1
志五十六
Treatise 56
2
地理二十八
Geography 28
3
察哈爾
Chahar
4
察哈爾八旗：東南距京師四百三十里。 當直隸宣化、山西大同邊外。 明插漢，本元裔小王子後。 嘉靖間，布希駐牧察哈爾之地，因以名部。 天聰六年，征林丹汗，走死。 其子孔果爾額哲來降，即其部編旗，駐義州。 康熙十四年，其子布爾呢兄弟叛，討誅之，遷部眾駐牧宣化、大同邊外。 又以來降之喀爾喀、厄魯特編為佐領隸焉。 乾隆二十六年，設都統，駐張家口。 其地東界克什克騰，西界歸化城土默特，南界直隸獨石、張家二口及山西大同、朔平，北界蘇尼特及四子部落。 袤延千里。 北極高四十二度二十分。 京師偏西十分。 鑲黃旗察哈爾駐蘇明峰，在張家口北三百四十里。 東南距京師七百五十里。 明，萬全右衛邊外。 漢，上谷郡。 牧地當張家口之北。 東界正白旗察哈爾，西界正黃旗察哈爾，南界鑲黃旗牧廠，北界蘇尼特右翼，廣一百六十里，袤一百九十里。 其山：東曰漠爾圖山。 南，哈石郎山。 北，青羊山蒙名博羅虎插、紅羊山蒙名烏蘭虎插。 東南，阿哈魯虎山、駱駝山。 西南，額類山。 東北，白鹿山蒙名布虎圖。 西北，衣爾哈圖山。 東南：大紅泉蒙名伊克烏蘭。 西南：滾布拉克泉。 北：小紅泉。 正黃旗察哈爾駐木孫忒克山，在張家口西北三百二十里。 東南距京師七百六十里。 漢，且如縣地。 牧地當張家口廳之西北，喀喇烏納根山南。 東界鑲黃旗察哈爾，西界正紅旗察哈爾，南界陸軍部右翼牧廠，北界四子部落。 廣一百一十里，袤二百八十里。 其山：東曰額爾吉納克山。 南，烏爾虎拖羅海山。 北，大鮮卑山蒙名伊克阿勒特、興安山。 西南，插漢和邵山。 東北，榆樹山蒙名烏里雅蘇台。 西：七金河，蒙名賀爾博金，源出賀爾博金山，南流入希爾池。 東南：兆哈河，源出平地，南流，會烏爾古河。 又南，蒙古幾河自西來注之。 又南，蘇爾扎河自東北來注之。 又南流，從大同天鎮入邊，逕柴溝堡，西北入懷安，為東洋河。 蒙古幾河源出平地，東流會兆哈河，南入邊城，弩里河南流從之。 鑲紅旗察哈爾駐布林泉，在張家口西北四百二十里。 東南距京師八百三十里。 漢，雁門郡北境。 牧地當山西陶林廳之東北代哈泊。 東界正紅旗察哈爾，西界鑲藍旗察哈爾，南界豐鎮，北界四子部落。 廣五十里，袤二百里。 其山南曰鴨兒山。 北，阿爾達布色山。 東南，格爾白山。 西南，烏爾姑蘇台山。 北：漠惠圖河，源出敖托海泉，西流入鑲藍旗察哈爾，會安達河。 東南：莽喀圖河，源出正紅旗察哈爾，西北流，會阿拉齊河，入黛哈池，即奄遏下水海。 正紅旗察哈爾駐古爾板拖羅海山，在張家口西北三百七十里。 東南距京師八百里。 漢，雁門郡北境。 牧地當山西陶林廳之東北、豐鎮廳之北，奇爾泊。 東界正黃旗察哈爾，西界鑲紅旗察哈爾，南界陸軍部右翼牧廠，北界四子部落。 廣五十五里，袤二百八十里。 其山：東曰阿拍撻蘭台山。 北，伊克和洛圖山。 東北，哈撤克圖山。 西北，插漢峰。 南：昆都倫泉、葫蘆蘇台泉。 北：諾爾孫泉，東南流入正黃旗察哈爾，為納林河，又東南注希爾池。 鑲白旗察哈爾駐布雅阿海蘇默，在獨石口西北二百四十五里。 東南距京師七百七十里。 明，開平衛西北邊。 漢，上谷郡北境。 牧地當獨石口廳治西北。 東及南界陸軍部牧廠，西界正白旗察哈爾，北界正藍旗察哈爾。 廣五十六里，袤一百九十七里。 其山：南曰巴漢得兒山。 西北，鐵柱山蒙名阿爾坦噶達蘇。 其北，西爾哈池。 西北：紅鹽池蒙名烏蘭池、魁素池。 正白旗察哈爾駐布爾噶台，在獨石口西北二百九十里。 東南距京師八百二十里。 明，龍門衛邊外。 漢，上谷郡北境。 牧地當獨石口廳治之西北。 東及北界鑲白旗察哈爾，西及南界鑲黃旗察哈爾。 廣七十八里，袤二百九十五里。 其山：南曰清涼黑山蒙名魁屯喀喇。 西，喀喇峨博圖山，一名黑山。 東南，伊克得兒山，一名大馬鬣山。 西北：翁翁泊、黑水灤蒙名喀喇烏蘇。 鑲藍旗察哈爾駐阿巴漢喀喇山，在殺虎口東北九十里。 東南距京師一千里。 明，大同府西北邊外。 漢，雁門郡沃陽縣地。 牧地當山西寧遠廳之北。 東界鑲紅旗察哈爾，西界山西歸化，南界山西大同，北界四子部落。 廣一百一十五里，袤一百六十里。 其山：東曰克丑山。 西，烏蘭插伯山。 東北，衣馬圖山。 東南，朔隆峰。 其水：南曰察哈音圖河，源出阿爾站嶺，西南流，會弩衡格爾、虎虎烏蘇二河，入烏蘭木倫河。 東南，阿拉齊河，源出朔隆峰，東流至鑲紅旗察哈爾，納巴爾哈孫河，入黛哈池。 東北，硃喇馬台河，源出席喇峰，西南流，會喀喇烏蘇河、納札海河，為土爾根河，即黑河之上源。 黑河，源出海拉蘇台坡，與鑲紅旗察哈爾接界，西北流，有納札海、硃喇馬台等河，皆自東北來，與黑水河會。 又西流，受德布色黑河，折西南，合哲爾德河，始名伊克土爾根河，又西入歸化。 正藍旗察哈爾駐札哈蘇台泊，在獨石口東北三百六十里。 東南距京師八百九十里。 明，開平衛北境。 金，桓州地。 牧地當直隸獨石口廳治之北。 東界克什克騰，西界鑲白旗察哈爾，南界內務府正白旗羊群牧廠，北界阿巴噶左翼。 廣二百六十五里，袤九十五里。 其水：東曰戈賀蘇台河，源出額默黑特站西，北流，會察察爾台、戈賀蘇台、奴黑特等河，入阿霸垓右翼。
The Chahar Eight Banners lie four hundred thirty li southeast of the capital. Their territory stands beyond the frontier of Xuanhua in Zhili and Datong in Shanxi. In Ming times this was Cha Han, a people descended from the Yuan collateral line of the Little Prince. During Jiajing, Buxi grazed his people on Chahar lands, and the tribe took its name from that place. In Tiancong 6 the court campaigned against Ligdan Khan, who fled and died. Ligdan's son Kökege Erjen submitted; his people were enrolled in banners and settled at Yizhou. In Kangxi 14 Burne's brothers rebelled, were suppressed and executed, and the people were relocated to graze beyond the Xuanhua–Datong border. Submitted Khalkha and Oirat were also enrolled as assistant commandants under its jurisdiction. In Qianlong 26 a