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卷37 志十二 天文十二 日食月 五星凌犯掩距 太白昼见 日变月变

Volume 37 Treatises 12: Astronomy 12, Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Planetary Occultations and Approaches, Daytime Appearances of Venus, Solar and Lunar Anomalies

Chapter 37 of 清史稿 · Draft History of Qing
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Chapter 37
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1
Solar and lunar eclipses; crossings, approaches, occultations, and close approaches of the moon and five planets; daytime visibility of Venus; solar and lunar anomalies.
2
宿
Both the Triple Concordance and Quarter-Remainder systems could predict lunar eclipses, yet neither offered a method for solar eclipses. A solar eclipse may or may not be visible, and may be slight or deep, all depending on where one stands. Without precise parameters, devising a reliable method is exceedingly hard. Hence antiquity treated eclipses as singular omens, and every eclipse was entered in the annals. Later astronomers refined solar-eclipse prediction to great precision, yet still recorded each event—honoring the ancient practice tied to the new moon. Eclipses noted in the Basic Annals without magnitude or lodge are gathered here in full for calendrical specialists to consult.
3
觿 觿
Shunzhi 1, month 8, bingchen new moon at noon: solar eclipse with a little over two-tenths obscuration, centered in Zhang. Year 5, month 5, yichou new moon at dawn: solar eclipse of just over nine-tenths, centered in Zi (Beak). Year 7, month 10, xinsi new moon mid-morning: solar eclipse of a little over seven-tenths, centered in Kang. Year 14, month 5, guimao new moon early morning: solar eclipse of about six and a half tenths (strong), centered in Zi (Beak). Year 15, month 5, dingyou new moon morning: solar eclipse of a little under four-tenths, centered in Bi (Net).
4
Kangxi 3, month 12, wuwu new moon mid-afternoon: solar eclipse of a little under nine-tenths, centered in Nandou. Year 5, month 6, gengxu new moon mid-afternoon: solar eclipse of well over nine-tenths, centered in Dongjing. Year 8, month 4, guihai new moon early afternoon: solar eclipse of five and a half tenths, centered in Wei (Stomach). Year 10, month 8, jimao new moon mid-afternoon: solar eclipse of two-tenths, centered in Yi (Wings). Year 20, month 8, xinsi new moon morning: solar eclipse of well over three-tenths, centered in Yi (Wings). Year 24, month 11, dingsi new moon mid-afternoon: solar eclipse of nearly two and a half tenths, centered in Xin (Heart). Year 27, month 4, guimao new moon morning: solar eclipse of well over nine-tenths, centered in Wei (Stomach). Year 29, month 8, jiwei new moon at dawn: solar eclipse of a little over two-tenths, centered in Yi (Wings). Year 30, month 2, dingsi new moon at noon: solar eclipse of nearly three and a half tenths, centered in Wei (Rooftop). Year 31, month 1, xinhai new moon at noon: solar eclipse of nearly five and a half tenths, centered in Wei (Rooftop). Year 34, month 11, jiwei new moon mid-afternoon: solar eclipse of about eight and a half tenths (strong), centered in Wei (Tail). Year 36, intercalary month 3, xinsi new moon morning: total solar eclipse, centered in Lou. Year 43, month 11, dingyou new moon at noon: solar eclipse of about four and a half tenths (strong), centered in Xin (Heart). Year 45, month 4, wuzi new moon evening: solar eclipse of about six and a half tenths (weak), centered in Wei (Stomach). Year 47, month 8, jiachen new moon mid-afternoon: solar eclipse of nearly five and a half tenths, centered in Yi (Wings). Year 48, month 8, jihai new moon at dawn: solar eclipse of a little under five-tenths, centered in Yi (Wings). Year 51, month 6, guichou new moon early morning: solar eclipse of just over five-tenths (weak), centered in Dongjing. Year 54, month 4, bingyin new moon evening: solar eclipse of a little under six-tenths, centered in Wei (Stomach). Year 58, month 1, jiaxu new moon mid-afternoon: solar eclipse of seven-tenths, centered in Wei (Rooftop). Year 59, month 7, bingyin new moon mid-morning: solar eclipse of seven-tenths, centered in Liu (Willow). Year 60, intercalary month 6, gengshen new moon evening: solar eclipse of four-tenths, centered in Dongjing.
5
Yongzheng 8, month 6, wuxu new moon mid-morning: solar eclipse of nine-tenths, centered in Dongjing. Year 9, month 12, gengyin new moon at dawn: solar eclipse of a little over eight-tenths, centered in Nandou. Year 13, month 9, dingyou new moon morning: solar eclipse of nearly eight and a half tenths, centered in Jiao (Horn).
