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=志二十九=地理一直隸:禹貢冀、兗二州之域。 明為北京,置北平布政使司、萬全都指揮使司。 清順治初,定鼎京師,為直隸省。 置總督一,曰宣大。 (駐山西大同,轄宣府。 順治十三年裁。 )巡撫三:曰順天,(駐遵化,轄順天、永平二府。 康熙初裁。 )曰保定,(駐真定,轄保定、真定、順德、廣平、大名、河間六府。 順治十六年裁。 )曰宣府。 (駐宣府鎮,轄延慶、保安二州。 順治八年裁。 )五年,置直隸、山東、河南三省總督。 (駐大名。 )十六年,改為直隸巡撫。 (明年移駐真定。 )康熙八年,復移駐保定。 雍正二年,復改總督。 而府尹舊治順天,為定制。 (先是順治十八年增置直隸總督,亦駐大名。 康熙五年改三省總督,八年裁。 )康熙三十二年,改宣府鎮為宣化府。 (降延慶、保安二州隸之。 )雍正元年,置熱河廳,改真定為正定。 二年,增置定、冀、晉、趙、深五直隸州,張家口廳。 三年,升天津衛為直隸州,九年為府。 十年,置多倫諾爾廳。 十一年,熱河廳、易州並為直隸州。 十二年,置獨石口廳。 (降晉州隸正定。 )乾隆七年,承德仍為熱河廳。 八年,遵化升直隸州。 四十三年,復升熱河廳為承德府。 光緒二年,置圍場廳。 (隸承德。 )三十年,置朝陽府。 (明年置建平隸之。 )三十三年,升赤峰縣為直隸州。 (置開魯等四縣隸之。 )今京尹而外,領府十一,直隸州七,直隸廳三,散州九,散廳一,縣百有四。 北至內蒙古阿巴噶右翼旗界; (一千二百里。 )東至奉天寧遠州界; (六百八十里。 )南至河南蘭封縣界; (一千四百三十里。 )西至山西廣寧縣界。 (五百五十里。 )廣一千二百三十里,袤二千六百三十里。 宣統三年,編戶共四百九十九萬五千四百九十五,口二千三百六十一萬三千一百七十一。 (其山:恆山、太行。 其川:桑乾即永定、滹沱即子牙、衛、易、漳、白、灤。 其重險:井陘、山海、居庸、紫荊、倒馬諸關,喜峰、古北、獨石、張家諸口。 交通則航路:自天津東南通之罘、上海,東北營口,東朝鮮仁川、日本長崎。 鐵路:京津,津榆,京漢,正太,京張。 郵道:東出山海關達盛京綏中,西出紫荊關達山西靈丘,南涉平原達山東德州,北出古北口達熱河。 電線:西北通庫倫,西南通太原; 由天津東北通奉天; 海線自大沽東通之罘。 ):(明初曰北平府。 後建北京,復改。 自遼以來皆都此。 )正統六年,始定曰京師。 領州六,縣二十五。 順治初,京師置府尹、府丞、治中。 其順天巡撫駐遵化,康熙初裁。 十五年,升遵化為州。 二十七年,置四路同知,分轄所屬州、縣。 分隸通永、霸昌二道。 併兼統於直隸總督。 雍正元年,復以部院大臣兼管府事,特簡,無定員。 九年,置寧河。 乾隆八年,遵化復升直隸州,以玉田、豐潤屬之。 廣四百四十里,袤五百里。 北極高三十九度五十五分。 領州五,縣十九。 (遼,南京,今城西南,唐幽州籓鎮城也。 金增拓之。 至元而故址漸湮。 元之大都,則奄有今安定、德勝門外地。 明初縮城之北面,元制亦改。 永樂初,重拓南城,又非復洪武之故矣。 今皇城周十八里。 自正陽門之內曰大清門; 東南曰長安左門; 西南曰長安右門; 東曰東安門; 西曰西安門; 正北曰地安門,舊曰北安門,順治九年更名。 大清門之內曰天安門,舊曰承天門,順治八年改。 左太廟,右社稷壇。 鄉明而治,於茲宅中焉。 其內端門,左闕左門,右闕右門。 其內紫禁城在焉。 北枕景山,西衽西苑,苑有瀛臺,太液池環之。 南與端門屬者曰午門。 北神武門,東東華門,西西華門。 午門之內,東協和門,東出為文華殿; 西熙和門,西出為武英殿,舊曰雍和門,乾隆元年更名。 其正中太和門,左昭德門、體仁閣,右貞度門、宏義閣; 其內則太和、中和、保和三殿,至乾清門止。 東景運門,西隆宗門。 凡此皆曰外朝,制也。 外則京城,周四十里,為門九:南為正陽門,南之東崇文門,南之西宣武門,東之南朝陽門,東之北東直門,西之南阜成門,西之北西直門,北之東安定門,北之西德勝門。 皆沿明舊。 而八旗所居:鑲黃,安定門內; 正黃,德勝門內; 正白,東直門內; 鑲白,朝陽門內; 正紅,西直門內; 鑲紅,阜成門內; 正藍,崇文門內; 鑲藍,宣武門內。 星羅棋峙,不雜廁也。 外城長二十八里,為門七:南為永定門,左左安門,右右安門,東廣渠門,西廣寧門; 在東、西隅而北向者,東東便門,西西便門。 並明嘉靖中築。 鼓樓在地安門外,明永樂中毀,乾隆十二年重建。 )大興:(衝,繁,疲,難。 倚。 府東偏,隸西路廳。 北有榆河,自昌平入,納清河。 西北:玉河,自宛平入。 歧為二:一護城河,至崇文門外合泡子河; 一入德勝門為積水潭,即北海子,流為太液池,分為御溝。 又合德勝橋東南支津,復合又東,為通會河。 涼水河亦自宛平入,逕南苑,即南海子,龍、鳳二河出焉。 龍河淤。 南路廳駐黃村。 縣丞駐禮賢庄。 有青雲店、鳳河營、白塔村三鎮。 有采育營巡司。 有驛。 鐵路。 )宛平:(衝,繁,疲,難。 倚。 隸西路廳。 西山脈自太行,為神京右臂。 西北二十里甕山,其湖西海。 乾隆十五年賜山名曰萬壽,湖曰昆明。 有清漪園,光緒十五年改曰頤和。 相近玉泉山,清河、玉河源此。 玉河逕高梁橋,一曰高梁河。 永定河自懷來入,至盧師山西,亦曰盧溝河,錯出復入。 有灰壩、減河。 汛十二,石景山有南北岸同知:全轄者七,石景山、盧溝橋二、北頭工上、北頭工中、南頭工上、北二工下; 分轄者五,南頭工下、北頭工下、北二工上、南三工、北三工。 自順治八年至同治三年,改道十有六,截北流歸中泓,逕魚壩口、三鳳眼入海。 蓋道光二十二年以來,雖小潰徙,無害。 又涼水、檿牛、龍泉三河兼出西南。 西有海淀,有暢春、圓明二園,咸豐末毀。 西路廳駐盧溝橋,有巡司。 縣丞駐門頭溝。 又龐各庄、青白口、東齋堂巡司三。 沿河口、磨石口、榆垡、平羅營、五里坨、趙村、王平口、天津關鎮八。 鐵路。 )良鄉:(衝,繁,難。 府西南七十里。 隸西路廳。 永定河自宛平入。 汛四,並分轄,隸石景山南岸同知:北頭工下、北二工上、南頭工下、南二工。 康熙四十六年建金門石閘,後廢。 乾隆三年移建南二汛,改減水石壩仍曰金門閘。 永定減水壩十有七。 公村河自房山入,為檿牛河,復合茨尾河。 盧河自房山入,逕琉璃鎮曰琉璃河,納挾活河。 北有黃新莊行宮,南有郊勞臺。 縣丞駐趙村。 固節、長辛店二驛。 鐵路。 )固安:(繁,難。 府西百二十里。 隸南路廳。 永定河道南北岸同知、石景山同知駐。 永定河自宛平入。 汛六,隸南北岸同知,三角淀通判:全轄者二,南四工、北四工上; 分轄者四,南三工、北三工、北四工下、南五工。 拒馬岔河自涿入,舊有金門閘。 減河亦自涿入,納太平河,曰檿牛河,歧為黃家河,其西蜈蚣河,並淤。 東南十八里韓城。 南七十里四鋪頭。 有牛坨鎮。 縣驛一。 )永清:(簡。 府南少東百四十里。 隸南路廳。 三角淀通判駐。 永定河自固安入。 汛七,隸北岸同知:其通判全轄者三,南六工、北五工、北六工; 分轄者四,北四工下、南五工、南七工、北七工。 有信安鎮巡司,兼隸霸。 )東安:(簡。 府東南百四十里。 隸南路廳。 永定河自永清入。 汛三,並分轄,隸三角淀北通判:南七工、南八工上、北七工。 其故道淤。 鳳河自大興入。 有舊州鎮。 縣驛一。 )香河:(簡。 府東南百二十里。 隸東路廳。 西有北運河,自通入。 有王家務減河,雍正九年濬,長百四十里。 北窩頭河亦自通入。 縣驛一。 )通州:(衝,繁,疲,難。 府東四十里。 隸東路廳。 通永道、倉場總督駐。 順治十六年省漷縣入之。 管河州判駐。 白、榆、漒々三河並自順義入。 榆納通惠河,與白會,是為北運河,納涼水河。 漒々逕窩頭村曰窩頭河。 鳳河自東安入。 北門外石壩,州判掌之,十五京倉所漕。 其東土壩,州同掌之,州西中二倉所漕。 馬頭店、永樂店、馬駒橋三鎮。 潞河、和合二驛。 鐵路。 )三河:(衝,繁,難。 府東少北百十里。 隸東路廳。 西北盤龍山有行宮,乾隆十九年移大新莊。 北有泃河,自平谷入,側城東南。 西南:窩頭河,自通緣界入。 鮑丘河,古巨浸,源自塞外,淤。 今出西北田各庄,晴為枯渠,雨則洶注,俗曰瀉肚河。 有馬坊鎮。 縣驛一。 )武清:(衝,繁,疲。 府東南九十里。 隸東路廳。 西南:永定河自東安入。 汛三,隸三角淀北岸通判:南八工上、南八工下、北七工。 東北:北運河自香河入。 康熙三十八年決筐兒港,明年濬為減河,後淤。 同治末,復濬新減河。 寶坻北有鳳河自通入,雍正四年改自堠上村折南,下至天津雙口入淀。 三角淀一曰東淀,古雍奴藪,亙霸、文、東、武、靜、文、大七州縣境。 雍正四年,放永定於淀,塞且半,僅王慶坨一角耳。 乾隆十六年後,導河支貫淀而東,平蕪彌望。 管河同知駐河西務,通判楊村,並有驛。 八鎮:王慶坨、安平、桐柏、崔黃口、三里淺、南蔡村、筐兒港、黃花店。 )寶坻:(繁,疲,難。 府東少南百八十里。 隸東路廳。 北:薊運河自薊右會泃河緣界入,逕江寬村,鮑丘河自三河入,納窩頭河,褒針河注之。 又南有筐兒港新減河。 其北王家務減河淤。 知縣劉枝彥濬自大白庄至俵口,並修窩頭、褒針堤。 有玉甫營鎮。 縣驛一。 )寧河:(衝,繁,難。 府東南三百里。 隸東路廳。 雍正九年改明寶坻之梁城千戶所置。 海,東南九十里為北塘口。 薊運河自寶坻入,屈曲環城而南,有七里海,匯王家務、筐兒港二減河,播為罾口,寧車、沽二河分注之,復納金鐘河。 東南:大沽口界天津,海沙緣界入。 其北北塘口。 東南:盧臺鎮,天津河捕通判、通永鎮總兵駐。 有巡司、鹽大使。 北塘口、新河庄、營城三鎮。 )昌平州:(衝,繁,難。 府北九十里。 霸昌道駐。 北路廳駐鞏華城,州隸之。 北:天壽山,明十三陵在焉。 西北:榆河自延慶入,伏而復出,左合山水,右納南沙河。 又東,龍泉河會絳州營河注之。 七渡河亦自延慶入。 其南九渡河、檿牛河,並出東北。 邊牆西首廟兒港口,東至糜子峪口。 汛四:橫嶺路、鎮邊城、常峪城、白羊口。 又訖慕田峪口,汛一:黃花路。 湯山、藺溝行宮二。 港泉營、牛房、奤夿屯、沙屯、高麗營、藺溝、前營、前屯、皁角屯,凡九鎮。 榆河驛,州治,及回龍觀,二。 )順義:(衝,難。 府東北六十里。 隸北路廳。 北:牛欄山。 白河自懷柔入,逕東麓,合懷河。 其東狐奴山,漒々河出焉,一名箭桿河。 絳州營河出縣西,納檿牛河。 又榆河自大興入。 三家店、南石槽行宮二。 二鎮:漕河營、楊各庄。 縣驛一。 )密雲:(衝,繁,難。 府東北百三十里。 隸北路廳。 縣南:密雲山。 東:九松山,舊曰九庄嶺。 西有沽河,自灤平入,合白馬關河,是為白河。 右出一支津。 潮河亦自灤平入,合湯河,又納乾塔河,側城西南來會,俗亦曰潮白河。 潮河營,提督駐。 古北口關,副都統、巡司駐。 西營二:石塘路、石匣城。 汛二:潮河川、白馬關口。 東營二:曹家路、牆子路。 汛五:司馬臺、黑峪關、吉家營、楊家堡、鎮羅關。 有劉家莊、羅家橋、要亭庄三行宮。 鳳皇、石匣二驛。 )懷柔:(衝,繁。 府東北百里。 隸北路廳。 棽髻山、祗園寺行宮二。 石河出其東,下流為洳河。 白河自密雲入,其支津亦自縣入,納雁溪水,復合。 西:七渡河自昌平入,合九渡河,側城東南,合小泉河,曰懷河。 有汛。 縣驛一。 )涿州:(衝,繁,難。 府西南百四十里。 隸西路廳。 西:獨鹿山。 東北:永定河自良鄉入。 其金門閘引河,淤。 西北:拒馬岔河自房山分入而合,胡良河合杖引泉注之。 至浮洛營東,挾活河錯入復出,注琉璃河。 又東納檿牛河,淤,歧溝。 西南:督亢陂。 東南:古涿水,湮。 有王家店、松木店、柳河營、馬溝村、長溝五鎮。 涿鹿驛。 )房山:(繁,難。 府西南九十里。 隸西路廳。 西南:大房山,一曰大防山,有溝山峰。 雍正八年,鳳凰集此。 又石經山。 龍泉河,古防水,二源,出西北大安山,東南流,曰盧河。 有沙河,環城,合壩兒河注之,是為琉璃河。 拒馬河自淶水入,緣界逕鐵鎖崖,岔河出焉。 歧為二。 其東杖引泉。 胡良河、挾活河並出西南,而茨尾河、雅河出東北。 又順水河自宛平入。 有磁家務巡司。 有吉陽驛。 )霸州:(衝,繁。 府南百八十里。 隸南路廳。 玉帶河自保定入為大清河。 河南支徑苑家口曰會同河。 中支中亭河,亦自保定入,逕栲栳圈,納檿牛河,又歧為北支,下流為辛張河,復錯入檿牛、黃家河,視永定為盈涸。 北支,古運糧河。 光緒初,游擊陳本榮濬之,復修蒼兒淀堤,植柳六萬一千株。 行宮二:一太堡村,一蘇橋鎮。 有主簿,兼隸文安。 又信安鎮巡司,兼隸永清。 有益津驛。 )文安:(繁,難。 府南少東三百四十里。 隸南路廳。 大清河三支並自霸入,趨東淀。 其北、中二支合於勝芳西,曰辛張河。 文安窪周三百里,有火燒、牛台、麻窪諸淀。 光緒八年,濬臺頭以下河道,長千九百二十丈。 左家莊有行宮。 縣驛一。 )大城:(繁,難。 府東南三百九十里。 隸南路廳。 西北:會同河自文安入,逕臺頭村,有行宮。 大清河、辛張河並自文安入。 子牙河自河間入,舊納古洋河,光緒中,改自獻之朱家口,故渠久湮。 又黑龍港西支自青入,合東支河。 )保定:(簡。 府南少西二百里。 隸南路廳。 西南:大清河自雄入,曰玉帶河,逕張青口,口西西淀,東東淀,乾隆二十八年界之。 又北合趙王河,至盧各庄,康熙中,導為中亭河,合十望河入霸。 縣驛一。 )薊州:(衝,繁。 府東少北百八十里。 隸東路廳。 西北:盤山與桃花山、葛山,有行宮三。 薊運河自明天順初引潮河溯今州,後廢。 順治初復濬,以豐陵粢其上源。 梨河東自遵化入,合淋河,至城南五里橋,始曰薊運河。 折南,泃河出州北黃崖口外,錯出至三河,復緣界來會。 汛四:黃花店、青山嶺、黃崖關、將軍石關。 有漁陽驛。 平谷:簡。 府東北百五十里。 隸北路廳。 東北:泃河自薊入,合獨樂河,側城西南,會石河,即洳河。 縣驛一。 ):(衝,繁,疲,難。 隸清河道。 明,領州三,縣十七。 )康熙八年,自真定移巡撫於此,為直隸省治。 雍正二年,改總督。 布政使、清河道等同駐。 十二年,升易州為直隸州,以淶水屬之。 又改深澤屬定州。 道光中,省新安。 東北距京師三百五十里。 廣三百五十里,袤四百里。 北極高三十八度五十一分。 京師偏西五十二分。 領州二,縣十四。 清苑:衝,繁,疲,難。 倚。 清苑河即府河,古瀋水上游。 奇村河自滿城入,合白草溝,環城,左納徐河溝,又東合金線河。 唐河自望都入,合陽城河,納齊賢庄河,今淤; 咸豐中,南徙; 同治末,益南入蠡,至安州,復緣界入,下與府河會,為大清河中支。 有大激店鎮,張登店巡司,金臺驛。 鐵路。 滿城:衝。 府西少北四十里。 西南:抱陽山。 西有渝河,自易州入而伏,至縣東涌為一畝、雞距二泉,合申泉,為奇村河。 方順河自完縣入,歧為白草溝、金線河。 徐河自易州入,一曰大冊河,東入安肅。 千里長堤,首縣境,訖獻縣臧家橋,亙順、保、河三府。 河丞駐方順橋鎮。 有陘陽驛。 安肅:衝。 府北少東四十五里。 西有黑山。 西南:益村嶺。 雹河自易州入,合曲水河,至城北納雞爪泉河,下至新安入淀。 其北萍泉河自定興入,東入容城,其支津自城西右出,與曹河併入安州。 有梁門陂、白溝驛。 鐵路。 定興:衝,繁。 府北少東百二十里。 北有拒馬自淶水入,逕城西而南,納中、北二易水及馬村河,緣界入容城、新城為界水。 北又有界河。 西南:雞爪河。 東南:藍溝。 有范陽陂、固城鎮、宣化驛。 鐵路。 新城:衝,繁。 府東北百五十里。 南有拒馬,自定興緣界,其岔河北自固安入,至十九垡左導為蘆僧引河,今淤。 又西南合紫泉河、斗門河,納藍溝河,即界河錯出復入者。 又南曰白溝河,入容城復合。 有方官、新橋、白溝三鎮。 汾水驛。 唐:簡。 府西少南百二十里。 北有堯山。 東北:望都山。 西北:大茂山。 西有唐河,古滱水,自廣昌入,錯出,左合倒流河。 西:雹水,右納恆河、馬泥河、唐河。 又東北有放水河。 倒馬關西北有岳嶺、柳角安、軍城鎮、周家堡四口。 橫河口巡司。 縣驛一。 博野:疲。 府南九十五里。 東南:豬龍河自安平緣界入,一曰蟾河,屈南逕白塔村入蠡。 唐河自清苑入。 縣驛一。 望都:衝,難。 府西南八十里。 舊曰慶都,乾隆十一年改。 東南:唐河自定州入。 有九龍泉,環城珠涌,東出為龍泉河。 有翟城驛。 容城:簡。 府東北九十里。 北有拒馬河,西支自定興緣界入,與東支白溝河合。 西清而弱,東濁而強。 又雹河自安肅入,其萍河涸。 縣驛一。 完:簡。 府西少南七十里。 西:伊祁山,祁水出焉,即曲逆河。 圖經惡其名,改方順。 納放水河。 其舊所合蒲河,涸。 唐河自其縣再錯入,合清水河。 蠡:繁,難。 府南少東九十里。 南:豬龍河自博野入,一曰楊村河。 唐河自博野入,自道光初北徙。 河丞駐仉村。 縣驛一。 雄:衝,繁,難。 府東北百二十里。 西淀,縣南。 亙安州、高陽、任丘,周三百三十里,匯府境諸水,所謂「七十二清河」。 趙北口扼其中。 橋十二。 四角河自安州入,出第五橋,曰大清河,錯出復入。 白溝河自容城入,南及大港、柴禾二淀。 大清河乃改由藥王行宮北與會。 有歸義驛。 祁州:簡。 府南少西百二十里。 南有滹沱北支,自深澤緣界。 其北豬龍河,匯定州滱、沙、滋三水。 滱即唐,嘉慶初徙,孟良河奪之。 是為豬龍河。 又南逕程各庄入博野。 縣驛一。 束鹿:繁,難。 府南少西二百四十里。 西北:滹沱自晉州入深州為南支,其支津入安平,同治十年所徙。 其故道七。 縣丞駐小章村。 縣驛一。 安州:簡。 府東少北六十里。 道光十二年以新安省入。 府河、唐河自清苑入而合,納曹河,逕城北為依城河,右注白洋淀,與豬龍河自高陽入者相望也。 左注雜淀,復合為四殳河,亦曰四角河。 西淀都九十有九,白洋最廣,次燒車,雜淀最★。 新安鄉行宮二。 州驛一。 高陽:簡。 府東南六十五里。 西北:唐河自蠡入,亦曰土尾河。 東南:豬龍河亦自蠡入,順治中,復決布里村,故亦曰布里河。 舊合泔河,即高河,縣氏焉,淤。 縣驛一。 :(衝,繁。 隸清河道。 總兵駐。 明曰真定。 領州五,縣二十七。 )雍正元年曰正定。 二年,升冀、趙、深、定、晉為五直隸州,以南宮等十七縣屬之。 十二年,降晉州,並所屬無極、𧦬城與定州、新樂還來隸。 東距省治二百九十里。 廣二百七十里,袤三百八十里。 北極高三十八度十一分。 京師偏西一度四十八分。 領州一,縣十三。 正定:衝,繁,難。 倚。 舊曰真定,雍正元年改。 西有滹沱,自平山入。 有冶河故道二。 其北林濟河,合西北諸泉及旺泉河。 又北,滋河自新樂入,伏而東。 滹沱性善徙,滏北滋南,百數十里沖漫幾遍。 今河乃同治七年改決,為康熙中東入深、安、饒故道。 有恆山、伏城二驛。 獲鹿:衝。 府西南六十里。 南有封龍山。 北:五峰山,洨水出焉。 合小沙、左金河。 西有鹿泉水,東至大要舍納冶河。 今淤。 有鎮寧驛。 井陘:簡。 府西南百三十里。 井陘山東北有關。 北:綿蔓河自山西平定州入,合甘淘河,一曰微水。 折北,左得金珠泉,至東冶村曰冶河。 西南:固關,寄平定州,置參將。 其北:娘子關。 有汛。 邊牆西北首達滴岩,南訖楊庄口。 有陘山驛。 阜平:簡。 府西北二百十里。 順治末,省。 康熙二十二年,復置。 大茂山東北,平陽河出焉。 沙河自山西繁峙入,納靈丘北流、鷂子諸河曰派河,又東合班峪、燕支諸河。 又汊河出縣南白蛇嶺。 邊牆東北首落路口,西南訖當城河口。 有龍泉關、長城嶺。 汛東有王快鎮。 康熙中,縣寄此。 又茨溝營鎮。 縣驛一。 欒城:簡。 府南六十里。 西有洨河,自獲鹿入,納北沙、金水二河。 南、西有故城二。 關城驛。 行唐:簡。 府北七十五里。 西北:箕山,郜河出其北兩嶺口,合甘泉河、龍門溝,側城東南,合賈木溝。 北:派河自曲陽入,合曲河。 西:滋河自靈壽入而伏。 靈壽:簡。 府西北六十里。 南:滹沱自平山緣界合松陽河、衛河。 衛河,禹貢衛水也。 西北:滋河自山西五臺入,納汊河。 又東南合慈峪河,亦曰慈河,入行唐。 邊牆北首白草溝口,南訖車孤駝口。 有叉頭鎮巡司。 乾隆中移慈峪鎮。 平山:簡。 府西少北八十里。 西北有房山,濊河出焉,古石臼水,今湮。 滹沱自山西五臺首入縣西北,始出山。 又納冶河,始湍悍。 邊牆北首合河口,南訖清風口。 有洪子店巡司。 元氏:簡。 府南少西九十里。 西北:封龍山,北泜水所出,下流入胡盧河。 無極水南入贊皇會南源,復入而合,錯出復入,至紙屯村與槐河會。 豬龍河自縣西匯諸山水,北沙河出割髭嶺,今並涸。 其南金水河,東入欒城。 縣驛一。 贊皇:簡。 府西南百二十里。 雍正三年自趙州來隸。 西南:贊皇山,泲河出焉。 其北泜河,南源二,出可蘭、四望二山。 槐河二源,一黃沙嶺,一紙糊套山,今並涸。 王家坪鎮,咸豐末改汛。 縣驛一。 晉州:簡。 府東少西南九十里。 西北:滹沱自無極入。 同治十年,改自𧦬城入。 又故道二。 有驛。 無極:簡。 府東七十里。 雍正二年改屬晉州,十二年復。 滹沱河自𧦬城入,再錯出,復入,逕東漢村,復歧為二。 其滋河入逕縣南,屈東又北。 木刀溝自新樂入,合護城河,錯出復入,併入深澤。 縣驛一。 𧦬城:簡。 府東南五十里。 雍正二年改屬晉州,十二年復。 滹沱自正定入,合西韓、旺泉二河。 順、康中再決,並東南過周頭入白牧河。 滋河自正定、木刀溝自新樂入,與王莽溝並涸。 縣驛一。 新樂:衝,疲。 府東北七十五里。 雍正二年改屬定州,十二年復。 派河自行唐入,合郜河。 木刀溝出平山之濊河,滋河奪之。 順治中,知縣林華皖濬自西南閔泉鎮。 嘉慶初,滋之支津復自正定入奪之,錯出復入,合浴河。 縣驛一。 :(衝,繁,難。 總兵駐。 順治初,置大順廣道。 雍正初,改清河道,十一年,復置。 初沿明制,領州一,縣十。 )雍正三年,割內黃、濬、滑分隸河南彰德、衛輝。 乾隆二十三年,省魏縣分入大名、元城。 東北距省治八百里。 廣二百里,袤三百七十里。 北極高三十度二十一分三十秒。 京師偏西一度六分。 領州一,縣六。 大名:衝,繁,難。 倚。 府南偏。 明徙府南八里南樂鎮。 乾隆二十二年𡉏於漳,復故,惟縣丞駐。 衛河自河南內黃入。 其新衛河自清豐入,錯出復入來會。 漳河自臨漳分入,一入衛,一至府治南為漳河引河。 東有縣故城三。 東北:小灘鎮,嘉慶中置河主簿。 縣驛一。 元城:繁。 倚。 府北偏。 故城三。 東南:衛河自大名入。 其漳水引河,古漳河入,逕北張庄而合,並東入館陶。 東南:馬頰河自南樂入。 縣驛一。 南樂難。 府東南五十里。 嘉慶二十一年,新開衛河始自大名入。 光緒十四年後,漳河始自其縣來會。 西有朱龍河、岳儒固河,東六塔廢河,並自清豐入。 又東:龍窩河自山東觀城入,至龍窩村止。 夏秋霪潦,輒復瀰漫。 然六塔平壤故有順水溝,康熙中,知縣王培宗濬; 光緒二十一年,原思瀛再濬,命曰永順,邑賴之。 清豐難。 府南少東九十里。 西有廣陽山。 衛河自河南內黃緣界。 西有古馬頰河。 朱龍河自開入。 有順河堡鎮。 縣驛一。 東明:繁,疲,難。 府南二百二十里。 西有黃河自長垣入。 自明以來,在縣境者三徙:嘉慶八年奪洪河,二十四年奪漆河,咸豐五年奪賈魯河,後復北徙為今瀆。 南有杜勝集鎮。 雍正十年改守備置都司,明年置巡司。 舊有通判,道光中裁。 開州:繁,疲,難。 府南百二十里。 同、光中,黃河自東明潰入者六道,合而復分。 北支古瓠子河,一曰毛相河,故小渠,康熙中決荊隆口,始大。 南支古濮渠,併入山東濮州。 又有黃河故道二,曰古馬頰河、古朱龍河。 又硝河自河南滑縣入,亦曰馬頰河。 徐鎮堡、兩門集、井店集、柳下屯四鎮。 呂丘堡,州判駐。 古定鎮有廢巡司。 州驛一。 長垣:繁,疲,難。 府西南二百九十里。 東有黃河自河南蘭封入,舊逕盤岡里,咸豐八年徙蘭岡,同治二年復折西自蘭通集至舊城口為今瀆。 縣丞駐大黃集。 有大岡廢巡司。 縣驛一。 :衝。 隸大順廣道。 東北距省治五百七十里。 廣二百八十里,袤百五十里。 北極高三十七度七分。 京師偏西一度四十九分。 領縣九。 邢臺:衝,繁,難。 倚。 西:封山。 野河出西北馬嶺口,淤。 今自內丘入,會稻畦、漿水、路羅三川為洪河。 北有達活河,合沙應河。 又有百泉河,右會七里河。 西:黃村巡司。 有龍岡驛。 鐵路。 沙河:衝。 府南三十五里。 沙河自河南武安入,會邢臺之洪河。 右出支津,逕城南而東,納西狼溝水,其東即東狼溝。 縣驛一。 鐵路。 南和:繁,疲。 府東南四十里。 西:百泉河自邢臺入。 沙河支津亦自其縣入,合東狼溝。 其正渠曰乾河。 又東洺河、劉壘河,自雞澤入。 有驛。 鐵路。 平鄉:疲,難。 府東八十里。 東:滏陽河自雞澤入。 西:劉壘河自南和入。 縣驛一。 廣宗:疲。 府東百二十里。 漳河故道二,康熙二十六年溢,知縣吳存禮增築東西堤萬九千餘丈。 縣驛一。 鉅鹿:疲,難。 府東百十里。 鉅鹿藪即大陸澤。 滏陽河自任入。 老漳河,康熙中徙,廢。 縣驛一。 唐山:簡。 府東北八十里。 有宣務山。 泜河、李陽河、柳林河,並自內丘入。 有驛。 內丘:衝。 府北六十里。 鵲山一曰龍騰山,龍騰水出焉,匯西山九龍水,東流為柳林河。 其西麓姑腦,泜河南源出焉,錯出復入,其泜河第二川、第三川合為野河。 有中丘驛。 鐵路。 任:簡。 府東北四十里。 滏陽河自平鄉入。 有大陸澤,納九河八水,東溢為雞爪河來會。 澤舊亙鉅鹿、隆平、寧晉境,滹、漳、滏湊焉。 今滹北,漳南,滏亦東徙。 大陸在任者南泊,即張家泊,在寧晉者北泊,即寧晉泊。 縣驛一。 :簡。 隸大順廣道。 明,領縣九。 雍正初,怡賢親王以滏河故,奏割河南彰德之磁州來隸。 東北距省治六百八十里。 廣三百五十里,袤百八十里。 北極高三十六度四十六分三十秒。 京師偏西一度三十五分。 領州一,縣九。 永年:衝,繁,難。 倚。 西北:婁山。 東北:沙河,自沙河入。 南:洺河,自河南武安入。 乾隆中,決入牛尾河,同治末,復故。 東南:滏陽河,自邯鄲入,歧為劉壘河,即牛尾河。 有八閘,並引滏溉田萬九千餘畝。 臨洺關通判,道光中裁,移河務同知駐此。 縣驛一。 曲周:繁。 府東北四十里。 西南:滏陽河自永年入。 漳河故道東南,自明萬曆初挾滏而北,康熙十年始南徙,四十七年益南,逕大名、元城。 縣驛一。 肥鄉:簡。 府東南四十里。 東西漳河故道二。 東有舊店營。 康熙中,縣寄此。 縣驛一。 雞澤:疲,難。 府東北六十里。 東滏陽自曲周入,右導為興隆河。 西有沙、洺、牛尾,自永年入。 廣平:簡。 府東南六十里。 漳河故道舊自成安入,其支津拳壯河,並湮。 縣驛一。 邯鄲:衝,繁,難。 府西南五十里。 西北:紫山。 西:靈山。 東北:滏陽河自磁入,合渚河、沁河、輸黿河。 有叢臺驛。 鐵路。 成安:簡。 府南少西六十里。 洹、漳故道並自河南臨漳入。 順、康中,漳河再毀城垣。 乾隆末,改自其縣三臺入衛。 威難。 府東北百一十里。 南有漳河故道。 張臺村廢巡司。 縣驛一。 清河:簡。 府東百八十里。 清河故瀆,縣西。 衛河自山東臨清緣界入。 其武城,古屯氏別河。 西北:漳河故道。 雍正中,移縣丞駐油房口,兼巡司事。 縣驛一。 磁州:衝,繁,難。 府西南百二十里。 雍正四年,自河南彰德來隸。 西有神麕山。 釜山,滏水南北源出焉。 合羊渠河、泥河,東播為五爪渠。 環城,復歧為三,合檿牛河、澗水。 漳河自河南涉縣入。 州判駐彭城鎮。 有滏陽驛。 :(衝,繁,疲,難。 初隸天津道。 明,衛,河間地。 )雍正三年為直隸州,以順天之武清,河間之青、靜海來屬。 武清尋還舊隸。 九年升府,置附郭縣。 降滄州並所屬三縣來隸。 天津道、總兵、長蘆鹽運司、通永鎮總兵駐。 咸豐十年,海禁洞開,置三口通商大臣。 同治九年,廢為津海關道,以總督兼北洋欽差大臣,駐保定,半歲一移節。 府城,三岔口西南。 光緒庚子,拳匪亂,夷為平地。 西距省治四百六十里。 廣二百二十里,袤三百八十里。 北極高三十九度十分。 京師偏東四十七分。 領州一,縣六。 天津:衝,繁,疲,難。 倚。 雍正九年置。 海,東南百二十里。 北運河自武清入,匯大清、永定、子牙、南運為海河,逕紫竹林,歷二十一沽,左右引河以十數,至大沽口入焉。 大沽鎮有協及同知。 雍正初,置天津水師營。 同治初,置機器局。 後建新城砲臺,與大沽砲臺相聲勢。 新城有海防同知。 長蘆場八,自山海關至山東樂陵,袤八百餘里。 豐財場東南葛沽與西沽、楊青巡司三。 大沽、三河、頭氵旱溝、蒲溝、鹹水沽、雙港、北馬頭、趙家場八鎮。 楊青水、陸二驛。 航路:東南駛之罘、上海,東北駛營口,東駛朝鮮仁川與日本長崎。 鐵路:京津,津榆,津保,津浦□焉。 青:衝,繁,疲,難。 府西南百六十里。 順治末,省興濟入之。 雍正三年自河間來隸。 南運河自滄州入,有興濟減河。 西:黑龍港河自河間入,東南:滹、漳故渠二。 長蘆鎮,縣南七十里,有鹽運司,今移天津。 有流河管河主簿。 興濟、杜林二鎮巡司。 河東、馬廠二汛。 流河、乾平二水驛。 靜海:衝,繁,疲,難。 府西南七十里。 雍正三年自河間來隸。 南:南運河自青入,右出為靳官屯減河。 西:子牙河自大城入,納黑龍港河。 西北:大清河亦入,納支津辛張河。 有獨流鎮巡司。 有奉新驛。 滄州:衝,繁,疲,難。 府西南二百里。 明屬河間。 雍正七年升直隸州,尋降來隸。 海,東百三十里。 南運河自南皮入,右出為捷地減河。 其北興濟減河自青入。 其南石碑河上承王莽河,自南皮入,匯為母瀦港,至歧口入焉。 東南:宣惠河亦自南皮入。 有嚴鎮場鹽大使。 磚河、祁口、捷地、舊州四鎮。 風化店、孟村、李村三巡司。 磚河水、陸二驛。 南皮:繁,難。 府西南二百七十里。 雍正中,自滄州來隸。 南運河自東光緣界。 宣惠河自東光入,歧為王莽河。 津河自寧津數錯入。 有薛家窩、馮家口二鎮。 新橋驛。 鹽山:繁。 府南二百六十里。 雍正中,自滄州來隸。 海,東北百二十里。 宣惠河自州入。 古黃河鬲津自南皮入,錯出復入,併入山東樂陵。 東有廢無棣溝。 海豐場在羊兒庄,與舊縣置巡司二。 狼坨子、韓村、高家灣三鎮。 慶雲:簡。 府東南三百二十里。 雍正中,自滄州來隸。 鬲津自鹽山錯入,納胡蘇、覆釜二河。 馬頰河自樂陵入,入山東海豐。 縣驛一。 :(衝,繁,難。 隸清河道。 明,領州二,縣十六。 )雍正三年,升天津衛為直隸州。 順治末,省興濟入青。 至是以青、靜海屬之。 七年,復升滄州,以東光、南皮、鹽山、慶雲屬之。 九年,東光還隸。 北距省治百四十里。 廣二百里,袤三百八十里。 北極高三十八度三十分。 京師偏西十七分。 領州一,縣十。 河間:衝,繁,難。 倚。 子牙河、黑龍港河自獻入。 西有古洋河,合唐河。 同治末,滹沱逕此,後廢。 縣丞駐東城鎮。 又二十里鋪、臥佛堂、沙河橋、崇仙、新村五鎮。 景和鎮、北魏村二巡司。 有瀛海驛。 獻:衝,繁,疲,難。 府南少東五十五里。 西南:滏陽自武強入,歧為滹沱別河。 東北:三黑龍港河與南亭子河並湮。 淮、商家林二鎮。 有樂成驛。 阜城:衝。 府南少東百四十里。 西:漳河自景州入。 東南:古沙河,即屯氏河,亦自景入,亦曰漫河。 有漫河驛。 肅寧:簡。 府西四十里。 古唐河自饒陽入,涸。 古洋河自獻入。 豬龍河舊自高、蠡間溢入為中堡河,又東歧為玉帶河,今並湮。 有阜城驛。 任丘:衝,繁,難。 府北六十七里。 四角河自安州入,出趙北口。 東:大港引河。 同治末,復濬為趙王新河,下注清苑玉帶河,並移鄚州東汛縣丞駐此。 有廢洋河。 古州鎮。 鄚城驛。 交河:繁,疲,難。 府東南百一十里。 南運河自東光緣界。 其西漫河、漳河、亭子河、滹沱別河,並涸。 有泊頭鎮河主簿及廢巡司。 高川鎮。 富庄驛。 有丞,裁。 寧津:簡。 府東南二百三十里。 古黃河鬲津自吳橋入。 南有土河,舊自山東德州入,下至慶雲為限河。 或亦曰馬頰河。 有包頭鎮。 有驛。 景州:繁,難。 府東南百九十里。 南運河自山東德州緣界。 古沙河自故城入,曰大洋河。 曲流河自故城入,曰江江河,合為漫河。 又西北有廢漳河。 劉智廟、安陵、連窩三鎮。 龍華鎮巡司。 有東光驛。 吳橋:繁,難。 府東南二百四十里。 西:南運河自山東德州緣界入。 東:宣惠河。 又東:沙河,古黃河鬲津,今四女寺減河,鉤盤河,今哨馬營減河,自德州入而合。 有龍華鎮巡司。 連窩鎮河丞。 分隸景州。 有水驛丞,裁。 東光:繁,疲,難。 府東南百六十里。 南運河自吳橋入。 東:宣惠河,合沙河、漫河自景、阜城分入而合。 有燈明寺村、夏口二鎮。 馬頭驛。 故城:疲,難。 府南少東二百八十里。 南運河自山東入。 武城緣界入。 德州西北屯氏二支曰古沙河、曲流河,並出縣西。 有廢漳河,即黃瀘河。 縣丞駐鄭家口。 有營。 甘陵驛。 :(衝,繁,難。 隸熱河道。 明,諾音、泰寧二衛。 天順後,烏梁海居,又並於察哈爾。 順治初,內屬。 )康熙四十二年,建避暑山莊於熱河,歲巡幸焉。 五十二年,城之。 雍正元年,置廳。 十一年,置承德直隸州。 乾隆七年,仍為廳。 四十三年為府。 置州一,縣五。 嘉慶十五年,置熱河道都統。 並轄內蒙古東二盟十六旗,又附西勒圖庫倫喇嘛一旗。 光緒初,置圍場廳。 三十年,朝陽升府。 以建昌隸之。 廳隸宣化。 三十三年,赤峰復升直隸州。 西南距省治七百八十里。 廣一千二百里,袤八百里。 北極高四十一度十分。 京師偏東一度三十分。 領州一,縣三。 府東:天橋山。 西:廣仁嶺,本墨斗嶺,康熙末更名。 熱河,古武列水。 西源固都爾呼河,自豐寧入,納中源茅溝河即默沁河,東源賽音河,逕磬錘峰,合溫泉,始曰熱河。 灤河自灤平入合之。 又東合白河、老牛河,折南納柳河。 其西黃花川、黑河,其東瀑河自平泉再錯入。 瀑河併入遷安。 伊遜河出圍場伊遜色欽,南入豐寧。 又西有乾塔河,入密云。 有釣魚臺、黃土坎、中關、張三營四行宮。 邊牆北首漢兒嶺,南訖黑塔關口。 有唐三營、中關、下板城、新漳子、六溝、二溝、三溝、茅溝八鎮。 石片子巡司。 熱河驛。 灤平:衝,難。 府西南六十里。 明,諾音衛。 乾隆七年,置哈喇河屯廳,四十三年改。 西:棽髻山。 西南:青石梁。 西北:灤河自豐寧入,合興州河。 左伊遜河入府界。 潮河自豐寧入。 西南:沽河自獨石口廳入,與湯河、紅土峪、馮家峪、黃崖口、水峪、白道峪、大水峪諸河併入密云。 其西雁溪河入懷柔。 有喀喇河屯、王家營、常山峪、兩間房、巴克什營五行宮。 邊牆東首漢兒嶺,西訖幵連口。 喀喇河屯、大店子、三道梁、馬圈子、紅旗、呼什哈、喇嘛洞七鎮。 𩣑匠營巡司。 縣驛一。 平泉州:衝,繁,難。 府東百五十里。 明,諾音衛。 雍正七年置八溝廳,為南境。 乾隆四十三年改置。 西有納喇蘇臺山、察罕陀羅海山。 錫伯河出其東。 熱河東源賽音河。 中源默沁河並出西北入府界。 瀑河一曰柳河,四源合於元惠州故城西,曰察罕河,逕寬城西曰寬河,入遷安。 老哈河古託紇臣水,俗省曰老河,出喀喇沁右翼南百九十里永安山,亦曰察罕河,與奇札爾台河會,又北合霍爾霍克河、布爾罕烏蘭善河、烏魯頭臺河,又東北合昆都倫河,入建昌。 大寧城東北八十里,州判駐。 有七溝營、丫頭溝、暖泉、櫻桃溝、龍鬚門、波羅樹、他拉波羅窪、臥佛寺八鎮。 八溝稅務司。 州驛一。 豐寧:繁,難。 府西北二百六十里。 明,諾音衛。 乾隆元年置四旗廳。 四十三年改。 西北:赫山、苔山,玲瓏峰舊曰興隆山,乾隆十九年更名。 東有熱河西源,自圍場入,逕固都爾呼嶺,曰固都爾呼河,入府界。 北:上都河自多倫廳入,納小灤河,曰灤河。 其西興州河,出西北呼爾山。 潮河,古洫水,一曰鮑丘水,出縣西大閣北七十里城根營。 又湯河出十八盤嶺。 東北:伊遜河自府界入,納伊瑪圖河,併入灤平。 有波羅河屯、黃姑屯、什巴爾台、濟爾哈朗圖四行宮。 荒地、鄧家柵、上黃旗、林家營、森吉圖、白虎溝六鎮。 郭家屯、大閣兒、黃姑屯、土板四巡司。 縣驛一。 隆化光緒三十年以張三營子置。 有巡司管典史事。 與郭家屯、黃姑屯二。 :(繁,疲,難。 隸熱河道。 明,營州衛。 後入泰寧衛。 )乾隆三年,置塔子溝廳,為東境。 三十九年,析置三座塔廳。 四十三年,置朝陽縣。 光緒三十年,以墾地多熟,升府,以建昌隸之。 又置縣三。 西南距省治一千四百二十里。 北極高四十一度四十五分。 京師偏東四度二十三分。 領縣四。 西北:潢河自內蒙古阿魯科爾沁旗入。 西南:大凌河自建昌入,合南土河,逕西平房西,左合卑克努河,察罕河,又東合布爾噶蘇臺河,又東至龍城,一曰三座塔城。 左合固都河、涼水河,至金教寺東北,左合土河,入盛京義州。 小凌河出縣屬土默特右翼明安喀喇山。 三源:中明安河,南穆壘河,北參柳水,東南流,合哈柳圖河,入奉天錦縣。 養息牧河二源,並出喀爾喀左翼,東南流,合好來昆德河、鴨子河,入奉天廣寧。 柳邊南首建昌,北訖科爾沁左翼。 門五:新臺、松嶺子、九官臺、清河、白土廠。 有六家子、波羅赤、三道梁、青溝四鎮。 三進塔稅務司。 縣驛一。 建昌:繁,難。 府西南二百六十里。 明,營州廢衛。 乾隆四十三年以塔子溝廳西境置。 光緒三十年自承德來隸。 北有固爾班圖勒噶山。 東南:巴顏濟魯克山。 東有布祜圖山,漢白狼山,白狼水出焉,今曰大凌河。 南源出喀喇沁右翼南土心塔,會中源克爾、東源牛錄,入朝陽。 北:漆河自灤平逕縣西入遷安。 蒐濟河出喀喇沁左翼東南毛頭泊,入奉天錦州。 北有潢河自赤峰入,會老哈河。 河自平泉入,合伯爾克河,錯出復入。 英金河亦自縣來會,復合落馬河,東北至谷口。 乾隆八年,更名敖漢玉瀑,與潢河會,又東入朝陽。 柳邊北首朝陽,南訖臨榆。 門一:梨樹溝。 有貝子口琴、波羅索他拉、胡吉爾圖、大城子四鎮。 縣丞駐東北四家子鎮。 塔子溝稅務司。 蟒庄巡司。 縣驛一。 :(繁,難。 明,諾音衛。 )雍正七年置八溝廳,為北境。 乾隆二十九年,析置烏蘭哈達廳。 四十三年,置赤峰縣,隸承德府。 光緒三十三年,升直隸州。 (增置林西。 )西南距省治千三百二十里。 北極高四十二度三十分。 京師偏東二度四十五分。 領縣一。 (潢河自圍場入州北二百餘里之巴林旗。 東南:老哈河,自平泉逕東南隅,納伯爾克河,北入建昌。 英金河,古饒樂水,三源自圍場入,合於色哷,圍場西南折東,合巴顏郭河、色哷河、壘爾根烏里雅蘇河,入翁牛特右旗,合奇布楚河、鴨子河,又南會使力嘎河,其上游納林錫爾哈河。 木蘭東北諸水,匯於英金,東南諸水,匯於錫爾哈,三源合北流,合克依呼河,入平泉合克勒河,始入州,西北會烏拉臺河。 錫伯河亦自平泉來,與英金河會。 英金河又東合卓索河,入建昌。 烏拉臺河三源,亦木蘭諸水所匯,東流合默爾根精奇尼河,阿濟格赴河、噶海圖河、布獲圖河。 有杜梨子溝、哈拉木頭、四道梁、音只嘎梁四鎮。 縣丞駐西北大廟鎮。 有烏蘭哈達稅務司。 有驛。 )林西:(州西北四百十八里。 光緒三十三年以巴林察罕木倫河西北地置。 ):(衝,繁,難。 隸口北道。 明,宣府鎮。 )順治八年,裁宣府巡撫。 十年,並衛所官。 領宣府等十縣。 降延慶、保安屬之。 康熙三年,改懷隆道為口北道,與總兵並駐此。 四年,隸山西,尋復。 七年,裁萬全都司。 三十二年為府。 巡撫郭世隆疏改,置縣八。 後割山西蔚州來隸。 光緒三十年,復割承德之圍場廳來隸。 東南距省治七百里。 廣四百四十里,袤三百二十里。 北極高四十度三十七分十秒。 京師偏西一度二十一分三十秒。 廳不與。 領廳一,州三,縣七。 宣化:衝,繁,難。 倚。 明,宣府前衛。 順治中,省左右衛入之,為宣府鎮治。 康熙三十二年,改置為府治。 北有東望山,西西望山。 西有洋河自懷安入,左納清水河、柳河川、泥河,東南入懷來。 其南桑乾河自西寧入,數錯出,於懷來合洋河,復入,逕府境。 鎮二:雞鳴堡、深井堡。 有守備,康熙中裁。 有華稍營巡檢司。 宣化、雞鳴二驛。 又遞二。 軍站五。 赤城:簡。 府東北七十里。 明,赤城堡。 舊為上北路。 康熙三十二年改置。 又以滴水崖、雲州、鎮安、馬營、鎮寧五堡入之。 赤城山城。 東北:白河自獨石入,南流出龍河峽,一曰龍門川,側城東南,合大石門水,亦曰赤城河。 又得翦子嶺東、浩門嶺西水,屈東南,右納龍門河,左得紅沙梁水,入延慶。 營二:獨石左、獨石右。 口七:鎮寧、松樹、馬營、君子、鎮安五堡,龍門所、滴水崖。 順治中,改參將置守備滴水崖。 雍正中,改守備置都司。 鎮十一:新鎮樓、雲州堡,及北柵、東柵、西柵、盤道、塘子、清平鎮嶺、四望、磚墩、野雞九口。 驛二:雲州、赤城。 萬全:衝,繁,難。 府西北七十五里。 明,萬全右衛。 舊為西路,康熙三十二年改置。 西北有野狐嶺、蕁麻嶺,今譌洗馬林。 西有洋河自懷安入,左納孫才溝,西沙河、新河、東沙河,仍入之。 西有愛陽河。 東有清水河自張家口入,合臭灘、黃土梁水,南入宣化。 營二:萬全、張家口。 有副將。 光緒七年,移多倫廳,惟都司駐。 口五:鎮口臺、神威臺、洗馬林、新河、膳房堡。 有軍站五。 龍門:簡。 府東北百里。 明,龍門衛。 舊為下北路。 康熙三十二年改。 又以葛峪、趙川、鵰鶚、長安嶺四堡入之。 西有龍門山,龍門河出其北麓,逕城南而東,左得翦子嶺西、浩門嶺南水,入赤城。 西有小清水河,自張家口分入而合,曰柳河川。 又有泥河,併入宣化。 營一:龍門路。 口二:葛峪堡、趙川堡。 鎮八:安邊、靜樓、墩鎮、沖臺、盤道、宜臺六口,常峪鎮、鵰鶚堡。 長安嶺堡並有驛,雍正中,嶺置都司,後裁。 有軍站二。 懷來:衝,繁。 府東南百五十里。 明,懷來衛。 舊為東路。 康熙三十二年改。 又以保安衛及土木、榆林二堡入之。 南有軍都山。 西有桑乾河,自宣化入,再錯出復入,會洋河,北支也。 折東南,右得礬山水,左有右河,至合河口會媯河,其東支也。 又南入宛平,為盧溝河。 二鎮:保安城,雍正中改參將置都司; 礬山堡,守備駐。 有沙城堡巡司。 土木、榆林二驛。 軍站四。 蔚州:衝,疲,難。 府西南二百四十里。 雍正六年自山西大同來隸。 有衛。 康熙三十二年改。 乾隆二十二年省入。 東南:笄頭山,一曰磨笄山。 西有壺流河,自山西廣靈入,再錯出復入。 左右得乾沙河,九折,北合定安河、會子河、扶桑泉諸水,入西寧。 三鎮。 黑石嶺即飛狐岌,有神道溝巡司,康熙中裁,以吏目兼理。 又岔口、桃花堡,三遞。 西寧:簡。 府西南二百里。 康熙三十二年以明順聖東、西二城置。 東南有榆林山、月神山。 西有桑乾河,古濕水,自山西天鎮入。 有小庄渠,乾隆十年導。 又東,左納虎溝河,合五里河、汊河、西沙河,至小河口會壺流河。 有順聖川鎮。 東城、西城二遞。 懷安:衝,繁。 府西少南百二十里。 明,懷安衛。 康熙三十二年改。 又省萬全左衛及所轄柴溝堡、西洋河堡入之。 西北:花山。 南:託臺谷。 水溝口河自山西天鎮入,合谷水,自洪塘溝東北注洋河。 東洋河自張家口入,會西洋河、南洋河,曰洋河,亦曰燕尾河,錯出復入,合水溝口河。 營一:柴溝堡,巡司駐。 口二:東洋河、西洋河。 有左衛城、西洋河堡、水關臺、鎮口臺四鎮。 懷安、萬全二驛。 軍站四。 延慶州:衝,難。 府東少南二百里。 舊隸宣府鎮為東路。 順治末,省永寧縣入衛。 康熙三十二年改。 乾隆二十六年,又省延慶衛及所轄五千戶所入之。 北:阪泉山。 東北:獨山。 南:八達嶺。 北:白河自赤城入,復入獨石口。 媯河出州東北,伏流復出為黃龍潭,合龍灣水,環城,合沽河、蔡河、黑龍河,入懷來。 鎮五:石硤峪、營盤口、小水口、鎮安堡、千家店。 口四:周四溝堡、四海冶堡、柳溝城、八達嶺。 東有永寧城巡司。 居庸驛。 軍站一。 保安州:簡。 府東南六十里。 舊隸宣府鎮為東路。 康熙三十二年改。 南:涿鹿山、橋山。 西南:釜山、歷山。 東南:羹頡山。 有泉湛而不流,古阪泉也。 西:桑乾河自宣化錯入,再錯懷來入之,導為五渠。 有馬水口鎮。 有遞。 圍場廳:衝,繁,疲,難。 西北三十二里,正副總管駐。 本內蒙古卓索圖、昭烏達東二盟地。 康熙中,進為圍場,曰木蘭,國語「哨鹿」也。 光緒二年置廳。 三十年自承德來隸,兼有府、赤峰西北、豐寧東北境。 在內蒙古各部落之中,周千三百里,廣三百里,袤二百里,並有奇。 四界表識曰「柳條邊」。 道二,並自波羅河屯入。 東崖口,一曰石片子,西濟爾哈朗圖。 舊制以八月秋獮,東入則西出,西入則東出,歲以為常。 場都六十有九,以八旗分守於內,旗各營房一、卡倫五。 鑲黃旗營房在奇卜楚高,為北之東,其卡倫曰賽堪達巴罕色欽,曰阿魯色埒,曰阿魯呼魯蘇臺,曰英格,曰拜甡圖。 正白旗營房在納林錫爾哈,為東之南,其卡倫曰巴倫昆得伊,曰烏拉臺,曰錫拉諾海,曰諾林錫爾哈,曰格爾齊老。 鑲白旗營房在什巴爾台,為南之東西間,其卡倫曰噶海圖,曰卓索,曰什巴爾台,曰麻尼圖,曰博多克。 正藍旗營房在石片子,為南之東,其卡倫曰木壘喀喇沁,曰古都古爾,曰察罕扎克,曰汗特穆爾,曰納喇蘇圖扎巴。 正黃旗營房在錫拉扎巴,為北之西,其卡倫曰庫爾圖陀羅海,曰納喇蘇圖和碩,曰沙勒當,曰錫拉扎巴,曰錫拉扎巴色欽。 正紅旗營房在扣肯陀羅海,為西之北,其卡倫曰察罕布爾噶蘇臺,曰阿爾撒朗鄂博,曰麻尼圖布拉克,曰齊呼拉臺,曰布哈渾爾。 鑲紅旗北營房在蘇木溝,為西之南,其卡倫曰海拉蘇臺,曰姜家營,曰西燕子窩,曰郭拜,曰和羅博爾奇。 