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列傳一百二十二
Biographies 122
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富僧阿伊勒圖胡貴俞金鼇尹德禧剛塔
Fu Senga, Yi Leitu, Hu Gui, Yu Jin'ao, Yin Dexi, and Gangta
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富僧阿，舒穆祿氏，滿洲正黃旗人。 雍正初，授拜唐阿，累遷頭等侍衛。 出為副都統，歷成都、三姓、寧古塔諸地。 擢將軍，自荊州移黑龍江。 黑龍江北鄰俄羅斯，康熙二十九年與定界。 歲久，將吏憚行邊，道裡不能詳。 富僧阿遣副都統瑚爾起等分探諸水源，皆至興堪山還報。 乃上疏言：「副都統瑚爾起探格爾畢齊河源，自黑龍江至格爾畢齊河口，水程一千六百九十七里； 自河口行陸路二百四十七里，至興堪山：其間無人跡。 協領納林布探精奇哩江源，自黑龍江入精奇哩江，北行至托克河口，水程一千五百八十七里； 自河口行陸路二百四十里至興堪山：地苦寒，無水草禽獸。 協領偉保探西里木第河源，自黑龍江經精奇哩江入西里木第河口，復過英肯河，水程一千三百五里； 自英肯河口行陸路一百八十里至興堪山：地苦寒，無水草禽獸。 協領阿迪木保探鈕曼河源，自黑龍江入鈕曼河，復經西里木第河入烏默勒河口，水程一千六百十五里； 自河口行陸路四百五十六里至興堪山。 諸地俱無俄羅斯偷越。 臣按呼倫貝爾有額爾古訥河，西為俄羅斯界，東屬我國。 自此至珠爾特，處處設卡。 今復自珠爾特至莫哩勒克河口，設卡二，索博爾罕增立鄂博，逐日巡查。 俄羅斯、鼐瑪爾斷難偷越。 黑龍江與俄羅斯接壤，興堪山延亙至海。 嗣後請飭打牲總管每歲六月遣章京、驍騎校、兵丁，自水路與捕貂人同至托克、英肯兩河口，及鄂勒希、西里木第兩河間，巡察還報； 三年遣副總管、佐領、驍騎校於冰解後，自水路至興堪山巡察還報； 黑龍江官兵每歲巡察格爾畢齊河口，三年亦至興堪山巡察還報：歲終報部。」 上從之。
Fu Senga, of the Sumulu clan, was a Manchu bannerman of the Plain Yellow Banner. Early in the Yongzheng reign he was made a palace attendant and rose in due course to First Class Bodyguard. He was then posted as deputy military governor, serving in turn at Chengdu, Sanxing, Ningguta, and elsewhere. Promoted to frontier general, he was moved from Jingzhou to Heilongjiang. Heilongjiang's northern frontier adjoins Russia; the border had been delimited in the twenty-ninth year of the Kangxi reign. Over time the garrison officers grew reluctant to patrol the frontier, and the routes and distances were no longer known with precision. Fu Senga dispatched Deputy Military Governor Hu'erqi and others to reconnoiter the various headwaters in separate parties; each party reached Xingkan Mountain and returned with its report. He then memorialized the throne, reporting: "Deputy Military Governor Hu'erqi traced the Ge'erbiji River to its source: from the Heilongjiang to the Ge'erbiji estuary the water route measures 1,697 li; from the estuary a land march of 247 li reaches Xingkan Mountain; the country between is utterly uninhabited. Assistant Commandant Nalinbu reconnoitered the Jingqiri headwaters: entering the Jingqiri from the Heilongjiang and sailing north to the Tuo estuary, the water route is 1,587 li; from the estuary a land march of 240 li reaches Xingkan Mountain; the region is bitterly cold and devoid of pasture, waterfowl, or game. Assistant Commandant Weibao traced the Xilimudi headwaters: from the Heilongjiang through the Jingqiri into the Xilimudi estuary, then past the Yingken River, the water route is 1,305 li; from the Yingken estuary a land march of 180 li reaches Xingkan Mountain; there too the country is bitterly cold and without pasture or wildlife. Assistant Commandant Adimubao reconnoitered the Niuman headwaters: entering the Niuman from the Heilongjiang, then via the Xilimudi to the Wumole estuary, the water route is 1,615 li; from the estuary a land march of 456 li reaches Xingkan Mountain. Along all these routes there was no sign of Russians crossing the border illicitly. Your subject observes that in Hulunbuir the Ergun River marks the frontier: its west bank is Russian territory, its east bank our own. From that point to Zhu'erte, guard posts have been established at intervals