Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties · Official and General

Zhang Yi 張裔

Zhāng Yì

First attested AD 211; died AD 230

Passages: 22
Chapters: 1
Histories: 1

Overview

Zhang Yi was an official and General.

Other names

Type	English	Chinese	Pinyin
Courtesy name	Jinsi	君嗣

Life and dates

Death

AD 230 建興八年
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 139

Age

Value: 58 · Reckoning: Sui
At Event return-from-Wu
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 125

Attested activity

AD 211 to AD 230 劉璋時…建興八年卒
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 110, 139
AD 223 to AD 225 送裔於權…還蜀
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 117, 129

Family

Immediate relationships attested in the translated histories.

Parent of Zhang Mao (張毣)
son 子
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 140

Career and standing

Administrator of Ba 巴郡太守
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 113
Administrator of Yizhou 益州太守
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 115
Army Adviser and Acting Chief Clerk 參軍…留府長史
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 129-130
General of the Gentlemen for Metals 司金中郎將
Appointed
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 113
General Who Assists Han 輔漢將軍
Promoted
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 138

Places and affiliations

Polity Shu Han 蜀漢 · Relation Served
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 113
At Chengdu in Shu commandery 蜀郡成都
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 107

Learning and skills

Gongyang Spring and Autumn 公羊春秋
Relation Studied
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 108
Nominated
Credential Filial and Incorrupt 孝廉
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 110

Works and attributed material

Speech · Speaker · With Sun Quan (孫權)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 122, 124-125

Events and relationships

Sent to Wu
Diplomatic · Captive envoy
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 117
Relation Friend of · Person Yang Gong (楊恭)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 135
Relation Guardian of · Person Son of Yang Gong
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passages 135-136

Assessments and attributes

Assessment quick and capable like Zhong Yao · Mode named-speaker Speaker Xu Jing (許靖)
Directly stated · Records of the Three Kingdoms 41, passage 109

References in the histories

Search passages

History

22 passages

Records of the Three Kingdoms, Chapter 41Volume 41: Book of Shu 11: Biographies of Huo, Wang, Xiang, Zhang, Yang, and Fei · 22 passages

張裔字君嗣，蜀郡成都人也。 Zhang Yi, styled Jinsi, was a native of Chengdu in Shu commandery.

汝南許文休入蜀，謂裔干裡敏捷，是中夏鐘元常之倫也。 Xu Jing of Runan, on entering Shu, pronounced Zhang Yi as quick and capable in office as Zhong Yao of the central plain.

張飛自荊州由墊江入，璋授裔兵，拒張飛於德陽陌下，軍敗，還成都。 When Zhang Fei marched in from Jingzhou via Dianjiang, Liu Zhang gave Zhang Yi troops to block him on the Deyang plain; Yi was beaten and withdrew to Chengdu.

為璋奉使詣先主，先主許以禮其君而安其人也，裔還，城門乃開。 Zhang Yi went to Liu Bei as Liu Zhang’s envoy; Liu Bei pledged to honor Zhang’s lord and spare the people, whereupon Yi returned and the gates were opened.

先主以裔巴郡太守，還為司金中郎將，典作農戰之器。 Liu Bei first made him governor of Ba, then recalled him as general of the household for metals to oversee farm tools and weapons.

乃以裔為益州太守，逕往至郡。 Zhang Yi was therefore named governor of Yizhou and went straight to his post.

闓遂趑趄不賓，假鬼教曰：「張府君如瓠壺，外雖澤而內實粗，不足殺，令縛與吳。」 Yong Kai therefore hesitated and refused to submit. Pretending to relay a ghostly command, he said, "Administrator Zhang is like a gourd vessel: glossy on the outside but coarse within. He is not worth killing; bind him and hand him over to Wu."

於是遂送裔於權。 They then sent Zhang Yi as a captive to Sun Quan.

會先主薨，諸葛亮遣鄧芝使吳，亮令芝言次可從權請裔。 When Liu Bei died, Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi to Wu and told him to seize an opening to ask Sun Quan for Zhang Yi’s release.

裔自至吳數年，流徒伏匿，權未之知也，故許芝遣裔。 Zhang Yi had spent years in Wu in obscurity, and Sun Quan had lost track of him, so he agreed to let Deng Zhi take him back.

裔臨發，權乃引見。 Just before Zhang Yi sailed, Sun Quan finally received him in audience.

問裔曰：「蜀卓氏寡女，亡奔司馬相如，貴土風俗何以乃爾乎？」 He asked Yi saying, "Shu's Zhuo clan's widowed daughter fled to join Sima Xiangru—how is it that your land's customs are thus?"

裔對曰：「愚以為卓氏之寡女，猶賢於買臣之妻。」 Yi replied saying, "Your foolish servant thinks the Zhuo clan's widowed daughter was still worthier than Mai Chen's wife."

權又謂裔曰：「君還，必用事西朝，終不作田父子閭裡也，將何以報我？」 Sun Quan also said to Zhang Yi, "When you return, you are certain to hold power at the western court. You will not end up as a farmer living with your sons in the lanes. How will you repay me?"

裔對曰：「裔負罪而歸，將委命有司。 Yi replied saying, "Yi bearing guilt returns, will entrust his life to the authorities.

權言笑歡悅，有器裔之色。 Sun Quan laughed and showed open regard for him.

裔出閣，深悔不能陽愚，即便就船，倍道兼行。 Leaving the hall, Zhang Yi regretted he had not played the fool; he went straight to the boat and raced homeward at double speed.

權果追之，裔已入永安界數十里，追者不能及。 Sun Quan did send pursuers, but Zhang Yi was already dozens of li inside Yong’an and they could not overtake him.

亮出駐漢中，裔以射聲校尉領留府長史，常稱曰：「公賞不遺遠，罰不阿近，爵不可以無功取，刑不可以貴勢免，此賢愚之所以僉忘其身者也。」 When Zhuge Liang went out to garrison Hanzhong, Zhang Yi, as Colonel of the She-sheng Archers, served concurrently as chief clerk of the rear headquarters. He often said, "The Duke's rewards do not overlook those far away, and his punishments do not favor those close to him. Rank cannot be taken without merit, and punishment cannot be escaped through noble power. This is why worthy and foolish alike forget themselves in his service."

其明年，北詣亮諮事，送者數百，車乘盈路，裔還書與所親曰：「近者涉道，晝夜接客，不得寧息，人自敬丞相長史，男子張君嗣附之，疲倦欲死。」 The next year, when he went north to consult Zhuge Liang on affairs, several hundred people saw him off and carriages filled the road. Zhang Yi later wrote to close friends, "Recently on the road I have had to receive guests day and night, with no chance for quiet rest. People honor the Chancellor's chief clerk, and Zhang Junsi, poor man, is carried along by it until he is nearly dead with fatigue."

少與犍為楊恭友善，恭早死，遺孤未數歲，裔迎留，與分屋而居，事恭母如母。 In youth he had befriended Yang Gong of Qianwei; when Gong died leaving a small child, Zhang Yi took the boy in, housed him separately, and honored Gong’s mother as his own.

恭之子息長大，為之娶婦，買田宅產業，使立門戶。 When the boy grew up, Zhang Yi found him a wife, bought land and a house, and set him up with his own household.