鑲藍旗營房在海拉蘇臺,為南之西,其卡倫曰朱爾噶岱,曰蘇克蘇爾台,曰卜克,曰東燕子窩,曰卓索溝。 有西圖巡檢司。 廳驛一。 :(隸口北道。 直宣化府,張、獨二口北。 明季,韃靼諸部駐牧地。 )康熙十四年,徙義州察哈爾部宣、大邊外,壩內農田,壩外牧廠,順治初置,在張、獨者六,其一奉天彰武臺。 及察哈爾東翼四旗、西翼半旗。 雍正中,先後置三理事同知廳。 光緒七年,並改撫民同知。 廣六百里,袤六百五十里。 :(要。 明初,興和守御千戶所。 順治初,為張家口路,隸宣府鎮。 西北六十里。 康熙中,置縣丞。 )雍正二年,改理事廳。 轄官地,及察哈爾東翼鑲黃一旗、西翼正黃半旗,並口內蔚、保安二州,宣化、萬全、懷安、西寧四縣旗民。 光緒七年改撫民,復。 東南距省治七百五十里。 北極高四十度五十分四十秒。 京師偏西一度三十五分。 北有東山、高山、大小烏鴉山。 東洋河二源,自山西豐鎮廳分入而合,左得蘇祿計水。 清水河出廳東北,合毛令溝、太子河、驛馬圖河,曰正溝,合大西溝、大東與新河、東西沙河,併入萬全。 其東小清水分入龍門。 西北有昂古里泊。 又諾莫渾博羅山有正黃等四旗牧廠,查喜爾圖插漢地有禮部牧廠,並明天成衛邊外地。 齊齊哈爾河有太僕寺右翼牧廠,廣百五十里,明大同邊外地。 東北喀喇尼墩井有太僕寺左翼牧廠,明,宣府邊外地。 北控果羅鄂博岡,有鑲黃等四旗牧廠,明廢興和千戶所。 廳自雍正十年與俄定恰克圖約為孔道。 光緒二十八年,劃地五百萬方尺為租界。 三鎮:興和城、太平庄、烏里雅蘇臺。 有站。 :(要。 明初為開平衛。 順治初為上北路,隸宣府鎮。 東北二百五十里。 康熙中置縣丞,曰獨石口,並衛入赤城。 )雍正十二年置理事廳。 轄官地,及察哈爾東翼正藍、鑲白、正白、鑲黃四旗,並口內延慶一州,赤城、龍門、懷來三縣旗民。 光緒七年改撫民。 副將防守尉。 駐。 南距省治七百九十里。 北極高四十度五十四分四十秒。 京師偏西四十分。 東南有大小石門山、太保山。 白河,古沽水,正源堤頭河,出廳西北狗牙山,合東西柵口水,與別源獨石泉會,南入赤城。 復自延慶州入,與黑河併入灤平,下流會潮、榆諸水,為北運河。 上都河,古濡水,出廳東北巴顏屯圖固爾山,合三道河,西北入多倫廳,下流為灤河,至樂亭入海,行二千一百里有奇。 有金蓮川、伊克勒泊。 東北:博羅城,有御馬廠,隸上駟院。 四鎮:丁庄灣、黑河川、東卯鎮、千家店。 有站。 :(要。 明,開平衛地。 順治初,置上都牧廠,屬宣府鎮。 東北五百五十里。 )康熙三十年,喀爾喀為準逆所破,車駕蹕此受降焉。 雍正十年,置理事廳。 轄察哈爾東翼正藍、鑲白、正黃、鑲黃四旗,及蒙古內札薩克與喀爾喀旗民。 光緒七年,改撫民。 西南距省治千一百里。 北極高四十二度二十八分二十秒。 京師偏西六分。 西南有駱駝山。 北有錫拉穆楞河,自內蒙古克什克騰旗入,合碧七克、碧落、拜察諸河,北入巴林旗。 東南有上都河,自獨石口入,合石頂、克伊繃、額爾通、伊札爾、什巴爾台諸河。 七星潭在上都牧廠北,一曰多倫泊,廳氏焉。 蒙語謂止水曰「泊」,大者「諾爾」,次「鄂模」、「庫勒」、「科爾昆」有差。 廳北布珠、博碩岱等泊以十數。 西北又有鹼池。 興化鎮在喇嘛廟南,張家口副將駐。 有白岔司。 又興盛鎮、二道泉、閃電河、土城子四汛。 廳驛一。 :(要。 隸通永道。 明,領州一,縣五。 乾隆初,廢山海衛置臨榆。 先是雍正初,以順天之玉田、豐潤來隸。 )乾隆八年,復改屬遵化。 西距省治八百三十里。 廣三百三十里,袤三百八十里。 北極高三十九度五十五分三十秒。 京師偏東二度二十八分三十秒。 領州一,縣六。 盧龍:衝,繁,難。 倚。 東南:陽山。 西南:孤竹山。 灤河自遷安入,合青龍河。 東有飲馬河。 東北:燕河。 營一:燕河路。 有燕河庄、夷齊廟二鎮。 灤河驛。 鐵路。 遷安:繁,疲,難。 府西北四十里。 西北:九山,康熙中改五虎山。 灤河自承德府入,合黃花川河、瀑河,又南,左得鐵門關水,入潘家口,古盧龍塞也。 右納潵河,折東逕城西。 漆河自建昌入,合白洋、冷口二河,為青龍河。 巨梁水出西北黃山,一曰還鄉河。 又沙河、石河、館水、徐流營、泉庄諸營田。 營二:喜峰路、建昌路。 汛八:龍井關、潘家口、李家峪、青山口、榆木嶺、擦崖子、冷口關、桃林口。 三屯營、沙河堡、喜峰口三巡司。 道光中,移三屯副將大沽口。 太平寨、漢兒崖、沙河三鎮。 七家嶺、灤陽二驛。 撫寧:衝,難。 府東七十里。 海,東南五十里。 戴家河三源合於榆關南,為渝河,合獅子河,緣界。 又西洋河二源納燕子河入焉。 乾溝河起河東,自臨榆入。 沙河西自遷安入,合為會河。 汛二:界嶺口、臺頭營。 鎮三:蒲河營、洋河口、深河堡。 蘆峰口、榆關二驛。 昌黎:繁,難。 府東南七十里。 北:碣石山。 海,東南三十餘里,突北出七里,一曰七里海。 灤河自灤州入,左出,支津入焉,為甜水溝口。 飲馬河自盧龍入,為沙河。 四鎮:姜各庄、蒲河口、沙崖口、蛤泊堡。 有鐵路。 灤州難。 府西南四十五里。 海,南百三十里。 有劉家河口,清河合沂河緣界入。 西蠶沙口,小清河入。 灤河自盧龍入。 沙河自遷安入。 館水亦自其縣入,曰陡河,亦曰檿牛河,合石溜河。 州判駐胡各庄。 三鎮:劉河口、稻地、開平。 榛子鎮,巡司駐。 鐵路。 樂亭:簡。 府南少東百二十里。 海,南四十五里。 灤河自昌黎入,歧為二:東胡盧河,至老米溝; 西曰定流,至清河口入灤。 入海處五十里內凝碧,一曰綠洋溝。 都行二千一百里。 石碑場,西南。 二鎮:西關里、馬頭營。 臨榆:衝,繁,難。 府東北百七十里。 奉天奉錦道寄此。 乾隆二年,以明山海衛置山海關。 今東門古榆關。 順治時置副將,後改游擊。 道光末,與永平副將互徙。 北有角山,長城枕其上。 石河,古渝水,縣氏焉,譌「榆」。 合鴨子河,帥府河入焉。 故道在行宮西。 其西湯河口。 大清河出東北,入奉天寧遠。 乾溝河、起河並出西北。 汛四:義院口、大毛山口、寧海城、黃土嶺。 小河口東曰柳邊。 門二:鳴水塘、白石嘴。 三鎮:海陽、乾溝、白塔嶺。 西有陽化場。 石門寨巡司。 遷安驛。 鐵路。 :(衝,繁,難。 隸通永道。 明,縣,屬薊州。 )康熙十五年,以陵寢隩區,升州,改隸順天。 乾隆八年,復援易州例升直隸州,割永平之二縣來隸。 西南距省治六百三十里。 廣百六十里,袤三百七十里。 北極高四十度十三分。 京師偏東一度三十二分三十秒。 領縣二。 昌瑞山,西北七十里,本丰臺嶺,改鳳臺山,康熙初復改,東陵在焉。 又西北霧靈山,淋、柳、潵橫四河源此。 橫即潵右源,合東入遷安,與左源之黑河會。 梨河古浭水,出東北蘆兒嶺,自遷安入,一曰果河,合沙河。 又有雙女河、車道峪水。 馬蘭峪、洪山口,總兵駐; 與鯰魚口、大安口、羅文峪為五鎮。 石門鎮,州判駐。 又大窪汛、窩哨子、窄道子、老廠四鎮。 西:半壁山。 巡司二:駐州及石門。 有丞。 玉田:衝,繁,難。 州西南九十五里。 雍正二年,自順天改屬。 乾隆八年來隸。 燕山,西北二十五里。 北有黎河自州入,曰漳泗河,入薊曰沽河,復緣界曰薊運河。 小泉河出東北,嘉慶末,建行宮其上,更名縈輝河,合藍泉、螺山水注之。 還鄉河自豐潤入,合沙流河,逕雅鴻橋,合黑龍河,又西來會。 雙城河出縣北黃家山,亦南來會。 雅鴻橋,河主簿駐。 嘉慶十二年,以河丞改。 有陽樊驛。 鐵路。 豐潤:衝,繁,難。 州東南百里。 改隸同玉田。 海,南二百里。 陡河自灤入,錯出復入,合倍河,分流復合,入為澗河口。 東支金沱泊,支津西南合王家河。 薊運河自玉田緣界。 還鄉河自遷安入,納雙女河、車道峪水。 同治中南決,至黑馬甸,於是有黑龍河,合泥河,並注薊運河。 沙流河出西北。 丰臺鎮西南,有河主簿、巡司。 越支場,南百里,大使駐,今移宋家營。 小集、畢家圈、開平營三鎮。 又義豐驛。 鐵路。 :(繁,難。 隸清河道。 明屬保定,領縣一。 )雍正十一年,升直隸州。 割山西大同之廣昌來隸。 南距省治百四十里。 廣二百六十里,袤二百二十里。 北極高三十九度二十三分。 京師偏西初度五十分三十秒。 領縣二。 西有行宮二:一、良各庄; 一、泰寧鎮,總兵駐。 有永寧山,西陵在焉。 北:易濡水,出州西益津嶺,合安河、五里河,其東北即迎紫河。 中易、白澗河,出西北武峰嶺,南易、雹水,出西南石虎岡,其南有徐河、澗河、界河。 拒馬河自廣昌入,錯出復入,合小水以十數,入邊。 口十八,飛狐最險。 有塔崖、奇峰二廢巡司。 鎮二:烏龍溝、紫荊關。 康熙中,移副將真定,改置參將,轄白石口、廣昌營、浮圖峪、烏龍溝、凝靜菴五營。 二驛:清苑、上陳。 有丞,兼巡司。 又州判駐。 有鐵路。 淶水:衝,繁。 州東北四十里。 西北:檀山。 拒馬河自州入,右出支津合鐵嶺水,又北東緣界復合。 左出支津復入,合清水河。 西南:北易亦自州入,合迎紫河,又東合遒欄河。 口七。 鎮二:大龍門、馬水口。 舊稱京師右輔,有都司,轄大龍口、金水口諸汛。 二鎮:水東營、秋瀾汛。 黃庄鎮巡司。 在城、石亭二驛。 鐵路。 廣昌:簡。 州西八十里。 雍正十一年自山西大同來隸。 城西淶水,譌「漆」,又借「七」,拒馬西源出焉。 會東源,錯出復入。 湯河自山西靈丘入。 口八。 鎮八。 浮圖峪古銀防路,最險; 插箭嶺口、白石口、胡核嶺口、黃土嶺口,又黑石嶺鎮,古飛狐口。 縣驛一。 鐵路。 :(繁,疲。 隸清河道。 明屬真定。 領縣四。 )雍正二年,升直隸州。 割正定之衡水來隸。 北距省治三百里。 廣百六十里,袤二百五十里。 北極高三十七度三十八分五十秒。 京師偏西初度四十七分三十秒。 領縣五。 (滹沱、滏陽,舊自束鹿會縣西,入衡水。 雍正初,滹北徙,與滏離,遂橫潰,後卒合滏順軌焉。 北有枯洚渠。 州驛一。 )南宮:(簡。 州西南六十里。 漳河故道三,中洚瀆,東南古漳,西北新漳。 今復南徙,邑遂無水患。 縣驛一。 )棗強:(繁,疲,難。 州東南三十里。 東:古漳河,一曰黃瀘河,自南宮入。 西:索盧河。 衛支津自州入。 並涸。 )新河:(簡。 州西少南六十里。 西有滏陽河,自寧晉再入。 有胡盧灣,舊與漳合處。 縣驛一。 )武邑:(疲,難。 州東北九十里。 西:滏陽河自衡水入。 又廢龍治河、老漳河。 有水驛。 )衡水:(簡。 州東北九十里。 漳河衡流,古亦曰衡水。 隋以氏縣。 後為新漳河,乾隆中南徙。 其滹沱今北徙。 惟滏陽河自州入。 古鹽河湮。 縣驛一。 ):(衝,繁。 隸清河道。 明屬真定。 領縣六。 )雍正二年,升直隸州。 (改贊皇隸正定。 )東北距省治三百九十里。 廣二百里,袤百四十里。 北極高三十七度四十八分三十秒。 京師偏西一度三十三分三十秒。 領縣五。 (西北:洨河自欒城入,納豬龍河、冶河、新桃河。 槐河自高邑入,綿蔓既合甘淘、冶河,而洨逕其故道,故即斯洨。 太白渠下流亦被冶河目也。 有滹沱故道,咸豐初淤。 鄗城驛。 )栢鄉:(衝,繁。 州南六十里。 午河自臨城入。 泲河及支津並自高邑入。 而泲納新溝河。 有槐水驛。 )隆平:(簡。 州南九十里。 東有滏陽河。 灃河自任入。 灃有九閘,雍、乾中建。 北有泜河,自唐山入,合新溝水。 泲河自柏鄉入,合支津及午河,曰槐午河。 有驛。 )高邑:(簡。 州西南五十里。 北有槐河,自元氏入。 南新溝河。 泲河自贊皇入。 縣驛一。 鐵路。 )寧晉:(簡。 州東南四十里。 滏陽河自隆平入。 有寧晉泊,周百餘里,匯其灃、泜、午及州之洨、槐諸水,自十字河來會,錯出復入。 邑故澤國,康熙末,漳南徙,雍正初,滹東徙,怡賢親王復濬各水口,築堤設斗門,閼內外水出入,積潦始消。 光緒中,滹沱復淤塞,半為平陸。 有百尺口廢巡司。 縣驛一。 ):(簡。 隸清河道。 明屬真定。 領縣一。 )雍正二年升,以正定之武強、饒陽、安平來隸。 衡水還屬正定。 北距省治二百八十里。 廣百四十里,袤百六十里。 北極高三十八度三分四十秒。 京師偏西初度四十七分。 領縣三。 (州境自古病河、漳二水。 河、漳先後他徙,滏、滋亦不甚橫。 惟滹沱於乾隆十九年自束鹿分支潰入,同治七年復北徙,自安平入,諸故道並淤。 有驛。 )武強:(簡。 府東五十里。 南:武強山,下有淵。 滏陽自武邑入,至小范鎮北,奪滹沱故道。 道光初,滏、滹同溢。 有廢亭子、龍冶二河。 有驛。 )驍陽:(疲,繁,難。 州東北六十里。 乾隆初,知縣侯鎯以滹為患,濬新溝七。 同治中,唐世祿復疏經流三、支渠八,並注獻之古洋河。 逾年復決安平。 知縣吳恩慶築堤,首郭村,訖秦王莊,滹、滋始分。 今滹沱中、南二支自州入,而古唐河自蠡入,半淤。 有驛。 )安平::(衝,繁,疲,難。 隸清河道。 明領二縣。 )雍正二年升。 十二年,以保定祁州之深澤來隸。 新樂還屬正定。 東北距省治百五十里。 廣百四十里,袤二百里。 北極高三十八度三十二分三十秒。 京師偏西一度二十一分。 領縣二。 中山:(城內,今設鐘鼓樓。 北有唐河自唐入,始為患。 乾隆中,南奪小清河。 嘉慶中,復北奪小清河為今瀆。 南有嘉河自曲陽入。 沙河自新樂入資河。 同治十年南徙,錯出復入會資河,自深澤緣界。 唐、沙各故道及木刀溝並涸。 有永定驛。 鐵路。 )曲陽:(簡。 州西北六十里。 西北:恆山,古北嶽。 順治末,改祀于山西渾源。 恆水出其北谷,合三會河。 唐河納縣北馬泥河,錯入。 西北:沙河自阜平入,合平陽河,左得圓覺泉諸水。 長星溝出西北孔山,側城東南,合曲逆溪、靈河,自是曰孟良河。 縣驛一。 )深澤:(簡。 州東南九十里。 雍正十二年,自祁州來隸。 滹沱、滋並自無極入。 滹歧為三,北為經流。 滋舊納支津木道溝,涸。 乾隆初,決趙八庄,尋塞。 復濬官道溝,導城西瀝水東注安平。 縣驛一。)
Treatise 29, Geography 1 — Zhili: the domain of the Ji and Yan regions described in the Yugong. Under the Ming it served as Beijing, with a Beiping provincial administration commission and the Wanquan capital guard command. Early in the Shunzhi reign the Qing fixed the capital at the imperial city and made the region Zhili Province. One governor-general was installed, titled Xuanda (Xuanfu–Datong). (Headquartered at Datong in Shanxi, with jurisdiction over Xuanfu. It was abolished in Shunzhi year 13. ) Three governors were appointed: Shuntian (based at Zunhua, governing Shuntian and Yongping prefectures. Abolished at the beginning of the Kangxi reign. ) Baoding (based at Zhending, governing Baoding, Zhending, Shunde, Guangping, Daming, and Hejian. Abolished in Shunzhi year 16. ) Xuanfu (based at Xuanfu garrison, governing Yanqing and Bao'an. Abolished in Shunzhi year 8. In year 5 a governor-general for Zhili, Shandong, and Henan was created. (He was stationed at Daming and in year 16 the post was changed to Governor of Zhili.) (The following year the seat moved to Zhending and in Kangxi year 8 it moved again to Baoding.) In Yongzheng year 2 the office was again made governor-general. The metropolitan intendant's traditional jurisdiction remained Shuntian, by established custom. (Earlier, in Shunzhi year 18 a Zhili governor-general had been added, likewise stationed at Daming. In Kangxi year 5 it became the three-province governor-general and was abolished in year 8.) In Kangxi year 32 Xuanfu garrison was converted into Xuanhua prefecture. (Yanqing and Bao'an were reduced in rank and placed under it.) In Yongzheng year 1 Rehe subprefecture was created and Zhending was renamed Zhengding. In year 2 five directly governed prefectures—Ding, Ji, Jin, Zhao, and Shen—were added, along with Zhangjiakou subprefecture. In year 3 Tianjin guard was raised to a directly governed prefecture and in year 9 to a full prefecture. In year 10 Duolunor subprefecture was established. In year 11 both Rehe subprefecture and Yizhou were made directly governed prefectures. In year 12 Dushikou subprefecture was created. (Jin subprefecture was demoted and subordinated to Zhengding.) In Qianlong year 7 Chengde was again reduced to Rehe subprefecture. In year 8 Zunhua was promoted to a directly governed prefecture. In year 43 Rehe subprefecture was again raised to Chengde prefecture. In Guangxu year 2 Weichang subprefecture was established. (It was placed under Chengde.) In year 30 Chaoyang prefecture was created. (The next year Jianping was established and subordinated to it.) In year 33 Chifeng county was promoted to a directly governed prefecture. (Kailu and three other counties were created and placed under it.) Today, apart from the metropolitan intendant, the province contains eleven prefectures, seven directly governed prefectures, three directly governed subprefectures, nine ordinary prefectures, one ordinary subprefecture, and 104 counties. On the north it reaches the border of the Right Wing Abag Banner in Inner Mongolia; (1,200 li.) On the east to the border of Ningyuan subprefecture in Fengtian; (680 li.) On the south to the border of Lanfeng county in Henan; (1,430 li.) On the west to the border of Guangning county in Shanxi. (550 li.) It spans 1,230 li east to west and 2,630 li north to south. In Xuantong year 3 there were 4,995,495 registered households and a population of 23,613,171. (Its mountains include Mount Heng and the Taihang range. Its rivers are the Sanggan (Yongding), the Hutuo (Ziya), and the Wei, Yi, Zhang, Bai, and Luan. Its chief strategic barriers are the passes at Jingxing, Shanhai, Juyong, Zijing, and Daoma, and the gates at Xifeng, Gubei, Dushi, and Zhangjia. For transport, sea routes run from Tianjin southeast to Zhifu and Shanghai, northeast to Yingkou, and east to Inchon in Korea and Nagasaki in Japan. Railways include the Beijing–Tianjin, Tianjin–Yuyang, Beijing–Hankou, Zhengding–Taiyuan, and Beijing–Zhangjiakou lines. Postal roads run east through Shanhaiguan to Suizhong in Shengjing, west through Zijing Pass to Lingqiu in Shanxi, south across the plain to Dezhou in Shandong, and north through Gubeikou to Rehe. Telegraph lines run northwest to Urga and southwest to Taiyuan; from Tianjin northeast to Fengtian; and a submarine cable from Dagu east to Zhifu.) Shuntian Prefecture: (In the early Ming it was called Beiping Prefecture. After the capital was built at Beijing the name was changed again. Since the Liao, every dynasty has made this its capital. In Zhengtong year 6 it was formally fixed as the Capital.) It governed six subprefectures and twenty-five counties. Early in Shunzhi the capital was given an intendant, vice intendant, and administrative magistrate. The Shuntian governor was based at Zunhua and was abolished early in Kangxi. In year 15 Zunhua was promoted to subprefecture rank. In year 27 four circuit subprefects were appointed to divide control over the subordinate prefectures and counties. They were assigned to the Tongyong and Bachang circuits. They were also placed under the overall supervision of the Zhili governor-general. In Yongzheng year 1 a ministry or court grandee was again specially appointed to oversee prefectural affairs, with no fixed number of posts. In year 9 Ninghe county was created. In Qianlong year 8 Zunhua was again raised to a directly governed prefecture, with Yutian and Fengrun subordinated to it. It spans 440 li east to west and 500 li north to south. Its north polar altitude is 39°55′. It governs five subprefectures and nineteen counties. (Under the Liao this was Nanjing; the site lies southwest of the present city—the Tang Youzhou frontier garrison town. The Jin enlarged it. By the Yuan the old site had largely disappeared. The Yuan Dadu, by contrast, covered the ground outside today's Anding and Desheng gates. Early in the Ming the northern wall was pulled in and Yuan arrangements were revised. At the start of Yongle the southern city was expanded again, so that it no longer matched the Hongwu layout. The Imperial City today measures eighteen li around. Inside the Zhengyang Gate stands the Daqing Gate; to the southeast is the Chang'an Left Gate; to the southwest is the Chang'an Right Gate; to the east is the Dong'an Gate; to the west is the Xi'an Gate; due north is the Di'an Gate, formerly the Bei'an Gate, renamed in Shunzhi year 9. Inside the Daqing Gate is the Tian'an Gate, formerly the Chengtian Gate, renamed in Shunzhi year 8. On the left stands the Imperial Ancestral Temple; on the right the Altar of Land and Grain. Facing the dawn to rule, the sovereign dwells here at the center of the realm. Within lies the Duan Gate, with the Left Que Gate on the left and the Right Que Gate on the right. Inside stands the Forbidden City. It backs on Jingshan to the north and adjoins the Western Park on the west; within the park Yingtai is ringed by the Taiye Pool. To the south, linked with the Duan Gate, is the Wu Gate. On the north is the Shenwu Gate, on the east the Donghua Gate, and on the west the Xihua Gate. Inside the Wu Gate, on the east is the Xiehe Gate, which opens east to the Wenhua Hall; on the west is the Xihe Gate, which opens west to the Wuying Hall—formerly the Yonghe Gate, renamed in Qianlong year 1. At the center stands the Taihe Gate; on the left are the Zhaode Gate and Tiren Pavilion; on the right the Zhendu Gate and Hongyi Pavilion; Within lie the Taihe, Zhonghe, and Baohe halls, up to the Qianqing Gate. On the east is the Jingyun Gate; on the west the Longzong Gate. All of this constitutes the Outer Court, by established regulation. Outside lies the capital city, forty li around, with nine gates: the Zhengyang Gate to the south; the Chongwen Gate southeast of it; the Xuanwu Gate southwest; the Chaoyang Gate southeast of the east side; the Dongzhi Gate northeast of the east side; the Fucheng Gate southwest of the west side; the Xizhi Gate northwest of the west side; the Anding Gate northeast of the north side; and the Desheng Gate northwest of the north side. All follow the Ming layout. The Eight Banners were quartered as follows: Bordered Yellow inside Anding Gate; Plain Yellow inside Desheng Gate; Plain White inside Dongzhi Gate; Bordered White inside Chaoyang Gate; Plain Red inside Xizhi Gate; Bordered Red inside Fucheng Gate; Plain Blue inside Chongwen Gate; Bordered Blue inside Xuanwu Gate. They were arrayed like stars on a board, without intermingling. The outer city is twenty-eight li long and has seven gates: the Yongding Gate to the south; the Zuo'an Gate on the left; the You'an Gate on the right; the Guangqu Gate to the east; the Guangning Gate to the west; at the eastern and western corners facing north are the Dongbian Gate in the east and the Xibian Gate in the west. All were built in the Ming Jiajing reign. The drum tower stands outside the Di'an Gate; it was destroyed in the Ming Yongle reign and rebuilt in Qianlong year 12. ) Daxing: (strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Adjacent to the capital. It lies on the eastern side of the prefecture and is subordinate to the Western Circuit subprefecture. To the north is the Yu River, which enters from Changping and receives the Qing River. To the northwest the Jade River enters from Wanping. It splits in two: one branch becomes the moat and joins the Paozi River outside Chongwen Gate; the other enters Desheng Gate as Jishuitan—the North Sea—flows on as the Taiye Pool, and divides into the Imperial Canal. It joins the southeastern branch at Desheng Bridge, reunites, and flows east as the Tonghui River. The Liangshui River also enters from Wanping, runs through the Southern Park—the South Sea—from which the Dragon and Phoenix rivers issue. The Dragon River is silted up. The Southern Circuit subprefecture is based at Huangcun. The assistant magistrate is based at Lixianzhuang. It has three market towns: Qingyundian, Fengheying, and Baitacun. There is a Caiyuying patrol office. There is a courier station. Railway. ) Wanping: (strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Adjacent to the capital. It is subordinate to the Western Circuit subprefecture. The Western Hills range extends from the Taihang and forms the right arm of the sacred capital. Twenty li to the northwest is Wengshan, whose lake is the West Sea. In Qianlong year 15 the mountain was named Wanshou and the lake Kunming. There is the Qingyi Garden, renamed Yihe in Guangxu year 15. Nearby is Yuquan Hill, the source of the Qing and Jade rivers. The Jade River passes Gaoliang Bridge, also known as the Gaoliang River. The Yongding River enters from Huailai; west of Lushi Hill it is also called the Lugou River, branching out and re-entering. It has ash dams and flood-relief channels. There are twelve flood sections; at Shijingshan north and south bank subprefects have jurisdiction: seven under full control—Shijingshan, two at Lugou Bridge, North Head Works Upper, North Head Works Middle, South Head Works Upper, North Second Works Lower; and five under divided control—South Head Works Lower, North Head Works Lower, North Second Works Upper, South Third Works, and North Third Works. From Shunzhi year 8 to Tongzhi year 3 the channel was shifted sixteen times; the northern flow was cut off to the central channel, which passes Yubakou and Sanfengyan to reach the sea. Since Daoguang year 22, despite minor breaches and shifts, there has been no serious damage. The Liangshui, Siniu, and Longquan rivers also issue from the southwest. To the west is Haidian, with the Changchun and Yuanming gardens, destroyed at the end of the Xianfeng reign. The Western Circuit subprefecture is based at Lugou Bridge and has a patrol office. The assistant magistrate is based at Mentougou. There are also three patrol offices at Panggezhuang, Qingbaikou, and Dongzhaitang. Eight market towns: Yanhekou, Moshikou, Yufa, Pingluoying, Wulituo, Zhaocun, Wangpingkou, and Tianjinguan. Railway. ) Liangxiang: (strategic, populous, difficult. It lies seventy li southwest of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Western Circuit subprefecture. The Yongding River enters from Wanping. It has four flood sections, all under divided jurisdiction of the Shijingshan south bank subprefect: North Head Works Lower, North Second Works Upper, South Head Works Lower, and South Second Works. The Jinmen stone sluice was built in Kangxi year 46 and later abandoned. In Qianlong year 3 it was moved to the South Second flood section; the flood-relief stone dam was still called Jinmen Sluice. There are seventeen Yongding flood-relief dams. The Gongcun River enters from Fangshan, becomes the Siniu River, and rejoins the Ciwai River. The Lu River enters from Fangshan; at Liuli town it is called the Liuli River and receives the Jiahuo River. To the north is the Huangxinzhuang traveling palace; to the south the Jiaolao Terrace. The assistant magistrate is based at Zhaocun. It