Volume 276 Biographies 63: Shi Lin, Xu Chao, Bei Henuo, Bo Ji, Jiang Chenxi, Liu Yinshu, Yin Tai, E Hai, Wei Jiqi

列傳六十三

Biographies 63

石琳兄子文晟徐潮子杞貝和諾子馬喇陶岱

Shi Lin; his nephew Wencheng; Xu Chao; his son Ziqi; Bei Henuo; his son Mala; Tao Dai

傅霽覺羅華顯蔣陳錫子漣泂劉廕樞

Bo Ji; Aisin Gioro Hua Xian; Jiang Chenxi; his sons Lian and Jiong; Liu Yinshu

音泰鄂海衛既齊

Yin Tai; E Hai; and Wei Jiqi

石琳，漢軍正白旗人，石廷柱第四子。初授佐領，兼禮部郎中。康熙元年，出為山東按浙江鹽運使。十二年，轉湖廣下荊南道。十三年，襄陽總兵楊來喜、副將洪福以南漳叛應吳三桂，據房縣、保康、竹山。琳偕總兵劉成龍率師討之，撫定各峒寨。十五年，遷河南按察使。禁旅南征，牧馬開封，當麥秋，琳與統兵諸將帥約，令兵毋驛騷，坐帳中四十餘日。及去，民得穫麥。

Shi Lin, of the Han military Plain White Banner, was the fourth son of Shi Tingzhu. He began as an assistant commandant while also holding a directorship in the Ministry of Rites. In Kangxi 1 (1662), he was posted to Shandong as provincial surveillance commissioner and appointed Zhejiang salt transport commissioner. In 1673 he was transferred to the Lower Jingnan circuit in Huguang. In 1674 the Xiangyang commander Yang Laixi and his deputy Hong Fu rose at Nanzhang for Wu Sangui and occupied Fang, Baokang, and Zhushan. Lin joined Garrison Commander Liu Chenglong in a punitive campaign and brought the stockade settlements back under control. In 1676 he was promoted to Henan surveillance commissioner. When the metropolitan banners marched south and grazed their horses at Kaifeng at harvest time, Lin secured a pledge from the field commanders that troops would not harass the countryside; he kept watch in his tent for over forty days. Only after the troops left could the farmers bring in their wheat.

二十年，遷浙江布政使。時耿精忠初平，衢州被兵尤甚，戶口逃亡，丁賦皆責之里甲。琳覈實，請免之。師行供億浩繁，民多逋負，琳悉為釐定，裁革陋規，禁加耗尤嚴。嘗曰：「革一分火耗，可增一分正供。」二十三年，擢湖北巡撫。工部以修建太和殿，檄各省採柟、杉諸木。琳言柟產萬山中，挽運甚艱，請寬其程限。部議不許。特詔允之。

In 1681 he became Zhejiang administration commissioner. Geng Jingzhong had only just been subdued; Quzhou had borne the brunt of the fighting, people had fled, and corvée quotas were still being forced onto village headmen. Lin audited the registers and petitioned for relief. Army logistics had piled up enormous demands and arrears were widespread; Lin reorganized the levies, abolished corrupt local fees, and rigorously banned grain surcharges. He once remarked, "Cut one measure of the melting-loss surcharge and you add one measure to the lawful tax." In 1684 he was promoted to governor of Hubei. The Works Ministry, rebuilding the Hall of Supreme Harmony, requisitioned nanmu and fir timber from every province. Lin argued that nanmu came from remote mountains and haulage was punishingly hard, and asked that the deadline be relaxed. The ministry rejected the request. The emperor issued a special edict approving it.

二十五年，調雲南。疏言：「詳覈賦役全書，應更改者八事。雲南自明初置鎮設衛，以田養軍曰屯田。又有給指揮等官為俸，聽其招佃者曰官田。其租入較民賦十數倍，猶佃民之納租於田主。國初吳三桂留鎮，以租額為賦額，相沿至今，積逋愈多，官民交困。宜改依民賦上則起科。雲南鹽井有九，以各井行鹽之多寡為每歲徵課之重輕。瑯井鹽斤徵課六釐，白井八釐，至黑井則倍。明末加徵，較明初原額不啻數倍。今請減黑、白二井之課如瑯井例。開化民田畝科糧二斗六升三合，較未設府以前加至十倍。通省民糧，惟河陽最重，今當減半，與河陽一例。元江由土改流，三桂於額糧外別立名色：曰田地講銀，曰茶商稅銀，曰普洱無耗秋米，曰浪媽等六寨地租。加賦倍徵，民不堪命，應請各減其半。通海六寨地糧較民賦重幾三倍，當改依新定民賦科則。咢嘉每糧一石，徵條編銀四兩有奇，亦為偏重。今既歸南安州附徵，應與州賦一律，每糧一石，徵銀一兩四分。麗江界連土番，古稱荒服。三桂叛後，割金沙江以內喇普地與蒙番，地去而糧存，當刪除。建水自明時設參將，歲派村寨陋規銀三百有奇、糧八十餘石，三桂遂編入正額，當裁革。新平之銀場，易門之銅廠，礦斷山空，宜盡豁課稅。」疏入，下所司議，刊入全書頒行。

In 1686 he was transferred to Yunnan. In a memorial he wrote: "A thorough review of the tax-and-corvée register shows eight items that should be changed. From early Ming times Yunnan had garrison commands and military colonies whose fields supported the troops. Commanders and other officers also held salary lands they could lease to tenants, known as official fields. Rents ran more than ten times the civilian rate, much like tenant payments to a landlord. Early in the dynasty Wu Sangui kept the garrison and treated rent as tax; the practice lingered, arrears mounted, and both government and populace suffered. They should be reassessed at the top civilian land-tax rate instead. Yunnan's nine salt wells were taxed each year in proportion to their output. Lang Well paid six cash per jin, Bai Well eight, and Hei Well twice as much. Late-Ming surcharges had raised rates many times above the early-Ming base. He now asks that Hei and Bai wells be cut back to Lang Well's rate. Kaihua's civilian land was taxed at 2.633 dou of grain per mu, ten times the pre-prefecture rate. Heyang bore the heaviest civilian grain levy in the province; it should now be halved and aligned with Heyang's standard. After Yuanjiang was brought under direct rule, Sangui added surcharges beyond the quota: field-negotiation silver, tea-merchant tax, Pu'er autumn grain without deduction, and rents for Langma and five other stockades. Doubled exactions had crushed the people; each item should be cut by half. Tonghai's six stockades paid several times the civilian rate and should be brought under the new civilian schedule. Ejia collected over four taels of consolidated-levy silver per shi of grain—another excessive burden. Now subsumed under Nan'an Prefecture, it should pay the prefectural rate of 1.4 taels per shi. Lijiang bordered tribal lands long counted as the wild frontier. After Sangui's revolt, Lapa lands west of the Jinsha were given to Meng tribes; the land was lost but the tax remained and should be struck. Jianshui's Ming-era deputy command had imposed over 300 taels of village fees and 80 shi of grain yearly; Sangui made them statutory and they should be abolished. Xinping's silver pits and Yimen's copper works were worked out; their taxes should be forgiven entirely." The memorial was referred to the ministries, adopted, and entered into the official tax register.

二十八年，擢兩廣總督。瓊州總兵吳啟爵奏瓊屬黎地，請設州縣，築城垣，增兵防守。命琳勘奏，力陳其非要，上從之。四十一年，連州瑤作亂，遣都統嵩祝等會剿，平之。琳規畫善後，定官吏管轄，撥兵移防，悉協機宜。未幾，卒官。

In 1689 he was made governor-general of the two Guangs. Qiongzhou Commander Wu Qijue asked to convert Li lands under Qiong into regular counties, build walls, and station more troops. The emperor had Lin investigate; Lin argued forcefully against the plan, and the court agreed. In 1702 the Lianzhou Yao rose; Lin sent Banner General Song Zhu and others to suppress them successfully. Lin arranged postwar administration, defined jurisdictions, and shifted garrisons—all to good effect. He soon died in office.

