1
張玉書，字素存，江南丹徒人。 父九徵，字湘曉。 順治二年，舉鄉試第一。 九年，成進士。 博學礪行，精春秋三傳，尤邃於史。 歷吏部文選郎中。 出為河南提學僉事，考績最，當超擢，遽引疾歸。
Zhang Yushu, whose courtesy name was Sucun, came from Dantu in Jiangnan. His father Jiuzheng used the courtesy name Xiangxiao. In Shunzhi year 2, he ranked first in the provincial civil service examination. In year 9 he passed the metropolitan examination and received the jinshi degree. Learned and upright, he excelled in the Three Commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals and was especially deep in historical studies. He held the post of Director in the Ministry of Personnel's Bureau of Appointments. Posted as Educational Intendant of Henan, he earned the top rating in his review and was slated for rapid promotion, yet he at once cited illness and retired.
2
玉書，順治十八年進士，選庶吉士，授編修。 累遷左庶子，充日講起居注官。 康熙十九年，以進講稱旨，加詹事銜。 二十年，擢內閣學士，充經筵講官。 尋遷禮部侍郎，兼翰林院掌院學士。 三籓平，有請行封禪者，玉書建議駁之，事遂寢。 二十三年，丁父憂，上遣內閣學士王鴻緒至邸賜奠。 服闋，即家起刑部尚書，調兵部。
Zhang Yushu passed as jinshi in Shunzhi 18, entered the Hanlin Academy as a Bachelor, and received appointment as Compiler. He rose step by step to Left Sub-Reader and served as Daily Lecturer and Recorder of the Emperor's Movements. In Kangxi 19 his lectures won the Emperor's approval, and he was granted the additional rank of Junior Tutor. In year 20 he was elevated to Grand Secretariat Academician and made a lecturer at the Classics Colloquium. He was soon moved to Vice Minister of Rites while also serving as Chancellor of the Hanlin Academy. After the Three Feudatories rebellion was crushed, some urged the Feng and Shan rites; Zhang Yushu submitted a memorial opposing them, and the proposal lapsed. In year 23, while mourning his father, he received an imperial gift when Grand Secretariat Academician Wang Hongxu was sent to his home to offer sacrifice. After the mourning period he was called from home to Minister of Justice and then shifted to the Ministry of War.
3
二十七年，河道總督靳輔奏中河工成。 時學士開音布往勘稱善，監高郵石工，疏請閉塞支河口為中河蓄水。 上以於成龍嘗奏輔開中河無益累民，今中河工成，乃命玉書偕尚書圖納等往勘，並遍察毛城鋪、高家堰及海口狀。 瀕行，上謂玉書曰：「此行當秉公陳奏，毋效熊一瀟託故推諉為也。」 玉書等還奏：「勘閱河形，黃河西岸出水高。 年來水大，未溢出岸上，知河身並未淤塞。 海口岸寬二三里，河流入海無所阻。 中河工成，舟楫往來，免涉黃河一百八十里之險。 但與黃河逼，河寬固不可，狹又不能容運河及駱馬湖之水。 擬請於蕭家渡、楊家莊增建減水壩，相時宣洩。 閉塞支河口，應如開音布議。」 上悉從之。
In Kangxi 27, Canal Director Jin Fu reported completion of the Middle Canal project. Academician Kaiyebu inspected the works, approved them, oversaw the Gaoyou stone project, and petitioned to seal the branch outlet to impound water for the Middle Canal. Since Yu Chenglong had once argued that Jin Fu's Middle Canal would only harm the people, the Emperor now that the canal was finished sent Zhang Yushu with Minister Tuna and others to inspect it and survey Maochengpu, Gaojiayan, and the estuary as well. Before he left, the Emperor told Zhang Yushu: "Report fairly on this tour; do not emulate Xiong Yixiao and dodge duty with pretexts." Zhang Yushu and his party reported back: "In our inspection of the river, the outflow on the Yellow River's west bank stood high. Heavy flows in recent years have not topped the banks, which shows the channel is not choked with silt. At the mouth the shore spans two or three li, and the river meets no barrier as it reaches the sea. Now that the Middle Canal is finished, traffic avoids the hundred-and-eighty-li hazard of the Yellow River. Yet it hugs the Yellow River: widening it is impossible, while a narrow bed cannot take both Grand Canal water and Luoma Lake overflow. We propose new spill dams at Xiaojiadu and Yangjiazhuang to release water when needed. Sealing the branch outlet should follow Kaiyebu's recommendation." The Emperor accepted all of this.
4
浙江巡撫金鋐以民杜光遇陳訴駐防滿洲兵擾民，下布政使李之粹察訊。 之粹諮杭州將軍郭丕請申禁，郭丕以聞。 上遣尚書熊賜履往按，賜履丁憂去，改命玉書。 尋調禮部。 二十八年，上南巡，駐蹕蘇州，玉書還奏杜光遇無其人，所陳訴皆虛妄。 金鋐、李之粹皆坐奪官，流徙。 二十九年，拜文華殿大學士，兼戶部尚書。
Zhejiang Governor Jin Hong forwarded a complaint by Du Guangyu that Manchu garrison troops were molesting civilians, and ordered Provincial Commissioner Li Zhicui to investigate. Li Zhicui asked Hangzhou General Guo Pi to issue a ban, and Guo Pi reported to the throne. The Emperor sent Minister Xiong Cilu to look into the matter; when Cilu withdrew for mourning, Zhang Yushu was appointed in his place. He was soon moved to the Ministry of Rites. In year 28, during the southern tour with the court at Suzhou, Zhang Yushu reported that there was no such person as Du Guangyu and that every allegation was fabricated. Jin Hong and Li Zhicui were both dismissed and banished. In year 29 he became Grand Secretary of the Wenhua Hall while also serving as Minister of Revenue.
5
三十一年，靳輔奏高家堰加築小堤，復命玉書偕圖納往勘。 還言：「曩者黃漲，淮流被逼，故洪澤湖水視昔為高。 今擬築堤，距高家堰甚近； 若水漲，則高家堰大堤且不保，築小堤何益？ 因條列高家堰河工，自史家刮至周橋一萬四百馀丈，宜築堤三官廟。 諸口宜改石工。 今擬築小堤處，宜令河臣每歲親勘。」 上深然之。
In Kangxi 31, Jin Fu proposed supplementary embankments at Gaojiayan, and Zhang Yushu was again sent with Tuna to inspect. He reported: "When the Yellow River swelled in the past, it pressed the Huai aside, so Hongze Lake stood higher than it once had. The plan now is to build dikes very near Gaojiayan; should floods come, even the main Gaojiayan embankment may fail—what good are minor dikes then? He listed Gaojiayan works from Shijiagua to Zhouqiao—more than ten thousand four hundred zhang—and urged diking at Sanguanmiao. Every breach should be faced with stone. Where small dikes were proposed, canal officers should make annual inspections in person." The Emperor strongly agreed.
