1
日月五星恆星黃赤道十二次值宿昏旦中星
Sun and Moon, the Five Planets, Fixed Stars, the Yellow and Red Paths, the Twelve Stations, Assigned Lodges, and Dusk-and-Dawn Meridian Stars
2
日月五星自古言天之精者，知日月五星為渾象而已。 近代西人制大遠鏡，測得諸曜形體及附近小星暈氣各種，古今不同，就其著者錄焉。
Since antiquity, heaven's "essence" was understood as no more than the sun, moon, and five planets modeled on the armillary sphere. Recently Westerners built great telescopes and mapped planetary bodies, companion stars, halos, and vapors as their authors recorded—unlike anything known in antiquity.
3
日之面有小黑形，常運行二十八日滿一周。 月之面以日光正照顯明景，偏照顯黑景。 其面有凹凸，故雖全明之中，亦有淡黑雜景。
Sunspots appear on the solar disk and complete one revolution in twenty-eight days. Full sunlight on the moon yields bright terrain; grazing light yields shadowed terrain. Lunar relief leaves faint dark patches even at full phase.
4
土星之體，彷彿卵形，舊測謂旁有兩耳，今測近於赤道星面相逼甚窄，於遠赤道所宕甚寬。 旁有排定小星五點，最近第一星，約行二日弱； 第二星行三日弱； 第三星行四日半強； 第四星略大，行十六日； 第五星行八十日。 俱旋行土星一周。
Saturn appears egg-shaped; older observers spoke of "ears," but telescopes show a narrow ring edge-on near the equatorial stars and a broad ring when seen obliquely. Five attendant stars lie beside it; the innermost completes a circuit in just over two days; the second in just over three; the third in about four and a half days; the fourth, somewhat larger, in sixteen days; the fifth in eighty days. All orbit Saturn once per revolution.
5
木星之面，常有平行暗景，外有小星四點。 第一星行一日七十三刻； 第二星行三日五十三刻； 第三星略大，行七日十六刻； 第四星行十六日七十二刻。 俱旋行木星一周。
Jupiter shows parallel dark belts with four small stars outside. The innermost moon: one day and seventy-three quarters; the second: three days and fifty-three quarters; the third, larger: seven days and sixteen quarters; the fourth: sixteen days and seventy-two quarters. All orbit Jupiter once per revolution.
6
火星之面，內有無定黑景。
Mars shows shifting dark markings on its disk.
7
金、水星俱借日為光，合朔弦望如月。
Venus and Mercury shine by reflected sunlight and show lunar-like phases from conjunction through full.
8
恆星曆象考成云：「恆星之名，見於春秋，而四仲中星及斗、牽牛、織女、參、昴、箕、畢、大火、農祥、龍尾、鳥帑、元駟、元黿之屬，散見於尚書、易、詩、左傳、國語。 至周禮春官馮相氏掌二十八星之位，而禮記月令、大戴禮夏小正稍具諸星見伏之節。 蓋古者敬天勤民，因時出政，皆以星為紀。 秦炬之後，羲和舊術，無復可稽，其傳者惟史記天官書，而所載簡略。 後漢張衡云：『中外之官，常明者百有二十四，可名者三百二十，為星二千五百』，而其書不傳。 至三國時，太史令陳卓始列巫咸、甘、石三家所著星圖，總二百八十三官，一千四百六十四星。 隋丹元子作步天歌，敘三垣二十八宿，共一千四百六十七星，為觀象之津梁，然尚未有各星經緯度數。 自唐、宋而後，諸家以儀象考測，始有各星入宿去極度分，視古加密。
The Fixed Stars section of the Calendar Compilation notes: star names appear in the Spring and Autumn Annals; midpoint stars of the four seasons and groups such as the Dipper, Ox, Weaver, Shen, Mao, Ji, Bi, Great Fire, Nongxiang, Dragon Tail, Bird Banner, Yuanji, and Yuanyuan recur across the Classics. The Zhou Ritual's astronomer tracked the twenty-eight mansions; the Monthly Ordinances and Great Dai's Summer Annals further fixed when stars rose and set. Ancient rulers revered heaven, served the people, and timed policy by the stars. After the Qin bibliocaust the Xihe tradition was lost; only Sima Qian's Heavenly Offices survives, and briefly. Zhang Heng of Later Han wrote that 124 offices shone constantly, 320 could be named, and 2,500 stars were counted—but his treatise is lost. In the Three Kingdoms, Chen Zhuo compiled star maps by Wu Xian, Gan, and Shi: 283 offices and 1,464 stars. Dan Yuanzi's Steps to Heaven Song (Sui) listed the Three Enclosures and Twenty-eight Mansions—1,467 stars—as a sky-watcher's guide, but gave no per-star coordinates. From Tang and Song, instrument surveys yielded lodge longitudes and polar distances for individual stars—far finer than older catalogs.