兄子文晟，初授薊州同知，歷雲南開化、山西平陽知府。康熙三十三年，上嘉其居官有聲，超擢貴州布政使。是歲，即遷雲南巡撫。為政務舉大綱。雲南屯賦科重民田數倍，琳官巡撫時，奏減而未議行；文晟复疏請，特允減舊額十之六。安南國王黎維疏告國內牛羊、蝴蝶、普園三地為鄰界土司侵占，乞敕諭歸還。會文晟入覲，上問文晟，奏言：「此地明時即內屬，非安南地。妄言擅奏，不宜允。」乃降詔切責之。四十三年，調廣東。四十四年，擢湖廣總督。坐劾容美土司田舜年僭妄淫虐非實，部議當降調，上命留任。文晟以疾乞退，上諭大學士曰：「文晟粗鄙，若為土司事而罷，似未得體。今既引疾，可允其請。」罷歸。五十九年，卒。

His nephew Wencheng began as Jizhou subprefect and later governed Kaihua in Yunnan and Pingyang in Shanxi. In 1694 the emperor noted his strong record and leapfrogged him to Guizhou administration commissioner. That same year he became Yunnan governor. He governed by focusing on essentials rather than minutiae. Yunnan garrison farms were taxed several times the civilian rate; Lin had petitioned for cuts as governor, but the court had not acted; Wencheng renewed the petition, and the emperor specially approved cutting the old quota by sixty percent. Annam's King Li Wei reported that Niuyang, Hudie, and Puyuan had been seized by neighboring native chiefs and asked the court to order their return. When Wencheng attended court, the emperor asked him; he replied, "Those places were imperial territory under the Ming—not Annam's. His claim was presumptuous and should be denied." The court sent a sharp edict of rebuke. In 1704 he was transferred to Guangdong. In 1705 he became Huguang governor-general. He was censured for falsely accusing Rongmei chieftain Tian Shunnian of arrogance and cruelty; the ministry recommended demotion, but the emperor kept him in post. Wencheng sought retirement on grounds of illness; the emperor told the grand secretaries, "Wencheng is rough-edged; dismissing him over the chieftain case would look petty. Since he pleads illness, let him go." He was allowed to retire. He died in 1720.

徐潮，字青來，浙江錢塘人。康熙十二年進士，選庶吉士，授檢討，累擢少詹事。潮學問淹通，在翰林，應奉文字，多出其手。聖祖嘗禦門召講易、論語，敷陳明晰，為之傾聽。三遷至工部侍郎，督理錢局，清介不苟隨俗。局官冒濫事發，潮獨無所連染。三十三年，典會試。以母憂歸，服闋，起刑部侍郎。

Xu Chao (Qinglai), from Qiantang in Zhejiang. He passed the jinshi examination in 1673, entered the Hanlin Academy, became a reviser, and rose to junior tutor of the heir apparent. A scholar of wide learning, he drafted most of the court's ceremonial writings in the Hanlin. Kangxi once had him lecture on the Changes and Analects at the palace gate; the emperor listened closely to his lucid exposition. Promoted thrice, he became vice minister of Works, oversaw the mint, and maintained a scrupulous independence. When the mint scandal broke, Chao alone was untouched. In 1694 he served as chief examiner of the metropolitan civil service examination. After mourning his mother he returned as vice minister of Justice.

三十九年，授河南巡撫，上諭之曰：「河南火耗最重，州縣多虧欠，爾當籌畫禁止。」潮上官，令火耗無過一分，州縣私派，悉皆禁革。南陽承解黑鉛，衛輝辦兌漕米，向皆假手胥吏，恣為侵漁。潮悉心區畫，宿弊悉除。開封五府飢，疏請漕糧暫徵改折，以平市直。歸德屬永城、虞城、夏邑三縣被災地畝至一萬七千餘頃，出糶常平、義、社倉穀，借給貧民牛種，全活甚眾。四十一年，上巡幸畿甸，問巡撫李光地鄰省督撫賢否，光地舉潮對。上褒美，以潮與光地、張鵬翮、彭鵬、郭琇並稱。四十二年，上南巡，潮迎駕泰安，賜冠服及御書榜額。其冬，西巡，复迎駕，賞賚有加。上念汾、渭皆入河，議於河南儲穀，遇山、陝歲歉，自水道移粟，便於陸運。命潮會陝西、山西督撫勘議。潮與川陝總督博霽會勘三門砥柱。語見博霽傳。又別疏言：「汴水通淮，一自中牟東經祥符至宿遷，湮塞已久；一自中牟東南經尉氏至太和，今名賈魯河，尚可通流：請量加疏濬。鄭州北別有支河，舊跡尚存，若於此建閘，使汴與洛通，尤為民便。」上從之。

In 1700 he became Henan governor; the emperor told him, "Henan's melting-loss surcharges are the worst in the empire and counties are deep in debt—you must stop it." On taking office he capped melting loss at one percent and abolished every unauthorized local levy. Nanyang's lead deliveries and Weihui's grain conversions had long been farmed out to clerks who extorted the populace. Chao reorganized both operations and cleared away entrenched corruption. During famine in the five Kaifeng prefectures he asked to collect tribute grain in cash to steady prices. More than 17,000 qing were hit in Yongcheng, Yucheng, and Xiayi under Guide; he sold grain from government granaries and lent cattle and seed to the poor, saving countless lives. On his 1702 tour of the capital region the emperor asked Li Guangdi which neighboring governors were capable; Li named Chao. The emperor commended him, naming Chao alongside Guangdi, Zhang Penghe, Peng Peng, and Guo Xiu as model officials. During the 1703 southern tour Chao met the emperor at Tai'an and received court dress and an imperial plaque. That winter, on the western tour, he again met the emperor and received further gifts. Noting that the Fen and Wei flow into the Yellow River, the emperor proposed grain reserves in Henan so Shanxi and Shaanxi could be fed by water rather than costly land transport in lean years. Chao was told to confer with the Shaanxi and Shanxi governors on the plan. Chao and Sichuan-Shaanxi Governor-General Bo Ji inspected the Sanmen Gorge rapids together. See Bo Ji's biography for details. In another memorial he wrote: "The Bian once reached the Huai: one channel east from Zhongmou through Xiangfu to Suqian has been blocked for ages; another southeast from Zhongmou through Weishi to Taihe—the present Jia-Lu River—still runs and should be dredged. A branch north of Zhengzhou still shows its old bed; a sluice there linking the Bian and Luo would greatly help the people. The emperor approved.

四十三年，擢戶部尚書，充經筵講官，兼翰林院掌院學士，教習庶吉士。四十四年，扈從南巡，命赴河南按事。時上以高郵、寶應諸州縣頻年被水患，由洪澤湖無所宣洩，宜於高堰二壩築堤束水入河，又於下河築堤束水入海。會潮按事還，上詢河壖形勢，因指授方略，命往董其役。四十五年，監修高家堰滾水壩、高郵車邏中壩，並濬文華寺減河。四十六年，監修武家壩、天然壩、蔣家壩及諸堤閘，先後畢工。四十七年，調吏部。四十九年，以病乞休，許以原官致仕。五十四年，卒，賜祭葬。

In 1704 he became minister of Revenue, lectured at the classics colloquium, and headed the Hanlin Academy as tutor to new bachelors. In 1705 he joined the southern tour and was sent back to Henan on an investigative mission. Gaoyou and Baoying had flooded repeatedly because Hongze Lake had no outlet; the emperor wanted dikes at Gaoyan's two dams to drive water into the river and lower-river dikes to send it to the sea. When Chao returned, the emperor asked about the levees, outlined his plan, and put Chao in charge of the project. In 1706 he oversaw the Gaojiayan spillway, Gaoyou's Cheluo middle dam, and dredging of the Wenhua Temple relief channel. In the forty-sixth year he oversaw reconstruction of the Wujia, Tianran, and Jiangjia dams and other dikes and sluice gates, finishing each project in turn. In the forty-seventh year he was transferred to the Ministry of Personnel. In the forty-ninth year he asked to retire on account of illness and was allowed to leave office at his existing rank. He died in the fifty-fourth year, and the court bestowed state funeral rites upon him.

潮居官平易，不事矯飾，所至民咸稱頌。乾隆初，追諡文敬。子本，自有傳。

As an official Xu Chao was plain and unpretentious, and the people everywhere he served spoke well of him. Early in the Qianlong reign he was posthumously honored with the title Wenjing. His son Ben is the subject of a separate biography.