6
Qianlong 7, month 5, jiwei new moon morning: solar eclipse of just over seven-tenths, centered in Bi (Net). Year 10, month 3, guiyou new moon mid-morning: solar eclipse of a little under one-tenth, centered in Dongbi. Year 11, month 3, dingmao new moon at noon: solar eclipse of a little under seven-tenths, centered in Yingshi. Year 12, month 7, jichou new moon mid-afternoon: solar eclipse of nearly two and a half tenths, centered in Liu (Willow). Year 16, month 5, dingyou new moon morning: solar eclipse of just over four-tenths (weak), centered in Mao (Pleiades). Year 23, month 12, guichou new moon mid-afternoon: solar eclipse of well over eight-tenths, centered in Nandou. Year 25, month 5, jiachen new moon evening: solar eclipse of just over nine-tenths (weak), centered in Shen. Year 27, month 9, gengshen new moon evening: solar eclipse of just over five-tenths (weak), centered in Jiao (Horn). Year 28, month 9, yimao new moon morning: solar eclipse of seven-tenths, centered in Zhen. Year 34, month 5, renwu new moon evening: solar eclipse of about three and a half tenths (strong), centered in Bi (Net). Year 35, month 5, dingchou new moon morning: solar eclipse of a little under four-tenths, centered in Mao (Pleiades). Year 38, month 3, gengyin new moon early afternoon: solar eclipse of a little under four-tenths, centered in Yingshi. Year 39, month 8, renwu new moon morning: solar eclipse of well over three-tenths, centered in Zhang. Year 40, month 8, bingzi new moon at noon: solar eclipse of about four and a half tenths (strong), centered in Qixing. Month 12, jiachen new moon mid-morning: solar eclipse of just over one-tenth, centered in Nandou. Year 49, month 7, jiayin new moon at dawn: solar eclipse of a little under two-tenths, centered in Liu (Willow). Year 50, month 7, wushen new moon morning: solar eclipse of nearly four and a half tenths, centered in Liu (Willow). Year 51, month 1, bingwu new moon mid-morning: solar eclipse of a little under seven-tenths, centered in Gunü. Year 53, month 5, renxu new moon evening: solar eclipse of about three and a half tenths (weak), centered in Bi (Net). Year 54, month 10, guichou new moon mid-morning: solar eclipse of just over five-tenths (weak), centered in Di (Root). Year 60, month 1, jiashen new moon at dawn: solar eclipse of a little under nine-tenths, centered in Nandou.
7
宿
On crossings, approaches, occultations, and close approaches of the moon and five planets: the Treatise on the Celestial Offices calls mutual crossing "combat," and says events "within seven inches" are certain—when latitudes close as in an eclipse. Current practice: two stars within 3 arc-minutes are in crossing; moon and star within 17 arc-minutes likewise; within 1 degree is an approach; full overlap is an occultation. Each year the Directorate forecast moon and planetary entries within these bounds, bound them in a register for the throne—first called the Book of Crossings and Approaches, renamed the Book of Close Approaches in early Yongzheng. Omens guided observation, observation tested the calendar: each event keeps its technical name, with the lodge noted.
8
Shunzhi 1, month 7, gengyin: Mars conjoined Jupiter in Mao (Pleiades). Year 3, month 11, xinyou: the moon approached Jupiter in Liu (Willow). Year 4, month 2, renwu: Jupiter was occulted at Zi (Beak). Year 6, month 6, guisi: Mars conjoined Jupiter in Yi (Wings). Year 7, month 5, jiazi: the moon approached Jupiter in Kang. Year 10, month 10, gengwu: Mars conjoined Jupiter in Nü (Girl); Month 11, jihai: Venus conjoined Jupiter in Nü (Girl); Month 12, jiashen: Mars conjoined Jupiter in Bi (Wall). Year 17, month 5, renshen: Mars conjoined Venus in Liu (Willow). Month 10, jiawu: Venus conjoined Jupiter in Zhen.
9
Kangxi 4, month 6, dingmao: the moon approached Saturn in Ji (Winnowing Basket). Year 8, month 12, dingmao: Venus conjoined Saturn in Xu (Emptiness). Year 12, month 3, jiaxu: the moon approached Venus in Bi (Wall). Year 13, month 6, wushen: Mars conjoined Saturn in Kui. Year 18, month 5, jiwei: the moon approached Jupiter in Lou. Year 21, month 8, bingshen: Mars conjoined Saturn in Liu (Willow); Month 9, jisi: Jupiter occulted Saturn in Liu (Willow). Year 30, month 6, wuyin: Mars conjoined Jupiter in Lou. Year 31, month 5, dingmao: Venus conjoined Mars in Xing (Star). Year 33, month 11, guiwei: a planet approached Saturn in Dou (Dipper). Year 38, month 12, dingchou: a planet approached Saturn in Wei (Rooftop). Year 40, month 2, gengshen: a planet approached Jupiter in Xu (Emptiness). Year 55, month 10, wuxu: a planet approached Saturn in Zhen. Year 57, month 9, bingshen: Mercury conjoined Saturn in Kang.
10
Yongzheng 2, month 12, bingshen: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Dou (Dipper). Year 3, month 2, renshen: close approach to Jupiter in Wei (Rooftop). Year 9, month 10, guichou: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Yi (Wings). Year 12, month 1, jiashen: close approach to Jupiter in Xin (Heart).
11
Qianlong 1, month 3, yisi: close approach to Jupiter in Nü (Girl); renxu: the moon came within close range of Venus in Kui; Month 5, jihai: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Mao (Pleiades); Month 8, wuchen: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Yi (Wings); Month 12, yichou: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Nü (Girl); dinghai: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Xu (Emptiness).
