Volume 261 Biographies 48: Yang Jie, Wan Zhengse, Wu Ying, Lan Li, Huang Wu, Mu Helin

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Mu Helin; Duan Yingju. (Corrupted wikisource fragment.)

=楊捷=楊捷，字元凱，義州人，先世居寶應，明初，以軍功授後屯衛指揮使，世襲，遂家焉。捷初為明裨將，順治元年來降，授山西撫標中軍游擊。嵐縣土寇高九英等聚眾剽掠，巡撫馬國柱檄捷捕治，斬九英，毀其巢。國柱遷總督，以捷為督標中軍參將，旋擢副將。

Yang Jie, whose style was Yuankai, came from Yizhou. His forebears had lived in Baoying; in the early Ming a military merit award made them hereditary commanders of the Rear Garrison Guard, and the family made its home there. Jie had begun as a Ming deputy general. In the first year of Shunzhi he surrendered and was made mobile corps commander of the Shanxi governor-general's central brigade. When the Lan County bandit Gao Jiuying and his followers gathered to raid, Grand Coordinator Ma Guozhu ordered Jie to suppress them; Jie executed Jiuying and destroyed their stronghold. After Guozhu became governor-general, he appointed Jie colonel of his central brigade and soon promoted him to deputy commander.

四年，師定廣東，命捷率宣化、大同兵三千往鎮撫。五年，行次池州，金聲桓、李成棟叛。大將軍譚泰請以捷駐防九江會剿，即授九江總兵，率兵复都昌，獲聲桓所置吏餘應柱等，斬之。江西平，敘功，予世職拖沙喇哈番。十年，從靖南將軍喀喀木討廣東叛鎮郝尚久，复潮州。調陝西興安，經略大學士洪承疇請留原鎮，加右都督。調福建隨徵右路總兵，十二年，敘复潮州功，進左都督。鄭成功侵掠福建，與戰雲霄、銅山諸處，屢捷。十六年，擢江南提督。會成功陷鎮江，窺江寧，加太子少保，充江南隨徵左路總兵，駐揚州，防江北要汛。十八年，命署廬鳳提督，尋調山東。土寇於七敗竄入海，捷捕治其黨五十餘人，誅之。

In the fourth year, once Guangdong had been pacified, he was ordered to take three thousand men from Xuanhua and Datong to garrison and calm the province. In the fifth year, as his column reached Chizhou, Jin Shenghuan and Li Chengdong rose in rebellion. Grand General Tan Tai asked that Jie hold Jiujiang for the joint campaign; he was immediately made regional commander there, recovered Duchang, seized Jin Shenghuan's appointees such as Yu Yingzhu, and executed them. After Jiangxi was pacified, his service was recognized with the hereditary rank of Tuo Shala Ha Fan. In the tenth year he marched with Pacifier of the South General Kekemu against the rebel Guangdong commander Hao Shangjiu and retook Chaozhou. Transferred to Xing'an in Shaanxi, he was kept at his former post at Grand Secretary Hong Chengchou's request and promoted to Right Censor-in-Chief. He was moved to command Fujian's right-route forces on campaign; in the twelfth year the retaking of Chaozhou was entered on the rolls and he rose to Left Censor-in-Chief. As Zheng Chenggong harried Fujian, he met him in battle at Yunxiao, Tongshan, and elsewhere and won again and again. In the sixteenth year he was made provincial commander-in-chief of Jiangnan. When Chenggong seized Zhenjiang and menaced Nanjing, Jie was named Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, took command of Jiangnan's left-route campaign forces, garrisoned Yangzhou, and held the vital Yangtze crossings north of the river. In the eighteenth year he was appointed acting commander-in-chief of Luzhou-Fengyang, then transferred to Shandong. The bandit Yu Qibai, beaten, fled to sea; Jie rounded up more than fifty of his accomplices and put them to death.

康熙十二年，調江南。十七年，鄭錦攻漳州，陷海澄。調捷福建，轄水陸各軍，進少保兼太子太保。疏言：「臣前勦賊雲霄、銅山間，深知閩兵不力戰。自任江南提督，召募材健，訓諫有年。擬選三千人隨徵福建。」詔允之。捷至福州，聞錦犯泉州，即督兵趨惠安。錦將劉國軒斷洛陽橋，以三千人據陳山壩阻我師，捷遣游擊李璉等襲破之。總兵黃大來與副都統禪布等會師洛陽橋南夾擊，國軒遁，泉州平。錦將王一鵬复窺惠安，捷令總兵張韜御之，捕斬略盡。其別將葉明、紀朝佐等出沒德化、永春間，蕭武等以舟師泊湄州，窺興化。捷遣將防守策應，移師至漳州。偕副都統吉爾塔布等敗國軒於江東橋，又分兵屯守柯坑山、鳳山、萬松關諸要隘，遣別將扼守榴山寨。

In the twelfth year of Kangxi he returned to Jiangnan. In the seventeenth year Zheng Jing struck at Zhangzhou and captured Haicheng. Jie was sent to Fujian to command both land and sea forces and promoted to Junior Guardian and Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. In a memorial he wrote: "When I campaigned earlier between Yunxiao and Tongshan, I learned how little fight there is in Fujian's native troops. Since I became Jiangnan commander-in-chief I have recruited able-bodied men and drilled them for years. I propose to take three thousand of them with me to Fujian." The throne approved his request. Reaching Fuzhou and learning that Jing was pressing Quanzhou, he marched immediately toward Hui'an. Jing's general Liu Guoxuan severed the Luoyang Bridge and blocked the road at Chenshan Dam with three thousand men; Jie sent Li Lian and other mobile commanders to storm and break the position. Regional Commander Huang Dalai, Vice Commander-in-Chief Chanbu, and others joined south of the Luoyang Bridge in a converging attack; Guoxuan fled and Quanzhou was secured. When Jing's general Wang Yipeng again menaced Hui'an, Jie had Regional Commander Zhang Tao meet him and killed or captured nearly the whole force. Other commanders such as Ye Ming and Ji Chaozuo raided between Dehua and Yongchun, while Xiao Wu moored a fleet off Meizhou and eyed Xinghua. Jie detached officers to hold the line and coordinate relief, then shifted his main force to Zhangzhou. With Vice Commander-in-Chief Jiertabu and others he routed Guoxuan at Jiangdong Bridge, posted detachments at Kekeng Hill, Feng Hill, Wansong Pass, and other choke points, and sent subordinates to hold Liushan Stockade.

捷初上官，疏請別設水師提督，得以專禦陸路。上授捷昭武將軍，領福建陸路提督事。十八年，國軒率眾劫榴山寨，欲奪江東橋。捷會平南將軍賚塔等分兩翼夾擊，大敗之於下坑山及歐溪頭，斬級千餘，獲甲仗無算。國軒屯獅子山，聯絡遠近各寨為聲援。十九年，捷親率健卒剿平烏嶼諸寨，與總督姚啟聖、總兵姚大來等分下玉洲、三汊、石碼，連破十九寨，進取海澄。錦將蘇侃以城降，遂乘勝與浙江提督石調聲复廈門，國軒自銅山竄歸台灣。

On first taking command he asked that a separate naval commander-in-chief be appointed so he could focus on land operations. The throne named him General Who Pacifies Wu and put him in charge of Fujian's land forces as provincial commander-in-chief. In the eighteenth year Guoxuan struck at Liushan Stockade, aiming to retake Jiangdong Bridge. With Pacifier of the South General Baita he attacked from both wings and crushed the enemy at Xiakeng Hill and Ouxi Head, taking more than a thousand heads and countless arms and armor. Guoxuan held Lion Hill and coordinated stockades near and far as a support network. In the nineteenth year he led elite troops in person to clear the Wuyu stockades; with Governor-General Yao Qisheng and Regional Commander Yao Dalai he sent columns against Yuzhou, Sancha, and Shima, took nineteen stockades in a row, and pressed on Haicheng. When Jing's general Su Kan surrendered the city, Jie pressed the victory and, with Zhejiang commander Shi Tiaosheng, retook Xiamen; Guoxuan fled from Tongshan to Taiwan.

是年，以老病乞罷，命還任江南提督。敘复海澄功，進世職三等阿達哈哈番。三十九年，卒，年七十四，贈少傅兼太子太傅，諡敏壯。孫鑄，襲職，請改籍揚州衛。

That year he pleaded age and illness to resign and was sent back to his Jiangnan command. The retaking of Haicheng was entered on the rolls and his hereditary rank rose to third-class Ada Ha Ha Fan. He died in the thirty-ninth year at seventy-four, was posthumously honored as Junior Tutor and Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent, and received the temple name Minzhuang. His grandson Zhu inherited the rank and asked to have the family's register moved to Yangzhou Guard.