杞，字集功。康熙五十一年進士，官編修。由甘肅布政使巡撫陝西，入為宗人府府丞。予休致，卒。

His son Qi, styled Jigong. He passed the jinshi examination in the fifty-first year of Kangxi and served as a Hanlin compiler. After serving as Gansu treasurer and governor of Shaanxi, he was recalled to the capital as vice-director of the Imperial Clan Court. He retired from office and later died.

貝和諾，富察氏，滿洲正黃旗人，濟席哈孫。自工部筆帖式授戶部主事，歷郎中，兼佐領，累遷大理寺卿。康熙三十五年，命往山東經理閘河。漕運總督桑額奏漕船盡過濟寧，較往歲早一月。上以遣官經理，於漕運便，命以為常。遷左副都御史，擢戶部侍郎。三十七年，朝鮮歲祲，國王李焞乞開市義州中江貿穀。詔發三萬石與為市，令貝和諾及侍郎陶岱監視。事已，焞上表謝「八道生靈，賴以全活」。是年，授陝西巡撫。疏報：「陝西開事例，積貯米麥，應存一百七十七萬石有奇，今實存僅十七萬。」上命尚書傅臘塔、張鵬翮往按。尋疏言長安、永壽、華陰等糴補三十八萬有奇，餘皆欠自捐生，請令補完。

Bei Henuo, a Manchu of the Fuca clan in the Plain Yellow Banner and a descendant of Jixihasun. He rose from a clerk in the Ministry of Works to secretary in the Ministry of Revenue, then department director and company captain, and was eventually promoted to president of the Court of Judicial Review. In the thirty-fifth year of Kangxi he was sent to Shandong to oversee the sluice canal. Grand Canal transport governor Sang'e reported that all grain barges had cleared Jining a month ahead of previous years. The emperor decided that sending an official to manage the canal benefited grain transport and made the arrangement permanent. He was made left vice censor-in-chief and then promoted to vice president of the Ministry of Revenue. In the thirty-seventh year famine struck Korea, and King Yi Sun asked permission to open a market at Uiju on the Yalu River to buy grain. The court released thirty thousand shi of grain for the market and put Bei Henuo and Vice President Tao Dai in charge of overseeing the trade. When the relief effort was complete, Yi Sun sent a memorial of thanks stating that the people of Korea's eight provinces had been saved by it. That same year he was appointed governor of Shaanxi. He memorialized that under Shaanxi's contribution-for-office system the province should have kept more than 1.77 million shi of rice and wheat in store, yet only 170,000 shi remained. The emperor sent Ministers Fu Lata and Zhang Penghe to investigate. He soon reported that Chang'an, Yongshou, Huayin, and other counties had bought grain to restore more than 380,000 shi, and asked that the remaining shortfall owed by student donors be made up.

三十九年，調四川。疏言：「打箭爐、木鴉等處番、民一萬九千餘戶歸順，請增設安撫使五、副使五、土百戶四十五，以專管轄。邊民運茶赴爐貿易，給官引五千六百道，定額徵課。川省行鹽，潼川、中江山路崎嶇，難於陸運，額運壅滯。惟冰江小溪通水運，請增給水引，商民交便。」貝和諾治事精詳，尚書張鵬翮按事還，於上前亟稱之。四十二年，召授兵部侍郎。

In the thirty-ninth year he was transferred to Sichuan. He proposed that more than nineteen thousand tribal and civilian households around Dartsedo and Muya who had submitted be placed under five new pacification commissioners, five vice commissioners, and forty-five native company chiefs. He also proposed issuing 5,600 official permits for border people who haul tea to the trading posts and collecting tax at a fixed rate. Because salt in Sichuan was moved overland, the rugged routes through Tongchuan and Zhongjiang made transport difficult and shipments backed up. Only Bingjiang Creek could carry salt by water, so he asked for additional water-transport permits to make trade easier for merchants and the public. Bei Henuo was meticulous in administration, and when Minister Zhang Penghe returned from his inspection he repeatedly praised him to the emperor. In the forty-second year he was recalled to the capital and appointed vice president of the Ministry of War.

四十四年，擢雲貴總督，捕治富民盜李天極、王枝葉等。天極廣通諸生，與臨安硃六非造為符讖，師宗州枝葉，人素無行，天極等誘之，詭託明桂王孫，糾黨謀不軌。僭稱文興三年，散播印劄，圖劫掠廣南、開化，自蒙自竄入會城。貝和諾標兵诇得狀，誅六人，流其餘黨。四十九年，召拜禮部尚書。以太原流匪陳四等六十餘人詭稱赴雲南墾地，貝和諾得布政使牒報不察究，坐降調，授盛京工部侍郎。五十七年，復召為禮部尚書，以老乞休，詔慰留。六十年，卒官。

In the forty-fourth year he was made governor-general of Yunnan and Guizhou and captured the Fumin bandits Li Tianji, Wang Zhiye, and their followers. Li Tianji, a licentiate from Guangtong, joined Zhu Liufei of Lin'an in forging prophetic talismans. Wang Zhiye of Shizong, a man of ill repute, was drawn in by Tianji's group, who falsely claimed to represent a grandson of the Ming Prince of Gui and organized a conspiracy against the throne. They proclaimed the third year of the fictitious Wenxing reign, distributed printed proclamations, planned raids on Guangnan and Kaihua, and fled from Mengzi toward the provincial capital. Bei Henuo sent scouts to uncover the plot, executed six ringleaders, and banished the remaining conspirators. In the forty-ninth year he was recalled and appointed minister of Rites. When more than sixty Taiyuan fugitives led by Chen Si falsely claimed they were going to Yunnan to reclaim land, Bei Henuo failed to investigate a report from the provincial treasurer; he was demoted and reassigned as vice president of the Ministry of Works at Mukden. In the fifty-seventh year he was again made minister of Rites; when he asked to retire because of age, the emperor issued an edict urging him to stay. He died in office in the sixtieth year.

子馬喇，襲管佐領，兼護軍參領，累擢正紅旗滿洲副都統。雍正五年，西藏阿爾布巴等與貝子康濟鼐不睦，命馬喇往駐西藏。既，阿爾布巴戕害康濟鼐，後藏頗羅鼐率兵報仇，執阿爾布巴等。遣尚書查郎阿等讞其罪，磔之。詔頗羅鼐總管前後藏事，移達賴喇嘛於里塘。七年，命馬喇駐里塘守護，賜帑金二千，總藏事。擢護軍統領。還京，遷工部尚書，坐免。十一年，復以副都統銜往西藏辦事。卒官。

His son Mala inherited a company captaincy, also served as a brigade adjutant, and rose to become Manchu vice commander of the Plain Red Banner. In the fifth year of Yongzheng, after Arubaba and others in Tibet fell out with Prince Kangjin Nai, Mala was sent to take up residence in Tibet. Soon afterward Arubaba killed Kangjin Nai; Poluo Zang of Rear Tibet raised troops to avenge him and captured Arubaba and his associates. The court sent Minister Zhala'a and others to judge the case, and the culprits were executed by dismemberment. Poluo Zang was put in charge of both Front and Rear Tibet, and the Dalai Lama was moved to Litang. In the seventh year Mala was posted to Litang as guardian, given two thousand taels from the treasury, and placed in overall charge of Tibetan affairs. He was promoted to brigade commander. After returning to the capital he was made minister of Works but was later dismissed for misconduct. In the eleventh year he was again dispatched to Tibet with the rank of vice commander. He died while serving there.

陶岱，瓜爾佳氏，滿洲正藍旗人。由主事歷戶部郎中，累擢吏部侍郎。朝鮮告飢，乞開市貿穀，命陶岱與貝和諾運米給糴，御製海運朝鮮記紀其事。康熙三十八年，署兩江總督。尋授倉場侍郎，以漕運遲誤，降五秩，隨旗行走。尋卒。

Tao Dai was a Manchu of the Guwalgiya clan in the Plain Blue Banner. He rose from secretary to department director in the Ministry of Revenue and was eventually promoted to vice president of the Ministry of Personnel. When Korea reported famine and asked to open a market for grain, Tao Dai and Bei Henuo were ordered to ship rice for sale; the emperor commemorated the episode in his "Record of Sea Transport to Korea." In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi he served as acting governor-general of Jiangnan and Jiangxi. He was soon made vice president of the Granary Administration, but after grain transport fell behind schedule he was demoted five ranks and reduced to banner service. He died soon afterward.

