Ancient China · Ruler

Yellow Emperor 黃帝

Huangdi

Attested BC 110

Passages
34
Chapters
26
Histories
12

Overview

The translated histories identify Yellow Emperor as a musician, philosopher, physician, and ruler. This record brings together 34 passages from 26 chapters across 12 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

TypeEnglishChinesePinyin
Personal Yellow Emperor 黃帝 Huangdi
Personal Dihong 帝鴻氏 Dihong shi
Title Emperor Hong 帝鴻 Dihong
Personal name Huangdi 黃帝 Huángdì
Personal Huangdi 黃帝 Huangdi
Personal Xuanyuan 軒轅 Xuanyuan
Personal Xuanyuan 軒轅氏 Xuanyuan shi
Personal name Xuanyuan 軒轅 Xuānyuán
Clan Xuanyuan 軒轅 Xuānyuán
Alternate name Xuanyuan 軒轅
Title Yellow Emperor 黃帝 Huangdi
Title Yellow Emperor 黃帝 Huángdì
Personal name Yellow Emperor 帝鴻 Dì Hóng
Title Yellow Emperor 黃帝
Temple name Yellow Emperor 黃帝 Huángdì
Personal name Yellow Emperor 軒轅 Xuānyuán
Personal name Yellow Emperor 黃帝 Huángdì
Title Yellow Emperor
Personal Yellow Emperor 軒轅氏 Xuānyuán shì
Personal name Yellow Emperor 軒轅氏 Xuanyuan Shi
Personal name Yellow Emperor 黃帝 Huangdi
Personal name Yellow Emperor Huang
Personal name Yellow Emperor 黃帝 Huáng Dì
Title Yellow Emperor 黃帝 Huáng Dì
Personal Yellow Emperor 黃帝 Huángdì
Personal Yellow Emperor
Personal name Yellow Emperor 軒轅 Xuanyuan
Title Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan 黃帝軒轅氏 Huangdi Xuanyuan shi
Personal name Yellow Thearch 黄帝 Huangdi
Alternate name Yellow Thearch
Personal Yellow Thearch 軒轅氏 Xuānyuán shì
Personal 軒轅 Xuānyuán
Personal name 軒轅 Xuanyuan

Identity

Historicity
Legendary
Identification
Named
Sex
Male

Roles

  • Musician
  • Philosopher
  • Physician
  • Ruler

Life and dates

Attested activity

Places and affiliations

  • Place: Zhuolu / 涿鹿 · Relation: campaigned-at
    Explicit · shiji:025:s0008

Learning and skills

Events and relationships

  • Kind: legendary-music · Role: originator · Action: blew-nine-inch-tube-for-yellow-bell
  • Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: executed · Other Person Id: Chiyou (蚩尤) · Place: Zhuolu / 涿鹿
    Explicit · liaoshi:031:s0004
  • Kind: ritual · Role: officiant · Action: feng-shan-then-became-transcendent · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report
  • Kind: military · Role: commander · Action: fought · Place: Zhuolu / 涿鹿
    Explicit · shiji:025:s0008
  • Kind: ritual · Role: ruler · Action: instituted-regalia-crown-and-patterned-garments
    Explicit · liaoshi:056:s0109
  • Kind: cultural · Role: ruler · Action: let-robes-hang-down-and-realm-governed
  • Kind: ritual · Role: recipient · Action: received-sacrifice · Label: campaign-site prayer offering on bear skins / 禡于所征之地以熊席祀
  • Kind: military · Role: legendary ruler · Action: resorted to battle when unavoidable · Provenance: Mode: edict-historical-exemplum · Speaker Person Id: Later Liang Last Emperor (末帝)
  • Kind: military · Role: ruler · Action: used-arms-against-non-tributaries
    Explicit · mingshi:057:s0271

Assessments and attributes

  • Assessment: ancient sovereign; traditions before his age conflict and lack a single authoritative account · Provenance: Mode: commentator-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Yan Shigu (師古)
    Explicit · hanshu:022:s0031

Source notes

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 29Volume 29 Biographies 21: Li Hun; Zi Zhan; Hun Dihui; Zuzi Gongxu; Li Yu; Di Jin; Zu Dixiao; Zheng Shuzu; Zi Yuande · 1 passage
Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 49Volume 49 Biographies 41: Arts · 1 passage
Book of Han, Chapter 1Volume 1: Annals of Emperor Gaozu 1 · 1 passage
Book of Han, Chapter 20Table of Ancient and Modern Persons · 3 passages
Book of Han, Chapter 22Volume 20: Prominent People from the Past Until the Present · 1 passage
Book of Han, Chapter 26Volume 24a: Treatise on Trade 1 · 1 passage
Book of Han, Chapter 58Volume 49: Yuan Ang and Chao Cuo · 1 passage
Book of Later Han, Chapter 32Volume 28b: Biography of Feng Yan · 1 passage
Book of Later Han, Chapter 108Volume 97: Rituals and Worship Part One · 3 passages
Book of Later Han, Chapter 131Volume 120: Treatise on Carriages and Dress, Part Two · 1 passage
History of Jin, Chapter 131Volume 131 Biographies 69: Huan Zhe, Liang Chong, Song Gui, Pan Shouheng, Fang Ji, Liu Wansu, Zhang Congzheng, Li Qingsi, Ji Tianxi, Zhang Yuansu, Ma Guizhong, Wu Zhen Son: Kang, Li Mao, Hu Dexin · 2 passages
Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 10Volume 10 Book of Later Liang 10: Later Emperors Annals 3 · 1 passage
Old History of the Five Dynasties, Chapter 145Volume 145: Treatises 7 Music 2 · 1 passage
History of Liao, Chapter 31Volume 31 Treatises 1: Management of Guards 1 · 1 passage
History of Liao, Chapter 34Volume 34 Treatises 4: Military 1 · 1 passage
History of Liao, Chapter 55Volume 55 Treatises 25: Ceremonial Guards 1 · 1 passage
History of Liao, Chapter 56Volume 56 Treatises 26: Ceremonial Guards 2 · 1 passage
History of Ming, Chapter 57Volume 57 Treatises 33: Rites 11 · 2 passages
Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 62Volume 62: Book of Wu 17: Biographies of Shi Yi and Hu Zong · 2 passages
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 25Treatise on the Pitch-Pipes · 1 passage
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 74Biographies of Mengzi and Xun Qing · 1 passage
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 80Biography of Yue Yi · 2 passages
Records of the Grand Historian, Chapter 127Biographies of Soothsayers · 1 passage
New Book of Tang, Chapter 16Volume 16 Treatises 6: Rites and Music 6 · 1 passage
History of Yuan, Chapter 171Volume 171 Biographies 58: Liu Yin, Wu Cheng · 1 passage
Book of Zhou, Chapter 4Volume 4 Annals 4: Emperor Ming · 1 passage