=石調聲=石調聲，漢軍鑲黃旗人。以佐領從征廣東，敘功，予世職拖沙喇哈番。遷參領，駐防福建。擢杭州副都統。耿精忠犯浙江，調聲迎擊，屢卻賊。擢浙江提督。康熙十七年，鄭錦遣劉國軒等犯海澄，詔趣調聲赴援，未至而海澄陷，康親王檄守惠安。賊陷同安，遂圍泉州，惠安亦陷。調聲退軍興化，與參贊大臣禪布攻复惠安，逐北至洛陽橋。泉州圍解。复偕副都統沃申破賊江東橋。頃之，國軒等復奪橋，斷餉道，將軍賚塔檄調聲迎擊，敗之。十九年，复廈門、金門，國軒遁。調聲還浙江任。初賊陷江山、惠安，戰士暴骨多未瘞，議者以咎調聲。二十一年，追論奪官及世職。尋卒。

Shi Tiaosheng belonged to the Han Bordered Yellow Banner. Serving as an assistant commandant on the Guangdong campaign, he earned the hereditary rank of Tuo Shala Ha Fan. Promoted to deputy commandant, he was posted to garrison Fujian. He rose to vice commander-in-chief at Hangzhou. When Geng Jingzhong struck into Zhejiang, Tiaosheng met him in the field and drove the rebels back again and again. He was made provincial commander-in-chief of Zhejiang. In the seventeenth year of Kangxi, Zheng Jing sent Liu Guoxuan against Haicheng; the court ordered Tiaosheng to hurry south, but Haicheng fell before he arrived and Prince Kang directed him to hold Hui'an. The rebels captured Tong'an, laid siege to Quanzhou, and Hui'an fell as well. Tiaosheng fell back to Xinghua; with Adviser Chanbu he retook Hui'an and pursued the enemy north to the Luoyang Bridge. The siege of Quanzhou was broken. He again joined Vice Commander-in-Chief Woshen to rout the rebels at Jiangdong Bridge. Soon Guoxuan retook the bridge and severed the supply line; General Baita ordered Tiaosheng forward and he beat them back. In the nineteenth year Xiamen and Kinmen were retaken and Guoxuan fled. Tiaosheng went back to his Zhejiang command. After the rebels had taken Jiangshan and Hui'an, many dead were left unburied; critics held Tiaosheng responsible. In the twenty-first year a retrospective inquiry stripped him of office and hereditary rank. He died not long after.

=萬正色=萬正色，字惟高，福建晉江人。少入伍。以招降海寇陳燦等，敘功，授陝西興安游擊。康熙十二年，吳三桂反，正色從西安將軍瓦爾喀徵四川。叛將譚弘等據陽平關拒戰，敗之於野狐嶺，乘勝复廣元、昭化。累擢岳州水師總兵。時三桂據岳州，扼守洞庭湖套，植木為椿阻我師。十七年，正色上官，率舟師夜入亂葦中，拔椿盡，擊賊，屢敗之。三桂將江義、巴養元、杜輝等率舟二百攻柳林嘴，正色與游擊唐善等擊之，毀其舟。是歲三桂死於衡州，其子應麒與輝、義等守岳州。正色遣千總魏士曾齎書十四分致應麒部將，士曾為所殺，應麒亦殺部將之受書者，遂內訌。其將陳華、李超、王度衝出降，應麒棄城遁，遂復岳州。正色為士曾請卹，贈守備。十八年，追敘克陽平關功，加左都督。

Wan Zhengse, whose style was Weigao, came from Jinjiang in Fujian. He entered the army in his youth. For winning over sea bandits such as Chen Can, he was rewarded with appointment as mobile corps commander at Xing'an in Shaanxi. When Wu Sangui rose in the twelfth year of Kangxi, Zhengse marched to Sichuan under Xi'an General Wuerka. Rebel general Tan Hong held Yangping Pass; Zhengse beat him at Yehu Ridge and, pressing on, retook Guangyuan and Zhaohua. He rose step by step to command the Yuezhou naval forces as regional commander. Sangui then held Yuezhou, blocked the Dongting narrows, and drove wooden stakes into the channel to stop imperial boats. In the seventeenth year, on taking command, he led his fleet by night through the reed beds, cleared every stake, and beat the rebels again and again. Sangui's generals Jiang Yi, Ba Yangyuan, and Du Hui brought two hundred boats against Liulin Mouth; Zhengse and Tang Shan smashed the fleet. That year Sangui died at Hengzhou; his son Yinglin, with Hui, Yi, and others, still held Yuezhou. Zhengse sent Battalion Commander Wei Shizeng with fourteen copies of a letter to Yinglin's officers; the rebels killed Shizeng, Yinglin executed the officers who had taken the letters, and the garrison turned on itself. Generals Chen Hua, Li Chao, and Wang Duchong defected; Yinglin fled the city and Yuezhou was retaken. Zhengse sought compensation for Shizeng and had him posthumously honored as garrison commander. In the eighteenth year the capture of Yangping Pass was belatedly recognized and he was named Left Censor-in-Chief.

大將軍康親王杰書徵福建，耿精忠降，而鄭錦猶踞金門、廈門，陷海澄。正色自以閩人習海上事狀，因陳水陸戰守機宜，言：「福建負山枕海，賊踪出沒靡常。宜擇官兵習於陸者分佈要害，使賊不得登岸；水軍自萬安鎮順流直下金門，塞海澄以斷其歸路。賊自廈門來援，則從金門掩擊。更請蠲除沿海邊地雜派，設法招撫，善為安置，則賊黨自散。」疏入，詔加太子少保，調福建水師總兵，擢提督。時議檄調荷蘭國船進取廈門，正色疏言：「荷蘭船遲速莫必，延至三四月，風信轉南，即難前進。今新舊鳥船俱集，臣與撫臣吳興祚決計進討，臣率水師直攻海壇，興祚率陸兵為聲援。」

When Grand General Prince Kang Jieshu marched on Fujian, Geng Jingzhong submitted, but Zheng Jing still held Kinmen and Xiamen and had seized Haicheng. As a Fujian man who knew the coast, he laid out how land and sea forces should fight and hold ground: "Fujian lies against mountains and the sea; rebel movements are never predictable. Post troops trained for land fighting at the key points so the rebels cannot land; send the fleet downriver from Wan'an toward Kinmen and seal Haicheng to cut their retreat. If they send relief from Xiamen, fall on them from Kinmen. He also urged remitting miscellaneous coastal levies, winning people over, and settling them properly so rebel bands would melt away." The memorial was approved: he was named Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, made Fujian naval regional commander, and promoted to provincial commander-in-chief. Some proposed calling in Dutch ships to take Xiamen; Zhengse objected: "Dutch sailing is uncertain—wait until the third or fourth month and the south wind will make advance impossible. Our bird-ships old and new are ready; Grand Coordinator Wu Xingzuo and I have decided to attack—I will strike Haitan by sea while Xingzuo moves on land in support."

十九年，正色徵海壇，分前鋒為六隊，親統巨艦繼之，又以輕舟繞出左右，並力夾攻，發砲擊沈敵艦，溺死三千餘人，遂取海壇。其將硃天貴遁，正色追躡至平海澳，天貴走崇武，正色掩擊，大敗之。與將軍拉哈達、總督姚啟聖、巡撫吳興祚、提督楊捷會師取廈門，天貴降。

In the nineteenth year he attacked Haitan with six vanguard squadrons, followed in his flagship, and sent light craft around both flanks; converging fire sank enemy ships and drowned more than three thousand men, and Haitan fell. When his general Zhu Tiangui fled, Zhengse chased him to Pinghai Bay; Tiangui ran on to Chongwu, where Zhengse ambushed and routed him. Joining General Lahada, Governor-General Yao Qisheng, Grand Coordinator Wu Xingzuo, and Commander Yang Jie, he retook Xiamen and Tiangui submitted.