6
三十五年，上親征噶爾丹，玉書扈行，預參帷幄。 師次克魯倫河，噶爾丹北竄，大將軍費揚古截擊，斬殺幾盡，噶爾丹僅以身免。 玉書率百官上賀。 三十六年，充平定朔漠方略總裁官。 丁母憂，遣官賜祭，並賜御書松廕堂榜。 三十八年，上南巡，玉書迎謁，賜賚有加。 三十九年，服未闋，召至京，入閣視事。 四十年，扈駕南巡，駐蹕江寧，召試士子，命為閱卷官。 御舟次高資港，玉書奏言前去鎮江不遠，請幸江天寺，留駐數日，上為留一日。
In Kangxi 35 the Emperor led a campaign against Galdan; Zhang Yushu followed the court and joined pre-battle planning. At the Kerulen the army halted; Galdan fled north, but Field Marshal Fiyanggū cut him off and slaughtered nearly his entire force, leaving Galdan to flee alone. Zhang Yushu led the civil and military officials in presenting congratulations. In year 36 he was appointed chief compiler of the Veritable Records of the Pacification of the Northern Deserts. When his mother died, the court sent officers to sacrifice and bestowed an imperial plaque reading Songyin Tang. In Kangxi 38, during the southern tour, Zhang Yushu came forward to welcome the Emperor and received added gifts. In year 39, though mourning was unfinished, he was called to Beijing to join the Grand Council. In year 40 he followed the southern tour; at Jiangning the Emperor tested scholars and named Zhang Yushu chief examiner. At Gaozigang Zhang Yushu noted that Zhenjiang was near and asked the Emperor to visit Jiangtian Temple and remain several days; the Emperor stayed one day.
7
四十六年，河道總督張鵬翮請開溜淮套河，上南巡，次清口勘視，見所樹標竿多在民塚，召鵬翮極斥其非。 玉書奏曰：「向者老人白英議引汶水南北分流，不若別作壩引汶水通漕，其下流專以淮水敵黃。 黃水趨海，此萬世利也。」 上善其言，遂諭鵬翮罷開溜淮套，事具鵬翮傳。
In Kangxi 46, Canal Director Zhang Penghe proposed opening the Liuhuaitao channel; on the southern tour at Qingkou the Emperor found survey stakes driven through villagers' tombs and summoned Penghe for a severe reprimand. Zhang Yushu argued: "Bai Ying once urged splitting the Wen north and south; better to build a separate dam to feed the canal from the Wen and let the Huai alone hold back the Yellow below. Driving Yellow River water to the sea would profit posterity forever." The Emperor praised this and ordered Penghe to drop the Liuhuaitao project, as related in Penghe's biography.
8
四十九年，以疾乞休，溫旨慰留。 五十年，從幸熱河，甫至疾作，遂卒，年七十，上深惜之，親制輓詩，賜白金千。 命內務府監製棺槨衾絞，驛送其喪還京師，加贈太子太保，諡文貞。 五十二年，上追念舊勞，擢其子編修逸少為侍讀學士。
In year 49 he asked to retire for illness; the Emperor sent a gracious edict asking him to stay. In year 50, on the Rehe tour, he fell ill as soon as he arrived and died at seventy; the Emperor mourned deeply, wrote an elegy himself, and gave a thousand taels of silver. The Imperial Household was ordered to furnish coffin and shroud, his body was relayed to Beijing, he was posthumously made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and honored with the posthumous name Wenzhen. In year 52, remembering his long service, the Emperor promoted his son Compiler Yishao to Reader-in-Waiting.
9
玉書謹慎廉潔，居政地二十年，遠避權勢，門無雜賓，從容密勿，為聖祖所親任。 自奉儉約，飲食服禦，略如寒素。 雍正中，入祀賢良祠。
Zhang Yushu was prudent and scrupulously honest; twenty years at the summit of government he shunned faction, kept no dubious visitors, and with steady counsel won the Kangxi Emperor's deep trust. He lived plainly himself—meals and dress scarcely above a scholar in want. Under Yongzheng he was enshrined in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen.
10
李天馥，字湘北，河南永城人。 先世在明初以軍功得世襲廬州衛指揮僉事，家合肥。 有族子佔永城衛籍，天馥以其籍舉鄉試。 順治十五年，成進士，選庶吉士，授檢討。 博聞約取，究心經世之學，名藉甚。 累擢內閣學士，充經筵講官。 每侍直，有所見，悉陳無隱，聖祖器之，康熙十九年夏，旱，命偕大學士明珠會三法司慮囚，有矜疑者，悉從末減。 尋擢戶部侍郎，調吏部。 杜絕苞苴，嚴峻一無所私，銓政稱平。 二十七年，遷工部尚書。 河道總督靳輔議築高家堰重堤，束水出清口，停濬海口； 於成龍主疏濬下河。 上召二人詣京師入對，仍各持一說，下廷臣詳議，天馥謂下河海口當濬，高家堰重堤宜停築，上然之。 歷刑、兵、吏諸部。
Li Tianfu, courtesy name Xiangbei, was from Yongcheng in Henan. An ancestor in early Ming earned by military merit the hereditary post of Assistant Commander of the Luzhou Guard; the family lived in Hefei. A kinsman held Yongcheng Guard household registration, which Tianfu used to sit for the provincial exam. In Shunzhi 15 he passed as jinshi, entered the Hanlin as a Bachelor, and was made Reviser. Learned yet discriminating, he devoted himself to practical statecraft and enjoyed great renown. He rose to Grand Secretariat Academician and lectured at the Classics Colloquium. On duty he spoke his mind without reserve and won the Emperor's esteem. In the drought summer of Kangxi 19 he joined Grand Secretary Mingzhu and the Three Judicial Offices to review prisoners, commuting every doubtful case to a lighter sentence. He was soon made Vice Minister of Revenue, then moved to Personnel. He refused all gifts, brooked no favoritism, and his appointments won a reputation for fairness. In year 27 he became Minister of Works. Jin Fu urged a massive Gaojiayan embankment to force water through Qingkou and halt estuary dredging; Yu Chenglong favored dredging the lower reach. Both were called to Beijing to debate; still at odds, the case went to the full court. Tianfu argued for dredging the lower river and mouth and against Jin Fu's heavy dike; the Emperor agreed. He served in turn at Justice, War, and Personnel.
11
三十一年，拜武英殿大學士。 上曰：「機務重任，不可用喜事人。 天馥老成清慎，學行俱優，朕知其必不生事。」 三十二年，以母憂回籍，上賜「貞松」榜御書，勉以儒者之學； 复謂：「天馥侍朕三十馀年，未嘗有失。 三年易過，命懸缺以待。」 三十四年，服將闋，起故官，入閣視事。 上親征厄魯特，平定朔漠，兵革甫息，天馥務以清靜和平，與民休息。 嘗謂：「變法不如守法。 奉行成憲，不失尺寸，乃所以報也。」 三十八年，卒，諡文定。
In year 31 he was made Grand Secretary of the Wuying Hall. The Emperor said: "Critical duties must not go to men who court novelty. Tianfu is mature, upright, and careful, excellent in learning and conduct—I know he will never stir trouble." In year 32, mourning his mother, he went home; the Emperor gave him the plaque Chaste Pine and urged Confucian self-cultivation; adding: "Tianfu has served me over thirty years without a single lapse. Three years pass quickly—keep his seat open until he returns." In year 34, as mourning neared its end, he resumed his old post and rejoined the Grand Council. After the Emperor's campaigns against the Eleuths and pacification of the north, Tianfu pressed for calm so the people could recover. He once said: "Reforming statutes is worse than upholding them. Following the code to the inch—that is how one discharges one's debt to the throne." In year 38 he died and received the posthumous name Wending.