has two courier stations: Gujie and Changxindian. Railway. ) Gu'an: (populous, difficult. It lies one hundred twenty li west of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Southern Circuit subprefecture. The Yongding River north and south bank subprefects and the Shijingshan subprefect are based here. The Yongding River enters from Wanping. It has six flood sections under the north and south bank subprefects and the Sanjiaodian intendant: two under full jurisdiction—South Fourth Works and North Fourth Works Upper; and four under divided jurisdiction—South Third Works, North Third Works, North Fourth Works Lower, and South Fifth Works. The Juma branch river enters from Zhuo; there was formerly a Jinmen Sluice. A flood-relief channel also enters from Zhuo, receives the Taiping River, and is called the Siniu River; it branches into the Huangjia River, and to the west the Wugong River—all are silted up. Hancheng lies eighteen li to the southeast. Siputou lies seventy li to the south. There is Niutuozhen market town. There is one county courier station. ) Yongqing: (light tax burden. It lies one hundred forty li south-southeast of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Southern Circuit subprefecture. The Sanjiaodian intendant is based here. The Yongding River enters from Gu'an. It has seven flood sections under the north bank subprefect; the intendant has full jurisdiction over three—South Sixth Works, North Fifth Works, and North Sixth Works; and four under divided jurisdiction—North Fourth Works Lower, South Fifth Works, South Seventh Works, and North Seventh Works. There is a Xin'an town patrol office, also subordinate to Ba prefecture. ) Dong'an: (light tax burden. It lies one hundred forty li southeast of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Southern Circuit subprefecture. The Yongding River enters from Yongqing. It has three flood sections, all under divided jurisdiction of the Sanjiaodian north intendant: South Seventh Works, South Eighth Works Upper, and North Seventh Works. Its former channel is silted up. The Feng River enters from Daxing. There is Jiuzhou market town. There is one county courier station. ) Xianghe: (light tax burden. It lies one hundred twenty li southeast of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Eastern Circuit subprefecture. To the west is the Northern Transport Canal, which enters from Tongzhou. There is the Wangjiawu flood-relief river, dredged in Yongzheng year 9, one hundred forty li in length. The northern Wotou River also enters from Tongzhou. There is one county courier station. ) Tongzhou: (strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. It lies forty li east of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Eastern Circuit subprefecture. The Tongyong circuit intendant and the granary commissioner-general are based here. In Shunzhi year 16 Huo county was merged into it. The subprefect in charge of river management is based here. The Bai, Yu, and Chao rivers all enter from Shunyi. The Yu River takes in the Tonghui River and meets the Bai, forming the Northern Transport Canal, which then receives the Liangshui River. The Chao River runs past Wotou village and is called the Wotou River. The Feng River enters from Dong'an. Outside the north gate is a stone dam managed by the subprefect, through which tribute grain for fifteen capital granaries is transported. To its east is an earthen dam managed by the assistant prefect, serving the central two granaries west of the prefecture. Three market towns: Matoudian, Yongledian, and Majuqiao. It has two courier stations: Luhe and Hehe. Railway. ) Sanhe: (strategic, populous, difficult. It lies one hundred ten li east, slightly north of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Eastern Circuit subprefecture. On Panlong Mountain to the northwest is a traveling palace, relocated to Daxinzhuang in Qianlong year 19. To the north is the Ju River, which enters from Pinggu and skirts the southeastern side of the city. To the southwest, the Wotou River enters along the border from Tongzhou. The Baoqiu River was an ancient great inundation whose source lies beyond the frontier; it is now silted up. It now issues from Tiangezhuang in the northwest; in fair weather it is a dry channel, but in rain it pours violently and is popularly called the "Bursting Belly River." There is Mafang market town. There is one county courier station. ) Wuqing: (strategic, populous, tax-exhausted. It lies ninety li southeast of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Eastern Circuit subprefecture. To the southwest, the Yongding River enters from Dong'an. It has three flood sections under the Sanjiaodian north bank intendant: South Eighth Works Upper, South Eighth Works Lower, and North Seventh Works. To the northeast, the Northern Transport Canal enters from Xianghe. In Kangxi year 38 Kuang'ergang breached; the following year it was dredged as a flood-relief river, and later silted up. Late in the Tongzhi reign the new flood-relief river was dredged again. North of Baodi the Feng River enters from Tongzhou; in Yongzheng year 4 it was diverted south from Houshang village, running down to Shuangkou at Tianjin to enter the marsh. Sanjiaodian, also called East Marsh, was the ancient Yongnu marsh and spanned the territories of seven prefectures and counties: Bazhou, Wen'an, Dong'angu, Wuqing, Jinghai, Wen'an, and Dacheng. In Yongzheng year 4 the Yongding River was discharged into the marsh; half of it silted shut, leaving only a corner at Wangqingtuo. After Qianlong year 16, river branches were led through the marsh eastward, and level wasteland stretched as far as the eye could see. The canal subprefect is based at Hexiwu and the intendant at Yangcun; both places have courier stations. Eight market towns: Wangqingtuo, Anping, Tongbai, Cuihuangkou, Sanliqian, Nancaicun, Kuang'ergang, and Huanghuadian. ) Baodi: (populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. It lies one hundred eighty li east, slightly south of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Eastern Circuit subprefecture. To the north, the Ji Transport Canal enters along the border from Jizhou's right bank where it meets the Ju River, passes Jiangkuan village, the Baoqiu River enters from Sanhe and receives the Wotou River, and the Baozhen River flows into it. Farther south is the Kuang'ergang new flood-relief river. North of it the Wangjiawu flood-relief river is silted up. Magistrate Liu Zhiyan dredged from Dabaizhuang to Biaokou and also repaired the Wotou and Baozhen dikes. There is Yupuying market town. There is one county courier station. ) Ninghe: (strategic, populous, difficult. It lies three hundred li southeast of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Eastern Circuit subprefecture. It was established in Yongzheng year 9 by converting the Ming Baodi Liangcheng guard battalion. The sea lies to the southeast; ninety li away is Beitangkou. The Ji Transport Canal enters from Baodi and winds south around the city; there is Qilihai, which gathers the Wangjiawu and Kuang'ergang flood-relief rivers, spreads into fishing-weir outlets, receives the Ningche and Gu rivers in divided flow, and again takes in the Jinzhong River. To the southeast, Dagukou borders Tianjin, and sea sand enters along the border. North of it is Beitangkou. To the southeast is Lutai town, where the Tianjin river fisheries intendant and the Tongyong garrison commander-in-chief are based. There is a patrol office and a salt intendant. Three market towns: Beitangkou, Xinhezhuang, and Yingcheng. ) Changping Prefecture: (strategic, populous, difficult. It lies ninety li north of the prefectural seat. The Bachang circuit intendant is based here. The Northern Circuit subprefecture is based at Gonghuacheng, and the prefecture is subordinate to it. To the north is Tianshou Mountain, where the thirteen Ming imperial tombs lie. To the northwest, the Yu River enters from Yanqing, runs underground and reemerges, joins the Shanshui River on the left, and receives the Nansha River on the right. Farther east, the Longquan River meets the Jiaozhouying River and flows into it. The Qidu River also enters from Yanqing. South of it the Jiudu River and the Siniu River both issue from the northeast. The border wall runs from Mia'er Harbor in the west to Miziyu Pass in the east. It has four garrison posts: Hengling Road, Zhenbiancheng, Changyucheng, and Baiyangkou. It also extends to Mutianyu Pass, with one garrison post: Huanghua Road. Two traveling palaces: Tangshan and Lügou. Nine market towns in all: Gangquanying, Niufang, Haoba Tun, Shatun, Gaoliying, Lügou, Qianying, Qiantun, and Zaojiaotun. There are two: the Yuhe courier station at the prefectural seat, and Huilongguan. ) Shunyi: (strategic, difficult. It lies sixty li northeast of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Northern Circuit subprefecture. To the north is Niulanshan. The Bai River enters from Huairou, runs along the eastern foothills, and joins the Huai River. East of it is Hunu Mountain, where the Chao River rises; it is also called the Arrow Shaft River. The Jiaozhouying River issues west of the county and receives the Siniu River. The Yu River also enters from Daxing. Two traveling palaces: Sanjiadian and Nanshicao. Two market towns: Caoheying and Yanggezhuang. There is one county courier station. ) Miyun: (strategic, populous, difficult. It lies one hundred thirty li northeast of the prefectural seat. It is subordinate to the Northern Circuit subprefecture. South of the county is Miyun Mountain. To the east is Jiusong Mountain, formerly called Jiuzhuangling. To the west is the Gu River, which enters from Luanping, joins the Baimaguan River, and becomes the Bai River. To the right a branch channel issues forth. The Chao River likewise enters from Luanping, joins the Tang River, and further receives the Qian Tower River; skirting the city from the southwest it comes to meet—the people also call it the Chao-Bai River. At Chao River Camp the provincial military commander is stationed. At Gubeikou Pass the deputy lieutenant-general and patrol commissioner are stationed. Two western camps: Shitang Road and Shixia City. Two garrison posts: Chao River Stream and Baimaguan Pass. Two eastern camps: Caojia Road and Qiangzi Road. Five garrison posts: Simatai, Heiyu Pass, Jijia Camp, Yangjia Fort, and Zhenluo Pass. There are three traveling palaces at Liujiazhuang, Luojia Bridge, and Yaotingzhuang. Two courier stations: Fenghuang and Shixia. ) Huairou: (strategic, populous. One hundred li northeast of the prefectural seat. Subordinate to the Northern Route Circuit. Two traveling palaces at Chenji Mountain and Zhiyuan Temple. The Shi River issues from the east; its lower course is the Ru River. The Bai River enters from Miyun; a branch channel also enters from the county, receives Yanshi Stream, and rejoins. To the west the Seven Crossings River enters from Changping, joins the Nine Crossings River, skirts the city to the southeast, joins the Xiaoquan River, and is called the Huai River. There is a garrison post. One county courier station. ) Zhuozhou: (strategic, populous, difficult. One hundred and forty li southwest of the prefectural seat. Subordinate to the Western Route Circuit. To the west is Dulou Mountain. To the northeast the Yongding River enters from Liangxiang. Its Jintai Sluice diversion channel is silted up. To the northwest the Juma Branch River divides and enters from Fangshan and rejoins; the Huliang River joins the Staff-Drawn Spring to pour into it. East of Fuluo Camp it enfolds the Huo River, wrongly enters and emerges again, and pours into the Liuli River. Further east it receives the Jianniu River; silted up, with diverging channels. To the southwest is the Dugang Marsh. To the southeast is the ancient Zhuo River, now obliterated. Five market towns: Wangjiadian, Songmudian, Liuheying, Magou Village, and Changgou. Zhuolu courier station. ) Fangshan: (populous, difficult. Ninety li southwest of the prefectural seat. Subordinate to the Western Route Circuit. To the southwest is Great Fang Mountain, also called Great Defense Mountain, with the Gou Peak. In the eighth year of Yongzheng a phoenix gathered here. Also Stone Sutra Mountain. The Longquan River, the ancient Fangshui, has two sources issuing from Great An Mountain in the northwest; flowing southeast it is called the Lu River. There is the Sha River encircling the city; it joins the Baer River to pour into it—this is the Liuli River. The Juma River enters from Laishui, runs along the border past Tiesuo Cliff, and the branch river issues forth. It divides into two. To its east is the Staff-Drawn Spring. The Huliang River and Huo River both issue from the southwest, while the Ciziwei River and Ya River issue from the northeast. Also the Shunshui River enters from Wanping. There is a Cijiawu patrol commissioner. There is the Jiyang courier station. ) Bazhou: (strategic, populous. One hundred and eighty li south of the prefectural seat. Subordinate to the Southern Route Circuit. The Jade Belt River enters from Baoding and becomes the Daqing River. The southern branch runs via Yuanjiakou and is called the Huitong River. The middle branch, the Zhongting River, also enters from Baoding, passes Kaolaquan, receives the Jianniu River, again divides into a northern branch whose lower course is the Xinzhang River, again wrongly enters the Jianniu and Huangjia rivers, rising and falling with the Yongding. The northern branch is the ancient grain-transport canal. At the beginning of the Guangxu reign Brigade Commander Chen Benrong dredged it and restored the Canger Marsh embankment, planting sixty-one thousand willows. Two traveling palaces: one at Taibao Village, one at Suqiao Market Town. There is a registrar, also subordinate to Wenan. Also at Xinan Market Town a patrol commissioner, also subordinate to Yongqing. There is the Yijin courier station. ) Wenan: (populous, difficult. Three hundred and forty li south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. Subordinate to the Southern Route Circuit. The three branches of the Daqing River all enter from Ba, trending toward Dongdian. Its northern and middle branches join west of Shengfang and are called the Xinzhang River. The Wenan Depression extends three hundred li round; there are the Huoshao, Niutai, and Ma marshes. In the eighth year of Guangxu the channel below Taitou was dredged, a length of one thousand nine hundred and twenty zhang. At Zuojiazhuang there is a traveling palace. One county courier station. ) Dacheng: (populous, difficult. Three hundred and ninety li southeast of the prefectural seat. Subordinate to the Southern Route Circuit. To the northwest the Huitong River enters from Wenan, passes Taitou Village; there is a traveling palace. The Daqing River and Xinzhang River both enter from Wenan. The Ziya River enters from Hejian; formerly it received the ancient Yang River—in the Guangxu period it was diverted from Zhuxian at Xian, and the old channel has long been obliterated. Also the western branch of the Black Dragon Harbor enters from Qing and joins the eastern branch river. ) Baoding: (light tax burden. Two hundred li south and slightly west of the prefectural seat. Subordinate to the Southern Route Circuit. To the southwest the Daqing River enters from Xiong and is called the Jade Belt River; passing Zhangqingkou, west of the mouth is Xidian and east is Dongdian—bordered in the twenty-eighth year of Qianlong. Further north it joins the Zhao King River; reaching Lugezhuang, in the Kangxi period it was diverted as the Zhongting River, joining the Shiwang River to enter Ba. One county courier station. ) Jizhou: (strategic, populous. One hundred and eighty li east and slightly north of the prefectural seat. Subordinate to the Eastern Route Circuit. To the northwest are Pan Mountain, Peach Blossom Mountain, and Ge Mountain; three traveling palaces. The Ji Canal from the early Ming Tianshun period drew the Chao River upstream to the present prefecture, later abandoned. