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列傳六十二
Biographies 62
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格爾古德金世德趙士麟郭世隆傅臘塔馬如龍
Ge Ergu'e, Jin Shide, Zhao Shilin, Guo Shilong, Fu Lata, and Ma Rulong
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格爾古德，字宜亭，鈕祜祿氏，滿洲鑲藍旗人。 自筆帖式授內院副理事官。 康熙三年，從定西將軍圖海平湖廣茅麓山李自成餘部。 師還，遷弘文院侍讀，進翰林院侍讀學士，充日講起居注官。 十三年，從安親王岳樂討吳三桂。 三桂將林興珠降，上策請分水師，泊君山，斷常德道； 泊香爐夾扁山，斷長沙、衡州道：則三桂將坐困。 安親王令格爾古德馳奏，並以興珠語聞，上密諭駐岳州諸將議行。 師還，擢詹事，遷內閣學士。
Ge Ergu'e, whose style was Yiting, belonged to the Niohuru clan and came from the Manchu Bordered Blue Banner. He rose from the rank of bithesi clerk to become associate director of the Inner Court. In Kangxi 3 (1664) he followed General Tu Hai, the Pacifier of the West, in suppressing Li Zicheng's remaining followers at Maolu Mountain in Huguang. After the campaign he was made a reader in the Hongwen Academy, then promoted to Hanlin reader-in-waiting and appointed daily lecturer and recorder of the imperial diary. In Kangxi 13 (1674) he accompanied Prince An, Yuele, on the campaign against Wu Sangui. After Wu Sangui's general Lin Xingzhu defected, Ge submitted a plan to split the fleet: station ships at Junshan to sever the Changde line; anchor others at Xianglu, Jiabian, and Bianshan to block the roads to Changsha and Hengzhou—so that Wu's commanders would be hemmed in. Prince An had Ge Ergu'e rush a memorial to court and report Lin's proposal; the emperor secretly ordered the generals at Yuezhou to discuss and implement it. After the army came home he was promoted to grand tutor of the heir apparent and then made a grand secretary of the Grand Secretariat.
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二十一年，授直隸巡撫。 上諭之曰：「金世德、於成龍為巡撫有聲，爾承其後，得名甚難。 若急於求名，或致僨事，爾其懍諸！ 直隸旗下莊頭與民雜處，倚恃聲勢，每為民害。 爾其嚴察懲創，即皇莊亦毋寬宥。」 八旗圈地屬於王公大臣者，輒置莊，設莊頭，主徵租，遂以病民，上深知之，故以諭格爾古德。 格爾古德尋疏言：「自鬻投旗之人，或作姦犯科，冀逃法網； 或遊手好閒，規避差徭。 本主聽其仍居本籍，放債牟利，則諱旗而稱民； 窩逃構訟，遇官長訪聞，又舍民而稱旗。 詐害良善，官不敢問。 應責成本主，止留農戶在莊，餘俱收回服役。 有徇縱者議處。」 下所司飭禁，並諭戶部：「凡鬻身之人，先經犯罪，投旗冀倖免者，與知情之本主，並從重治罪。」 時大學士明珠所屬佐領下人戶指圈民間塚地，民訴於戶部，事下巡撫，令宛平縣察勘。 知縣王養濂言無礙民塚，格爾古德疏劾圈佔塚地屬實，養濂罣吏議。 詔嗣後有如此者，嚴懲不貸。 自康熙初，鼇拜柄政，總督硃昌祚等以圈地獲罪，由是無敢訟言其失者。 至奸民竄入旗下，尋仇傾陷，狡桀莫能製。 獨格爾古德承上指，執法嚴懲，時稱為「鐵面」。
In Kangxi 21 (1682) he was appointed governor of Zhili. The emperor told him: "Jin Shide and Yu Chenglong were famous as governors. You follow in their footsteps, and earning a reputation will be difficult. If you chase fame too eagerly you may ruin the work—take heed! In Zhili, banner estate managers live among commoners and, leaning on their influence, often prey on the people. Investigate rigorously and punish offenders—even on the emperor's own estates, show no leniency." On banner lands allotted to princes and high officials, estates were routinely established with rent-collecting managers who burdened the people—an abuse the emperor knew well, which is why he gave Ge Ergu'e these orders. Ge Ergu'e soon memorialized: "People who sell themselves into banner households either commit crimes hoping to evade the law; or are idlers who dodge corvée and tax duties. Their masters let them stay in their home districts to lend at interest, and they hide their banner ties and pass as civilians; they harbor fugitives and stir lawsuits; when officials investigate, they drop the civilian pretense and claim banner privilege. They cheat honest people, and magistrates dare not touch them. Hold the original master accountable; keep only farming families on the estate and recall the rest to banner service. Anyone who shields them should face disciplinary action." The order went to the relevant offices, and the Board of Revenue was told: "Anyone who had committed a crime before selling himself into a banner to escape justice, together with a master who knew it, shall be punished severely." About then, dependents of Assistant Banner Commander under Grand Secretary Mingzhu seized commoners' graveyards. The people appealed to the Board of Revenue; the case went to the governor, who ordered Wanping county to survey the site. Magistrate Wang Yanglian reported no harm to common graves, but Ge Ergu'e impeached him and proved the seizure true; Wang was referred for disciplinary action. An edict declared that hereafter such offenses would be punished without mercy. Since early Kangxi, when Oboi dominated the government, Governor Zhu Changzuo and others had been punished for protesting land seizures, and afterward no one dared sue over banner encroachments. When ruffians slipped under banner protection to settle scores and frame rivals, their cunning lawlessness went unchecked. Only Ge Ergu'e, acting on the emperor's intent, enforced the law relentlessly and was known as "Iron Face."
