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列傳七十三
Biographies 73
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王掞子奕清奕鴻勞之辨硃天保陶彝任坪范長發鄒圖雲
Wang Shan; his sons Yiqing and Yihong; Lao Zhibian; Zhu Tianbao; Tao Yi; Ren Ping; Fan Changfa; and Zou Tuyun
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陳嘉猷王允晉李允符範允高玢高怡趙成麃孫紹曾邵璿
Chen Jiayou, Wang Yunjin, Li Yunfu, Fan Yun, Gao Bin, Gao Yi, Zhao Chengbiao, Sun Shaozeng, and Shao Xuan
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王掞，字藻儒，江南太倉人，明大學士錫爵孫。 康熙九年進士，選庶吉士，授編修，為掌院學士熊賜履所器。 遷左贊善，充日講起居注官。 以病告八年，起右贊善。 提督浙江學政，嚴剔積弊，所拔多宿學寒畯。 龍泉知縣茅國璽以印揭薦武童，掞疏劾，國璽坐譴，別疏陳剔除積弊，報聞。 累遷侍讀學士。 三十年，超擢內閣學士。 三十三年，遷戶部侍郎，直經筵。 三十八年，調吏部，禁革臨選駁查、臨掣買簽諸弊，銓政以肅。 偕尚書范承勳、王鴻緒督修高家堰河工。
Wang Shan, whose style was Zaosru, came from Taicang in Jiangnan. He was the grandson of the Ming Grand Secretary Xijue. In 1670 he became a metropolitan graduate, entered the Hanlin Academy as a bachelor, and was made a compiler. Chancellor Xiong Cili held him in high regard. He was promoted to Left Assistant to the Heir Apparent and appointed to the Daily Lecture and Imperial Diary. After eight years' leave for illness, he was recalled as Right Assistant to the Heir Apparent. As Zhejiang educational commissioner, he rooted out entrenched abuses and chiefly promoted seasoned scholars from poor families. When Longquan magistrate Mao Guoxi used his official seal to recommend a military candidate, Shan impeached him and Mao was punished. Shan also submitted a separate memorial on rooting out abuses, which the throne acknowledged. He rose through several posts to Reader-in-Waiting. In 1691 he was specially promoted to Grand Secretary of the Grand Secretariat. In 1694 he became Vice Minister of Revenue and continued to attend the imperial lecture. In 1699 he moved to the Ministry of Personnel, banned abuses such as last-minute rejections, rigged lot-drawing, and purchased appointments, and brought the civil service roster under order. With Ministers Fan Chengxun and Wang Hongxu he oversaw repairs on the Gaojia Embankment.
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四十三年，擢刑部尚書。 刑部奏讞無漢字供狀，掞言：「本朝官制，兼設滿、漢，欲其彼此參詳。 今獄詞不錄漢語，是非曲直，漢司官何由知之？ 若隨聲畫諾，幾成虛設。 嗣後定讞，當滿、漢稿並具。」 詔報可，著為令。 累歷工、兵、禮諸部，務總紀綱，持大體。 五十一年，授文淵閣大學士，兼禮部尚書，直經筵如故。 五十二年，典會試。 其冬，以疾疏辭閣務，溫旨慰留。 越年春，疾愈，仍入直。 孝惠章皇后祔太廟，議者欲祔於孝康章皇后之次，掞曰：「孝康章皇后雖母以子貴，然孝惠章皇后，章皇帝嫡配也，上聖孝格天。 曩者太皇太后祔廟時，不以躋孝端文皇后之上，今肯以孝康章皇后躋孝惠章皇后上乎？」 禮部不從，上果以為非，令改正。
In 1704 he was appointed Minister of Justice. When the Ministry reported a verdict with no Chinese deposition, Shan said: "In our dynasty Manchu and Han officials serve side by side so that each may review the other. If the record omits Chinese, how can Han officials judge right from wrong? If they only nod along, their offices are reduced to empty names. From now on verdicts should be drawn up in both Manchu and Chinese." The emperor approved and issued it as a permanent rule. He served in turn at Works, War, and Rites, always keeping the broad framework in view and holding to principle. In 1712 he became Grand Secretary of the Wenyuan Pavilion and concurrent Minister of Rites, and continued at the imperial lecture as before. In 1713 he presided over the metropolitan examination. That winter he asked to leave the Grand Secretariat on grounds of illness, but the emperor warmly urged him to stay. The next spring, recovered, he returned to regular duty at court. When Empress Xiaohui was to be installed in the Ancestral Temple, some proposed placing her after Empress Xiaokang. Shan said: "Empress Xiaokang was honored as mother through her son, yet Empress Xiaohui was the lawful consort of Emperor Zhang, and the emperor's filial devotion reaches Heaven. When the Grand Empress Dowager was enshrined, she was not ranked above Empress Xiaoduan. Would the throne now rank Empress Xiaokang above Empress Xiaohui?" The Ministry of Rites disagreed, but the emperor found the plan improper and ordered it changed.
