Confucius (孔子) | 24 Histories

Overview

The translated histories identify Confucius as a hermit, historian, named individual, and official. This record brings together 305 passages from 129 chapters across 22 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.

Names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Personal	Confucius	孔子	Kongzi
Epithet	ancient sage	先聖
Personal	Confucius	孔子	Kǒngzǐ
Personal name	Confucius	孔子	Kongzi
Personal name	Confucius	孔子	Kǒngzǐ
Title	Confucius	孔子	Kongzi
Personal name	Confucius	孔子
Personal	Confucius	孔	Kong
Personal	Confucius	孔丘	Kong Qiu
Honorific	Confucius	孔子	Kǒngzǐ
Personal name	Confucius
Personal name	Confucius	孔
Personal name	Confucius	孔	Kǒng
Personal name	Confucius	孔丘	Kong Qiu
Alternate name	Confucius
Epithet	Confucius	夫子
Title	Confucius	孔宣父	Kong Xuanfu
Personal name	Confucius	仲尼
Personal	Confucius
Personal	Confucius	孔子
Personal	Confucius	孔
Personal	Confucius	仲尼
Personal name	Confucius	孔	Kong
Personal name	Confucius	孔氏
Personal	Confucius	仲尼	Confucius
Personal	Confucius	仲尼	Zhòngní
Personal name	Confucius	孔子	Kǒng zǐ
Personal	Confucius	孔子	Kong Zi
Alternate name	Confucius	孔子	Kǒngzǐ
Temple name	Confucius	宣父	Xuanfu
Epithet	Confucius	文宣王
Personal	Confucius	仲尼	Zhongni
Personal	Confucius	丘	Qiu
Alternate	Confucius	孔子
Title	Cultured Propagator King	文宣王
Title	Cultured Sagely King	文宣王
Courtesy	Dan	耼	Dan
Title	Duke Wenxuan	文宣公
Given	Er	耳	Er
Title	King Wenxuan	文宣王
Posthumous	King Wenxuan	文宣王
Title	King Wenxuan	文宣王	Wénxuān Wáng
Surname	Kong	孔
Personal name	Kong Qiu	孔丘	Kǒng Qiū
Personal name	Kong Qiu	孔丘	Kong Qiu
Title	Kong Xuanfu	孔宣父	Kong Xuanfu
Alternate name	Kongfu	孔父
Personal name	Lao	老	Lao
Personal	Laozi	老子	Laozi
Personal name	Laozi	老子	Lǎozǐ
Personal name	Laozi	聃	Dan
Personal name	Laozi	老聃
Personal name	Laozi	老子
Personal	Laozi	老子	Lǎozǐ
Personal name	Laozi	老
Personal name	Laozi	老	Lǎo
Personal name	Laozi	老氏	Laozi
Alternate name	Laozi	老子
Personal name	Laozi	老子	Laozi
Personal	Laozi	老子
Personal name	Laozi	老	Lao
Surname	Li	李	Li
Personal	Li Er	李耳	Li Er
Personal name	Li Qing	栗卿	Lì Qīng
Title	Li Qing	栗卿
Title	Master	子	Zi
Epithet	Master	夫子
Title	Master	夫子	Fuzi
Personal name	Old Dan	老聃	Lǎo Dān
Given	Qiu	丘	Qiu
Epithet	sage	聖人	Shengren
Epithet	Sage	聖
Epithet	Sagely Master	聖師
Title	Sagely Proclaimed One	宣聖
Title	the Master	夫子	fuzi
Title	the Master	夫子
Title	the Master	夫子	Fuzi
Title	the Master	子	zǐ
Title	the Master	子	Zǐ
Title	the Master	夫子	Fū zǐ
Alternate	the Old Master	老氏	Lǎo shì
Alternate name	the sage	聖人
Title	the sage	聖人
Epithet	the Sage	聖人
Epithet	the Sage	聖人	Shengren
Epithet	uncrowned king	素王
Epithet	Uncrowned King	素王
Title	Wenxuan	宣王
Epithet	Xuan Ni	宣尼	Xuan Ni
Title	Xuan Sheng	宣聖	Xuansheng
Courtesy	Zhong Ni	仲尼	Zhongni
Courtesy name	Zhong Ni	仲尼	Zhòng ní
Courtesy	Zhongni	仲尼	Zhongni
Courtesy name	Zhongni	仲尼	Zhòngní
Courtesy name	Zhongni	仲尼	Zhongni
Courtesy name	Zhongni	仲尼
Courtesy	Zhongni	仲尼	Zhòngní
Surname		孔	Kǒng
Alternate		孔氏	Kongshi

Identity

Historicity: Uncertain
Identification: Named
Sex: Male

Roles

Hermit
Historian
Named Individual
Official
Philosopher
Religious Leader
Scholar
Teacher
Writer

Life and dates

Death

Manner: executed / 誅 · Authority Person Id: Emperor Xiaojing (孝景皇帝)
Explicit · hanshu:055:s0106
Manner: unspecified · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 仲尼沒後 · Western Year: BC 479
Explicit · shiji:023:s0018
Statement: died; 129 years before Zhou Grand Historian Tan saw Duke Xian of Qin / 孔子死之後百二十九年
Explicit · shiji:063:s0021
Statement: the sage perished / 聖人既沒
Explicit · xinwudaishi:059:s0035