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二十三年，上幸五台山，格爾古德迎駕，詢地方賢吏，以靈壽知縣陸隴其對。 尋疏薦井陘道李基和、盧龍知縣衛立鼎與隴其廉能，下部擢用。 頃之，以疾乞休，優詔慰留。 會詔廷臣公舉清廉官，首以格爾古德列奏。 上念其羸疾，遣御醫診視。 未幾，卒，賜卹加等，諡文清。
In Kangxi 23 (1684), when the emperor visited Mount Wutai, Ge Ergu'e met the procession and, asked about capable local officials, named Lingshou magistrate Lu Longqi. He soon recommended Jingxing circuit intendant Li Jihe, Lulong magistrate Wei Liding, and Longqi for integrity and ability, and the court promoted them. Soon he asked to retire on account of illness; the emperor graciously urged him to stay. When the court was ordered to nominate incorrupt officials, Ge Ergu'e headed the list. Mindful of his frail health, the emperor sent an imperial physician to treat him. He died soon after; the court granted enhanced funeral honors and the posthumous title Wengqing (Cultured and Pure).
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格爾古德清介，布衣蔬食，卻餽遺，纖毫不以自污。 上嘗責漕運總督碩幹居官無狀，碩幹言：「臣為眾所忌，故未能致聲譽。」 上曰：「格爾古德為巡撫，沒後人猶思慕稱頌。 居官苟善，豈有不致聲譽者？」 為上所重如此。 祀直隸名宦。
Ge Ergu'e was incorruptible—he wore plain clothes, ate simple food, refused gifts, and would not let the smallest bribe touch him. The emperor once rebuked Grain Transport Director-general Shuogan for poor conduct in office. Shuogan replied, "Your servant is widely envied, and so I have failed to win a good name." The emperor said, "When Ge Ergu'e was governor, people still mourned and praised him after his death. If you truly govern well, how can you fail to earn a reputation?" Such was the esteem in which the emperor held him. He was entered in the shrine of eminent officials of Zhili.
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金世德，字孟求，漢軍正黃旗人，兵部侍郎維城子。 淹貫經史，精國書。 以廕生授內院博士，累擢左副都御史。 康熙七年，授直隸巡撫。 是時尚循明製，直隸不置兩司，世德請設守道理錢穀，巡道理刑名，如外省布政、按察二司。 由是始有專司。 畿北諸郡，旗、民雜處，易於容姦，請立屯長以治之。 唐縣等三十七州縣，田一千六百餘頃，河流沙擁，民不能耕。 歲輸銀二萬有奇、穀豆三百九十石，歷年責原戶納賦為民害，世德為奏請除額。 地震通州等九州縣，復請賑恤，並蠲免錢糧。 皆如所請行。 師南征，供億繁急。 世德單騎行營中，躬料芻糗，軍無橫索，吏無侵漁，市肆晏然。 十九年，卒，諡清惠。
Jin Shide, whose style was Mengqiu, came from the Chinese Bordered Yellow Banner and was the son of Vice Minister of War Weicheng. He was deeply versed in the classics and histories and skilled in Manchu script. Through hereditary privilege he became a doctor of the Inner Court and rose to left vice censor-in-chief. In Kangxi 7 (1668) he was appointed governor of Zhili. Zhili still followed the Ming pattern without provincial commissioners; Shide asked that circuit intendants handle fiscal affairs and circuit judges handle criminal cases, as in other provinces. Dedicated offices were established as a result. In the districts north of the capital, where banners and commoners lived side by side and crime was easy to hide, he asked that village heads be appointed to keep order. In thirty-seven prefectures and counties including Tang, more than 1,600 qing of farmland were buried under river sand and could not be cultivated. Yet the tax rolls still demanded more than twenty thousand taels of silver and three hundred ninety shi of grain yearly from the original households—a burden Shide had removed by memorial. After earthquakes struck nine prefectures and counties including Tongzhou, he again sought relief and tax exemptions. The court approved every request. When the southern campaign began, supply demands grew urgent. Shide rode alone through the camps to oversee fodder and rations himself; troops did not requisition at will, clerks did not extort, and markets stayed calm. He died in Kangxi 19 (1680) and was posthumously titled Qinghui (Pure and Kind).
