1
僧格林沁，博爾濟吉特氏，蒙古科爾沁旗人。 本生父畢啟，四等台吉，追封貝勒。 族父索特納木多布齋，尚仁宗女。 公主無出，宣宗為選於族眾，見僧林格沁儀表非常，立為嗣。 道光五年，襲封科爾沁札薩克多羅郡王爵。 十四年，授御前大臣，補正白旗領侍衛內大臣、正藍旗蒙古都統，總理行營，調鑲白旗滿洲都統。 出入禁闈，最被恩眷。
Sengge Rinchen belonged to the Borjigit clan and came from the Khorchin Banner in Mongolia. His birth father Biqi held the fourth-rank taiji title and was posthumously made a beile. His clansman father Sottenamdobzha was married to a daughter of the Renzong Emperor. When the princess proved childless, the Xuanzong Emperor chose an heir from the clan, was struck by Senggelinchin's remarkable presence, and adopted him as successor. In Daoguang 5 he succeeded to the Khorchin zhasak princely rank of duoluo junwang. In year 14 he became an imperial attendant minister, took up the Plain White Banner commanding bodyguard post and Plain Blue Mongol command, oversaw the traveling camp, and was reassigned as Plain Bordered White Manchu commander-in-chief. He had free access to the inner palace and stood highest in the emperor's favor.
2
咸豐三年，粵匪林鳳祥、李開芳等北犯，命僧格林沁偕左都御史花沙納等專辦京師團防。 八月，欽差大臣訥爾經額師潰臨洺關，賊竄正定。 詔授惠親王綿愉為奉命大將軍，僧格林沁為參贊大臣，上御乾清宮親頒關防，賜納庫素光刀，命率京兵駐防涿州。 十月，賊陷靜海，窺天津。 兵進永清，又進王家口。 賊不得前，乃踞獨流鎮。 四年正月，僧格林沁會欽差大臣勝保軍乘夜越壕燔其壘，賊西南逸，追擊之子牙鎮南，擒斬甚眾，賜號湍多巴圖魯。 复連敗賊於河間束城村、獻縣單家橋、交河富莊驛。 賊竄踞阜城縣城，附城村堡皆為賊屯。 僧格林沁偕勝保率副都統達洪阿、侍郎瑞麟、將軍善祿等諸軍圍擊，毀堆村、連村、杜場諸賊屯，砲殪悍酋吉文元，賊猶頑抗，攻之累月不下。 粵匪復自江北豐縣渡河擾山東，浸近直隸境，欲以牽掣大軍，勝保及善祿先後分兵迎剿，迭詔責僧格林沁速攻阜城，於是穴地為重壕長圍困之。 四月，賊乘風突圍出，竄東光連鎮。 連鎮跨運河，分東西兩鎮，村落相錯，賊悉踞之。 僧格林沁自率西凌阿屯河東，令托明阿屯河西，別遣馬隊扼桑園。 會勝保已破賊山東，回軍合攻連鎮。 五月，賊酋李開芳以馬隊二千餘由連鎮東突出趨山東，勝保率騎兵追之，遂竄踞高唐州。 詔斥僧格林沁疏防，責速攻連鎮自贖。 會霖雨河漲，賊聚高阜，官軍屯窪地，勢甚棘。 於是議開壕築堤，以水灌賊營。 堤成，蓄水勢如建瓴，賊大困，屢出撲，皆擊退。 九月，東西鎮各出賊數千，欲突圍而竄，為官軍所扼，糧盡勢蹙。 附近村莊皆收復，合力急攻，凡數十戰。 十二月，斃偽檢點黃某。 悍黨詹啟綸出降，焚西連鎮賊巢，僅餘死黨二千餘人，以大砲環擊。 五年正月，破東連鎮木城，賊冒死衝突，盡殲之，擒林鳳祥，檻送京師誅之。 畿輔肅清，錫封僧格林沁為博多勒噶台親王，擢其子二等侍衛伯彥訥謨祜御前行走，敕移師赴高唐州督辦軍務。
In Xianfeng 3, when Cantonese rebels led by Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang marched north, Sengge Rinchen was put in charge of Beijing's militia defenses alongside the left censor Huashana. In the eighth month Commissioner Nuerjing'e's force broke at Linming Pass, and the rebels slipped into Zhengding. The court named Prince Hui Mianyu commander-in-chief and Sengge Rinchen his deputy; the emperor personally issued the seal at the Hall of Mental Cultivation, gave him a gleaming nakutsu saber, and sent capital troops under him to hold Zhuozhou. In the tenth month they seized Jinghai and turned toward Tianjin. Government forces pushed into Yongqing and then Wangjiakou. Blocked from advancing, the rebels dug in at Duliuzhen. In the first month of year 4, Sengge Rinchen and Commissioner Sheng Bao stormed the rebel works at night, burned their camps, and drove them southwest; a pursuit south of Yazi Town killed or captured a great many, and he received the honorific title Tuanduo Batulu. He