9
「新法算書恆星圖表，共星一千二百六十六，分為六等：第一等星一十七，第二等星五十七，第三等星一百八十五，第四等星三百八十九，第五等星三百二十三，第六等星二百九十五，外無名不入等者四百五十九。 康熙壬子年欽天監新修儀象志，恆星亦分六等，而其數微異。 第一等星一十六，第二等星六十八，第三等星二百零八，第四等星五百一十二，第五等星三百四十二，第六等星七百三十二，共計一千八百七十八。 蓋觀星者以目之所能辨，因其相近，聯綴成象而命之名。 其微茫昏暗者，多不可考。 故各家星官之數，多少不能畫一。 然列宿及諸大星，則古今中西如一轍也。」
"The New Methods Calculation Book catalogs 1,266 stars in six magnitudes: 17 of the first, 57 of the second, 185 of the third, 389 of the fourth, 323 of the fifth, 295 of the sixth, plus 459 ungraded and unnamed. The Kangxi Directorate's 1672 Observational Instruments Treatise also ranks stars in six grades, with slightly different totals. Sixteen of the first magnitude, sixty-eight of the second, 208 of the third, 512 of the fourth, 342 of the fifth, 732 of the sixth—1,878 in all. Observers group stars the eye can resolve into figures and name them. Faint stars mostly defy reliable identification. So star-office totals differ from school to school. Major mansions and bright stars nonetheless agree across antiquity, China, and the West. (closing quotation mark in the source.)
10
又云：「恆星行即古歲差也，古法俱謂恆星不動，而黃道西移； 今謂黃道不動，而恆星東行。 蓋使恆星不動而黃道西移，則恆星之黃道經緯度宜每歲不同，而赤道經緯度宜終古不變。 今測恆星之黃道經度，每歲東行，而緯度不變。 至於赤道經度，則逐歲不同，而緯度尤甚。 自星紀至鶉首六宮之星，在赤道南者，緯度古多而今漸少，在赤道北者反是。 自鶉首至星紀六宮之星，在赤道南者，緯度古少而今漸多，在赤道北者反是。 凡距赤道二十三度半以內之星，在赤道北者，可以過赤道南，在赤道南者，亦可以過赤道北，則恆星循黃道東行，而非黃道之西移明矣。 新法算書載西人第谷以前，或云恆星百年而東行一度，或云七十餘年而東行一度，或云六十餘年而東行一度，隨時修改，訖無定數，與古人屢改歲差相同。 迨至第谷，方定恆星每歲東行五十一秒，約七十年有餘而行一度，而元郭守敬所定歲差之數亦為近之。 至今一百四十餘年，驗之於天，雖無差忒，但星行微渺，必歷多年，其差乃見。 然則第谷所定之數，亦未可泥為定率，惟隨時測驗，依天行以推其數可也。」
It adds: "Apparent fixed-star motion is precession. Classical theory held stars fixed while the ecliptic drifted westward; modern theory holds the ecliptic fixed and stars drifting eastward. If stars were fixed and only the ecliptic moved west, stellar ecliptic coordinates would change yearly but equatorial ones would not. Measurement shows ecliptic longitude increasing eastward yearly with latitude constant. Equatorial longitude changes annually; latitude changes even more. From Xingji through Zuishou, stars south of the equator show higher ancient latitudes that now decrease; northern stars show the opposite. From Zuishou back to Xingji, southern stars show lower ancient latitudes that now increase; northern stars reverse again. Stars within 23.5° of the equator can cross it north or south—proof that stars move east along the ecliptic rather than the ecliptic sliding west. Before Tycho, Westerners guessed precession at one degree per century, per seventy-odd years, or per sixty-odd—each revision unsettled, mirroring China's shifting precession rates. Tycho fixed annual eastward motion at 51 seconds—about one degree in seventy years—close to Guo Shoujing's Yuan rate. Observations over 140 years show no error yet, though such minute drift needs centuries to expose. Tycho's rate should not be treated as eternal; periodic measurement must track heaven's actual motion. (closing quotation mark in the source.)
