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Overview Names Identity Roles Life and dates Career and standing Learning and skills Works and attributed material Events and relationships Assessments and attributes References in the histories
Overview The translated histories identify Zhu Xi as an official, philosopher, scholar, and teacher. This record brings together 25 passages from 6 chapters across 3 histories, with names, dates, relationships, offices, and events preserved as source-backed claims.
Names Type English Chinese Pinyin
Personal
Zhu Xi
朱子
Zhu Xi
Posthumous name
Master Wengong
文公
Title
Master Zhu
朱子
Personal
Master Zhu
朱子
Zhuzi
Posthumous
Wengong
文公
Personal
Xi
熹
Given
Xi
熹
Surname
Zhu
硃
Zhu
Personal
Zhu Xi
Zhu Xi
Personal
Zhu Xi
朱熹
Zhu Xi
Personal
Zhu Xi
朱熹
Personal
Zhu Xi
朱
Zhu
Identity
Historicity Historical
Identification Named
Sex Male Roles Official Philosopher Scholar Teacher Writer Life and dates Attested activity Western Interval: Start: AD 1852End: AD 1865Source Date: Text: learning references in Wu and Li biographies
Source Date: Text: 宋代學者Western Interval: Start: AD 1011End: AD 1200
Source Date: Text: 康熙三十七年Western Year: AD 1698
Source Date: Text: 文公Western Interval: Start: AD 1130End: AD 1200
Source Date: Text: 朱熹力言之Western Interval: Start: AD 1165End: AD 1189
Source Date: Text: 理宗紹定四年Western Year: AD 1231
Source Date: Text: 紹熙五年Western Year: AD 1194
Career and standing Label: Academician attendant / 待制Action: held
Label: Lecturer at the lecture throne / 講筵Action: held
Status: under-censureAction: entered
Label: requested revocation of academician title / 乞追奪待制Action: requestedNegated: true
Works and attributed material Work: illustrated temple diagrams / 圖本Relation: author
Kind: deliberationRole: authorQuoted: true
Explicit ·
songshi:107:s0181 ,
songshi:107:s0182 ,
songshi:107:s0183 ,
songshi:107:s0184 ,
songshi:107:s0185 ,
songshi:107:s0186 ,
songshi:107:s0187 ,
songshi:107:s0188 ,
songshi:107:s0189 ,
songshi:107:s0190 ,
songshi:107:s0191 ,
songshi:107:s0192 ,
songshi:107:s0193 ,
songshi:107:s0194 ,
songshi:107:s0195 Kind: letter ·
Role: author ·
Other Person Id: Zhao Ruyu (趙汝愚) ·
Quoted: trueKind: speechRole: speaker
Assessments and attributes Assessment: great-Ru-scholar ·
Provenance: Mode: named-person-judgmentSpeaker Person Id: Du Zheng (度正) References in the histories Open any source group to read the Chinese and English passage in context.
Draft History of Qing, Chapter 275 Volume 275 Biographies 62: Ge Er Gu De, Zhao Shilin, Guo Shilong, Fu Lata, Ma Rulong · 1 passage
Draft History of Qing, Chapter 391 Volume 391 Biographies 178: Wo Ren, Li Tangjie, Wu Tingdong · 4 passages
Draft History of Qing, Chapter 483 Volume 483 Biographies 270: Confucian Scholars 4: Kong Yinzhi Son: Xing Xie, Yu Qi Son: Chuan Duo, Guang Qi Son: Zhao Huan, Sun :Xianpei, Zeng Sun : Qing Rong, Zeng Sun : Fan Hao, Xuan Sun : Xiang Ke, Lai Sun : Ling Yi · 1 passage
History of Song, Chapter 107 Volume 107 Treatises 60: Rites 10 · 10 passages
時朱熹在講筵，獨入議狀，條其不可者四，大略 云：「準尚書吏部牒，集議四祖祧主宜有所歸。
Zhu Xi, then at the lecture throne, alone submitted objections in four points, stating in substance: "According to the Ministry dispatch, deliberation is sought on where the four removed ancestral tablets should be placed.
熹先以所論畫為圖本，貼說詳盡，至是出以奏陳久之。
Xi had first drawn his arguments into illustrated diagrams with detailed explanations attached; now he presented them to the throne and memorialized at length.
熹方懲內批之弊，因乞降出劄子，再令臣僚集議，上亦然之。
Xi, mindful of the abuse of direct palace approvals, therefore begged that the memorial be released for publication and that officials be summoned again for collective deliberation; the emperor agreed.