followed with successive defeats of the rebels at Shucheng in Hejian, Danjiaqiao in Xian, and Fuzhuang Post in Jiaohe. The rebels then seized Fucheng and turned every nearby village and fort into a rebel stronghold. Sengge Rinchen and Sheng Bao besieged the city with Da Hong'a, Ruilin, Shanlu, and other commanders, wiped out camps at Duicun, Liancun, and Duchang, and shelled the fierce leader Ji Wenyuan to death, but the rebels held on and the siege dragged on for months without success. Cantonese rebels crossed from Feng County in Jiangbei into Shandong and edged toward Zhili to pin down the main force; Sheng Bao and Shanlu detached troops to intercept them while repeated orders pressed Sengge Rinchen to take Fucheng quickly, so he tunneled under the walls and threw up deep trenches for a prolonged siege. In the fourth month the rebels broke out under cover of wind and fled to Liangzhen in Dongguang. Liangzhen lay astride the Grand Canal in eastern and western halves, with villages woven between them, and the rebels held every inch of it. Sengge Rinchen took Xiling'a east of the canal himself, posted Tuoming'a on the west bank, and sent cavalry to block Sangyuan. By then Sheng Bao had beaten the rebels in Shandong and brought his force back to join the attack on Liangzhen. In the fifth month rebel chief Li Kaifang broke east from Liangzhen with over two thousand horsemen toward Shandong; Sheng Bao's cavalry chased them until they seized Gaotang. The court rebuked Sengge Rinchen for letting his guard slip and told him to take Liangzhen at once to make amends. Heavy rains swelled the river, the rebels held the high ground, government troops were stuck in the low ground, and the position grew desperate. They then decided to cut canals, raise dikes, and flood the rebel camp. Once the dike was finished the impounded water crashed down on them; the rebels were trapped and desperate, and every sortie was driven back. In the ninth month thousands of rebels from each half of the town tried to break out, but government forces blocked them; with food gone, they were cornered. Nearby villages were retaken, and a combined assault over dozens of engagements followed. In the twelfth month the rebel inspector surnamed Huang was killed. Die-hard Zhan Qilun surrendered, the western rebel nest was burned, and only about two thousand holdouts remained under ring bombardment. In the first month of year 5 the eastern wooden fort fell; rebels charged to the death and were wiped out; Lin Fengxiang was taken in chains to Beijing and executed. With the capital region cleared, Sengge Rinchen was made Prince Boduolige, his son Boyannemuhu was brought into imperial attendance as a second-rank guard, and he was ordered to Gaotang to direct operations.