superintendent was appointed, with his seat at Zhangjiakou. On the east it borders Keshiketeng; on the west the Tumet of Guihua; on the south Dushi and Zhangjia passes in Zhili and Datong and Shuoping in Shanxi; on the north Sunite and the Four Sons tribes. The region stretches a thousand li end to end. Its latitude is 42°20′ N. It lies ten minutes of longitude west of the capital. Bordered Yellow Banner Chahar is stationed at Suming Peak, three hundred forty li north of Zhangjiakou. It lies seven hundred fifty li southeast of the capital. In Ming times it lay beyond the Wanquan Right Guard frontier. In Han times it was Shanggu Commandery. Its grazing lands lie north of Zhangjiakou. It borders Plain White Banner Chahar on the east and Plain Yellow Banner Chahar on the west; on the south the Bordered Yellow Banner pasture office and on the north Sunite Right Wing. It measures one hundred sixty li across and one hundred ninety li in length. Its mountains: to the east, Mo'ertu Mountain. To the south, Hashilang Mountain. To the north are Qingyang Mountain (Mongol Bolohucha) and Hongyang Mountain (Mongol Ulanhucha). To the southeast, Ahaluhu Mountain and Camel Mountain. To the southwest, Elei Mountain. To the northeast, White Deer Mountain (Mongol Buhutu). To the northwest, Yi'erhatu Mountain. To the southeast: Great Red Spring (Mongol Ike Ulan). To the southwest: Gunbulake Spring. To the north: Little Red Spring. Plain Yellow Banner Chahar is stationed at Musunteke Mountain, three hundred twenty li northwest of Zhangjiakou. It lies seven hundred sixty li southeast of the capital. In Han times it was the territory of Qieru County. Its grazing lands lie northwest of Zhangjiakou Subprefecture, south of Kalauangen Mountain. It borders Bordered Yellow Banner Chahar on the east and Plain Red Banner Chahar on the west; on the south the Army Ministry Right Wing pasture office and on the north the Four Sons tribes. It measures one hundred ten li across and two hundred eighty li in length. Its mountains: to the east, Erjinake Mountain. To the south, Wu'erhutuoluohai Mountain. To the north are Great Xianbei Mountain (Mongol Ike Alet) and Xing'an Mountain. To the southwest, Chahanheshao Mountain. To the northeast, Elm Mountain (Mongol Uriyasutai). To the west: Qijin River (Mongol He'erbojin), which rises on He'erbojin Mountain and flows south into Xier Pool. To the southeast: Zhaoha River rises on level ground, flows south, and joins the Wu'ergu River. Farther south the Mengguji River enters from the west and joins it. Farther south the Su'erzha River enters from the northeast and joins it. Continuing south, it enters the frontier at Tianzhen in Datong, passes Chaigou Fort, turns northwest into Huai'an, and becomes the Dongyang River. The Mengguji rises on level ground, flows east to meet the Zhaoha, then turns south into the border; the Nuli River flows south alongside it. Bordered Red Banner Chahar is