博霽，巴雅拉氏，滿洲鑲白旗人。自護衛授鑾儀使，擢鑲白旗都統。康熙二十四年，授江寧將軍，調西安。三十五年，撫遠大將軍費揚古率師西剿噶爾丹，命博霽率滿洲兵自寧夏會師，大敗噶爾丹於昭莫多。敘功，授世職拖沙喇哈番。聖祖嘗諭大學士等曰：「博霽自江寧赴西安，軍民攀留泣送，直至浦口。非有善政，何能如此？誠可謂將軍矣！」四十二年，上幸西安閱兵，諭曰：「西安官兵皆嫺禮節，重和睦，尚廉恥，且人才壯健，騎射精練。朕巡幸江南、浙江、盛京、烏喇等處閱兵，末有能及之者，深可嘉尚！」賚博霽御用櫜建、弓矢。

Bo Ji was a Manchu of the Bayara clan in the Bordered White Banner. He rose from the imperial guard to director of ceremonial guards and then to commander of the Bordered White Banner. In the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi he was made general of Jiangning and then transferred to Xi'an. In the thirty-fifth year Grand General Fei Yanggu marched west against Galdan; Bo Ji led Manchu troops from Ningxia to join him, and Galdan was routed at Jao Modo. For his service he was granted the hereditary rank of Tashala Han. The Kangxi Emperor once told the grand secretaries: "When Bo Ji left Jiangning for Xi'an, soldiers and civilians wept and begged him to stay, escorting him in tears as far as Pukou. Without good governance, how could he have won such devotion? Truly he deserves to be called a general!" In the forty-second year, during an imperial inspection of troops at Xi'an, the emperor declared: "Xi'an's officers and soldiers are courteous, value harmony and honor, and are strong, skilled riders and archers. In all my troop reviews in Jiangnan, Zhejiang, Mukden, Wula, and elsewhere, I have seen none to equal them—highly commendable!" The emperor then bestowed on Bo Ji his own quiver, bow, and arrows.

四十三年，授四川陝西總督。上以山、陝屢歲祲，欲於河南儲粟備賑，溯黃河挽運，慮三門砥柱水急，舟不得上，命博霽偕山、陝、河南巡撫會勘。尋合疏言：「三門灘多水激，挽運險阻，仍以陸運為便。」從之。四十七年，卒，賜祭葬。

In the forty-third year he was appointed governor-general of Sichuan and Shaanxi. After repeated famine in Shaanxi and Shanxi, the emperor wanted to store grain in Henan for relief and haul it up the Yellow River, but worried that the rapids at Sanmen Gorge would block boats; he ordered Bo Ji and the governors of Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Henan to survey the route together. They soon jointly reported that the churning waters at Sanmen Gorge made upstream hauling too dangerous and that overland transport remained the better option. The court accepted their recommendation. He died in the forty-seventh year, and the court bestowed state funeral rites upon him.

覺羅華顯，滿洲正紅旗人。初授宗人府主事，遷戶部理事官。康熙三十七年，授翰林院侍講學士，累遷內閣學士。三十九年，授甘肅巡撫，未上官，調陝西。四十年，擢川陝總督。甘肅流民數千人就賑西安，華顯與巡撫鄂海出俸為有司倡，集資計口授糧，並撥荒地為業。上幸西安閱兵，與博霽、鄂海同受賜。陝民困重斂，華顯飭有司禁私徵，屏絕餽遺，軍民稱頌。四十二年，卒官，加太子太保，贈兵部尚書，諡文襄。祀陝西名宦。

Hua Xian, a Manchu of the Aisin Gioro clan in the Plain Red Banner. He first served as a secretary in the Imperial Clan Court and then as an administrative officer in the Ministry of Revenue. In the thirty-seventh year of Kangxi he became a Hanlin reader-in-waiting and eventually rose to grand secretary of the Grand Secretariat. In the thirty-ninth year he was appointed governor of Gansu but was transferred to Shaanxi before assuming that post. In the fortieth year he was promoted to governor-general of Sichuan and Shaanxi. When several thousand Gansu refugees sought relief in Xi'an, Hua Xian and Governor E Hai donated their salaries to set an example, raised funds to distribute grain by head count, and assigned wasteland for them to farm. During the emperor's troop review at Xi'an, he received imperial gifts along with Bo Ji and E Hai. Because the people of Shaanxi were crushed by heavy levies, Hua Xian forbade unauthorized collections and refused all gifts; both soldiers and civilians praised him. He died in office in the forty-second year and was posthumously honored as Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and minister of War, with the title Wenxiang. He was enshrined in the hall of distinguished officials of Shaanxi.

蔣陳錫，字雨亭，江南常熟人。父伊，康熙十二年進士，選庶吉士，授御史。疏陳民間疾苦，繪十二圖以進。累官河南提學道副使，卒官。

Jiang Chenxi, styled Yuting, was a native of Changshu in Jiangnan. His father Yi passed the jinshi examination in the twelfth year of Kangxi, entered the Hanlin Academy as a bachelor, and served as a censor. He memorialized on the people's hardships and submitted twelve illustrative paintings. He eventually became vice commissioner of the Henan education circuit and died in office.

陳錫，康熙二十四年進士，授陝西富平知縣。歲饑，米斛直數千，發倉賑濟，不給，斥家資佐之，全活甚眾。行取，擢禮部主事。監督海運倉，革糧艘篷席例銀。遷員外郎。河道總督張鵬翮薦佐兩淮河務。四十一年，授直隸天津道，遷河南按察使，讞決平恕。豫省有老瓜賊為害行旅，陳錫廉得其巢穴，悉擒治之。

Jiang Chenxi passed the jinshi examination in the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi and was appointed magistrate of Fuping in Shaanxi. During a famine when a hu of rice cost thousands of cash, he opened the granary for relief and, when that was not enough, spent his own family's wealth as well, saving a great many lives. Selected for service in the capital, he was promoted to secretary in the Ministry of Rites. While supervising the sea-transport granary, he abolished the customary fee for grain-boat awnings and matting. He was promoted to vice director. Grand Canal governor Zhang Penghe recommended him to assist with river works on the Huai. In the forty-first year he became intendant of Tianjin in Zhili and then judicial commissioner of Henan, where his judgments were noted for fairness and moderation. In Henan the Laogua bandits preyed on travelers; through careful investigation Jiang Chenxi found their hideout and captured them all.

四十七年，遷山東布政使。未幾，擢任巡撫。疏請緩徵二十三州、縣、衛被災逋賦，廣鄉試解額，增給買補營馬直，免累及所司。條陳海防三事，言戰船當更番修葺，水手當召募熟諳水道之人，沿海村莊當舉行團練，互相接應；並以御史陳汝咸條議海疆弭盜，疏請漁舟編甲，閩、粵鳥船不許攜砲械，得盜舟火藥軍器，必究所從來。部議悉從之。長蘆巡鹽御史希祿請增東省鹽引，臨清關請增設濟寧等五州縣口岸，陳錫皆言其不便，並得請。

In the forty-seventh year he was made treasurer of Shandong. Soon afterward he was promoted to governor. He asked that overdue taxes from twenty-three disaster-stricken prefectures, counties, and garrisons be deferred, that the provincial examination quota be expanded, that allowances for replacing garrison horses be increased, and that responsible officials not be punished for shortfalls. He proposed three coastal defense measures: warships should be repaired on a rotating schedule, sailors should be recruited from men who knew the local waters, and coastal villages should organize militia for mutual defense; Drawing on Censor Chen Ruqian's proposals to suppress coastal piracy, he also asked that fishing boats be registered by household, that Fujian and Guangdong bird ships be barred from carrying arms, and that the source of any seized pirate vessels, gunpowder, or weapons be rigorously investigated. The ministry approved all of his proposals. When Changlu salt censor Xilu proposed increasing Shandong salt permits and the Linqing customs office asked to add stations at Jining and four other prefectures and counties, Jiang Chenxi argued against both measures, and the court accepted his objections.