12
Year 2, month 1, guisi: the moon came within close range of Venus in Shi (Encampment); Month 2, yiyou: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Wei (Rooftop); Month 5, jichou: close approach to Venus in Zi (Beak); Month 8, guihai: close approach to Mars in Zhang. Intercalary month 9, yichou: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Wei (Rooftop); Month 10, guisi: as before.
13
Year 3, month 2, renchen: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Bi (Wall); xinchou: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Bi (Wall); Month 3, yimao: close approach to Venus in Lou; Month 4, yiwei: Venus came within close range of Mercury in Zi (Beak); Month 5, bingyin: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Kui; dingchou: Mercury came within close range of Saturn in Jing (Well); Month 7, renzi: the moon came within close range of Mercury in Zhang.
14
Year 4, month 5, gengshen: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Wei (Stomach); Month 6, renwu: Mercury came within close range of Saturn in Jing (Well); Month 7, yisi new moon: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Jing (Well); dingwei: the moon came within close range of Mercury in Xu (Emptiness); renxu: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Yi (Wings); Month 10, guimei; Venus came within close range of Mars in Di (Root); yiyou: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Di (Root); guisi: the moon came within close range of Saturn in Jing (Well); bingxu: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Di (Root); Month 11, gengshen: the moon came within close range of Saturn in Jing (Well); Month 12, wuzi; year 5, month 1, yimao, and month 4, dingchou: as before; Month 5, bingyin: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Zi (Beak); Month 6, renshen: the moon came within close range of Saturn in Jing (Well); Intercalary month 6, jiazi: close approach to Jupiter in Jing (Well); Month 7, renchen: close approach to Mars in Jing (Well); Month 8, renyin: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Jing (Well); gengshen: the moon occulted Jupiter in Jing (Well); Close approach to Mars in Jing (Well); Month 9, wuzi: again came within close range; Month 10, jiayin: close approach to Jupiter in Jing (Well); bingchen: close approach to Mars in Gui (Ghost); Month 11, xinsi: close approach to Jupiter in Jing (Well); jiawu: close approach to Venus in Wei (Rooftop); Month 12, wushen: close approach to Jupiter in Zi (Beak); Year 6, month 1, yihai: as before; Month 3, gengwu: Jupiter was occulted in Jing (Well); renshen: close approach to Mars in Jing (Well); Month 5, jiazi new moon: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Zi (Beak); dinghai: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Jing (Well); jichou: Mercury came within close range of Saturn in Liu (Willow); Month 6, jiachen: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Liu (Willow); Month 8, xinhai: close approach to Mars in Kang (Neck); Month 9, renwu: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Di (Root); Month 10, bingshen: the moon came within close range of Venus in Ji (Winnowing Basket); renzi: Mars came within close range of Mercury in Wei (Tail); Month 11, guihai: the moon came within close range of Mars in Wei (Tail); Month 12, jiayin: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Niu (Ox).
15
Year 7, month 5, yiyou: the moon came within close range of Mars in Mao (Pleiades); Month 8, yichou: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter and Saturn in Xing (Star), and Jupiter came within close range of Saturn in Xing (Star); gengxu: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Xing (Star); renzi: close approach to Jupiter in Xing (Star); Month 10, yimao: close approach to Mercury in Di (Root); Month 12, guimao; The moon came within close range of Mars in Zhang; yisi: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Dou (Dipper).
16
Year 8, month 1, gengwu: the moon came within close range of Mars in Xing (Star); Month 4, wushen: Mars came within close range of Saturn in Xing (Star); Intercalary month 4, renxu: close approach to Jupiter in Zhang; Month 5, bingwu: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Zhang; Month 6, jiayin: close approach to Jupiter in Zhang; Month 7, guisi: Mercury came within close range of Saturn in Zhang; gengzi: close approach to Jupiter in Yi (Wings); Month 8, yimao: the moon came within close range of Mars in Di (Root); Month 11, xinchou: close approach to Jupiter in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); Month 12, renzi: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Nü (Girl); jisi: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Zhen (Chariot Shaft).
17
Year 9, month 2, xinyou: close approach to Saturn in Zhang; guihai: Jupiter was occulted in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); Month 3, jiashen: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Kui (Striding Legs); gengyin: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Yi (Wings); Month 4, wuwu: as before; Month 6, yihai: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Liu (Willow); Month 7, wuyin: the moon came within close range of Saturn in Zhang; bingshen: Mercury came within close range of Saturn in Zhang; Month 8, wushen: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Zhen (Chariot Shaft), and Venus came within close range of Saturn in Yi (Wings); renshen: close approach to Jupiter in Jiao (Horn); Month 10, gengxu: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Jiao (Horn); wuchen: the moon came within close range of Mars in Zhang; jisi: close approach to Saturn in Yi (Wings); Month 11, xinchou: Mars came within close range of Saturn in Yi (Wings).
18
Year 10, month 2, dingwei: the moon came within close range of Venus in Lou; Month 3, jiaxu: Mars came within close range of Saturn in Yi (Wings); Month 4, renzi: the moon came within close range of Mars in Yi (Wings); Month 5, wuxu: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Bi (Net); guisi: close approach to Saturn in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); Month 10, renzi: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); jiazi: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Di (Root); Month 11, jiawu: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Fang (Room).
