Xuantong Emperor (宣統帝)

Overview

The translated histories identify Xuantong Emperor as a ruler. This record brings together 19 passages from 4 chapters across 1 history, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Xuantong Emperor	宣統帝	Xuantong
Title	Emperor	皇上
Title	Our Emperor	皇上
Title	the emperor	皇帝
Regnal name	Xuantong	宣統	Xuantong
Regnal	Xuantong	宣統	Xuantong
Title	Xuantong Emperor	宣統帝

Identity

Historicity: Historical
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Sex: male
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:142:s0021
Sex: male
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0019, qingshigao:473:s0021

Roles

Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

Source Date: Text: 丁卯民國十六年，1927 · Western Year: AD 1927
Explicit · qingshigao:473:s0109
Source Date: Text: 宣統三年 · Western Year: AD 1911
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0138
Source Date: Text: 宣統九年1917年五月十三日 · Western Year: AD 1917
Explicit · qingshigao:473:s0032
Source Date: Text: 宣統元年 · Western Year: AD 1909
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0018, qingshigao:472:s0019
Source Date: Text: 宣統嗣立 · Western Year: AD 1908
Explicit · qingshigao:438:s0152
Source Date: Text: 宣統遜位 · Western Year: AD 1912
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:142:s0021
Source Date: Text: 甲子民國十三年，1924 · Western Year: AD 1924
Explicit · qingshigao:473:s0105

Career and standing

Status: abdication · Action: entered · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 宣統遜位 · Western Year: AD 1912
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0021, qingshigao:142:s0182
Action: restored to rule
Explicit · qingshigao:473:s0032
Source Date: Text: 宣統遜位 · Western Year: AD 1912
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0021

Places and affiliations

Polity: Qing / 清 · Relation: ruled
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0021

Works and attributed material

Events and relationships

Kind: political · Role: ruler · Action: abdicated
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0021

Source notes

Historicity: historical
Explicit · qingshigao:473:s0056

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 142Volume 142 Treatises 117: Penal Law 1 · 1 passage

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迨宣統遜位，而中國數千年相傳之刑典俱廢。 When Xuantong abdicated, the penal codes that China had transmitted for thousands of years were all abolished.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 438Volume 438 Biographies 225: Yan Jingming, Zhang Zhiwan, Lu Chuan Lin, Lin Shaonian · 1 passage

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宣統嗣立，與攝政醇親王同受遺詔，加太子少保，晉太子太保。 When Xuantong succeeded to the throne, he and the regent Prince Chun together received the testamentary edict. He was given the rank Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent and then advanced to Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent.

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 472Volume 472 Biographies 259: Lu Runxiang, Shi Xu, Yi Ketan, Liang Dingfen, Xu Fang, Lao Naixuan, Shen Cengzhi · 8 passages

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皇帝典學，充毓慶宮授讀，兼顧問大臣。 When the emperor undertook his formal studies, he became tutor in the Yuqing Palace and also served as an advisory minister.

我皇上睿哲性成，聰明天縱，衝齡踐祚，洪業肇基，當此春秋典學之時，實為聖敬日躋之始，伏維監國攝政王薰陶德性，輔養聖躬，慎選侍從，左右將護，亦既淵衝翕受，法戒靡遺。 Our Emperor is wise and sagacious by nature, bright with heaven's gift; he ascended the throne in tender years, the great enterprise only just begun. At this season of youth and classical study, it is truly the beginning of daily ascent in sagely reverence. The regent prince overseeing the realm has shaped his moral nature, nurtured the imperial person, chosen attendants with care, and guarded him on every side—the young emperor has already absorbed it all, and no lesson or warning has been spared.

唯是皇上一念之張弛，系萬機之治忽； Yet a single moment's slackening or tightening in the emperor's mind bears upon whether the myriad affairs of state flourish or fail;

有不得不慎之又慎者，謹為我皇上詳晰陳之：一，請崇聖學。 Some things must be guarded with redoubled care; I respectfully set them out in detail for Our Emperor: First, I ask that sagely learning be exalted.

今我皇上典學之初，應定教學科目，自應會通今古，融貫中西，不可拘於舊例。 Now, at the outset of Our Emperor's classical studies, the curriculum ought to be set: it should unite past and present and draw together Chinese and Western learning, and not be confined to old precedent.

我皇上毓德方新，始基宜固，舊制選派內監伴讀，似不足以肅學製而廣箴規。 Our Emperor's moral cultivation has only just begun, and the foundation ought to be made firm; the old practice of assigning eunuchs as reading companions seems insufficient to give the school system proper gravity or to broaden the scope of admonition.

我皇上今日之言動起居，罔有勿敬，即異日之立政敷教，罔有勿臧，此尤根本之至計，不可不謹之於漸，而慎之於始者也。 Our Emperor's words, conduct, and daily life today are without anything irreverent; likewise, when he later establishes policy and spreads instruction, nothing will be amiss—this above all is the root plan, which must be guarded from the first and watched from the very beginning.

伏念朝廷廣勵人才，振興教育，侁侁學子，爭自濯磨，皇上典學伊始，益宜宏茲遠謨，以慰天下士民之望。」 Reflecting that the court broadly encourages talent and revives education, and eager students everywhere strive to refine themselves, at the very outset of the emperor's classical studies it is all the more fitting to expand this far-reaching design and satisfy the hopes of scholars and common people throughout the realm."

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 473Volume 473 Biographies 260: Zhang Xun, Kang Youwei · 9 passages

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權衡重輕，天人交迫，不得已允如所奏，於宣統九年1917年五月十三日臨朝聽政，收回大權，與民更始。 Weighing what matters most, pressed by Heaven and men alike, I have no choice but to grant the request as memorialized; on the thirteenth day of the fifth month in the ninth year of Xuantong (1917) I shall attend court and resume rule, reclaim supreme authority, and make a new beginning with the people.