錦竄歸台灣。疏請分兵鎮守濱海要地，上遣兵部侍郎溫岱蒞視。尋議銅山、廈門諸處量設總兵以下官，留水師二萬人分鎮之。初，海壇既克，下兵部敘功。啟聖語溫岱：「正色先與天貴約乃進兵，未嘗與賊戰。」兵部疏聞，上命仍議敘，予世職拜他喇布勒哈番。上諭正色規取台灣，正色請緩師。二十年，改陸路提督。

Jing fled to Taiwan. He asked to garrison the main coastal points in detachments; the throne sent Vice Minister of War Wen Dai to survey the coast. It was then agreed to post regional commanders and subordinates at Tongshan, Xiamen, and elsewhere and to keep twenty thousand naval troops in coastal garrisons. After Haitan fell, the Ministry of War was ordered to record rewards. Qisheng told Wen Dai that Zhengse had arranged matters with Tiangui before advancing and had never really fought the enemy. The Ministry of War reported this, but the emperor ordered rewards to proceed anyway and granted the hereditary rank of Baitala Bule Ha Fan. The emperor told him to plan the reconquest of Taiwan; Zhengse asked for more time. In the twentieth year he was transferred to command land forces.

二十五年，調雲南。未幾，與鶴慶總兵王珍互訐，命與珍詣京師質問。總督范承勳劾正色納賄侵蝕，上遣侍郎多奇、傅拉塔按治，下刑部論死，上以正色功多，特宥之，奪官，仍留世職。三十年，卒。

In the twenty-fifth year he was posted to Yunnan. Soon he and Heqing commander Wang Zhen traded accusations; both were summoned to the capital to answer charges. Governor-General Fan Chengxun charged him with bribery and graft; Vice Ministers Duoqi and Fulata were sent to investigate; the Ministry of Punishments recommended death, but the emperor spared him for his long service, removed his office, and let him keep his hereditary rank. He died in the thirtieth year.

=吳英=吳英，字為高，福建莆田人。幼為海賊掠置島中，更姓王。康熙二年，赴泉州降，授守備劄。從提督王進功攻鄭錦，拔銅山城，加都司僉書銜。尋授浙江提標都司。

Wu Ying, whose style was Weigao, came from Putian in Fujian. As a boy he was taken by pirates to an island and given the surname Wang. In the second year of Kangxi he surrendered at Quanzhou and was commissioned as garrison commander. Serving under Commander Wang Jingong against Zheng Jing, he captured Tongshan and was given vice director of military affairs. He was soon made director of the Zhejiang commander's guard.

十三年，耿精忠反，其將曾養性侵浙，總兵祖弘勳以溫州叛應之，分犯寧波、紹興。英從提督塞白理擊敗之，降其將李榮春等，遷左營游擊。十四年，養性、弘勳率眾十餘萬犯台州。英言於塞白理，陽修毛坪山徑，潛引兵間道自仙居襲賊後，賊踞黃岩半山嶺拒戰。英偕游擊曾承等冒矢石前進，斬其將劉邦仁等，遂復黃岩，遷中軍參將。

In the thirteenth year Geng Jingzhong rose; his general Zeng Yangxing struck into Zhejiang while Zu Hongxun rebelled at Wenzhou and sent columns against Ningbo and Shaoxing. With Commander Saibaili he routed the rebels, won over Li Rongchun and other generals, and was made Left Camp mobile commander. In the fourteenth year Yangxing and Hongxun brought more than a hundred thousand men against Taizhou. Ying advised Saibaili to repair the Maoping Hill road openly while sending a column secretly from Xianju to hit the enemy's rear; the rebels held Ban Shan Ridge at Huangyan. Ying and Zeng Cheng pressed forward under fire, killed Liu Bangren and other commanders, retook Huangyan, and he was promoted to central army colonel.

十五年，貝子傅拉塔規復溫州，養性、弘勳率三萬人乘夜劫營。英分兵五百伏賊後，自率精銳據大羊山，阻其要道，遇賊，殊死戰，身中數槍。師繼進，伏盡起，賊大潰，斬獲無算。尋從提督石調聲援象山，賊屯石門、西溪二嶺。英偕游擊侯奇等分兵三道抵慈谿，擊沈賊船，殲其眾，遂復象山。九月，康親王杰書進徵福建，精忠降，養性、弘勳引退。其將馮公輔猶踞松陽，英入山，招之降。其黨林惟仁等屯處州，英剿撫兼用，斬賊五百餘，降惟仁及兵千餘。

In the fifteenth year Prince Fulata planned the recovery of Wenzhou; Yangxing and Hongxun led thirty thousand men in a night attack on the camp. Ying posted five hundred men in the enemy's rear, held Dayang Hill with elite troops to block their line of march, fought hand to hand when they came up, and took several spear wounds. The main force advanced, the ambush closed in, the rebels broke completely, and the slaughter and captures were beyond counting. He soon marched with Commander Shi Tiaosheng to relieve Xiangshan, where rebels held Shimen and Xixi ridges. With Hou Qi he split into three columns toward Cixi, sank rebel ships, destroyed the enemy, and retook Xiangshan. In the ninth month Prince Kang marched into Fujian; Jingzhong submitted and Yangxing and Hongxun pulled back. Their general Feng Gongfu still held Songyang; Ying went into the hills and won him over. Lin Weiren and his band held Chuzhou; Ying combined force and persuasion, killed more than five hundred rebels, and won over Weiren and a thousand men.

十七年，錦犯泉州，康親王檄調聲赴援，英率師從。錦將劉國軒據洛陽橋，英自上游陳山壩渡江，以奇兵出賊後，造浮橋濟師，前後夾攻，斬級六百有奇。遷福建督標中軍副將。率師援漳州，連克十九寨，轉戰至江口，發砲擊沈敵船，遂復海澄。十八年，國軒复擁眾數万屯郭塘、歐溪頭，謀奪江東橋，英擊走之，擢同安總兵。

In the seventeenth year Jing struck at Quanzhou; Prince Kang summoned Shi Tiaosheng south and Ying marched with him. Jing's Liu Guoxuan held the Luoyang Bridge; Ying crossed upstream at Chenshan Dam, sent a flanking force to the enemy's rear, threw a pontoon bridge across, attacked from both sides, and took more than six hundred heads. He was made deputy commander of the Fujian governor-general's central brigade. Leading the relief of Zhangzhou, he stormed nineteen stockades in a row, fought to Jiangkou, sank enemy ships by cannon fire, and retook Haicheng. In the eighteenth year Guoxuan massed tens of thousands at Guotang and Ouxi Head to retake Jiangdong Bridge; Ying drove him off and was made regional commander of Tong'an.

十九年，偕寧海將軍拉哈達、巡撫吳興祚自同安港口分兵，進克廈門，錦遁歸台灣。是年英奏請復姓。二十二年，移興化，會施琅進攻澎湖。英偕總兵硃天貴、林賢等自八罩嶼乘風進擊，游擊藍理陷圍，英衝入敵陣，拔之出。翌日，進取虎井嶼，英右耳中槍，益力戰，躍入敵艦，手刃其將鄭仁，餘悉駭竄。國軒與鄭克塽乞降，事具瑯傳。

In the nineteenth year he joined General Lahada and Grand Coordinator Wu Xingzuo in a landing from Tong'an harbor, retook Xiamen, and Jing fled to Taiwan. That year he asked the throne to restore his family name. In the twenty-second year he was posted to Xinghua and took part in Shi Lang's assault on Penghu. With Zhu Tiangui and Lin Xian he sailed from Bazhao Islet before the wind; when Lan Li was surrounded, Ying broke into the enemy ranks and brought him out. The next day they took Hujing Islet; a musket ball pierced Ying's right ear, but he fought harder, boarded an enemy ship, killed Zheng Ren with his own hand, and the rest scattered in panic. Guoxuan and Zheng Keshuang sued for peace; the full account is in Shi Lang's biography.

二十四年，入覲，奏言：「台灣地勢絕險，土番止求衣食，素無他原。自來小寇竊發，皆由內地奸民作崇，陸師搜捕易盡。前議設水師趕繒雙篷船百，請減十之八，留二十船分撥台灣、澎湖二處，傳遞文書。台灣、澎湖經制官兵一萬員名，前議以鹿皮、白糖通洋助餉，不能如期給發。臣見台灣民田之外，別有水田，俱屬鄭氏親黨及其部將，耕牛甚多。請分四千屯田，每兵給田三十畝、牛一，課耕種。農隙操練，則兵有恆產，餉可省半。」疏入，命議行。尋移鎮浙江舟山。擢四川提督。

In the twenty-fourth year he presented himself at court and said: "Taiwan's terrain is forbidding; the aborigines want only food and clothing and as a rule harbor no other aims. Petty raids have always been stirred up by mainland collaborators; land troops can hunt them down easily. A hundred double-sailed courier boats had been proposed; he asked to cut that to twenty, split between Taiwan and Penghu for carrying dispatches. The ten thousand garrison troops on Taiwan and Penghu were to be paid from overseas trade in deerskins and sugar, but the money never arrived on time. I have found that besides civilian land in Taiwan there are paddy fields held by the Zheng clan and their officers, with many oxen. He proposed putting four thousand troops on garrison farms, thirty mu and one ox per man, with compulsory cultivation. Training between seasons would give the men a livelihood and cut the ration bill in half." The memorial was approved for implementation. He was soon posted to Zhoushan in Zhejiang. He was made provincial commander-in-chief of Sichuan.