五十五年，擢雲貴總督。祿勸州土酋常應運誘沿江土夷攻卓幹寨，陳錫檄師會剿，平之，撥兵弁駐守其地。石羊緒礦廠硐老山空，課額不足，疏請嗣後硐衰即止，勿制定額。鎮遠至省三十二驛，山路崎嶇，驛夫苦累，下令非有符合，毋濫應夫馬。都統武格、將軍噶爾弼率師入西藏，以雲南糧運艱難，欲自四川運糧濟給。四川總督年羹堯奏言滇、蜀俱進兵，蜀糧不足兼供。乃命陳錫與巡撫甘國璧速運。五十九年，詔責其籌濟不力誤軍機，與國璧並奪職，令自備資斧運米入藏。明年，卒於途。雍正元年，山東巡撫黃炳言陳錫在巡撫任，侵蝕捐穀羨餘銀二百餘萬，部議督追。弟廷錫入陳始末，詔減償其半。子漣、泂。

In the fifty-fifth year of Kangxi he was promoted to governor-general of Yunnan and Guizhou. When Luquan chieftain Chang Yingyun incited riverside tribes to attack Zhuogan Stockade, Jiang Chenxi sent troops to join the suppression, restored order, and stationed officers and soldiers to hold the site. When exhaustion of the Shiyangxu mine left it unable to meet its quota, he asked that future levies stop once a mine declined rather than enforcing a fixed assessment. The thirty-two courier stations between Zhenyuan and the provincial capital crossed rugged mountain roads that overburdened the couriers; he ruled that draft labor and horses must not be supplied without a proper warrant. When Commander-in-Chief Wuge and General Ga'erbi marched into Tibet, they sought to supply the campaign from Sichuan because Yunnan grain transport was too difficult. Sichuan governor-general Nian Gengyao reported that with both Yunnan and Sichuan committing troops, Sichuan's grain reserves could not supply both fronts. The court ordered Jiang Chenxi and Yunnan governor Gan Guobi to rush grain shipments immediately. In the fifty-ninth year an edict blamed them for bungling grain supply and disrupting the campaign; both Jiang Chenxi and Gan Guobi were dismissed and ordered to transport rice into Tibet at their own expense. The following year he died en route. In Yongzheng 1 Shandong governor Huang Bing reported that Jiang Chenxi had embezzled over two million taels in surplus funds from donated grain while serving as governor; the ministry ordered supervised recovery. His brother Tingsi petitioned with the full story, and the court halved the required restitution. He had two sons, Lian and Jiong.

漣，字檀人。進士，官編修，終太僕寺卿。

Lian, styled Tanren. A jinshi, he rose to compiler in the Hanlin Academy and ended his career as vice minister of the Court of the Imperial Stud.

泂，字愷思。進士，歷工部郎中，出為雲南提學道。西陲用兵，命從軍，授甘肅涼莊道。西檄多卜藏、瑪嘉諸部與謝勒蘇、額勒布兩部逃人倚石門寺為巢，往來劫掠。泂料簡精銳，會涼州鎮官兵，分五路進剿，轉戰棋子山，殲賊之半。時羅卜藏丹津進逼西寧，复檄兵捍禦，羅卜藏丹津遁走。大將軍年羹堯上其功，遷山西按察使，進布政使。上嘉泂實心供職，免其父追償。雍正十年，加侍郎銜，往肅州經理軍營屯田。在事二年，闢鎮番柳林湖田十三萬畝，得糧三萬石。築河堤，擴二大渠，分濬支渠，並建倉儲糧，公私饒裕。副都御史二格協理軍需，劾泂侵帑誤公，逮治論死，下獄追贓。總督查郎阿等交章雪其誣，泂已病卒。

Jiong, styled Kaisi. A jinshi, he served as a director in the Ministry of Works before becoming Yunnan's educational intendant. When war erupted on the western frontier he was ordered to the front and appointed circuit intendant of Liangzhuang in Gansu. In western Gansu, tribes including Duobuzang and Majia and fugitives from the Xielesu and Elebu groups used Shimen Temple as a base for raiding. Jiong picked elite troops, combined with Liangzhou garrison forces, attacked in five columns through Qizi Mountain, and destroyed half the raiders. When Lobzang Danjin threatened Xining, Jiong rallied troops to block him and drove him off. Grand General Nian Gengyao commended his service; he was made Shanxi surveillance commissioner and then promoted to provincial administration commissioner. The emperor praised Jiong's conscientious service and waived his father's restitution debt. In Yongzheng 10 he received the honorary rank of vice president and was sent to Suzhou to oversee military land reclamation. In two years he reclaimed 130,000 mu around Liulin Lake at Zhenfan and harvested 30,000 shi of grain. He built dikes, expanded two main canals, dredged branch channels, and built granaries until both the state and local people prospered. Vice censor-in-chief Erge, handling military supplies, accused Jiong of embezzlement and neglect; Jiong was arrested, sentenced to death, imprisoned, and ordered to repay stolen funds. Governor-general Cha Lang'a and others filed memorial after memorial to clear his name, but Jiong had already died of illness.

劉廕樞，字喬南，陝西韓城人。康熙十五年進士，授河南蘭陽知縣，有政聲。行取，擢吏科給事中，以憂歸，服闋，除刑科給事中。疏言：「廉吏必節儉。邇來居官競尚侈靡，不特車馬、衣服、飲食、器用，僭制逾等；抑且交結、奔走、餽送、夤緣，棄如泥沙，用如流水。俸不給則貸於人，玷官箴，傷國體。請敕申斥，以厲廉戒貪。」又疏言：「京師放債，六七當十；半年不償，即行轉票，以子為母。數年之間，累萬盈千。是朝廷職官，竟為債主廝養。乞敕嚴立科條，照實貸銀數三分起息。」並下部議行。尋調戶科。三十六年，詔求直言，廕樞疏請肅紀綱，覈名實，開言路，報可。

Liu Yinshu, styled Qiaonan, was a native of Hancheng in Shaanxi. A jinshi of Kangxi 15, he became magistrate of Lanyang in Henan and earned a reputation for sound administration. Selected for the capital, he became a supervising secretary in the Personnel Section; after mourning leave he returned as a supervising secretary in the Punishments Section. He memorialized: "An upright official must live frugally. Officials now compete in extravagance—not only exceeding rank in carriages, horses, dress, food, and furnishings, but also on networking, courting favor, and gift-giving they squander money like dirt and spend it like water. When salaries fall short they borrow, staining official honor and damaging the state's dignity. He asked the throne to issue stern rebukes to promote integrity and deter corruption." He also reported: "In the capital, lenders charge six or seven cash for every ten lent; unpaid debts after six months roll over, with interest added to principal. In a few years debts mount to thousands and tens of thousands. Court officials thus become beholden to moneylenders like domestic servants. He asked that strict rules cap interest at three percent of the principal actually lent." Both proposals were sent to the ministries for deliberation and adoption. He was soon transferred to the Revenue Section. In the thirty-sixth year, when the throne solicited frank criticism, Yinshu asked for restored discipline, verified appointments, and open channels of remonstrance; the court assented.

三十七年，外轉江西贛南道。贛俗健訟，廕樞晝夜平決，懲妄訴者，訟漸稀。將吏私徵門稅，廕樞令革之。米市有牙課，牙人籍以婪索。廕樞以其錢置田，徵租代課，除民累。署按察使，忤總督阿山，以讞獄前後獄辭互異，劾罷。四十二年，聖祖西巡，廕樞迎駕潼關，上識之，召對稱旨，复授雲南按察使。四十五年，遷廣東布政使。總督貝和諾稱其清廉勤慎，士民愛戴，雲南布政使缺員，請以廕樞調補，上從之。廕樞督濬昆明湖，築六河岸徬。會夏旱，發粟平糶，禱於五華山，得雨，民大悅。

In the thirty-seventh year he was posted to the Gannan Circuit in Jiangxi. Ganzhou was notoriously litigious; Yinshu heard cases day and night, punished false suits, and litigation gradually declined. When officers and clerks illegally collected gate taxes, Yinshu abolished the practice. Broker fees in the rice market gave brokers license to extort. Yinshu used the fees to buy land whose rent replaced the levy, relieving the people's burden. While acting surveillance commissioner he clashed with Governor-general Ashan, who impeached and dismissed him over inconsistent testimony in a criminal case. In the forty-second year, when Kangxi toured the west, Yinshu welcomed him at Tong Pass; the emperor recognized him, was pleased by their audience, and reappointed him Yunnan surveillance commissioner. In the forty-fifth year he became Guangdong provincial administration commissioner. Governor-general Bei Henuo praised his integrity and diligence and the people's affection for him; when Yunnan's administration commissioner post opened, he recommended Yinshu for transfer, and the emperor agreed. Yinshu oversaw dredging of Kunming Lake and built embankments along six rivers. During a summer drought he sold grain at fair prices, prayed on Wuhua Mountain, rain came, and the people rejoiced.