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趙士麟，字麟伯，雲南河陽人。 康熙三年進士，授貴州平遠推官。 改直隸容城知縣，緝盜衛民，創正學書院，與諸生講學。 行取，授吏部主事。 歷郎中，擢光祿寺少卿，三遷至左副都御史。 疏請台灣改郡縣比內地，設總兵鎮守，省沿海之戍卒，詔報可。
Zhao Shilin, whose style was Linbo, came from Heyang in Yunnan. Having passed the jinshi examination in Kangxi 3 (1664), he was appointed investigating censor of Pingyuan in Guizhou. Transferred to Rongcheng in Zhili as magistrate, he suppressed bandits, founded the Zhengxue Academy, and lectured students. Selected for capital service, he was made a principal clerk in the Ministry of Personnel. He rose through bureau director posts to vice minister of the Court of Imperial Entertainments and, after three promotions, to left vice censor-in-chief. He memorialized to reorganize Taiwan into prefectures and counties like the interior, garrison it with a regional commander, and reduce coastal troops; the court approved.
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二十三年，授浙江巡撫。 杭州民貸於駐防旗兵，名為「印子錢」，取息重，至鬻妻孥賣田舍； 不償，則閧於官。 營兵馬化龍毆官，成大獄。 士麟移會將軍掣繳券約，捐資代償。 將軍令減子歸母，母复減十之六。 事遂解，民大稱頌。 詔裁浙江總督，總督駐衢州，督標兵三千被汰，乏食譁掠，民罷市。 士麟仍濟以餉，因奏設副將一，定額兵八百餘，留撥各營缺額。 眾乃定。 浙中豪右衙蠹，驕悍不法，為民害。 士麟廉得其狀，悉置之法，強暴斂跡。 省城河道久淤，督役疏濬，半載訖工，民以為便。 复繕城隍，修學校，親蒞書院，與諸生講論經史及濂、洛、關、閩之學，士風大振。 禁革規費，積弊一清。 二十五年，移撫江蘇。 浙人懷之，繪圖以志去思，並於西湖敬一書院肖像祀之。 尋召為兵部督捕侍郎，調吏部，皆能舉其職。 三十七年，卒。 祀浙江名宦。
In Kangxi 23 (1684) he was appointed governor of Zhejiang. Hangzhou commoners borrowed from garrison banner troops in loans called "seal-money" at crushing interest, until they sold wives, children, and farms; and when they could not repay, they mobbed the yamen. When garrison soldier Ma Hualong assaulted an official, the affair blew into a major case. Shilin wrote the garrison general to seize and cancel the loan contracts and contributed funds to pay the debts for the people. The general ordered interest cut to principal only; Shilin further reduced the burden by sixty percent. The crisis ended, and the people praised him widely. When the Zhejiang governor-generalship was abolished, the former governor-general at Quzhou lost three thousand troops to cuts; starving, they rioted and looted, and towns shut their markets. Shilin still fed them from provincial funds and memorialized to create a deputy commander post with eight hundred regular troops, drawing on vacant quotas from other camps. Order was restored. Powerful clans and yamen parasites in Zhejiang were arrogant and lawless, preying on the people. Shilin investigated thoroughly, punished them all by law, and the bullies fell silent. The capital's canals had long been choked with silt; he supervised dredging that finished in half a year to public relief. He repaired the walls and moat, restored schools, lectured at the academy on the classics and the Song Neo-Confucian traditions of Zhou Dunyi, the Cheng brothers, Zhang Zai, and the Fujian school, and scholarly morale revived sharply. He banned illicit customary fees and swept away entrenched abuses. In Kangxi 25 (1686) he was transferred to Jiangsu. Zhejiang people missed him, commissioned paintings to remember his departure, and enshrined his portrait at the Jingyi Academy on West Lake. He was soon recalled as vice minister of War in charge of pursuit and arrest, then moved to Personnel; in each post he performed admirably. He died in Kangxi 37 (1698). He was entered in the shrine of eminent officials of Zhejiang.