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時上春秋高，皇太子允礽既廢，儲位未定。 掞年七十馀，自念受恩深，又以其祖錫爵在明神宗朝，以建儲事受惡名，欲幹其蠱。 五十六年，密奏請建儲，疏入，留中。 是年冬，御史陳嘉猷等八人復以為言，上不悅，遂並發掞疏，命內閣議處。 忌掞者欲置重典，掞止宮門外不敢入。 上顧左右，問：「王掞何在？」 李光地奏掞待罪宮門。 上曰：「王掞言甚是，但不宜令御史同奏，蹈明季惡習。 汝等票擬處分太重，可速召其來。」 掞聞命趨入，免冠謝。 上招掞跪禦榻前，語良久，秘，人不能知。
The emperor was then in advanced age. Crown Prince Yunreng had been deposed and the succession remained unsettled. Shan was over seventy. Mindful of the deep favor he had received, and that his grandfather Xijue had been vilified under the Ming Shenzong for pressing the heir question, he hoped to lift that family shadow. In 1717 he secretly memorialized to name an heir. The memorial was received but not acted upon. That winter Censor Chen Jiayou and seven others raised the issue again. Displeased, the emperor released Shan's memorial with theirs and ordered the Grand Secretariat to decide his punishment. His enemies sought a heavy sentence. Shan halted outside the palace gate and did not dare enter. The emperor looked about and asked, "Where is Wang Shan?" Li Guangdi reported that Shan was waiting outside the gate to accept punishment. The emperor said, "Wang Shan is quite right, but he should not have had censors join him in memorializing. That revives a vicious late-Ming habit. Your proposed penalties are too harsh. Bring him in at once." Hearing this, Shan hurried in, removed his cap, and apologized. The emperor had him kneel before the couch and spoke with him at length in private. No one else learned what was said.
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六十年春，群臣請賀萬壽，上勿許。 掞复疏前事，請釋二阿哥，語加激切。 既而御史陶彝等十二人連名入奏，上疑出掞意，大怒，召諸王大臣，降旨責掞植黨希榮，且謂：「錫爵在明神宗時，力奏建儲，泰昌在位，未及數月，天啟庸懦，天下大亂，至愍帝而不能守。 明之亡，錫爵不能辭其罪。 掞以朕為神宗乎？ 朕初無誅大臣之意，大臣自取其死，朕亦無如何。」 令王大臣傳旨詰掞，令回奏。 時舉朝失色，無敢與筆硯者。 掞就宮門階石上裂紙，以唾濡墨，奏言：「臣伏見宋仁宗為一代賢君，而晚年立儲猶豫，其時名臣如范鎮、包拯等，皆交章切諫，鬚髮為白。 臣愚，信書太篤，妄思效法古人，實未嘗妄嗾台臣共為此奏。」 奏上，越五日，詔緩議罪，與諸御史俱赴西陲軍前效力。 因掞年老，責其子奕清代往，為父贖罪。 先是，掞嘗密奏請減蘇、松浮糧，言至剴切，疏久留中。 至是忤旨，乃與建儲奏疏一併擲還。 是年冬，上自熱河還京師。 掞迎駕石槽，上望見，遣內侍慰問。 六十一年元旦，諸大臣表賀，未列掞名，上發表命列名以進。 翌日，賜宴太和殿，再召見西暖閣，賜坐，慰諭有加。 尋起原官，視事如故。
In the spring of 1721 the court asked to celebrate his birthday, but the emperor refused. Shan memorialized again on the same issue, urging release of the Second Prince in increasingly forceful terms. Then Censors Tao Yi and eleven others submitted a joint memorial. Suspecting Shan had orchestrated it, the emperor flew into a rage, summoned the princes and senior ministers, and rebuked Shan for faction-building and ambition. He said: "Under the Ming Shenzong, Xijue pressed hard for an heir. Taichang reigned only months. Tianqi was weak, the realm collapsed, and even Chongzhen could not hold the state. Xijue cannot escape blame for the fall of the Ming. Does Shan take me for Shenzong? I never meant to kill a great minister. If ministers court their own ruin, there is little I can do." He ordered the princes and ministers to question Shan and demand a written reply. The whole court was stricken. No one dared give him brush and ink. On the palace steps Shan tore paper and wrote with saliva for ink. He said: "I observe that Song Renzong was a sage ruler, yet even he hesitated over the heir in his later years. Ministers such as Fan Zhen and Bao Zheng remonstrated in urgent memorial after memorial until their hair turned white. I am foolish and trusted the histories too much. I rashly hoped to follow the ancients. I did not incite the censors to join in this memorial." Five days later the emperor suspended punishment and ordered Shan and the censors to serve at the western frontier. Because Shan was elderly, his son Yiqing was sent in his stead to atone for him. Earlier he had secretly asked to cut the excess grain levies in Suzhou and Songjiang. His plea was earnest, but the memorial had long been held back. Now, having offended the throne, both that memorial and the heir memorial were returned together. That winter the emperor returned from Rehe to Beijing. Shan met the procession at Shicao. The emperor saw him from afar and sent a eunuch with words of comfort. On New Year's Day of 1722 the ministers' congratulatory memorial omitted Shan's name. The emperor returned it and ordered his name added. The next day he was feasted in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, summoned again to the West Warm Pavilion, given a seat, and warmly reassured. He was soon restored to his former post and resumed duty as before.
