Volume 338 Biographies 125: Sai Leng E, Zhou Xuejian, E Chang, E Leshun, Peng Jiaping, Li Yinpei, Chang An, Fu Song

列傳一百二十五

Biography 125

塞楞額週學健鄂昌鄂樂舜彭家屏李因培常安福崧

Sai Leng'e, Zhou Xuejian, E Chang, E Leshun, Peng Jiaping, Li Yinpei, Chang An, and Fu Song

塞楞額，瓜爾佳氏，滿洲正白旗人。康熙四十八年進士，授內閣中書，擢翰林院侍講。四遷至侍郎，歷刑、兵、禮諸部。雍正二年，出署山東巡撫，入為戶部侍郎。如廣東按將軍李杕縱部兵毀米廠、閧巡撫署，事竟，仍署山東巡撫。疏請以東平州安山湖官地分畀窮民栽柳捕魚為業，上許之，並令發耗羨備用銀為建屋制船；又疏請浚柳長河，開引河二，疏積水。復入為工部侍郎，緣事奪官。乾隆元年，賜副都統銜，如索倫、巴爾虎練兵。尋授鑲藍旗漢軍副都統。出為陝西巡撫，移江西。疏請築豐城石堤，封廣信府銅塘山，均許之。再移山東。十一年，擢湖廣總督。

Sai Leng'e, of the Guwalgiya clan, was a Manchu of the Plain White Banner. He passed the jinshi examination in the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709), was appointed a Secretariat drafter, and was promoted to lecturer in the Hanlin Academy. After four promotions he rose to vice minister, serving in turn in the Ministries of Punishments, War, and Rites. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724) he was sent out as acting governor of Shandong, then recalled to the capital as vice minister of Revenue. While investigating in Guangdong, he handled the case of General Li Di, whose troops had destroyed granaries and stormed the governor's yamen; when the affair was settled he resumed his post as acting governor of Shandong. He memorialized that official land at Anshan Lake in Dongping Prefecture be allotted to the poor for planting willows and fishing; the emperor approved and ordered surplus silver from the fee allowance reserve released to build houses and boats; He also memorialized to dredge the Liu-Chang River, open two diversion channels, and drain the standing water. He returned to the capital as vice minister of Works but was stripped of his rank over an unrelated matter. In the first year of Qianlong (1736) he was granted the rank of vice commander-in-chief and sent to drill troops among the Solon and Barhu. Soon afterward he was appointed vice commander-in-chief of the Bordered Blue Banner Chinese Martial. He was appointed governor of Shaanxi and later transferred to Jiangxi. He memorialized to build a stone dike at Fengcheng and to seal off Tongtang Mountain in Guangxin Prefecture; both requests were approved. He was transferred again to Shandong. In the eleventh year (1746) he was promoted to governor-general of Huguang.

十三年，孝賢皇后崩，故事，遇國卹，諸臣當於百日後薙發。錦州知府金文醇違制被劾，逮下刑部，擬斬候。上以為不當，責尚書盛安沽譽，予重譴。江蘇巡撫安寧舉江南河南總督週學健薙發如文醇，上並命逮治。因詔諸直省察屬吏中有違制薙發者，不必治其罪，但令以名聞。是時塞楞額亦薙發，湖北巡撫彭樹葵、湖南巡撫楊錫紱及諸屬吏皆從之。得詔，塞楞額具疏自陳，上命還京師待罪。諭謂：「文醇已擬斬決，豈知督撫中有周學健，則無怪於文醇；豈知滿洲大臣中有塞楞額，又無怪於學健。」因釋文醇，寬學健，皆發直隸，以修城自贖。樹葵、錫紱誤從塞楞額，錫紱並勸塞楞額檢舉，皆貸罪；令樹葵分任修城，示薄罰。塞楞額至刑部，論斬決。上謂：「祖宗定制，君臣大義，而違蔑至此，萬無可恕！以尚為舊臣，令宣諭賜自盡。」

In the thirteenth year (1748) Empress Xiaoxian died; by precedent, during national mourning officials were to shave their heads only after the hundred-day mourning period had passed. Jin Wenchun, prefect of Jinzhou, was impeached for shaving his head in violation of the regulations; he was arrested and sent to the Ministry of Punishments, which proposed execution with reprieve. The emperor deemed the sentence too harsh, rebuked Minister Sheng An for currying favor, and imposed severe punishment on him. Jiangsu governor An Ning reported that Jiangnan-Henan governor-general Zhou Xuejian had shaved his head early, as Wenchun had; the emperor ordered both men arrested and tried. The emperor then decreed that every province should investigate which subordinates had shaved their heads in violation of the regulations; they were not to be punished, but only their names reported. By then Sai Leng'e had also shaved his head; Hubei governor Peng Shukui, Hunan governor Yang Xizhen, and all their subordinates had done the same. When the decree arrived, Sai Leng'e submitted a memorial confessing his offense; the emperor ordered him back to the capital to await judgment. An edict declared: "Wenchun had already been proposed for execution—who would have guessed that among the governors-general and governors was Zhou Xuejian? Then Wenchun is hardly surprising; who would have guessed that among the Manchu grand ministers was Sai Leng'e? Then Xuejian is hardly surprising either." Wenchun was therefore released and Xuejian treated leniently; both were sent to Zhili to redeem themselves by working on the city walls. Shukui and Xizhen had mistakenly followed Sai Leng'e's example; Xizhen had even urged Sai Leng'e to report the others—all were pardoned; Peng Shukui was ordered to take a share of the wall-repair work as a token punishment. Sai Leng'e was sent to the Ministry of Punishments, which proposed immediate execution. The emperor said: "The regulations left by our ancestors embody the great bond between sovereign and minister—to defy them so brazenly is utterly unforgivable! Yet because he is still an old servant, let an edict be proclaimed granting him permission to take his own life."

學健，江西新健人。雍正元年進士，改庶吉士，散館授編修。五遷至戶部侍郎。命如山東按事，兩詣上下江會督撫治災賑、水利，出署福建巡撫、浙閩總督。加太子少保，授江南河道總督，坐違制薙發，奪官，命江西巡撫開泰籍其家。開泰發其往來私書，中有丁憂兗沂曹道吳同仁行賕學健，乞舉以自代。上為罷陳舉自代例，詔曰：「朕令大臣舉可以自代之人，凡以拔茅茹、顯俊乂之意也。今同仁囑學健許以兩千，朕不解焉。問之錢陳群，始知為賕。夫考績黜陟，何可為苞苴之門，豈朕若渴之誠尚未喻於二三大臣耶？朕甚恧焉！其罷之。」別詔又謂：「學健卞急剛愎，不料其不勵名檢竟至於此！」下兩江總督策楞覆勘，具得學健營私受贓、縱戚屬奴僕骫法狀，刑部引塞楞額及前步軍統領鄂善例論斬決。上謂學健違制罪已貰，婪贓鬻破薦舉事視鄂善尤重，賜自盡。