19
Year 11, month 2, jihai: the moon came within close range of Mars in Shi (Encampment); guihai: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Shi (Encampment); Month 3, renwu: close approach to Mars in Kui (Striding Legs); Intercalary month 3, guimao: Venus came within close range of Mars in Lou; Month 5, yisi: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Zi (Beak); Month 6, wuchen: the moon came within close range of Venus in Xing (Star); Month 7, renxu: close approach to Mars in Liu (Willow); Month 8, gengyin: close approach to Mars in Zhang; Month 9, gengzi: Mercury came within close range of Saturn in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); Month 12, guihai: Mars came within close range of Saturn in Jiao (Horn).
20
Year 12, month 7, xinmao: the moon came within close range of Mercury in Zhang; Month 10, gengyin: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Yi (Wings); Month 11, xinmao: the moon came within close range of Mars in Nü (Girl); jiawu: Venus came within close range of Mercury in Wei (Tail); Month 12, dingsi new moon: close approach to Jupiter in Dou (Dipper); wuwu: the moon came within close range of Venus in Dou (Dipper).
21
Year 13, month 1, jichou: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Niu (Ox); guichou: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Nü (Girl); Month 2, xinwei: Venus came within close range of Mars in Kui (Striding Legs); Month 5, renyin: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Zi (Beak); Month 6, yimao: the moon came within close range of Mercury in Jing (Well); Month 8, renchen: close approach to Jupiter in Nü (Girl); Month 9, jimao: Venus came within close range of Mars in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); Month 10, gengxu; close approach to Saturn in Di (Root); Month 12, guimao: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Wei (Rooftop).
22
Year 14, month 2, jiashen: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Wei (Rooftop); Month 3, wuchen: the moon came within close range of Mars in Dou (Dipper); yihai: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Wei (Stomach); Month 6, yisi: the moon came within close range of Mercury in Jing (Well); Month 10, jimao: close approach to Venus in Ji (Winnowing Basket); guimao: Mercury came within close range of Saturn in Di (Root); Month 11, jisi: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Shi (Encampment).
23
Year 15, month 1, guiyou: the moon came within close range of Mercury in Wei (Rooftop); Month 3, dingsi: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Bi (Wall); Month 4, yihai: the moon came within close range of Mars in Bi (Net); gengzi: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Kui (Striding Legs); Month 5, renyin new moon: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Jing (Well); jiwei: Mars came within close range of Mercury in Jing (Well); Month 7, jiwei: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Xing (Star); Month 9, jiwei: Venus came within close range of Mars in Yi (Wings); Month 10, wuyin: close approach to Mercury in Jiao (Horn); Month 11, wushen: Mercury came within close range of Venus and Saturn in Xin (Heart).
24
Year 16, month 1, guihai: the moon came within close range of Mars in Wei (Tail); Month 3, guichou: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Lou (Bond); Month 4, jisi: the moon came within close range of Venus in Mao (Pleiades); Intercalary month 5, renchen: close approach to Jupiter in Mao (Pleiades); Month 7, dinghai: close approach to Jupiter in Bi (Net); Month 8, dingyou: close approach to Mercury in Jiao (Horn); Month 9, renchen: close approach to Venus in Jiao (Horn); Month 10, yiwei: close approach to Saturn in Wei (Tail); wushen: close approach to Jupiter in Bi (Net); Month 11, bingzi: close approach to Jupiter in Mao (Pleiades); gengyin: close approach to Saturn in Wei (Tail); Month 12, jiwei: close approach to Venus in Ji (Winnowing Basket).
25
Year 17, month 1, gengwu: close approach to Jupiter in Mao (Pleiades); Month 2, wuxu: close approach to Jupiter in Bi (Net); Month 4, gengshen: close approach to Venus in Mao (Pleiades); Month 5, jiaxu: close approach to Saturn in Wei (Tail); xinsi: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Zi (Beak); renwu: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Zi (Beak); guiwei: close approach to Venus in Zi (Beak); Month 6, xinchou: the moon came within close range of Saturn in Wei (Tail); jiayin: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Xing (Star); Month 7, dinghai: Venus came within close range of Mars in Zhang; Month 8, gengyin: the moon came within close range of Mercury in Yi (Wings); Month 10, yimao: close approach to Mars in Di (Root).
26
Year 18, month 5, xinwei: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Bi (Net); Month 11, jiaxu: Saturn came within close range of Mercury in Dou (Dipper); Month 12, bingwu: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Dou (Dipper).
27
Year 19, month 1, renzi: Mercury came within close range of Saturn in Dou (Dipper); Month 5, jichou: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Liu (Willow); yisi: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Liu (Willow); dingwei: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Liu (Willow); Month 6, bingchen: Venus came within close range of Mars in Zhang; Month 7, jiachen: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Zhang.
28
Year 20, month 1, dingchou: Mars came within close range of Saturn in Dou (Dipper); xinchou: the moon came within close range of Venus in Niu (Ox); Month 3, xinsi: Venus came within close range of Mars in Wei (Rooftop); gengzi: the moon came within close range of Mars in Shi (Encampment); Month 7, gengyin: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Liu (Willow); Month 9, jihai: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); Year 21, month 1, jichou: as before; Month 8, xinyou: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Jiao (Horn); Month 11, renxu: Mercury came within close range of Saturn in Nü (Girl).
