Xiao Hengde (蕭恒德)

Overview

The translated histories identify Xiao Hengde as an aristocrat, family member, general, and military officer. This record brings together 17 passages from 5 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Xiao Hengde	蕭恒德	Xiao Hengde
Personal name	Hengde	恒德	Hengde
Personal	Hengde	恒德	Hengde
Given	Hengde	恒德	Héngdé
Surname	Xiao	蕭
Personal	Xiao Hengde	蕭恒德
Personal	Xiao Hengde	蕭恒德	Xiāo Héngdé
Personal name	Xiao Hengde	蕭恒德	Xiao Hengde
Personal name	Xiao Hengde	蕭恒德	Xiāo Héngdé
Courtesy	Xunning	遜寧	Xunning
Personal name		蕭恒德

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Explicit · liaoshi:065:s0086, liaoshi:085:s0010, liaoshi:088:s0081
Sex: male
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:083:s0147

Roles

Aristocrat
Family Member
General
Military Officer
Official

Life and dates

Death

Manner: ordered-execution · Authority Person Id: Empress Dowager (太后)
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0102

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 統和元年 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 1 · Western Year: AD 983
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:088:s0083
Source Date: Text: 十一年 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 11 · Western Year: AD 993
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:085:s0010
Source Date: Text: 十二年秋 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 12 · Western Year: AD 994
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:085:s0111
Source Date: Text: 統和十二年八月 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 12 · Western Year: AD 994
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:088:s0092
Source Date: Text: 統和十三年秋 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 13 · Season: autumn · Western Year: AD 995
Explicit · liaoshi:094:s0019, liaoshi:094:s0013
Source Date: Text: 統和十四年 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 14 · Western Year: AD 996
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:088:s0100
Source Date: Text: 統和六年 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 6 · Western Year: AD 988
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:088:s0086
Source Date: Text: 統和中 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Western Interval: Start: AD 983 · End: AD 1012
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:083:s0147, liaoshi:083:s0141
Source Date: Text: 延壽女 · Western Interval: Start: AD 969 · End: AD 1012
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:065:s0086

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Spouse of Yanshounü (延壽女)
Kinship Term: given in marriage / 下嫁 · Union Category: marriage · Subject Role: wife · Object Role: husband · Relationship State: formed
Spouse of Princess of Yueguo (越國公主)
Kinship Term: married / 尚 · Union Category: marriage
Kin of Xiao Liu (蕭柳)
Kinship Term: paternal uncle / 叔父 · Subject Role: paternal-uncle · Object Role: nephew · Line: paternal
Sibling of Father of Xiao Liu
Kinship Term: paternal uncle / 叔父 · Shared Parentage: full · Subject Relative Age: younger · Subject Role: younger-brother · Object Role: elder-brother
Parent of Pidi (匹敵)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Sibling of Xiao Paiya (蕭排押)
Kinship Term: younger brother / 弟 · Subject Relative Age: elder

Career and standing

Label: Chief Campaign Deployment Officer / 行軍都部署 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0100
Label: Commandant of Cavalry / 駙馬都尉 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0083
Label: Regent of the Eastern Capital / 東京留守 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0085
Label: Southern Division Linya / 南面林牙 · Action: appointed
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0083
Label: Eastern Capital regent / 東京留守 · Action: held · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 十一年 · Reign Id: liao-tonghe · Regnal Year: 11 · Western Year: AD 993
Explicit · liaoshi:085:s0010
Label: Northern Division Linya / 北面林牙 · Action: transferred
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0084
Title: Prince of Lanling / 蘭陵郡王 · Action: posthumously-enfeoffed
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0103
Title: Meritorious Subject Who Exhausts Himself for Qisheng / 啟聖竭力功臣 · Action: granted
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0092
Status: meritorious-title-stripped · Action: punished
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0099

Places and affiliations

Polity Id: liao · Relation: served
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0083, liaoshi:094:s0019
Polity Id: liao · Relation: subject-of
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:065:s0086

Works and attributed material

Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Heshuonu (和朔奴) · Provenance: Mode: quotation
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0096, liaoshi:088:s0097
Kind: speech · Role: speaker
Explicit · liaoshi:094:s0019