四十七年，擢貴州巡撫。貴州苗、仲雜處，號難治。廕樞至，絕餽遺，省徭役，務以安靜為治。疏請廣鄉試解額，設南籠廳學，以振人文。先後請改石阡、丹川、西堡、寧谷、平州、大華諸土司，設流官。開驛道，自雲南坡至蕉溪二千餘裡。又疏言貴州錢糧課稅僅十餘萬，鄰省歲協餉二十餘萬，稍愆期，軍士懸額待餉。請豫撥二十萬儲布政使庫。部議持不可，疏三上，詔特允之。其後紅苗叛，餉賴以無絀。烏蒙、威寧兩土司相仇殺，四川巡撫年羹堯遣吏勘問，土酋匿不出，疏聞，命四川、雲、貴督撫按治。廕樞先至，遣使招諭，威寧土酋聽命，烏蒙土酋亦自縛出就質，咸原伏罪釋仇，苗以無事。

In the forty-seventh year he was promoted to governor of Guizhou. Guizhou, where Miao and Zhong peoples lived intermixed, was regarded as hard to govern. On arriving Yinshu refused gifts, reduced corvée burdens, and governed through quiet restraint. He asked for an expanded provincial examination quota and a Nanlong subprefecture school to revive local culture. He repeatedly petitioned to replace the native chieftaincies of Shiqian, Danchuan, Xibao, Ningu, Pingzhou, Dahua, and others with appointed officials. He opened a courier route of more than two thousand li from Yunnan Slope to Jiaoxi. He also reported that Guizhou raised only about 100,000 taels in taxes while relying on over 200,000 taels in yearly aid from neighboring provinces; any delay left soldiers hungry waiting for pay. He asked that 200,000 taels be allocated in advance to the provincial treasury. The ministry objected, but after three memorials the throne made an exception and approved. When the Red Miao later rebelled, the reserve kept supplies from running short. When the Wumeng and Weining chieftaincies feuded, Sichuan governor Nian Gengyao sent investigators, but the chieftains refused to appear; the court then ordered the governors of Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou to settle the matter. Yinshu arrived first, sent envoys to summon them; the Weining chieftain complied, and the Wumeng chieftain bound himself and came to trial; all submitted, made peace, and the Miao districts were untroubled.

五十四年，準噶爾策妄阿喇布坦侵哈密，詔備兵進討。廕樞累疏請緩師，略云：「小丑不足煩大兵。原皇上息怒，重內治，輕遠略。」上責其妄奏，命馳驛赴軍前週閱詳議。廕樞抵巴里坤，上疏數千言，請屯兵哈密，以逸待勞。旋稱病還甘肅，疏乞休，嚴旨譙讓，仍令回巡撫任。廕樞疏報病癒，上斥廕樞：「令詣軍前即稱病，令回任病頓愈，情偽顯然。」命解任詣京師。部議阻撓軍務，坐絞，上宥之，遣赴喀爾喀種地。年已八十二，居戍三年，釋還，復故官。六十一年，與千叟宴。世宗御極，召見，賜金歸里。尋卒，年八十七。

In the fifty-fourth year Tsewang Arabtan of Dzungaria invaded Hami, and the court ordered troops mobilized for a punitive campaign. Yinshu repeatedly asked to delay the campaign, writing in part: "A petty foe does not warrant a major mobilization. I pray Your Majesty will set aside anger, focus on internal governance, and not overreach on distant frontiers." The emperor rebuked him for presumption and ordered him to the front by express courier for a full review. At Barkol Yinshu submitted a long memorial urging that troops hold Hami and wait out the enemy at ease. He soon claimed illness and returned to Gansu to request retirement; though sharply rebuked, he was ordered back to his governorship. When Yinshu reported his recovery, the emperor rebuked him: "Ordered to the front you fell ill; ordered back to office you suddenly recovered—the deceit is obvious." He was dismissed and ordered to the capital. The ministry recommended strangulation for obstructing military affairs; the emperor pardoned him and sent him to farm in Khalkha. Already eighty-two, after three years of exile he was released and restored to rank. In the sixty-first year he attended the banquet for a thousand elders. When Yongzheng ascended the throne Yinshu was summoned, granted gold, and sent home. He died soon after, aged eighty-seven.

音泰，瓜爾佳氏，滿洲鑲紅旗人。初為西安駐防兵。康熙十三年，副都統佛尼勒討吳三桂將譚弘、吳之茂、王屏籓等，音泰隸麾下。師自漢中進克陽平朝天關，駐守梅嶺關，賊夜劫營，音泰力禦，中槍折齒，得上賞。明年，佛尼埒攻王輔臣秦州，臨壕列圍，賊突騎出犯，音泰射殪三人，賊駭遁。復進攻西和，屢敗之茂等於鹽關岐山堡。十七年，進攻四川，克保寧、敘州。敘功，授驍騎校，遷防禦。

Yin Tai of the Guwalgiya clan was a Manchu of the Bordered Red Banner. He began as a garrison soldier at Xi'an. In Kangxi 13 Lieutenant-general Foni'e fought Wu Sangui's generals Tan Hong, Wu Zhimao, and Wang Pingfan; Yin Tai served under him. The army advanced from Hanzhong, took Yangping Chaotian Pass, and garrisoned Meiling Pass; when rebels raided the camp at night Yin Tai fought them off, was shot and broke a tooth, and received a high reward. The next year Foni'e besieged Wang Fuchen at Qinzhou; when rebel cavalry charged out Yin Tai killed three with his bow and the enemy fled in terror. Advancing on Xihe he repeatedly defeated Zhimao and others at Yan Pass and Qishan Fort. In the seventeenth year he entered Sichuan and captured Baoning and Xuzhou. For his service he was made daring cavalry commandant and then garrison captain.

三十五年，署參領，從西安將軍博霽會大將軍費揚古徵噶爾丹，出西路。五月，上親征，出中路，至克魯倫河。值積雨，運糧滯，賊預焚草地，我軍紆道秣馬。音泰言於博霽曰：「聖駕親征，宜倍道前進。」乃急趨昭莫多，大軍繼進，噶爾丹敗遁。敘功，予雲騎尉世職。四十一年，遷佐領。四十二年，上巡西安，令官兵校射，音泰蒙賚與賜宴，尋授協領。

In the thirty-fifth year, acting company commander, he joined Xi'an General Bo Ji and Grand General Fei Yanggu's western campaign against Galdan. In the fifth month the emperor took the field on the central route to the Kerulen River. Heavy rains delayed supplies; the enemy had burned the pastures ahead, forcing our army to detour to feed the horses. Yin Tai told Bo Ji: "With the emperor campaigning in person, we should march at forced pace." They rushed to Jao Modo; the main army followed; Galdan was routed and fled. For his service he received the hereditary rank of Cloud Cavalry Commandant. In the forty-first year he was promoted to assistant battalion commander. In the forty-second year, during the imperial tour of Xi'an, Yin Tai distinguished himself in the archery competition, received gifts and a banquet, and was soon made deputy battalion commander.