29
Year 22, month 1, yisi: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Nü (Girl); xinyou: the moon came within close range of Mercury in Xu (Emptiness); Month 3, yimao: close approach to Saturn in Xu (Emptiness); Month 6, dingchou: close approach to Saturn in Nü (Girl); Month 9, wuxu: as before; Month 11, renyin: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Nü (Girl).
30
Year 24, month 12, yiwei: the moon came within close range of Mars in Yi (Wings); Year 25, month 1, xinyou: as before; jiaxu: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Nü (Girl); Month 2, yisi: close approach to Saturn in Shi (Encampment); Month 3, jiaxu: close approach to Mercury in Kui (Striding Legs); Month 4, guisi: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Wei (Stomach); Month 11, xinhai: Venus came within close range of Mars in Dou (Dipper); Month 12, wuyin: close approach to Jupiter in Xu (Emptiness); jihai: Mars occulted Jupiter in Wei (Rooftop).
31
Year 26, month 1, gengwu: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Shi (Encampment); Month 10, guisi: the moon came within close range of Venus in Kang (Neck).
32
Year 27, month 5, wuwu: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Jing (Well); jiwei: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Lou (Bond); Month 7, dingmao: close approach to Mars in Di (Root); Month 10, xinchou: close approach to Saturn in Bi (Wall); Month 12, dingyou: close approach to Jupiter in Lou (Bond).
33
Year 28, month 4, dingwei: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Lou (Bond); Month 5, renshen: close approach to Jupiter in Mao (Pleiades); Month 6, jiayin: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Jing (Well); Month 7, dingmao: Venus came within close range of Mars in Liu (Willow).
34
Year 30, month 2, gengyin: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Xu (Emptiness); Month 8, jisi: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Liu (Willow); Month 10, jiazi, and year 31, month 3, jimao: as before; Month 6, xinhai: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Bi (Net); xinyou: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Xing (Star).
35
Year 32, month 5, jiazi new moon: Venus came within close range of Mars in Jing (Well); bingyin: the moon came within close range of Mars in Jing (Well); Month 6, dingwei: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Gui (Ghost); Month 7, dingmao: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Yi (Wings); Month 8, yichou: the moon came within close range of Venus in Kang (Neck).
36
Year 33, month 9, bingwu: close approach to Saturn in Jing (Well).
37
Year 34, month 7, dingwei: close approach to Venus in Jing (Well); Month 11, yiwei: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Xin (Heart); yisi: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Xin (Heart), and Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Xin (Heart); dingwei: the moon came within close range of Mars in Xin (Heart).
38
Year 35, month 2, gengwu: close approach to Jupiter in Wei (Tail); Month 4, dingmao: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Bi (Net); Month 5, xinmao: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Wei (Tail); bingshen: Venus came within close range of Mercury in Jing (Well); Intercalary month 5, wuwu: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Wei (Tail); Month 6, bingxu, and month 8, gengchen: as before.
39
Year 36, month 4, bingshen: Mars came within close range of Saturn in Liu (Willow); Month 7, jiwei: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Liu (Willow); guihai: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Yi (Wings); Month 11, bingyin: close approach to Jupiter in Niu (Ox); Month 12, wuchen: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Niu (Ox).
40
Year 37, month 1, jiwei: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Nü (Girl); xinyou: close approach to Jupiter in Nü (Girl); jiazi: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Nü (Girl); Month 2, jisi: the moon came within close range of Venus in Bi (Wall); Month 8, yichou: close approach to Mercury in Yi (Wings); gengyin: close approach to Venus in Liu (Willow).
41
Year 38, month 5, jisi: Mars came within close range of Saturn in Zhang; gengchen: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Bi (Wall); Month 8, wuxu: Mercury came within close range of Saturn in Zhang; Month 9, wuchen: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Shi (Encampment); Month 10, yiwei, and month 12, gengyin: as before.
42
Year 39, month 1, wuwu: close approach to Jupiter in Bi (Wall); Month 9, renxu: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Yi (Wings); Month 10, bingwu: the moon came within close range of Saturn in Yi (Wings); Month 12, xinchou: close approach to Saturn in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); Year 40, month 1, wuchen: as before; Month 3, yichou: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Wei (Stomach); Month 4, jichou: the moon came within close range of Saturn in Yi (Wings); Month 12, dingsi: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Xu (Emptiness).
43
Year 41, month 6, renxu: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Jing (Well).
44
Year 42, month 5, wuchen: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Jing (Well); Month 8, jiayin: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Liu (Willow); Month 10, wushen: Mercury came within close range of Saturn in Kang (Neck); Month 11, guihai new moon: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Kang (Neck); xinmao: the moon came within close range of Venus in Wei (Tail); Month 12, jiawu: close approach to Mercury in Dou (Dipper).
45
Year 43, month 3, dingchou: close approach to Saturn in Di (Root); Month 4, yisi: as before; Month 6, xinmao: close approach to Venus in Di (Root); bingchen: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Xing (Star); Intercalary month 6, bingyin: the moon came within close range of Saturn in Kang (Neck); Month 8, xinyou: close approach to Saturn in Di (Root); Month 9, gengzi: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Zhang; Month 10, jiashen: the moon came within close range of Saturn in Di (Root); Month 12, wuyin: close approach to Mars in Di (Root).