stationed at Bulin Spring, four hundred twenty li northwest of Zhangjiakou. It lies eight hundred thirty li southeast of the capital. In Han times it was the northern border of Yanmen Commandery. Its grazing lands lie at Daihabo, northeast of Taolin Subprefecture in Shanxi. It borders Plain Red Banner Chahar on the east and Bordered Blue Banner Chahar on the west; on the south Fengzhen and on the north the Four Sons tribes. It measures fifty li across and two hundred li in length. Its mountains: to the south, Duckling Mountain. To the north, Aerdabuse Mountain. To the southeast, Ge'erbai Mountain. To the southwest, Wu'ergusutai Mountain. To the north: Mohuitu River rises at Aotuohai Spring, flows west into Bordered Blue Banner Chahar, and joins the Anda River. To the southeast: Mangkatu River rises in Plain Red Banner Chahar, flows northwest to meet the Alaqi River, and enters Daiha Pool—the Yan'e Lower Water Sea. Plain Red Banner Chahar is stationed at Gu'erbantuoluohai Mountain, three hundred seventy li northwest of Zhangjiakou. It lies eight hundred li southeast of the capital. In Han times it was the northern border of Yanmen Commandery. Its grazing lands lie northeast of Taolin Subprefecture and north of Fengzhen Subprefecture in Shanxi, at Qierbo. It borders Plain Yellow Banner Chahar on the east and Bordered Red Banner Chahar on the west; on the south the Army Ministry Right Wing pasture office and on the north the Four Sons tribes. It measures fifty-five li across and two hundred eighty li in length. Its mountains: to the east, Apaitalan Mountain. To the north, Ikeheluotu Mountain. To the northeast, Hacheketu Mountain. To the northwest, Chahan Peak. To the south: Kundulun Spring and Hulusutai Spring. To the north: Nuo'ersun Spring flows southeast into Plain Yellow Banner Chahar as the Nalin River, then continues southeast into Xier Pool. Bordered White Banner Chahar is stationed at Buyaahaisumu, two hundred forty-five li northwest of Dushikou. It lies seven hundred seventy li southeast of the capital. In Ming times it was the northwest border of Kaiping Guard. In Han times it was the northern border of Shanggu Commandery. Its grazing lands lie northwest of the seat of Dushikou Subprefecture. On the east and south it borders the Army Ministry pasture office; on the west Plain White Banner Chahar and on the north Plain Blue Banner Chahar. It measures fifty-six li across and one hundred ninety-seven li in length. Its mountains: to the south, Bahander Mountain. To the northwest, Iron Pillar Mountain (Mongol Altangadasu). To its north lies Xierha Pool. To the northwest: Red Salt Pool (Mongol Ulan Pool and Kuisu Pool). Plain White Banner Chahar is stationed at Bu'ergatai, two hundred ninety li northwest of Dushikou. It lies eight hundred twenty li southeast of the capital. In Ming times it lay beyond the Longmen Guard frontier. In Han times it was the northern border of Shanggu Commandery. Its