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was dredged again, with the Fengling imperial grain route at its upper source. The Li River enters from the east at Zunhua, joins the Lin River, and at Wuliqiao south of the city it first becomes the Ji Canal. Turning south, the Ju River issues outside Huangyakou north of the prefecture, wrongly emerges to Sanhe, again runs along the border to meet. Four garrison posts: Huanghuadian, Qingshanling, Huangya Pass, and Jiangjunshi Pass. There is the Yuyang courier station. Pinggu: light tax burden. One hundred and fifty li northeast of the prefectural seat. Subordinate to the Northern Route Circuit. To the northeast the Ju River enters from Ji, joins the Dule River, skirts the city southwest, meets the Shi River—that is, the Ru River. One county courier station. ) Baoding Prefecture: (strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Subordinate to the Qing River Circuit. Under the Ming it governed three departments and seventeen counties. ) In the eighth year of Kangxi the provincial governor was moved here from Zhending, making it the seat of Zhili Province. In the second year of Yongzheng it was changed to governor-general. The provincial treasurer, Qing River intendant, and others are all stationed here. In the twelfth year Yizhou was promoted to a directly governed department, with Laishui placed under it. Shenze was also transferred to Dingzhou. In the Daoguang period Xin'an was abolished. Three hundred and fifty li northeast of the capital. Three hundred and fifty li wide and four hundred li long. North polar altitude thirty-eight degrees fifty-one minutes. The capital lies fifty-two minutes west of it. It governs two departments and fourteen counties. Qingyuan: strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Adjacent to the capital. The Qingyuan River is the prefectural river, the upper course of the ancient Shen River. The Qicun River enters from Mancheng, joins the Baicao Ditch, encircles the city, receives the Xuhe Ditch on the left, and further east joins the Jinxian River. The Tang River enters from Wangdu, joins the Yangcheng River, receives the Qixianzhuang River—now silted up; in the Xianfeng period it shifted south; at the end of Tongzhi it shifted further south into Li, reaching Anzhou, again ran along the border to enter, and below joined the prefectural river as the middle branch of the Daqing River. There is Dajidian Market Town, Zhangdengdian patrol commissioner, and Jintai courier station. Railway. Mancheng: strategic. Forty li west and slightly north of the prefectural seat. To the southwest is Baoyang Mountain. To the west is the Yu River, entering from Yizhou and going underground; at the east of the county it wells up as the One-Mu and Jiju springs, joins the Shen Spring, and becomes the Qicun River. The Fangshun River enters from Wanxian, dividing into the Baicao Ditch and Jinxian River. The Xu River enters from Yizhou, also called the Dace River, flowing east into Ansu. The Thousand-Li Long Embankment begins in the county border and ends at Zangjia Bridge in Xian County, spanning the three prefectures of Shuntian, Baoding, and Hejian. The river registrar is stationed at Fangshunqiao Market Town. There is the Xingyang courier station. Ansu: strategic. Forty-five li north and slightly east of the prefectural seat. To the west is Black Mountain. To the southwest is Yicun Ridge. The Bao River enters from Yizhou, joins the Qushui River, at the north of the city receives the Jizhua Spring River, and below reaches Xin'an to enter the marsh. To its north the Ping Spring River enters from Dingxing and flows east into Rongcheng; its branch channel issues from the west of the city to the right, and with the Cao River jointly enters Anzhou. There are the Liangmen Marsh and Baigou courier station. Railway. Dingxing: strategic, populous. One hundred and twenty li north and slightly east of the prefectural seat. To the north the Juma River enters from Laishui, passes west of the city and south, receives the middle and north Yishui and Macun River, and runs along the border into Rongcheng and Xincheng as the border river. To the north there is also the Border River. To the southwest is the Jizhua River. To the southeast is Langan Ditch. There are the Fanyang Marsh, Gucheng Market Town, and Xuanhua courier station. Railway. Xincheng: strategic, populous. One hundred and fifty li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the south is the Juma River, running along the border from Dingxing; its northern branch enters from Gu'an, and at Shijiuza to the left is diverted as the Luseng Diversion River—now silted up. Further southwest it joins the Ziquan River and Doumen River, receives the Langan River—that is, the Border River wrongly emerging and re-entering. Further south it is called the Baigou River, entering Rongcheng to rejoin. Three market towns: Fangguan, Xinqiao, and Baigou. Fenshui courier station. Tang: light tax burden. One hundred and twenty li west and slightly south of the prefectural seat. To the north is Yao Mountain. To the northeast is Wangdu Mountain. To the northwest is Great Mao Mountain. To the west is the Tang River, the ancient Boshui, entering from Guangchang and wrongly emerging; on the left it joins the Daoliu River. To the west is the Bao River, receiving on the right the Heng River, Mani River, and Tang River. Also to the northeast is the Fangshui River. Northwest of Daoma Pass are four passes: Yueling, Liujiao'an, Juncheng Market Town, and Zhoujiabao. Henghekou patrol commissioner. One county courier station. Boye: tax-exhausted. Ninety-five li south of the prefectural seat. To the southeast the Zhulong River enters along the border from Anping, also called the Chan River, bending south past Baita Village to enter Li. The Tang River enters from Qingyuan. One county courier station. Wangdu: strategic, difficult. Eighty li southwest of the prefectural seat. Formerly called Qingdu, renamed in the eleventh year of Qianlong. To the southeast the Tang River enters from Dingzhou. There are the Nine Dragon Springs encircling the city like pearls welling forth; issuing east they become the Longquan River. There is the Zhicheng courier station. Rongcheng: light tax burden. Ninety li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the north is the Juma River; the western branch enters along the border from Dingxing and joins the eastern Baigou River. The west is clear and weak, the east turbid and strong. Also the Bao River enters from Ansu; its Ping River is dry. One county courier station. Wan: light tax burden. Seventy li west and slightly south of the prefectural seat. To the west is Yiqi Mountain; the Qi River issues from it—that is, the Quni River. The gazetteer disliked its name and changed it to Fangshun. It receives the Fangshui River. The Pu River it formerly joined is dry. The Tang River again wrongly enters from its county and joins the Qingshui River. Li: populous, difficult. Ninety li south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. To the south the Zhulong River enters from Boye, also called the Yangcun River. The Tang River enters from Boye; from the beginning of Daoguang it shifted north. The river registrar is stationed at Zhang Village. One county courier station. Xiong: strategic, populous, difficult. One hundred and twenty li northeast of the prefectural seat. Xidian Marsh lies south of the county. Spanning Anzhou, Gaoyang, and Renqiu, three hundred and thirty li round, it gathers all waters of the prefecture—what are called the seventy-two clear rivers. Zhaobeikou chokes its middle. Twelve bridges. The Sijiao River enters from Anzhou, issues at the fifth bridge, and is called the Daqing River, wrongly emerging and re-entering. The Baigou River enters from Rongcheng, south reaching the Dagang and Chaihe marshes. The Daqing River was then diverted north of the Medicine King traveling palace to meet. There is the Guiyi courier station. Qizhou: light tax burden. One hundred and twenty li south and slightly west of the prefectural seat. To the south is the northern branch of the Hutuo River, running along the border from Shenze. To its north the Zhulong River gathers the three waters of Bo, Sha, and Zi from Dingzhou. Bo is the Tang River; at the beginning of Jiaqing it shifted, and the Mengliang River seized it. This becomes the Zhulong River. Further south it passes Chengezhuang to enter Boye. One county courier station. Shulu: populous, difficult. Two hundred and forty li south and slightly west of the prefectural seat. To the northwest the Hutuo River enters from Jinzhou into Shenzhou as the southern branch; its branch channel enters Anping—the shift of the tenth year of Tongzhi. Its old channels number seven. The county assistant magistrate is stationed at Xiaozhang Village. One county courier station. Anzhou: light tax burden. Sixty li east and slightly north of the prefectural seat. In the twelfth year of Daoguang Xin'an was abolished and merged in. The prefectural river and Tang River enter from Qingyuan and join, receive the Cao River, pass north of the city as the Yicheng River, pour into Baiyang Marsh on the right, facing the Zhulong River entering from Gaoyang. Pouring into the miscellaneous marshes on the left, they rejoin as the Sishu River, also called the Sijiao River. The western marshes total ninety-nine; Baiyang is the widest, next is Shaoche, and the miscellaneous marshes are the most numerous. Two traveling palaces in Xin'an Township. One department courier station. Gaoyang: light tax burden. Sixty-five li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the northwest the Tang River enters from Li, also called the Tutou River. To the southeast the Zhulong River also enters from Li; in the Shunzhi period it again burst at Buli Village, hence also called the Buli River. Formerly it joined the Gan River—that is, the Gao River, which gave the county its name—now silted up. One county courier station. Zhending Prefecture: (strategic, populous. Subordinate to the Qing River Circuit. The regional commander is stationed here. Under the Ming it was called Zhending. It governed five departments and twenty-seven counties. ) In the first year of Yongzheng it was called Zhengding. In the second year Ji, Zhao, Shen, Ding, and Jin were promoted to five directly governed departments, with seventeen counties including Nan'gong placed under them. In the twelfth year Jinzhou was demoted, and its subordinate Wuji and Gaocheng together with Dingzhou and Xinle were returned to this jurisdiction. Two hundred and ninety li east of the provincial seat. Two hundred and seventy li wide and three hundred and eighty li long. North polar altitude thirty-eight degrees eleven minutes. The capital lies one degree forty-eight minutes west of it. It governs one department and thirteen counties. Zhengding: strategic, populous, difficult. Adjacent to the capital. Formerly called Zhending, renamed in the first year of Yongzheng. To the west is the Hutuo River, entering from Pingshan. There are two old channels of the Ye River. To its north the Linji River joins northwest springs and the Wang Spring River. Further north the Zi River enters from Xinle and goes underground flowing east. The Hutuo River is prone to shifting; north of the Fu and south of the Zi, for several hundred li flooding has spread almost everywhere. The present river was a diversion in the seventh year of Tongzhi, restoring the old channel of Kangxi that flowed east into Shen, An, and Rao. There are the Hengshan and Fucheng courier stations. Huolu: strategic. Sixty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the south is Fenglong Mountain. To the north is Wufeng Mountain; the Jiao River issues from it. It joins the Little Sha and Zuojin rivers. To the west is the Lu Spring River; east to Dayaoshe it receives the Ye River. Now silted up. There is the Zhenning courier station. Jingxing: light tax burden. One hundred and thirty li southwest of the prefectural seat. Northeast of Jingxing Mountain is a pass. To the north the Mianman River enters from Pingdingzhou in Shanxi, joins the Gantao River—also called the Wei River. Turning north, on the left it receives the Jinzhu Spring; reaching Dongye Village it is called the Ye River. To the southwest is Guguan, attached to Pingdingzhou, with a brigade general posted. To its north is Niangzi Pass. There is a garrison post. The border wall to the northwest begins at Diyan and to the south ends at Yangzhuangkou. There is the Xingshan courier station. Fuping: light tax burden. Two hundred and ten li northwest of the prefectural seat. At the end of Shunzhi it was abolished. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi it was restored. Northeast of Great Mao Mountain the Pingyang River issues. The Sha River enters from Fanzhi in Shanxi, receives the north-flowing river of Lingqiu and the Yaozi rivers as the Pai River, and further east joins the Banyu and Yanzhi rivers. Also a branch river issues from White Snake Ridge south of the county. The border wall to the northeast begins at Luolukou and to the southwest ends at Dangchenghekou. There are Longquan Pass and Changcheng Ridge. East of the garrison post is Wangkuai Market Town. In the Kangxi period the county seat was temporarily placed here. Also Cigouying Market Town. One county courier station. Luancheng: light tax burden. Sixty li south of the prefectural seat. To the west is the Jiao River, entering from Huolu, receiving the North Sha and Jinshui rivers. To the south and west are two old cities. Guancheng courier station. Xingtang: light tax burden. Seventy-five li north of the prefectural seat. To the northwest is Ji Mountain; the Gao River issues from its north two ridge mouths, joins the Gan Spring River and Longmen Ditch, skirts the city southeast, and joins the Jiamu Ditch. To the north the Pai River enters from Quyang, joining the Qu River. To the west the Zi River enters from Lingshou and goes underground. Lingshou: light tax burden. Sixty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the south the Hutuo River from Pingshan runs along the border joining Songyang River and Wei River. The Wei River is the Wei water of the Yugong. To the northwest the Zi River enters from Wutai in Shanxi, receiving branch rivers. Further southeast it joins the Ciyu River, also called the Ci River, entering Xingtang. The border wall to the north begins at Baicaogoukou and to the south ends at Chegutuokou. There is the Chatou Market Town patrol commissioner. In the Qianlong period it was moved to Ciyu Market Town. Pingshan: light tax burden. Eighty li west and slightly north of the prefectural seat. To the northwest is Fang Mountain; the Hui River issues from it—the ancient Shijiu water, now obliterated. The Hutuo River first enters the northwest of the county from Wutai in Shanxi, beginning to emerge from the mountains. It further receives the Ye River and becomes swift and fierce. The border wall to the north begins at Hehekou and to the south ends at Qingfengkou. There is the Hongzidian patrol commissioner. Yuanyi: light tax burden. Ninety li south and slightly west of the prefectural seat. To the northwest is Fenglong Mountain, where the north Zhi River issues and flows down into the Hulu River. The Wuji River south enters Zanhuang to meet the southern source, re-enters to join, wrongly emerges and re-enters, reaching Zhitudun Village to meet the Huai River. The Zhulong River from the west of the county gathers mountain streams; the North Sha River issues from Gezi Ridge—now all dry. To its south the Jinshui River flows east into Luancheng. One county courier station. Zanhuang: light tax burden. One hundred and twenty li southwest of the prefectural seat. In the third year of Yongzheng it was transferred from Zhaozhou to this jurisdiction. To the southwest is Zanhuang Mountain; the Ji River issues from it. To its north the Zhi River has two southern sources, issuing from Kelan and Siwang mountains. The Huai River has two sources—one at Huangshaling, one at Zhihutaoshan—now all dry. Wangjiaping Market Town was changed to a garrison post at the end of Xianfeng. One county courier station. Jinzhou: light tax burden. Ninety li east and slightly southwest of the prefectural seat. To the northwest the Hutuo River enters from Wuji. In the tenth year of Tongzhi it was changed to enter from Gaocheng. Also two old channels. There is a courier station. Wuji: light tax burden. Seventy li east of the prefectural seat. In the second year of Yongzheng it was transferred to Jinzhou; in the twelfth year restored. The Hutuo River enters from Gaocheng, again wrongly emerges, re-enters, passes Donghancun, and again divides into two. Its Zi River enters, passes south of the county, bends east then north. The Mudao Ditch enters from Xinle, joins the moat river, wrongly emerges and re-enters, and merges into Shenze. One county courier station. Gaocheng: light tax burden. Fifty li southeast of the prefectural seat. In the second year of Yongzhi transferred to Jinzhou; in the twelfth year restored. The Hutuo River enters from Zhengding, joining the Xihan and Wangquan rivers. In the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods it burst twice, both southeast past Zhoutou into the Baimu River. The Zi River enters from Zhengding and the Mudao Ditch from Xinle; with the Wang Mang Ditch all are dry. One county courier station. Xinle: strategic, tax-exhausted. Seventy-five li northeast of the prefectural seat. In the second year of Yongzheng transferred to Dingzhou; in the twelfth year restored. The Pai River enters from Xingtang, joining the Gao River. The Mudao Ditch issues from the Hui River of Pingshan; the Zi River seized it. In the Shunzhi period Magistrate Lin Huawan dredged from Minquan Market Town in the southwest. At the beginning of Jiaqing a branch of the Zi again entered from Zhengding to seize it, wrongly emerging and re-entering, joining the Yu River. One county courier station. Daming Prefecture: (strategic, populous, difficult. The regional commander is stationed here. At the beginning of Shunzhi the Dashunguang Circuit was established. In the early Yongzheng period it was changed to the Qing River Circuit; in the eleventh year it was restored. Initially following Ming institutions, it governed one department and ten counties. ) In the third year of Yongzheng Neihuang, Jun, and Hua were divided and placed under Henan Zhangde and Weihui. In the twenty-third year of Qianlong Wei County was abolished and divided between Daming and Yuancheng. Eight hundred li northeast of the provincial seat. Two hundred li wide and three hundred and seventy li long. North polar altitude thirty degrees twenty-one minutes thirty seconds. The capital lies one degree six minutes west of it. It governs one department and six counties. Daming: strategic, populous, difficult. Adjacent to the capital. The prefectural seat lies to the south. Under the Ming the seat was moved eight li south to Nanle Market Town. In the twenty-second year of Qianlong it was buried by the Zhang River; the old site was restored, but only the county assistant magistrate is stationed there. The Wei River enters from Neihuang in Henan. Its new Wei River enters from Qingfeng, wrongly emerges and re-enters to meet. The Zhang River divides and enters from Lincheng—one enters the Wei, one reaches south of the prefectural seat as the Zhang diversion channel. To the east are three old county seats. To the northeast is Xiaotan Market Town; in the Jiaqing period a river registrar was placed. One county courier station. Yuancheng: populous. Adjacent to the capital. The prefectural seat lies to the north. Three old cities. To the southeast the Wei River enters from Daming. Its Zhang diversion channel and ancient Zhang River enter, pass Beizhangzhuang to join, and both flow east into Guantao. To the southeast the Majia River enters from Nanle. One county courier station. Nanle: difficult. Fifty li southeast of the prefectural seat. In the twenty-first year of Jiaqing the newly opened Wei River first entered from Daming. After the fourteenth year of Guangxu the Zhang River began to come from this county to meet. To the west are the Zhulong River, Yuerugu River, and to the east the Liuta abandoned river—all entering from Qingfeng. Also to the east the Longwo River enters from Guancheng in Shandong, stopping at Longwo Village. In summer and autumn during prolonged rain it often spreads again. Yet on the Liuta plain there was formerly the Shunshui Ditch; in the Kangxi period Magistrate Wang Peizong dredged it; in the twenty-first year of Guangxu Yuan Siying dredged it again, naming it Yongshun—the district relied on it. Qingfeng: difficult. Ninety li south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. To the west is Guangyang Mountain. The Wei River runs along the border from Neihuang in Henan. To the west is the ancient Majia River. The Zhulong River enters from Kai. There is Shunhebao Market Town. One county