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雍正元年，以老乞休，世宗降旨褒嘉，以原官致仕，仍留京師備顧問。 三年，上諭閣臣云：「王掞向人言，曾在聖祖前奏免蘇、松浮糧，未蒙允行。 朕查閱宮中並無此奏。」 因責掞藉事沽名，並涉其子奕清、奕鴻諂附年羹堯，目為奸巧，乃遣奕鴻與奕清同在軍前效力。 六年，掞卒，年八十四。 乾隆二年，奕清始請血阝於朝，賜祭葬如製。
In 1723 he asked to retire on account of age. The Yongzheng Emperor praised him in an edict, let him retire at his former rank, and kept him in Beijing as an adviser. In 1725 the emperor told the Grand Secretariat: "Wang Shan has told others that he once asked the late emperor to cut the excess grain levies in Suzhou and Songjiang, but was not granted his request. I have searched the palace archives and found no such memorial." He rebuked Shan for using the matter to seek fame and accused his sons Yiqing and Yihong of currying favor with Nian Gengyao, calling them deceitful. He sent both sons to serve at the front. In 1728 he died at the age of eighty-four. In 1737 Yiqing first petitioned for posthumous honors at court, and state sacrifices and burial were granted by regulation.
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奕清，字幼芬。 康熙三十年進士，選庶吉士。 歷官詹事。 代父赴軍，歷駐忒斯、阿達拖羅海。 奕清體羸善病，處之晏然。 雍正四年，命赴阿爾泰坐檯。 又十年，乾隆元年，召還，仍以詹事管少詹事。 乞假葬父，尋卒。
Yiqing, whose style was Youfen. In 1691 he became a metropolitan graduate and entered the Hanlin Academy as a bachelor. He rose to Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent. He went to the frontier in his father's place and was posted at Tesi and Adatuoluohai. Frail and often ill, Yiqing bore his hardships with calm. In 1726 he was ordered to the Altai command post. Ten years later, in 1736, he was recalled and again served as Grand Tutor while acting as Junior Tutor. He asked leave to bury his father and soon died.
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奕鴻，字樹先。 康熙四十八年進士，授戶部主事。 歷湖南驛鹽、糧儲道。 奕清赴軍，奕鴻盡斥其產與俱。 後命赴烏里雅蘇台效力。 居邊十年，與奕清同釋還，官四川川東道。 引疾歸，卒。
Yihong, whose style was Shuxian. In 1709 he became a metropolitan graduate and was appointed a secretary in the Ministry of Revenue. He served as Hunan intendant for courier stations and salt, and as grain storage commissioner. When Yiqing went to the frontier, Yihong sold everything he owned and went with him. He was later ordered to serve at Uliastai. After ten years on the frontier he was released with Yiqing and appointed intendant of eastern Sichuan. He retired on grounds of illness and died.
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勞之辨，字書升，浙江石門人。 康熙三年進士，選庶吉士，授戶部主事，遷禮部郎中。 出為山東提學道僉事，報滿，左都御史魏象樞特疏薦之，遷貴州糧驛道參議。 師方下雲南，羽書旁午，之辨安設驛馬以利塘報； 復以軍米運自湖南，苦累夫役，白大府停運，就地採購，供億無匱。 二十四年，擢通政使參議，遷兵部督捕理事官。 連遭親喪。 服闋，起故官。 洊擢左副都御史，數有建白。
Lao Zhibian, whose style was Shusheng, came from Shimen in Zhejiang. In 1664 he became a metropolitan graduate, entered the Hanlin Academy, was appointed a secretary in the Ministry of Revenue, and was promoted to director in the Ministry of Rites. He served as educational vice intendant in Shandong. When his term ended, Left Censor-in-Chief Wei Xiangshu specially recommended him, and he was made Guizhou grain and courier commissioner. As the army advanced into Yunnan, urgent dispatches poured in. Zhibian set up relay horses to speed courier reports; Army grain was being hauled from Hunan and crushing the laborers. He persuaded the provincial authorities to stop the transport and buy locally, and supplies never ran short. In 1685 he was promoted to vice commissioner of the Transmission Office and transferred to the Ministry of War post supervising bandit suppression. He suffered several bereavements in succession. When mourning ended he was recalled to his former post. He rose to Left Vice Censor-in-Chief and often offered constructive proposals.