3
先是，勝保圍攻高唐久不下，密詔僧格林沁查辦，至即劾罷之。 賊聞連鎮既下，喪膽欲遁。 大軍數日即至，故疏其防。 賊果乘隙夜走，親率五百騎追奔五十里，至茌平馮官屯，賊踞以守。 合軍圍攻，四面砲擊，賊掘地為壕，盤旋三匝，穴堀潛藏，穿孔伺擊，攻者傷亡甚多。 复議用水攻，挑河築壩，引徒駭河水灌之。 賊屢衝突，皆擊退。 四月，水入賊窖，紛紛出降。 擒李開芳及其死黨黃懿端等八名，械送京師誅之。 北路蕩平，文宗大悅，加恩世襲親王罔替。 五月，凱撤回京，上御養心殿，行抱見禮，賜朝珠及四團龍補褂。 又禦乾清宮，恭繳參贊大臣關防，賜宴勤政殿，從征將士、文武大臣並預焉。 林鳳祥、李開芳為粵匪悍黨，狡狠善戰，兩年之中，大小數百戰，全數殄滅，無一漏網，僧格林沁威名震於海內。
Sheng Bao had failed for months to take Gaotang; the court secretly sent Sengge Rinchen to investigate, and on arrival he impeached and removed him at once. When they heard Liangzhen had fallen, the rebels lost nerve and prepared to run. Expecting the main army in only a few days, they let their guard down. The rebels slipped away by night as expected; he led five hundred cavalry fifty li to Fengguantun in Chiping, where they dug in. United forces besieged them under fire from all sides; the rebels dug triple-ring trenches, hid in tunnels, and sniped through boreholes, inflicting heavy losses on the attackers. They again turned to flooding, cut canals, built dams, and diverted the Tuohai to drown the position. Repeated rebel charges were driven back each time. In the fourth month floodwater filled their dugouts and they surrendered in droves. Li Kaifang and eight die-hards including Huang Yiduan were taken in chains to Beijing and executed. With the northern front cleared, the Wenzong Emperor was delighted and granted perpetual hereditary princely rank. In the fifth month he returned in triumph; the emperor received him at the Hall of Mental Cultivation with the embrace audience and gave him court beads and a four-dragon rank patch. At the Palace of Heavenly Purity he returned the deputy commissioner's seal; a feast at the Hall of Diligent Government included every officer who had marched and the leading civil and military ministers. Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang were the fiercest Cantonese rebel commanders—cunning, ruthless, and formidable in battle; in two years and hundreds of fights they were wiped out to the last man, and Sengge Rinchen's fame resounded across the empire.
4
時英吉利在粵東開釁，乘東南軍事方棘，多所要挾，每思北犯。 故近畿肅清後，命西凌阿分得勝之師赴援湖北，而僧格林沁遂留京師。 六年，丁本生母憂，予假百日，在京持服。 尋調正黃旗領侍衛內大臣。 七年四月，英吉利兵船至天津海口，命僧格林沁為欽差大臣，督辦軍務，駐通州，托明阿屯楊村，督前路。 倉猝徵調，兵難驟集，敵兵已佔海口砲台，闖入內河。 議掘南北運河洩水以阻陸路，別遣議和大臣桂良、花沙納赴天津與議條約。 五月，議粗定，英兵退。 未盡事宜，桂良等赴上海詳議。 於是籌議海防，命僧格林沁赴天津，勘築雙港、大沽砲台，增設水師。 以瑞麟為直隸總督，襄理其事。 奏請提督每年二月至十月駐大沽，自天津至山海關海口，北塘、蘆臺、澗河口、蒲河口、秦皇島、石河口各砲台，一律興修。 九年，桂良等在上海議不得要領。 五月，英、法兵船犯天津，毀海口防具，駛至雞心灘，轟擊砲台，提督史榮椿中砲死。 別以步隊登岸，僧格林沁督軍力戰，大挫之，毀敵船入內河者十三艘。 持數日，敵船引去。
Britain had opened hostilities in eastern Guangdong and, while southeastern forces were stretched thin, pressed one demand after another and kept looking for a northern advance. After the capital region was cleared, Xiling'a was sent with part of the victorious army to Hubei while Sengge Rinchen stayed in Beijing. In year 6 he went into mourning for his birth mother, was granted a hundred days' leave, and kept vigil in Beijing. He was soon reassigned as Plain Yellow Banner commanding bodyguard minister. In the fourth month of year 7 British warships reached