courier station. Dongming: populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Two hundred and twenty li south of the prefectural seat. To the west is the Yellow River entering from Changyuan. Since the Ming, within the county border it has shifted three times: in the eighth year of Jiaqing it seized the Hong River, in the twenty-fourth year the Qi River, in the fifth year of Xianfeng the Jialu River; later it shifted north again to become the present channel. To the south is Dushengji Market Town. In the tenth year of Yongzheng the garrison command was changed to a regional command, and the next year a patrol commissioner was placed. Formerly there was an intendant; abolished in the Daoguang period. Kaizhou: populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. One hundred and twenty li south of the prefectural seat. In the Tongzhi and Guangxu periods the Yellow River burst in from Dongming in six channels, joining and dividing again. The northern branch is the ancient Guzi River, also called the Maoxiang River—a former small channel; in the Kangxi period it burst at Jinglongkou and first became large. The southern branch is the ancient Pu channel, merged into Pu prefecture in Shandong. Also two Yellow River old channels: the ancient Majia River and ancient Zhulong River. Also the Xiao River enters from Huaxian in Henan, also called the Majia River. Four market towns: Xuzhen Fort, Liangmenji, Jingdianji, and Liuxiatun. Lvqiu Fort; the department judge is stationed. At Guding Market Town there is an abolished patrol commissioner. One department courier station. Changyuan: populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Two hundred and ninety li southwest of the prefectural seat. East is the Yellow River entering from Lanfeng in Henan; formerly it passed Pan'gangli—in the eighth year of Xianfeng it shifted to Langang, in the second year of Tongzhi it again bent west from Lantongji to the old city mouth as the present channel. The county assistant magistrate is stationed at Dahuangji. There is the Dagang abolished patrol commissioner. One county courier station. Xingtai Prefecture: strategic. Subordinate to the Dashunguang Circuit. Five hundred and seventy li northeast of the provincial seat. Two hundred and eighty li wide and a hundred and fifty li long. North polar altitude thirty-seven degrees seven minutes. The capital lies one degree forty-nine minutes west of it. It governs nine counties. Xingtai: strategic, populous, difficult. Adjacent to the capital. To the west is Feng Mountain. The Ye River issues from Malingkou northwest; silted up. Now it enters from Neiqiu, joining the Daoqi, Jiangshui, and Luoluo rivers as the Hong River. To the north is the Dahu River, joining the Shaying River. Also the Bai Spring River, receiving the Qili River on the right. To the west is Huangcun patrol commissioner. There is the Longgang courier station. Railway. Shahe: strategic. Thirty-five li south of the prefectural seat. The Sha River enters from Wu'an in Henan, joining the Hong River of Xingtai. A branch channel issues to the right, passes south of the city and east, receives the Xilanggou water—its east is the Donglanggou. One county courier station. Railway. Nanhe: populous, tax-exhausted. Forty li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west the Bai Spring River enters from Xingtai. A branch of the Sha River also enters from its county, joining the Donglanggou. Its main channel is called the Dry River. Further east the Ming River and Liulei River enter from Jize. There is a courier station. Railway. Pingxiang: tax-exhausted, difficult. Eighty li east of the prefectural seat. To the east the Fuyang River enters from Jize. To the west the Liulei River enters from Nanhe. One county courier station. Guangzong: tax-exhausted. One hundred and twenty li east of the prefectural seat. Two Zhang River old channels; in the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi they overflowed, and Magistrate Wu Cunli added east and west dikes totaling more than nineteen thousand zhang. One county courier station. Julu: tax-exhausted, difficult. One hundred and ten li east of the prefectural seat. The Julu Marsh is the Great Continent Marsh. The Fuyang River enters from Ren. The old Zhang River shifted in the Kangxi period and is abandoned. One county courier station. Tangshan: light tax burden. Eighty li northeast of the prefectural seat. There is Xuanwu Mountain. The Zhi River, Liyang River, and Liulin River all enter from Neiqiu. There is a courier station. Neiqiu: strategic. Sixty li north of the prefectural seat. Que Mountain, also called Longteng Mountain; Longteng water issues from it, gathering the Nine Dragon waters of the western hills, flowing east as the Liulin River. At its western foothill Gunao—the southern source of the Zhi River issues there, wrongly emerging and re-entering; its Zhi second and third channels join as the Ye River. There is the Zhongqiu courier station. Railway. Ren: light tax burden. Forty li northeast of the prefectural seat. The Fuyang River enters from Pingxiang. There is the Great Continent Marsh, receiving nine rivers and eight waters; overflowing east it becomes the Jizhua River to meet. Formerly the marsh spanned Julu, Longping, and Ningjin borders, where the Hutuo, Zhang, and Fu gathered. Now the Hutuo is north, the Zhang south, and the Fu also shifted east. The continent at Ren is the Southern Marsh—that is, Zhangjia Marsh; at Ningjin is the Northern Marsh—that is, Ningjin Marsh. One county courier station. Guangping Prefecture: light tax burden. Subordinate to the Dashunguang Circuit. Under the Ming it governed nine counties. In the early Yongzheng period Prince Yixian, because of the Fu River, memorialized to cut Cizhou of Henan Zhangde to place under this jurisdiction. Six hundred and eighty li northeast of the provincial seat. Three hundred and fifty li wide and a hundred and eighty li long. North polar altitude thirty-six degrees forty-six minutes thirty seconds. The capital lies one degree thirty-five minutes west of it. It governs one department and nine counties. Yongnian: strategic, populous, difficult. Adjacent to the capital. To the northwest is Lou Mountain. To the northeast the Sha River enters from Shahe. To the south the Ming River enters from Wu'an in Henan. In the Qianlong period it burst into the Niutou River; at the end of Tongzhi it returned to its old course. To the southeast the Fuyang River enters from Handan, dividing as the Liulei River—that is, the Niutou River. There are eight sluices, all diverting the Fu to irrigate more than nineteen thousand mu of fields. The Lintao Pass intendant was abolished in the Daoguang period; the river affairs subprefect was moved to station here. One county courier station. Quzhou: populous. Forty li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the southwest the Fuyang River enters from Yongnian. The Zhang River old channel to the southeast—from the beginning of Wanli in the Ming it carried the Fu north; in the tenth year of Kangxi it first shifted south, in the forty-seventh year further south, passing Daming and Yuancheng. One county courier station. Feixiang: light tax burden. Forty li southeast of the prefectural seat. East and west Zhang River old channels number two. To the east is Jiudian Camp. In the Kangxi period the county seat was temporarily placed here. One county courier station. Jize: tax-exhausted, difficult. Sixty li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the east the Fuyang River enters from Quzhou; to the right it is diverted as the Xinglong River. To the west are the Sha, Ming, and Niutou rivers entering from Yongnian. Guangping: light tax burden. Sixty li southeast of the prefectural seat. The Zhang River old channel formerly entered from Cheng'an; its branch Quanzhuang River—both obliterated. One county courier station. Handan: strategic, populous, difficult. Fifty li southwest of the prefectural seat. To the northwest is Zi Mountain. To the west is Ling Mountain. To the northeast the Fuyang River enters from Ci, joining the Zhu, Qin, and Shuyuan rivers. There is the Congtai courier station. Railway. Cheng'an: light tax burden. Sixty li south and slightly west of the prefectural seat. The Huan and Zhang old channels both enter from Lincheng in Henan. In the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods the Zhang River twice destroyed the city walls. At the end of Qianlong it was changed to enter the Wei from Santai in its county. Wei: difficult. One hundred and ten li northeast of the prefectural seat. To the south is the Zhang River old channel. Zhangtai Village abolished patrol commissioner. One county courier station. Qinghe: light tax burden. One hundred and eighty li east of the prefectural seat. The Qinghe old channel lies west of the county. The Wei River enters along the border from Linqing in Shandong. Its Wucheng is the ancient Tunshi branch river. To the northwest is the Zhang River old channel. In the Yongzheng period the county assistant magistrate was moved to Youfangkou, also handling patrol commissioner duties. One county courier station. Cizhou: strategic, populous, difficult. One hundred and twenty li southwest of the prefectural seat. In the fourth year of Yongzheng it was transferred from Zhangde in Henan to this jurisdiction. To the west is Shenlin Mountain. Fu Mountain—north and south sources of the Fu water issue from it. Joining the Yangqu River and Ni River, spreading east as the Five-Claw Ditch. Encircling the city, again dividing into three, joining the Jianniu River and Jian River. The Zhang River enters from Shexian in Henan. The department judge is stationed at Pengcheng Market Town. There is the Fuyang courier station. Tianjin Prefecture: (strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Initially subordinate to the Tianjin Circuit. Under the Ming it was a guard, territory of Hejian. ) In the third year of Yongzheng it became a directly governed department; Wuqing of Shuntian and Qing and Jinghai of Hejian were placed under it. Wuqing soon returned to its former jurisdiction. In the ninth year it was promoted to a prefecture and an attached prefectural county was established. Cangzhou was demoted and its three subordinate counties were placed under this jurisdiction. The Tianjin intendant, regional commander, Changlu salt transport commissioner, and Tongyong garrison commander are stationed. In the tenth year of Xianfeng maritime prohibitions were opened and a commissioner for the three treaty ports was appointed. In the ninth year of Tongzhi it was abolished as the Jinhai Customs Circuit; the governor-general concurrently served as Beiyang imperial commissioner, stationed at Baoding, moving to Tianjin every half year. The prefectural city lies southwest of Sankoukou. In the Gengzi year of Guangxu the Boxer turmoil razed it to level ground. Four hundred and sixty li west of the provincial seat. Two hundred and twenty li wide and three hundred and eighty li long. North polar altitude thirty-nine degrees ten minutes. The capital lies forty-seven minutes east of it. It governs one department and six counties. Tianjin: strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Adjacent to the capital. Established in the ninth year of Yongzheng. The sea lies a hundred and twenty li to the southeast. The Northern Canal enters from Wuqing, gathering the Daqing, Yongding, Ziya, and Southern Canal as the Hai River, passing Zizhulin, through twenty-one gu, with more than ten diversion channels left and right, entering at Dagukou. Dagu Market Town has an assistant commander and subprefect. In the early Yongzheng period the Tianjin naval camp was established. In the early Tongzhi period the machine bureau was established. Later Xincheng batteries were built, echoing the Dagu batteries. Xincheng has a coastal defense subprefect. Eight Changlu salt fields from Shanhaiguan to Leling in Shandong, more than eight hundred li long. Three patrol commissioners at Fengcai Field southeast Ge'gu, Xigu, and Yangqing. Eight market towns: Dagu, Sanhe, Touhangou, Pugou, Xianshui'gu, Shuanggang, Beimatou, and Zhaojiachang. Two courier stations: Yangqing water and land. Shipping routes: southeast to Yantai and Shanghai, northeast to Yingkou, east to Incheon in Korea and Nagasaki in Japan. Railways: Beijing-Tianjin, Tianjin-Yushu, Tianjin-Baoding, Tianjin-Pukou, and others. Qing: strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. One hundred and sixty li southwest of the prefectural seat. At the end of Shunzhi Xingji was abolished and merged in. In the third year of Yongzheng it was transferred from Hejian to this jurisdiction. The Southern Canal enters from Cangzhou; there is the Xingji diversion river. To the west the Black Dragon Harbor River enters from Hejian; to the southeast are two old channels of the Hutuo and Zhang. Changlu Market Town, seventy li south of the county, had the salt transport commissioner—now moved to Tianjin. There is a Liuchuan river-control registrar. Two market-town patrol commissioners: Xingji and Dulin. Two garrison posts: Hedong and Machang. Two water courier stations: Liuchuan and Ganping. Jinghai: strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Seventy li southwest of the prefectural seat. In the third year of Yongzheng transferred from Hejian to this jurisdiction. To the south the Southern Canal enters from Qing; to the right issues as the Jinguantun diversion river. To the west the Ziya River enters from Dacheng, receiving the Black Dragon Harbor River. To the northwest the Daqing River also enters, receiving the branch Xinzhang River. There is the Duliu Market Town patrol commissioner. There is the Fengxin courier station. Cangzhou: strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Two hundred li southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming it belonged to Hejian. In the seventh year of Yongzheng promoted to a directly governed department, soon demoted to come under this jurisdiction. The sea lies a hundred and thirty li to the east. The Southern Canal enters from Nanpi; to the right issues as the Jiedi diversion river. To its north the Xingji diversion river enters from Qing. To its south the Shibei River carries the Wang Mang River from Nanpi, gathering as Muzhu Harbor, reaching Qikou to enter. To the southeast the Xuanhui River also enters from Nanpi. There is the Yanzhen Field salt commissioner. Four market towns: Zhuanhe, Qikou, Jiedi, and Jiuzhou. Three patrol commissioners: Fenghuadian, Mengcun, and Licun. Two courier stations: Zhuanhe water and land. Nanpi: populous, difficult. Two hundred and seventy li southwest of the prefectural seat. In the Yongzheng period transferred from Cangzhou to this jurisdiction. The Southern Canal runs along the border from Dongguang. The Xuanhui River enters from Dongguang, dividing as the Wang Mang River. The Jin River from Ningjin wrongly enters several times. Two market towns: Xuejiawo and Fengjiakou. Xinqiao courier station. Yanshan: populous. Two hundred and sixty li south of the prefectural seat. In the Yongzheng period transferred from Cangzhou to this jurisdiction. The sea lies a hundred and twenty li to the northeast. The Xuanhui River enters from the department. The ancient Yellow River Gejin enters from Nanpi, wrongly emerges and re-enters, merging into Leling in Shandong. To the east is the abandoned Wudi Ditch. Haifeng Field at Yang'erzhuang, with two patrol commissioners placed at the old county seat. Three market towns: Langtuozi, Hancun, and Gaojiawan. Qingyun: light tax burden. Three hundred and twenty li southeast of the prefectural seat. In the Yongzheng period transferred from Cangzhou to this jurisdiction. Gejin wrongly enters from Yanshan, receiving the Husu and Fufu rivers. The Majia River enters from Leling and flows into Haifeng in Shandong. One county courier station. Hejian Prefecture: (strategic, populous, difficult. Subordinate to the Qing River Circuit. Under the Ming it governed two departments and sixteen counties. ) In the third year of Yongzheng Tianjin Guard was promoted to a directly governed department. At the end of Shunzhi Xingji was abolished and merged into Qing. Then Qing and Jinghai were placed under it. In the seventh year Cangzhou was again promoted, with Dongguang, Nanpi, Yanshan, and Qingyun placed under it. In the ninth year Dongguang returned to this jurisdiction. One hundred and forty li north of the provincial seat. Two hundred li wide and three hundred and eighty li long. North polar altitude thirty-eight degrees thirty minutes. The capital lies seventeen minutes west of it. It governs one department and ten counties. Hejian: strategic, populous, difficult. Adjacent to the capital. The Ziya River and Black Dragon Harbor River enter from Xian. To the west is the ancient Yang River, joining the Tang River. At the end of Tongzhi the Hutuo passed here, later abandoned. The county assistant magistrate is stationed at Dongcheng Market Town. Also five market towns: Ershilipu, Wofotang, Shahe Bridge, Chongxian, and Xincun. Two patrol commissioners: Jinghe Market Town and Beiweicun. There is the Yinghai courier station. Xian: strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Fifty-five li south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. To the southwest the Fuyang River enters from Wuqiang, dividing as a Hutuo branch river. To the northeast three Black Dragon Harbor rivers and the Nan Tingzi River—all obliterated. Two market towns: Huai and Shangjialin. There is the Lecheng courier station. Fucheng: strategic. One hundred and forty li south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. To the west the Zhang River enters from Jingzhou. To the southeast the ancient Sha River—that is, the Tunshi River—also enters from Jing, also called the Man River. There is the Manhe courier station. Suning: light tax burden. Forty li west of the prefectural seat. The ancient Tang River enters from Raoyang—dry. The ancient Yang River enters from Xian. Formerly the Zhulong River overflowed between Gaoyang and Li as the Zhongbao River, further east dividing as the Jade Belt River—now all obliterated. There is the Fucheng courier station. Renqiu: strategic, populous, difficult. Sixty-seven li north of the prefectural seat. The Sijiao River enters from Anzhou, issuing at Zhaobeikou. To the east is the Dagang diversion river. At the end of Tongzhi it was dredged again as the Zhao King New River, pouring down into the Jade Belt River of Qingyuan, and the eastern