11
儀象考成云：「康熙十三年，監臣南懷仁修儀象志，星名與古同者，總二百五十九座，一千一百二十九星，比步天歌少二十四座，三百三十五星。 又於有名常數之外，增五百九十七星。 又多近南極星二十三座，一百五十星。 近年以來，累加測驗，星官度數，儀象志尚多未合。 又星之次第多不序順，亦宜釐正。 於是逐星測量，推其度數，觀其形象，序其次第，著之於圖。 計三垣二十八宿，星名與古同者，總二百七十七座，一千三百一十九星，比儀象志多十八座，一百九十星，與步天歌為近。 其尤與古合者，二十八宿次舍，自古皆觜宿在前，參宿在後，其以何星作距，古無明文。 唐書云：『古以參右肩為距』，失之太遠。 文獻通考載宋兩朝天文志云：『觜三星，距西南星； 參十星，距中星西一星。』 西法，觜宿距中上星，參宿亦距中西一星。 今按觜宿中上星在西南星前僅六分餘，而西南星小，中上星大，則以中上星作距可也。 若參宿以中西一星作距星，則觜宿之黃道度已在參宿後一度餘，即赤道度亦在參宿後三十一分餘。 今依次順序，以參宿中三星之東一星作距星，則觜宿黃道度恆在參前一度弱，與觜前參後之序合。 其餘諸座之星，皆以次順序，無凌躐顛倒之弊。 又於有名常數之外，增一千六百一十四星。 近某座者即名某座增星，依次分註方位，以備稽考。 其近南極星二十三座，一百五十星，中國所不見，仍依西測之舊。 共計恆星三百座，三千八十三星。」
The Compendium records: in 1674 Verbiest revised the star catalog to 259 offices and 1,129 named stars matching antiquity—24 offices and 335 stars fewer than the Steps to Heaven Song. Another 597 stars were added beyond the classical named set. Twenty-three south polar offices with 150 stars were added. Recent remeasurements show many coordinates still diverging from Verbiest's treatise. Star sequences, too, were often out of order and needed correction. Officials then measured each star, derived coordinates, noted figures, fixed sequence, and charted the sky anew. The revised Three Enclosures and Twenty-eight Mansions list 277 offices and 1,319 classical stars—18 offices and 190 stars more than Verbiest, nearer the Steps to Heaven Song. Classical lodge order always placed Zi (Mouth) before Shen (Three Stars); which star was the determining star remained undocumented. The Tang History claims the ancient determining star for Shen was its right shoulder—far too remote. The Wenxian Tongkao quotes Song astronomical treatises: "For Zi's three stars, the determining star is the southwestern one; for Shen's ten stars, the star one step west of the center." Western method makes Zi's determining star the central upper star and Shen's the star west of center. Zi's central upper star precedes the southwestern by only six minutes and is brighter—so it rightly serves as determining star. If Shen's determining star is west of center, Zi's ecliptic longitude falls over a degree past Shen—thirty-one minutes past in equatorial longitude. Taking the eastern of Shen's central trio as determining star keeps Zi about one degree ahead of Shen, preserving classical Zi-before-Shen order. Other mansions were sequenced likewise, without leap or reversal. Another 1,614 supplemental stars were catalogued. Stars near a mansion were labeled as its supplemental stars with positional notes for lookup. Twenty-three south polar offices (150 stars) unseen in China retain Western survey coordinates. In all: 300 offices and 3,083 stars. (closing quotation mark in the source.)