12
天馥在位，留意人才，嘗應詔舉彭鵬、陸隴其、邵嗣堯，卒為名臣。 為學士時，冬月慮囚，有知縣李方廣坐當死，天馥言其有才，得緩決，尋以赦免。 刑部囚多瘐斃，為庀屋材，多為之所，別罪之輕重以居，活者尤眾。 事親孝，居喪廬墓，有雙白燕飛至，不去，人名其居為白燕廬。 子孚青，進士，官編修。 父喪歸，不復出。
In office he cultivated talent; answering an imperial summons he recommended Peng Peng, Lu Longqi, and Shao Siyao, each later a noted minister. As Academician, reviewing winter prisoners, he spared magistrate Li Fanguang, whom he called talented though condemned to death; Li was soon pardoned. At Justice many inmates died of jail fever; he procured timber, built more wards, and sorted prisoners by severity, saving a great many lives. Devoted to his parents, he mourned at the grave; two white swallows came and would not leave, and people called his lodge White Swallow Hut. His son Fuzing was a jinshi and held the post of Compiler. After his father's death he went home and never took office again.
13
吳琠，字伯美，山西沁州人。 順治十六年進士，授河南確山知縣。 縣遭明季流寇殘破，琠拊流亡，闢蕪廢，墾田歲增，捕獲盜魁誅之。 師下雲南，縣當孔道，輿馬糧餉，先事籌辦而民不擾。 康熙十三年，以卓異入為吏部主事，歷郎中。 累遷通政司右參議。 刑部尚書魏象樞亟稱其賢。 二十年，特擢右通政，累遷左副都御史。 疏請復督撫巡方，略言：「令甲，督撫於命下之日，即杜門屏客； 蒞任，守令不得參謁。 凡有舉劾，惟據道府揭報，愛憎毀譽，真偽相亂，督撫無由知。 革火耗而火耗愈甚，禁私派而私派愈增。 請敕督撫親歷各屬，以知守令賢否。 或謂巡方恐勞擾百姓，夫督撫賢，則必能禁迎送、卻供應； 如其不肖，雖端坐會城，而暮夜之餽踵至，豈獨巡方足以勞民哉？」 又言：「巡撫及巡守道無一旅之衛，而提鎮各建高牙。 前撫臣如馬雄鎮，道臣如陳啟泰，懷忠秉義，向使各有兵馬，奚至束手？ 宜及此時復舊制，使巡撫、巡守道仍各管兵馬。 減提督，增總兵，以一鎮之兵酌分數鎮，聽督撫節制。」
Wu Tian, courtesy name Bomei, was from Qinzhou in Shanxi. In Shunzhi 16 he passed as jinshi and was appointed magistrate of Queshan in Henan. The county lay in ruins from late-Ming rebels; Wu Tian resettled refugees, reopened wasteland, and yearly acreage grew; he seized and executed bandit chiefs. When troops advanced on Yunnan the county sat on the supply route; he prepared transport and provisions ahead of time without troubling the people. In Kangxi 13, rated outstanding, he entered Beijing as a Principal Clerk in Personnel and rose to Director. He was promoted in turn to Right Vice Commissioner of the Office of Transmission. Minister of Justice Wei Xiangqi often commended his ability. In year 20 he was specially promoted to Right Vice Commissioner of Transmission, then rose to Left Vice Censor-in-Chief. He petitioned to restore provincial tours, writing in part: "Regulations require that from the day of appointment governors-general and governors shut their gates to callers; once in post, prefects and magistrates may not present themselves. Promotions and impeachments rest solely on circuit and prefectural memorials, where favor and slander mingle truth with lies beyond a governor's ken. Banning meltage fees only made them heavier; forbidding unauthorized surcharges only swelled them. He asked that governors-general and governors tour their jurisdictions in person to judge local officials. Critics feared tours would burden the people; but worthy governors can forbid lavish welcomes and refuse gifts; unworthy ones, though they never leave the capital, still receive nightly bribes—is touring alone what harms the people?" He added: "Governors and surveillance commissioners lack even a company of guards, while regional commanders maintain grand headquarters. Governors like Ma Xiongzhen and commissioners like Chen Qitai were loyal and upright; with troops of their own they need not have been helpless. He urged restoring the old system so governors and surveillance commissioners again commanded troops. Cut provincial commanders, add regional commanders, divide one command's forces among several posts, and place them under governors' control."
14
二十八年，遷兵部侍郎，尋授湖廣巡撫。 湖北自裁兵亂後，奸猾率指仇人為亂黨，株連不已，琠悉置不問，而懲其妄訐者，人心大定。 陝西飢，流民入湖廣就食，令有司分賑，全活甚眾。 三十一年，詔以荊州兵船運漕米十萬石至襄陽備賑，琠議：「兵船泊大江下至漢口受米，復西上抵襄陽，計程二千馀裡。 令原運漕船若乘夏水順道赴襄陽，僅七百馀裡，即以便宜行事。」 疏入，上嘉之。 未幾，丁母憂，服未闋，即授湖廣總督，仍聽終制乃赴任。 故事，土司見州縣吏不敢抗禮，其後大吏稍稍假借之。 琠至，絕餽遺，飭謁見長吏悉循舊制，或犯約束，檄諭之，無敢肆者。
In year 28 he became Vice Minister of War, then Governor of Huguang. After troop cuts in Hubei, schemers denounced rivals as rebels in endless chains; Wu Tian dismissed such cases and punished false accusers, greatly calming the province. When Shaanxi starved, refugees streamed into Huguang; he ordered district relief and saved countless lives. In year 31 the court ordered Jingzhou war junks to carry a hundred thousand shi of tribute grain to Xiangyang for famine relief; Wu Tian argued: "War boats must sail the Yangtze to Hankou, then west to Xiangyang—over two thousand li. Let the regular tribute fleet use summer floods straight to Xiangyang—only seven hundred-odd li—and act on that expedient." The Emperor praised the memorial. Soon mourning his mother; though mourning was unfinished he was named Governor-General of Huguang but allowed to complete mourning first. By custom native chieftains bowed to county officials; later senior officers gradually indulged them. Wu Tian refused all gifts and required chieftains to observe old protocol with superiors; violators were warned by edict and none dared defy him.
15
三十五年，召為左都御史。 三十六年，典會試。 上北征回鑾，顧迎駕諸臣，褒琠及河道總督張鵬翮居官之廉，即擢琠為刑部尚書，而以鵬翮為左都御史。 三十七年，拜保和殿大學士，兼刑部。 琠熟諳舊章，參決庶務，靡不允當。 奏對皆竭忱悃，上每稱善。 所薦引多賢能吏。
In year 35 he was recalled as Left Censor-in-Chief. In year 36 he served as chief metropolitan examiner. Returning from campaign, the Emperor praised Wu Tian and Zhang Penghe for clean government, promoting Tian to Minister of Justice and Penghe to Left Censor-in-Chief. In year 37 he became Grand Secretary of the Baohe Hall while retaining the Ministry of Justice. Deep in old regulations, his judgments on routine business were invariably sound. In audience he spoke with complete candor, which the Emperor often commended. Most of his recommendations proved able men.