英先以軍功加左都督，授世職拖沙喇哈番。敘平台、澎功，進世職三等阿達哈哈番。三十六年，調福建陸路提督，改水師。上南巡，英朝行在，賜御書榜額。召見，問：「福建今有無海寇？」英對曰：「海寇斷不至蔓延，若蔓延，任臣等何用？惟海中與城郭不同，一水汪洋，乘一小舟，隨處可藏匿。商賈失利，不得已走而為盜，往往有之，不可遽謂之海寇也。」上降詔獎英篤實而明達，尋授威略將軍，仍領水師提督事，复御製詩賜之，勗以黽勉防微。五十一年，卒，年七十六，贈太子少保。

For earlier campaigns he had been named Left Censor-in-Chief and granted the hereditary rank of Tuo Shala Ha Fan. The Taiwan and Penghu campaign raised his hereditary rank to third-class Ada Ha Ha Fan. In the thirty-sixth year he was moved to command Fujian's land forces, then switched to the naval command. On the emperor's southern tour Ying attended the traveling court and received an imperial inscribed plaque. Called before the throne, he was asked whether Fujian still had sea bandits. Ying replied: "They will never spread in force—if they did, what good are we? The sea is not like a walled town: on open water a single small boat can hide almost anywhere. Merchants who lose their stake sometimes take to piracy—that is common and should not at once be called full-scale sea banditry." The emperor praised his plain good sense, named him General of Majestic Strategy while keeping him on the naval command, gave him an imperial poem, and urged steady vigilance against trouble in the bud. He died in the fifty-first year at seventy-six and was posthumously honored as Junior Tutor of the Heir Apparent.

=藍理=藍理，字義山，福建漳浦人。少桀驁，膂力絕人。集族人勇健者擊殺海寇盧質，詣吏，欲因以為功，吏疑亦盜也，系之獄。康熙十三年，耿精忠反，悉縱系者，令赴籓下授職。理間道走仙霞關詣康親王軍降，為鄉導，破叛將曾養性於溫州。十五年，從師入閩，授建寧游擊。十七年，從都統賚塔敗海寇於蜈蚣統賚塔敗海寇於蜈蚣山，复長泰。十八年，遷灌口營參將。十九年，總督姚啟聖駐師漳浦，令理分兵守高浦，辭不赴，劾理虛兵冒餉，坐奪官。下部議罪，擬杖徒，理請剿海寇自贖，上允之，發軍前效力。

Lan Li, whose style was Yishan, came from Zhangpu in Fujian. As a youth he was wild and possessed extraordinary strength. He rallied clansmen, killed the pirate Lu Zhi, and went to the magistrate for credit; the official suspected him of banditry and jailed him. When Geng Jingzhong rebelled in the thirteenth year of Kangxi, prisoners were freed and told to join his service. Li slipped through Xianxia Pass to Prince Kang's camp, guided the army, and helped defeat Zeng Yangxing at Wenzhou. In the fifteenth year he entered Fujian with the army and was made mobile commander at Jianning. In the seventeenth year he followed Commander Baita, defeated sea bandits at Centipede Mountain, and retook Changtai. In the eighteenth year he was made colonel of Guankou Camp. In the nineteenth year Yao Qisheng camped at Zhangpu and ordered Li to hold Gaopu; Li refused; he was charged with padding rolls and drawing pay and lost his post. The Ministry of Punishments proposed beating and exile; Li asked to fight pirates to atone; the emperor agreed and sent him to the front.

二十一年，提督施琅徵台灣，知理英勇，奏署右營游擊領舟師，部議格之，特旨允行。瑯令理當前鋒，諸弟瑤、瑗、珠皆從。鄭克塽遣其將劉國軒守澎湖，令曾遂等率眾數万迎敵，戰艦蔽海。理督兵與戰，自辰至午，戰益力。遂發砲，彈掠理而過，理僕，遂遙呼曰：「藍理死矣！」瑤扶理起立，理亦呼曰：「藍理在，曾遂死矣！」呼刀，族子法以授理，見理腹破腸流出，為掬而納諸腹，瑗傅以衣，珠持匹練縛其創。理呼殺賊，麾兵進，擊沈敵艦二，敵大潰。瑯過理舟慰勞之，令治創复戰。瑯舟膠淺沙，敵艦環圍之，理聞，赴援。理舟書姓名篷上，敵憚理，戰為稍卻，追擊，大敗之。得敵艦，請瑯易舟，出，逐敵至西嶼，殺傷殆盡，遂克澎湖。台灣平，敘功，仍授參將，加左都督。

In the twenty-first year Shi Lang invaded Taiwan, knew Li's courage, and asked to put him in charge of the fleet as acting Right Camp commander; the ministry blocked it, but the emperor overruled them. Lang put Li in the vanguard with his brothers Yao, Yuan, and Zhu beside him. Zheng Keshuang put Liu Guoxuan in Penghu and sent Zeng Sui with tens of thousands to meet the fleet; enemy ships blackened the sea. Li fought from morning to midday, growing fiercer as the battle wore on. Sui opened fire; a ball grazed Li and he fell; Sui cried from a distance: "Lan Li is dead!" Yao helped him up; Li shouted back: "Lan Li lives—Zeng Sui will die!" He called for a sword; clansman Fa gave him one; when his belly was torn open Fa pushed his entrails back in, Yuan wrapped him in cloth, and Zhu bound the wound with silk. Li roared to press the attack, sank two enemy ships, and the enemy broke completely. Lang came alongside to comfort him and told him to dress his wounds and return to battle. Lang's ship ran aground and enemy vessels closed in; Li hurried to his aid. His name was painted on his sail; the enemy feared him, gave ground, and he pursued them to a rout. He seized an enemy ship, put Lang aboard it, chased the foe to Xiyu, killed or wounded nearly all of them, and Penghu fell. After Taiwan was pacified he was again made colonel and named Left Censor-in-Chief.

未幾，丁父憂。二十六年，服闋，詣京師，迎駕趙北口，召至御前，問澎湖戰狀，命解衣視其創，慰勞甚至，超授陝西神木營副將。尋擢宣化鎮總兵，掛鎮朔將軍印。二十九年，移定海。四十二年，复移天津。賜花翎、冠服，並御書榜曰「所向無敵」賚焉。四十三年，以舊傷疾作，乞解任，溫旨慰留，遣御醫診視。理以畿輔地多荒窪，請於天津開墾水田百五十頃，歲收稻穀，民號曰「藍田」。

He soon went into mourning for his father. When mourning ended in the twenty-sixth year he went to court, met the emperor at Zhaobeikou, was asked about Penghu, made to show his wounds, warmly praised, and abruptly promoted to deputy commander at Shenmu Camp in Shaanxi. He was soon made regional commander of Xuanhua with the seal of General Who Guards the North. In the twenty-ninth year he was posted to Dinghai. In the forty-second year he was moved again to Tianjin. He received peacock feathers, court dress, and an imperial plaque inscribed "Invincible Wherever He Turns." In the forty-third year his old wounds troubled him and he asked to retire; the emperor kindly kept him on and sent a court physician. Seeing much waste land around the capital, he reclaimed one hundred fifty qing of paddy at Tianjin; the harvest earned the name "Lan's Fields."

四十五年，擢福建陸路提督。四十六年，上南巡，理迎駕揚州，賞賚有加，复御書榜曰「勇壯簡易」。四十七年，丁母憂，命在任守制。五十年，巨盜陳五顯等糾二千人擾泉州永春、德化諸縣。事聞逾數月，理始疏陳，並言村落安集如故，上斥其誑，命奪職，總督梁鼐、巡撫滿保先後劾理貪婪酷虐諸狀，遣侍郎和託、廖騰煃會督撫按治得實，論斬，詔從寬免死，入京旗。五十四年，師北征，剿策妄阿喇布坦，理請赴軍前效力，賜總兵銜，從都統穆爾賽協理北路軍務。以病回京，尋卒。詔免所追銀兩，遣其妻子回籍歸葬。

In the forty-fifth year he was made provincial commander-in-chief of Fujian's land forces. On the southern tour in the forty-sixth year he met the emperor at Yangzhou with extra gifts and a new plaque: "Brave, Sturdy, and Plain." In the forty-seventh year he mourned his mother but was told to remain on duty. In the fiftieth year the bandit Chen Wuxian rallied two thousand men and raided Yongchun, Dehua, and other Quanzhou counties. Months passed before Li reported the outbreak and claimed the countryside was calm; the emperor called it deceit and stripped his office; Liang Nai and Manbao charged him with greed and cruelty; Hetuo and Liao Tengqi confirmed the charges and recommended death, but the emperor spared his life and enrolled him in the Beijing Banner. In the fifty-fourth year, during the northern campaign against Tsewang Arabtan, Li volunteered for the front, was given regional commander rank, and served under Commander-in-Chief Muer Sai on the northern front. Illness forced him back to the capital, and he died soon after. The emperor canceled the fines levied against him and sent his family home for burial.