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士麟潛心正學，以硃子為歸。 躬行實踐，施於政事，士愨民恬，所至皆有聲績。
Shilin devoted himself to orthodox learning with Zhu Xi as his guide. He practiced what he taught in government; scholars grew upright and the people content; wherever he served he left a celebrated record.
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郭世隆，字昌伯，漢軍鑲紅旗人。 父洪臣，原籍汾州。 順治二年，英親王阿濟格下九江，洪臣隨明將左夢庚來降，入旗，授佐領，分轄降眾。 累官湖廣道州總兵。 康熙四年，世隆襲管佐領，授禮部員外郎，改御史。 二十七年，盛京福陵守兵訴其兄冤死，命世隆往按，得誣良刑偪自縊狀，原審侍郎阿禮瑚等坐失實奪官。 頃之，超擢內閣學士。 聖祖謁孝陵，經通州，山西禮縣民訴知縣萬世緯及知府紀元婪索狀，命世隆會督撫按治。 世緯坐貪婪、科派、杖斃無罪人，元坐受賕薦世緯卓異，皆論死。
Guo Shilong, whose style was Changbo, came from the Chinese Bordered Red Banner. His father Hongchen was a native of Fenzhou. In Shunzhi 2 (1645), when Prince Ying Ajige took Jiujiang, Hongchen followed the Ming general Zuo Menggeng in surrender, entered the banners as an assistant banner commander, and governed the surrendered troops. He eventually became regional commander of Daozhou in Huguang. In Kangxi 4 (1665) Shilong inherited his father's assistant banner command, became a vice director in the Ministry of Rites, and was transferred to the censorate. In Kangxi 27 (1688), guards at Mukden's Fuling mausoleum appealed that Shilong's brother had been wrongfully killed; ordered to investigate, he proved framing, torture, and forced suicide, and the original reviewers, including Vice Minister Alihu, were stripped of office for false findings. Soon after he was promoted to grand secretary of the Grand Secretariat. When the Kangxi Emperor visited the Xiaoling mausoleum and passed Tongzhou, people of Lixian in Shanxi accused Magistrate Wan Shiwei and Prefect Ji Yuan of extortion; Shilong was ordered to investigate jointly with the governor-general and governor. Shiwei was sentenced to death for greed, illegal levies, and beating innocents to death; Yuan was sentenced to death for taking bribes and falsely recommending Shiwei as outstanding.
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二十九年，代於成龍為直隸巡撫。 先是，罷任安溪知縣孫鏞告福建巡撫張仲舉、布政使張永茂侵蝕庫帑，遣郎中吳爾泰會總督勘訊，至即拘訊知府六人，連引州縣官數十人。 上聞疑之，命世隆往按，發仲舉與前布政使張汧竄改賦冊、侵隱已徵額銀捏作民欠，又汧遷湖廣巡撫虧福建庫帑三十餘萬，仲舉前任湖南布政亦虧帑，相約互抵； 嗣仲舉聞汧以贓敗，而福建庫尚未完，飭屬代為彌縫，左證悉合。 仲舉、永茂俱論罪如律。
In Kangxi 29 (1690) he succeeded Yu Chenglong as governor of Zhili. Earlier, dismissed Anxi magistrate Sun Yong had accused Fujian Governor Zhang Zhongju and Administration Commissioner Zhang Yongmao of embezzling provincial funds; Bureau Director Wu Ertai was sent with the governor-general to investigate, and on arrival immediately detained six prefects and implicated dozens of county and prefectural officials. The emperor grew suspicious and sent Shilong to investigate. He found that Zhongju and former Administration Commissioner Zhang Qian had altered tax registers, concealed collected revenues, and fabricated popular arrears; Zhang Qian, now Huguang governor, had left Fujian's treasury short more than three hundred thousand taels, and Zhongju had done the same in Hunan—they had agreed to cover for each other; and when Zhang Qian fell on corruption charges while Fujian's books were still short, Zhongju ordered subordinates to paper over the gap—all evidence aligned. Zhongju and Yongmao were both sentenced under the law.