四十三年，擢西安副都統。四十四年，授西寧總兵官。上知其貧，詔陝西督撫助練兵犒賚之資。四十六年諭：「音泰久居西陲，諳習兵事，外籓蒙古及內地軍民交口稱譽。」命擢甘肅提督。四十八年，授川陝總督。入覲，賞花翎及冠服、鞍馬，並御書「攬轡澄清」榜賜之。

In the forty-third year he was promoted to lieutenant-general of Xi'an. In the forty-fourth year he became regional commander of Xining. Knowing he was poor, the emperor ordered Shaanxi's governor and governor-general to help fund troop training and rewards. In the forty-sixth year an edict declared: "Yin Tai has long served on the western frontier, knows military affairs well, and is praised by Mongol frontier tribes and Han civilians alike." He was promoted to military commander of Gansu. In the forty-eighth year he was made governor-general of Sichuan and Shaanxi. At court he received a peacock feather, ceremonial robes, a saddle and horse, and an imperial plaque inscribed "Gathering the Reins to Clear the Mire"—a summons to take office with clean purpose.

四十九年，幹偉番蠻羅都等掠寧番衛，戕冕山營游擊周玉麟，命四川巡撫年羹堯偕提督岳昇龍往剿。羹堯至，昇龍已擒羅都等三人械送勘問。既定讞，遂先還。昇龍偕建昌總兵郝弘勳至會鹽招降，番蠻諸酋原率眾十萬貢納糧馬。音泰請以降酋為土司，分領其眾。因劾羹堯違旨先還，詔奪羹堯職，留任效力。未幾，昇龍以疾解任，羹堯知其曾假帑金，議率屬捐俸代償，音泰不從。羹堯遂入告，上允行，並諭音泰宜與巡撫和衷。尋褒其潔清不瞻徇，實心任事。會奉詔申禁遊民越境，令嚴劾縱容官吏。邠州諸屬拘系者四十餘案，每案至數十人。音泰疏言諸人皆藉技營生，無不法狀，應遞解原籍編管；如縱出境，議處所司，上韙之。

In the forty-ninth year Luo Du and other Ganwei tribesmen raided Ningfan Guard and killed brigade commander Zhou Yulin of Yingshan Camp; the court sent Sichuan governor Nian Gengyao and military commander Yue Shenglong to suppress them. By the time Nian Gengyao arrived, Yue Shenglong had already captured Luo Du and two others and sent them bound for trial. After the verdict was settled, he returned ahead of the others. Yue Shenglong and Jianchang regional commander Hao Hongxun went to Huiyan to accept surrenders; chieftain Yuan and other tribal leaders brought a hundred thousand followers to submit grain and horses as tribute. Yin Tai proposed appointing the surrendered chieftains as native rulers, each to govern his own followers. He impeached Nian Gengyao for disobeying orders by returning early; the emperor stripped Gengyao of his rank but allowed him to remain and serve. Soon Yue Shenglong resigned for illness; learning he had once borrowed public funds, Nian Gengyao proposed that officials donate salary to repay the debt, but Yin Tai refused. Nian Gengyao reported to the emperor, who approved the repayment scheme and urged Yin Tai to work in harmony with the governor. The court soon commended his incorruptibility and impartial, conscientious service. An edict arrived reiterating the ban on migrant vagrants crossing provincial boundaries and demanding strict punishment of lax officials. In Binzhou and its subordinate districts more than forty cases had been opened, some involving dozens of detainees each. Yin Tai reported that the detainees were skilled laborers earning honest livings with no criminal record and should be returned to their home districts for registration and supervision; Officials who let such persons cross borders should be punished; the emperor agreed.

以病疏乞休，上曰：「朕前幸西安，知音泰義勇，洊擢至總督。寬嚴並用，軍民無不感戴。朕甚愛惜之，可令在任調攝。」五十二年，復請，許解任還京師，給第宅田畝，以旌其廉。並諭群臣曰：「朕初用音泰，人不知其善，後乃稱朕有知人之明也。」五十三年，卒，賜祭葬，諡清端。初授雲騎尉世職，特命世襲罔替。

He petitioned to retire on grounds of illness; the emperor replied: "On my tour of Xi'an I recognized Yin Tai's courage and loyalty and raised him step by step to governor-general. His blend of lenience and severity won the gratitude of soldiers and civilians alike. I value him highly; let him remain in office while taking time to recover." In the fifty-second year he petitioned again; the emperor allowed him to retire to the capital and granted him a residence and farmland in honor of his integrity. He told his ministers: "When I first appointed Yin Tai, few recognized his talent; later all praised my judgment in choosing men." He died in the fifty-third year; the court granted funeral honors and posthumously named him Qingduan, "Pure and Upright." Though first granted the hereditary rank of Cloud Cavalry Commandant, he was specially granted perpetual inheritance without reduction of rank.

鄂海，溫都氏，滿洲鑲白旗人。自筆帖式授內閣中書，歷宗人府郎中，兼佐領。康熙三十二年，聖祖親征噶爾丹，命鄂海赴寧夏儲備牲畜。陝西按察使員缺，上以命鄂海，且諭之曰：「初任外僚，每言潔其身以圖報。及蒞任，輒背其言。朕於數十從臣中簡爾為按察使，爾當益勵素行也。」三十七年，遷布政使。四十年，擢巡撫。

E Hai, of the Wensu clan, was a Manchu bannerman of the Bordered White Banner. Starting as a Grand Secretariat clerk, he became a secretariat secretary, served as a director in the Imperial Clan Court, and concurrently held assistant battalion commander. In Kangxi 32 the emperor personally campaigned against Galdan and sent E Hai to Ningxia to gather livestock. When the Shaanxi surveillance commissioner post fell vacant, the emperor appointed E Hai with these words: "New provincial officials always vow to keep themselves clean in repayment of imperial favor. Yet once in office they invariably break that promise. I have chosen you from among dozens of courtiers for this post; see that you live up to the character you have shown." In the thirty-seventh year he was promoted to provincial administration commissioner. In the fortieth year he became governor.

四十九年，授湖廣總督。鎮筸邊外紅苗為亂，令總兵張谷貞等召苗目宣諭，毛都塘等五十二寨、盤塘等八十三寨，先後薙發歸化，上嘉之。五十二年，移督川、陝。疏報甘肅洮、岷邊外大山生番請歸化，上以洮、岷邊外無生番，或為蒙古屬部，命詳察。鄂海奏大山在洮州東南土司楊汝松界外，非蒙古屬部，宜令汝松兼轄；复疏報四川會川營界外涼山番目阿木哨請歸化，歲貢馬，請給番目職銜，令轄所屬番、民：並從之。甘肅靖遠、固原、會寧歲歉飢，民乏食，疏給口糧資本，撫輯流移。

In the forty-ninth year he was made governor-general of Huguang. When Red Miao beyond the Zhenqian frontier rebelled, he sent regional commander Zhang Guzhen to summon tribal headmen; fifty-two stockades including Maodutang and eighty-three including Pantang successively tonsured and submitted; the emperor praised the result. In the fifty-second year he was transferred to governor-general of Sichuan and Shaanxi. He reported that wild tribes beyond the Tao and Min frontier in Gansu sought to submit; the emperor noted that no such tribes existed there and that they might be Mongol dependents, and ordered a full inquiry. E Hai reported that Dashan lay outside the jurisdiction of native chieftain Yang Rusong southeast of Taozhou, was not a Mongol dependency, and should be placed under Yang's expanded authority; He also reported that tribal headman Amushao of Liangshan beyond the Huichuan garrison in Sichuan sought submission, offered horses as annual tribute, and requested an official title to govern his people; the court approved all requests. When famine struck Jingyuan, Guyuan, and Huining in Gansu, he distributed grain and seed funds and worked to settle displaced refugees.

