Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties · Official and Scholar

Xiang Lang 向朗

Xiàng Lǎng

First attested AD 200; died AD 247

Passages: 12
Chapters: 1
Histories: 1

Overview

Xiang Lang was an official and Scholar.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Juda	巨達

Life and dates

Death

AD 247 延熙十年
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 98

Age

Value: 80 · Reckoning: Sui · Qualifier: over
At Event collating-books
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 95

Attested activity

AD 227 五年，隨亮漢中
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 87
AD 223 后主践阼，为步兵校尉
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 85
AD 200 to AD 208 向朗…荊州牧劉表以為臨沮長
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 77, 79
AD 247 延熙十年卒
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 98
AD 228 建兴六年免长史
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 88, 92
AD 208 to AD 223 歸先主…巴西太守
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 80, 84

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Kin of Xiang Chong (向寵)
elder brother's son 兄子
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 267
Sibling of Elder brother of Xiang Lang
elder brother 兄 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 100, 267
Sibling of Second elder brother of Xiang Lang
elder brother 兄 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 100
Child of Father of Xiang Lang
father 所天
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 100
Parent of Xiang Tiao (向條)
son 子
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 104

Kinship Role sons · Quantity unspecified
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 99

Career and standing

Administrator of Baxi 巴西太守
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 84
Chief Clerk to the Chancellor 丞相长史
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 85
Colonel of Foot Soldiers 步兵校尉
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 85
General of the Left 左將軍
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 89
Magistrate of Linju 臨沮長
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 79
Superintendent of the Imperial Household 光祿勳
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 89

Show 3 more source-backed claims

Marquis of Xianming Pavilion 顯明亭侯
Enfeoffed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 89
Specially Advanced 特進
Granted
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 89
Removed from office
Dismissal · Authority Zhuge Kongming (諸葛孔明)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 88

Places and affiliations

Polity Shu Han 蜀漢 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 85
At Yicheng in Xiangyang 襄陽宜城
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 77

Works and attributed material

Deathbed advice · Speaker
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 99-102

Events and relationships

Relation Friend of · Person Ma Su (馬謖)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 88
Relation Student of · Person Sima Hui (司馬徽)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 78
Relation Friend of · Person Xu Shu (徐庶)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 78

Assessments and attributes

Assessment respected by all ranks for classical teaching without meddling in current affairs · Mode historian-judgment
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 96-97

Source notes

text says thirty years; Pei Songzhi says twenty
Field years-at-leisure
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 92-93

References in the histories

Search passages

History

12 passages

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 41Volume 41: Book of Shu 11: Biographies of Huo, Wang, Xiang, Zhang, Yang, and Fei · 12 passages

向朗字巨達，襄陽宜城人也。 Xiang Lang, styled Juda, came from Yicheng in Xiangyang.

〈《襄阳记》曰：朗少师事司马德操，与徐元直、韩德高、庞士元皆亲善。〉〈The Xiangyang ji notes that in his youth he studied under Sima Hui and was close to Xu Shu, Han Song, and Pang Tong.〉

先主定江南，使朗督秭歸、夷道、巫 Once Liu Bei had secured the south bank of the Yangzi, he put Xiang Lang in charge of Zigui, Yidao, and Wu

蜀既平，以朗為巴西太守，頃之轉任，又徙房陵。 After Shu was pacified he became governor of Baxi, was shifted to other posts, and was later transferred to Fangling.

后主践阼，为步兵校尉，代王连领丞相长史。 When Liu Shan took the throne, Xiang Lang became colonel of foot soldiers and succeeded Wang Lian as chief clerk to the chancellor.

丞相亮南征，朗留统后事。 During Zhuge Liang's southern expedition he stayed behind to manage the capital.

朗素與馬謖善，謖逃亡，朗知情不舉，亮恨之，免官還成都。 He had long been friendly with Ma Su; when Ma fled after his defeat, Xiang Lang knew but said nothing. Zhuge Liang, furious, stripped him of rank and sent him back to Chengdu.

初，朗少時雖涉獵文學，然不治素檢，以吏能稱。 In his youth he had read widely but cared little for personal restraint and was known chiefly as a capable administrator.

〈臣松之案：朗坐马谡免长史，则建兴六年228年中也。〈Pei Songzhi notes that Xiang Lang lost the chief clerk's post over Ma Su in 228,

朗至延熙十年卒，整二十年耳，此云“三十”，字之误也。〉 and died in 247—only twenty years later—so the text's "thirty" is a scribal error.〉

〈襄阳记曰：朗遗言戒子曰：“传称师克在和不在众，此言天地和则万物生，君臣和则国家平，九族和则动得所求，静得所安，是以圣人守和，以存以亡也。〈The Xiangyang ji records his deathbed advice to his sons: "The classics say victory lies in harmony, not numbers; when heaven and earth, ruler and minister, and kin are at peace, life thrives and the state is calm, which is why sages cling to harmony for survival or ruin.

朗兄子寵，先主時為牙門將。 Xiang Lang's elder brother's son Xiang Chong served as general of the household yamen under the Former Lord.