Zhou Xuejian was a native of Xinjian in Jiangxi. He passed the jinshi examination in the first year of Yongzheng (1723), entered the Hanlin Academy as a probationer, and after completing his term was appointed a compiler. After five promotions he rose to vice minister of Revenue. He was sent to Shandong on investigative duty, twice traveled to the upper and lower Yangzi to join the governors-general in disaster relief and water control, and served as acting governor of Fujian and governor-general of Zhejiang and Fujian. He was made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent and appointed governor-general of Jiangnan river conservancy; for shaving his head in violation of the mourning regulations he was dismissed, and Jiangxi governor Kaitai was ordered to inventory his estate. Kaitai uncovered his private correspondence, including a letter from Wu Tongren of the Yan-Yi-Cao Circuit, then in mourning, who had bribed Xuejian and asked to be recommended as his successor. The emperor therefore abolished the practice of recommending one's own successor and issued an edict: "When I ask grand ministers to name those who could replace them, it is solely to draw up talent by the root and bring forth the worthy. Yet Tongren had Xuejian promise him two thousand taels—I cannot fathom this. When he asked Qian Chenqun, he learned that it was a bribe. How can merit review and appointments become a channel for bribery? Has my earnest search for talent still not reached you great ministers? I am deeply ashamed of this! Let this practice be abolished." A separate edict also declared: "Xuejian is impetuous and obstinate—I never imagined his neglect of moral discipline would go this far!" The Liangjiang governor-general Celeng was ordered to reinvestigate and fully documented Xuejian's embezzlement, bribe-taking, and indulgence of relatives and servants in breaking the law; the Ministry of Punishments cited the precedents of Sai Leng'e and the former metropolitan garrison commander E Shan and proposed execution. The emperor held that Xuejian's violation of the mourning regulations had already been pardoned, but his greed for bribes and trafficking in recommendations was even graver than E Shan's case, and he was granted permission to take his own life.

鄂昌，西林覺羅氏，滿洲鑲藍旗人，大學士鄂爾泰從子也。雍正六年，以舉人授戶部主事。七年，超擢陝西寧夏道。十年，遷甘肅布政使。十一年，署陝西巡撫，旋授四川巡撫。酉陽州土司冉元齡老病，子廣烜襲，土民苦其貪暴，鄂昌奏請改土歸流。十三年，總督黃廷桂劾鄂昌貪縱，命奪職，以楊馝代之。遣刑部侍郎申珠渾會馝按治，得鄂昌枷斃罪人及受屬吏銀瓶諸狀，命逮下刑部，論杖徒，遇赦免。乾隆元年，令在批本處行走。二年，授直隸口北道，遷甘肅按察使。山西民梁玥等在高台遇盜死，知縣伍升堂捕良民鍛煉論罪，鄂昌雪其冤，得真盜置之法。巡撫黃廷桂疏陳鄂昌平反狀，旨嘉獎。九年，遷廣西布政使。十一年，署廣西巡撫。疏請以鄂爾泰祀廣西名宦，上責其私，不許。十二年，疏自陳舉布政使李錫泰自代，上复責其朋比。因命督撫不得舉本省籓臬自代，著為例。迭移江蘇、四川、甘肅諸省，署甘肅提督、陝甘總督。复移江西巡撫。時傳播尚書孫嘉淦疏稿有誣謗語，命諸行省究所從來。鄂昌以坐廣饒九南道施廷翰子奕度逮下刑部，鞫無據，雪其枉，召鄂昌詣京師待命。獄定，誅千總盧魯生。責鄂昌誤讞，下刑部，論杖徒，命貸罪，發往軍台效力。十九年閏四月，命以甘肅貯官茶發北路軍備用，命鄂昌董其事。旋授甘肅巡撫，理軍需。

E Chang, of the Xilin Gioro clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered Blue Banner and a nephew of Grand Secretary Ortai. In the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), as a provincial graduate he was appointed a clerk in the Ministry of Revenue. In the seventh year (1729) he was promoted out of turn to intendant of the Ningxia circuit in Shaanxi. In the tenth year (1732) he was transferred to provincial administration commissioner of Gansu. In the eleventh year (1733) he served as acting governor of Shaanxi, then was appointed governor of Sichuan. Ran Yuanling, native chieftain of Youyang Prefecture, was aged and ill; his son Guangxuan succeeded him, and the local people suffered under his greed and cruelty; E Chang memorialized to abolish native rule and bring the territory under regular administration. In the thirteenth year (1735) Governor-General Huang Tinggui impeached E Chang for greed and lax discipline; he was stripped of office and replaced by Yang Fei. Vice Minister Shen Zhuhun of the Ministry of Punishments was dispatched to join Fei in the investigation; they established that E Chang had beaten prisoners to death in the cangue and accepted silver vessels from subordinates; he was arrested and sent to the Ministry of Punishments, which proposed beating and penal servitude; he was spared by a general amnesty. In the first year of Qianlong (1736) he was assigned to serve in the document-drafting office. In the second year (1737) he was appointed intendant of the Koubei circuit in Zhili and then transferred to provincial surveillance commissioner of Gansu. Liang Yue and other Shanxi travelers were killed by bandits at Gaotai; Magistrate Wu Shengtang arrested innocent men and framed them for conviction; E Chang cleared their names, caught the real bandits, and had them punished according to law. Governor Huang Tinggui memorialized E Chang's success in resolving the case; the emperor responded with praise. In the ninth year (1744) he was transferred to provincial administration commissioner of Guangxi. In the eleventh year (1746) he served as acting governor of Guangxi. He memorialized that Ortai be entered in Guangxi's shrine of famous officials; the emperor rebuked him for favoritism and refused. In the twelfth year (1747) he memorialized recommending provincial administration commissioner Li Xitai as his successor; the emperor again rebuked him for cliquish favoritism. The emperor then ordered that governors-general and governors might not recommend officials of their own province as successors, and this was made a standing rule. He was transferred in turn through Jiangsu, Sichuan, and Gansu, and served as acting provincial military commander of Gansu and governor-general of Shaanxi and Gansu. He was transferred again to serve as governor of Jiangxi. At the time a draft memorial by Minister Sun Jiagan was circulating that contained slanderous passages; the emperor ordered every province to trace where it had come from. E Chang had arrested Yidu, son of Guangrao-Jiunan circuit intendant Shi Tinghan, and sent him to the Ministry of Punishments; the interrogation found no evidence, the wrongful conviction was overturned, and E Chang was summoned to the capital to await further orders. When the case was concluded, company commander Lu Lusheng was executed. E Chang was rebuked for a mistaken verdict and sent to the Ministry of Punishments, which proposed beating and penal servitude; his punishment was remitted and he was sent to serve at a military post on the frontier. In the intercalary fourth month of the nineteenth year (1754) he was ordered to distribute the official tea stored in Gansu for the northern-route armies, with E Chang placed in charge. Soon afterward he was appointed governor of Gansu to manage military supplies.