理虓勇善戰。性率直。官福建提督，政行於鄉里。捕治盜賊，遂及諸豪家。修橋樑，平道路，率富民錢，益積怨。泉州民繪虎為榜，列理諸累民狀，以是得罪。上念其舊功，終矜全之。弟瑤，未仕；瑗，官至金門總兵；珠，累官參將。

Li was ferocious in battle and fought superbly. He was blunt by nature. As Fujian commander-in-chief his authority was felt throughout his home country. His pursuit of bandits eventually touched powerful local clans. He rebuilt bridges and roads at rich men's expense and bred more resentment. Quanzhou townsfolk posted a tiger placard listing his abuses of the people, and that was how he fell afoul of the court. The emperor remembered his old service and in the end spared him. His brother Yao never held office; Yuan rose to regional commander of Kinmen; Zhu eventually became a colonel.

=黃梧=黃梧，字君宣，福建平和人。初為鄭成功總兵，守海澄。順治十三年，梧斬成功將華棟等，以海澄降。大將軍鄭親王世子濟度以聞，封海澄公。十四年，總督李率泰疏請益梧兵，合四千人，駐漳州。梧與李率泰及提督馬得功、都統郎賽水陸分道進，破七城，克閩安鎮。敘功，賜甲胄、貂裘，加太子太保。梧牒李率泰，薦委署都督施琅智勇忠誠，熟諳沿海事狀，假以事權，必能剪除海孽；又言成功全藉內地接濟，木植、絲綿、油麻、釘鐵、柴米，土宄陰為轉輸，齎糧養寇，請嚴禁；併條列滅賊五策，復請速誅成功父芝龍。率泰先後上聞，瑯得擢用，芝龍亦誅。尋命嚴海禁，絕接濟，移兵分駐海濱，阻成功兵登岸，增戰艦，習水戰，皆用梧議也。

Huang Wu, whose style was Junxuan, came from Pinghe in Fujian. He had first been Zheng Chenggong's regional commander at Haicheng. In the thirteenth year of Shunzhi he killed Chenggong's generals Hua Dong and others and surrendered Haicheng. Grand General Prince of Zheng's heir Jidu reported the surrender and Wu was enfeoffed as Duke of Haicheng. In the fourteenth year, Governor-General Li Shuätai asked the throne for more troops under Wu—four thousand in all—to garrison Zhangzhou. Wu, Li Shuätai, provincial commander Ma Degong, and Banner commander Lang Sai advanced on separate land and sea routes, took seven cities, and captured Min'an Fort. For his service he received armor and a sable coat and was promoted to Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. Wu wrote Li Shuätai urging that acting regional commander Shi Lang—intelligent, brave, loyal, and well versed in coastal affairs—be given real authority; with it, Wu argued, he could wipe out the sea rebels. He also argued that Chenggong depended entirely on inland supplies—timber, silk, cotton, hemp oil, nails, iron, firewood, and rice—and that local bandits were secretly moving goods to sustain the enemy; he asked that this be strictly forbidden. He also laid out five detailed plans for destroying the rebels and again urged the immediate execution of Chenggong's father, Zhilong. Li Shuätai forwarded these recommendations in turn; Shi Lang was promoted and put to use, and Zhilong was executed. Soon the court tightened the maritime ban, cut off supplies, redeployed troops along the coast, blocked Chenggong's men from landing, added warships, and trained for naval combat—all following Wu's advice.

及成功病卒，其將萬義、萬祿、楊學皋、陳莽、陳輝、顏立勳、黃昌、黃義、餘期英等詣梧降。康熙二年，師攻廈門，靖南王耿繼茂出潯尾，梧偕李率泰出蒿嶼，督水陸將卒夾擊，斬獲無算，遂克廈門、金門、浯嶼三島。鄭錦遁據銅山。繼茂令梧統兵駐雲霄防剿。三年，梧招錦將周全斌、陳昇、黃廷、何政、許貞、李思忠等來降。遂偕繼茂、李率泰及提督王進功乘夜渡海，拔銅山。錦走還台灣。

After Chenggong died of illness, his generals Wan Yi, Wan Lu, Yang Xuegao, Chen Mang, Chen Hui, Yan Lixun, Huang Chang, Huang Yi, Yu Qiying, and others came to Wu and surrendered. In the second year of Kangxi the army attacked Xiamen. Prince of Jingnan Geng Jimao moved out from Xunwei while Wu and Li Shuätai sortied from Haoyu; directing land and sea forces in a pincer, they killed and captured beyond count and took Xiamen, Kinmen, and Wuyu. Zheng Jing withdrew and held Tongshan. Jimao ordered Wu to take command of troops garrisoned at Yunxiao to defend and suppress the enemy. In the third year Wu persuaded Zheng Jing's generals Zhou Quanbin, Chen Sheng, Huang Ting, He Zheng, Xu Zhen, Li Sizhong, and others to defect. He then joined Jimao, Li Shuätai, and provincial commander Wang Jingong in a night crossing and captured Tongshan. Zheng Jing fled back to Taiwan.

梧疏言：「自海上歸誠，十二年中，先後招撫文武吏二百餘、兵數万人，有蒙賜封侯伯且世襲者。臣公爵未定何等及承襲次數，乞敕部覈議。」尋命定封一等公，世襲十二次。七年，兵部議裁汰諸行省兵額，梧標下額定官三十員、兵一千二百人，餘移駐河南。十三年，耿精忠反，傳檄至漳州。梧方病疽，聞變驚恚，遂卒。

Wu memorialized: "In the twelve years since I came in from the sea, I have successively induced more than two hundred civil and military officers and tens of thousands of troops to submit—some of whom were enfeoffed as marquis or earl with hereditary succession. My own ducal rank has not been fixed in grade or in the number of inheritances; I ask that the ministry be ordered to review the matter." The court soon fixed his title as a first-class duke, inheritable for twelve generations. In the seventh year the Board of War proposed cutting provincial troop quotas; Wu's command was fixed at thirty officers and twelve hundred men, with the rest transferred to garrison Henan. In the thirteenth year Geng Jingzhong rebelled and his manifesto reached Zhangzhou. Wu was then ill with a carbuncle; shocked and enraged by the rebellion, he soon died.

子芳度，字壽岩。梧既卒，陽以梧命答精忠，而陰募兵自守，凡二月餘，得壯士六千人，遂斬精忠所置都督劉豹等，誓師登陴，以蠟丸函疏，遣黃藍間道馳奏。上嘉梧忠藎，降詔優恤，以芳度襲爵；並諭師自浙江、江西、廣東三路入福建。芳度诇何路兵先到，迎會合剿。尋疏言：「漳州介耿、鄭二逆間，自八月以來，堅與耿拒，偽與鄭和。因得陰行招募，練成勁旅萬人，分佈漳城及龍溪等五縣。無何，耿逆來犯，臣率眾迎擊，擒斬無算。二逆構怨已深，勢必俱敗。誠得粵省大兵乘勝進攻，臣當率師迎會，迅奏掃除之功。」十四年，復言：「臣拒耿餌鄭，固守一載有餘。近二逆通好，臣謀已洩。鄭逆遂撤回各鎮，蜂聚海澄，備糧繕器。臣知其狡謀，遣總兵楊壯猷等扼守平和，並令臣從兄芳泰突圍赴廣東，接引大兵。鄭逆率眾圍城，晝夜攻擊。臣連次出兵，斬其將黃鼎新、盧英等。但孤城缺餉，百計難支。計粵路援師，旦夕可至。乞密敕浙江、江西兩路兵迅速進發，俾二逆不能相顧，臣可會合奏功。」