throughout. It is now proposed to add two more posts between Zhu'erte and the Molileke estuary, to erect additional border cairns in Sobo'erhan, and to inspect the line daily. Russians and Naimar tribesmen will scarcely be able to slip across undetected. Along the Heilongjiang our territory adjoins Russia, and Xingkan Mountain runs in an unbroken line to the coast. Henceforth the Fur Tribute superintendent should each year in the sixth month dispatch clerks, cavalry officers, and troops by boat, together with sable hunters, to the Tuo and Yingken estuaries and to the stretch between the E'lexi and Xilimudi rivers, patrol the ground, and report back; every three years, after the ice breaks, deputy superintendents, company captains, and cavalry officers should travel by water to Xingkan Mountain, patrol, and return with their reports; Heilongjiang troops should inspect the Ge'erbiji estuary annually and reach Xingkan Mountain on the triennial circuit; all findings are to be reported to the Board at year's end." The emperor approved these proposals.
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富僧阿治事嚴，嘗疏請罪人予官兵為奴，併其妻子皆令為奴； 又以遣犯脫走，出巡並將校婪索，皆請逮送刑部：上不許。 移西安將軍，西安、寧夏移駐滿洲兵，復分駐巴里坤，富僧阿議定規制，皆如所請。 乾隆四十年三月，卒官。
Fu Senga ran a tight administration. He once asked that convicted offenders be assigned as bondsmen to troops, together with their wives and children; and when exiled convicts escaped or officers on tour were caught extorting bribes, he asked that they be sent to the Ministry of Justice for punishment—the emperor declined each request. Transferred to Xi'an as frontier general, he drew up the regulations for redeploying Manchu garrisons from Xi'an and Ningxia and posting detachments at Barkol; the court adopted his plans in full. He died in office in the third month of the fortieth year of the Qianlong reign.
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伊勒圖，納喇氏，滿洲正白旗人。 乾隆初，以世管佐領授三等侍衛，累遷鑲紅旗蒙古副都統。 出駐烏魯木齊，移阿克蘇。 三十二年，授伊犁參贊大臣，移喀什噶爾。 內擢理籓院尚書，外授伊犁將軍。 三十四年，師徵緬甸，授副將軍，從經略大學士傅恆分道進軍，緬甸人拒戛鳩江，築寨。 伊勒圖偕參贊大臣阿里袞與戰，奪寨三，殺賊五千餘。 師還，授兵部尚書。 复外授伊犁將軍。 土爾扈特汗渥巴錫、台吉策伯克多爾濟等率所部三萬餘戶來歸，先期使至伊犁，具書通款。 伊勒圖以聞，高宗命加意撫綏，俾得所。 於是土爾扈特部悉內附，哈薩克、布魯特兩部厄魯特降者日眾。 伊勒圖請增置佐領，俾領其眾，從之。 三十六年，左授參贊大臣，駐烏什，移塔爾巴哈台。 三十八年，复授伊犁將軍。 兵部議禁鳥槍，伊勒圖以土爾扈特部新歸附，牧馬禦豺虎恃鳥槍，不當一體收禁。 四十八年，加太子太保，賜雙眼花翎。 五十年七月，卒，諡襄武，封一等伯，祀賢良祠。 發帑金千，遣侍衛豐伸濟倫如伊犁賜奠。
Yi Leitu, of the Nara clan, was a Manchu bannerman of the Plain White Banner. Early in the Qianlong reign he entered service as Third Class Bodyguard through his hereditary company captaincy and rose to deputy military governor of the Mongol Bordered Red Banner. Posted to the northwest, he garrisoned Urumqi and was later transferred to Aksu. In the thirty-second year of Qianlong he became assistant military governor at Ili and was moved to Kashgar. Promoted to minister of the Court of Colonial Affairs at court, he was simultaneously appointed Ili general on the frontier. In the thirty-fourth year, during the Burma campaign, he was made deputy commander and marched with Grand Secretary Fu Heng along a separate route; the Burmese held the Jiayu River line behind fortified stockades. Yi Leitu fought alongside Assistant Military Governor Agui, took three stockades, and killed more than five thousand of the enemy. After the campaign he