內閣學士胡中藻著堅磨生集，文辭險怪，上指詩中語訕上，坐悖逆誅。中藻故鄂爾泰門人，鄂昌與唱和。上命奪職，逮至京師下獄。大學士九卿會鞫，籍其家，得所著塞上吟，語怨望；又聞鄂容安從軍，輒云「奈何奈何」，上責以失滿洲踴躍行師舊俗。又得與大學士史貽直書稿，知貽直為其子奕簪請託，上為罷貽直。諭：「鄂昌負恩黨逆，罪當肆市。但尚能知罪，又於貽直請託狀直承無諱，朕得以明正官常，從寬賜自盡。」

Hanlin Academician Hu Zhongzao published the Jianmo Sheng Collection in a strange and menacing style; the emperor cited lines in the poems that mocked the throne, and Hu was executed for treason. Zhongzao had been a disciple of Ortai, and E Chang had exchanged poems with him. The emperor ordered him stripped of office, arrested, and imprisoned in the capital. The grand secretaries and Nine Ministers jointly tried him; his household was searched and his Saishang Yin was found, full of resentful language; it was also reported that when E Rong'an went on campaign he kept saying "What is to be done, what is to be done"; the emperor rebuked him for abandoning the old Manchu custom of eager advance on campaign. Correspondence with Grand Secretary Shi Yizhi was also found, revealing that Yizhi had solicited favors for his son Yizan; the emperor dismissed Yizhi on this account. An edict declared: "E Chang has betrayed imperial favor and joined the rebels; his crime merits execution by dismemberment in the marketplace. Yet he still acknowledges his guilt, and in the matter of Yizhi's solicitation he confessed frankly without evasion, enabling me to clarify official norms; he is shown leniency and granted permission to take his own life."

中藻，江西新建人。乾隆元年進士。上舉其詩有曰「又降一世」，曰「亦天之子」，曰「與一世爭在醜夷」，無慮數十事，語悖慢；又有「西林第一門」語，斥其攀援門戶，恬不知恥。因及鄂爾泰及張廷玉秉政，各有引援，朋分角立。謂：「如鄂爾泰猶在，當治其植黨之罪。」命罷賢良祠祀。

Hu Zhongzao was a native of Xinjian in Jiangxi. He passed the jinshi examination in the first year of Qianlong (1736). The emperor cited his poems, including lines such as "descending yet another generation," "also a son of Heaven," and "contending with a generation lies in the ugly barbarian"—dozens of instances in all of rebellious and disrespectful language; there was also the line "first gate of the Western Grove," rebuking his clinging to factional patronage without the slightest shame. The edict went on to Ortai and Zhang Tingyu holding power, each with his own network of patronage, factions standing opposed like horn and corner. It declared: "Had Ortai still been alive, he should have been punished for building a faction." Ortai was ordered removed from the Shrine of Worthies.

鄂樂舜亦鄂爾泰從子，初名鄂敏。雍正八年進士，改庶吉士，授編修。秋讞侍班，刑部侍郎王國棟放縱愆儀。上命之退，鄂敏未引去。因以責鄂敏，奪官。逾年，复編修。出為江西瑞州知府，累遷湖北布政使。命更名鄂樂舜。遷甘肅巡撫，疏請茶引備安西五衛積貯；移浙江，修海塘；皆議行。尋移安徽，又移山東。未行，浙江按察使富勒渾密劾鄂樂舜在浙江時，布政使同德為婪索鹽商銀八千，命侍郎劉綸、浙閩總督喀爾吉善按治。綸等言鄂樂舜實假公使銀。上又命兩江總督尹繼善會鞫，得婪索鹽商狀，如富勒渾言，但無與同德事，鄂樂舜論絞，富勒渾亦坐誣治罪。上以定擬失當，擢富勒渾布政使，逮鄂樂舜至京師，賜自盡。時後鄂昌死未一年也。

E Leshun was also a nephew of Ortai; his original name was E Min. He passed the jinshi examination in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), entered the Hanlin Academy as a probationer, and was appointed a compiler. While attending the autumn assize, Vice Minister Wang Guodong of the Ministry of Punishments was lax in court decorum. The emperor ordered Wang to withdraw, but E Min did not leave his post. E Min was therefore rebuked and stripped of his rank. A year later he was restored to his post as compiler. He was sent out as prefect of Ruizhou in Jiangxi and rose in succession to provincial administration commissioner of Hubei. He was ordered to change his name to E Leshun. He was transferred to governor of Gansu and memorialized that tea transport certificates be issued to build up stores in the five guards of Anxi; transferred to Zhejiang, he repaired the seawalls; all proposals were approved. Soon afterward he was transferred to Anhui, then again to Shandong. Before he could leave, Zhejiang provincial surveillance commissioner Fulehun secretly impeached E Leshun, reporting that while in Zhejiang, provincial administration commissioner Tongde had extorted eight thousand taels from salt merchants; Vice Minister Liu Lun and Zhe-Fujian Governor-General Ka'erjishan were ordered to investigate. Lun and the others reported that E Leshun had in fact used his office to extort silver. The emperor also ordered Liangjiang Governor-General Yin Jishan to join the trial; they established the extortion from salt merchants as Fulehun had alleged, but found no collusion with Tongde; E Leshun was proposed for strangulation, and Fulehun was also punished for a false accusation. The emperor deemed the proposed sentence inappropriate, promoted Fulehun to provincial administration commissioner, had E Leshun arrested and brought to the capital, and granted him permission to take his own life. This came less than a year after E Chang's death.

彭家屏，字樂君，河南夏邑人。康熙六十年進士，授刑部主事，累遷郎中。考選山西道御史，外授直隸清河道。三遷江西布政使。移雲南，再移江蘇。以病乞罷。乾隆二十二年春，高宗南巡，家屏迎謁。上諮歲事，家屏奏：「夏邑及鄰縣永城上年被水災獨重。」河南巡撫圖爾炳阿朝行在，上以家屏語詰之，猶言水未為災，上命偕家屏往勘；又以問河東河道總督張師載，師載奏如家屏言，上謂師載篤實，語當不誑，飭圖爾炳阿秉公勘奏，毋更回護。上幸徐州，見饑民困苦狀，念夏邑、永城壤相接，被災狀亦當同；密令步軍統領衙門員外郎觀音保微服往視。上北還，發徐州，夏邑民張欽遮道言縣吏諱災，上申命圖爾炳阿詳勘。次鄒縣，夏邑民劉元德复訴縣吏施賑不實，上不懌，詰主使，元德舉諸生段昌緒，命侍衛成林監元德還夏邑按其事；而觀音保還奏夏邑、永城、虞城、商丘四縣災甚重，積水久，田不可耕；災民鬻子女，人不過錢二三百，觀音保收災民子二，以其券呈上。上為動容，詔舉其事，謂：「為吾赤子，而使骨肉不相顧至此，事不忍言。」因奪圖爾炳阿職，戍烏里雅蘇台，諸縣吏皆坐罪。