Age

Statement: more than one hundred sixty years; some say more than two hundred / 百有六十餘歲，或言二百餘歲 · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report
Uncertain · shiji:063:s0020

Attested activity

Qualitative: antiquity
Explicit · liaoshi:093:s0102
Qualitative: legendary antiquity
Explicit · hanshu:006:s0187, hanshu:055:s0126, hanshu:085:s0037, hanshu:098:s0056, houhanshu:032:s0035, houhanshu:094:s0283, houhanshu:094:s0335, qingshigao:443:s0132, qingshigao:445:s0168, yuanshi:171:s0065
Qualitative: legendary antiquity
Uncertain · nanqishu:048:s0100
Qualitative: legendary antiquity
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:353:s0126
Source Date: Text: 《春秋》雖書日食、星變之類 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:059:s0007
Source Date: Text: BC 551-479 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · houhanshu:032:s0035
Source Date: Text: BC 551-479 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Uncertain · nanqishu:048:s0100
Source Date: Text: classical exemplum · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · nanqishu:055:s0003
Source Date: Text: Spring and Autumn period · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:111:s0070
Source Date: Text: undated citation of Confucius · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · shiji:061:s0009, shiji:061:s0011, shiji:061:s0039, shiji:061:s0048, shiji:061:s0058
Source Date: Text: 不疑學老子言 · Western Year: BC 140
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:103:s0119
Source Date: Text: 不遇仲尼 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:034:s0005
Source Date: Text: 中國宗教遵孔 · Western Year: BC 500
Explicit event contextual date · qingshigao:142:s0149
Source Date: Text: 中大同元年 · Western Year: AD 546
Explicit event contextual date · liangshu:037:s0084
Source Date: Text: 九年 · Western Year: AD 166
Explicit event contextual date · houhanshu:109:s0065, houhanshu:109:s0064
Source Date: Text: 二十六年 · Western Year: AD 1846
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:378:s0201, qingshigao:378:s0205
Source Date: Text: 五年癸巳 · Western Year: AD 1233
Explicit event contextual date · yuanshi:002:s0053
Source Date: Text: 仁宗即位…釋奠 · Western Year: AD 1311
Explicit · yuanshi:204:s0030
Source Date: Text: 仲尼 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · houhanshu:094:s0316, houhanshu:094:s0328, houhanshu:094:s0363, sanguozhi:063:s0144
Source Date: Text: 仲尼 · Western Year: BC 500
Explicit · houhanshu:094:s0211
Source Date: Text: 仲尼之世 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · hanshu:055:s0158
Source Date: Text: 仲尼之去魯 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · hanshu:098:s0055
Source Date: Text: 仲尼居，曾子侍 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · nanqishu:021:s0084
Source Date: Text: 仲尼曰 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · shiji:023:s0012
Source Date: Text: 仲尼有言 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · weishu:096:s0107
Source Date: Text: 仲尼有言 · Western Year: BC 500
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:103:s0153
Source Date: Text: 仲尼沒後 · Western Year: BC 479
Strongly inferred · shiji:023:s0018
Source Date: Text: 仲尼畏匡 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:124:s0009
Western Year: BC 500 · Source Date: Text: 仲尼論四科
Strongly inferred · liangshu:030:s0199
Source Date: Text: 元和二年 · Western Year: AD 85
Explicit event contextual date · houhanshu:109:s0053, houhanshu:109:s0045
Source Date: Text: 先秦時期 · Western Year: c. BC 500
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:048:s0187
Source Date: Text: 光大元年十二月庚寅 · Western Year: AD 567
Explicit · chenshu:004:s0064
Source Date: Text: 四年 · Western Year: AD 919
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:002:s0005
Source Date: Text: 大定十四年 · Western Year: AD 1174
Explicit event contextual date · jinshi:035:s0246
Source Date: Text: 大曆末 · Western Year: AD 779
Explicit event contextual date · jiutangshu:131:s0204, jiutangshu:131:s0169
Source Date: Text: 大統十年 · Western Year: AD 544
Explicit event contextual date · zhoushu:023:s0042, zhoushu:023:s0153
Source Date: Text: 天成四年八月 · Western Year: AD 929
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:040:s0107
Source Date: Text: 夫子（周代聖人） · Western Year: c. BC 500
Strongly inferred · liangshu:006:s0073
Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479 · Source Date: Text: 夫子罕言利者，常防其原也。
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:074:s0003, shiji:074:s0041
Source Date: Text: 子贛既學於仲尼 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:103:s0044
Source Date: Text: 孔 · Western Year: BC 500
Explicit · nanqishu:047:s0082
Source Date: Text: 孔丘有言 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:068:s0126
Source Date: Text: 孔丘秘經 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · houhanshu:034:s0025
Source Date: Text: 孔子…逐於魯 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Derived · shiji:076:s0164
Source Date: Text: 孔子 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · beiqishu:038:s0019, houhanshu:089:s0357, houhanshu:110:s0087, jinshi:127:s0049, jiutangshu:027:s0035, liangshu:014:s0290, liangshu:047:s0273, liangshu:052:s0094, qingshigao:483:s0004, shiji:013:s0062, shiji:083:s0194, shiji:085:s0099, songshu:055:s0032, yuanshi:103:s0247, yuanshi:103:s0249
Source Date: Text: 孔子 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:104:s0111, liaoshi:109:s0005, mingshi:065:s0029
Source Date: Text: 孔子 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · weishu:027:s0056, weishu:098:s0212, xintangshu:175:s0223
Source Date: Text: 孔子 · Western Year: c. BC 500
Explicit · chenshu:036:s0127
Source Date: Text: 孔子 · Western Year: BC 551
Explicit · qingshigao:473:s0068
Source Date: Text: 孔子（春秋時） · Western Year: BC 500
Explicit · hanshu:025:s0244
Source Date: Text: 孔子之世 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · liangshu:038:s0283
Source Date: Text: 孔子云 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · beiqishu:025:s0182
Source Date: Text: 孔子作《春秋》 · Western Year: BC 481
Explicit event contextual date · liaoshi:112:s0014
Source Date: Text: 孔子因史文次春秋 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:013:s0003
Source Date: Text: 孔子大聖 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:072:s0015
Source Date: Text: 孔子小之 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:062:s0067
Source Date: Text: 孔子所傳 · Western Interval: Start: c. BC 551 · End: c. BC 479
Explicit · shiji:001:s0281