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四十七年，皇太子允礽既廢，上日夕憂懣。 既，有復儲意，王大臣合疏保奏，命留中。 旋諭廷臣：「俟廢太子疾瘳，教養有成，朕自有旨，諸王大臣不得多瀆。」 十二月，之辨密奏曰：「皇上之於皇太子，分則君臣，親則父子。 皇太子初以疾獲戾，今疾已平復。 孝友之本懷，固由至性； 肅雍之儀表，久系群心。 乞速渙新綸，收回成詔，敕部擇吉早正東宮，佈告中外，俾天下曉然知聖人舉動，仁至義盡，大公無私。 事莫有重於此者。 今八荒清晏，一統車書，值星紀初《辶週》，光華復旦，七廟將行大祫，萬國於以朝正。 皇上以孝慈治天下，方且稱壽母萬年之觴，集麟趾繁昌之慶； 而顧使前星虛位，震子未寧，聖心得無有遺憾乎？ 臣年已七十，報主之日無多，知無不言，統望乾斷速行。 自此以往，皇上待皇太子與諸皇子，尤原均之以恩，範之以禮，則宜君宜王之美，不難上媲成周，遠超百代。 至萬不得已而裁之以法，則非臣之所敢言也。」 疏入，上不懌，斥為奸詭，命奪官，逮赴刑部笞四十，逐回原籍。
In 1708, after Crown Prince Yunreng was deposed, the emperor was day and night in distress. He then considered restoring the heir. Princes and senior ministers jointly memorialized in support, but the emperor withheld the memorial. He soon told the court: "Wait until the deposed crown prince recovers and his upbringing is complete. I will issue my own decree. Princes and ministers must not press the matter again." In the twelfth month Zhibian secretly memorialized: "Between Your Majesty and the crown prince, in office you are sovereign and subject, in affection father and son. The crown prince first gave offense through illness, but his illness has now fully recovered. His filial and brotherly heart surely springs from his deepest nature; and his dignified bearing has long held the hearts of the people. I beg Your Majesty to issue a new edict at once, withdraw the completed decree, and order the ministries to choose an auspicious day to restore the Eastern Palace and proclaim it at home and abroad, so all under Heaven may see that the sage's act is fully benevolent, fully righteous, and wholly without private bias. Nothing is more important than this. Now the realm is at peace and unified. A new sexagenary cycle is beginning, glory is renewed, the seven temples are about to hold the great triennial collation, and the myriad states will come to court. Your Majesty governs the realm with filial piety and compassion, and is even now toasting the empress dowager's longevity and gathering blessings of many sons and flourishing heirs; yet would you leave the heir's place empty and the heir of Zhen unsettled? Can the sage heart be without regret? I am already seventy, and have few days left to serve my lord. I speak without reserve and beg Your Majesty to decide and act at once. From now on, if Your Majesty treats the crown prince and all the princes with equal grace and molds them with ritual, the virtue of a true sovereign would rival the Zhou of Cheng and surpass a hundred generations. As for resorting to law only when there is no other choice—that is not what I dare say." When it was submitted the emperor was displeased, called him crafty and deceitful, stripped his office, had him flogged forty strokes at the Ministry of Justice, and sent him home.
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五十二年，赴京祝萬壽，復原秩。 逾年，卒於家。
In 1713 he went to Beijing to offer birthday congratulations and was restored to his former rank. The following year he died at home.
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硃天保，字九如，滿洲鑲白旗人，兵部侍郎硃都訥子。 康熙五十二年進士，選庶吉士，授檢討。 五十六年，典山東鄉試。
Zhu Tianbao, whose style was Jiuru, was a Manchu of the Bordered White Banner and the son of Vice Minister of War Zhu Dune. In 1713 he became a metropolitan graduate, entered the Hanlin Academy as a bachelor, and was made a reviser. In 1717 he presided over the Shandong provincial examination.