was appointed minister of war. He was again posted as Ili general on the frontier. Torghut Khan Oboi, Taiji Cebeke Duolji, and others led more than thirty thousand households of their people back to allegiance, having sent envoys ahead to Ili with letters of submission. Yi Leitu reported the arrival to the throne, and the Qianlong Emperor ordered that they be settled with particular care. The Torghuts were thus fully brought within the empire, and Oirats of the Kazakh and Burut tribes came over in growing numbers day by day. Yi Leitu asked that additional company captaincies be created to command the new tribesmen, and the court agreed. In the thirty-sixth year he was reassigned as assistant military governor, first at Ushi and then at Tarbagatai. In the thirty-eighth year he was again made Ili general. When the Ministry of War proposed a general ban on firearms, Yi Leitu argued that the newly submitted Torghuts relied on muskets to herd their horses and drive off predators, and should not be disarmed wholesale. In the forty-eighth year he was made Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent and granted the double-eyed peacock feather. He died in the seventh month of the fiftieth year and was posthumously titled Xiangwu, created a first-class baron, and entered for worship in the Temple of Eminent Statesmen. The court issued a thousand taels from the treasury and sent Bodyguard Fengshen Jilun to Ili to offer libations on the emperor's behalf.
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伊勒圖在邊二十餘年，諸所經畫，縝密垂久遠。 其在塔爾巴哈台受代去，上諭繼任參贊大臣慶桂循其規制。 鎮伊犁尤久，伊犁屯田，請兵得攜妻子。 於塔爾奇溝口外烏可爾博蘇克、東察罕烏蘇、霍爾果斯、巴彥岱諸地築城堡，水足地厚，俾得久屯。 設寶伊局鑄錢，採哈爾哈圖銅礦，三年得九千餘斤，令加鑄，於烏什鑄普爾。 烏什及庫車、哈喇沙爾諸城與伊犁錢並用，普爾，回錢名也。 又於崆郭羅鄂博諸地採煤，聽商人充窯戶，徵其稅。 都統海祿請令遣犯皆入鐵廠，與罪人畀官兵為奴者同例。 伊勒圖請仍如舊制，使遣犯與為奴者有別。 其卒，上稱其鎮靜妥協，各部落皆心服，封卹特厚。
Yi Leitu spent more than twenty years on the frontier, and every policy he devised was careful, thorough, and built to last. When he left Tarbagatai upon relief from command, the emperor told his successor Qinggui to adhere to the systems he had established. His longest tenure was at Ili, where he secured permission for garrison colonists to bring their families. He built fortified settlements beyond Ta'erqi Pass at Wuke'erbosuke, Dongchahanwusu, Huo'erguosi, Bayandai, and other sites where water and soil were good enough to sustain permanent garrisons. He founded the Baoyi mint, opened the Kharhatu copper mine—which yielded more than nine thousand jin of ore in three years—and ordered additional coinage, including the casting of pūl at Ushi. The coins circulated together with Ili currency at Ushi, Kuche, Karashahr, and other towns; pūl was the local name for the Muslim-style cash. He also opened coal mines around Kongguoluoebo, allowed merchants to operate the kilns, and collected tax on their output. Commandant Hailu proposed that all exiled convicts be sent to the ironworks on the same footing as criminals assigned as bondsmen to troops. Yi Leitu asked that the old distinction be preserved between exiled convicts and convicts formally enslaved to the military. At his death the emperor praised his steady, conciliatory rule, noting that every tribe had come to trust him, and granted him unusually lavish posthumous honors.