His son Fangdu, courtesy name Shouyan. After Wu died, Fangdu outwardly replied to Jingzhong in his father's name while secretly raising troops to defend the city. In little more than two months he gathered six thousand stalwarts, beheaded regional commanders Liu Bao and others appointed by Jingzhong, rallied his men on the walls, and sent Huang Lan by a secret route with a wax-sealed memorial to the throne. The emperor praised Wu's loyalty and issued a generous edict of condolence, allowing Fangdu to inherit the title; and ordered imperial forces to enter Fujian from Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Guangdong in three columns. Fangdu scouted which column would arrive first and went out to meet it for a joint campaign. He soon memorialized: "Zhangzhou sits between the Geng and Zheng rebels. Since the eighth month I have held firm against Geng while pretending to reconcile with Zheng. That let me recruit in secret and train a crack force of ten thousand men, posted across Zhangzhou city and five counties including Longxi. Before long the Geng rebels attacked; I led my men out to meet them and killed and captured beyond count. Bad blood between the two rebels already runs deep; they are bound to destroy each other. If Guangdong's main force presses the attack while victory is at hand, I will lead my troops out to join it and quickly report the work of total pacification." In the fourteenth year he wrote again: "I have resisted Geng while stringing Zheng along, holding the city for more than a year. Recently the two rebels made peace, and my stratagem was exposed. The Zheng rebels then pulled back from their garrisons, massed at Haicheng, and began stockpiling grain and repairing arms. Seeing through his scheme, I sent regional commander Yang Zhuangyou and others to hold Pinghe and ordered my elder cousin Fangtai to break out toward Guangdong and guide the main force. The Zheng rebels besieged the city and attacked day and night. I sortied again and again and killed his generals Huang Dingxin, Lu Ying, and others. But an isolated city short of supplies cannot be held by any stratagem. I expect relief from Guangdong to arrive within a day or two. I beg a secret order for the Zhejiang and Jiangxi columns to advance at once, so the two rebels cannot aid each other and I can join up and report success."

漳州自五月被圍至七月，敵來益眾，豎雲梯攻城，砲毀城堞三十餘丈。芳度率將士拒戰，殲賊無算。敵環攻不退，芳度連疏告急。詔趣統兵諸將迅速赴援，並撥餉接濟。十月，城中糧盡，叛將吳淑引賊陷城。芳度率兵巷戰，力竭，赴開元寺井死，年二十有五。賊戕其屍，母趙、妻李自經。從父樞、從兄芳名、弟芳聲、芳祐並死。期功男女從死者三十餘人。賊又斫梧棺，毀其屍。副將蔡隆，游擊硃武，外委張瓊、戴鄰、陳謙俱罵賊死。事聞，優詔褒卹，贈芳度王爵，諡忠勇，如多羅郡王例，遣大臣致祭。隆、武、瓊、鄰、謙俱贈官有差。

Zhangzhou was under siege from the fifth month through the seventh; the enemy grew ever stronger, raised siege ladders, and cannon fire smashed more than thirty zhang of the battlements. Fangdu led his officers and men in defense and killed rebels beyond count. The enemy kept up the encirclement; Fangdu sent memorial after memorial begging for relief. An edict ordered the commanding generals to hurry to the rescue and allocated funds for relief supplies. In the tenth month the city ran out of grain; the turncoat Wu Shu led the enemy inside and the city fell. Fangdu fought house to house until he was spent, then drowned himself in the well at Kaiyuan Temple. He was twenty-five. The rebels mutilated his body; his mother Zhao and his wife Li hanged themselves. His uncle Shu, elder cousin Fangming, and younger brothers Fang Sheng and Fang You all died with him. More than thirty close relatives, men and women, died with him. The rebels also broke open Wu's coffin and desecrated his remains. Vice commander Cai Long, battalion commander Zhu Wu, and staff officers Zhang Qiong, Dai Lin, and Chen Qian all died cursing the enemy. When word reached the throne, an edict praised and mourned him: Fangdu was posthumously made a prince with the temple name Loyal and Brave, given rites on the model of a Prince of the Multitude, and a minister was sent to offer sacrifice. Long, Wu, Qiong, Lin, and Qian were all posthumously given offices of varying rank.

梧兄子芳世，字周士。先於康熙元年齎梧疏入覲，留京師，授一等侍衛。及芳度遣藍齎疏告急，芳世自陳乞從大軍自廣東進援，上許之，以為福建隨徵總兵官，降敕褒勉。芳世至廣東，會弟芳泰自漳州突圍出，芳世督兵赴援，距漳州僅二日，聞城陷，退屯惠州。芳度殉難，詔以芳世襲爵。十五年，叛將馬雄等誘芳世兄弟附三桂，不從，乘間脫走，至江西信豐，遣藍齎疏陳陷賊始末。上嘉之，加太子太保，命仍鎮守漳州。藍自參將擢海澄總兵，令馳赴康親王軍，俟漳、泉恢復，收集海澄公部下散失官兵，鎮守汛地。

Wu's nephew Fangshi, courtesy name Zhoushi. Earlier, in the first year of Kangxi, he brought Wu's memorial to court, stayed in the capital, and was appointed a first-class imperial guard. When Fangdu sent Lan with an urgent memorial, Fangshi asked to join the relief force coming from Guangdong; the emperor agreed, made him Fujian campaign regional commander, and issued an edict of praise. Fangshi reached Guangdong and met his brother Fangtai, who had broken out of Zhangzhou. He hurried toward the city but was still two days away when he heard it had fallen; he withdrew to camp at Huizhou. After Fangdu's death in battle, an edict had Fangshi inherit the title. In the fifteenth year the turncoat Ma Xiong and others tried to win Fangshi and his brothers to Wu Sangui's side; they refused, slipped away at the first chance, reached Xinfeng in Jiangxi, and sent Lan with a memorial explaining how they had fallen in with the rebels. The emperor praised him, added the title Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and ordered him to continue garrisoning Zhangzhou. Lan was promoted from colonel to Haicheng regional commander and ordered to ride to Prince Kang's army; once Zhangzhou and Quanzhou were recovered, he was to gather the Duke of Haicheng's scattered officers and men and garrison the posts.

十六年，芳世疏言：「臣叔梧遺骸遭賊殘毀，請與芳度一體議卹。臣叔樞{罒馬}賊而死，臣弟芳名、芳聲奮力守城，同日遇害，並乞賜卹。」詔贈梧太保，諡忠恪，樞贈按察使僉事，芳名、芳聲贈太常寺卿，各予廕；賜芳世蟒袍、弓矢、鞍馬，褒嘉甚至。

In the sixteenth year Fangshi memorialized: "My uncle Wu's remains were mutilated by the rebels; I ask that he receive the same posthumous honors as Fangdu. My uncle Shu died cursing the rebels; my brothers Fangming and Fang Sheng fought to hold the walls and were killed the same day; I ask posthumous honors for them as well." An edict posthumously made Wu Grand Guardian with the temple name Loyal and Reverent; Shu was made Vice Commissioner of the Surveillance Commission; Fangming and Fang Sheng were made Vice Ministers of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices, each with hereditary privilege; Fangshi received a python robe, bow and arrows, and saddle and horse—the honors were extraordinary.

十七年，錦將劉國軒、吳淑犯海澄，芳世與總督郎廷相、副都統孟安等迭敗之觀音山、秬山頭、石瑪村等處。國軒退犯漳州，芳世率兵堵剿，殲賊甚眾。山寇蔡寅詐稱硃三太子，糾眾數万，與錦通，犯漳州。芳世擊敗之於天寶山，斬其渠楊寧等。芳世疏言：「漳州亂後，臣叔梧、弟芳度舊部離散，臣漸次收集，得四千八百人，選補本標五營六百人，餘無額可補，乞汰留三千人，別立三營，視經制給餉。」部議從之。未幾，病卒，遺疏言：「閩省久困兵禍，漳州尤甚。原大師底定後，嚴飭有司輕徭薄賦，甦此殘黎。」並區畫海疆數事，復以子溥年才九歲，請以弟芳泰襲爵，詔贈少保，諡忠襄。

In the seventeenth year Zheng Jing's generals Liu Guoxuan and Wu Shu attacked Haicheng; Fangshi, Governor-General Lang Tingxiang, Banner vice commander Meng An, and others repeatedly defeated them at Guanyin Mountain, Jushantou, Shima Village, and elsewhere. Guoxuan withdrew and turned on Zhangzhou; Fangshi led troops to intercept him and killed a great many rebels. The mountain rebel Cai Yin falsely claimed to be the Third Prince Zhu, raised tens of thousands of men, coordinated with Zheng Jing, and attacked Zhangzhou. Fangshi routed him on Tianbao Mountain and beheaded the ringleader Yang Ning and others. Fangshi memorialized: "After Zhangzhou's chaos the old followers of my uncle Wu and brother Fangdu scattered. I have gradually reassembled forty-eight hundred men, filled six hundred posts in my five standard battalions, and have no quota for the rest. I ask to keep three thousand after reduction, form three new battalions, and pay them on the regular establishment." The Board approved the request. Before long he died of illness. His final memorial said: "Fujian has long suffered from war, and Zhangzhou worst of all. I pray that once the great army has pacified the province, officials will be strictly ordered to lighten labor service and reduce taxes and revive these battered people." He also laid out several plans for the coastal frontier and, because his son Pu was only nine, asked that his brother Fangtai inherit the title. An edict posthumously made him Junior Guardian with the temple name Loyal and Auspicious.