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五十七年正月，疏請復立二阿哥允礽為皇太子。 時允礽廢已久，儲位未定，貝勒允禩覬得立，揆敘、王鴻緒等左右之，欲陰害允礽。 硃天保憂之，具疏上，略曰：「二阿哥雖以疾廢，然其過失良由習於驕抗，左右小人誘導之故。 若遣碩儒名臣為之羽翼，左右佞幸盡皆罷斥，則潛德日彰，猶可復問安侍膳之歡。 儲位重大，未可移置如釭，恐有籓臣傍為覬覦，則天家骨肉之禍，有不可勝言者。」 疏成，以父在，慮同禍，徘徊未即上。 硃都訥察其情，趣之入告。 時上方幸湯山，硃天保早出德勝門，群鴉阻馬前，硃天保揮之去。 疏上，上欷歔久之。 阿靈阿，允禩黨也，媒孽之曰：「硃天保為異日希寵地。」 上怒，於行宮禦門召問曰：「爾雲二阿哥仁孝，何由知之？」 硃天保以聞父語對。 上曰：「爾父在官時，二阿哥本無疾，學問弓馬皆可觀。 後得瘋疾，舉動乖張，嘗立朕前辱罵徐元夢。 於伯叔之子往往以不可道之言肆詈，爾知之乎？ 爾又云二阿哥聖而益聖，賢而益賢，爾從何而知？」 硃天保亦以父聞之守者對。 詰其姓名，不能答。 上曰：「朕以爾陳奏此大事，遣人傳問，或將爾言遺漏，故親訊爾。 爾無知稚子，數語即窮，必有同謀者。」 硃天保對父與婿戴保同謀，遂逮硃都訥、戴保。
In the first month of 1718 he memorialized to restore the Second Prince Yunreng as crown prince. Yunreng had long been deposed and the succession unsettled. Prince Yunsi coveted the throne, and Kui Xu, Wang Hongxu, and others backed him and wished secretly to harm Yunreng. Zhu Tianbao was troubled and submitted a memorial, saying in part: "Although the Second Prince was deposed for illness, his faults came from arrogance and from petty men who led him astray. If eminent scholars were sent to guide him and all flatterers were removed, his virtue would daily grow plain, and he could again share the joy of attending Your Majesty at meals. The heir's place is weighty and must not be shifted lightly. I fear vassal ministers may covet it, and then the calamity among the imperial kin would be beyond words." When it was finished, fearing his father would share the blame, he hesitated and did not submit it at once. Zhu Dune saw his hesitation and urged him to submit it. The emperor was at Tangshan. Zhu Tianbao left early through Desheng Gate. A flock of crows blocked his horse, and he waved them away. When the memorial arrived the emperor sighed for a long while. Aling'a, a member of Yunsi's faction, slandered him, saying, "Zhu Tianbao is currying favor for the future." The emperor was angry and summoned him at the palace gate: "You say the Second Prince is benevolent and filial. How do you know?" Zhu Tianbao answered with what his father had told him. The emperor said, "When your father was in office the Second Prince had no illness. His learning, archery, and horsemanship were all commendable. Later he went mad. His conduct became erratic. He once stood before me and reviled Xu Yuanmeng. He often hurled unspeakable abuse at his uncles' sons. Do you know this? You also say he grows ever more sage and worthy. How do you know?" Zhu Tianbao again answered with what his father had heard from the guards. When asked their names he could not answer. The emperor said, "Because you reported this great matter, I questioned you in person lest your words be lost in transmission. You are an ignorant youth. A few questions and you are undone. There must be co-conspirators." Zhu Tianbao said his father and son-in-law Dai Bao had conspired with him, and Zhu Dune and Dai Bao were arrested.