garrison assistant magistrate of Mozhou was moved here. There is the abandoned Yang River. Guzhou Market Town. Mozhou courier station. Jiaohe: populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. One hundred and ten li southeast of the prefectural seat. The Southern Canal runs along the border from Dongguang. To its west the Man River, Zhang River, Tingzi River, and Hutuo branch river—all dry. There is a Botou Market Town river registrar and abolished patrol commissioner. Gaochuan Market Town. Fuzhuang courier station. There was an assistant magistrate—abolished. Ningjin: light tax burden. Two hundred and thirty li southeast of the prefectural seat. The ancient Yellow River Gejin enters from Wuqiao. South is the Tu River, formerly entering from Dezhou in Shandong; below reaching Qingyun it is the Xian River. Some also call it the Majia River. There is Baotou Market Town. There is a courier station. Jingzhou: populous, difficult. One hundred and ninety li southeast of the prefectural seat. The Southern Canal runs along the border from Dezhou in Shandong. The ancient Sha River enters from Gucheng, called the Dayang River. The Quliu River enters from Gucheng, called the Jiangjiang River, joining as the Man River. Also to the northwest is the abandoned Zhang River. Three market towns: Liuzhimiao, Anling, and Lianwo. Longhua Market Town patrol commissioner. There is the Dongguang courier station. Wuqiao: populous, difficult. Two hundred and forty li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the west the Southern Canal enters along the border from Dezhou in Shandong. To the east is the Xuanhui River. Also to the east the Sha River—the ancient Yellow River Gejin, now the Sinvsi diversion river, Goupan River, now the Shaomaying diversion river—enter from Dezhou and join. There is the Longhua Market Town patrol commissioner. Lianwo Market Town river registrar. Placed under Jingzhou. There was a water courier station assistant magistrate—abolished. Dongguang: populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. One hundred and sixty li southeast of the prefectural seat. The Southern Canal enters from Wuqiao. To the east the Xuanhui River, joining the Sha and Man rivers divided from Jing and Fucheng. Two market towns: Dengmingsi Village and Xiakou. Matou courier station. Gucheng: tax-exhausted, difficult. Two hundred and eighty li south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. The Southern Canal enters from Shandong. Wucheng runs along the border to enter. Two branches of Tunshi northwest of Dezhou are called the ancient Sha River and Quliu River, both issuing west of the county. There is the abandoned Zhang River—that is, the Huanglu River. The county assistant magistrate is stationed at Zhengjiakou. There is a garrison. Ganling courier station. Chengde Prefecture: (strategic, populous, difficult. Subordinate to the Rehe Circuit. Under the Ming, Nuoyin and Taining guards. After Tianshun the Ulianghai dwelt here, later merged into Chahar. At the beginning of Shunzhi it came within the inner domains. ) In the forty-second year of Kangxi the Mountain Resort was built at Rehe, visited annually. In the fifty-second year it was walled. In the first year of Yongzheng a subprefecture was established. In the eleventh year Chengde directly governed department was established. In the seventh year of Qianlong it again became a subprefecture. In the forty-third year it became a prefecture. One department and five counties were established. In the fifteenth year of Jiaqing the Rehe Circuit commander was established. Also governing the eastern two leagues of Inner Mongolia, sixteen banners, plus one Xiletu Kulun Lama banner. At the beginning of Guangxu the Weichang subprefecture was established. In the thirtieth year Chaoyang was promoted to a prefecture. Jianchang was placed under it. The subprefecture was placed under Xuanhua. In the thirty-third year Chifeng was again promoted to a directly governed department. Seven hundred and eighty li southwest of the provincial seat. A thousand and two hundred li wide and eight hundred li long. North polar altitude forty-one degrees ten minutes. The capital lies one degree thirty minutes east of it. It governs one department and three counties. East of the prefecture is Tianqiao Mountain. To the west is Guangren Ridge, formerly Modou Ridge, renamed at the end of Kangxi. The Rehe River is the ancient Wulie water. The western source Guduerhu River enters from Fengning, receiving the middle source Maogou River—that is, the Mochin River—and the eastern source Saiyin River, passing the Panchui Peak, joining hot springs, and first called the Rehe River. The Luan River enters from Luanping and joins it. Further east it joins the Bai River and Laoniu River, turning south to receive the Liu River. To its west Huanghuachuan and Hei River; to its east the Pu River wrongly enters again from Pingquan. The Pu River merges into Qian'an. The Yixun River issues from Yixun Sechin in Weichang, south entering Fengning. Also to the west is the Qian Tower River, entering Miyun. Four traveling palaces: Diaoyutai, Huangtukan, Zhongguan, and Zhangsanying. The border wall to the north begins at Han'erling and to the south ends at Heita Pass. Eight market towns: Tang Sanying, Zhongguan, Xiabancheng, Xinzhangzi, Liugou, Ergou, Sangou, and Maogou. Shipianzi patrol commissioner. Rehe courier station. Luanping: strategic, difficult. Sixty li southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, Nuoyin Guard. In the seventh year of Qianlong Halahetun subprefecture was established; changed in the forty-third year. To the west is Chenji Mountain. To the southwest is Qingshi Ridge. To the northwest the Luan River enters from Fengning, joining the Xingzhou River. On the left the Yixun River enters the prefecture border. The Chao River enters from Fengning. To the southwest the Gu River enters from Dushikou subprefecture, with the Tang, Hongtuyu, Fengjiayu, Huangyakou, Shuiyu, Baidao, Dashuiyu rivers all entering Miyun. To its west the Yanxi River enters Huairou. Five traveling palaces: Kalahetun, Wangjiaying, Changshanyu, Liangjianfang, and Bakashiying. The border wall to the east begins at Han'erling and to the west ends at Qianliankou. Seven market towns: Kalahetun, Dadianzi, Sandao Liang, Maquanzi, Hongqi, Husha, and Lamadong. Tujiangying patrol commissioner. One county courier station. Pingquan Department: strategic, populous, difficult. One hundred and fifty li east of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, Nuoyin Guard. In the seventh year of Yongzhi Bagou subprefecture was established as the southern border. Changed in the forty-third year of Qianlong. To the west are Nalasutai Mountain and Chahantuoluo Sea Mountain. The Xibo River issues from its east. The eastern source of the Rehe River is the Saiyin River. The middle source Mochin River both issue northwest into the prefecture border. The Pu River, also called the Liu River, has four sources joining west of the old Yuan Huizhou city, called the Chahan River; passing west of Kuancheng it is called the Kuan River and enters Qian'an. The Laoha River, ancient Tuohuchen water, popularly shortened to Lao River, issues from Yong'an Mountain south of the right wing of Kharachin, also called Chahan River; meeting the Qizhaertai River, further north joining the Huoerhuoke and Bu'erhan Wulanshan rivers and Wulutoutai River, further northeast joining the Kundulun River, entering Jianchang. Eighty li northeast of Daning city; the department judge is stationed. Eight market towns: Qigouying, Yatougou, Nuanquan, Yingtaogou, Longxumen, Boluoshu, Talabolowa, and Wolfo Temple. Bagou tax office. One department courier station. Fengning: populous, difficult. Two hundred and sixty li northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, Nuoyin Guard. In the first year of Qianlong the Four-Banner subprefecture was established. Changed in the forty-third year. To the northwest are He Mountain and Tai Mountain; Linglong Peak was formerly Xinglong Mountain, renamed in the nineteenth year of Qianlong. East is the western source of the Rehe River, entering from Weichang, passing Guduerhu Ridge as the Guduerhu River into the prefecture border. To the north the Shangdu River enters from Duolun subprefecture, receiving the Xiao Luan River, called the Luan River. To its west the Xingzhou River issues from Huer Mountain northwest. The Chao River, ancient Xu water, also called Baoqiu water, issues seventy li north of Dage north of the county at Chenggenying. Also the Tang River issues from Shibapan Ridge. To the northeast the Yixun River enters from the prefecture border, receiving the Yimatu River, merging into Luanping. Four traveling palaces: Boluohetun, Huanggu Tun, Shibaertai, and Jierhalangtu. Six market towns: Huangdi, Dengjiazhai, Shanghuangqi, Linjiaying, Senjitu, and Baihugou. Four patrol commissioners: Guojiatun, Dage'er, Huanggu Tun, and Tuban. One county courier station. Longhua: established in the thirtieth year of Guangxu at Zhangsanyingzi. There is a patrol commissioner handling registrar duties. Together with Guojiatun and Huanggu Tun—two. Chaoyang Prefecture: (populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Subordinate to the Rehe Circuit. Under the Ming, Yingzhou Guard. Later entered Taining Guard. ) In the third year of Qianlong Tazigou subprefecture was established as the eastern border. In the thirty-ninth year Sanzuo Pagoda subprefecture was split off. In the forty-third year Chaoyang County was established. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu, with much reclaimed land ripening, it was promoted to a prefecture and Jianchang placed under it. Three more counties were established. One thousand four hundred and twenty li southwest of the provincial seat. North polar altitude forty-one degrees forty-five minutes. The capital lies four degrees twenty-three minutes east of it. It governs four counties. To the northwest the Huang River enters from the Alukeerqin banner of Inner Mongolia. Southwest: the Da Ling River enters from Jianchang, joining the Nan Tu River, passing west of Xipingfang, on the left joining the Beikenu and Chahan rivers, further east joining the Bu'erge Sutai River, further east reaching Longcheng—also called Sanzuo Pagoda city. On the left joining the Gudu and Liangshui rivers, reaching Jinjiao Temple northeast, on the left joining the Tu River, entering Yizhou in Shengjing. The Xiao Ling River issues from Ming'an Kala Mountain of the right wing Tumet in the county. Three sources: middle Ming'an River, south Mulei River, north Canliu water—flowing southeast, joining the Haliutu River, entering Jin County in Fengtian. The Yangximu River has two sources, both issuing from the left wing of Kharachin, flowing southeast, joining the Haolai Kunde and Yazi rivers, entering Guangning in Fengtian. The Willow Palisade south begins at Jianchang and north ends at the left wing of Khorchin. Five gates: Xintai, Songlingzi, Jiuguantai, Qinghe, and Baituchang. Four market towns: Liujiazi, Boluochi, Sandao Liang, and Qinggou. Sanzuo Pagoda tax office. One county courier station. Jianchang: populous, difficult. Two hundred and sixty li southwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, abolished Yingzhou guard. In the forty-third year of Qianlong established from the western territory of Tazigou subprefecture. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu transferred from Chengde to this jurisdiction. To the north is Gu'erbantulega Mountain. To the southeast is Bayan Jiluke Mountain. East is Buhutu Mountain; Han Bailang Mountain—Bailang water issues from it, now called the Da Ling River. The southern source issues from Tuxin Tower south of the right wing of Kharachin, meeting the middle Ke'er and eastern Niulu sources, entering Chaoyang. To the north the Qi River from Luanping passes west of the county into Qian'an. The Souji River issues from Maotou Marsh southeast of the left wing of Kharachin, entering Jinzhou in Fengtian. To the north the Huang River enters from Chifeng, meeting the Laoha River. The river enters from Pingquan, joining the Bo'erke River, wrongly emerging and re-entering. The Yingjin River also comes from the county to meet, again joining the Luoma River, northeast to the valley mouth. In the eighth year of Qianlong renamed Aohan Yubao, meeting the Huang River, further east entering Chaoyang. The Willow Palisade north begins at Chaoyang and south ends at Linyu. One gate: Lishugou. Four market towns: Beizikouqin, Bolosuotara, Hujiertu, and Dachengzi. The county assistant magistrate is stationed at Sijiazi Market Town northeast. Tazigou tax office. Mangzhuang patrol commissioner. One county courier station. Chifeng Directly Governed Department: (populous, difficult. Under the Ming, Nuoyin Guard. ) In the seventh year of Yongzhi Bagou subprefecture was established as the northern border. In the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong Wulanhada subprefecture was split off. In the forty-third year Chifeng County was established, subordinate to Chengde Prefecture. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu promoted to a directly governed department. (Linxi was added. ) One thousand three hundred and twenty li southwest of the provincial seat. North polar altitude forty-two degrees thirty minutes. The capital lies two degrees forty-five minutes east of it. It governs one county. (The Huang River enters from Weichang two hundred-odd li north of the department at the Balin banner. Southeast: the Laoha River from Pingquan passes the southeast corner, receiving the Bo'erke River, north entering Jianchang. The Yingjin River, ancient Raole water, has three sources entering from Weichang, joining at Selie; Weichang southwest bends east, joining Bayan Guo River, Selie River, and Lei'ergen Wuliyasu River, entering the right wing Ujimut banner, joining Qibuchu and Yazi rivers, further south meeting the Shiligaha River; its upper course receives the Linxi'erha River. Waters northeast of Mulan gather at Yingjin; waters southeast gather at Xi'erha; the three sources join flowing north, joining the Keyihu River, entering Pingquan joining the Kele River, first entering the department, northwest meeting the Wulatai River. The Xibo River also comes from Pingquan, meeting the Yingjin River. The Yingjin River further east joins the Zhuosuo River, entering Jianchang. The Wulatai River has three sources, also gathered from Mulan waters, flowing east joining the Mo'ergen Jingqini, Ajige Qu, Gahaitu, and Bu'ehutu rivers. Four market towns: Dubizigou, Halamutou, Sidaoliang, and Yinzhi Gala. The county assistant magistrate is stationed at Dabei Market Town northwest. There is the Wulanhada tax office. There is a courier station. ) Linxi: (four hundred and eighteen li northwest of the department. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu established from lands northwest of the Balin Chahan Murun River. ) Xuanfu Prefecture: (strategic, populous, difficult. Subordinate to the Koubei Circuit. Under the Ming, Xuanfu garrison. ) In the eighth year of Shunzhi the Xuanfu provincial governor was abolished. In the tenth year guard and battalion officials were merged. It governed ten counties including Xuanfu. Yanqing and Bao'an were demoted and placed under it. In the third year of Kangxi Huailong Circuit was changed to Koubei Circuit, with the regional commander stationed here. In the fourth year placed under Shanxi, soon restored. In the seventh year the Wanquan command was abolished. In the thirty-second year it became a prefecture. Governor Guo Shilong memorialized for change, establishing eight counties. Later Yu Department was cut from Shanxi Datong to be placed under this jurisdiction. In the thirtieth year of Guangxu Weichang subprefecture was again cut from Chengde to be placed under this jurisdiction. Seven hundred li southeast of the provincial seat. Four hundred and forty li wide and three hundred and twenty li long. North polar altitude forty degrees thirty-seven minutes ten seconds. The capital lies one degree twenty-one minutes thirty seconds west of it. Subprefectures are not counted. It governs one subprefecture, three departments, and seven counties. Xuanhua: strategic, populous, difficult. Adjacent to the capital. Under the Ming, Xuanfu Front Guard. In the Shunzhi period the left and right guards were abolished and merged in, as the seat of Xuanfu garrison. In the thirty-second year of Kangxi changed to serve as the prefectural seat. To the north are East Wang Mountain and West Wang Mountain. To the west is the Yang River entering from Huai'an, on the left receiving the Qingshui, Liuhechuan, and Ni rivers, southeast into Huailai. To its south the Sanggan River enters from Xining, wrongly emerging several times; at Huailai it joins the Yang River, re-enters, and passes the prefecture border. Two forts: Jiming Fort and Shenjing Fort. There was a garrison commander—abolished in Kangxi. There is the Huashaoying patrol inspector. Two courier stations: Xuanhua and Jiming. Also two relay posts. Five military stations. Chicheng: light tax burden. Seventy li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, Chicheng Fort. Formerly the Upper North Route. Changed in the thirty-second year of Kangxi. Also Dishuiya, Yunzhou, Zhen'an, Maying, and Zhenning five forts were merged in. Chicheng mountain city. To the northeast the Bai River enters from Dushi, south issuing through Longhe Gorge, also called Longmenchuan, skirting the city southeast, joining Dashimen water—also called the Chicheng River. It further receives waters east of Jianziling and west of Haomenling, bending southeast, on the right receiving the Longmen River, on the left the Hongshaliang water, entering Yanqing. Two camps: Dushi Left and Dushi Right. Seven passes: Zhenning, Songshu, Maying, Junzi, Zhen'an five forts, Longmen post, and Dishuiya. In the Shunzhi period the brigade general was changed to a garrison commander at Dishuiya. In the Yongzheng period changed to a regional command. Eleven market towns: Xinzhoulou, Yunzhou Fort, and nine passes including Beizha, Dongzha, Xizha, Panshan, Tangzi, Qingpingzhenling, Siwang, Zhuandun, and Yeji. Two courier stations: Yunzhou and Chicheng. Wanquan: strategic, populous, difficult. Seventy-five li northwest of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, Wanquan Right Guard. Formerly the Western Route; changed in the thirty-second year of Kangxi. To the northwest are Wild Fox Ridge and Qianma Ridge—now