46
Year 44, month 2, gengshen: Mars came within close range of Saturn in Di (Root); jiaxu: the moon came within close range of Mars in Di (Root); Month 3, xinchou: as before; Month 4, renwu: close approach to Venus in Wei (Stomach); Month 9, wuzi: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); Month 11, guisi: close approach to Venus in Dou (Dipper).
47
Year 45, month 1, jihai: the moon occulted Jupiter in Jiao (Horn); Month 2, renxu: Venus came within close range of Mars in Lou (Bond); Month 3, guisi: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Jiao (Horn); Month 5, guimao: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Jing (Well); Month 7, renwu: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Jiao (Horn); Month 9, jihai: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Kang (Neck); Month 10, gengwu: Venus came within close range of Mars in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); renshen: the moon came within close range of Mars and Venus in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); Month 12, xinyou: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Wei (Tail); renshen: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Di (Root).
48
Year 46, month 7, xinhai: the moon came within close range of Mars in Dou (Dipper).
49
Year 47, month 5, xinchou: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Jing (Well); Month 9, wushen: Mars came within close range of Venus in Yi (Wings); Month 10, dingmao: Jupiter came within close range of Saturn in Ji (Winnowing Basket); bingzi: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Di (Root).
50
Year 48, month 3, yiwei: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Dou (Dipper); Month 6, jiazi: the moon came within close range of Venus in Liu (Willow); Month 12, wuyin: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Nü (Girl).
51
Year 49, month 2, bingzi: close approach to Jupiter in Xu (Emptiness); Month 3, bingxu new moon: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Xu (Emptiness); Month 5, jiaxu: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Wei (Rooftop); Month 8, yiwei: close approach to Jupiter in Xu (Emptiness); Month 12, gengyin: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Wei (Rooftop).
52
Year 50, month 2, guiwei: Mars came within close range of Saturn in Niu (Ox); renchen: Mercury came within close range of Jupiter in Shi (Encampment); Month 3, guichou: the moon came within close range of Venus in Bi (Net); Month 5, jiayin: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Bi (Wall); wuwu: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Mao (Pleiades); Month 10, guiwei: the moon came within close range of Saturn in Dou (Dipper); Month 12, wuyin: close approach to Saturn in Niu (Ox).
53
Year 51, month 3, gengxu: close approach to Mars in Shen (Triaster); Month 7, bingwu: Venus came within close range of Mars in Zhang; Month 9, yihai: the moon came within close range of Venus in Wei (Tail); dingchou: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Kang (Neck).
54
Year 52, month 2, gengzi: Mars came within close range of Saturn in Xu (Emptiness); Month 3, dingchou: Venus came within close range of Mars in Shi (Encampment); Month 5, yiyou: close approach to Jupiter in Bi (Net); Month 7, bingxu: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Shen (Triaster); gengyin: the moon came within close range of Mars in Shen (Triaster); Month 10, xinhai: close approach to Jupiter in Shen (Triaster); Month 11, jimao: close approach to Jupiter in Bi (Net); Month 12, xinhai: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Xu (Emptiness).
55
Year 54, intercalary month 5, gengxu: close approach to Jupiter in Gui (Ghost).
56
Year 55, month 3, guimao: Mars came within close range of Jupiter in Liu (Willow); Month 8, renzi: the moon came within close range of Mars in Kang (Neck); jiaxu: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Zhang (Extended Net). Month 9, wuxu: Mercury came within close range of Venus in Zhen (Chariot Shaft). Month 11, renyin: close approach to Mars in Dou (Dipper).
57
Year 56, month 10, renyin new moon: close approach to Jupiter in Zhen (Chariot Shaft); jisi: the moon came within close range of Venus in Jiao (Horn); xinwei: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Jiao (Horn). Month 11, dingyou: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Jiao (Horn); wuxu: close approach to Venus in Di (Root).
58
Year 57, month 1, xinmao: close approach to Jupiter in Kang (Neck). Month 2, jiwei: close approach to Jupiter in Jiao (Horn). Month 3, dingyou: close approach to Venus in Shi (Encampment). Month 5, bingwu: close approach to Mars in Yi (Wings). Month 10, dingchou: close approach to Saturn in Kui (Striding Legs). Month 11, guimao: Venus came within close range of Mars in Niu (Ox); jiachen: the moon came within close range of Saturn in Kui (Striding Legs).
59
Year 58, month 1, bingshen: close approach to Mars in Wei (Rooftop). Month 2, jiaxu: Mercury came within close range of Mars in Bi (Wall). Month 9, wuwu: the moon came within close range of Venus in Yi (Wings). Month 10, yiyou: close approach to Mars in Yi (Wings). Month 11, bingchen: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Wei (Tail).
60
Year 60, month 1, xinhai: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Dou (Dipper). Month 5, renxu: Venus came within close range of Saturn in Bi (Net). Month 7, yimao: Mercury came within close range of Venus and Mars in Liu (Willow); Venus came within close range of Mars in Liu (Willow); renxu: the moon came within close range of Jupiter in Dou (Dipper). Month 12, gengchen: Venus came within close range of Jupiter in Nü (Girl).