16
上复禦門召問曰：「二阿哥因病拘禁，朕猶望其痊癒，故复釋放，父子相見。 教訓不悛，始復拘禁。 二阿哥以礬水作書與普奇，屬其保舉為大將軍，並謂齊世、札拉克圖皆當為將軍。 朕遣內侍往詢，自承為親筆。 此事爾知之否？」 硃都訥自稱妄奏，應萬死。 上曰：「爾奏引戾太子為比。 戾太子父子間隔，朕於二阿哥常遣內監往視，賜食賜物。 今二阿哥顏貌豐滿，其子七八人，朕常留養宮中，何得比戾太子？ 爾又稱二阿哥為費揚古陷害。 費揚古乃功臣，病篤時，朕親臨視，沒後遣二阿哥往奠。 爾何得妄言？ 爾希僥倖取大富貴，以朕有疾，必不親訊。 今爾始知當死乎？」 辭連硃都訥婿常賚及金寶、齊世、萃泰等，並逮訊議罪。 硃天保、戴保皆坐斬。 硃都訥與常賚、金寶皆免死荷校，齊世拘禁，萃泰奪官。
The emperor again questioned them at the gate: "The Second Prince was confined for illness. I still hoped he would recover, released him, and father and son met. He would not reform under instruction, and only then was he confined again. The Second Prince wrote in invisible ink to Puqi, asking him to recommend him as great general and saying Qishi and Zhilaketu should also become generals. I sent a palace attendant to inquire, and he admitted it was in his own hand. Do you know of this?" Zhu Dune said he had memorialized rashly and deserved death. The emperor said, "Your memorial cited Crown Prince Li as a comparison. Crown Prince Li and his father were estranged. Toward the Second Prince I constantly send eunuchs to visit and give food and gifts. Now the Second Prince looks full and healthy. He has seven or eight sons whom I often keep in the palace. How can he be compared to Crown Prince Li? You also said the Second Prince was framed by Fei Yanggu. Fei Yanggu was a meritorious minister. When he was gravely ill I visited him in person, and after his death I sent the Second Prince to mourn him. How can you speak so rashly? You hoped by chance to win great wealth and honor, thinking that because I am ill I would not question you in person. Now do you know you deserve death?" The case implicated Zhu Dune's son-in-law Chang Sai, Jin Bao, Qishi, Cuitai, and others. All were arrested, questioned, and sentenced. Zhu Tianbao and Dai Bao were both sentenced to decapitation. Zhu Dune, Chang Sai, and Jin Bao were spared death but made to wear the cangue. Qishi was confined and Cuitai was stripped of office.
17
陶彝，順天大興人。 康熙三十九年進士，授戶部主事。 再遷郎中。 考選廣西道御史，巡視兩浙鹽政。
Tao Yi came from Daxing in Shuntian. In 1700 he became a metropolitan graduate and was appointed a secretary in the Ministry of Revenue. He was promoted again to director. He was selected as censor of the Guangxi Circuit and assigned to inspect salt administration in the two Zhe provinces.
18
六十年三月，彝與同官任坪、范長發、鄒圖雲、陳嘉猷、王允晉、李允符、範允、高玢、高怡、趙成麃、孫紹曾合疏奏曰：「皇上深恩厚德，浹洽人心。 茲逢六十年，景運方新，普天率土，歡欣鼓舞，而建儲一事，尤為鉅典。 懇獨斷宸衷，早定儲位。」 疏入，下內閣。 時大學士王掞正密疏請建儲。 後數日，彝等疏又上，上震怒，斥掞植黨希榮。 於是王大臣奏請奪掞及諸御史官，從重治罪。 越日，諭廷臣曰：「王掞及御史陶彝等妄行陳奏，俱稱為國為君。 今西陲用兵，為人臣者，正宜滅此朝食。 可暫緩議罰，如八旗滿洲文官例，俱委署額外章京，遣往軍前效力贖罪。」 雍正四年，世宗以諸御史不諳國體，心本無他，詔釋歸，以原職休致還籍。
In the third month of 1721 Yi and his colleagues Ren Ping, Fan Changfa, Zou Tuyun, Chen Jiayou, Wang Yunjin, Li Yunfu, Fan Yun, Gao Bin, Gao Yi, Zhao Chengbiao, and Sun Shaozeng jointly memorialized: "Your Majesty's deep grace and great virtue fill the hearts of the people. We mark the sixtieth year, a renewed age of fortune, and all under Heaven rejoices. Yet establishing the heir is the greatest ritual of all. We earnestly beg Your Majesty to decide in Your own heart and fix the succession soon." When it was submitted it was sent to the Grand Secretariat. At that time Grand Secretary Wang Shan was secretly memorializing to name an heir. Several days later Yi's memorial was submitted again. The emperor was enraged and rebuked Shan for faction-building and ambition. The princes and senior ministers then asked to strip Shan and the censors of office and punish them severely. The next day he told the court: "Wang Shan and Censor Tao Yi and others rashly memorialized, all claiming to act for the state and the sovereign. War is now on the western frontier. As subjects they ought to swallow the enemy this very morning. Punishment may wait. Following the precedent for Manchu civil officials of the Eight Banners, appoint them acting extra clerks and send them to the front to serve and redeem their guilt." In 1726 the Yongzheng Emperor, judging that the censors did not understand statecraft but meant no harm, ordered them released to retire at their former ranks and return home.