Peng Jiaping, style name Lejun, was a native of Xiayi in Henan. He passed the jinshi examination in the sixtieth year of Kangxi (1721), was appointed a clerk in the Ministry of Punishments, and rose in succession to director. Selected by examination as censor of the Shanxi circuit, he was sent out as intendant of the Qinghe circuit in Zhili. After three promotions he became provincial administration commissioner of Jiangxi. He was transferred to Yunnan, then again to Jiangsu. He requested retirement on grounds of illness. In the spring of the twenty-second year of Qianlong (1757), the emperor made a southern tour; Jiaping went out to welcome him and pay his respects. The emperor inquired about the year's harvest; Jiaping reported: "Xiayi and the neighboring county of Yongcheng suffered especially severe flooding last year." Henan Governor Tu'erbing'a attended at the traveling palace; the emperor confronted him with Jiaping's report, but he still insisted the floods had not caused disaster; the emperor ordered him to go with Jiaping to investigate; he also asked Hedong river conservancy governor-general Zhang Shizai, who reported as Jiaping had; the emperor said Zhang was solid and reliable and would not deceive him, and ordered Tu'erbing'a to investigate impartially and report back without further cover-up. When the emperor visited Xuzhou and saw the distress of the famine victims, he reflected that Xiayi and Yongcheng shared contiguous territory and must have suffered similarly; he secretly ordered Guanyinbao, an extra-grade officer of the metropolitan garrison command, to go in disguise and inspect. On the emperor's return north from Xuzhou, Zhang Qin of Xiayi blocked the road to report that county officials were concealing the disaster; the emperor again ordered Tu'erbing'a to investigate thoroughly. At Zou County, Liu Yuande of Xiayi again complained that county officials were distributing relief dishonestly; the emperor was displeased and demanded who was behind it; Yuande named the licentiate Duan Changxu; the emperor ordered guard Cheng Lin to escort Yuande back to Xiayi to investigate; meanwhile Guanyinbao returned and reported that the four counties of Xiayi, Yongcheng, Yucheng, and Shangqiu had suffered extremely severe disaster, with standing water for a long time and fields impossible to cultivate; disaster victims were selling their sons and daughters for no more than two or three hundred cash each; Guanyinbao took in two children of disaster victims and presented their sale contracts to the emperor. The emperor was deeply moved, proclaimed the matter publicly, and said: "These are my own children, yet families cannot care for one another to this point—the matter is unbearable to speak of." Tu'erbing'a was therefore stripped of office and exiled to Uliassutai; all the county officials were punished.

成林至夏邑，與知縣孫默召昌緒不至，捕諸家，於臥室得傳鈔吳三桂檄，以聞上。上遂怒，貸圖爾炳阿遣戍及諸縣吏罪，令直隸總督方觀承覆按。召家屏詣京師，問其家有無三桂傳鈔檄及他禁書。家屏言有明季野史數種，未嘗檢閱，上責其辭遁，命奪職下刑部，使侍衛三泰按驗。家屏子傳笏慮得罪，焚其書，命逮昌緒、傳笏下刑部，誅昌緒，家屏、傳笏亦坐斬，籍其家，分田予貧民。圖爾炳阿又以家屏族譜上，譜號大彭統記，御名皆直書不缺筆。上益怒，責家屏狂悖無君，即獄中賜自盡。秋讞，刑部入傳笏情實，上以子為父隱，貸其死。上既譴家屏等，召圖爾炳阿還京師，逮默下刑部，命觀音保以通判知夏邑。手詔戒敕，謂：「刁頑既除，良懦可憫。當善為撫綏，毋俾災民失所也。」

Cheng Lin arrived at Xiayi; he and Magistrate Sun Mo summoned Changxu but he did not appear; they searched his house and in his bedroom found a circulated copy of Wu Sangui's proclamation, which they reported to the emperor. The emperor then grew angry, remitted Tu'erbing'a's exile and the county officials' punishments, and ordered Zhili Governor-General Fang Guancheng to reinvestigate. Jiaping was summoned to the capital and asked whether his household possessed circulated copies of Sangui's proclamation or other banned books. Jiaping said there were several kinds of unofficial Ming histories that he had never examined; the emperor rebuked him for evasive words, ordered him stripped of office and sent to the Ministry of Punishments, and had guard Santai investigate. Jiaping's son Chuanhu, fearing prosecution, burned the books; Changxu and Chuanhu were arrested and sent to the Ministry of Punishments; Changxu was executed, Jiaping and Chuanhu were also sentenced to execution, their estate was inventoried, and land was distributed to the poor. Tu'erbing'a also submitted Jiaping's clan genealogy, titled Comprehensive Record of the Great Peng, in which imperial taboo names were written in full without omitting strokes. The emperor grew still angrier, rebuked Jiaping for insolent disloyalty to the sovereign, and granted him permission to take his own life in prison. At the autumn assize the Ministry of Punishments entered Chuanhu as a confirmed case; the emperor held that a son who concealed evidence for his father deserved mercy, and spared his life. After punishing Jiaping and the others, the emperor summoned Tu'erbing'a back to the capital, arrested Mo and sent him to the Ministry of Punishments, and appointed Guanyinbao subprefect of Xiayi. In a personal edict of admonition he said: "Now that the crafty and obstinate have been removed, the good and the weak deserve compassion. You must govern with care and comfort, and not let disaster victims lose their homes."

李因培，雲南晉寧人。乾隆十年進士，改庶吉士，散館授編修。十三年，特擢翰林院侍講學士，督山東學政。十四年，再擢內閣學士。十八年，署刑部侍郎，兼順天府尹。蝗起，因培劾通永道王楷等不力捕，皆奪職；又劾涿州知州李鍾俾虧倉穀，論罪如律。衡水知縣劉士玉，因培鄉人也，以賄敗，為直隸總督方觀承論劾。冀州知州誇喀謁因培，因培稱士玉冤，誇喀因為申布政、按察兩司。十九年，直隸布政使玉麟以其事聞，因培坐奪職。甫三月，起光祿寺卿。复督山東學政。二十一年，移江蘇。二十四年，遷內閣學士。學政任滿，移浙江。二十七年，任又滿，复移江蘇。上南巡，賦詩以賜。二十八年，授禮部侍郎，尋改倉場侍郎，皆留督學。