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世隆之任，帝諭曰：「於成龍居官甚善，繼之不易，爾當勤慎任事。」 順天、保定、真定、永平諸府旱，世隆奉命履勘，疏言：「被災者七十四州縣，請蠲本年及來年額賦。 霸、文安等十四州縣災尤重，請治賑。」 迭疏籌積貯，並以奉天歲豐，請飭山海關暫聽民間轉糶，仍限肩挑馱負，不得以大車裝載，皆如所請。 又疏言：「真定地當衝要，所屬贊皇縣，西有大峪曰子午套，素為盜藪，請移紫荊關副將駐真定； 調馬、步兵二千分防霸州。」 子牙河決，淹沒田畝，請修築大城等縣堤岸，並濬王家口、黑龍港諸支流堙塞者，皆報可。
When Shilong took office, the emperor told him: "Yu Chenglong governed exceedingly well; succeeding him will not be easy—you must serve diligently and carefully." Drought struck Shuntian, Baoding, Zhending, Yongping, and other prefectures; ordered to inspect in person, Shilong memorialized that seventy-four prefectures and counties had been hit and asked to remit this year's and next year's tax quotas. Fourteen prefectures and counties including Ba and Wen'an were hardest hit; he asked for organized relief." He repeatedly planned grain reserves and, because Fengtian had had a good harvest, asked that Shanhaiguan temporarily allow private grain shipments by pole and pack animal only, not by cart—all approved. He also memorialized that Zhending lay on a vital route and that Zanhuang county to the west had a bandit haunt called Ziwutao; he asked that the Zijing Pass deputy commander be stationed at Zhending; and that two thousand cavalry and infantry be redeployed to garrison Bazhou." When the Ziya River burst and flooded farmland, he asked to rebuild dikes in Dacheng and other counties and dredge blocked tributaries such as Wangjiakou and Heilonggang—all approved.
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三十四年，擢閩浙總督。 歲歉，率閉糴居奇。 世隆疏請蠲賦，並發帑二十萬，乞糴江、浙，海運平糶，詔俞之。 先是浙省奏請鼓鑄，官吏射利，請減其分數。 由是私鑄者眾，每錢不及七八分，壅滯不行。 三十八年，上南巡，世隆迎駕，至杭州，民擁輿赴訴。 乃停官爐，發帑收毀私錢，錢得流布。 上聞，為褒美。 鄞縣沿海田，被水沖決一千七十餘畝，請永免額賦。
In Kangxi 34 (1695) he was promoted to governor-general of Fujian and Zhejiang. In lean years merchants hoarded grain to drive up prices. Shilong sought tax relief and two hundred thousand taels from the treasury to buy grain in Jiangsu and Zhejiang and sell it fairly by sea; the court agreed. Earlier Zhejiang had sought permission to mint coin; officials profited by debasing the alloy. Private minting flourished; coins were worth less than seven or eight fen each and would not circulate. In Kangxi 38 (1699), during the southern tour, Shilong met the emperor at Hangzhou, where people mobbed his chair with petitions. He halted the official mints, used treasury funds to buy up and melt private coin, and currency circulated again. The emperor praised him when he heard. More than 1,070 mu of coastal fields in Yin county had been washed away; he asked for permanent tax exemption.
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四十一年，調兩廣總督。 廣東海疆二千餘裡，守汛遼闊，盜賊出沒無常。 世隆疏定營製，增設兵船巡哨，迭擊敗海盜，沉其舟四十五。 疏報擒海陽巨盜蔡玉也等五人。 上遣刑部侍郎常綬往勘，因議世隆平時禁賊不嚴，盜發，朦朧掩飾，坐奪官。
In Kangxi 41 (1702) he was transferred to governor-general of the Two Guangs. Guangdong's coast stretched more than two thousand li; garrisons were thin and pirates came and went unpredictably. Shilong standardized camp organization, added patrol vessels, repeatedly defeated pirates, and sank forty-five of their ships. He reported capturing the Haiyang bandit chief Cai Yuye and four accomplices. The emperor sent Vice Minister of Punishments Chang Shou to investigate; Shilong was found to have been lax about piracy in peacetime and to have glossed over the outbreak, and he was stripped of office.
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四十六年，起湖廣總督、疏陳防守紅苗，請沿邊安設塘汛，禁內地民與苗往來，並勿與為婚姻。 未幾，召為刑部尚書。 五十年，以山西流匪陳四等潛入湖廣，鳩黨劫掠，世隆前任總督坐失察，奪官。 五十二年，萬壽，復原品。 居三年，卒。 直隸、福建、浙江、兩廣、湖廣皆祀名宦。
In Kangxi 46 (1707) he was recalled as Huguang governor-general and memorialized on defending the Red Miao, asking for border watch posts, a ban on trade between interior people and the Miao, and a ban on intermarriage. Soon he was recalled as minister of Punishments. In Kangxi 50 (1711), when Shanxi bandits led by Chen Si infiltrated Huguang and raided, Shilong was punished for failing to detect them during his earlier term and lost his post. In Kangxi 52 (1713), at the imperial birthday celebration, his original rank was restored. Three years later he died. He was entered in the shrines of eminent officials in Zhili, Fujian, Zhejiang, the Two Guangs, and Huguang.
