Yunwen 朱允炆

Other names

Family

• Descendant of Taizu (太祖)
  grandson 孫 · paternal line · 2 generations · Through Yiwen (懿文太子)
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 2
• Spouse of Consort Ma (馬氏)
  consort 妃 · Primary marriage
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 28
• Child of Lady Chang (常氏)
  deceased mother 妣
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 27
• Parent of Zhu Wenkui (朱文奎)
  eldest imperial son 皇長子 · paternal line
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 30
• Child of Consort Lü (呂氏)
  mother consort 母妃 · Uncertain parentage
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 3
• Child of Yiwen (懿文太子)
  second son 第二子 · paternal line
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 2
• Kin of Zhu Fu (朱榑)
  senior kin 尊屬
  Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 9
• Kin of Zhu Gui (朱桂)
  senior kin 尊屬
  Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 9
• Kin of Zhu Di (朱棣)
  senior kin 尊屬
  Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 9
• Kin of Zhu Pian (朱楩)
  senior kin 尊屬
  Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 9
• Kin of Zhu Su (朱橚)
  senior kin 尊屬
  Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 9
• Kin of Zhu Bai (朱柏)
  senior kin 尊屬
  Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 9
• Sibling of Zhu Yunteng (朱允熥)
  younger brother 弟 · Uncertain siblings
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 29
• Sibling of Zhu Yunxi (朱允熙)
  younger brother 弟 · Uncertain siblings
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 29
• Sibling of Zhu Yunjian (朱允熞)
  younger brother 弟 · Uncertain siblings
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 29

• the princes were all senior kin 諸王皆尊屬
  Kinship Role senior-kin-princes · Quantity all princes
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 9

Career and standing

• emperor 皇帝
  Acceded · From Source Date: Text: 洪武三十一年閏五月辛卯 · Western Year: AD 1398
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 191
• heir apparent grandson 皇太孫
  Appointed · From Source Date: Text: 洪武二十五年九月 · Western Year: AD 1392
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 8
• Acceded
  AD 1398 洪武三十一年閏五月辛卯
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 191

Places and affiliations

• Ming 明
  Relation Ruled
  Strongly inferred · History of Ming 4, passage 1

Works and attributed material

• Hongwu Code 洪武律
  Relation Reviser
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 12
• Veritable Records of Taizu 太祖實錄
  Relation Sponsor
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 26
• Edict · Author · Paraphrased
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passages 47, 194, 199
• Petition · Author · With Taizu (太祖) · Paraphrased
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 12
• Speech · Speaker · Direct quotation
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passages 196-197

Events and relationships

• Great sacrifice to Heaven and Earth with Taizu paired
  AD 1399 建文元年正月庚辰 · Sacrifice · Officiant · With Taizu (太祖)
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 25
• Merged prefectures and cut redundant posts
  AD 1398 洪武三十一年六月 · Administration · Sovereign
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 200
• Nursed through illness
  Filial nursing · Caregiver · With Yiwen (懿文太子)
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 5
• Offered sacrifice to Confucius
  AD 1399 建文元年三月 · Sacrifice · Officiant · With Confucius (孔子)
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 36
• Ordered three year mourning
  Ritual · Mourner
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passages 194, 198
• Proclaimed general amnesty
  AD 1398 洪武三十一年閏五月辛卯 · Legal · Sovereign
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 192

Assessments and attributes

• Assessment keen-witted, devoted to study, and supremely filial · Mode historian-judgment
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 4
• Assessment tempered judgment with mercy; the realm praised his virtue · Mode historian-judgment
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passages 11-12
• From childhood keen-witted, fond of learning, and supremely filial
  Character
  Directly stated · History of Ming 4, passage 4