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胡貴，字爾恆，福建同安人。 少有智略。 入伍，稍遷水師提標右營千總。 雍正六年，齎奏入都，世宗召入見。 再遷後營游擊。 監修戰艦，出巡海，坐誤工，吏議當左授，上特宥之。 累遷江南蘇松鎮總兵。 督運漕糧十萬轉海賑福建，道溫州鳳凰洋，颶作，損米五百餘，請出私財以償。 高宗諭曰：「冒險已可嘉，豈有復令出私財償米之理？」 命罷勿償。 旋坐廢弛當奪職，复特宥之。 疏言：「本鎮春、秋兩哨，中營游擊司糧餉，奇兵營游擊職城守，例不出巡。 惟既任水師，當知海道，應從眾出巡。 陸路將士原改水師者，先令出海演試，如有膽略，量為改補。」 並從所請。 崇明海漲，沒民廬。 召縣吏議賑，吏言當待請。 貴曰：「民死在頃刻，豈能俟報？ 有譴吾任之。」 即發倉以賑，令所屬為助，眾有難色，貴曰：「設官非以衛民乎？ 賑不週，生它變，豈能免患？」 疏請發帑金十八萬、倉穀二十八萬，並留漕米續賑，上深嘉之。 歷廣東潮州、瓊州諸鎮，擢提督。 增城民王亮臣為亂，貴勒兵馳赴，分遣所屬防隘，扼賊走路。 總督阿里袞軍亦至，分道捕治，諸賊皆就擒。 以失察自劾，貸勿問，仍敘勞。 入覲，賜花翎。 移福建水師提督，復自浙江還廣東。 乾隆二十五年，卒，諡勤愨。 子振聲，附李長庚傳。
Hu Gui, styled Erheng, came from Tong'an in Fujian. Even as a young man he showed keen judgment and resourcefulness. He enlisted and rose in due course to company commander in the Right Battalion of the naval commander's brigade. In the sixth year of Yongzheng he brought a memorial to the capital and was received in audience by the Yongzheng Emperor. He was soon promoted to battalion commander of the Rear Battalion. While supervising warship repairs and patrolling at sea he was found negligent; the personnel office recommended demotion, but the emperor pardoned him. He rose in due course to regional commander of the Susong Garrison in Jiangnan. Ordered to ship one hundred thousand piculs of grain tribute by sea to relieve famine in Fujian, he was caught in a typhoon off Wenzhou's Fenghuang Sea and lost more than five hundred piculs; he offered to make good the loss from his own purse. The Qianlong Emperor replied: "Your willingness to brave the seas is praise enough—how could I ask you to make good the grain from your own funds?" He ordered that the offer be declined and the matter closed. Shortly afterward he was again found remiss in duty and liable to dismissal, and again the emperor spared him. He memorialized: "In this command's spring and autumn patrol seasons the Middle Battalion commander handles rations while the Odd Troops Battalion commander holds the city; by custom neither leaves post for sea patrol. Yet as naval officers they ought to know the sea lanes and should take part in the general patrols. Soldiers transferred from the army to the navy should first be sent to sea for trial; those who prove steady and bold may be confirmed in naval posts according to merit." The court approved every point. A tidal surge at Chongming drowned countless homes. He summoned the county officials to plan relief, but they said they must await imperial authorization. Hu said: "People are dying this very hour—how can we wait on paperwork? If punishment follows, I alone will answer for it." He opened the granaries at once and ordered his subordinates to help; when they hesitated he said, "Are we not put in office precisely to protect the people? If relief falls short and unrest follows, who among us will escape blame?" He then memorialized for 180,000 taels from the treasury, 280,000 piculs from the public granaries, and retention of grain-transport rice for further relief; the emperor commended him warmly. After serving at the Chaozhou and Qiongzhou garrisons in Guangdong he was promoted to provincial commander-in-chief. When Wang Liangchen of Zengcheng rose in revolt, Hu led his troops posthaste, posted detachments at the passes, and cut off the rebels' lines of retreat. Governor-General Agui's force arrived as well; operating on separate lines they rounded up the rebels until every band was taken. He impeached himself for having failed to detect the plot in time; the court waived punishment and still recorded his merit. At court audience he was granted the peacock feather. He was transferred to command the Fujian naval forces, then returned to Guangdong by way of Zhejiang. He died in the twenty-fifth year of Qianlong and was posthumously titled Qinmin. His son Zhensheng is treated in the biography of Li Changgeng.