corrupted as Ximalin. To the west is the Yang River entering from Huai'an, on the left receiving Suncai Ditch, West Sha River, Xin River, and East Sha River, again entering. To the west is the Aiyang River. To the east is the Qingshui River entering from Zhangjiakou, joining Choutan and Huangtuliang waters, south into Xuanhua. Two camps: Wanquan and Zhangjiakou. There is an assistant regional commander. In the seventh year of Guangxu moved to Duolun subprefecture; only the regional command remains stationed. Five passes: Zhenkoutai, Shenweitai, Ximalin, Xinhe, and Shanfang Fort. There are five military stations. Longmen: light tax burden. One hundred li northeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, Longmen Guard. Formerly the Lower North Route. Changed in the thirty-second year of Kangxi. Also Ge'yu, Zhaochuan, Diaoe, and Chang'anling four forts were merged in. To the west is Longmen Mountain; the Longmen River issues from its north foothill, passes south of the city and east, on the left receiving waters west of Jianziling and south of Haomenling, entering Chicheng. To the west is the Little Qingshui River, dividing from Zhangjiakou to enter and join, called Liuhechuan. Also the Ni River merges into Xuanhua. One camp: Longmen Road. Two passes: Ge'yu Fort and Zhaochuan Fort. Eight market towns: Anbian, Jinglou, Dunzhen, Chongtai, Panshan, Yitai six passes, Changyuzhen, and Diaoe Fort. Chang'anling Fort also has a courier station; in Yongzhi a regional command was placed on the ridge, later abolished. There are two military stations. Huailai: strategic, populous. One hundred and fifty li southeast of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, Huailai Guard. Formerly the Eastern Route. Changed in the thirty-second year of Kangxi. Also Bao'an Guard and Tumu and Yulin forts were merged in. To the south is Jundu Mountain. To the west is the Sanggan River entering from Xuanhua, again wrongly emerging and re-entering, joining the Yang River—the northern branch. Turning southeast, on the right receiving Fanshan water, on the left the You River; reaching Hehekou it meets the Gui River—the eastern branch. Further south it enters Wanping as the Lugou River. Two market towns: Bao'an city—in Yongzhi changed from brigade general to regional command; Fanshan Fort, with garrison commander stationed. There is the Shacheng Fort patrol commissioner. Two courier stations: Tumu and Yulin. Four military stations. Yu Department: strategic, tax-exhausted, difficult. Two hundred and forty li southwest of the prefectural seat. In the sixth year of Yongzhi transferred from Datong in Shanxi to this jurisdiction. There was a guard. Changed in the thirty-second year of Kangxi. Abolished and merged in the twenty-second year of Qianlong. To the southeast is Jitou Mountain, also called Mojishan. To the west is the Huliu River entering from Guangling in Shanxi, again wrongly emerging and re-entering. On left and right it receives the Dry Sha River with nine bends, north joining the Ding'an, Huizi, and Fusang Spring waters, entering Xining. Three market towns. Heishi Ridge is Feihu Ji; there is a Shendao Ditch patrol commissioner—abolished in Kangxi, handled by the registrar. Also Chakou and Taohuabao—three relay posts. Xining: light tax burden. Two hundred li southwest of the prefectural seat. In the thirty-second year of Kangxi established from the Ming Shunsheng East and West cities. To the southeast are Yulin Mountain and Yueshen Mountain. To the west is the Sanggan River, the ancient Shi water, entering from Tianzhen in Shanxi. There is the Xiaozhuang Ditch, diverted in the tenth year of Qianlong. Further east, on the left receiving the Hugou River, joining the Wuli, branch, and West Sha rivers, reaching Xiaohekou to meet the Huliu River. There is Shunshengchuan Market Town. East City and West City—two relay posts. Huai'an: strategic, populous. One hundred and twenty li west and slightly south of the prefectural seat. Under the Ming, Huai'an Guard. Changed in the thirty-second year of Kangxi. Also abolished Wanquan Left Guard and its Chaigou Fort and Xiyanghe Fort, merging them in. To the northwest is Hua Mountain. To the south is Tuotai Valley. The Shuigoukou River enters from Tianzhen in Shanxi, joins Gu water, and from Hongtang Ditch flows northeast into the Yang River. The East Yang River enters from Zhangjiakou, meeting the West Yang and South Yang rivers, called the Yang River, also called the Swallow-Tail River, wrongly emerging and re-entering, joining the Shuigoukou River. One camp: Chaigou Fort, with patrol commissioner stationed. Two passes: East Yang River and West Yang River. Four market towns: Zuowei City, Xiyanghe Fort, Shuiguantai, and Zhenkoutai. Two courier stations: Huai'an and Wanquan. Four military stations. Yanqing Department: strategic, difficult. Two hundred li east and slightly south of the prefectural seat. Formerly subordinate to Xuanfu garrison as the Eastern Route. At the end of Shunzhi Yongning County was abolished and merged into the guard. Changed in the thirty-second year of Kangxi. In the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong also abolished Yanqing Guard and its five-thousand-household post, merging them in. To the north is Banquan Mountain. To the northeast is Dushan. To the south is Badaling. To the north the Bai River enters from Chicheng, again entering Dushi. The Gui River issues northeast of the department, goes underground and re-emerges as Huanglong Pool, joins Longwan water, encircles the city, joins the Gu, Cai, and Black Dragon rivers, and enters Huailai. Five market towns: Shixia Valley, Yingpankou, Xiaoshuikou, Zhen'an Fort, and Qianjiadian. Four passes: Zhousigou Fort, Sihaizhu Fort, Liugou City, and Badaling. To the east is the Yongning City patrol commissioner. Juyong courier station. One military station. Bao'an Department: light tax burden. Sixty li southeast of the prefectural seat. Formerly subordinate to Xuanfu garrison as the Eastern Route. Changed in the thirty-second year of Kangxi. To the south are Zhuolu Mountain and Qiaoshan. To the southwest are Fu Mountain and Li Mountain. To the southeast is Gengjie Mountain. There is a spring deep and without outflow—the ancient Ban Spring. To the west the Sanggan River wrongly enters from Xuanhua, again wrongly enters Huailai, diverted into five canals. There is Mashuikou Market Town. There is a relay post. Weichang Subprefecture: strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Thirty-two li northwest; the chief and deputy superintendents are stationed. Originally lands of the eastern two leagues of Josotu and Juu Uda in Inner Mongolia. In the Kangxi period advanced as the hunting preserve called Mulan—in the national language, "deer stalking." The subprefecture was established in the second year of Guangxu. In the thirtieth year transferred from Chengde, also including northwestern Chifeng and northeastern Fengning borders. Amid the tribes of Inner Mongolia, thirteen hundred li round, three hundred li wide and two hundred long, with odd measures. The four boundaries are marked as the Willow Palisade. Two roads, both entering from Boluohetun. East Yankou, also called Shipianzi; west Jierhalangtu. By old regulation the autumn hunt in the eighth month: entering east then exiting west, entering west then exiting east—yearly as the rule. Sixty-nine hunting grounds in all; the Eight Banners divide guard duty within, each banner one camp and five karun posts. The Bordered Yellow Banner camp is at Qibuchu Gao, in the north-east; its karun are Saikandabahan Sechin, Aru Sele, Aru Hurusu Tai, Yingge, and Baixingtu. The Plain White Banner camp is at Nalinxi'erha, in the east-south; its karun are Balun Kundey, Wulatai, Xilanuohai, Nuolinxi'erha, and Ge'erqilao. The Bordered White Banner camp is at Shibaertai, between east and west of the south; its karun are Gahaitu, Zhuosuo, Shibaertai, Manitu, and Bodedoke. The Plain Blue Banner camp is at Shipianzi, in the south-east; its karun are Mulei Kharachin, Guduguer, Chahan Zak, Hantemu'er, and Nalasutu Zhaba. The Plain Yellow Banner camp is at Xilazhaba, in the north-west; its karun are Ku'ertu Tuoluo Hai, Nalasutu Heshuo, Shaledang, Xilazhaba, and Xilazhaba Sechin. The Plain Red Banner camp is at Kouken Tuoluo Hai, in the west-north; its karun are Chahan Bu'erge Sutai, Arsolang Ebo, Manitu Bulak, Qihula Tai, and Buhahun'er. The Bordered Red Banner north camp is at Sumugou, in the west-south; its karun are Hailasutai, Jiangjiaying, West Yanziwo, Guobai, and Heluo Bo'erqi. The Bordered Blue Banner camp is at Hailasutai, in the south-west; its karun are Zhu'ergadai, Suke Sutai, Buke, East Yanziwo, and Zhuosuogou. There is the Xitu patrol inspector. One subprefecture courier station. Koubei Three Subprefectures: (subordinate to the Koubei Circuit. Directly north of Xuanhua Prefecture, north of Zhangjiakou and Dushikou. In the late Ming, pasturelands of the Tartar tribes. ) In the fourteenth year of Kangxi the Chahar department of Yizhou was moved outside the Xuan-Da border; farmland inside the dam, pastures outside—established at the beginning of Shunzhi; six at Zhang and Du, one being Fengtian Zhangwutai. And the eastern four banners and western half-banner of Chahar. In the Yongzheng period three subprefectures with civil-law intendant were successively established. In the seventh year of Guangxu all were changed to subprefects governing the people. Six hundred li wide and six hundred and fifty li long. Zhangjiakou Subprefecture: (important. At the beginning of the Ming, Xinghe defense battalion. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was Zhangjiakou Route, subordinate to Xuanfu garrison. Sixty li northwest. In the Kangxi period a county assistant magistrate was placed. ) In the second year of Yongzheng changed to a civil-law subprefecture. Governing crown lands and the bordered yellow banner of Chahar eastern wing and plain yellow half-banner of the western wing, and banner people of Yu and Bao'an departments and Xuanhua, Wanquan, Huai'an, and Xining counties within the passes. Changed to govern the people in the seventh year of Guangxu, restored. Seven hundred and fifty li southeast of the provincial seat. North polar altitude forty degrees fifty minutes forty seconds. The capital lies one degree thirty-five minutes west of it. To the north are East Mountain, Gaoshan, and Great and Small Wuya mountains. The East Yang River has two sources, dividing to enter from Fengzhen subprefecture in Shanxi and joining; on the left receiving the Sulu Ji water. The Qingshui River issues from the northeast of the subprefecture, joins Maoling Ditch, Taizi River, and Yimatou River, called the Main Ditch, joins the Great West Ditch, Great East and Xin rivers and East-West Sha rivers, and merges into Wanquan. To its east the Little Qingshui River divides to enter Longmen. To the northwest is the Anguli Marsh. Also at Nuomohunboluo Mountain are pasturelands of the four plain-yellow banners; at Chaxi'ertu Chahan land is the Ministry of Rites pasture—both Ming Tiancheng Guard borderlands. At the Qiqiha'er River is the Taipusi Temple right-wing pasture, a hundred and fifty li wide—Ming Datong borderland. Northeast at Kalanidunjing is the Taipusi Temple left-wing pasture—Ming Xuanfu borderland. North controlling Guoluo'ebo Ridge are bordered-yellow banner pastures—the Ming abolished Xinghe battalion. From the tenth year of Yongzhi the subprefecture was the Kyakhta treaty route with Russia. In the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu five million square chi of land were set aside as a concession. Three market towns: Xinghe City, Taipingzhuang, and Uliassutai. There is a station. Dushikou Subprefecture: (important. At the beginning of the Ming it was Kaiping Guard. At the beginning of Shunzhi it was the Upper North Route, subordinate to Xuanfu garrison. Two hundred and fifty li northeast. In the Kangxi period a county assistant magistrate was placed at Dushikou, merging the guard into Chicheng. ) In the twelfth year of Yongzheng a civil-law subprefecture was established. Governing crown lands and the eastern-wing plain blue, bordered white, plain white, and bordered yellow banners of Chahar, and banner people of Yanqing department and Chicheng, Longmen, and Huailai counties within the passes. Changed to govern the people in the seventh year of Guangxu. The deputy regional commander and defense commandant. Are stationed. Seven hundred and ninety li south of the provincial seat. North polar altitude forty degrees fifty-four minutes forty seconds. The capital lies forty minutes west of it. To the southeast are Great and Small Shimen mountains and Taibao Mountain. The Bai River, ancient Gu water—the main source Ditou River issues from Gouya Mountain northwest of the subprefecture, joins east and west Zhashui mouths, meets the separate-source Dushi Spring, and south enters Chicheng. Again entering from Yanqing department, with the Hei River merging into Luanping; downstream joining the Chao and Yu rivers as the Northern Canal. The Shangdu River, ancient Ru water, issues from Bayan Tuntu Gu'er Mountain northeast of the subprefecture, joins three channels, northwest enters Duolun subprefecture; downstream is the Luan River, reaching Leting to enter the sea—a course of more than two thousand one hundred li. There are Jinlianchuan and Yikele Marsh. To the northeast is Boluo city, which has the imperial stud farm subordinate to the Shangsi Court. Four market towns: Dingzhuangwan, Heihechuan, Dongmaozhen, and Qianjiadian. There is a station. Duolun Subprefecture: (important. Under the Ming, Kaiping Guard territory. At the beginning of Shunzhi the Shangdu pasture was established, subordinate to Xuanfu garrison. Five hundred and fifty li northeast. ) In the thirtieth year of Kangxi the Khalkha were broken by the Zunghar rebels and the imperial carriage halted here to receive their surrender. In the tenth year of Yongzheng a civil-law subprefecture was established. Governing the eastern-wing plain blue, bordered white, plain yellow, and bordered yellow banners of Chahar, and Inner Mongolian banners and Khalkha banner people. Changed to govern the people in the seventh year of Guangxu. One thousand one hundred li southwest of the provincial seat. North polar altitude forty-two degrees twenty-eight minutes twenty seconds. The capital lies six minutes west of it. To the southwest is Camel Mountain. To the north the Xilamuleng River enters from the Keshiketeng banner of Inner Mongolia, joining the Biqike, Biluo, and Baicha rivers, and flows north into the Balin banner. To the southeast the Shangdu River enters from Dushikou, joining the Shiding, Keyibeng, E'ertong, Yizha'er, and Shibaertai rivers. Seven Stars Pool north of the Shangdu pasture, also called Duolun Marsh—the subprefecture takes its name from it. In Mongolian still water is called "bo"; large ones "nuo'er," and lesser ones "emo," "kule," and "ke'erkun" by rank. North of the subprefecture are more than ten marshes such as Buzhu and Boshuodai. To the northwest there are also alkaline pools. Xinghua Market Town lies south of Lama Temple; the Zhangjiakou deputy commander is stationed. There is the Baicha office. Also four garrison posts: Xingsheng Market Town, Erdao Spring, Shandian River, and Tuchengzi. One subprefecture courier station. Yongping Prefecture: (important. Subordinate to the Tongyong Circuit. Under the Ming it governed one department and five counties. In the early Qianlong period Shanhai Guard was abolished and Linyu established. Earlier, in the early Yongzheng period, Yutian and Fengrun of Shuntian were placed under this jurisdiction. ) In the eighth year of Qianlong it was again transferred to Zunhua. Eight hundred and thirty li west of the provincial seat. Three hundred and thirty li wide and three hundred and eighty li long. North polar altitude thirty-nine degrees fifty-five minutes thirty seconds. The capital lies two degrees twenty-eight minutes thirty seconds east of it. It governs one department and six counties. Lulong: strategic, populous, difficult. Adjacent to the capital. To the southeast is Yang Mountain. To the southwest is Guzhu Mountain. The Luan River enters from Qian'an, joining the Qinglong River. To the east is the Yinma River. To the northeast is the Yan River. One camp: Yanhe Road. Two market towns: Yanhezhuang and Yiqimiao. Luanhe courier station. Railway. Qian'an: populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Forty li northwest of the prefectural seat. To the northwest are Nine Mountains—in the Kangxi period renamed Five Tiger Mountain. The Luan River enters from Chengde Prefecture, joining the Huanghuachuan and Pu rivers; further south, on the left receiving Tiemenguan water, entering Panjiakou—the ancient Lulong Pass. On the right receiving the Sa River, it bends east past west of the city. The Qi River enters from Jianchang, joining the Baiyang and Lengkou rivers, becoming the Qinglong River. Juliang water issues from Huang Mountain in the northwest, also called the Huanxiang River. Also the Sha, Shi, Guan, Xuliuying, and Quanzhuang military farms. Two camps: Xifeng Road and Jianchang Road. Eight garrison posts: Longjing Pass, Panjiakou, Lijiayu, Qingshankou, Yumuling, Cayazi, Lengkou Pass, and Taolinkou. Three patrol commissioners: Santunying, Shahe Fort, and Xifengkou. In the Daoguang period the Santun deputy commander was moved to Dagu. Three market towns: Taipingzhai, Han'erya, and Shahe. Two courier stations: Qijialing and Luanyang. Funing: strategic, difficult. Seventy li east of the prefectural seat. The sea lies fifty li to the southeast. Three sources of the Dai Family River join south of Yuguan, becoming the Yu River, joining the Shizi River along the border. Also two sources of the Xiyang River receive the Yanzi River. The Qiangou River rises east of the river and enters from Linyu. The Sha River enters from the west at Qian'an and joins as the Hui River. Two garrison posts: Jielingkou and Taitouying. Three market towns: Puheying, Yanghekou, and Shenhe Fort. Two courier stations: Lufengkou and Yuguan. Changli: populous, difficult. Seventy li southeast of the prefectural seat. To the north is Jieshi Mountain. The sea lies thirty-odd li to the southeast, projecting north for seven li, also called Qili Sea. The Luan River enters from Luanzhou; a branch channel issues to the left and enters as Tianshuigoukou. The Yinma River enters from Lulong and becomes the Sha River. Four market towns: Jianggezhuang, Puhekou, Shayakou, and Habo