=芳泰=芳泰，字和士。少為諸生。佐芳度守漳州，突圍出乞援。城陷後，父母妻子皆遇害。至廣東，值尚之信叛，芳泰與芳世從巡撫楊熙力戰得出。尋授江南京口總兵。芳世卒，襲爵。屢出勦賊，復平和、漳平諸縣。總督姚啟聖疏言芳泰年少，不能轄標兵。下部議，令芳泰詣京師。芳泰疏請暫駐汀州，為兄芳度營葬。啟聖復言海澄公標下舊兵，聞芳泰在汀州，皆走依之，偽將吳淑兄弟以曾害芳度，不敢來降，請敕芳泰速離福建。十八年，芳泰至京師，上言：「臣久經行陣，不為幼弱。離漳已十月，不聞吳淑投誠。督臣無計辦賊，以臣藉口。臣當壯年，乞仍駐閩疆督剿，以報主恩。」上慰諭之。二十二年，許其回籍營葬。二十九年，卒，以子應纘為芳度後，襲爵。四十九年，應纘為芳泰請卹，贈太子少保。乾隆初，追諡襄愍。三十二年，高宗特詔以公爵世襲罔替。

Fangtai, courtesy name Heshi. In his youth he was a licentiate. He helped Fangdu defend Zhangzhou, broke out of the city, and went to seek relief. After the city fell, his parents, wife, and children were all killed. In Guangdong he ran into Shang Zhixin's rebellion; Fangtai and Fangshi fought under Grand Coordinator Yang Xi and battled their way out. He was soon appointed regional commander at Jiangkou in Nanjing. When Fangshi died, he inherited the title. He repeatedly campaigned against bandits and recovered Pinghe, Zhangping, and other counties. Governor-General Yao Qishi reported that Fangtai was too young to command his personal troops. The matter went to the ministry, and Fangtai was ordered to come to the capital. Fangtai asked to stay temporarily at Tingzhou to arrange his brother Fangdu's burial. Yao Qishi added that the Duke of Haicheng's old soldiers, hearing Fangtai was at Tingzhou, were flocking to him; the rebel Wu Shu and his brothers, who had once betrayed Fangdu, dared not surrender while Fangtai remained, and he asked that Fangtai be ordered to leave Fujian at once. In the eighteenth year Fangtai reached the capital and said: "I have long seen battle and am no callow youth. I have been away from Zhangzhou ten months, and Wu Shu still has not surrendered. The governor has no plan for the rebels and is using me as an excuse. I am still in my prime; I beg to be allowed to remain on the Fujian frontier and lead the campaign, to repay my sovereign's grace." The emperor comforted and reassured him. In the twenty-second year he was allowed to return home to arrange the burial. In the twenty-ninth year he died; his son Yingzuan was made Fangdu's heir and inherited the dukedom. In the forty-ninth year Yingzuan petitioned for posthumous honors for Fangtai, who was granted Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent. Early in the Qianlong reign he was posthumously given the temple name Auspicious and Resolute. In the thirty-second year the Gaozong Emperor issued a special edict making the dukedom perpetually inheritable.

應纘卒，諡溫簡。無子，以從子仕簡為後，襲爵。乾隆初，朝京師。高宗以其幼，令還裡待命。十九年，授衢州總兵。二十四年，遷湖廣提督，歷廣東、福建陸路水師。疏發廈門商船陋規，上嘉之，諭：「汝知恩，朕亦知人。」漳、泉民流入台灣，屢出劫掠，仕簡親渡海督兵捕治。再入覲，賜黃馬褂、雙眼花翎、黑狐端罩。病後偶躓，賜人參、高麗清心丸。淡水生番戕同知楊凱，复渡海督兵捕治，加太子太保。林爽文亂起，督兵討之，師久無功。總督常青、李侍堯先後劾仕簡貽誤，奪官，逮下刑部論斬，特宥之。尋赦歸，卒。

When Yingzuan died, he was given the temple name Gentle and Simple. He had no son; a younger cousin, Shijian, was made his heir and inherited the dukedom. Early in the Qianlong reign he came to court in the capital. Because he was still young, the Gaozong Emperor sent him home to await further orders. In the nineteenth year he was made regional commander at Quzhou. In the twenty-fourth year he became Huguang provincial commander-in-chief and later served as commander of Guangdong and of Fujian's land and naval forces. He memorialized exposing abusive fees on Xiamen merchant shipping; the emperor praised him and said: "You know how to repay favor—and I know how to judge men." When people from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou drifted to Taiwan and repeatedly raided the coast, Shirjian crossed the strait himself to lead troops against them. On a later visit to court he received a yellow riding jacket, double-eyed peacock feathers, and a black-fox court surcoat. After an illness he had a fall, and the emperor sent him ginseng and Korean restorative pills. When aboriginal people in Tamsui killed Subprefect Yang Kai, he crossed the sea again to lead a punitive campaign and was promoted to Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. When the Lin Shuangwen rebellion erupted, he took command of the campaign, but the army made no headway for a long time. Governors-General Chang Qing and Li Shiyao impeached him one after another for bungling the campaign; he was dismissed, sent to the Board of Punishments for a capital sentence, and then specially pardoned. He was soon pardoned and sent home, where he died.

仕簡子秉淳前卒，以其孫嘉謨襲爵。秉淳初授藍翎侍衛，累遷至狼山總兵。嘉謨初授頭等侍衛，累遷至溫州總兵。

Shirjian's son Bingchun had died before him, so his grandson Jiamo inherited the dukedom. Bingchun began as a guard with a blue plume and rose to regional commander at Langshan. Jiamo began as a first-class imperial guard and rose to regional commander at Wenzhou.

=穆赫林=穆赫林，博爾濟吉特氏，滿洲正藍旗人。祖瑣諾木，為兀魯特貝勒。太祖時，從明安來歸。積戰閥，授二等總兵官。卒，順治間，追諡順良。再傳，子僧格襲世職，遇恩詔，累進三等伯。卒，穆赫林襲職。康熙五年，授正藍旗滿洲副都統，列議政大臣。

Mu Helin, a Borjigit Manchu of the Plain Blue Banner. His ancestor Suonuomu was a beile of the Olot Mongols. In the Taizu Emperor's reign he followed Minggan in submitting to the dynasty. He built up a record of battle honors and was made a second-rank regional commander. After his death he was posthumously given the temple name Obedient and Good during the Shunzhi reign. Two generations later his son Senge inherited the hereditary post and, through successive grace edicts, rose to third-rank baron. When he died, Mu Helin inherited the post. In the fifth year of Kangxi he became vice commander of the Plain Blue Banner Manchus and joined the ranks of deliberative ministers.

吳三桂反，十三年，偕都統拉哈達率兵駐防兗州，旋命移駐江寧。時耿精忠叛應三桂，大將軍康親王杰書、將軍貝子傅喇塔討之。穆赫林率所部喀喇沁、土默特兵赴浙江，與傅喇塔師會。十四年，從攻台州，精忠將林沖糾眾萬餘，列十三寨拒戰。穆赫林督兵攻拔其寨，斬獲無算，复仙居。

When Wu Sangui rebelled, in the thirteenth year he and Commander Lahada garrisoned Yanzhou and were soon ordered to move to Jiangning. Geng Jingzhong then rose in support of Sangui; Grand General Prince Kang Jieshu and Prince Fuleta were sent to suppress him. Mu Helin marched his Khalkha and Tumed troops to Zhejiang and joined Prince Fuleta's force. In the fourteenth year he joined the assault on Taizhou, where Jingzhong's general Lin Chong mustered more than ten thousand men in thirteen fortified camps. Mu Helin stormed the camps, killing and capturing beyond count, and recovered Xianju.