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俞金鼇，字厚菴，直隸天津人。 乾隆七年武進士，授藍翎侍衛。 以守備發山東，累遷甘肅肅州鎮總兵。 命如伊犁董理屯田，歲豐，伊犁將軍伊勒圖奏綠營兵二千二百名，人穫米二十八石有奇。 得旨，敘勞。 移巴里坤總兵，擢烏魯木齊提督，仍領屯田事。 奏請移沙州副將駐安西，巴里坤迤西至瑪納斯，擇有水草地設墩塘，皆議行。 時令移軍戍烏魯木齊及瑪納斯，得挈妻子以往，謂之「眷兵」。 金鼇請具一歲糧，亦從其請。 歷江南、福建、甘肅諸省提督。 固原回李化玉與河州回田五糾眾為亂，攻靖遠，金鼇與涼州副都統圖桑阿合軍討之，逐賊馬營街，固原提督剛塔亦以師來會，多所斬獲。 土司楊宗業以土兵助戰，賊憑山設拒，土兵敗走，金鼇擊賊退。 賊夜走石峰堡，糾會寧諸回，勢复張，副都統明善戰死。 金鼇進次烏家坪，擊賊，斃頭人三，擒二十有九。 轉戰至秦安土鼓山，賊敗竄蓮花城，師從之，至於雙峴，從總督李侍堯自中路進攻，敗之。 福康安督兵剿石峰堡，令金鼇防底店護運道。
Yu Jin'ao, styled Hou'an, came from Tianjin in Zhili. A military jinshi of the seventh year of Qianlong, he was appointed a Blue Feather Bodyguard. Posted to Shandong as garrison commander, he rose in due course to regional commander of the Suzhou Garrison in Gansu. Sent to Ili to oversee military farming, he brought in a bumper harvest; Ili General Yi Leitu reported that his 2,200 Green Standard troops averaged more than twenty-eight piculs of grain per man. An imperial rescript followed, recording his merit. Transferred to Barkol as regional commander and promoted to provincial commander-in-chief at Urumqi, he continued to direct the colony farms. He asked that the Shazhou brigade deputy be moved to Anxi and that beacon towers and posts be placed at watered sites from Barkol west to Manas; the court approved each proposal. Troops then being shifted to garrison Urumqi and Manas were allowed to bring their families; such settlers were called "family troops." Jin'ao asked that a full year's rations be issued in advance, and that request too was granted. He later held the post of provincial commander-in-chief in Jiangnan, Fujian, Gansu, and other provinces in turn. When the Guyuan Muslim Li Huayu and the Hezhou Muslim Tian Wu raised followers and attacked Jingyuan, Jin'ao joined Deputy Military Governor Tusang'a of Liangzhou to suppress them, driving the rebels toward Maying Street; Guyuan Commander-in-Chief Gangta brought his force to the rendezvous as well, and together they killed or captured a great number of the enemy. The tusi Yang Zongye sent native levies to help, but the rebels held the heights and routed the auxiliaries; Jin'ao then struck and forced the rebels to withdraw. The rebels slipped away by night to Shifeng Fort, rallied the Muslims of Huining, and grew bold again; Deputy Military Governor Mingshan fell in battle. Jin'ao advanced to Wujiaping, engaged the rebels, killed three of their leaders, and took twenty-nine prisoners. Fighting on to Tugu Mountain in Qin'an, he routed the rebels when they bolted for Lianhua City; the army pursued to Shuangxian, and in concert with Governor-General Li Shiyao's central column he defeated them again. When Fuk'anggan took command against Shifeng Fort, he stationed Jin'ao at Didian to secure the supply line.