12
黃赤道十二次值宿古者分十二次即節氣，故冬至為丑中，春分為戌中，夏至為未中，秋分為辰中。 後人則以中氣，而冬至在星紀之初。 古不知列宿循黃道東行，且不見有歲差，即以所在星象名其次，故奎、婁為降婁，房、心、尾為大火，後人悉仍其名，而星象之更則不論。 積數千年，將所謂蒼龍、玄武、白虎、硃雀之四象且易其方，然則十二次之名，存古意爾。 今以康熙甲子年推定十二次初度所值宿，及乾隆甲子年改定十二次初度所值宿，並紀於左。
The twelve ecliptic stations originally aligned with solar terms: winter solstice at mid-Chou, spring equinox at mid-Xu, summer solstice at mid-Wei, autumn equinox at mid-Chen. Later astronomers used mid-climate points, placing winter solstice at the beginning of Xingji. Unaware of precession, ancients named stations for then-current constellations—so Kui-Lou became Jianglou and Fang-Heart-Tail Great Fire—names later generations kept though the stars moved on. Given millennial drift, even the Four Symbols would swap quadrants; the twelve station names preserve only ancient meaning. Below are lodge assignments at each station's initial degree for Kangxi jiazi (1684) and the Qianlong jiazi revision.
13
康熙甲子年黃道十二次初度值宿：
Kangxi jiazi (1684)—ecliptic twelve stations, initial-degree lodges:
14
星紀箕三度一十分；
Xingji: Ji 3° 10';
15
元枵牽牛初度二十三分；
Yuanxiao: Ox 0° 23';
16
娵訾危一度；
Juzi: Wei 1°;
17
降婁營室一十度五十七分；
Jianglou: Encampment (Shi) 10° 57';
18
大梁婁初度二十七分；
Daliang: Lou 0° 27';
19
實沈昴五度一十二分；
Shishen: Mao 5° 12';
20
鶉首觜觿一十度三十八分；
Zuishou: Zi (Mouth) 10° 38';
21
鶉火東井二十九度零五分；
Zhuohuo: Well (Jing) 29° 5';
22
鶉尾七星七度零四分；
Zhuowei: Seven Stars 7° 4';
23
壽星翼一十度三十七分；
Shouxing: Wings 10° 37';
24
大火角一十度三十四分；
Dahuo: Horn 10° 34';
25
析木房一度三十九分。
Ximu: Room 1° 39'.
26
康熙甲子年赤道十二次初度值宿：
Kangxi jiazi (1684)—equatorial twelve stations, initial-degree lodges:
27
星紀箕三度三十九分；
Xingji: Ji 3° 39';
28
元枵南斗二十三度二十七分；
Yuanxiao: Southern Dipper 23° 27';
29
娵訾危二度三十四分；
Juzi: Wei 2° 34';
30
降婁東壁初度四十二分；
Jianglou: Eastern Wall 0° 42';
31
大梁婁五度四十二分；
Daliang: Lou 5° 42';
32
實沈昴八度四十分；
Shishen: Mao 8° 40';
33
鶉首觜觿一十度二十九分；
Zuishou: Zi (Mouth) 10° 29';
34
鶉火東井二十九度；
Zhuohuo: Well (Jing) 29°;
35
鶉尾張五度五十七分；
Zhuowei: Extended Net (Zhang) 5° 57';
36
壽星軫初度零二分；
Shouxing: Axle Hub (Zhen) 0° 2';
37
大火亢一度；
Great Fire: Gape, 1°.
38
析木房五度零三分。
Split Wood: Room, 5° 0′ 3″.
39
乾隆甲子年黃道十二次初度值宿：
Qianlong jiazi year—ecliptic twelve stations, initial-degree lodge values:
40
星紀箕二度一十九分一十三秒；
Xingji: Sack, 2° 19′ 13″;
41
元枵南斗二十三度二十四分一十八秒；
Yuanshao: Southern Dipper, 23° 24′ 18″;
42
娵訾危初度一十二分四十四秒；
Juzi: Rooftop initial degree, 12′ 44″;
43
降婁營室一十度五分四十七秒；
Jianglou: Encampment, 10° 5′ 47″;
44
大梁奎一十一度八分五十二秒；
Daliang: Legs, 11° 8′ 52″;
45
實沈昴四度九分三十九秒；
Shishen: Hairy Head, 4° 9′ 39″;
46
鶉首參八度五十五分一十五秒；
Chunshou: Three Stars, 8° 55′ 15″;
47
鶉火東井二十八度一十六分五十秒；
Chunhuo: Eastern Well, 28° 16′ 50″;
48
鶉尾七星六度一十七分一秒；
Chunwei: Seven Stars, 6° 17′ 1″;
49
壽星翼九度四十八分一十七秒；
Shouxing: Wings, 9° 48′ 17″;
50
大火角九度四十三分三十九秒；
Dahuo: Horn, 9° 43′ 39″;
51
析木房初度三十七分三十五秒。
Ximu: Room initial degree, 37′ 35″.