16
三十九年，复典會試，上手書「風度端凝」榜賜之。 尋具疏乞休，不允。 上嘗臨米芾書以賜琠，書其后曰：「吳琠寬厚和平，持己清廉。 先任封疆，軍民受其實惠。 朝中之事，面折廷諍，能得其正。 朕甚重其能得大臣之體。」 四十四年，卒，諡文端。 翰林院撰祭文，上以為未能盡琠，敕改撰。 吏部奏大學士缺員，上以琠喪未歸，懸缺未即別除，曰：「朕心不忍也。」
In year 39 he again ran the metropolitan exam; the Emperor wrote and gave him the plaque "Demeanor dignified and composed." He soon petitioned to retire; the request was denied. The Emperor once gifted him Mi Fu's calligraphy and inscribed: "Wu Tian is generous and mild, upright and incorrupt. On the frontier he had brought real benefit to soldiers and civilians. At court he debated frankly and hit the mark. I greatly esteem his bearing as a great minister." In year 44 he died and received the posthumous name Wenduan. The Hanlin's elegy failed to satisfy the Emperor, who ordered a rewrite. Personnel reported a Grand Secretary vacancy; with Tian's body not yet home the post was left open; the Emperor said: "My heart cannot bear to fill it yet."
17
琠所至多惠政，兩湖及確山皆祠祀。 初，沁州薦飢，琠糴米賑之，全活無算。 有司議增沁糧一千三百石，琠力爭乃已。 鄉人德之，立祠以祀。 雍正中，祀賢良祠。
Wherever he served he left benevolent rule; Huguang and Queshan both erected temples to him. When Qinzhou first suffered famine he bought rice for relief and saved untold lives. Officials wanted to add thirteen hundred shi to Qinzhou's grain quota; Wu Tian fought the measure off. His countrymen in gratitude built a temple in his honor. Under Yongzheng he was enshrined in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen.
18
張英，字敦复，江南桐城人。 康熙六年進士，選庶吉士。 父憂歸，服闋，授編修，充日講起居注官。 累遷侍讀學士。 十六年，聖祖命擇詞臣諄謹有學者日侍左右，設南書房。 命英入直，賜第西安門內。 詞臣賜居禁城自此始。 時方討三籓，軍書旁午，上日禦乾清門聽政後，即幸懋勤殿，與儒臣講論經義。 英率辰入暮出，退或復宣召，輟食趨宮門，慎密恪勤，上益器之。 幸南苑及巡行四方，必以英從。 一時制誥，多出其手。
Zhang Ying, courtesy name Dunfu, came from Tongcheng in Jiangnan. In Kangxi 6 he passed as jinshi and entered the Hanlin Academy. After mourning his father he returned to service as Compiler and Daily Lecturer and Recorder. He rose to Reader-in-Waiting. In Kangxi 16 the Emperor chose earnest, learned literary officials for daily attendance and founded the Southern Study. Zhang Ying entered on duty and received a house inside Xi'an Gate. Court writers living inside the Forbidden City began with him. While the Three Feudatories were being crushed, the Emperor after morning audience at Qianqing Gate went to Maqin Hall to discuss classics with scholars. Zhang Ying came at dawn and left at dusk, sometimes recalled after hours, skipping meals to reach the gate—discreet and tireless—and won deeper favor. On southern park outings and travels everywhere, Zhang Ying always accompanied him. Many imperial proclamations of the day bore his pen.
19
遷翰林院學士，兼禮部侍郎。 二十年，以葬父乞假，優詔允之，賜白金五百、表裡緞二十，予其父秉彝卹典視英官。 英歸，築室龍眠山中，居四年，起故官。 遷兵部侍郎，調禮部，兼管詹事府。 充經筵講官，奏進孝經衍義，命刊布。 二十八年，擢工部尚書，兼翰林院掌院學士，仍管詹事府。 調禮部，兼官如故。 編修楊瑄撰都統、一等公佟國綱祭文失辭，坐奪官流徙； 斥英不詳審，罷尚書，仍管翰林院、詹事府，教習庶吉士。 尋复官，充國史、一統志、淵鑑類函、政治典訓、平定朔漠方略總裁官。 三十六年，典會試。 尋以疾乞休，不允。 三十八年，拜文華殿大學士，兼禮部。
He became Hanlin Chancellor and Vice Minister of Rites. In year 20, seeking leave to bury his father, he received gracious approval, five hundred taels, twenty bolts of satin, and funeral honors for his father Bingyi matching his own rank. He built a lodge in the Longmian hills, stayed four years, then resumed office. He moved to War, then Rites, while supervising the Directorate of Education. As Classics Colloquium lecturer he submitted the Extended Meaning of the Filial Classic for publication. In year 28 he became Minister of Works and Hanlin Chancellor, still overseeing the Directorate. He shifted to Rites while keeping his other posts. Compiler Yang Xuan's elegy for Commandery Commander First-rank Duke Tong Guogang used faulty wording; he was dismissed and banished; Zhang Ying was faulted for lax review, stripped of his ministry, but kept Hanlin, the Directorate, and tutoring bachelors. Soon reinstated, he headed compilations of the National History, Gazetteer, historical mirror, political institutions, and northern campaign records. In year 36 he ran the metropolitan examination. He soon asked to retire for illness; the request was denied. In year 38 he became Grand Secretary of the Wenhua Hall and Minister of Rites.
20
英性和易，不務表襮，有所薦舉，終不使其人知。 所居無赫赫名。 在講筵，民生利病，四方水旱，知無不言。 聖祖嘗語執政：「張英始終敬慎，有古大臣風。」 四十年，以衰病求罷，詔許致仕。 瀕行，賜宴暢春園，敕部馳驛如製。 四十四年，上南巡，英迎駕淮安，賜御書榜額、白金千。 隨至江寧，上將旋蹕，以英懇奏，允留一日。 時總督阿山欲加錢糧耗銀供南巡費，江寧知府陳鵬年持不可，阿山怒鵬年，欲因是罪之，供張故不辦； 左右又中以蜚語，禍將不測。 及英入見，上問江南廉吏，首舉鵬年，阿山意為沮，鵬年以是受知於上為名臣。 四十六年，上复南巡，英迎駕清江浦，仍隨至江寧，賜賚有加。
Easy in temperament and free of ostentation, he never told those he recommended. He made no show of renown. At the lecture seat he spoke on livelihood, public welfare, and drought and flood wherever he knew of them. The Kangxi Emperor told his ministers: "Zhang Ying has always been reverent and cautious, with the air of a statesman of old." In year 40, aged and ill, he sought release; retirement was granted. Before leaving he was feasted at Changchun Garden and given relay transport by decree. In year 44, on the southern tour, he welcomed the Emperor at Huai'an and received an imperial plaque and a thousand taels. He followed to Jiangning; as the Emperor prepared to return, Zhang Ying's earnest plea won one more day. Governor-General Ashan wanted extra meltage on grain tax for tour costs; Prefect Chen Pengnian refused; Ashan meant to ruin him and left supplies unprepared; court slander nearly destroyed Pengnian. At audience the Emperor asked for honest Jiangnan officials; Zhang Ying named Pengnian first; Ashan's plot failed and Pengnian became a famed minister. In year 46, on another southern tour, Zhang Ying met him at Qingjiangpu, followed to Jiangning, and received added gifts.
21
英自壯歲即有田園之思，致政後，優游林下者七年。 為聰訓齋語、恆產瑣言，以務本力田、隨分知足誥誡子弟。 四十七年，卒，諡文端。 世宗讀書乾清宮，英嘗侍講經書，及即位，追念舊學，贈太子太傅，賜御書榜額揭諸祠宇。 雍正八年，入祀賢良祠。 高宗立，加贈太傅。
From youth he longed for country life; after retirement he spent seven peaceful years in the countryside. He wrote Congxun Studio Sayings and Trivial Words on Fixed Property, urging sons and brothers to farm, keep to essentials, and know contentment. In year 47 he died and received the posthumous name Wenduan. Yongzheng had studied in Qianqing Palace where Zhang Ying once lectured; on accession he posthumously made him Grand Tutor and gave an imperial plaque for his temple. In Yongzheng 8 he entered the Temple of Eminent Statesmen. When Qianlong ascended, he was further posthumously made Grand Tutor.