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回亂定，移湖廣。 复移直隸，未行，鳳凰廳苗石滿宜糾眾為亂，金鼇聞報馳赴，令鎮筸鎮總兵尹德禧督軍破賊寨，生致其渠。 上以金鼇習苗疆事，命仍留湖廣。 台灣林爽文為亂，命德禧將湖北兵二千以往，金鼇出駐鳳凰廳鎮苗疆。 旋入覲，命在乾清門行走，賜紫禁城騎馬。 引疾乞罷，上以金鼇有勞，下總督畢沅察病狀，乃加左都督，允解官歸。 旋卒。
After the Muslim uprising was pacified he was transferred to Huguang. He was reassigned to Zhili but had not yet left when the Miao leader Shi Manyi of Fenghuang raised a revolt; Jin'ao hurried to the scene and ordered Zhen'ao Garrison Commander Yin Dexi to storm the rebel stockade and take the chief alive. Because Jin'ao was experienced in Miao frontier affairs, the emperor ordered him to remain in Huguang. When Lin Shuangwen rose in Taiwan, Yin Dexi was sent with two thousand Hubei troops while Jin'ao remained to garrison Fenghuang and keep the Miao frontier quiet. He soon came to court, was assigned duty at the Gate of Heavenly Purity, and was granted the privilege of riding inside the Forbidden City. He pleaded illness and asked to retire; the emperor, mindful of his service, had Governor-General Bi Yuan verify his condition, promoted him to Left Commissioner-in-Chief, and allowed him to resign and return home. He died shortly afterward.
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金鼇嘗預千叟宴，高宗賜之酒，命賦詩記事，金鼇辭不能詩。 上顧笑曰：「汝為香樹妻弟，又從受業，豈不能詩者？」 香樹，錢陳群字也。 官湖廣，和珅已柄政，欲納交焉。 金鼇謝不可。
Jin'ao once attended the Banquet for a Thousand Elders; the Qianlong Emperor offered him wine and asked him to compose a commemorative poem, but Jin'ao begged off, saying he was no poet. The emperor turned with a smile and said, "You are the brother-in-law of Xiangshu and studied under him as well—how can you claim you cannot write verse?" Xiangshu was the style name of the scholar Qian Chenqun. While serving in Huguang, when Heshen already dominated the government, Heshen sought his friendship. Jin'ao politely refused.
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尹德禧，鑲黃旗包衣人，初名色喀通額。 以領催從征伊犁，遷至防禦。 開戶出旗，更姓名，改籍直隸密雲縣。 從征金川，复六遷至總兵。 石滿宜據句捕砦為亂，德禧破砦獲滿宜，賜花翎。 上詰德禧：「當苗亂，何不專摺奏？」 德禧請罪，命貸之。 搜捕滿宜餘黨，苗疆悉定。 其出師台灣，師至，爽文已就俘，福康安令德禧屯竹仔港防賊逸。 台灣定，召入見，令署湖南提督。 卒，遺言請還旗籍，复隸鑲黃旗包衣。
Yin Dexi was originally a bondservant of the Bordered Yellow Banner named Seketong'e. Serving as a company clerk on the Ili campaign, he rose to garrison defense commandant. He established an independent household, left the banner rolls, took a new name, and registered as a native of Miyun County in Zhili. On the Jinchuan campaign he was promoted six more times until he became a regional commander. When Shi Manyi seized Jubu stockade in revolt, Dexi stormed the fort, captured him, and was granted the peacock feather. The emperor rebuked him: "During the Miao uprising, why did you not report directly by memorial?" He pleaded guilty and was pardoned. After hunting down Manyi's remaining followers the Miao frontier was fully pacified. On the Taiwan expedition the army arrived only after Shuangwen had been taken; Fuk'anggan stationed Dexi at Zhuzai Harbor to block any rebel escape by sea. After Taiwan was pacified he was called to court and appointed acting provincial commander-in-chief of Hunan. At his death he asked in his final wishes to be restored to the banner registers as a bondservant of the Bordered Yellow Banner.