Source Date: Text: 孔子所稱 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:025:s0037
Source Date: Text: 孔子曰 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:026:s0071, hanshu:026:s0076, shiji:003:s0236
Source Date: Text: 孔子曰 · Western Year: c. BC 500
Explicit · houhanshu:130:s0037
Source Date: Text: 孔子曰 · Western Year: BC 500
Explicit · chenshu:032:s0001
Source Date: Text: 孔子書「元年」為《春秋》大法 · Western Interval: Start: c. BC 551 · End: c. BC 479
Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0133
Source Date: Text: 孔子未修《春秋》 · Western Interval: Start: c. BC 551 · End: c. BC 479
Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0131
Source Date: Text: 孔子正夏時 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · shiji:002:s0261
Source Date: Text: 孔子死之後百二十九年 · Western Year: BC 479
Explicit · shiji:063:s0021
Source Date: Text: 孔子稱 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · liaoshi:108:s0002
Source Date: Text: 孔子稱 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · zhoushu:009:s0150
Source Date: Text: 孔子稱曰 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · shiji:104:s0071
Source Date: Text: 孔子稱黍 · Western Year: AD 588
Explicit event contextual date · suishu:077:s0036
Source Date: Text: 孔子衣逢掖之衣 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · houhanshu:131:s0051
Source Date: Text: 孔子言 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:022:s0005
Source Date: Text: 孔子論前王之文獻 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · songshi:497:s0004
Source Date: Text: 孔子適周，將問禮於老子 · Western Interval: Start: BC 520 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:063:s0002, shiji:063:s0001
Source Date: Text: 孔子適周 · Western Interval: Start: BC 520 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:063:s0002
Source Date: Text: 孔子錯其象 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:099:s0138, hanshu:099:s0149
Source Date: Text: 孔宣父 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:145:s0020
Source Date: Text: 孔門之世 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · houhanshu:031:s0196
Source Date: Text: 孔墨荀孟 · Western Year: BC 551
Explicit · zhoushu:046:s0015
Source Date: Text: 宣父稱顏子 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · xintangshu:044:s0158
Source Date: Text: 廢太子時 · Western Interval: Start: BC 150 · End: BC 150
Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:055:s0106
Source Date: Text: 廢太子誅栗卿 · Western Year: BC 150
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:103:s0096
Source Date: Text: 廣順二年六月 · Western Year: AD 952
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:011:s0098
Source Date: Text: 延熹八年 · Western Year: AD 165
Explicit · houhanshu:109:s0064
Source Date: Text: 建武三十二年二月 · Western Year: AD 56
Explicit · houhanshu:108:s0104, houhanshu:108:s0137
Source Date: Text: 建武三十年二月 · Western Year: AD 54
Explicit · houhanshu:108:s0093, houhanshu:108:s0094
Source Date: Text: 建武初 · Western Interval: Start: AD 25 · End: AD 36
Explicit event contextual date · houhanshu:034:s0060
Source Date: Text: 德宗居奉天 · Western Interval: Start: AD 783 · End: AD 784
Explicit event contextual date · xintangshu:161:s0096, xintangshu:161:s0094
Source Date: Text: 或曰儋即老子 · Western Interval: Start: BC 384 · End: BC 362
Uncertain · shiji:063:s0022, shiji:063:s0021
Source Date: Text: 所謂孔子乘殷之路者 · Western Year: c. BC 500
Explicit · houhanshu:130:s0059
Source Date: Text: 承安二年 · Western Year: AD 1197
Explicit event contextual date · jinshi:035:s0048
Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479 · Source Date: Text: 抑揚孔、墨／有仲尼之學
Explicit event contextual date · liangshu:006:s0145, liangshu:006:s0176
Source Date: Text: 文宣王 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Strongly inferred · jiuwudaishi:068:s0126
Source Date: Text: 昔 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:059:s0001, xinwudaishi:059:s0002, xinwudaishi:059:s0005, xinwudaishi:059:s0010, xinwudaishi:059:s0012, xinwudaishi:059:s0035
Source Date: Text: 春秋 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · liangshu:016:s0176
Source Date: Text: 春秋 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:002:s0133, xinwudaishi:002:s0137
Source Date: Text: 春秋之世 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:091:s0109, hanshu:091:s0206
Source Date: Text: 春秋之世 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · qingshigao:472:s0020
Source Date: Text: 春秋之後 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:025:s0052
Source Date: Text: 春秋時 · Western Year: BC 500
Explicit · hanshu:082:s0146
Source Date: Text: 洪武四年 · Western Year: AD 1371
Explicit event contextual date · mingshi:140:s0030
Source Date: Text: 皇統元年 · Western Year: AD 1141
Explicit event contextual date · jinshi:035:s0244
Source Date: Text: 祭孔宣父 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:144:s0183
Source Date: Text: 老子 · Western Interval: Start: c. BC 600 · End: c. BC 400
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:034:s0032
Source Date: Text: 老子 · Western Year: c. BC 500
Uncertain · hanshu:022:s0020
Source Date: Text: 老子所謂 · Western Interval: Start: BC 500 · End: BC 400
Explicit · shiji:127:s0069
Source Date: Text: 老子者…周守藏室之史 · Western Interval: Start: BC 520 · End: BC 480
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:063:s0001
Source Date: Text: 老聃有遺言 · Western Year: BC 500
Explicit event contextual date · hanshu:099:s0150
Source Date: Text: 自堯、舜、三代以來 · Western Interval: Start: BC 551 · End: BC 479
Explicit event contextual date · xinwudaishi:059:s0004
Source Date: Text: 莊老貴無為 · Western Interval: Start: BC 571 · End: BC 471
Explicit · weishu:096:s0220
Source Date: Text: 贊曰：姬制孔作 · Western Year: BC 500
Explicit · nanqishu:010:s0209
Source Date: Text: 遊、夏 / 孔氏 · Western Year: BC 500
Strongly inferred · sanguozhi:031:s0148
Source Date: Text: 長興三年六月壬戌 · Western Year: AD 932
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:141:s0150, jiuwudaishi:141:s0144
Source Date: Text: 開平三年 · Western Year: AD 909
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:005:s0074
Source Date: Text: 隆慶元年八月癸未朔 · Western Year: AD 1567
Explicit · mingshi:019:s0021
Source Date: Text: 顯德六年八月壬寅 · Western Year: AD 959
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:120:s0055, jiuwudaishi:120:s0057
Source Date: Text: 高祖親征兗州 · Western Year: AD 951
Explicit event contextual date · jiuwudaishi:130:s0127, jiuwudaishi:130:s0132
Source Date: Text: 黃帝、老子之言 · Western Year: BC 500
Explicit event contextual date · shiji:080:s0118