熹既退，即進擬詔意，以上意諭廟堂，則聞已毀四祖廟而遷之矣。
After Xi withdrew, he submitted a draft of the edict's intent to convey the emperor's wishes to the temple administration, but then learned that the four ancestral temples had already been dismantled and relocated.
熹時以得罪，遺汝愚書曰：「相公以宗子入輔王室，而無故輕納妄議，拆祖宗之廟以快 其私，欲望神靈降歆，垂休錫羨，以永國祚於無窮，其可得乎？」
Xi, then under censure, wrote Ruyu: "You entered as an imperial clansman to assist the throne, yet lightly accepted reckless deliberation, dismantling ancestral temples for private ends—can spirits descend and extend the nation's fortune forever?"
熹以為非所以祝延壽康之意，深不然之，因自劾 不堪言語侍從之選，乞追奪待制，不許。
Xi held this not conducive to prayers for longevity, deeply disapproved, and requested removal from attendance—asking revocation of his academician title; this was refused.
太常少卿度正言：「伏見近世大儒侍講朱熹詳考古禮，尚論宗廟之制，畫而為圖，其說甚備。
Vice Director Du Zheng stated: "The great Ru scholar Zhu Xi, lecturer of recent times, examined ancient ritual in detail, discussed ancestral temple institutions, illustrated them in diagrams, and his exposition was very complete.
其一，純用朱熹之說，謂本朝廟製未合於古，因畫為圖，謂僖祖如周後稷，當為本朝始祖。
The first wholly adopts Zhu Xi's theory, holding our temple design uncanonical; in his diagram Emperor Xi, like Zhou's Hou Ji, should be founding ancestor.
其一說，則因本朝之制，而參以朱熹之說。
The second follows our institutions while incorporating Zhu Xi's theory.
今來朝廷若能舉行朱熹前議，固無以加；
If the court can implement Zhu Xi's former proposal, nothing could be better;
History of Song, Chapter 469 Volume 469 Biographies 228: Eunuchs 4: Shao Chengzhang, Lan Gui Kanglu, Feng Yi, Zhang Quwei, Chen Yuan, Gan Bian, Wang Deqian, Guan Li, Dong Songchen · 2 passages
History of Yuan, Chapter 171 Volume 171 Biographies 58: Liu Yin, Wu Cheng · 7 passages
及得周、程、張、邵、朱、呂之書，一見能發其微，曰：「我固謂當有是也。」
When he came upon the works of Zhou Dunyi, the Cheng brothers, Zhang Zai, Shao Yong, Zhu Xi, and Lü Zuqian, he grasped their subtleties at once and said, "I always knew such teaching must exist."
朱子，極其大，盡其精，而貫之以正也。」
Zhu Xi carried breadth to its limit, refinement to its fullness, and threaded everything through with rectitude."
先是，許文正公衡為祭酒，始以《朱子小學》等書授弟子，久之，漸失其舊。
Earlier, when Xu Heng served as Director of Education, he had first used Zhu Xi's Elementary Learning and related books to instruct his disciples; over time this practice gradually lapsed.
皇慶元年，升司業，用程純公《學校奏疏》、胡文定公《六學教法》、朱文公《學校貢舉私議》，約之為教法四條：一曰經學，二曰行實，三曰文藝，四曰治事，未及行。
In the first year of Huangqing (1312) he was promoted to Vice Director. Drawing on Cheng Chun's Memorial on Schools, Hu Anguo's Six-Learning Teaching Method, and Zhu Xi's Private Discussion on School Recommendation and Examination, he distilled them into four articles of teaching method: classical learning, conduct, literary accomplishment, and administration of affairs—before they could be put into practice.
又嘗為學者言：「朱子於道問學之功居多，而陸子靜以尊德性為主。
He also once told his students, "Zhu Xi's achievement lay chiefly in the Way through inquiry and learning, while Lu Xiangshan focused on honoring moral nature.
議者遂以澄為陸氏之學，非許氏尊信朱子本意，然亦莫知朱、陸之為何如也。
Critics thereupon labeled Wu Cheng a follower of Lu Xiangshan's school, not in keeping with Xu Heng's original intent of revering Zhu Xi—yet they also did not truly understand what Zhu and Lu represented.
近古之統：周子其元，程、張其亨也，朱子其利也，孰為今日之貞乎？
The lineage of recent antiquity: Zhou Dunyi is the Origin, the Cheng brothers and Zhang Zai the Flourishing, Zhu Xi the Advantage—who is today's Steadfastness?