22
子廷瓚，字卣臣。 康熙十八年進士，自編修累官少詹事。 先英卒。 廷玉，自有傳。
His son Tingzan used the courtesy name Youchen. A jinshi of Kangxi 18, he rose from Compiler to Junior Tutor. He predeceased his father. Zhang Tingyu has a separate biography.
23
廷璐，字寶臣。 康熙五十七年，殿試一甲第二名進士，授編修，直南書房，遷侍講學士。 雍正元年，督學河南，坐事奪職。 尋起侍講，遷詹事。 兩督江蘇學政。 武進劉綸、長洲沈德潛皆出其門，並致通顯，有名於時。 進禮部侍郎，予告歸，卒。
Tinglu used the courtesy name Baochen. In Kangxi 57 he placed second in the top tier of the palace exam, became Compiler, served in the Southern Study, and rose to Lecturer. In Yongzheng 1, as Henan Educational Commissioner, he was dismissed for an offense. Soon restored as Lecturer, then Junior Tutor. He twice served as Jiangsu Educational Commissioner. His pupils Liu Lun of Wujin and Shen Deqian of Changzhou both rose to prominence. Promoted to Vice Minister of Rites, he retired home and died.
24
廷瑑，字桓臣。 雍正元年進士，自編修累官工部侍郎，充日講官。 起居注初無條例，廷瑑彖編載詳贍得體。 既擢侍郎，兼職如故。 終清世，已出翰林而仍職記註者惟廷瑑。 乾隆九年，改補內閣學士，兼禮部侍郎。 典試江西，移疾歸。 廷瑑彖性誠篤，細微必慎。 既歸，刻苦礪行，耿介不妄取。 三十九年，卒，年八十四。 上聞，顧左右曰：「張廷瑑兄弟皆舊臣賢者，今盡矣！ 安可得也？」 因嘆息久之。
Tingzhuan used the courtesy name Huanchen. A Yongzheng 1 jinshi, he rose from Compiler to Vice Minister of Works and Daily Lecturer. When the Record of the Emperor's Movements lacked rules, Tingzhuan compiled it in thorough, proper form. Promoted to Vice Minister, he kept his other posts. Through the Qing dynasty, Tingzhuan alone among those who had left the Hanlin still held the Recordership. In Qianlong 9 he became Grand Secretariat Academician and Vice Minister of Rites. He ran the Jiangxi provincial exam, then retired for illness. By nature Tingzhuan was sincere and meticulous in every detail. At home he disciplined himself rigorously, upright and accepting nothing unearned. In year 39 he died at eighty-four. On hearing the news the Emperor told his attendants: "The Zhang Tingzhuan brothers were worthy old servants—all gone now! Where will we find their like again?" He sighed at length.
25
廷璐子若需，進士，官侍講。 若需子曾敞，進士，官少詹事。
Tinglu's son Ruoxu was a jinshi and Lecturer. Ruoxu's son Zengchang was a jinshi and Junior Tutor.
26
自英後，以科第世其家，四世皆為講官。
After Zhang Ying the family held office through examinations for four generations, all as court lecturers.
27
陳廷敬，初名敬，字子端，山西澤州人。 順治十五年進士，選庶吉士。 是科館選，又有順天通州陳敬，上為加「廷」字以別之。 十八年，充會試同考官，尋授秘書院檢討。 康熙元年，假歸，四年，補原官。 累遷翰林院侍講學士，充日講起居注官。 十四年，擢內閣學士，兼禮部侍郎，充經筵講官，改翰林院掌院學士，教習庶吉士。 與學士張英日直弘德殿，聖祖器之，與英及掌院學士喇沙裡同賜貂皮五十、表裡緞各二。 十七年，命直南書房。 丁母憂，遣官慰問，賜茶酒。 服除，起故官。 二十一年，典會試。 滇南平，更定朝會燕饗樂章，命廷敬撰擬，下所司肄習。 遷禮部侍郎。
Chen Tingjing, originally named Jing, courtesy name Ziduan, came from Zezhou in Shanxi. A Shunzhi 15 jinshi, he entered the Hanlin as a Bachelor. That year another Chen Jing of Tongzhou was selected; the Emperor added "Ting" to his name to distinguish them. In year 18 he was associate metropolitan examiner, then Secretariat Reviser. In Kangxi 1 he went home on leave; in year 4 he resumed office. He rose to Hanlin Lecturer and served as Daily Lecturer and Recorder. In year 14 he became Grand Secretariat Academician and Vice Minister of Rites, Classics Colloquium lecturer, Hanlin Chancellor, and tutor to bachelors. With Zhang Ying he attended daily at Hongde Hall; the Emperor valued them and with Chancellor Lashali gave each fifty sables and two bolts of satin. In year 17 he entered the Southern Study. When his mother died, officers were sent to console him with tea and wine. After mourning he resumed his former post. In year 21 he ran the metropolitan examination. After Yunnan's pacification, court and banquet music was revised; Tingjing drafted the new scores for practice. He became Vice Minister of Rites.
28
二十三年，調吏部，兼管戶部錢法。 疏言：「自古鑄錢時輕時重，未有數十年而不改者。 向日銀一兩易錢千，今僅得九百，其故在毀錢鬻銅。 順治十年因錢賤壅滯，改舊重一錢者為一錢二分五釐，十七年又增為一錢四分，所以杜私鑄也。 今私鑄自如，應改重為輕，則毀錢不禁自絕。 產銅之地，宜停收稅，聽民開採，則銅日多，錢價益平。」 疏下部議行。
In year 23 he moved to Personnel while overseeing Revenue coinage. He wrote: "Coinage has always varied in weight; decades pass without reform. Once a tael bought a thousand cash; now only nine hundred—because people melt coins for copper. Shunzhi 10 raised coin weight from one to one-and-a-quarter qian; Shunzhi 17 to one-and-four qian—to stop private minting. Private minting persists; he urged lightening coins so melting would cease without bans. In copper districts he urged ending mining taxes so supply would grow and prices stabilize." The ministries adopted the memorial.