Tianjin Bay; Sengge Rinchen was made imperial commissioner, posted at Tongzhou with Tuoming'a at Yangcun to hold the forward line. Mobilization was rushed and troops could not be assembled in time; the enemy had already taken the coastal batteries and pushed into the inner waterways. They proposed draining the north-south canal to block the land approach and sent peace commissioners Guiliang and Huashana to Tianjin to negotiate terms. In the fifth month a rough agreement was reached and British forces withdrew. Outstanding issues were left to Guiliang and the others to work out in Shanghai. Coastal defenses were then planned; Sengge Rinchen went to Tianjin to build batteries at Shuanggang and Dagu and expand the navy. Ruilin was appointed Zhili governor-general to assist. He asked that the provincial commander stay at Dagu from February through October each year and that every battery from Tianjin to Shanhaiguan—Beitang, Lutai, Jianhekou, Puhekou, Qinhuangdao, and Shihekou—be built or rebuilt. In year 9 talks in Shanghai led by Guiliang stalled without agreement. In the fifth month British and French warships struck Tianjin, smashed the coastal defenses, reached Jixin Shoal, shelled the forts, and Provincial Commander Shi Rongchun was killed by cannon fire. Enemy infantry also landed; Sengge Rinchen led a hard fight that broke them badly and destroyed thirteen ships that had entered the inner river. After several days the enemy fleet sailed away.
5
九年六月，英、法、俄、美四國兵百餘艘復來犯，知大沽防禦嚴固，別於北塘登岸，我軍失利。 敵以馬步萬人分撲新河、軍糧城，進陷唐兒沽，僧格林沁力扼大沽兩岸。 文宗手諭曰：「天下根本在京師，當迅守津郡，萬不可寄身命於砲台。 若不念大局，只了一身之計，有負朕心。」 蓋知其忠憤，慮以身殉也。 尋於右岸迎戰失利，砲台被陷，提督樂善死之。 僧格林沁退守通州，奪三眼花翎，褫領侍衛內大臣及都統。 迭命大臣議和，不就。 敵兵日進，迎擊，獲英人巴夏禮送京師。 戰於通州八里橋，敗績。 瑞麟又敗於安定門外，聯軍遂入京。 文宗先幸熱河，圓明園被毀，詔褫僧格林沁爵、職，仍留欽差大臣。
In the sixth month of year 9 over a hundred British, French, Russian, and American warships returned; finding Dagu too strong, they landed at Beitang instead and routed Qing forces. Ten thousand enemy horse and foot split against Xinhe and Junliangcheng, took Tang'ergu, and Sengge Rinchen fought to hold both banks at Dagu. The Wenzong Emperor wrote by hand: "The empire's foundation is the capital; defend the Tianjin region quickly and do not stake your life on the forts. If you ignore the larger situation and think only of yourself, you will betray my trust." The emperor knew how fiercely loyal he was and feared he would die at his post. Soon he was beaten on the right bank, the forts fell, and Provincial Commander Le Shan was killed. Sengge Rinchen fell back to Tongzhou, lost his three-eyed peacock feather, and was stripped of his bodyguard and command posts. The court repeatedly sent ministers to negotiate peace, without success. As the enemy pressed forward daily, Parkes was captured in action and sent to Beijing. At Baliqiao near Tongzhou the army was defeated. Ruilin was beaten again outside Anding Gate, and the allied armies entered Beijing. The Wenzong Emperor fled first to Rehe; the Old Summer Palace was burned; Sengge Rinchen lost rank and office by edict but kept his commission.