Family

Immediate source-linked family. Drag to pan, scroll or pinch to zoom, and select a person to open their record.

Ancestor of Kong Miao (孔邈)
Generation Distance: 41 · Kinship Term: forty-first-generation descendant / 四十一代孫
Ancestor of Kong Yuancuo (元措)
Kinship Term: fifty-first-generation descendant / 五十一世孫 · Generation Distance: 51 · Line: paternal
Ancestor of Kong Yinzhi (孔廕植)
Kinship Term: sixty-fifth-generation descendant / 六十五代孫 · Generation Distance: 65 · Line: paternal
Ancestor of Marquis of Baocheng (褒成侯)
Kinship Term: descendant / 之后 · Line: paternal
Parent of Zong (宗)
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: father · Object Role: son
Kinship Term: son / 子 · Parentage: biological · Subject Role: son · Object Role: father

Career and standing

Label: sage and classical editor / 聖人
Explicit · xinwudaishi:059:s0004, xinwudaishi:059:s0005
Label: sage teacher / 孔子
Explicit · mingshi:065:s0029
Label: keeper of the archives / 守藏室之史 · Action: held
Explicit · shiji:063:s0001
Title: Xuan Sheng / 宣聖 · Action: held
Explicit · yuanshi:103:s0247
Status: recluse · Label: reclusive gentleman / 隱君子
Explicit · shiji:063:s0023

Places and affiliations

Polity: Lu · Relation: philosopher-of
Explicit · hanshu:082:s0146
Place: Quren Village, Li Township, Ku County, Chu / 楚苦縣厲鄉曲仁里
Explicit · shiji:063:s0001
Place: Confucius temple / 孔子廟 · Relation: commemorated-at
Explicit · yuanshi:103:s0249
Place: Ku county in Chen / 陈国苦县 · Relation: cult-site
Explicit · houhanshu:109:s0064
Place: Wei / 衛 · Relation: resided-at
Explicit · shiji:023:s0017
Place: Xuan Sheng temple / 宣聖廟 · Relation: commemorated-at
Explicit · yuanshi:103:s0247
Place: Zhuolong / 濯龙 · Relation: cult-site
Explicit · houhanshu:109:s0065