29
擢左都御史。 疏言：「古者衣冠、輿馬、服飾、器用，賤不得逾貴，小不得加大。 今等威未辨，奢侈未除，機絲所織，花草蟲魚，時新時異，轉相慕效。 由是富者黷貨無已，貧者恥其不如，冒利觸禁，其始由於不儉，其繼至於不廉。 請敕廷臣嚴申定制，以挽頹風。」 又言：「方今要務，首在督撫得人。 為督撫者，不以利欲動其心，然後能正身以董吏。 吏不以曲事上官為心，然後能加意於民； 民可徐得其養，養立而後教行。 宜飭督撫凡保薦州縣吏，必具列無加派火耗、無黷貨詞訟、無朘削富民。 每月吉集眾講解聖諭，使知功令之重在此。 而皇上考察督撫，則以潔己教吏，吏得一心養民教民為稱職，庶幾大法而小廉。」 又言：「水旱兇荒，堯、湯之世所不能盡無，惟備及於豫而周當其急，故民恃以無恐。 山東去年題報水災，戶部初議行令履勘，繼又行令分晰地畝高下，今年四月始行覆準蠲免。 如此其遲回者，所行之例則然耳。 臣愚以為被災分數既有冊結可據，即宜具覆豁免，上宣聖主勤民之意，下慰小民望澤之心，中不使吏胥緣為弊竇。」 疏並議行。
He became Left Censor-in-Chief. He wrote: "Anciently dress, carriages, and utensils kept inferiors below superiors. Rank and frugality collapsed; novelty in silk patterns spread by imitation. The rich spent endlessly; the poor imitated them into corruption, beginning in extravagance and ending in graft. He asked the court to enforce sumptuary law and reverse decline." He added: "The urgent need is worthy provincial governors. Governors unmoved by greed can correct themselves and supervise subordinates. Officials who need not flatter superiors can care for the people; the people can be nourished, and once nourished, instructed. He urged that recommendations list freedom from meltage surcharges, bribery, and extortion. Monthly lectures on the Sacred Edicts should show where official duty lies. The Emperor should judge governors by personal integrity and officials' care for the people—then law and honesty may align." He added: "Even Yao and Tang knew flood and famine; timely stores and swift relief keep the people unafraid. Shandong's flood report led Revenue to order surveys, then field classification—exemption was not confirmed until April. Such delay followed routine regulations alone. Since disaster shares were registered, he urged immediate exemption—proclaiming imperial care, comforting the people, and blocking clerkly abuse." Both memorials were adopted.
30
二十五年，遷工部尚書。 與學士徐乾學奏進鑑古輯覽，上嘉其有裨治化，命留覽。 時修輯三朝聖訓、政治典訓、方略、一統志、明史，廷敬並充總裁官。 累調戶、吏二部。 二十七年，法司逮問湖廣巡撫張汧，汧曾齎銀赴京行賄。 獄急，語涉廷敬及尚書徐乾學、詹事高士奇，上置勿問。 廷敬乃以父老，疏乞歸養，詔許解任，仍管修書事。
In year 25 he became Minister of Works. With Xu Qianxue he presented the Mirror of Antiquity Compendium; the Emperor praised its value and kept it for study. He headed compilations of the Three Reigns' Sacred Instructions, Political Institutions, strategic accounts, Gazetteer, and Ming History. He served at Revenue and Personnel in turn. In year 27 Governor Zhang Qian of Huguang was arrested for bringing silver to Beijing to bribe officials. The case implicated Tingjing, Xu Qianxue, and Gao Shiqi; the Emperor dropped the matter. Citing an aged father, he sought leave to nurse him; the court released him but kept him over book projects.
31
二十九年，起左都御史，遷工部尚書，調刑部。 丁父憂，服闋，授戶部尚書，調吏部。 四十二年，拜文淵閣大學士，兼吏部，仍直經筵。 四十四年，扈從南巡，召試士子，命閱卷。 四十九年，以疾乞休，允之。 會大學士張玉書卒，李光地病在告，召廷敬仍入閣視事。 五十一年，卒，上深惜之，親制輓詩一章，命皇三子允祉奠茶酒； 又命部院大臣會其喪，賜白金千，諡文貞。
In year 29 he returned as Left Censor-in-Chief, then Works, then Justice. After his father's mourning he became Minister of Revenue, then Personnel. In year 42 he became Wenyuange Grand Secretary and Minister of Personnel, still at the Classics Colloquium. In year 44 he followed the southern tour, tested scholars, and served as examiner. In year 49 he retired for illness; the request was granted. When Zhang Yushu died and Li Guangdi was ill, Tingjing was recalled to the Grand Council. In year 51 he died; the Emperor mourned, wrote an elegy, and ordered Prince Yin Zhi to offer sacrifice; ministers attended his funeral, he received a thousand taels, and the posthumous name Wenzhen.
32
廷敬初以賜石榴子詩受知聖祖，後進所著詩集，上稱其清雅醇厚，賜詩題卷端。 嘗召見問朝臣誰能詩者，以王士禎對，又舉汪琬應博學鴻儒，並以文學有名於時。 上御門召九卿舉廉吏，諸臣各有所舉，語未竟，上特問廷敬，廷敬奏：「知縣陸隴其、邵嗣堯皆清官，雖治狀不同，其廉則一也。」 乃皆擢御史。 始廷敬嘗亟稱兩人，或謂曰：「兩人廉而剛，剛易折，且多怨，恐及公。」 廷敬曰：「果賢歟，雖折且怨，庸何傷？」
He first won favor with a poem on imperial pomegranates; his collected verse the Emperor called elegant and pure, and inscribed the scroll. Asked which officials wrote poetry, he named Wang Shizhen and recommended Wang Wan for the erudite examination—both famed literati. At an imperial audience for honest officials, the Emperor asked Tingjing, who named magistrates Lu Longqi and Shao Siyao as equally incorrupt. Both were promoted to censor. He had long praised them; a friend warned that their stern integrity might harm him. Tingjing replied: "If they are truly worthy, what harm though they break and make enemies?"
33
溫達，費莫氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。 自筆帖式授都察院都事，遷戶部員外郎。 康熙十九年，授陝西道御史。 遷吏科給事中，兼管佐領。 授兵部督捕理事官。 三十五年，上親征噶爾丹，命溫達隨皇七子允祜、都統都爾瑪管鑲黃旗大營。 三十六年，擢內閣學士。 三十八年，遷戶部侍郎。 四十年，命赴山西、陝西察驗驛馬，還，授議政大臣。 雲貴總督巴錫劾游擊高鑑讞獄不當，並論提督李芳述徇隱，芳述亦劾巴錫，命溫達往按，鑑罪應徒，巴錫左遷，芳述罰俸。 四十一年，調吏部，擢左都御史。 四十二年，復命往貴州按威寧總兵孟大志侵餉，論罪如律。 四十三年，遷工部尚書，充經筵講官。 四十六年，授文華殿大學士，纂修國史、政治典訓、平定朔漠方略、大清一統志、明史，並充總裁。 五十年，命八旗及部院舉孝義，因諭曰：「孝為百行首。 如大學士溫達，尚書穆和倫、富寧安之孝，不特眾所知，朕亦深知之也。」 御製詩以賜，复褒其孝友。 五十三年，以老乞休，許致仕。 尋諭溫達雖老，尚自康健，命仍任大學士。 五十四年，卒，命皇子奠茶酒，賜祭葬，諡文簡。
Wenda of the Feimo clan was a Bordered Yellow Bannerman. From clerk he became Censorate Director of Affairs, then Revenue Vice Director. In Kangxi 19 he was Shaanxi Circuit Censor. He became Personnel Supervising Secretary and managed an assistant command. He was made War Ministry Commissioner for Pursuit Affairs. In Kangxi 35, on campaign against Galdan, Wenda followed Prince Yin You and Duerma managing the Bordered Yellow main camp. In year 36 he became Grand Secretariat Academician. In year 38 he became Vice Minister of Revenue. In year 40 he inspected relay horses in Shanxi and Shaanxi, then became Deliberative Minister. Governor-General Ba Xi and Commander Li Fangshu cross-impeached over a case; Wenda found Gao Jian guilty of penal servitude, demoted Ba Xi, and fined Fangshu. In year 41 he moved to Personnel and became Left Censor-in-Chief. In year 42 he investigated Meng Dazhi of Weining for embezzling military pay and punished him by law. In year 43 he became Minister of Works and Classics Colloquium lecturer. In year 46 he became Wenhua Grand Secretary and headed the National History, Political Institutions, northern campaign records, Qing Gazetteer, and Ming History. In year 50 the court sought models of filial piety; the Emperor said: "Filial piety heads all virtues. Grand Secretary Wenda and Ministers Mu Helun and Fu Ning'an are known to all for filial piety, and I know it well." The Emperor composed and bestowed a poem praising his filial piety and brotherly devotion. In year 53 he retired for age; permission was granted. Soon the Emperor, finding him still healthy, ordered him to remain Grand Secretary. In year 54 he died; princes sacrificed, funeral honors were granted, and he received the posthumous name Wenjian.
