Zhang Wende (張文德)

Overview

Zhang Wende was a general.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Alternate name	Wen Longde	文龍德	Wén Lóngdé

Life and dates

Attested activity

AD 1864 同治三年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passages 181-183
AD 1863 同治二年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passages 178-180
AD 1862 同治元年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passages 174-177
AD 1857 咸豐七年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 168
AD 1859 咸豐九年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 170
AD 1858 咸豐八年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 169

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AD 1856 咸豐六年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 167
AD 1851 to AD 1853 咸豐初
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 166
AD 1861 咸豐十一年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 173
AD 1860 咸豐十年
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passages 171-172

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Child of Adoptive Wen father of Zhang Wende (文氏養父)
adoptive father 養父 · Adoptive parentage
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passages 164, 177
Child of Biological father of Zhang Wende (張文德生父)
biological father 生父 · paternal line
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 177

Career and standing

commander of the Zhenyuan garrison, Guizhou 貴州鎮遠鎮總兵
AD 1862 同治元年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 176
deputy commander of the Luoding garrison, Guangdong 廣東羅定協副將
AD 1861 咸豐十一年 · Appointed
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 173
rank of provincial military commander 提督銜
AD 1863 同治二年 · Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 178
battalion commander 都司
AD 1857 咸豐七年 · Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 168
regimental commander / youji 游擊
AD 1859 咸豐九年 · Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 170
deputy commander 副將
AD 1860 咸豐十年 · Promoted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 171

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platoon leader 把總
AD 1851 to AD 1853 咸豐初 · Recorded
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 166
registered as provincial military commander 提督記名
AD 1864 同治三年 · Registered
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 182
peacock feather 花翎
AD 1858 咸豐八年 · Awarded
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 169
first-rank enfeoffment honors 一品封典
AD 1864 同治三年 · Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 183
Yiyong Baturu 翼勇巴圖魯
AD 1862 同治元年 · Granted
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 176

Places and affiliations

Polity Qing 清 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 165
At Fenghuang Subprefecture, Hunan 湖南鳳凰廳
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 163
Organization Zheng'gan garrison 鎮筸營 · Relation Assigned to
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 165

Works and attributed material

asked to restore Zhang surname and the name Wende
AD 1862 同治元年 · Petition · Author · Paraphrased
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 177

Events and relationships

Broke Mumakou Xue and Bolin
AD 1863 同治二年 · Military · Commander · At Mumakou, Xue Village, Bolin Village 牧馬口、薛村、柏林村
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 178
Campaigned at Jiangning and Luzhou
AD 1851 to AD 1853 咸豐初 · Military · Officer · At Jiangning and Luzhou 江寧、廬州
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 166
Defeated rebels at Boluo and Danyang
AD 1863 同治二年 · Military · Commander · At Boluo Village and Danyang 博洛村、丹陽
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 180
Entered Sanhe alone with surrender proclamation
AD 1856 咸豐六年 · Military · Envoy · With He Chun (和春) · At Sanhe 三河
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 167
Fought on after cannon tore open his belly
AD 1863 同治二年 · Military · Commander · At Haixi and Jianbi 駭溪、諫壁
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 179
Held water palisade seven days under Zhang Guoliang
AD 1860 咸豐十年 · Military · Officer · With Zhang Guoliang (張國樑) · At Zhenjiang 鎮江
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 171

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Recovered Zhenjiang
AD 1857 咸豐七年 · Military · Officer · At Zhenjiang 鎮江
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 168
Repeatedly repelled attacks on Zhenjiang
AD 1862 同治元年 · Military · Defender · At Zhenjiang 鎮江
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 174
Took Baichu and Baoyan
AD 1864 同治三年 · Military · Commander · At Baichu Town and Baoyan 白堍鎮、寶堰
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 181
Took Danyang with Bao Chao
AD 1864 同治三年 · Military · Allied commander · With Bao Chao (鮑超) · At Danyang 丹陽
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 182
Took Pucheng Songxi Zhenghe Chongan
AD 1858 咸豐八年 · Military · Officer · At Fujian 福建
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 169
Relation Subordinate of · Person Badong'a (巴棟阿)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 172
Relation Subordinate of · Person Feng Zicai (馮子材)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 172

Assessments and attributes

Assessment exceptional ability; repeatedly broke assaults and lifted sieges · Mode named-person Source Person Id Feng Zicai (馮子材)
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passage 175

Source notes

From Wen Longde 文龍德 · To Zhang Wende 張文德 · Reason restored Zhang surname because biological father at seventy had no son at home
Directly stated · Draft History of Qing 429, passages 164, 177

References in the histories

Search passages

History

9 passages

Draft History of Qing, Chapter 429Volume 429 Biographies 216: Jiang Zhongyi, Zhou Kuanshi, Shi Qingji, Yu Jichang, Lin Wencha, Zhao Deguang, Zhang Wende · 9 passages

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張文德，湖南鳳凰廳人。 Zhang Wende came from Fenghuang Subprefecture in Hunan.

幼育於文氏，從姓文，名龍德。 Raised from childhood by the Wen family, he took the surname Wen and the name Longde.

六年，從提督和春攻三河賊壘不下，文德請獨身持檄諭賊降，投誠者相繼至，遂克三河。 In 1856, when Provincial Military Commander He Chun's assault on the rebel fort at Sanhe stalled, Wende volunteered to go in alone with a surrender proclamation; defectors came over one after another, and Sanhe fell.

十年，從張國樑解鎮江圍，援賊復至，文德扼水柵七晝夜，賊引去，擢副將。 In 1860 he served under Zhang Guoliang in relieving Zhenjiang; when rebel reinforcements returned, Wende held the water palisade for seven days and nights until they withdrew, and he was made deputy commander.

馮子材奏言：「文德力挫賊鋒，重圍疊解，實為特出之材。」 Feng Zicai memorialized: "Wende has repeatedly broken the rebel assault, lifted one siege after another, and is plainly a man of exceptional ability."

授貴州鎮遠鎮總兵，賜號翼勇巴圖魯。 He was appointed provincial commander of the Zhenyuan garrison in Guizhou and given the title Yiyong Baturu.

文德以生父年七十無子，養父文氏有二子，陳請復姓，更名文德。 Raised as Wen Longde, he petitioned to restore the Zhang surname and take the name Wende because his biological father at seventy had no son while his adoptive Wen family already had two.

賊由東路來犯，文德禦諸駭溪、諫壁，腹中砲，腸出，裹創而戰，援軍至，賊乃退； When rebels struck from the east, Wende met them at Haixi and Jianbi; a cannon ball tore open his belly, yet he wrapped the wound and kept fighting until reinforcements came and the enemy withdrew;

會鮑超攻丹陽，招賊酋蔣鑑為內應，克其城，斬賊酋陳時永，擒賴桂芳，以提督記名。 When Bao Chao besieged Danyang with the rebel chief Jiang Jian as an inside contact, the city fell; rebel chief Chen Shiyong was killed, Lai Guifang was captured, and Wende was entered on the rolls as provincial commander.