Learning and skills

Belief: Confucian ritual teaching / 孔教 · Relation: name-source-of
Explicit · qingshigao:142:s0149
Belief: the Way and virtue / 道德 · Relation: adherent-of
Explicit · shiji:063:s0015
Skill: learning / 學 · Level: canonical model · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Wei Zheng (魏徵)
Explicit · liangshu:006:s0176

Works and attributed material

損者三友
Explicit · hanshu:105:s0279
Work: Spring and Autumn Annals / 春秋
Explicit · hanshu:065:s0160, hanshu:065:s0233
Work: Xia Minor Calendar / 夏小正 · Relation: associated-with
Explicit · shiji:002:s0261
Work: Daodejing (upper and lower chapters, five thousand-plus words) / 書上下篇…道德之意五千餘言 · Relation: author
Explicit · shiji:063:s0018
Work: Laozi / Daodejing teachings / 老子 · Relation: author
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:034:s0032
Work: saying on slow speech and quick action / 君子欲訥於言而敏於行 · Relation: author
Explicit · shiji:103:s0153
Work: saying on succeeding Zhou ritual forms / 繼周者行夏正乘殷輅服周冕 · Relation: author
Explicit · houhanshu:130:s0037
Work: secret classics / 秘經 · Relation: author
Explicit · houhanshu:034:s0025
Work: Spring and Autumn Annals / 春秋 · Relation: author
Explicit · liaoshi:112:s0014, xinwudaishi:059:s0001, xinwudaishi:059:s0007
Work: Spring and Autumn / 春秋 · Relation: author
Explicit · hanshu:099:s0149
Work: two chapters on emptiness / 虛無之言兩篇 · Relation: author
Explicit · hanshu:099:s0216
Work: Spring and Autumn Annals / 春秋 · Relation: canonical-author-sage
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0133, xinwudaishi:002:s0137
Work: Spring and Autumn Annals / 春秋 · Relation: compiler
Explicit · shiji:013:s0003
Work: Documents / 書 · Relation: editor
Explicit · xinwudaishi:059:s0004
Work: Odes / 詩 · Relation: editor
Explicit · xinwudaishi:059:s0004
Work: Spring and Autumn Annals / 春秋 · Relation: editor
Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0131, xinwudaishi:010:s0133
Work: Temple of King Wenxuan / 文宣王廟 · Relation: honoree
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:005:s0074, jiuwudaishi:005:s0076
Work: Imperial Genealogies / 帝系姓 · Relation: transmitter
Explicit · shiji:001:s0281
Work: Virtues of the Five Emperors / 五帝德 · Relation: transmitter
Explicit · shiji:001:s0281
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Speaker Person Id: Confucius (孔子) · About Person Ids: Zigong (子贛), Yan Hui (顏子)
Explicit · hanshu:103:s0047, hanshu:103:s0048
Kind: assessment · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Zilu (子路) · Quoted: true · Statement: You can govern the levies of a thousand-chariot state.
Explicit · hanshu:025:s0053
Kind: dream-announcement · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Guo Wei (郭威)
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:130:s0127, jiuwudaishi:130:s0132
Kind: judgment · Role: subject · Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · shiji:013:s0006, shiji:013:s0009
Kind: judgment · Role: speaker · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Source Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · shiji:025:s0037
Kind: judgment · Role: speaker · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Speaker Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · jinshi:127:s0049, jinshi:127:s0050
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Other Person Id: Yan Hui (顏子) · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Speaker Person Id: Li Qiyun (李棲筠)
Explicit · xintangshu:044:s0158
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Zigong (賜)
Explicit · weishu:096:s0107
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Speaker Person Id: Confucius (孔子) · Witness Person Id: Yao Cha (姚察)
Explicit · liangshu:016:s0176
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker · Work: Changes / 易 · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Speaker Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Strongly inferred · xinwudaishi:059:s0011, xinwudaishi:059:s0012
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Speaker Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · hanshu:025:s0244, hanshu:025:s0245, hanshu:025:s0259, hanshu:025:s0260, hanshu:025:s0261, hanshu:025:s0262
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report
Explicit · chenshu:036:s0127
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report
Explicit · hanshu:006:s0187
Kind: quotation · Role: attributed-author · Provenance: Mode: quotation · Speaker Person Id: Sima Jizhu (司馬季主) · Source Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · shiji:127:s0069, shiji:127:s0070
Kind: quotation · Role: attributed-author · Provenance: Mode: quotation · Speaker Person Id: Song Zhong (宋忠) · Source Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · shiji:127:s0099