34
穆和倫，喜塔臘氏，滿洲鑲藍旗人。 自兵部筆帖式四遷為御史，又三遷為內閣學士。 命往山東察賑，自泰安至郯城。 康熙四十三年，遷工部侍郎。 四十八年，授禮部尚書。 四十九年，調戶部。 上稱穆和倫孝，其母年已九十，御書「北堂眉壽」榜賜之。 兩江總督噶禮與巡撫張伯行互劾，命穆和倫往按，右噶禮，上責其是非顛倒，終直伯行。 尋以老病乞休，復起授戶部尚書。 坐事當左遷。 尋卒。
Mu Helun of the Xitala clan was a Bordered Blue Bannerman. From War Ministry clerk he rose through four steps to Censor and three more to Grand Secretariat Academician. He inspected famine relief in Shandong from Tai'an to Yancheng. In Kangxi 43 he became Vice Minister of Works. In year 48 he became Minister of Rites. In year 49 he moved to Revenue. The Emperor praised Mu Helun's filial piety; his mother was ninety, and he gave her the plaque North Hall, Long-lived Eyebrows. Governors-General Gali and Governor Zhang Boxing cross-impeached; Mu Helun favored Gali; the Emperor rebuked his judgment and upheld Boxing. He soon retired for age and illness, then was restored as Minister of Revenue. He was slated for demotion over an offense. He died soon after.
35
蕭永藻，漢軍鑲白旗人。 父養元，管佐領。 永藻自廕生補刑部筆帖式。 康熙十六年，授內閣中書，遷禮部員外郎，襲佐領。 遷郎中，監湖口稅務。 授御史，再遷順天府尹。 三十五年，擢廣東巡撫。 疏言：「錢多價賤，每千市價三錢二三分，兵領一兩之餉，不及數錢之用。 民亦因錢賤，貨物難行。 請暫停鼓鑄。」 又疏言：「開山發礦，多人群聚，良莠淆雜，臣通飭嚴禁。 近有長寧匪徒集眾私採，知縣尤鵬翔請飭部議處。」 鵬翔坐奪官。
Xiao Yongzao was a Bordered White Bannerman. His father Yangyuan held an assistant command. As a hereditary clerk he entered the Ministry of Justice. In Kangxi 16 he became Secretariat Secretary, then Rites Vice Director, inheriting his father's command. He rose to Director and supervised Hukou customs. He became Censor, then Intendant of Shuntian. In year 35 he became Governor of Guangdong. He reported: "Cash is cheap at three fen odd per thousand; a soldier's tael buys almost nothing. Cheap cash also paralyzed trade for civilians. He asked to suspend minting temporarily." He also banned mountain mining, where crowds mixed the lawless with the honest. Changning bandits mined illegally; Magistrate You Pengxiang sought ministry action. You Pengxiang was dismissed.
36
三十九年，給事中湯右曾劾永藻與總督石琳於黎人爭鬥事，遲至一載始行具題； 縱屬吏朘民，民困而為盜，海則電白、陽江，山則英德、翁源，橫行劫掠。 上命與廣西巡撫彭鵬互調，入覲，上諭當命效鵬所行，並誡薦舉當擇清廉。 四十五年，遷兵部侍郎。 湖廣總督石文晟劾容美土司田舜年不法，命左都御史梅鋗、內閣學士二格往讞，與文晟異議； 復命永藻與大學士席哈納、侍郎張廷樞覆讞，還奏舜年已死，無諸僭越狀。
In year 39 Tang Youzeng impeached Yongzao and Governor Shi Lin for delaying a year before reporting a Li conflict; subordinates extorted the people into banditry along the coast and in the hills. The Emperor swapped him with Peng Peng of Guangxi and told him to emulate Peng's integrity in recommendations. In year 45 he became Vice Minister of War. Governor-General Shi Wencheng accused Tian Shunnian of Rongmei; Mei Qiong and Erge disagreed with him; Yongzao with Xi Hana and Zhang Tingshu retried the case and found Tian Shunnian dead without usurpation.
37
四十六年，擢左都御史，遷兵部尚書。 四十八年，湖南巡撫趙申喬與提督俞益謨交惡互劾，命永藻偕副都御史王度昭往按，得益謨違例缺兵額狀，申喬事事苛求，非大臣體，並擬奪官，上罷益謨，留申喬。 四十九年，調吏部，旋授文華殿大學士。 五十六年，列議政大臣。
In year 46 he became Left Censor-in-Chief, then Minister of War. Zhao Shenqiao and Yu Yimo cross-impeached; Yongzao found Yu Yimo short on troops and Zhao Shenqiao petty; the Emperor dismissed Yu and kept Zhao. In year 49 he moved to Personnel, then became Wenhua Grand Secretary. In year 56 he joined the Deliberative Council.
38
六十一年，世宗即位，加太子太傅，命駐馬蘭峪守護景陵。 雍正五年，宗人府奏護陵宗室廣善越分請安，永藻不先阻，當奪官，上責永藻自恃其有操守，驕矜偏執，惟知阿諛允，長其傲慢狂肆之罪，如議奪官，仍命護陵自效。 七年，卒，年八十六。
At Yongzheng's accession he was made Grand Tutor and stationed at Malanyu to guard the Jing tomb. In Yongzheng 5 he failed to stop a clansman's breach at the tomb; stripped of office for pride and flattery, he was kept on to redeem himself. In year 7 he died at eighty-six.
39
嵩祝，赫舍里氏，滿洲鑲白旗人。 父岱袞，事太宗，協管佐領。 兄來袞，自侍衛累遷至內三院學士，授世職拜他喇布勒哈番。 嵩祝襲職，康熙九年，管佐領。 二十三年，遷護軍參領。 三十三年，擢內閣學士。
Song Zhu of the Hesheli clan was a Bordered White Bannerman. His father Daigun served Taizong and held an assistant command. His brother Laigun rose from guard to Inner Court Academician with a hereditary rank. Song Zhu inherited the post and in Kangxi 9 managed an assistant command. In year 23 he became Guard Deputy Commander. In year 33 he became Grand Secretariat Academician.
40
三十四年，盛京旱，命與侍郎珠都納偕往，發海運米萬石散貧民，萬石平糶。 還京，命复偕珠都納往開原等散米。 上諭曰：「將軍等請散米，但言兵不言民。 此皆朕赤子，當一併給與，月與米一斗五升，至來歲四月。」 嵩祝等散米如上指，事畢還京師。
In year 34 Shenyang drought sent him with Zhuduna to distribute ten thousand shi free and sell ten thousand shi at fair price. Back in Beijing he was sent again with Zhuduna to distribute grain at Kaiyuan and elsewhere. The Emperor said: "Generals ask to feed troops but forget civilians. They are all My children—give soldiers and civilians alike one dou five sheng monthly until next April." Song Zhu distributed grain as ordered and returned.