grazing lands lie northwest of the seat of Dushikou Subprefecture. On the east and north it borders Bordered White Banner Chahar; on the west and south, Bordered Yellow Banner Chahar. It measures seventy-eight li across and two hundred ninety-five li in length. Its mountains: to the south, Cool Black Mountain (Mongol Kuitunkala). To the west, Kalaebotu Mountain, also known as Black Mountain. To the southeast, Ikede'er Mountain, also known as Great Horse-Mane Mountain. To the northwest: Wengweng Marsh and Black Water Bend (Mongol Kalawusu). Bordered Blue Banner Chahar is stationed at Abahankala Mountain, ninety li northeast of Shakhukou. It lies one thousand li southeast of the capital. In Ming times it lay beyond the northwest frontier of Datong Prefecture. In Han times it was the territory of Woyang County in Yanmen Commandery. Its grazing lands lie north of Ningyuan Subprefecture in Shanxi. It borders Bordered Red Banner Chahar on the east; on the west Shanxi's Guihua, on the south Datong in Shanxi, and on the north the Four Sons tribes. It measures one hundred fifteen li across and one hundred sixty li in length. Its mountains: to the east, Kechou Mountain. To the west, Wulanchabo Mountain. To the northeast, Yimatou Mountain. To the southeast, Shuolong Peak. Its waters: to the south, Chahayintu River rises on Arzhan Ridge, flows southwest to meet the Nuhengge'er and Huhuwusu rivers, and enters the Ulanmulun River. To the southeast, Alaqi River rises on Shuolong Peak, flows east into Bordered Red Banner Chahar, receives the Ba'erhasun River, and enters Daiha Pool. To the northeast, Zhulamatai River rises on Xila Peak, flows southwest to meet the Kalawusu and Nazhahai rivers, and becomes the Tu'ergen River—the upper source of the Hei River. The Hei River rises on Hailasutai Slope along the border with Bordered Red Banner Chahar and flows northwest; the Nazhahai, Zhulamatai, and other rivers enter from the northeast and join the Heishui River. Continuing west, it receives the Debusehei River, turns southwest to meet the Zhe'erde River, and is then known as the Ike Tu'ergen River before entering Guihua farther west. Plain Blue Banner Chahar is stationed at Zhahasutai Marsh, three hundred sixty li northeast of Dushikou. It lies eight hundred ninety li southeast of the capital. In Ming times it was the northern border of Kaiping Guard. In Jin times it was the territory of Huanzhou. Its grazing lands lie north of the seat of Dushikou Subprefecture in Zhili. It borders Keshiketeng on the east and Bordered White Banner Chahar on the west; on the south the Interior Ministry Plain White Banner sheep pasture office and on the north Abag Left Wing. It measures two hundred sixty-five li across and ninety-five li in length. Its waters: to the east, Gehesutai River rises west of Emoheite Station, flows north to meet the Chacha'ertai, Gehesutai, Nuheite, and other rivers, and enters Abag Right Wing.