Qin and Han · Religious Leader and Warlord

Zhang Lu 張魯

Attested AD 188 - AD 215

Passages: 7
Chapters: 2
Histories: 1

Overview

Zhang Lu was a Religious Leader and Warlord.

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 188 出為監軍使者，領益州牧
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Three Kingdoms 31, passage 19
AD 211 to AD 214 曹公欲遣將征張魯
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Three Kingdoms 37, passage 129
AD 194 興平元年
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Three Kingdoms 31, passage 55
AD 215 降張魯
Dated from the passage context · Records of the Three Kingdoms 37, passage 206

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Mother of Zhang Lu (張魯母)
mother 母
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 31, passage 19
Sibling of Younger brother of Zhang Lu (張魯弟)
younger brother 弟 · Full siblings
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 31, passage 55

Key source chapters

Source notes

Historicity historical
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 37, passage 206

References in the histories

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 31Volume 31: Book of Shu 1: Biographies of the Two Governor Lius · 5 passages

張魯母始以鬼道，又有少容，常往來焉家，故焉遣魯為督義司馬，住漢中，斷絕谷閣，殺害漢使。 Zhang Lu’s mother practiced spirit mediumship and still looked young; she was a frequent guest in Liu Yan’s house, so Yan appointed Zhang Lu marshal of righteous command and posted him in Hanzhong. Zhang Lu sealed the mountain defiles and murdered imperial messengers.

璋字季玉，既襲焉位，而張魯稍驕恣，不承順璋，璋殺魯母及弟，遂為讎敵。 Liu Zhang, courtesy Jiyu, inherited his father’s post. Zhang Lu grew insolent and defied him, so Liu Zhang executed Lu’s mother and brother, and the two became bitter enemies.

璋累遣龐羲等攻魯，數為所破。 Liu Zhang sent Pang Xi and others against Zhang Lu time and again, only to be routed repeatedly.

魯部曲多在巴西，故以羲為巴西太守，領兵禦魯。 Most of Zhang Lu’s followers were in Ba Commandery, so Liu Zhang named Pang Xi grand administrator there and put him on the northern front against Lu.

璋資給先主，使討張魯，然後分別。 Liu Zhang provisioned Liu Bei and sent him to campaign against Zhang Lu, expecting afterward to go their separate ways.

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 37Volume 37: Book of Shu 7: Biographies of Pang Tong and Fa Zheng · 2 passages

後因璋聞曹公欲遣將征張魯之有懼心也，松遂說璋宜迎先主，使之討魯，復令正銜命。 When Liu Zhang heard Cao Cao might march on Zhang Lu and began to panic, Song argued for inviting Liu Bei to attack Zhang Lu and sent Fa Zheng once more with the summons.

二十二年，正說先主曰：「曹操一舉而降張魯，定漢中，不因此勢以圖巴、蜀，而留夏侯淵、張郃屯守，身遽北還，此非其智不逮而力不足也，必將內有憂偪故耳。 In 217 Fa Zheng told Liu Bei: “Cao Cao crushed Zhang Lu and took Hanzhong but did not push into Ba–Shu—only Yuan and He remain while he races north; either crisis grips his rear or he lacks nerve.