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傅臘塔，伊爾根覺羅氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人。 自筆帖式授內閣中書，遷侍讀。 康熙十九年，授山東道御史，有聲台中。 二十五年，出為陝西布政使。 二十六年，擢左副都御史，遷工部侍郎。 二十七年，偕侍郎多奇往雲南按提督萬正色與總兵王珍互訐事。 讞實，正色、珍俱論罪有差。 調吏部，授兩江總督。 陛辭，上諭曰：「爾當潔己奉公，督兩江無如於成龍者，爾效之可矣！」 傅臘塔至官，清弊政，斥貪墨，讞獄尤明慎。 贛縣民訴知縣劉瀚芳私徵銀米十餘萬，並蠹役不法。 傅臘塔因劾布政使多弘安、按察使吳延貴、贛南道鍾有德於吏役婪贓不速勘，復從輕擬，曲為庇護，弘安、延貴、有德並坐罷。
Fu Lata, of the Irgen Gioro clan, came from the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner. He rose from bithesi clerk to Grand Secretariat secretary and then reader. In Kangxi 19 (1680) he became censor of the Shandong circuit and won renown at court. In Kangxi 25 (1686) he became administration commissioner of Shaanxi. In Kangxi 26 (1687) he was promoted to left vice censor-in-chief and made vice minister of Works. In Kangxi 27 (1688) he went with Vice Minister Duoqi to Yunnan to investigate mutual accusations between Regional Commander Wan Zhengse and Regional Commander Wang Zhen. The charges were proved; both were punished, though not equally. Transferred to Personnel, he was appointed governor-general of the Two Jiangs. At his farewell audience the emperor said: "Keep yourself pure and serve the public. Among Two Jiangs governors none equals Yu Chenglong—follow his example!" At his post Fu Lata swept away abuses, expelled the corrupt, and judged cases with exceptional clarity and care. People of Gan county accused Magistrate Liu Hanfang of privately levying more than one hundred thousand taels of silver and grain and of corrupt clerks acting unlawfully. Fu Lata impeached Administration Commissioner Duo Hong'an, Surveillance Commissioner Wu Yangui, and Gannan Circuit Intendant Zhong Youde for delaying investigation of corrupt clerks, recommending lenient sentences, and shielding the guilty—all three were dismissed.
18
二十八年，上南巡，閱運河，命傅臘塔會河道總督王新命勘儀真河閘。 疏言：「閘外為北新洲，北新洲外又有漲沙平鋪江中。 應疏北新洲支河，直通四閘。 糧艘循漲沙尾入新河口，可以通行。」 別疏言：「江寧廛稅累民，內輸房稅，外輸廊鈔，更外輸棚租，請予蠲免。」 皆如所請。 二十九年，淮、徐飢，發常平倉穀賑恤，災民賴焉。 蘆洲丈量，例委佐貳，民苦需索。 傅臘塔定五年一行，悉以印官理其事。 歷年逋賦，量為帶徵，由是積困頓甦。 是年，監臨江南鄉試，疏稱士子應試者萬有餘人，請廣科舉額，下部議，增廣額四十名。 疏劾大學士徐元文、原任尚書徐乾學縱子弟招權罔利，巡撫洪之傑徇私袒庇。 詔毋深究，予元文休致。 沭陽民周廷鑑叩閽訟降調侍郎胡簡敬居鄉不法，並及之傑瞻徇狀，命傅臘塔按治，得實，簡敬及其子弟並治罪，之傑奪官。
In Kangxi 28 (1689), during the southern tour, the emperor inspected the Grand Canal and ordered Fu Lata and Canal Director-general Wang Xinming to survey the Yizhen sluice. He memorialized that beyond the sluice lay Beixinzhou, and beyond that rising sand lay flat across the river. The Beixinzhou branch should be dredged to connect directly with the four sluices. Grain transports could follow the edge of the sandbar into the new mouth and pass through." In a separate memorial he said Jiangning's market taxes burdened the people with house tax, gallery fees, and shed rent, and asked that they be remitted." All were approved. In Kangxi 29 (1690), when Huai and Xu suffered famine, he released ever-normal granary grain for relief on which the victims depended. Luzhou land surveys were routinely delegated to deputies, and the people suffered extortion. Fu Lata ordered surveys once every five years and required sealed officials to conduct them. Years of tax arrears were collected in measured installments, and long-standing distress eased. That year, supervising the Jiangnan provincial examination, he reported more than ten thousand candidates and asked for more places; the ministries added forty. He impeached Grand Secretary Xu Yuanwen and former Minister Xu Qianxue for letting their sons seize power for profit, and Governor Hong Zhijie for shielding them. The court ordered no deep investigation and allowed Yuanwen to retire. A Shuyang man, Zhou Tingjian, petitioned at the palace gate against demoted Vice Minister Hu Jianjing for misconduct at home and Governor Hong Zhijie's favoritism; Fu Lata investigated, proved the charges, punished Hu and his sons, and stripped Hong of office.