Li Yinpei was a native of Jinning in Yunnan. He passed the jinshi examination in the tenth year of Qianlong (1745), entered the Hanlin Academy as a probationer, and after completing his term was appointed a compiler. In the thirteenth year (1748) he was specially promoted to reader-in-waiting in the Hanlin Academy and appointed educational commissioner of Shandong. In the fourteenth year (1749) he was again promoted to Grand Secretariat academician. In the eighteenth year (1753) he served as acting vice minister of Punishments and concurrently as metropolitan magistrate of Shuntian. When locusts appeared, Yinpei impeached Wang Kai and others of the Tongyong circuit for failing to capture them effectively; all were stripped of office; he also impeached Li Zhongbi, prefect of Zhuozhou, for a deficit in granary grain, and he was sentenced according to law. Liu Shiyu, magistrate of Hengshui, was a fellow townsman of Yinpei; he was ruined by bribery and was impeached by Zhili Governor-General Fang Guancheng. Kuaka, prefect of Jizhou, called on Yinpei; Yinpei declared that Shiyu had been wronged, and Kuaka therefore appealed on his behalf to the provincial administration and surveillance commissioners. In the nineteenth year (1754) Zhili provincial administration commissioner Yulin reported the matter, and Yinpei was stripped of office on this account. After only three months he was reappointed director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments. He again served as educational commissioner of Shandong. In the twenty-first year (1756) he was transferred to Jiangsu. In the twenty-fourth year (1759) he was transferred to Grand Secretariat academician. When his term as educational commissioner ended, he was transferred to Zhejiang. In the twenty-seventh year (1762), when his term again ended, he was transferred again to Jiangsu. On the emperor's southern tour he was presented with an imperial poem. In the twenty-eighth year (1763) he was appointed vice minister of Rites, then transferred to vice minister of the granary depots, retaining his educational duties in both posts.

二十九年，授湖北巡撫。上諭湖廣總督吳達善曰：「因培能治事，學問亦優，但未免恃才，好居人上。今初任民事，汝當留意，治事有不當，善規之；不聽，即以聞。朕久未擢用，亦欲折鍊其氣質。今似勝於前，但恐志滿易盈，負朕造就耳。」旋移湖南。三十一年，又移福建，將行，常德被水。上令速予災民一月糧，詔未至，因培令秋後勘災如故事。上責因培「以將受代，五日京兆，不恤民瘼」，下部議，當降調。甫兩月，授四川按察使。

In the twenty-ninth year (1764) he was appointed governor of Hubei. The emperor instructed Huguang Governor-General Wu Dashan: "Yinpei can manage affairs and his learning is excellent, but he cannot help relying on his talent and liking to rank above others. Now that he is taking up civil administration for the first time, you must watch him closely; if his governance is improper, advise him firmly; if he will not listen, report it to me at once. I have long withheld promoting him, also wishing to temper his disposition. He now seems better than before, but I fear that when ambition runs full it easily overflows, betraying my efforts to cultivate him." He was shortly transferred to Hunan. In the thirty-first year (1766) he was again transferred to Fujian; just as he was about to depart, Changde was flooded. The emperor ordered that disaster victims be given one month's grain at once; before the edict arrived, Yinpei ordered the disaster surveyed after autumn according to precedent. The emperor rebuked Yinpei: "About to be replaced, within five days of the capital—yet indifferent to the people's suffering"; the matter was sent to the ministries for deliberation, proposing demotion. After only two months he was appointed provincial surveillance commissioner of Sichuan.

因培在湖南日，常德知府錫爾達發武陵知縣馮其柘虧庫帑二萬馀。時因培報通省倉穀無虧，慮以歧誤得罪；示意布政使赫升額，令桂陽知州張宏燧代其柘償萬馀，不足，仍疏劾。會宏燧讞縣民侯岳添被殺，誤指罪人，為按察使宮兆麟所糾。因培及繼任巡撫常鈞覆讞不能決，上命侍郎期成額即訊，因得宏燧營私虧帑，及承因培指代其柘償金諸狀，以聞。上命奪因培官，逮送湖北對簿，具服。諭曰：「諸直省倉庫虧缺，最為錮弊。昔皇考嚴加重戒，硃批諭旨，不啻三令五申，人亦不敢輕犯。朕御極三十馀年，有犯必懲，乃近年營私骫法，屢有發覺。豈因稽查稍疏，故態復作？朕自愧誠不能感人，若再不能執法，則朕亦非甚懦弱姑息之主也。」期成額奏至，因培下刑部論斬決，上命改監候。秋讞入情實，賜自盡。

While Yinpei was in Hunan, Changde prefect Xi'erda exposed a deficit of more than twenty thousand taels in the treasury funds of Wuling magistrate Feng Qizhe. At the time Yinpei had reported that granary grain throughout the province showed no deficit; he feared being punished for the discrepancy; he hinted to provincial administration commissioner Hesheng'e, had Guiyang prefect Zhang Hongsui repay more than ten thousand taels on Qizhe's behalf, and when this was insufficient still memorialized for impeachment. It happened that in Hongsui's trial of the murder of county resident Hou Yuetian he wrongly identified the culprit and was impeached by provincial surveillance commissioner Gong Zhaolin. Yinpei and his successor Governor Chang Jun reinvestigated but could not reach a decision; the emperor ordered Vice Minister Qicheng'e to interrogate at once; thereby Hongsui's private dealings and treasury deficits were established, as well as his following Yinpei's instruction to repay Qizhe's funds on his behalf, and this was reported. The emperor ordered Yinpei stripped of office, arrested and sent to Hubei for trial, where he fully confessed. An edict declared: "Deficits in the granaries and treasuries of all provinces are the most entrenched abuse. Formerly my late father imposed severe warnings, with vermilion-ink edicts repeated again and again, and officials did not dare lightly violate them. I have reigned more than thirty years and punished every offense, yet in recent years private dealings and bending the law have repeatedly come to light. Is it because oversight has grown slightly lax that the old abuses have revived? I myself regret that I truly cannot move people by sincerity; if I cannot enforce the law again, then I am not so weak and indulgent a sovereign either." When Qicheng'e's report arrived, Yinpei was sent to the Ministry of Punishments, which proposed execution; the emperor ordered it changed to imprisonment awaiting execution. At the autumn assize he was entered as a confirmed case and granted permission to take his own life.

常安，字履坦，納喇氏，滿洲鑲紅旗人。以諸生授筆帖式，自刑部改隸山西巡撫署。雍正初，擢太原理事通判。世宗時，庶僚皆得上章言事。常安疏請裁驛站館夫及諸官署鐙夫，省科派，從之。尋擢冀寧道。遷廣西按察使，移雲南。就遷布政使，移貴州。疏言：「苗疆多事，由於兵役擾累。嗣後有擾累事，罪該管文武官。」下云貴廣西總督議行。遷江西巡撫。十三年，以母喪去官。

Chang An, style name Lütan, of the Nara clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered Red Banner. As a licentiate he was appointed a clerk, then transferred from the Ministry of Punishments to serve under the governor of Shanxi. At the beginning of the Yongzheng reign he was promoted to subprefect and judicial intendant of Taiyuan. During the Yongzheng reign, all subordinate officials could submit memorials on public affairs. Chang An memorialized to cut post-station attendants and lamp-bearers at various government offices to reduce levies; the request was approved. Soon afterward he was promoted to intendant of the Jining circuit. He was transferred to provincial surveillance commissioner of Guangxi, then to Yunnan. He was then promoted to provincial administration commissioner and transferred to Guizhou. He memorialized: "Troubles in the Miao frontier arise from harassment by soldiers and corvée labor. Hereafter, whenever there is such harassment, the civil and military officials in charge shall be held responsible." This was sent to the governor-general of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi for deliberation and implementation. He was transferred to governor of Jiangxi. In the thirteenth year he left office to observe mourning for his mother.