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker · Provenance: Mode: quotation · Source Person Id: Peng Yan (彭偃)
Explicit · jiutangshu:131:s0204
Kind: quotation · Role: quoted-figure · Provenance: Mode: quoted-source
Explicit · nanqishu:021:s0084
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker · Quote: true
Explicit · liaoshi:093:s0102
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker · Quoted: true
Explicit · liangshu:014:s0290, liaoshi:108:s0002, xintangshu:175:s0223
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker · Quoted By Person Id: Jing Xianjun (敬顯儁)
Explicit · beiqishu:025:s0182
Kind: quotation · Role: speaker
Explicit · hanshu:055:s0158, hanshu:085:s0037, qingshigao:353:s0126
Kind: saying · Role: source · Quoted: true · Statement: grief must not destroy one’s nature · Provenance: Mode: direct-quotation · Source Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · weishu:098:s0212
Kind: saying · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Text: grief must not destroy one's nature / 毀不滅性 · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · liangshu:047:s0273
Kind: saying · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Speaker Person Id: Zhao Liang (趙良)
Explicit · shiji:068:s0126
Kind: saying · Role: speaker · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Witness Person Id: Sima Qian (太史公)
Explicit · shiji:103:s0153
Kind: saying · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Statement: A craftsman must sharpen his tools.
Explicit · hanshu:025:s0112
Kind: saying · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Statement: To send the people to war without teaching them is to abandon them.
Explicit · hanshu:025:s0052
Kind: saying · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Topic: governance by virtue and rites
Explicit · hanshu:025:s0147, hanshu:025:s0148
Kind: saying · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Topic: the dependence of just punishment on rites and music
Explicit · hanshu:025:s0149, hanshu:025:s0150
Kind: saying · Role: speaker · Text: 其身正，不令而行；其身不正，雖令不從
Explicit · liangshu:038:s0283, liangshu:038:s0284
Kind: saying · Role: speaker · Text: rarely spoke of profit / 罕言利
Explicit · shiji:074:s0003
Kind: saying · Role: speaker
Explicit · hanshu:091:s0109, hanshu:091:s0206, hanshu:091:s0207, shiji:104:s0071
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · shiji:063:s0003, shiji:063:s0004, shiji:063:s0005, shiji:063:s0006, shiji:063:s0007
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Other Person Id: Zigong (子贛) · Provenance: Mode: quotation
Explicit · houhanshu:108:s0137
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: false · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Speaker Person Id: Ming Taizu (明太祖)
Explicit · mingshi:065:s0033
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Speaker Person Id: Zhan Tong (詹同)
Explicit · mingshi:065:s0029
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: quoted-source · Source Person Id: Su Chuo (蘇綽) · Speaker Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Strongly inferred · zhoushu:023:s0241
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Provenance: Mode: quoted-source · Source Person Id: Su Chuo (蘇綽)
Explicit · zhoushu:023:s0153
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Statement: A gentleman does not dismiss a saying merely because of who said it. / 君子不以人廢言。
Explicit · liaoshi:109:s0005
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true · Text: Whoever may succeed the Zhou should use the Xia calendar, ride the Yin carriage, wear the Zhou cap, and for music adopt the Shao and the Wu. / 其或繼周者，行夏之正，乘殷之輅，服週之冕，樂則《韶》、《舞》。
Explicit · houhanshu:130:s0037
Kind: speech · Role: speaker · Quoted: true
Explicit · chenshu:032:s0001, hanshu:022:s0005, hanshu:022:s0006, hanshu:022:s0007, hanshu:022:s0008, hanshu:022:s0009, hanshu:022:s0010, hanshu:022:s0011, hanshu:022:s0012, hanshu:026:s0071, hanshu:026:s0076, qingshigao:483:s0073, qingshigao:483:s0074, shiji:013:s0062, shiji:013:s0063, shiji:013:s0064, shiji:013:s0065, shiji:023:s0012, shiji:023:s0017, shiji:061:s0011, shiji:061:s0012, shiji:061:s0048, shiji:061:s0049, shiji:061:s0050, shiji:061:s0051, shiji:061:s0054, zhoushu:009:s0150
Kind: speech · Role: speaker
Explicit · liaoshi:104:s0111, liaoshi:104:s0112, shiji:003:s0236, shiji:063:s0008, shiji:063:s0009, shiji:063:s0010, shiji:063:s0011, shiji:063:s0012, shiji:063:s0013
Kind: teaching · Role: speaker · Statement: discussion of the four categories, beginning with virtue and conduct and ending with letters and learning / 論四科，始乎德行，終乎文學 · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Source Person Id: Ruan Xiaoxu (阮孝緒) · Witness Person Id: Yao Cha (姚察)
Explicit · liangshu:030:s0199