19
三十二年，廣東巡撫江有良與巡鹽太常少卿沙拜互訐。 傅臘塔往按，有良、沙拜並坐受賕，奪官。 三十三年，疏言：「淮、揚所屬多版荒，巡撫宋犖曾請緩徵，格於部議。 臣履畝詳勘，鹽城、高郵等州縣因遇水災，業戶逃亡者眾。 今田有涸出之名，人無耕種之實，小民積困。 熟田額糧尚多懸欠，何能代償盈萬之荒賦？ 請恩賜蠲除，庶逃戶懷歸，安居樂業。」 疏入，下部議，不許，上特命免徵。 旋卒於官。 上聞，諭廷臣曰：「傅臘塔和而不流，不畏權勢，愛惜軍民。 兩江總督居官善者，於成龍而後，惟傅臘塔。」 遣太僕寺卿楊舒赴江寧致祭，贈太子太保，諡清端，予騎都尉世職。 士民懷之，為建祠江寧。 四十四年，上南巡，經雨花台，賜祠額曰「兩江遺愛」。 雍正中，入祀賢良祠。
In Kangxi 32 (1693), Guangdong Governor Jiang Youliang and Salt Inspector Shabei mutually accused each other. Fu Lata investigated; both were convicted of bribery and dismissed. In Kangxi 33 (1694) he memorialized that many fields under Huai and Yang were registered as waste land; Governor Song Luo's request for deferred collection had been blocked by the ministries. Walking the fields himself, he found that in Yancheng, Gaoyou, and other districts floods had driven away many landowners. Fields were listed as reclaimed from flood but in fact lay uncultivated, and the people were crushed by debt. Even cultivated land still owed heavy quotas—how could farmers also pay tens of thousands in tax on waste fields? He asked for gracious remission so fugitives would return and settle in peace. The ministries refused, but the emperor personally ordered exemption. He died in office soon after. When the emperor heard, he told the court: "Fu Lata was conciliatory but principled, feared no power, and cared for soldiers and civilians. Among Two Jiangs governors who served well, after Yu Chenglong there was only Fu Lata." He sent Minister Yang Shu to Jiangning to offer sacrifice, posthumously made him Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent with the title Qingduan (Pure and Upright), and granted a hereditary commandant of cavalry post. Scholars and commoners cherished him and built a shrine in Jiangning. In Kangxi 44 (1705), on a southern tour past Yuhuatai, the emperor bestowed the plaque "Two Jiangs' Enduring Grace." In the Yongzheng reign he was entered in the Shrine of Worthy Officials.
20
馬如龍，字見五，陝西綏德州人。 康熙十一年舉人。 十四年，陝西提督王輔臣據寧羌叛，其黨硃龍寇綏德，陷之。 如龍糾鄉勇倚山立寨，寇至，屢擊卻之。 輔臣誘以偽劄，斬其使。 會平逆將軍畢力克圖兵至，如龍渡河迎，呈偽劄，並陳賊虛實，因率所部為前鋒，克綏德。 畢力克圖以聞，即便宜令攝州事。 總督哈佔亦疏言如龍倡義拒賊狀，請優敘。
Ma Rulong, whose style was Jianwu, came from Suide in Shaanxi. He passed the provincial examination in Kangxi 11 (1672). In Kangxi 14 (1675), Shaanxi Provincial Commander Wang Fuchen rebelled from Ningqiang; his follower Zhu Long raided and captured Suide. Rulong rallied local militia, built a mountain stockade, and repeatedly repelled the raiders. Fuchen tried to win him with a forged commission; Rulong beheaded the envoy. When Pacification General Biliketu arrived, Rulong crossed the river to meet him, presented the forged dispatch, briefed him on rebel strength, led his men as vanguard, and recovered Suide. Biliketu reported the feat and immediately authorized him to act as prefect. Governor-general Hazhan also memorialized on Rulong's righteous resistance and asked for special recognition.