乾隆元年，還京師，舟經仲家淺，其僕迫閘官非時啟閘越渡，高宗聞之，諭謂：「皇考臨御時所未嘗有！徒以初政崇尚寬大，常安封疆大吏，乃為此市井跋扈之舉，目無功令。」下東河總督白鍾山按治，奪官，下刑部論罪，當枷號鞭責，命貸之，往北路軍營董糧餉。四年，授盛京兵部侍郎。內移刑部侍郎，外授漕運總督。內閣學士雅爾呼達請增遣滿洲兵駐防口外，直隸總督孫嘉淦疏請於獨石口、張家口外擇可耕地屯兵招墾。常安以為侵蒙古游牧地，疏請寢其事。

In the first year of Qianlong (1736), returning to the capital, his boat passed Zhongjia Ford; his servants forced the lock keeper to open the sluice out of season and cross; when the emperor heard of it, an edict declared: "This never happened in my late father's reign! Only because the early reign valued leniency, Chang An—a frontier grand official—has committed this market-town bullying act, treating regulations with contempt. Eastern Rivers Governor-General Bai Zhongshan was ordered to investigate; Chang An was stripped of office and sent to the Ministry of Punishments, which proposed the cangue and whipping; his punishment was remitted and he was sent to manage grain supplies at the northern-route military camps. In the fourth year (1739) he was appointed vice minister of War at Mukden. He was transferred within to vice minister of Punishments, then sent out as governor-general of grain transport. Grand Secretariat academician Ya'erhuda requested additional dispatch of Manchu troops to garrison beyond the passes; Zhili Governor-General Sun Jiagan memorialized to select cultivable land beyond Dushikou and Zhangjiakou for garrison farming and recruitment of settlers. Chang An held that this would encroach on Mongol pasturelands and memorialized to abandon the proposal.

六年，移浙江巡撫，謝上，因言：「屬吏賢否視上司為表率，惟有身先砥礪，共勵清操。」上諭曰：「廉固人臣之本，然封疆大臣非僅廉所能勝任。為國家計安全，為生民謀衣食，其事正多。觀汝有終身誦廉之意則非矣。」上念浙江海塘為民保障，詔詢近時狀，並命閩浙總督那蘇圖、杭州將軍傅森會常安詳勘。常安等議：「海寧至仁和原有柴塘，塘外臨水，仿河工絡壩之法，用竹簍盛碎石，層層排築，外捍潮汐，內護塘基。水去沙停，漸有淤灘，再用左都御史劉統勳議，改建石塘。」別疏又言：「塘工可大可小，大則終年興工，亦難保其無虞；小則應興則興，應停則停，惟期免於衝決。是在因時損益，不宜惜費，亦不宜糜費。乾隆四五年間所修石塘，竭力督催，明歲可望全完。各塘不無闊狹高低，必須整齊堅固。臣諭督塘兵培補鑲墊，俾塘有堅工，兵無閒曠。海寧塘后舊有土塘以備泛溢，令民間栽柳，根株盤結塘身，枝幹藉資工用。」八年，石工乃成。

In the sixth year (1741) he was transferred to governor of Zhejiang; in his audience of thanks he said: "Whether subordinates are worthy depends on their superiors as models; only by taking the lead in self-discipline can we jointly encourage integrity." The emperor instructed: "Integrity is indeed the foundation of a minister, yet a frontier grand official cannot fulfill his duties by integrity alone. Planning security for the state and clothing and food for the people—there is much else to be done. From your talk of chanting integrity all your life—that is not what I mean." The emperor, mindful that Zhejiang's seawalls were the people's safeguard, proclaimed an inquiry into recent conditions and ordered Zhe-Fujian Governor-General Nasutu, Hangzhou general Fusen, and Chang An jointly to investigate in detail. Chang An and the others reported: "From Haining to Renhe there were originally wattled seawalls; facing the water outside the wall, following the river-works method of linked dams, bamboo baskets filled with broken stone were laid in tiers to repel the tides outside and protect the wall foundation within. When the water receded the sand settled and silt banks gradually formed; following the proposal of Left Censor-in-Chief Liu Tongxun, stone seawalls were then built. A separate memorial also said: "Seawall works can be large or small; if large, construction runs all year and it is still hard to guarantee no mishap; if small, work when it should begin and stop when it should stop, only hoping to avoid breach. The point is to adjust according to the times—one should neither be stingy with funds nor squander them. The stone seawalls repaired in the forty-fourth and forty-fifth years of Qianlong are being urged on with all effort and may be fully completed next year. Each section of wall inevitably varies in width, height, and level and must be made uniform and solid. Your servant has instructed the seawall garrison troops to repair, patch, and reinforce so that the wall has solid work and the soldiers have no idle time. Behind the Haining wall there was formerly an earthen embankment against overflow; the people were ordered to plant willows whose roots would bind the wall body and whose branches could supply materials for the works. In the eighth year the stone works were completed.

常安在浙江久，有惠政：嘗用保甲法編太湖漁舟，清盜源；釐兩浙鹺政諸弊，蘇商困；以溫、處二府貧瘠鮮蓋藏，招商轉江蘇米自海道至，佐民食。江蘇巡撫陳大受疏論常安輕開海禁，常安疏辨。謂：「蘇視溫、處彼此雖殊，兩地皆皇上赤子，大受不當過分畛域。」上諭曰：「汝等以此而矛盾，皆為民耳，出於不得已。以後豐年可不須，若需穀孔亟，當視此行耳。」常安巡視寧波沿海諸地，泛海至鎮海，又至定海，疏陳內外洋諸島嶼狀，謂內洋宜招民廣墾，外洋宜封禁。上嘉其衝冒風濤，勤於王事。嘉、湖二府奸民迷誘民間子女，常安督吏捕治，悉獲諸奸民。上令視採生折割例從重定擬，飭常安寬縱。尋上疏言：「州縣親民吏，必於轄境事無繁簡、地無遠近莫不深知，而後有實政以及於民。應飭於齋戒停刑暇日親歷鄉村，以次而遍。引其父老，詢以疾苦，於地方利弊了然胸中，且籍以周知戶口。如遇災賑，董理易為力。」上深然之。錢塘江入海處近蕭山為南大亹，近海寧為北大亹，蜀山南別有中小亹。舊為江海匯流處，漸淤塞，水趨南大亹，逼海寧。九年，尚書訥親蒞視，議復中小亹故道。常安令就沙嘴為溝四，引潮刷沙，歷數年，沙漸去。十一年，疏言：「春伏兩汛已過，南沙坍卸殆盡，蜀山已在水中。倘秋汛不復湧沙，大溜竟行中小亹矣。」上諭曰：「此言豈可輕出？亦俟三五年後如何耳。如能全行中小亹，果可喜事也。」