Events and relationships

Kind: scholarly · Role: compiler · Action: arranged-and-set-forth-ancient-worthies · Other Person Id: Bo Yi (伯夷)
Explicit · shiji:061:s0009
Kind: scholarly · Role: editor · Action: arranged-annals
Explicit · shiji:013:s0003, shiji:013:s0004, shiji:013:s0006
Kind: scholarly · Role: author · Action: composed · Work: Spring and Autumn Annals / 春秋
Explicit · xinwudaishi:059:s0001
Kind: scholarly · Role: editor · Action: corrected-xia-calendar · Note: Set the Xia calendar straight / 正夏時
Explicit · shiji:002:s0261
Kind: personal · Role: subject · Action: departed-unknown-end · Other Person Id: Yin Xi (尹喜)
Explicit · shiji:063:s0017, shiji:063:s0018
Kind: travel · Role: subject · Action: departed · Place: Zhou / 周
Explicit · shiji:063:s0016
Kind: audience · Role: addressee · Action: did not answer about battle formations · Other Person Id: Duke Ling of Wei (衛靈公)
Explicit · shiji:074:s0041
Kind: ritual · Role: associated-recipient · Action: disciples-received-sacrifice · Place: Lu / 鲁 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 元和二年 · Western Year: AD 85
Explicit · houhanshu:109:s0053
Kind: scholarly · Role: speaker · Action: discussed-former-kings-documents
Explicit · songshi:497:s0004
Kind: scholarly · Role: editor · Action: edited · Work: Odes and Documents / 詩、書
Explicit · xinwudaishi:059:s0004
Kind: legal · Role: authority · Action: executed · Other Person Id: Shaozheng Mao (少正卯)
Explicit · liaoshi:111:s0070
Kind: legal · Role: executed · Action: executed
Explicit · shiji:103:s0096
Kind: meeting · Role: teacher · Action: instructed · Other Person Id: Confucius (孔子) · Place: Zhou / 周
Explicit · shiji:063:s0002, shiji:063:s0003
Kind: travel · Role: departing-sage · Action: left-Lu-and-later-returned
Explicit · hanshu:098:s0055
Kind: scholarly · Role: patron-of-reputation · Action: made-names-more-illustrious · Other Person Id: Bo Yi (伯夷)
Explicit · shiji:061:s0058
Kind: scholarly · Role: speaker · Action: prescribed Xia calendar, Yin carriage, Zhou cap, and Shao and Wu music for a successor to Zhou
Explicit · houhanshu:130:s0037
Kind: ritual · Role: recipient · Action: received-personal-sacrifice · Place: Zhuolong / 濯龙 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 九年 · Western Year: AD 166
Explicit · houhanshu:109:s0065
Kind: ritual · Role: recipient · Action: received-sacrifice · Place: Ku in Chen / 陈国苦县 · Date Context: Source Date: Text: 延熹八年 · Western Year: AD 165
Explicit · houhanshu:109:s0064
Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: received-sacrifice · Place: Qufu / 曲阜
Explicit · xinwudaishi:011:s0098
Kind: ritual · Role: honoree · Action: temple-sacrifice-music-prescribed
Explicit · jiuwudaishi:144:s0183
Kind: personal · Role: victim · Action: threatened at Kuang; gaunt at Chen and Cai
Explicit · shiji:124:s0009
Kind: travel · Role: agent · Action: turned-back-at-the-river-after-Mingdu-killed
Explicit · houhanshu:094:s0363
Kind: hardship · Role: subject · Action: wasted away · Place: Chen and Cai / 陳蔡
Explicit · shiji:074:s0039
Kind: travel · Role: visitor · Action: went-to-ask-rites · Other Person Id: Confucius (孔子) · Place: Zhou / 周
Explicit · shiji:063:s0002
Kind: personal · Role: wearer · Action: wore-broad-sleeved-garment
Explicit · houhanshu:131:s0051
Relation: student-of · Person Id: Confucius (孔子) · Provenance: Mode: commentator-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Zhang Yan (張晏)
Explicit · hanshu:022:s0020
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Confucius (孔子) · Provenance: Mode: commentator-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Zhang Yan (張晏)
Explicit · hanshu:022:s0020
Type: teacher-of · Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · hanshu:020:s0019
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Min Sun (閔)
Strongly inferred · liangshu:030:s0199, liangshu:030:s0201, qingshigao:483:s0120
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Ziyou (子游)
Explicit · jiutangshu:027:s0035
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Ziyou (子游)
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:483:s0120
Relation: critic-of · Person Id: Guan Zhong (管仲)
Explicit · shiji:062:s0067
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Zhi Buyi (直不疑)
Strongly inferred · shiji:103:s0119
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Zilu (子路)
Explicit · jiutangshu:027:s0135, qingshigao:483:s0073
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Zhonggong (仲弓)
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:483:s0120
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Zigong (子贛)
Explicit · houhanshu:108:s0137
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Zigong (子贛)
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:483:s0120
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Lin Fang (林放)
Explicit · jiutangshu:027:s0059
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Yan Hui (顏子)
Strongly inferred · liangshu:030:s0199, liangshu:030:s0201
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Yan Hui (顏子)
Explicit · shiji:061:s0039, xinwudaishi:034:s0005
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Yan Hui (顏子)
Explicit · xintangshu:044:s0158
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Transmitting Sage (宗聖)
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:483:s0117
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Zixia (子夏)
Explicit · jiutangshu:027:s0035, shiji:023:s0016
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Zixia (子夏)
Strongly inferred · liangshu:030:s0199, liangshu:030:s0201, qingshigao:483:s0120
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Kong Ji (孔伋)
Explicit · jiutangshu:027:s0035
Relation: subject-of · Person Id: Duke Ai of Lu (哀公)
Explicit · houhanshu:094:s0328
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Zai Wo (宰予)
Strongly inferred · shiji:001:s0281
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Restoring Sage (复聖)
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:483:s0117
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Ziyou (子游)
Strongly inferred · liangshu:030:s0199, liangshu:030:s0201
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Zigong (賜)
Explicit · weishu:096:s0107
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Youzi (有子)
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:483:s0120
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Zizhang (子張)
Explicit · jiutangshu:027:s0035
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Zizhang (子張)
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:483:s0120
Relation: teacher-of · Person Id: Boniu (伯牛)
Strongly inferred · qingshigao:483:s0120