Events and relationships

Kind: personal · Role: offender · Action: affair-with-palace-woman-Xian-Shi · Other Person Id: Xian Shi (賢釋)
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0101
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: captured-Goryeo-border-cities
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0090
Kind: military · Role: assault-leader · Action: first-ascent-at-Changcheng-Pass
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0089
Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: refused-Wunai-surrender-forcing-costly-campaign · Other Person Id: Heshuonu (和朔奴)
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0093, liaoshi:088:s0094, liaoshi:088:s0095, liaoshi:088:s0096, liaoshi:088:s0097, liaoshi:088:s0098, liaoshi:088:s0099
Kind: military · Role: siege-commander · Action: took-Shadui-wounded-by-arrow · Place: Shadui / 沙堆
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0086, liaoshi:088:s0087, liaoshi:088:s0088
Kind: military · Role: advocate · Action: urged-deep-raid
Explicit · liaoshi:094:s0019, liaoshi:094:s0021
Relation: military-counselor-with · Person Id: Xiuge (休哥)
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0085
Relation: campaign-colleague-of · Person Id: Yelu Ameli (耶律阿沒裏)
Explicit · liaoshi:088:s0084

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · liaoshi:065:s0086

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

History of Liao, Chapter 65Volume 65 Tables 3: Princesses · 1 passage

Open chapter

下嫁蕭恒德。 She was given in marriage to Xiao Hengde.

History of Liao, Chapter 83Volume 83 Biographies 13: Yelu Xiuge, Yelu Xiezhen, Yelu Xidi, Yelu Xuegu · 1 passage

Open chapter

後從蕭恒德伐蒲盧毛朵部，以功為東路統軍都監。 Later he followed Xiao Hengde against the Pulumao Duo tribe and, for his merit, was made eastern-route army overall commandant.

History of Liao, Chapter 85Volume 85 Biographies 15: Xiao Talin, Xiao Guanyinnu, Yelu Tizi, Yelu Xieli, Yelu Nugua, Xiao Liu, Gao Xun, Xi Heshuonu, Xiao Taliege, Yelu Sahe · 3 passages

Open chapter

十一年，與東京留守蕭恒德伐高麗，破之。 In the eleventh year he joined Eastern Capital regent Xiao Hengde in a campaign against Goryeo and broke their resistance.

統和中，叔父恒德臨終，薦其才，詔入侍衛。 During the Tonghe era his uncle Hengde, on his deathbed, recommended his abilities, and an edict brought him into the imperial guard.

和朔奴知不能克，從副部署蕭恒德議，掠地東南，循高麗北界而還。 Seeing that the city could not be taken, Heshuonu followed Deputy Commander Xiao Hengde's advice, raided southeastward, and withdrew along Goryeo's northern frontier.

History of Liao, Chapter 88Volume 88 Biographies 18: Xiao Dilie, Yelu Pennu, Xiao Paiya, Yelu Zizhong, Yelu Yaozhi, Yelu Honggu, Gao Zheng, Yelu Delu, Da Kangyi · 10 passages

Open chapter

〈（恒德匹敵）〉 (See the biographies of Hengde and Pike)〉

弟恒德。 His younger brother Hengde.

恒德，字遜寧。 Hengde, whose style name was Xunning.

會宋將曹彬、米信侵燕，耶律休哥與恒德議軍事，多見信用，為東京留守。 When the Song generals Cao Bin and Mi Xin invaded Yan, Yelü Xiuge and Hengde deliberated on military affairs. Hengde was often trusted and made regent of the Eastern Capital.

六年，上攻宋，圍沙堆，恒德獨當一面。 In the sixth year, attacking Song, they besieged Shadui; Hengde alone held one sector of the siege.

城上矢石如雨，恒德意氣自若，督將士奪其陴。 Arrows and stones rained on the walls, yet Hengde remained calm and urged his officers and men to seize the parapet.

時高麗未附，恒德受詔，率兵拔其邊城。 At that time Goryeo had not yet submitted. Hengde received an edict and led troops to capture its border cities.

恒德利其俘獲，不許。 Hengde coveted the captives and would not permit it.

和朔奴議欲引退，恒德曰：「以彼倔強，吾奉詔來討，無功而還，諸部謂我何！ Heshuonu deliberated on withdrawing. Hengde said: "They are so stubborn, yet we came by imperial edict to chastise them. If we return without achievement, what will the tribes say of us!

還，公主疾，太后遣宮人賢釋侍之，恒德私焉。 On his return the princess fell ill. The empress dowager sent the palace woman Xian Shi to nurse her, and Hengde took her privately.

History of Liao, Chapter 94Volume 94 Biographies 24: Yelu Huage, Yelu Wola, Yelu Susa, Xiao Aludai, Yelu Naye, Yelu Helusaogu, Yelu Shiliang · 2 passages

Open chapter

蕭恒德謂師久無功，何以藉口，若深入大掠，猶勝空返。 Xiao Hengde argued that they had campaigned for months without victory and asked what face they could show on their return; a deep raid with heavy spoils was still better than going home empty-handed.

恒德不從，略地東南，循高麗北鄙還。 Hengde would not heed him. They ravaged the southeast and marched back along Goryeo's northern border.