Chang An served long in Zhejiang and had benevolent policies: he once used the baojia system to register fishing boats on Tai Lake and clear out the sources of banditry; he rectified abuses in the salt administration of the two Zhe provinces, relieving distress among Suzhou merchants; because Wenzhou and Chuzhou prefectures were poor and barren with little stored grain, he recruited merchants to transport Jiangsu rice by sea route to supplement the people's food supply. Jiangsu Governor Chen Dashou memorialized that Chang An had lightly opened the maritime prohibition; Chang An memorialized in rebuttal. He said: "Jiangsu and Wen-Chu may differ from each other, yet both regions are the emperor's own children; Dashou should not draw boundaries too sharply." The emperor instructed: "You are at odds over this, yet all for the people's sake, out of necessity. In future years of plenty it may not be needed; if grain is urgently required, regard this route." Chang An inspected the coastal regions around Ningbo, crossed the sea to Zhenhai and then to Dinghai, memorialized on the condition of islands in the inner and outer seas, and held that the inner sea should recruit settlers for broad reclamation while the outer sea should be sealed off. The emperor praised him for braving wind and waves and diligently serving the throne. In Jiaxing and Huzhou prefectures wicked men enticed and abducted common people's children; Chang An supervised officials in arresting them and captured all the culprits. The emperor ordered sentencing according to the precedent for abducting living persons for mutilation, with heavier penalties, and rebuked Chang An for leniency. Shortly after he memorialized: "Prefectural and county officials who are close to the people must thoroughly know every matter in their jurisdiction, whether complex or simple, near or far, before they can have real policies that reach the people. They should be ordered on days of fasting and suspension of executions, in their spare time, to visit villages in person, passing through them in turn. They should summon village elders and inquire about hardships, so that local advantages and harms are clear in their minds and household registers are thereby fully known. If disaster relief is needed, supervision will be easier to accomplish." The emperor deeply approved of this. Where the Qiantang River enters the sea, near Xiaoshan is the southern great estuary channel, near Haining the northern great estuary channel, and south of Shushan there is separately a middle and small estuary channel. Formerly the confluence of river and sea, it gradually silted up and the water turned toward the southern great channel, pressing upon Haining. In the ninth year Minister Neqin came to inspect and proposed restoring the old course of the middle and small estuary channels. Chang An ordered four channels cut at the sand spit to draw in the tide and scour away sand; over several years the sand gradually departed. In the eleventh year he memorialized: "The spring and summer flood tides have passed; the southern sand bank has collapsed and washed away almost entirely, and Shushan is already in the water. If the autumn tide does not again bring surging sand, the main current will entirely run through the middle and small channels." The emperor instructed: "How can such words be lightly spoken? We must wait three or five years to see how things turn out. If the current can fully run through the middle and small channels, that would truly be cause for rejoicing."

十二年，閩浙總督喀爾吉善劾常安多得屬吏金，婪索及於鹽政承差、海關胥吏，縱僕取市肆珍貴物不予值，凡十數事。上命解任，以顧琮代之，令大學士高斌會顧琮按治。常安亦疏劾布政使唐綏祖徇私狂悖，上為下高斌等並按。高斌等按常安婪贓納賄狀皆不實，惟縱僕得賕；常安劾綏祖事盡虛，疏請奪常安官。上命大學士訥親覆按，未至，高斌等又言常安歲易鹽政承差，有婪索狀；訥親至，又言常安嘗以公使錢自私，按律擬絞，下刑部，卒於獄。

In the twelfth year Zhe-Fujian Governor-General Ka'erjishan impeached Chang An for receiving much silver from subordinates, extorting even salt administration agents and customs clerks, and allowing servants to take precious goods from shops without payment—in more than a dozen matters. The emperor ordered him relieved of office, replaced by Gu Cong, and ordered Grand Secretary Gaobin to join Gu Cong in investigating. Chang An also memorialized impeaching provincial administration commissioner Tang Suizu for favoritism and insolence; the emperor sent this down to Gaobin and the others for joint investigation. Gaobin and the others investigated and found the charges of Chang An's greed for bribes and acceptance of gifts all unsubstantiated, save that his servants had taken bribes; Chang An's impeachment of Suizu was entirely false; they memorialized requesting Chang An be stripped of office. The emperor ordered Grand Secretary Neqin to reinvestigate; before he arrived, Gaobin and the others again reported that Chang An changed salt administration agents yearly and there were signs of extortion; when Neqin arrived he again reported that Chang An had once used public funds for private ends; according to law strangulation was proposed; he was sent to the Ministry of Punishments and died in prison.

常安少受業於尚書韓菼，工文辭，有所論著，多譏切時事。其坐譴多舉細故，遽從重比。時論疑其中蜚語以死，非其罪也。

Chang An in youth studied under Minister Han Tan, was skilled in literary composition, and in his writings often satirized current affairs. His punishments mostly cited petty matters yet were suddenly matched to heavy penalties. Contemporary opinion suspected that slander within brought about his death and that it was not his true crime.

福崧，烏雅氏，滿洲正黃旗人，湖廣總督碩色孫也。乾隆中，授內閣中書，遷侍讀。外授四川川北道，遷甘肅按察使。再遷福建布政使，未行，蘇四十三亂作，從總督勒爾謹討賊，即移甘肅。事定，賜花翎。勒爾謹坐冒賑得罪，命福崧從總督李侍堯察通省倉庫，虧銀八十八萬、糧七十四萬有奇，立例清償，無力者以責上官。福崧亦應分償，上特免之。

Fu Song, of the Uya clan, was a Manchu of the Plain Yellow Banner and a grandson of Huguang Governor-General Shuose. During the Qianlong reign he was appointed a Grand Secretariat drafter and promoted to reader. He was sent out as intendant of the Chuanbei circuit in Sichuan and transferred to provincial surveillance commissioner of Gansu. He was again transferred to provincial administration commissioner of Fujian; before departing, Su Forty-three's rebellion broke out; he followed Governor-General Le'erjin to suppress the rebels and was immediately transferred to Gansu. When the affair was settled he was granted the peacock feather. Le'erjin was punished for false disaster relief; Fu Song was ordered to follow Governor-General Li Shiyao in inspecting granaries and treasuries throughout the province, finding deficits of 880,000 taels of silver and more than 740,000 piculs of grain; precedents were established for repayment, and those unable to pay were charged to their superiors. Fu Song was also liable to share repayment; the emperor specially exempted him.