Assessments and attributes

Assessment: man of reputation (聞) · About Person Id: Lü Buwei (呂不韋) · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report · Source Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · shiji:085:s0099
Assessment: elevated and suppressed in Gaozu's cultural policy · About Person Id: High Ancestor (高祖) · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Wei Zheng (魏徵)
Explicit · liangshu:006:s0145
Assessment: belittled Guan Zhong · Provenance: Mode: historian-report · Other Person Id: Guan Zhong (管仲)
Explicit · shiji:062:s0067
Assessment: cited by Bian Shao as model of silent agreement · Provenance: Mode: quotation · Speaker Person Id: Bian Shao (边韶)
Explicit · houhanshu:089:s0357
Assessment: declined to claim sageliness and perfect benevolence · Provenance: Mode: self-report · Speaker Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · hanshu:022:s0005
Assessment: did not explain causes of solar eclipses and stellar irregularities recorded in the Spring and Autumn · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:059:s0007
Assessment: Did not strike the four usurpers' titles as rulers · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment · Speaker Person Id: yu (予)
Explicit · xinwudaishi:002:s0133
Assessment: discarded fortune-telling among ill omens · Provenance: Mode: commentator-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Sun Sheng (孫盛)
Explicit · sanguozhi:063:s0144
Assessment: Han imperial equipage identified with Confucius riding the Yin road · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · houhanshu:130:s0059
Assessment: Laozi is like a dragon · Other Person Id: Confucius (孔子) · Provenance: Mode: speech · Speaker Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · shiji:063:s0013
Assessment: later pedantic scholars treated his writing of yuan-nian in the Spring and Autumn as that classic’s grand law · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · xinwudaishi:010:s0133
Assessment: profound, reserved, great worthy though not a sage · Provenance: Mode: commentator-judgment · Speaker Person Id: Zhang Yan (張晏)
Explicit · hanshu:022:s0020
Assessment: ridiculed-for-seeking-wealth · Person Id: Zigong (子贛) · Provenance: Mode: named-person-judgment · Source Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · hanshu:103:s0047
Assessment: sage whose virtue covers the people; Way surpasses kings · Provenance: Mode: edict · Speaker Person Id: Xiao Fangzhi (蕭方智)
Explicit · liangshu:006:s0073, liangshu:006:s0074
Assessment: singled out Yan Yuan alone among the seventy disciples as loving learning · Other Person Id: Yan Hui (顏子) · Provenance: Mode: quoted-speech · Speaker Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · shiji:061:s0039
Assessment: supreme sage · Provenance: Mode: quotation · Speaker Person Id: Yelü Bei (耶律倍)
Explicit · liaoshi:072:s0015
Assessment: through non-action the people transform themselves; through pure quiet they correct themselves · Provenance: Mode: historian-judgment
Explicit · shiji:063:s0029
Assessment: used as an exemplar of exceptional wisdom · Provenance: Mode: quoted-source-judgment · Source Person Id: Jia Yi (賈誼)
Explicit · shiji:048:s0187
Assessment: worthy · Person Id: Yan Hui (顏子) · Provenance: Mode: named-person-judgment · Source Person Id: Confucius (孔子)
Explicit · hanshu:103:s0047
Kind: character · Statement: 玄默 / deep and reserved
Explicit · hanshu:022:s0020

Source notes

Field: chronology-vs-Mo-Di · Statement: Some say Mo Di contemporary with Confucius, others after · Other Person Id: Mo Di (墨翟) · Provenance: Mode: named-source-report
Explicit · shiji:074:s0094
Historicity: historical
Explicit · hanshu:026:s0071, jiuwudaishi:040:s0107, liangshu:037:s0084, mingshi:140:s0030, qingshigao:473:s0056, shiji:061:s0009, xintangshu:044:s0158, xinwudaishi:010:s0131, xinwudaishi:059:s0001, xinwudaishi:059:s0004, xinwudaishi:059:s0007, yuanshi:002:s0053, yuanshi:103:s0247, yuanshi:103:s0249, yuanshi:204:s0030
Historicity: legendary
Explicit · houhanshu:109:s0002
Statement: Had seventy-two disciples who received cult at Lu alongside him.
Explicit · houhanshu:109:s0053
Statement: His disciples had nothing on the causes of eclipses and stellar anomalies to transmit to posterity / 故其弟子之徒，莫得有所述於後世也
Explicit · xinwudaishi:059:s0007

References in the histories

Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.

Book of Northern Qi, Chapter 25Volume 25 Biographies 17: Zhang Zuan; Zhang Liang; Zhang Yao; Zhang Qi; Xu Yuan; Wang Jun; Wang Hong · 1 passage