52
乾隆甲子年赤道十二次初度值宿：
Qianlong jiazi year—equatorial twelve stations, initial-degree lodge values:
53
星紀箕二度四十分一十四秒；
Xingji: Sack, 2° 40′ 14″;
54
元枵南斗二十二度三十五分四十七秒；
Yuanshao: Southern Dipper, 22° 35′ 47″;
55
娵訾危一度五十分二十七秒；
Juzi: Rooftop, 1° 50′ 27″;
56
降婁營室一十七度零三十八秒；
Jianglou: Encampment, 17° 0′ 38″;
57
大梁婁四度五十二分三十三秒；
Daliang: Harvest, 4° 52′ 33″;
58
實沈昴七度三十四分三秒；
Shishen: Hairy Head, 7° 34′ 3″;
59
鶉首參八度一分五十五秒；
Chunshou: Three Stars, 8° 1′ 55″;
60
鶉火井二十八度八分一十五秒；
Chunhuo: Well, 28° 8′ 15″;
61
鶉尾張五度一十二分一秒；
Chunwei: Spread, 5° 12′ 1″;
62
壽星翼一十八度八分三十一秒；
Shouxing: Wings, 18° 8′ 31″;
63
大火亢初度一十分三十秒；
Dahuo: Gape initial degree, 10′ 30″;
64
析木房四度八分一十七秒。
Ximu: Room, 4° 8′ 17″.
65
昏旦中星自虞書紀四仲昏中之星，而月令並舉逐月昏旦。 然虞書仲冬星昴，月令則昏中東壁，相去約二千年，中星相差四宿。 雖由歲差之故，而古法疏略無度分，固難深論也。 今以康熙壬子年所定恆星經緯度，推得雍正元年癸卯各節氣昏旦中星列於志。 若求乾隆九年甲子以後各節氣昏旦中星，則當按乾隆甲子年改定恆星經緯度備推焉。
Dusk-and-dawn meridian stars begin in the Book of Yu with the four seasons' dusk culminations; the Monthly Ordinances give dusk and dawn month by month. The Book of Yu has Hairy Head at mid-winter culmination; the Monthly Ordinances have Eastern Wall at dusk—two millennia apart, four lodges between them. Precession explains the drift, but old methods lack fine degrees and minutes—there is little ground for a close dispute. Using Kangxi renzi fixed-star coordinates, we derive Yongzheng guimao dusk-and-dawn meridian stars for each solar term and list them here. For solar terms after Qianlong 9 jiazi, use the Qianlong jiazi fixed-star revision as the basis for calculation.
66
春分系交節初日，後同。 昏北河二中偏西四度三十四分。 旦尾中偏東一度七分。
Spring Equinox uses the term's first day; later entries follow the same rule. Dusk: North River 2, 4° 34′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Tail, 1° 7′ east of the meridian.
67
因無當中之星，故用近中之星而紀其偏度。 又星宿並用第一星，間有第一星距中太遠而用餘星者，則紀其數，如北河二及參四氐四之類。
With no star exactly on the meridian, a near-culminating star is named and its offset given. Each lodge uses its first star; if that star sits too far from center, a later star is numbered instead—North River 2, Three Stars 4, Root 4, and the like.
68
穀雨昏軒轅十四中偏西四度五十九分。 旦箕中偏東四度十三分。
Grain Rain—dusk: Yellow Regulator 14, 4° 59′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Winnowing Basket, 4° 13′ east of the meridian.
69
立夏昏五帝座中偏西三十二分。 旦箕中偏西四度九分。
Beginning of Summer—dusk: Five Emperors' Seat, 32′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Winnowing Basket, 4° 9′ west of the meridian.
70
小滿昏角中偏東二度二十三分。 旦南斗中偏西三度八分。
Lesser Fullness—dusk: Horn, 2° 23′ east of the meridian. Dawn: Southern Dipper, 3° 8′ west of the meridian.