四十七年，遷浙江巡撫。上以王亶望、陳輝祖相繼撫浙江，皆貪吏，復命察通省倉庫，虧銀一百三十萬有奇，立例清償如甘肅。桐鄉縣徵漕不如律，民聚閧，福崧令捕治，因疏陳嚴除漕弊，條四事，下部議行。四十九年，上南巡，兩浙鹽商輸銀六十萬，以海寧范公塘改柴為石，福崧為請，上允之。五十一年，福崧以諸屬吏清償倉庫虧銀未能如期，疏請展限；並言於正歲集司道以下等官設誓，共砥廉隅。上以期已三四年，乃復請展限，非是，且設誓亦非政體，命尚書曹文埴，侍郎姜晟、伊齡阿如浙江按治。會福崧請籌柴塘修費，上疑新建石塘無益，勞民傷財，令文埴等並按，召福崧還京師待命。文埴等疏陳浙江倉庫實虧數，為定善後章程；別疏言柴塘坦水為石塘保障，宜有歲修。上允其請，察福崧無敗檢事，失但在柔懦，命署山西巡撫。

In the forty-seventh year he was transferred to governor of Zhejiang. Because Wang Tanwang and Chen Huizu had successively governed Zhejiang as corrupt officials, he was again ordered to inspect granaries and treasuries throughout the province, finding deficits of more than 1,300,000 taels of silver; precedents for repayment were established as in Gansu. In Tongxiang County grain transport collection did not follow regulations and the people gathered in riot; Fu Song ordered arrests and memorialized on strictly eliminating abuses in transport collection, listing four items, which were sent to the ministries for deliberation and implementation. In the forty-ninth year, on the emperor's southern tour, the salt merchants of the two Zhe provinces contributed 600,000 taels of silver to convert the Fan Gong embankment at Haining from wattled to stone construction; Fu Song requested this and the emperor approved. In the fifty-first year, because subordinate officials could not repay treasury deficits on schedule, Fu Song memorialized requesting an extension; he also proposed that at the New Year circuit intendants and officials below should assemble to swear oaths jointly to sharpen their integrity. The emperor held that the deadline had already been three or four years and to request extension again was wrong; moreover oath-taking was not proper governance; he ordered Ministers Cao Wenchi, Vice Ministers Jiang Sheng, and Yiling'a to go to Zhejiang to investigate. It happened that Fu Song requested funds for repairing wattled seawalls; the emperor suspected the newly built stone seawalls were useless, laboring the people and wasting resources; he ordered Wenchi and the others to investigate jointly and summoned Fu Song back to the capital to await orders. Wenchi and the others memorialized the actual deficit figures in Zhejiang's granaries and treasuries and established follow-up regulations; a separate memorial said that the wattled seawalls and sloping aprons were safeguards for the stone seawalls and should receive annual repairs. The emperor approved the request, found Fu Song had no scandalous conduct, his fault lying only in weakness, and ordered him to serve as acting governor of Shanxi.

旋以浙江學政竇光鼐劾平陽知縣黃梅貪黷，論如律，責福崧未能發，左授二等侍衛，充和闐幫辦大臣。五十二年，移阿克蘇辦事大臣。五十四年，再移葉爾羌參贊大臣。五十五年，授江蘇巡撫，署兩江總督。還授浙江巡撫。五十七年，疏請補修海塘石工，與前巡撫琅玕改築柴壩異議，上命江蘇巡撫長麟往按，請如福崧議。浙江鹽道柴槙遷兩淮鹽運使，虧帑，私移兩淮鹽課二十二萬補之。兩淮鹽政全德疏劾，上以福崧領兩浙鹽政，慮有染，奪官，以長麟代之。命尚書慶桂會鞫，謂福崧嘗索槙賕十一萬，又侵公使錢六萬有奇。獄具，論斬，逮致京師，尋命即途中行法。福崧飲酖卒。

Shortly after, Zhejiang educational commissioner Dou Guangnai impeached Huang Mei, magistrate of Pingyang, for greed and corruption; he was sentenced according to law; Fu Song was rebuked for failing to expose it and was demoted to second-rank guard and appointed assistant commissioner for Khotan affairs. In the fifty-second year he was transferred to commissioner for Aksu affairs. In the fifty-fourth year he was again transferred to participating commissioner at Yarkand. In the fifty-fifth year he was appointed governor of Jiangsu and served as acting governor-general of Liangjiang. He was again appointed governor of Zhejiang. In the fifty-seventh year he memorialized requesting repairs to the stone seawall works, differing from former governor Langgan's proposal to rebuild wattled dams; the emperor ordered Jiangsu Governor Chang Lin to investigate and approved Fu Song's proposal. Zhejiang salt intendant Chai Zhen was transferred to Liang-Huai salt transport commissioner; he had a treasury deficit and privately diverted 220,000 taels of Liang-Huai salt revenue to cover it. Liang-Huai salt commissioner Quande memorialized for impeachment; because Fu Song oversaw the salt administration of the two Zhe provinces, the emperor feared he was implicated, stripped him of office, and replaced him with Chang Lin. Minister Qinggui was ordered to join in the interrogation; it was held that Fu Song had once extorted 110,000 taels in bribes from Zhen and had also embezzled more than 60,000 taels of public funds. When the case was concluded execution was proposed; he was arrested and sent to the capital, then ordered to be executed en route. Fu Song drank poison and died.

福崧為巡撫，治事明決，禦屬吏有法度，民頌其治行。其得罪死，頗謂其忤和珅，為所陷。尤慮至京師廷鞫，或發其陰私，故以蜚語激上怒，迫之死雲。

As governor, Fu Song managed affairs with clarity and decisiveness, controlled subordinates with discipline, and the people praised his governance. His conviction and death were widely said to stem from offending Heshen and being framed by him. It was especially feared that if brought to the capital for court trial he might expose Heshen's private wrongdoing; therefore slander was used to inflame the emperor's anger and force him to death.

論曰：居喪不沐浴，百日薙發，亦其遺意也。塞楞額坐是中危法，學健雖以他事誅，然得罪仍在初獄。鄂昌以門戶生恩怨，家屏以搢紳言利病，皆足以掇禍。羅織文字，其借焉者也。因培起邊遠，受峻擢，屢躓屢起，乃以欺罔傅重比。常安、福崧死於賕，然封疆有政聲。論者以為冤，事或然歟？

The commentator says: Not bathing during mourning and shaving the head after the hundred-day period were also vestiges of that intent. Sai Leng'e was condemned on this account to the death penalty; Xuejian was executed on other charges, yet his offense still lay in the original case. E Chang through factional patronage incurred enmity; Jiaping through gentry talk of public harms and benefits—both were enough to draw disaster. Fabricated charges from written words were the pretexts employed. Yinpei rose from a remote region, received steep promotion, stumbled and rose again repeatedly, yet was finally matched to heavy penalties for deception. Chang An and Fu Song died over bribes, yet as frontier officials they had reputations for good governance. Commentators held them wronged—perhaps that was so?

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