6
十年九月，和議成，命遣撤殘軍，馳赴行在，未行，會畿南土匪蜂起，山東捻匪猖肆，复僧格林沁郡王爵，命偕瑞麟往剿。 師至河間，匪多解散。 詔促赴濟寧、兗州督師。 十一月，至濟寧，賊已他竄回巢。 疏陳軍事，略曰：「捻首張洛行、龔瞎子、孫葵心等，各聚匪黨無數。 此外大小頭目，人數不少。 每年數次出巢打糧，輒向無兵處所。 迨官兵往剿，業經飽掠而歸。 所至搶擄貲財糧米，村舍燒為赤地，殺害老弱，裹脅少壯。 不從逆，亦無家可歸。 故出巢一次，即增添人數無算。 此捻匪眾多之情形也。 匪巢四面一二百里外，村莊焚燒無存，井亦填塞。 官兵裹糧帶水，何能與之久持？ 一經撤退，匪緊躡，往往因之失利。 此各路官兵僅能堵禦，不能進攻之情形也。 每次出巢，馬步數十萬，列隊百餘裡。 兵賊眾寡懸殊，任其猖獗，無可如何。 前此粵、捻各樹旗幟，近年彼此相通，聯爲一氣。 官兵在北，粵匪在南，捻匪居中，以為粵匪屏蔽。 若厚集兵力，分投進剿，捻匪一經受創，粵匪蠢動，非竭力相助，即另圖北犯，以分我兵勢。 此剿捻不易之情形也。 臣原帶馬步六千，續調陝甘、山東綠營及青州旗兵，共一萬二千餘人。 擬俟齊集，會合傅振邦、德楞額二軍，相機直搗老巢。」 疏入，詔：「捻匪正圖北犯，應坐鎮山東，以杜窺伺，毋輕舉以誤全局。」 尋捻匪由徐州北竄，迎擊於鉅野羊山，親率西凌阿、國瑞當其東，瑞麟及副都統格繃額當其西，殺賊甚眾，而格繃額陣亡。 瑞麟傷退，劾罷之，薦西凌阿、國瑞幫辦軍務。 又劾團練大臣杜不能禦賊，供應擾民，罷其任，團練歸巡撫督辦。 鄒縣教匪宋紹明集眾數千戕官，令國瑞、西凌阿擊剿解散。
In the ninth month of year 10 peace was made; he was told to pull back his remaining troops and join the court at Rehe, but before he could leave bandits flared in southern Zhili and Nian rebels swept Shandong; his princely rank was restored and he was sent with Ruilin to suppress them. When his force reached Hejian most of the bandits melted away. An edict pressed him to take command at Jining and Yanzhou. In the eleventh month he reached Jining, but the rebels had already raided elsewhere and returned to their lairs. In a military memorial he wrote in part: "Nian leaders Zhang Luoxing, Gong the Blind, Sun Kuixin, and others each command vast bands. Beyond them are many lesser chiefs as well. Several times a year they raid out for grain, always where no troops are posted. By the time troops arrive, they have already looted their fill and gone home. Wherever they go they seize goods and grain, burn villages bare, kill the old and weak, and drag off the young and strong. Even those who refuse to rebel have no home left to return to. Each raid thus swells their ranks beyond counting. That is how the Nian bands keep growing. For a hundred or two hundred li around their lairs, villages lie burned to nothing and wells are filled in. Government troops must carry their own food and water—how can they sustain a long campaign? Once troops pull back, the bandits press hard in pursuit and defeats often follow. That is why government forces everywhere can only hold defensive lines and cannot take the offensive. Each sortie fields hundreds of thousands of horse and foot in columns stretching more than a hundred li. With government forces vastly outnumbered, the rebels run rampant and little can be done. Cantonese and Nian rebels once fought under separate banners, but in recent years they have linked up and act as one. Government troops hold the north, Cantonese rebels the south, and the Nian sit between as a shield for the Cantonese. If we mass troops for a multi-front campaign, any blow to the Nian will stir the Cantonese rebels to help them in force or launch another northern thrust to split our armies. That is why suppressing the Nian is so difficult. I originally had six thousand horse and foot; Shaanxi-Gansu and Shandong Green Standard troops and Qingzhou bannermen were added later, bringing the total to more than twelve thousand. Once all are assembled I intend to join Fu Zhenbang and Deleng'e and strike their main lairs when conditions allow." When the memorial arrived, the court replied: "The Nian are plotting a northern push; hold Shandong to block them and do not act rashly and upset the larger strategy." Soon the Nian broke north from Xuzhou; he met them at Yangshan in Juye, led Xiling'a and Guorui on the east and Ruilin and Vice Commander Gebeng'e on the west, killed many rebels, and lost Gebeng'e in the fighting. Ruilin withdrew with wounds, was impeached and removed, and Xiling'a and Guorui were recommended to assist him. He also impeached militia commissioner Du for failing to stop the rebels and for supply abuses that harassed civilians; Du was dismissed and militia affairs reverted to the governor's office. In Zou County the sect rebel Song Shaoming rallied thousands and killed officials; Guorui and Xiling'a were sent to break up his band.