71
芒種昏氐中偏東三度二十九分。 旦河鼓二中偏東二度二十一分。
Grain in Ear—dusk: Root, 3° 29′ east of the meridian. Dawn: River Drum 2, 2° 21′ east of the meridian.
72
夏至昏房中偏東二度八分。 旦須女中偏東一度四十三分。
Summer Solstice—dusk: Room, 2° 8′ east of the meridian. Dawn: Maid, 1° 43′ east of the meridian.
73
小暑昏尾中偏西四十分。 旦尾中偏東三度二十五分。
Lesser Heat—dusk: Tail, 40′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Tail, 3° 25′ east of the meridian.
74
大暑昏帝座中偏西三度二十五分。 旦營室中偏西一度五十六分。
Greater Heat—dusk: Emperor's Seat, 3° 25′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Encampment, 1° 56′ west of the meridian.
75
立秋昏箕中偏西二度三十七分。 旦土司空中偏東一度四十分。
Beginning of Autumn—dusk: Winnowing Basket, 2° 37′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Earth Manager in the Void, 1° 40′ east of the meridian.
76
處暑昏南斗中偏西二十六分。 旦婁中偏西一度四十六分。
End of Heat—dusk: Southern Dipper, 26′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Harvest, 1° 46′ west of the meridian.
77
白露昏南斗中偏西八度三十二分。 旦天囷中偏西四度四十一分。
White Dew—dusk: Southern Dipper, 8° 32′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Celestial Storehouse, 4° 41′ west of the meridian.
78
秋分昏河鼓二中偏東三十四分。 旦畢中偏西三度七分
Autumn Equinox—dusk: River Drum 2, 34′ east of the meridian. Dawn: Net, 3° 7′ west of the meridian
79
寒露昏牽牛中偏西五十三分。 旦參四中偏西十三分。
Cold Dew—dusk: Northern Dipper, 53′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Three Stars 4, 13′ west of the meridian.
80
霜降昏須女中偏西三度四十一分。 旦天狼中偏西五度三十七分。
Frost's Descent—dusk: Maid, 3° 41′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Celestial Wolf, 5° 37′ west of the meridian.
81
立冬昏虛中偏西三度二十分。 旦輿鬼中偏東一度二十七分。
Beginning of Winter—dusk: Void, 3° 20′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Ghost Carriage, 1° 27′ east of the meridian.
82
小雪昏北落師門中偏東五度四十一分。 旦七星中偏西二度十六分。
Lesser Snow—dusk: Northern Military Gate, 5° 41′ east of the meridian. Dawn: Seven Stars, 2° 16′ west of the meridian.
83
大雪昏營室中偏西五度五十七分。 旦翼中偏東二度五十五分。
Greater Snow—dusk: Encampment, 5° 57′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Wings, 2° 55′ east of the meridian.
84
冬至昏東壁中偏西四度二十六分。 旦五帝座中偏西二度一分。
Winter Solstice—dusk: Eastern Wall, 4° 26′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Five Emperors' Seat, 2° 1′ west of the meridian.
85
小寒昏婁中偏東三度三十三分。 旦角中偏東六度二十四分。
Lesser Cold—dusk: Harvest, 3° 33′ east of the meridian. Dawn: Horn, 6° 24′ east of the meridian.
86
大寒昏胃中偏西二度二十分。 旦亢中偏東四度十八分。
Greater Cold—dusk: Stomach, 2° 20′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Gape, 4° 18′ east of the meridian.
87
立春昏昴中偏西五度三十四分。 旦氐中偏東一度二十八分。
Beginning of Spring—dusk: Hairy Head, 5° 34′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Root, 1° 28′ east of the meridian.
88
雨水昏參七中偏西四十五分。 旦氐四中偏西二度三十二分。
Rain Water—dusk: Three Stars 7, 45′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Root 4, 2° 32′ west of the meridian.
89
驚蟄昏東井中偏西三度六分。 旦房中偏西二度四分。
Awakening of Insects—dusk: Eastern Well, 3° 6′ west of the meridian. Dawn: Room, 2° 4′ west of the meridian.
90
清明昏七中星偏東五度十四分。 旦帝座中偏東一度五十九分。
Clear Bright—dusk: Seven Culminating Stars, 5° 14′ east of the meridian. Dawn: Emperor's Seat, 1° 59′ east of the meridian.