12
剛塔，烏濟克忒氏，滿洲正藍旗人。 初充前鋒，從征準噶爾，授雲騎尉世職。 三遷直隸泰宁鎮中營游擊。 從克臨清，山東巡撫楊景素奏留山東。 四遷直隸提督，兼領馬蘭鎮總兵。 移陝西固原提督。 乾隆四十九年，鹽茶廳小山回田五糾眾為亂，攻破安西州。 剛塔督兵逐賊，殺賊數十，射殪乘馬賊渠，賜上用玉韘、大小荷包。 复逐賊至浪山，田五戰被創，自殺。 其徒竄據馬家堡，剛塔督兵合圍，賊夜出堡逾山遁，環壘樹木桿，懸衣帽其上，紿官軍，官軍逼壘，乃知賊已走。 剛塔督兵逐賊，戰於馬家灣，剛塔中矢。 復進至馬營街，殺賊數十，得級二十五。 賊攻陷通渭，其徒分據石峰堡。 西安副都統明善攻之，沒於陣。 上以師無功，令大學士阿桂、尚書福康安出視師。 上謂馬營街、石峰堡皆通渭地，剛塔方逐賊馬營街，通渭陷不赴援，明善又以攻石峰堡戰死，詔詰責。 剛塔疏言：「獲賊言將自通渭道伏羌、秦州天潼關。」 上責剛塔信賊妄語搖軍心，令福康安傳諭，奪剛塔職，逮送京師。 上方幸熱河，留京王大臣等讞當斬，上以剛塔殲賊渠田五，戰馬家灣身被創，貸死，戍伊犁。 卒。
Gangta, of the Ujikete clan, was a Manchu bannerman of the Plain Blue Banner. He began as a vanguard on the Dzungar campaigns and was granted the hereditary rank of Cloud Cavalry Captain. After three promotions he became battalion commander of the Middle Battalion at the Taining Garrison in Zhili. He took part in the capture of Linqing, and Shandong Governor Yang Jingsu asked that he be kept in Shandong. Four further promotions brought him to provincial commander-in-chief of Zhili, while he also commanded the Malan Garrison. He was transferred to command the Guyuan garrison in Shaanxi. In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong the Xiaoshan Muslim Tian Wu of Yancha ting raised followers, rebelled, and overran Anxi Prefecture. Gangta led the pursuit, killed dozens of rebels, and shot down the mounted rebel chief; the emperor rewarded him with an imperial jade thumb-ring and large and small purses. Pressing on to Lang Mountain, he wounded Tian Wu in battle; Tian Wu then took his own life. The survivors seized Majia Fort; Gangta invested it, but the rebels slipped out by night over the hills, left poles and clothing on the walls to deceive the besiegers, and were long gone before the troops discovered the ruse. Gangta continued the pursuit and fought at Majia Bay, where he was wounded by an arrow. Advancing again to Maying Street, he killed dozens of rebels and took twenty-five heads. The rebels then overran Tongwei while their bands occupied Shifeng Fort. Xi'an Deputy Military Governor Mingshan assaulted the fort and was killed in action. Because the campaign stalled, the emperor sent Grand Secretary Agui and Minister Fuk'anggan to take command in the field. The emperor observed that Maying Street and Shifeng Fort lay within Tongwei: Gangta had been chasing rebels at Maying Street when Tongwei fell yet he did not march to its relief, and Mingshan had died assaulting Shifeng Fort—an edict censured him sharply. Gangta memorialized, "Prisoners said the rebels would march from Tongwei through Fuxiang and Qinzhou toward Tiantong Pass." The emperor accused him of crediting rebel bluster and unsettling the troops, had Fuk'anggan relay the edict, stripped him of rank, and sent him under arrest to the capital. The emperor was at Rehe; the princes and ministers in Beijing recommended execution, but noting that Gangta had destroyed the rebel chief Tian Wu and been wounded at Majia Bay, the emperor spared his life and banished him to Ili. He died there in exile.
13
論曰：富僧阿鎮黑龍江，察國界，定巡徼之制。 伊勒圖鎮伊犁，徠屬部，著拊循之績。 建威銷萌，邊帥之職舉矣。 貴定增城，金鼇、剛塔攻石峰堡，名位顯晦殊，要不可謂無功也，故類次焉。
The historians remark: Fu Senga, as commander at Heilongjiang, surveyed the national boundary and instituted a lasting system of frontier patrols. Yi Leitu, holding Ili, brought dependent tribes within the fold and left a record of wise pastoral governance. By building authority and quelling trouble in its infancy, they fulfilled what frontier commanders are meant to do. Hu Gui pacified Zengcheng; Yu Jin'ao and Gangta fought at Shifeng Fort—their reputations rose and fell in different measure, yet none was without real service; hence they are recorded together in this chapter.