41
三十五年，上親征噶爾丹，嵩祝管正黃旗行營。 師還，命統後隊緩行，待西路章奏。 遷兵部侍郎，改護軍統領。 三十六年，复扈上出塞駐寧夏，命昭武將軍喀斯喀等窮追噶爾丹，嵩祝參贊軍務。 噶爾丹竄死，師至摩該圖，引還。
In year 35, on campaign against Galdan, he managed the Bordered Yellow field camp. On the return march he led the rear column slowly to await western dispatches. He became Vice Minister of War and Guard Commander. In year 36 he followed the Emperor to Ningxia and assisted Kasika's pursuit of Galdan. Galdan died in flight; the army turned back at Moyaitu.
42
四十年，遷正黃旗漢軍都統。 廣東官兵剿連州瑤失利，命嵩祝偕副都統達爾佔、侍郎傅繼祖往會總督石琳，調廣西、湖南兵進剿，即授廣州將軍。 瀕行，上諭以相機招撫。 四十一年，師次連州，檄三省官兵分佈要隘。 瑤人薙發請降，執戕官兵者九人誅之。 師引還，調正紅旗。
In year 40 he commanded the Bordered Yellow Chinese Brigade. After Guangdong troops failed against Lianzhou Yao, Song Zhu joined Shi Lin, brought Guangxi and Hunan forces, and became Guangzhou General. Before leaving, the Emperor told him to pacify where possible. In year 41 at Lianzhou he deployed troops of three provinces at key passes. The Yao surrendered; nine who had killed officials were executed. The army withdrew; he was moved to the Bordered Red Banner.
43
四十八年，署奉天將軍。 海盜舟泊雙島，挾火器出掠，遣兵擊殺三十馀人，得其舟一。 疏請山東水師兼巡奉天屬金州鐵山，又請選盛京滿洲兵千人習鳥槍，設火器營，皆從之。 遷禮部尚書。
In year 48 he acted as Fengtian General. Pirates at Shuangdao were attacked; over thirty were killed and one boat taken. He asked Shandong naval patrols to cover Fengtian waters and formed a thousand-man musket corps in Shenyang—both approved. He became Minister of Rites.
44
五十一年，授文華殿大學士。 五十五年，上幸熱河，嵩祝從。 久不雨，上憂旱甚，遣嵩祝還京師，察諸大臣祈雨不躬至者劾奏。 六十一年，世宗即位，加太子太傅，修聖祖實錄及玉牒，並充總裁。 雍正五年，奉天將軍噶爾弼奏貝子蘇努為將軍時，借放庫銀三萬馀，嵩祝坐徇隱，奪官。 十三年，卒，年七十九。
In year 51 he became Wenhua Grand Secretary. In year 55 he followed the Emperor to Rehe. During drought the Emperor sent him to Beijing to impeach ministers who prayed for rain without attending. At Yongzheng's accession he became Grand Tutor and chief compiler of Kangxi's Veritable Records and genealogy. In Yongzheng 5 he was dismissed for shielding Prince Sunu's lending of treasury funds. In year 13 he died at seventy-nine.
45
王頊齡，字顓士，江南華亭人。 父廣心，字農山。 有文名。 順治六年進士，官御史，巡視京、通二倉，釐剔漕弊，奸猾屏跡。
Wang Xuling, courtesy name Zhuan Shi, came from Huating in Jiangnan. His father Guangxin used the courtesy name Nongshan. He enjoyed literary renown. A Shunzhi 6 jinshi and censor, he inspected Beijing and Tongzhou granaries, ended transport abuses, and drove off grafters.
46
頊齡，康熙十五年進士，授太常寺博士。 十八年，舉博學鴻儒，召試一等，授編修，纂修明史，充日講起居注官。 二十一年上元節，聖祖禦乾清宮賜廷臣宴，仿柏梁體賦詩，頊齡與焉。 遷侍講，督四川學政。 累遷侍講學士。 二十八年，左都御史郭琇疏劾少詹事高士奇與頊齡弟鴻緒植黨營私，並詆頊齡與士奇結婚媾，交關為奸利。 頊齡、士奇、鴻緒並休致，尋命頊齡留任如故。 轉侍讀學士，以父憂歸，服闋，起故官。 累擢禮部侍郎。 四十三年，上南巡，幸頊齡所居秀甲園，賜御書榜。 四十六年，上南巡閱河，再幸其第。 尋調吏部，充經筵講官。 擢工部尚書，典會試。 五十五年，拜武英殿大學士。
Wang Xuling passed as jinshi in Kangxi 15 and became Doctor of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. In Kangxi 18 he topped the erudite examination, became Compiler, worked on the Ming History, and served as Daily Lecturer and Recorder. At the Kangxi 21 Lantern Festival the Emperor feasted ministers at Qianqing and composed Cypress Beam verse; Xuling was present. He became Lecturer and Sichuan Educational Commissioner. He rose to Senior Lecturer. In year 28 Guo Xiu impeached Gao Shiqi and Xuling's brother Hongxu for faction and accused Xuling of marrying into Shiqi's family for profit. Xuling, Shiqi, and Hongxu were told to retire; Xuling was soon kept in office. He became Reader-in-Waiting, mourned his father, then resumed office. He rose to Vice Minister of Rites. In year 43 the southern tour visited his Xiujia Garden and bestowed an imperial plaque. In year 46, inspecting rivers on tour, the Emperor visited again. He moved to Personnel and lectured at the Classics Colloquium. He became Minister of Works and metropolitan examiner. In year 55 he became Wuying Grand Secretary.
47
雍正元年，詔開恩榜，頊齡重與鹿鳴宴，加太子太傅。 以老，累疏乞休，上以頊齡先朝舊臣，勤勞歲久，諳習典章，輒與慰留。 三年，痰作，命御醫治疾，賜參餌。 尋卒，年八十四，上為輟朝一日，令朝臣出其門下者素服持喪、各部院漢官會祭，贈太傅，諡文恭。
In Yongzheng 1 he again attended the grace-examination banquet and was made Grand Tutor. Old and repeatedly seeking retirement, he was kept for long service and mastery of regulations. In year 3 illness seized him; imperial physicians and ginseng were sent. He died at eighty-four; the court mourned a day, students wore mourning, ministers sacrificed, and he received the posthumous name Wengong.
48
弟九齡，字子武，進士，授編修，官至左都御史； 鴻緒，自有傳。
His brother Jiuling, courtesy name Ziwu, was a jinshi, Compiler, and Left Censor-in-Chief; Wang Hongxu has a separate biography.
49
論曰：玉書等遭際承平，致位宰相。 或以文學進，或以功能著，或以節操用，皆循循乎矩度。 即朝旨所褒許，於玉書則曰「小心」，於天馥則曰「勤慎」，英曰「忠純」，琠曰「寬厚」，廷敬曰「清勤」，溫達「孝」，永藻「廉」，嵩祝「老成」，頊齡「安靜」。 諸臣之行詣顯，世運之敦龐亦可見矣。
The commentator notes: Zhang Yushu and his peers rose in peaceful times to the premiership. Some rose by letters, some by competence, some by integrity—all kept within measure. Imperial praise matched each character: Yushu careful, Tianfu diligent, Ying loyal, Wu Tian generous, Tingjing clean, Wenda filial, Yongzao incorrupt, Song Zhu seasoned, Xuling quiet. Their visible virtues reflect an age of solid prosperity.