19
坪，字坦公，山東高密人。 康熙三十年進士。 自刑部郎中考選山西道御史，轉掌陝西道。 赴軍，駐忒斯河。 大漠荒寒，盛夏冰雪，坪處之怡然。 及歸，閉戶讀書，終老於家。
Ping, whose style was Tangong, came from Gaomi in Shandong. In 1691 he became a metropolitan graduate. From director in the Ministry of Justice he was selected as censor of the Shanxi Circuit and transferred to head the Shaanxi Circuit. He went to the army and was stationed on the Tesi River. The desert was desolate and cold, with ice and snow even in midsummer, yet Ping bore it calmly. When he returned he shut his doors to study and lived out his days at home.
20
長發，字廷舒，浙江秀水人。 康熙三十三年進士，授南城知縣。 行取禮部主事，考選廣西道御史，轉掌浙江道。 遣戍，予額外主事銜，隨都統圖臘赴征西將軍營。 還，駐歸化城。 後命赴察漢新台。 歸，以原職休致。
Changfa, whose style was Tingshu, came from Xiushui in Zhejiang. In 1694 he became a metropolitan graduate and was appointed magistrate of Nancheng. He was selected for the Ministry of Rites, chosen as censor of the Guangxi Circuit, and transferred to head the Zhejiang Circuit. Banished to frontier service, he was given the brevet rank of extra secretary and followed Commander Tula to the Western Expedition general's camp. On his return he was stationed at Guihua City. He was later ordered to Chahan New Terrace. When he returned he retired at his former rank.
21
圖雲，字偉南，江西南城人。 康熙三十六年進士，授大竹知縣。 行取禮部主事，考選河南道御史，轉掌山東道，巡視東城。
Tuyun, whose style was Weinan, came from Nancheng in Jiangxi. In 1697 he became a metropolitan graduate and was appointed magistrate of Dazhu. He was selected for the Ministry of Rites, chosen as censor of the Henan Circuit, transferred to head the Shandong Circuit, and assigned to inspect the Eastern City.
22
嘉猷，字讱叔，江南溧陽人。 康熙三十九年進士。 自吏部員外郎考選山西道御史。 五十六年，王掞密請建儲。 未幾，嘉猷與同官八人亦合疏陳請，上疑之，掞幾獲罪，事具掞傳。 至是，嘉猷復與彝等申請，獲咎。
Jiayou, whose style was Renshu, came from Liyang in Jiangnan. In 1700 he became a metropolitan graduate. From vice director in the Ministry of Personnel he was selected as censor of the Shanxi Circuit. In 1717 Wang Shan secretly memorialized to name an heir. Soon after Jiayou and eight colleagues jointly memorialized as well. The emperor was suspicious and Shan nearly fell. The matter is told fully in Shan's biography. On this occasion Jiayou again joined Yi and others in petitioning and was punished.
23
允晉，直隸清苑人。 康熙四十五年進士。 自戶部員外郎考選陝西道御史。
Yunjin came from Qingyuan in Zhili. In 1706 he became a metropolitan graduate. From vice director in the Ministry of Revenue he was selected as censor of the Shaanxi Circuit.
24
允符，字揆山，浙江嘉善人。 康熙二十六年舉人，授什邡知縣。 行取江西道御史。
Yunfu, whose style was Kuishan, came from Jiashan in Zhejiang. In 1687 he passed the provincial examination and was appointed magistrate of Shifang. He was selected as censor of the Jiangxi Circuit.
25
允，字用賓，浙江錢塘人。 康熙三十九年進士，授安平知縣。 行取工部主事，考選山東道御史。
Fan Yun, whose style was Yongbin, came from Qiantang in Zhejiang. In 1700 he became a metropolitan graduate and was appointed magistrate of Anping. He was selected for the Ministry of Works and chosen as censor of the Shandong Circuit.
26
玢，字荊襄，河南柘城人。 康熙二十七年進士。 自禮部郎中考選廣東道御史，巡視東城。 謫戍忒斯軍營，運糧西藏。 居塞上六年，著出塞集，備言屯戍之苦。 釋歸，終於家。
Gao Bin, whose style was Jingxiang, came from Zhecheng in Henan. In 1688 he became a metropolitan graduate. From director in the Ministry of Rites he was selected as censor of the Guangdong Circuit and assigned to inspect the Eastern City. Banished to the Tesi garrison, he transported grain to Tibet. He lived on the frontier six years and wrote the Collection from Beyond the Pass, describing the hardships of garrison life in full. Released and sent home, he died there.