Fort. Railway. Luanzhou: difficult. Forty-five li southwest of the prefectural seat. The sea lies a hundred and thirty li to the south. There is Liujiahekou, where the Qing River and Yi River enter along the border. West of Cansha Pass the Xiaoqing River enters. The Luan River enters from Lulong. The Sha River enters from Qian'an. The Guan River also enters from its county, called the Dou River, also called the Jianniu River, joining the Shiliu River. The department judge is stationed at Huggezhuang. Three market towns: Liuhekou, Daodi, and Kaiping. Zhenzi Market Town has the patrol commissioner stationed. Railway. Leting: light tax burden. One hundred and twenty li south and slightly east of the prefectural seat. The sea lies forty-five li to the south. The Luan River enters from Changli and divides into two: east is the Hulu River, reaching Laomigou; west is called the Dingliu, reaching Qinghekou to enter the Luan. Within fifty li of the sea entrance the water is jade-green, also called the Green Ocean Ditch. The total course is two thousand one hundred li. The Shibei salt field lies to the southwest. Two market towns: Xiguanli and Matouying. Linyu: strategic, populous, difficult. One hundred and seventy li northeast of the prefectural seat. The Fengtian Fengjin Circuit is attached here. In the second year of Qianlong the Ming Shanhai Guard was replaced by Shanhaiguan. Today the east gate is the ancient Yuguan. In the Shunzhi period a deputy commander was placed, later changed to a brigade commander. At the end of Daoguang it exchanged posts with the Yongping deputy commander. To the north is Jiaoshan, with the Long Wall resting on it. The Shi River, ancient Yu water, gives the county its name, corrupted as "Yu." It joins the Yazi River, and the Shuaifu River enters. The old channel is west of the traveling palace. To its west is the Tanghekou. The Daqing River issues from the northeast and enters Ningyuan in Fengtian. The Qiangou River and Qi River both issue from the northwest. Four garrison posts: Yiyuankou, Damaoshankou, Ninghaicheng, and Huangtuling. East of Xiaohekou is called the Willow Palisade. Two gates: Mingshuitang and Baishizui. Three market towns: Haiyang, Qiangou, and Baitaling. To the west is the Yanghua salt field. Shimenzhai patrol commissioner. Qian'an courier station. Railway. Zunhua Directly Governed Department: (strategic, populous, difficult. Subordinate to the Tongyong Circuit. Under the Ming it was a county subordinate to Jizhou. ) In the fifteenth year of Kangxi, because of the secluded imperial tombs, it was promoted to a department and transferred to Shuntian. In the eighth year of Qianlong, following the Yizhou precedent it was promoted to a directly governed department, cutting two counties from Yongping to place under it. Six hundred and thirty li southwest of the provincial seat. One hundred and sixty li wide and three hundred and seventy li long. North polar altitude forty degrees thirteen minutes. The capital lies one degree thirty-two minutes thirty seconds east of it. It governs two counties. Changrui Mountain, seventy li northwest, was originally Fengtailing, renamed Fengtai Mountain, renamed again at the beginning of Kangxi; the Eastern Tombs are there. Also to the northwest is Wuling Mountain, where the Lin, Liu, and Sa transverse four rivers issue. The transverse is the right source of the Sa, joining east into Qian'an to meet the left-source Hei River. The Li River, ancient Geng water, issues from northeast Luerling, enters from Qian'an, also called the Guo River, joining the Sha River. Also are the Shuangnv River and Chedaoyu water. At Malan Valley and Hongshankou the regional commander is stationed; Together with Nianyukou, Da'ankou, and Luowen Valley they are five market towns. Shimen Market Town; the department judge is stationed. Also four market towns: Dawaxun, Woshaozi, Zhaidaozi, and Laochang. To the west is Banbishan. Two patrol commissioners: stationed at the department and at Shimen. There is an assistant magistrate. Yutian: strategic, populous, difficult. Ninety-five li southwest of the department. In the second year of Yongzheng transferred from Shuntian to this jurisdiction. Placed under this jurisdiction in the eighth year of Qianlong. Yanshan lies twenty-five li to the northwest. To the north the Li River enters from the department, called the Zhangsi River; entering Ji it is called the Gu River, again along the border called the Ji Canal. The Xiaoquan River issues from the northeast; at the end of Jiaqing a traveling palace was built on it, renamed Yinghui River, joining the Lan Spring and Luoshan waters. The Huanxiang River enters from Fengrun, joins the Shaliu River, passes Yahong Bridge, joins the Heilong River, and further west comes to meet. The Shuangcheng River issues from Huangjia Mountain north of the county and also comes south to meet. At Yahong Bridge the river registrar is stationed. In the twelfth year of Jiaqing changed from river registrar. There is the Yangfan courier station. Railway. Fengrun: strategic, populous, difficult. One hundred li southeast of the department. Transferred to the same jurisdiction as Yutian. The sea lies two hundred li to the south. The Dou River enters from Luan, wrongly emerges and re-enters, joins the Bei River, divides and rejoins, and enters as the Jianhekou. The eastern branch Jintuo Marsh has a branch channel southwest joining the Wang Family River. The Ji Canal runs along the border from Yutian. The Huanxiang River enters from Qian'an, receiving the Shuangnv River and Chedaoyu water. In the Tongzhi period it burst south to Heimadian; then there was the Heilong River, joining the Ni River, both pouring into the Ji Canal. The Shaliu River issues from the northwest. Southwest of Fengtai Market Town are the river registrar and patrol commissioner. Yuezhi Field, a hundred li south, has the commissioner stationed; now moved to Songjiaying. Three market towns: Xiaoji, Bijiaquan, and Kaipingying. Also the Yifeng courier station. Railway. Yizhou Directly Governed Department: (populous, difficult. Subordinate to the Qing River Circuit. Under the Ming it belonged to Baoding and governed one county. ) In the eleventh year of Yongzheng it was promoted to a directly governed department. Guangchang was cut from Datong in Shanxi to be placed under this jurisdiction. One hundred and forty li south of the provincial seat. Two hundred and sixty li wide and two hundred and twenty li long. North polar altitude thirty-nine degrees twenty-three minutes. The capital lies one degree fifty minutes thirty seconds west of it. It governs two counties. To the west are two traveling palaces: one at Lianggezhuang; one at Taining Market Town, where the regional commander is stationed. There is Yongning Mountain; the Western Tombs are there. To the north the Yi Ru River issues from Yijin Ridge west of the department, joins the An and Wuli rivers; to its northeast is the Yingzi River. The middle Yi and Baijian rivers issue from Wufeng Ridge in the northwest; the south Yi and Bao rivers issue from Shihugang in the southwest; to its south are the Xu, Jian, and Border rivers. The Juma River enters from Guangchang, wrongly emerges and re-enters, joining more than ten lesser waters, and enters the border. Eighteen passes; Feihu is the most perilous. There are two abolished patrol commissioners at Tayai and Qifeng. Two market towns: Wulonggou and Zijing Pass. In the Kangxi period the deputy commander at Zhending was moved and a brigade general was placed, governing five camps: Baishikou, Guangchangying, Futuyu, Wulonggou, and Ningjing'an. Two courier stations: Qingyuan and Shangchen. There is an assistant magistrate, also serving as patrol commissioner. Also a department judge is stationed. Railway. Laishui: strategic, populous. Forty li northeast of the department. To the northwest is Tan Mountain. The Juma River enters from the department; a branch issues to the right joining Tieling water, again running along the northeast border to rejoin. A branch issues to the left, re-enters, and joins the Qingshui River. To the southwest the north Yi also enters from the department, joins the Yingzi River, and further east joins the Qiulan River. Seven passes. Two market towns: Dalongmen and Mashuikou. Formerly called the right bulwark of the capital; there is a regional command governing garrisons at Dalongkou, Jinshui Pass, and others. Two market towns: Shuidongying and Qiulan garrison. Huangzhuang Market Town patrol commissioner. Two courier stations: Zaicheng and Shiting. Railway. Guangchang: light tax burden. Eighty li west of the department. In the eleventh year of Yongzheng transferred from Datong in Shanxi to this jurisdiction. West of the city is the Lai River, corrupted as "Qi," also borrowed as "Seven"; the western source of the Juma issues there. It meets the eastern source, wrongly emerges and re-enters. The Tang River enters from Lingqiu in Shanxi. Eight passes. Eight market towns. Futuyu is the ancient Yinfang Road, the most perilous; Chajianling Pass, Baishikou, Huheling Pass, Huangtuling Pass, and Heishi Market Town at the ancient Feihu Pass. One county courier station. Railway. Jizhou Directly Governed Department: (populous, tax-exhausted. Subordinate to the Qing River Circuit. Under the Ming it belonged to Zhending. It governed four counties. ) In the second year of Yongzheng it was promoted to a directly governed department. Hengshui of Zhending was cut to be placed under this jurisdiction. Three hundred li north of the provincial seat. One hundred and sixty li wide and two hundred and fifty li long. North polar altitude thirty-seven degrees thirty-eight minutes fifty seconds. The capital lies forty-seven minutes thirty seconds west of it. It governs five counties. (The Hutuo and Fuyang rivers formerly from Shulu met west of the county and entered Hengshui. In the early Yongzheng period the Hutuo shifted north, separated from the Fu, and burst across; later it finally joined the Fu on its proper course. To the north is the dry Juzhong channel. One department courier station. ) Nangong: (light tax burden. Sixty li southwest of the department. Three Zhang River old channels: the middle Juzhong channel, southeast ancient Zhang, northwest new Zhang. Now it has again shifted south and the district is free of water calamity. One county courier station. ) Zaoqiang: (populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Thirty li southeast of the department. To the east the ancient Zhang River, also called the Huanglu River, enters from Nangong. To the west is the Suolu River. A Wei branch channel enters from the department. All are dry. ) Xinhe: (light tax burden. Sixty li west and slightly south of the department. To the west is the Fuyang River, entering again from Ningjin. There is the Hulu Bay, the old junction with the Zhang River. One county courier station. ) Wuyi: (tax-exhausted, difficult. Ninety li northeast of the department. To the west the Fuyang River enters from Hengshui. Also the abandoned Longzhi River and old Zhang River. There is a water courier station. ) Hengshui: (light tax burden. Ninety li northeast of the department. The Zhang River flows across; anciently also called the Heng River. The Sui named the county after it. Later it became the new Zhang River, shifting south in the Qianlong period. Its Hutuo now shifts north. Only the Fuyang River enters from the department. The ancient salt river is obliterated. One county courier station. Zhao Directly Governed Department: (strategic, populous. Subordinate to the Qing River Circuit. Under the Ming it belonged to Zhending. It governed six counties. ) In the second year of Yongzheng it was promoted to a directly governed department. (Zanhuang was transferred to Zhending. ) Three hundred and ninety li northeast of the provincial seat. Two hundred li wide and a hundred and forty li long. North polar altitude thirty-seven degrees forty-eight minutes thirty seconds. The capital lies one degree thirty-three minutes thirty seconds west of it. It governs five counties. (To the northwest the Jiao River enters from Luancheng, receiving the Zhulong, Ye, and Xintao rivers. The Huai River enters from Gaoyi; the Mianman having joined the Gantao and Ye rivers, the Jiao follows its old course—thus this is that Jiao. The lower course of the Taibai channel was also seized by the Ye River. There is a Hutuo old channel, silted at the beginning of Xianfeng. Haocheng courier station. ) Baixiang: (strategic, populous. Sixty li south of the department. The Wu River enters from Lincheng. The Ji River and its branch channels both enter from Gaoyi. The Ji receives the Xingou River. There is the Huaishui courier station. ) Longping: (light tax burden. Ninety li south of the department. To the east is the Fuyang River. The Feng River enters from Ren. The Feng has nine sluices, built in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods. To the north the Zhi River enters from Tangshan, joining the Xingou water. The Ji River enters from Baixiang, joining branch channels and the Wu River, called the Huai-Wu River. There is a courier station. ) Gaoyi: (light tax burden. Fifty li southwest of the department. To the north the Huai River enters from Yuanyi. To the south is the Xingou River. The Ji River enters from Zanhuang. One county courier station. Railway. ) Ningjin: (light tax burden. Forty li southeast of the department. The Fuyang River enters from Longping. There is the Ningjin Marsh, more than a hundred li round, gathering the Feng, Zhi, and Wu waters and the department's Jiao and Huai rivers; they meet at Shizi River, wrongly emerging and re-entering. The district was formerly a marsh country; at the end of Kangxi the Zhang shifted south, in the early Yongzheng the Hutuo shifted east, and Prince Yixian dredged the various outlets, built dikes and set sluice gates to control inward and outward flow, and the accumulated floodwaters were finally drained. In the Guangxu period the Hutuo again silted up and half became dry land. There is the abolished Baichikou patrol commissioner. One county courier station. Shen Directly Governed Department: (light tax burden. Subordinate to the Qing River Circuit. Under the Ming it belonged to Zhending. It governed one county. ) Promoted in the second year of Yongzheng; Wuqiang and Raoyang of Zhending were placed under it. Hengshui was returned to Zhending. Two hundred and eighty li north of the provincial seat. One hundred and forty li wide and one hundred and sixty li long. North polar altitude thirty-eight degrees three minutes forty seconds. The capital lies forty-seven minutes west of it. It governs three counties. (The department territory has long suffered from the Zhang and Hutuo rivers. The rivers shifted away in turn; the Fu and Zi also do not run wildly. Only the Hutuo in the nineteenth year of Qianlong burst in as a branch from Shulu; in the seventh year of Tongzhi it shifted north again, entering from Anping, and all old channels are silted. There is a courier station. ) Wuqiang: (light tax burden. Fifty li east of the prefectural seat. To the south is Wuqiang Mountain, with a deep pool below. The Fuyang River enters from Wuyi; north of Xiaofan Market Town it seizes the Hutuo old channel. In the early Daoguang period the Fu and Hutuo overflowed together. There are the abandoned Tingzi and Longye rivers. There is a courier station. ) Raoyang: (tax-exhausted, populous, difficult. Sixty li northeast of the department. In the early Qianlong period Magistrate Hou Mai dredged seven new ditches because of the Hutuo. In the Tongzhi period Tang Shilu again dredged three main channels and eight branch canals, all pouring into the ancient Yang River of Xian. The next year it burst again at Anping. Magistrate Wu Enqing built dikes from Guocun to Qinwangzhuang, and the Hutuo and Zi finally separated. Now the middle and southern branches of the Hutuo enter from the department, while the ancient Tang River enters from Li—half silted. There is a courier station. Anping: (strategic, populous, tax-exhausted, difficult. Subordinate to the Qing River Circuit. Under the Ming it governed two counties. ) Promoted in the second year of Yongzheng. In the twelfth year, Shenze was taken from Qizhou of Baoding to be placed under this jurisdiction. Xinle was returned to Zhending. One hundred and fifty li northeast of the provincial seat. One hundred and forty li wide and two hundred li long. North polar altitude thirty-eight degrees thirty-two minutes thirty seconds. The capital lies one degree twenty-one minutes west of it. It governs two counties. Zhongshan: (within the city; a bell and drum tower is set up today. To the north the Tang River enters from Tang County—it first became a calamity. In the Qianlong period it seized the Xiaoqing River to the south. In the Jiaqing period it again seized the Xiaoqing River to the north as the present channel. To the south is the Jia River entering from Quyang. The Sha River enters from Xinle into the Zi River. In the tenth year of Tongzhi it shifted south, wrongly emerging and re-entering to join the Zi River, running along the border from Shenze. The Tang and Sha old channels and the Mudao Ditch are all dry. There is the Yongding courier station. Railway. ) Quyang: (light tax burden. Sixty li northwest of the department. To the northwest is Heng Mountain, the ancient Northern Sacred Peak. At the end of Shunzhi worship was moved to Hunyuan in Shanxi. The Heng River issues from its north valley, joining the Sanhui River. The Tang River receives the Mani River north of the county and wrongly enters. To the northwest the Sha River enters from Fuping, joins the Pingyang River, and on the left receives the Yuanjue Spring and other waters. The Changxing Ditch issues from Kong Mountain in the northwest, skirts the city southeast, joins the Quni Stream and Ling River, and from this is called the Mengliang River. One county courier station. ) Shenze County: (light tax burden. It lies ninety li southeast of the department. In the twelfth year of the Yongzheng reign it was transferred from Qizhou and placed under this jurisdiction. Both the Hutuo and Zi rivers enter from Wuji. The Hutuo splits into three channels; the northern branch is the main current. The Zi once took in the branch Mudao Ditch, which is now dry. Early in the Qianlong reign it broke through at Zhaobazhuang and was quickly blocked again. The Guandao Ditch was excavated anew to lead the west-city runoff eastward into Anping. One county courier station.