7
十一年，捻匪五旗並出，僧格林沁率諸將由金鄉迎剿。 遇賊於菏澤李家莊，戰失利，察哈爾總管伊什旺布陣亡，回師駐唐家口。 二月，令西凌阿馳赴汶上，會都統伊興額、總兵滕家勝追賊至楊柳集，戰歿。 僧格林沁親駐汶上，令西凌阿回守濟寧。 賊由沙溝渡運河，盤踞東平、汶上。 德楞額追擊於小汶河北岸，破之，賊始東竄。 四月，令舒通額進剿，解滕縣圍。 德楞額克沙溝營、臨城驛，賊分兩路奔竄。 其入曹州境者，勾結長槍會匪擾鄆城、鉅野，令知府趙康侯集諸縣鄉團御之。 教匪宋繼明復糾眾踞鄒縣鳳凰山，令國瑞、德楞額攻之，連破賊圩，繼明尋遁走乞撫。 六月，親赴曹州進剿會匪，連破之於曹縣安陵集、濮州田潭，擒其渠李燦祥、陳懷五等。 八月，捻匪渡運河，犯泰安、濟南。 僧格林沁親率大軍追躡，敗之於孫家鎮，賊走青州。 九月，襲擊於臨朐縣南，沿諸城至沂水，黑旗捻黨跨河抗拒，分兵擊之，追及蘭山蘭溪鎮殲焉。 捷聞，复御前大臣，賞還黃韁，授正紅旗漢軍都統，管理奉宸苑。 穆宗即位，特詔嘉其勤勞，复博多勒噶台親王爵。
In year 11 all five Nian banners marched out together; Sengge Rinchen led his generals from Jinxiang to intercept them. At Lijiazhuang in Heze they met the rebels and were beaten; Chahar commander Yishiwangbu was killed; the force fell back to Tangjiakou. In the second month Xiling'a was rushed to Wenshang; with Yixing'e and Brigadier Teng Jiasheng he chased the rebels to Yangliuji and was killed there. Sengge Rinchen took post at Wenshang himself and sent Xiling'a back to hold Jining. The rebels crossed the canal at Shagou and occupied Dongping and Wenshang. Deleng'e caught them on the north bank of the Xiao Wen, broke them, and drove them east. In the fourth month Shutonge was sent forward to relieve the siege of Teng County. Deleng'e took Shagou camp and Lincheng Post, and the rebels split and fled in two directions. Those who entered Caozhou linked up with Long Spear Society bands to raid Yuncheng and Juye; Prefect Zhao Kanghou was told to rally county militia against them. Sect rebel Song Jiming rallied again on Fenghuang Mountain in Zou County; Guorui and Deleng'e stormed his stockades one after another until Jiming fled and sued for peace. In the sixth month he went to Caozhou in person against Society bandits, beat them at Anlingji and Tiantan, and captured leaders Li Canxiang and Chen Huaiwu. In the eighth month Nian rebels crossed the canal and struck Tai'an and Jinan. Sengge Rinchen led the main force in pursuit, routed them at Sunjiazhen, and drove them toward Qingzhou. In the ninth month he struck south of Linqu, swept through Zhucheng to Yishui, split his force when Black Banner Nian held the river line, and annihilated them at Lanxi in Lanshan. Victory reports brought restoration as imperial attendant minister, return of the yellow saddle, appointment as Plain Red Han commander-in-chief, and charge of the Imperial Parks. When the Muzong Emperor took the throne, a special edict praised his service and restored his Prince Boduolige title.