21
十六年，授直隸灤州知州。 州民猾而多盜，如龍鋤暴安良，豪右斂跡。 州有民殺人而埋其屍，四十年矣； 如龍宿逆旅，得白骨，問之，曰：「此屋十易主矣。」 縶最初一人至，鉤其情得實，置諸法。 昌平有殺人獄不得其主名，使如龍按之。 閱狀，則民父子殺於僧寺，並及僧五，而民居旁二姓皆與民有連，問之，謝不知。 使蹟之，二人相與語曰：「孰謂馬公察，易欺耳。」 執訊之，乃服。 自是民頌如龍能折獄。 十九年，以察出民間隱地，敘勞，入為戶部員外郎，歷刑部郎中，榷浙江北新關稅務。
In Kangxi 16 (1677) he was appointed prefect of Luanzhou in Zhili. The prefecture was rife with cunning people and bandits; Rulong suppressed violence and protected the law-abiding, and local bullies fell silent. A murder had been buried in the prefecture forty years earlier; lodging at an inn, Rulong found bones and was told, "This house has had ten owners." He detained the first owner, drew out a confession, and punished him by law. When a Changping murder case had no named culprit, Rulong was sent to investigate. The file showed a father and son killed in a temple along with five monks; two neighboring clans connected to the family denied all knowledge. When he had them followed, the two said to each other, "Who says Prefect Ma is sharp? He's easy to fool." Seized and interrogated, they confessed. Thereafter the people praised Rulong for unraveling difficult cases. In Kangxi 19 (1680), rewarded for uncovering concealed land, he entered the capital as a Revenue vice director, became a Punishments bureau director, and supervised the Beixin Pass customs in Zhejiang.
22
二十四年，遷杭州知府。 杭州民貸於旗營，息重不能償，質及子女。 如龍請於將軍，覈子母，以公使錢代償。 杭州民咸頌如龍。 二十八年，上南巡，聞其治行，超擢按察使。 平反庶獄，多所全活。 海賊楊士玉竄跡島嶼，勾土賊胡茂等剽掠商船，如龍設策擒之，盡殲其首從，巡撫張鵬翮以聞。 二十九年，遷布政使，屬吏有歲餽，悉禁絕之。 是年，紹興大水，庫儲絀，無可救濟。 如龍檄十一郡合輸米二萬餘石，按戶賑給，告屬吏曰：「是逾於歲餽多矣，」
In Kangxi 24 (1685) he was made prefect of Hangzhou. Hangzhou commoners borrowed from the banner garrison at crushing interest they could not repay, pledging even wives and children. Rulong appealed to the garrison general, verified principal and interest, and used public funds to repay the debts. All Hangzhou praised Rulong. In Kangxi 28 (1689), on the southern tour, the emperor heard of his record and promoted him to surveillance commissioner. He reversed wrongful convictions and saved many lives. Sea bandit Yang Shiyu hid on islands and, with local bandit Hu Mao and others, plundered merchant ships; Rulong captured them and wiped out the gang; Governor Zhang Penghe reported the feat. In Kangxi 29 (1690) he became administration commissioner and forbade all yearly gifts from subordinates. That year a great flood struck Shaoxing; the treasury was empty and relief seemed impossible. Rulong ordered eleven prefectures to deliver more than twenty thousand shi of rice for household relief and told his staff, "This is far more than your yearly gifts,"
23
三十一年，授江西巡撫。 整飭常平倉，春以羨米出貸，秋收還倉。 飭州縣廣積儲，備兇荒。 仿白鹿洞遺法，建書院以教士。 嚴溺女之禁。 疏請罷追轉漕腳耗。 三十八年，入覲，賜御書「老成清望」榜。 時淮、揚薦飢，如龍以江西連歲豐稔，率僚屬捐米十萬賑之。 以老病累疏乞休，詔輒慰留。 四十年，卒，賜祭葬。
In Kangxi 31 (1692) he was appointed governor of Jiangxi. He reorganized the ever-normal granaries to lend surplus grain in spring and return it after harvest. He ordered prefectures and counties to build grain reserves against famine. Following the White Deer Grotto model, he founded an academy to educate scholars. He strictly enforced the ban on female infanticide. He memorialized to end the pursuit of grain-transport porterage surcharges. In Kangxi 38 (1699) he attended court and received an imperial plaque inscribed "Mature Integrity and Clear Repute." When Huai and Yang suffered repeated famine, Rulong, drawing on Jiangxi's successive good harvests, led his staff in donating one hundred thousand dan of rice for relief. Age and illness led him to beg repeatedly to retire; each time the emperor urged him to stay. He died in Kangxi 40 (1701); the court granted sacrificial funeral honors.
24
論曰：守成世為大臣者，以仁心行仁政，培養元氣，其先務也。 兵革初息，瘡痍未復，格爾古德等任封疆之重，拊循安輯，與民休息，政績卓卓在耳目。 廷褒老成，野留遺愛，有以哉！
The historians comment: In an age of consolidation, great ministers must above all govern with benevolence and nurture the realm's vital energies. When war had barely ended and the land still lay wounded, Ge Ergu'e and others bore heavy frontier responsibilities, soothed the people, let them recover, and left achievements plain for all to see. The court honored their mature integrity, and the people cherished their enduring grace—rightly so!