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Daytime Venus in the south (wu position): Kangxi 1, month 4, gengwu, and Kangxi 4, month 6, jiaxu — times not recorded. Kangxi 7, month 6, guiyou through dingchou — all in early afternoon (wei hour). Kangxi 9, month 5 (wuwu, yichou); year 10, month 6 (jiawu); year 12, month 6 (gengshen); year 13, month 11 (dingmao); year 15, month 5 (jiashen) — times omitted; Kangxi 9, month 9, bingxu, mid-morning (si hour). Year 16, month 12, xinyou — time not recorded. Year 17, month 5, gengshen, mid-morning (si hour). Qianlong 8, month 7, gengyin and renchen — all at the third quarter of early afternoon (wei hour). Year 10, month 7, bingzi and dingchou — all in the morning (chen hour). Year 13, month 8 (bingwu through xinhai); month 9 (guichou, bingchen, dingsi, jiwei, xinyou, renxu, bingyin through xinwei, jiaxu, jimao); month 10, bingxu — all mid-morning (si hour). Year 14, month 12 (bingzi, dingchou, jimao, xinsi, bingxu through jichou, xinmao, yiwei, wuxu, renyin, guimao); year 15, month 1, jiyou — all early afternoon (wei hour). Month 4, gengzi; month 5 (renyin, yisi, dingwei, jiyou, renzi, guichou, dingsi through jiwei); month 6 (yihai through dingchou); year 18, month 6, xinhai — all mid-morning (si hour). Year 24, intercalary month 6 (dinghai, wuzi, renchen); year 29, month 6, jiashen — all early afternoon (wei hour). Month 10, gengchen, jiashen, and xinmao — all mid-morning (si hour). Year 30, month 11 (guiyou, gengchen through jiashen, bingxu, jichou, yiwu through wuxu, gengzi, xinchou); month 12 (yimao, dingsi, xinyou, wuchen); year 31, month 1, bingzi — all mid-afternoon (shen hour). Year 32, intercalary month 7 (guimao, bingwu, dingwei, gengxu, renzi through yimao) — all early afternoon (wei hour). On dingsi, mid-afternoon (shen hour). On wuwu and gengshen; month 8, renxu new moon — all early afternoon (wei hour). Month 10, wuchen through gengchen, and renwu through jiashen — all mid-morning (si hour). From dinghai through gengyin — all morning (chen hour). Month 11, xinmao new moon and renchen — all mid-morning (si hour). On guisi, dingyou, and jihai — all morning (chen hour). Year 54, month 12, wuwu, jiwei, guihai, and bingyin — all early afternoon (wei hour).
62
Venus in the southeast (si position): Shunzhi 11, month 5, xinhai — vied in brightness with the sun. Year 17, month 9, gengchen; Kangxi 4, month 3, xinmao — times not recorded. Year 7, month 6, guiyou through dingchou — all at noon (wu hour). Year 12, month 6, xinyou; year 18, month 11, bingchen — times not recorded. Qianlong 8, month 10 (xinyou, jiazi, bingzi) through month 11 (renyin, yiyou); year 13, month 8 (yiwei); month 9 (renshen, dingchou); month 10 (guiwei, jiashen, bingxu through jichou and renchen, yiwei, bingshen, wuxu through xinchou, jiachen, dingwei, wushen); month 11, xinhai new moon, renzi, jiayin, yimao, dingsi, jiwei, yichou, dingmao, guiyou, yihai; year 15, month 5, renxu; year 18, month 6, wuxu; year 32, month 10 (wuchen through gengchen, renwu through jiashen); month 11, xinmao new moon and renchen — all morning (chen hour).
63
Venus in the southwest (wei position): Shunzhi 9, month 9, yiwei; Kangxi 8, month 12, dingmao; year 12, month 1, dinghai — times not recorded. Year 15, month 9, bingxu, at noon (wu hour). Qianlong 1, month 12 (gengwu, guiyou, jiaxu, jichou); year 2, month 1, gengyin new moon, renchen, guisi, dingsi; month 2 (xinyou, yichou, gengchen); year 3, month 10 (jiashen through bingxu, wuxu, jihai, yisi, bingwu, wushen); year 6, month 10 (jiwei through xinyou); month 11 (jiazi, wuchen, gengwu through renshen, bingzi through wuyin, jiashen, bingxu, wuzi); month 12 (renchen, guisi, dingyou, wuxu, wushen); year 10, month 1 (xinsi, guiwei through dinghai, xinmao through dingyou, renyin); month 2, guimao new moon and wushen — all mid-afternoon (shen hour). On bingchen, evening (you hour). On dingsi, guihai, jisi, and renshen; month 3, gengchen and guiwei; year 11, month 10 (bingyin, dingmao, jisi, jiaxu through dingchou, renwu, yiyou, jichou through xinmao); month 11 (guisi, jiawu, wuxu through xinchou); year 14, month 10, yisi; month 11 (renzi, guichou, yimao, bingyin, dingmao, xinwei through jiaxu); month 12 (dingchou, jimao, xinsi, bingxu through jichou, xinmao, yiwei, wuxu, renyin, guimao); year 30, month 10 (dingsi, wuwu, xinyou, bingyin through wuchen); month 12, guimao and jiazi — all mid-afternoon (shen hour). On wuchen, evening (you hour). Year 31, month 1, guiyou, xinsi, and renwu — all mid-afternoon (shen hour). Year 32, intercalary month 7, dingsi, evening (you hour). Month 8, jiazi; year 54, month 12, wuwu, jiwei, guihai, bingyin, xinwei, and yihai — all mid-afternoon (shen hour).