8
是年冬，會東軍攻曹郡會匪，破濮州紅川口賊圩，搜斬無遺。 毀劉家橋、郭家唐房賊巢，又破定陶賊於大張寺，复範縣。 西凌阿等攻捻匪於鉅野境，大捷，定陶踞匪聞風遁走。 會匪郭秉鈞自河西來犯，連擊之於崔家壩，至黃河南岸，屢挫賊鋒，曹郡漸清。 疏陳軍事，略曰：「捻匪老巢多在宿州、蒙城、亳州境內，其北來，每由歸德之虞、永、夏，徐州之豐、沛、蕭、碭，直入山東之曹、單、魚台，或由宿、徐北至韓莊、八閘。 今領重兵進駐亳州，偏於西南一隅。 北至徐州三百餘裡，再東更慮鞭長莫及。 如派隊輪轉，由西路進攻賊圩，即使得手，距亳州尚遠，東路捻眾豈能坐待，勢必由豐、碭、韓莊鈔襲我軍之後，我軍不得不回顧北路。 一經移動，則亳東之賊尾隨，受其牽掣。 故屯兵亳州之議，在豫省為良策，若欲衛東省兼顧北路籓籬，則未可行也。 臣擬俟曹屬肅清，移營單縣，觀皖捻動靜，剿撫兼施。 鄒縣教匪踞險難攻，暫準投誠，以示羈縻，留兵鎮壓。 待南捻稍鬆，相機辦理。 滕、嶧之匪，德楞額招安劉雙印、牛際堂等，若有反側，仍應往剿。 河北教、捻各匪，本年兩次鴟張，眾不過一二萬。 臣令西凌阿、國瑞兩次會剿，勝保等方能得手。 勝保於此匪尚不能獨力剿除，豈能當十餘萬之捻眾？ 壽張及曹屬一帶，臣已辦理就緒，毋須勝保前來會剿。」 疏上，詔從之。
That winter, with eastern forces he attacked Society bandits in Cao Prefecture, stormed Hongchuankou stockade in Puzhou, and killed every rebel they found. They destroyed nests at Liujiaqiao and Guojiatangfang, beat Dingtao rebels at Dazhang Temple, and retook Fan County. Xiling'a won a major victory against Nian rebels in Juye, and Dingtao holdouts fled at the news. Society bandit Guo Bingjun came from west of the river; repeated blows at Cuijiaba to the Yellow River's south bank broke rebel momentum and slowly cleared Cao Prefecture. In a military memorial he wrote: "Nian lairs lie chiefly in Suzhou, Mengcheng, and Bozhou; their northern routes usually run through Guide's Yucheng, Yongcheng, and Xiayi, Xuzhou's Feng, Pei, Xiao, and Dang, straight into Shandong's Cao, Shan, and Yutai, or north from Suzhou and Xuzhou to Hanzhuang and Bazha. Massing troops at Bozhou now leaves us pinned in the southwest corner. Xuzhou lies three hundred li north, and farther east we cannot reach in time. Rotating columns to hit stockades from the west, even if successful, still leaves us far from Bozhou; eastern Nian bands will not wait—they will strike our rear through Feng, Dang, and Hanzhuang and force us to turn north. Any move east of Bozhou will draw rebels on our heels and tie us down. Massing at Bozhou may suit Henan, but it cannot both guard Shandong and hold the northern frontier. I plan to wait until Cao Prefecture is cleared, move camp to Shan County, watch Anhui Nian movements, and combine force with inducement. Zou County sect rebels held rugged ground; surrender was temporarily accepted to keep them in check while troops remained to hold them down. When pressure from southern Nian eases, we will deal with them as conditions allow. Deleng'e had pacified Teng and Yi bandits led by Liu Shuangyin and Niu Jitang; if they rebel again, we must suppress them. Hebei sect and Nian bands flared twice this year with no more than twenty thousand men. Only after I sent Xiling'a and Guorui twice could Sheng Bao and the others succeed. Sheng Bao cannot even handle these bands alone—how could he face a hundred thousand Nian? I have already settled Shouzhang and Cao Prefecture; Sheng Bao need not come to join the campaign." The court approved the memorial.