師自黃岩進，精忠將曾養性偕叛將祖弘勳據溫州分水陸迎戰，穆赫林擊敗之上塘嶺，得戰艦三十餘。精忠將彭國明率眾五千瀕甌江列寨，穆赫林率兵至寶帶橋奮擊，斬級千餘，盡獲其槍械旗幟，遂薄江而陣，賊來犯，輒戰卻之。溫州繞城為壕屬甌江，為閘以蓄水，師爭閘，賊護甚力，久未能薄城。時康親王杰書駐金華，檄傅喇塔與穆赫林速攻城。穆赫林言必得大砲乃可克。十五年，上責王貝子等遷延，師無功。王因劾穆赫林與副都統吉勒塔布、提督段應舉等違令瞻顧狀，命事平議罪。八月，康親王自衢州攻克仙霞關，精忠降，徙養性、弘勳等至福州，檄穆赫林移師福建，駐守延平。

The army advanced from Huangyan. Jingzhong's general Zeng Yangxing and the rebel Zu Hongxun held Wenzhou and met the attack by land and sea; Mu Helin routed them at Shangtang Ridge and seized more than thirty warships. Jingzhong's general Peng Guoming lined up five thousand men along the Ou River. Mu Helin struck hard at Baodai Bridge, killed more than a thousand, and captured all their arms and banners; he then deployed along the riverbank and beat back every assault. Wenzhou was ringed by a moat fed from the Ou River and fitted with sluice gates to hold water; both sides fought over the gates, the rebels defended them stubbornly, and for a long time the army could not press the walls. Prince Kang Jieshu, then at Jinhua, ordered Fuleta and Mu Helin to take the city at once. Mu Helin said the city could not be taken without heavy cannon. In the fifteenth year the emperor rebuked the princes for dragging their feet, and the campaign still had nothing to show. The prince then impeached Mu Helin, Vice Commander Jiletabu, Provincial Commander Duan Yingju, and others for disobeying orders and hanging back, with punishment to be decided after the campaign. In the eighth month Prince Kang took Xianxia Pass from Quzhou and Jingzhong surrendered; Yangxing, Hongxun, and others were sent to Fuzhou, and Mu Helin was ordered into Fujian to garrison Yanping.

鄭錦使其將吳淑、吳潛自邵武來攻，穆赫林擊之浦塘隘口，陣斬其將楊大任等，乘勝复邵武、汀州二府及所屬縣。錦屢犯泉州，复侵潮州，穆赫林與副都統沃申、總兵馬三奇等分兵赴之，屢捷。十七年，錦犯海澄，穆赫林與海澄公黃芳世率兵迎擊於灣腰樹，戰失利，退保海澄。錦复糾眾環偪，據高阜瞰城中，砲石交下，穆赫林與應舉協力固守，糧盡，身負重創，未幾城陷，乃與應舉自經死。事平，吏議穆赫林徵溫州師無功，守海澄聞援且至，不能突圍出，當奪官及世職，籍其家，上以穆赫林有戰功，貰籍沒，命其從子赫達色襲爵。世宗時，詔與應舉併入祀昭忠祠。

Zheng Jing sent Wu Shu and Wu Qian against him from Shaowu; at Putang Pass Mu Helin killed their general Yang Daren and others in battle, then swept on to recover Shaowu and Tingzhou and their counties. Zheng Jing repeatedly struck Quanzhou and raided Chaozhou; Mu Helin, Vice Commander Woshen, Regional Commander Ma Sanqi, and others divided their forces to meet him and won again and again. In the seventeenth year Zheng Jing attacked Haicheng; Mu Helin and Duke of Haicheng Huang Fangshi met him at Wanyao Tree, were beaten, and fell back to defend the city. Zheng Jing massed his forces, seized the heights above the city, and poured down shot and stones. Mu Helin and Duan Yingju held out together until grain ran out and Mu Helin was badly wounded; when the city soon fell, both men hanged themselves. After peace returned, officials judged that Mu Helin had failed at Wenzhou and, though relief was near during the siege of Haicheng, had not broken out; he should lose office, hereditary rank, and property. The emperor, weighing his earlier battle honors, spared confiscation and had his clansman Hedase inherit the title. Under the Yongzheng Emperor an edict enrolled him and Duan Yingju together in the Shrine of Manifest Loyalty.

=段應舉=段應舉，漢軍鑲藍旗人。父思信，明廣寧千總。太祖取廣寧，來降，予世職備禦。卒，應舉襲。從端重親王博洛討叛將薑瓖，攻汾州及太谷，克之。復從貝勒屯齊徵湖南，屢有功。累擢鑲藍旗漢軍梅勒額真，進世職二等阿達哈哈番。偕鎮國將軍王國光赴廣東，駐防潮州。康熙三年，剿叛將蘇利於南塘鋪，賊敗遁，复碣石衛。敘功，進世職一等。尋署山東提督。十三年，率兵赴杭州剿禦耿精忠，授福建提督。擊賊仙居、黃岩、太平、樂清，進圍溫州，皆捷。十五年，從康親王徵福建，精忠降。時鄭錦據漳、泉、興化，與將軍拉哈達合兵進剿，復興化、泉州二城。復分兵定漳州及海澄等縣，應舉進駐海澄。十七年，劉國軒、吳淑等陷平和，穆赫林戰失利，詔責應舉不能平賊，調江寧提督楊捷代之，應舉仍以副都統從征。尋城陷，死之。

Duan Yingju, a Han Chinese bannerman of the Bordered Blue Banner. His father Sixin had been a Ming battalion commander at Guangning. When the Taizu Emperor captured Guangning he surrendered and was given a hereditary frontier-defense post. When he died, Yingju inherited the post. He followed Prince Duanzhong Bolo against the rebel Jiang Xiang, took Fenyang and Taigu, and captured both. He later served under Prince Tunqi in Hunan and distinguished himself repeatedly. He rose to meyendargen of the Bordered Blue Han Banner and was advanced in hereditary rank to second-class adaha gūsai. He went to Guangdong with Prince of the State Wang Guoguang and was stationed on coastal defense at Chaozhou. In the third year of Kangxi he routed the rebel Su Li at Nantangpu; the enemy fled and Jieshi Guard was recovered. For his service his hereditary rank was raised to first class. He soon served as acting Shandong provincial commander. In the thirteenth year he marched to Hangzhou against Geng Jingzhong and was appointed Fujian provincial commander. He fought through Xianju, Huangyan, Taiping, and Yueqing and pressed the siege of Wenzhou, winning every engagement. In the fifteenth year he followed Prince Kang into Fujian, and Geng Jingzhong surrendered. Zheng Jing still held Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, and Xinghua; Yingju joined General Lahada, advanced against him, and recovered Xinghua and Quanzhou. He then split his forces to secure Zhangzhou and counties including Haicheng, and Yingju moved in to garrison Haicheng. In the seventeenth year Liu Guoxuan and Wu Shu took Pinghe and Mu Helin was beaten; the court blamed Yingju for failing to finish off the rebels, replaced him with Jiangning commander Yang Jie, and kept Yingju on campaign as a vice commander. When the city soon fell, he died defending it.

=【論】=論曰：鄭氏為海疆患三十餘年，捷、正色扞衛艱難，內定泉、漳，外收金、廈；英、理遂佐施琅越海恢疆，而理尤忠奮，稱虎將。方鄭氏亂時，有自海上降者，輒優以封爵，林興珠為建義侯，鄭鴻逵為奉化伯，周全斌為承恩伯，鄭纘緒為慕恩伯，梧最先降，授成功舊封。子芳世殉漳州，以忠延世。穆赫林等死海澄，孤城抗節，亦自有足稱者。悍寇死戰，御之艱，克之尤偉矣！

Commentary: The Zheng family plagued the coast for more than thirty years. Yang Jie and Wan Zhengse bore the brunt of the defense, pacifying Quanzhou and Zhangzhou inland while recovering Kinmen and Xiamen at sea; Wu Ying and Lan Li then helped Shi Lang cross the sea to recover the coast, and Li in particular was so loyal and fierce that men called him a tiger general. During the Zheng rebellion, defectors from the sea were generously ennobled: Lin Xingzhu as Marquis of Jianyi, Zheng Hongkui as Baron of Fenghua, Zhou Quanbin as Baron of Chengen, Zheng Zuoxu as Baron of Muen. Wu was the first to surrender and received Chenggong's former title. His son Fangshi died for the cause at Zhangzhou, and loyalty carried the line forward. Mu Helin and the others who died at Haicheng held a lone city to the end; that too deserves honor. Against enemies who fought to the death, defense was hard—but victory was all the more glorious!

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