27
怡，字仲友，浙江武康人。 康熙二十七年進士，授長洲知縣。 善聽訟，吏胥憚之。 尚書韓菼，怡師也，其姻黨繫獄，以菼故請恕，怡怒杖之。 選鄜州知州，行取工部主事。 考選山東道御史。 謫戍時，年逾六十。 以原職釋歸。
Gao Yi, whose style was Zhongyou, came from Wukang in Zhejiang. In 1688 he became a metropolitan graduate and was appointed magistrate of Changzhou. He was skilled at hearing cases, and clerks and runners feared him. Minister Han Tan had been his teacher. A kinsman of Tan's was in prison and asked leniency on Tan's account. Yi angrily had him beaten. He was selected as prefect of Fuzhou and then promoted to secretary in the Ministry of Works. He was chosen as censor of the Shandong Circuit. When he was banished to frontier service he was over sixty. He was released and sent home at his former rank.
28
赵成麃，字德培，江南吳縣人。 康熙四十七年舉人，授內閣中書。 累遷兵部郎中，考選福建道御史。
Zhao Chengbiao, whose style was Depei, came from Wu County in Jiangnan. In 1708 he passed the provincial examination and was appointed a secretary in the Grand Secretariat. He rose to director in the Ministry of War and was chosen as censor of the Fujian Circuit.
29
紹曾，字二乾，浙江山陰人。 康熙二十五年舉人，授開縣知縣。 行取戶部主事，授四川道御史。 赴軍，駐歸化城，地當孔道。 故事，徭役供張，取給於戍員。 紹曾清介無馀資，困甚。 迨釋還，卒於途。 又有邵璿，亦以疏請建儲獲罪。
Sun Shaozeng, whose style was Erqian, came from Shanyin in Zhejiang. In 1686 he passed the provincial examination and was appointed magistrate of Kai County. He was selected for the Ministry of Revenue and appointed censor of the Sichuan Circuit. He went to the army and was posted at Guihua City, on a major thoroughfare. By precedent corvée labor and supplies for official receptions were drawn from the garrison officers. Sun Shaozeng was upright and had no spare funds, and was greatly distressed. When he was released and sent home, he died on the road. There was also Shao Xuan, who was likewise punished for memorializing to name an heir.
30
璿，字璣亭，江南無錫人。 自拔貢生授芮城知縣。 行取工部主事，授江南道御史，掌登聞院，巡視北城。 六十年，遣戍軍前。 時同謫者十三人，圖雲、允符、成麃、璿皆死於塞外，而給事中劉堂，御史柴謙、吳鎬、程鑣續以言事謫，同時釋還，仍為十三人，世稱「十三言官」。 堂，彭澤人。 謙，仁和人。 鎬，漢陽人。 鑣，錢塘人。
Shao Xuan, whose style was Jiting, came from Wuxi in Jiangnan. From a selected tribute student he was appointed magistrate of Ruicheng. He was selected for the Ministry of Works, appointed censor of the Jiangnan Circuit, placed in charge of the Memorial Gate Office, and assigned to inspect the Northern City. In 1721 he was banished to service at the army front. Thirteen were banished together. Tuyun, Yunfu, Chengbiao, and Xuan all died beyond the passes. Supervising Secretary Liu Tang and Censors Chai Qian, Wu Hao, and Cheng Biao were later banished for remonstrance. When released together they were still thirteen, and the age called them the "Thirteen Speaking Officials." Tang came from Pengze. Qian came from Renhe. Hao came from Hanyang. Biao came from Qiantang.
31
論曰：理密親王在儲位久，未聞顯有失德，而終遭廢黜，聖祖手詔，若有深痛鉅慝至不可言者。 夫以聖祖之仁明，而不克全監撫之重，終父子之恩，讒人罔極，靡所不至，甚矣！ 掞力主復故，聖祖雖深罪之，固諒其無他心。 勞之辨諫於初廢，大臣拜杖，已非故事； 硃天保爭於再黜，遂以誅死，罪及其親。 一則但責其沽名，一則深疑其受指，故譴有重輕歟？ 彝等但坐謫戍，已為寬典，拳拳效忠，固人臣之義也。
The commentator says: Prince Limi long held the heir's place and no marked misconduct was heard of, yet he was deposed in the end. The Kangxi Emperor's own edict seems to hold a grief at some great evil beyond words. That the Kangxi Emperor, so benevolent and clear-sighted, could not fully fulfill the duty of overseeing and instructing the heir, nor bring father and son to reconciliation—slanderers reached everywhere without limit. How extreme it was! Shan strongly urged restoring the former heir. Though the Kangxi Emperor punished him severely, he surely understood Shan had no other intent. Lao Zhibian remonstrated at the first deposition. Beating great ministers with the rod was already not precedent. Zhu Tianbao contended at the second dismissal and was executed, guilt reaching his kin. In one case he was only rebuked for seeking reputation; in the other deeply suspected of acting on others' orders. Was that why the punishments differed in severity? Yi and the others received only banishment to frontier service, already a lenient measure. Earnest loyalty is indeed a subject's duty.