五十七年，大將軍貝子允等率師討策妄阿喇布坦，駐兵西寧、甘州、莊浪諸處。鄂海請發西安庫帑四十萬，並撥平涼、鞏昌、寧夏倉穀十萬，充餉；以陝西葭州、甘肅寧夏等二十八處轉輸軍需，請豁丁糧，紓民力。五十八年，復請豁甘肅逋欠錢糧草束，俾民得盡力輸納本年糧草以佐軍，戶部格不行，特旨允之。六十年，詔解任專治糧餉，以四川巡撫年羹堯代之。未幾，命往吐魯番種地效力。雍正元年，予原品休致，效力如故。尋卒。

In the fifty-seventh year Grand General Prince Yin marched against Tsewang Rabtan, quartering troops at Xining, Ganzhou, Zhuanglang, and elsewhere. E Hai requested four hundred thousand taels from the Xi'an treasury and a hundred thousand piculs of grain from stores at Pingliang, Gongchang, and Ningxia for army rations; With twenty-eight relay points including Jiazhou in Shaanxi and Ningxia in Gansu moving supplies, he asked to exempt labor grain levies to ease the burden on the people. In the fifty-eighth year he again sought remission of Gansu's arrears in taxes, grain, and fodder so people could pay the current year's levies for the campaign; the Board of Revenue refused, but the emperor overruled and granted it. In the sixtieth year he was relieved of general duties to focus solely on supplies, with Sichuan governor Nian Gengyao succeeding to his broader post. Soon he was sent to Turfan to serve through agricultural labor. In Yongzheng 1 he was permitted to retire at his former rank while continuing his assigned service. He died soon after.

衛既齊，字伯嚴，山西猗氏人。父紹芳，字猶箴，順治三年進士，授河南尉氏知縣。兵後修復城郭、學校，勤勸課，廣積儲，禁暴戢姦，尉氏民頌焉。行取兵部主事，累遷貴州提學道僉事、浙江巡海道副使。

Wei Jiqi, styled Boyan, was from Yishi in Shanxi. His father Shaofang, styled Youzhen, passed the jinshi examination in Shunzhi 3 and became magistrate of Weishi in Henan. After the wars he rebuilt walls and schools, promoted farming, built up reserves, and suppressed crime; the people of Weishi praised him. Promoted from the ranks, he served as a secretary in the Ministry of War, then rose to education intendant in Guizhou and vice commissioner of Zhejiang coastal defense.

既齊，康熙三年進士，改庶吉士，散館授檢討。講學志當世之務，上疏言時事，語戇直。會遭祖母喪，假歸。居久之，詣京師補官。上命以對品調外，授直隸霸州州判。既齊召民之秀良者曹試而教誨之，俾各有所成就。民貸於旗丁，子錢過倍，橫索無已。既齊力禁戢之，無敢逞。迭署固安、永清、平谷知縣，所至輒有惠政。巡撫於成龍疏薦。會既齊以母憂去，繼复遭父喪。一日，上御門，舉既齊諮於九卿，僉曰賢，命复授檢討。二十七年，服闋，詣京師補官。上知既齊講學負清望，超擢山東布政使。既齊感激，益自奮勉為清廉，令府縣輸款封還平餘。門懸鉦，吏民白事得自通。建歷山書院，仿經義、治事之例，設奎、壁二齋課士。護巡撫印者再。清庶獄，結八十餘案，株累數百人盡釋去。在官三年，有聲績。三十年，授順天府尹，疏請按行所部，黜陟屬吏賢不肖。上以為無益，不許。尋擢副都御史，聞山、陝蝗見，平陽以南尤甚，疏請賑恤，上責其懸揣。

Wei Jiqi passed the jinshi in Kangxi 3, entered the Hanlin Academy, and upon graduation was appointed reviewing compiler. In his lectures he addressed the pressing issues of the day; his memorials on current affairs were blunt and forthright. When his grandmother died he took leave to return home. After a long stay at home he returned to the capital to resume his post. The emperor transferred him to an outside post at equivalent rank, appointing him assistant magistrate of Bazhou in Zhili. He gathered the county's promising young men, examined them in groups, and tutored them so each could develop his talents. Civilians who borrowed from bannermen faced interest above double the principal and endless harassment. Wei Jiqi rigorously suppressed the practice until no one dared abuse it. Serving in turn as acting magistrate of Gu'an, Yongqing, and Pinggu, he left benevolent policies wherever he went. Governor Yu Chenglong recommended him in a memorial. When Wei Jiqi left office for his mother's mourning, his father also died soon after. One day at imperial audience the emperor asked the Nine Ministers about Wei Jiqi; all declared him worthy, and he was reappointed reviewing compiler. In the twenty-seventh year, when his mourning period ended, he returned to the capital to resume service. Knowing Wei Jiqi's scholarly reputation and integrity, the emperor bypassed normal promotion and made him Shandong provincial administration commissioner. Grateful for the trust, he doubled his efforts at integrity, ordering prefectures and counties to remit revenues and return any surplus intact. He hung a gong at his gate so officials and commoners could petition him directly. He founded Lishan Academy with Kui and Bi halls, modeled on the Hanlin categories of classical learning and practical governance, to instruct scholars. Twice he served as acting governor. He cleared the backlog of cases, closing more than eighty proceedings and releasing hundreds who had been implicated by association. In three years in office he won distinction. In the thirtieth year he became metropolitan governor of Shuntian and asked to tour his district to promote worthy subordinates and remove the unfit. The emperor saw no benefit in the proposal and refused. Soon promoted to vice censor-in-chief, he heard of locusts in Shanxi and Shaanxi, worst south of Pingyang, and memorialized for relief; the emperor rebuked him for speculating without evidence.

旋授貴州巡撫。紹芳為提學，士民祠焉。既齊至貴州，謁父祠受事。黎平知府張瀲、副將侯奇嵩報古州高洞苗金濤匿罪人殺吏，請發兵進剿，既齊疏聞，即遣兵捕治；瀲、奇嵩复報兵至斬苗一千一百一十八人，既齊復以聞。旋察知瀲、奇嵩妄報，疏實陳，請奪瀲、奇嵩官勘治。上責既齊輕率虛妄，遣尚書庫勒納、內閣學士溫保往按。旋命逮既齊至京師，上令九卿詰責。既齊引罪請死，九卿議當斬，上命貸之，遣戍黑龍江。明年，赦還。家居，立社課士，斥家資供膏火。三十八年，上命承修永定河工。三十九年，又命督培高家堰，卒工次。

He was soon made governor of Guizhou. His father Shaofang had served as education intendant, and scholars and commoners had built a shrine in his honor. Upon reaching Guizhou, Wei Jiqi visited his father's shrine before assuming office. Liping prefect Zhang Lian and vice-general Hou Qisong reported that Jin Tao, a Gaodong Miao of Guzhou, was harboring criminals and had killed officials, and asked for a punitive expedition; Wei Jiqi reported this at once and dispatched troops; Zhang Lian and Hou Qisong then reported that the troops had beheaded 1,118 Miao; Wei Jiqi relayed this to the throne. Learning the report was false, he submitted the facts and asked that Zhang Lian and Hou Qisong be stripped of rank and investigated. The emperor blamed Wei Jiqi for reckless credulity and sent Minister Kule Na and Grand Secretariat academician Wen Bao to investigate. Wei Jiqi was soon summoned to the capital, where the Nine Ministers interrogated him on the emperor's orders. Wei Jiqi accepted blame and asked for death; the Nine Ministers recommended execution; the emperor spared him and exiled him to Heilongjiang. The following year he was pardoned and allowed to return. At home he founded a literary society, spending his own fortune on students' supplies. In the thirty-eighth year the emperor put him in charge of Yongding River repairs. In the thirty-ninth year he was assigned to reinforce the Gaojiayan embankment and died on the job.

論曰：康熙中葉後，天下乂安，封疆大吏多尚廉能，奉職循理。若石琳改賦役，徐潮革火耗，博霽、華顯、音泰整飭武備，安不忘危，皆能舉其職者。劉廕樞志在休民，未知應兵之不容已，蔣陳錫、鄂海又以督餉稽遲蒙譴，衛既齊遭際殊異，而不獲以功名終，其治行皆有可稱，膏澤及於民，無深淺遠近，要為不沫矣。

Commentary: After the mid-Kangxi era the empire was at peace, and frontier governors mostly prized integrity and competence, fulfilling their duties conscientiously. Shi Lin reformed tax and corvée assessments, Xu Chao abolished meltage surcharges, and Bo Ji, Hua Xian, and Yin Tai strengthened military readiness—secure yet vigilant—all fulfilling their duties well. Liu Yinshu sought to give the people rest but failed to see that war could not always be avoided; Jiang Chenxi and E Hai were censured for supply delays; Wei Jiqi's fate was singular and he did not finish his career in glory—yet all had governance worth praise; their benefits reached the people alike, near or far, great or small—in the end their legacy has not faded.

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