64
Venus in the east (chen position): Qianlong 7, month 6, guisi, jiawu, dingyou, xinchou through guimao — all at dawn and morning (yin and mao hours). On dingwei, wushen, gengxu, renzi, yimao, and dingsi; month 7, guihai, wuyin through gengchen, renwu, jiashen, yiyou; month 8, dinghai new moon, wuzi, gengyin; year 10, month 6, dingmao; month 7, xinsi; year 13, month 9, jiayin; year 15, month 6, wuyin; year 55, month 7 (renchen, gengzi, jiachen through wushen); month 8, bingchen and jisi — all at dawn (mao hour).
65
Venus in the west (shen position): Kangxi 2, month 7, bingshen — the same for successive days; time not recorded. Qianlong 3, month 9 (bingyin, dingmao); year 24, month 6 (bingchen, wuwu); intercalary month 6, yiyou; year 32, intercalary month 7, xinchou — all evening (you hour).
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Venus in the east (mao position): Kangxi 4, month 6, bingchen — time not recorded.
67
Venus in the west (you position): Qianlong 8, month 5, xinmao, renyin, jiachen through bingwu — all at the start of the xu hour.
68
Venus spanning east and southeast (chen and si): Qianlong 2, month 7 (jihai, guichou); month 8 (jiazi, guiyou, yihai through jimao, guiwei through yiyou); month 9 (dinghai through xinmao, yiwei, dingyou, gengzi, jiachen through bingwu); intercalary month 9, bingchen new moon, xinyou, guihai; year 10, month 7, renshen, wuyin through gengchen and renwu; year 13, month 8 (wuzi, bingchen through gengxu); month 9 (yimao and bingchen, wuwu, xinyou, bingyin through wuchen); year 15, month 5 (dingwei, jiyou, renzi, guichou, wuwu, jiwei); month 6 (bingzi, dingchou) — all dawn and mid-morning (mao and chen hours).
69
Venus spanning southwest and west (wei and shen): Qianlong 2, month 1 (bingshen through wuxu and guimao, wuwu through month 2, gengshen, bingyin, wuchen, gengwu); year 3, month 9 (wuchen, jisi, xinwei); year 5, month 5, xinhai; year 8, month 7 (jichou, gengyin, renchen, jiawu, jiachen through bingwu, wushen, jiyou); year 15, month 1, jiyou; year 32, intercalary month 7 (renyin, guimao, bingwu through wushen, gengxu, renzi through yimao, wuwu, gengshen); month 8, renxu new moon, bingyin, dingmao — all mid-afternoon and evening (shen and you hours).
70
Venus spanning southeast and southwest (si and wei): Qianlong 10, month 7, bingzi and dingchou — all dawn and mid-morning (mao and si hours). Year 13, month 8, xinhai; month 9 (jiwei, xinwei, jiaxu, jimao); year 15, month 4, gengzi; month 5, yisi — all morning and noon (chen and wu hours).
71
Venus spanning east and southeast (mao, chen, and si): Qianlong 10, month 6, gengwu; year 15, month 5, dingsi; year 18, month 6, guisi and jiawu — all dawn through mid-morning (yin, mao, and chen hours).
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Venus spanning east, southeast, and southwest (chen, si, and wei): Qianlong 13, month 9 (guichou, dingsi, renxu, jisi, gengwu); year 15, month 5, renyin; month 6, yihai; year 18, month 6, xinhai — all dawn, mid-morning, and noon (mao, chen, and wu hours).
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Daytime Venus, position omitted: Shunzhi 1, month 6 (gengwu) and month 9 (jiyou); year 3, month 1, jiwei; year 6, month 8, jiawu; year 7, month 12, xinchou; Kangxi 7, month 9 (wuxu, jihai); year 21, month 10 (yiwei through wuxu); year 23, month 5 (jimao through gengyin) — times not recorded.
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Solar and lunar anomalies: Chongde 7, month 4, gengxu — two suns rose together, the upper large and lower small; presently the greater sun dispersed and set. Shunzhi 1, month 2, guihai: a black spot appeared in the moon. Year 7, month 3, jiwei: the sun turned blood-red. Year 11, month 4, gengshen new moon: at sunrise the sun's color turned red; wuzi: the sun's color turned white. Year 14, month 2, yiyou: the sun turned blood-red. Kangxi 1, month 2, dingmao: the sun turned blood-red; wuchen: the sun rose the color of blood, without radiance. Year 13, month 6, bingwu: the moon sent forth a streak of light, pale white. Year 19, month 4, jisi: the sun turned red and lost its light. Year 21, month 6, yisi, start of xu hour: the sun cast forth two greenish rays. Qianlong 8, month 3, xinsi: the sun turned red and lost its light. Year 29, month 6, jiashen: the moon appeared at noon. Month 11, renzi: the same. Year 48, month 6, wuchen: a white ring issued from the sun's center and arched eastward into a full ring. Year 58, month 1, renzi: the sun formed a large reddish-yellow half-ring and a large full ring. Month 2, wuzi: the sun formed a large reddish-yellow half-ring.
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