9
同治元年正月捻匪二萬餘由江北豐縣犯金鄉、魚台，令翼長蘇克金擊走之。 二月，亳捻張洛行合長槍會匪西竄，勢甚張。 僧格林沁率馬隊追至河南杞縣許岡，賊列隊橫亙十餘裡。 蘇克金等奮擊，斃賊二千餘。 西路援賊至，豫軍亦來會剿，嬰城而守，連日鏖戰。 以馬隊伏壕邊伺賊懈，城中突出勁騎衝賊營，伏赴夾擊，毀賊壘七，斬馘千餘。 越日餘際昌率步隊至，與蘇克金合擊，衝賊為兩，追殺二千餘。 於是先破趙圩賊寨，合攻焦寨，援賊數至，皆擊卻，賊宵遁。 是役三路合剿，殲匪萬餘，捷聞，特詔褒獎。 僧格林沁督率諸將窮追竄匪，破之於尉氏東。 賊踞民寨堅守，圍攻之，旋虛東面誘之出，至樊家樓，盡殲焉。 五月，補正黃旗領侍衛內大臣。 長槍匪黨董智信竄東明，蘇克金馳剿，受降。 營總富和破坦頭集捻巢，招撫被脅數十圩寨。 恆齡破焦桂昌於曹州，乞降，誅之。
In the first month of Tongzhi 1 over twenty thousand Nian from Feng County in Jiangbei struck Jinxiang and Yutai; Wing Commander Su Kejin drove them off. In the second month Zhang Luoxing of Bozhou joined Long Spear Society bands in a powerful western push. Sengge Rinchen's cavalry chased them to Xugang in Qi County, Henan, where the rebels drew up a line more than ten li long. Su Kejin and others charged hard and killed more than two thousand rebels. Western reinforcements arrived and Henan troops joined the fight; the rebels held the walled town through days of bitter combat. Cavalry hid by the moat until the rebels slackened; elite horsemen burst from the town into rebel camps while ambushers struck from both sides, destroying seven forts and killing over a thousand. The next day Yu Jichang's infantry joined Su Kejin, split the rebel force, and killed more than two thousand in pursuit. They took Zhao Stockade first, then assaulted Jiao Stockade, beat back repeated relief columns, and the rebels fled by night. Three columns joined in that fight and wiped out more than ten thousand bandits; a special edict praised the victory. Sengge Rinchen led his generals in relentless pursuit and broke the fugitives east of Weishi. The rebels held a village stockade; after a siege the east side was left open to lure them out, and they were annihilated at Fanjialou. In the fifth month he was made Plain Yellow Banner commanding bodyguard minister. Long Spear partisan Dong Zhixin fled to Dongming; Su Kejin rushed there and accepted his surrender. Camp commander Fu He stormed the Nian nest at Tantouji and pacified dozens of coerced stockades. Heng Ling defeated Jiao Guichang at Caozhou; when he sued for peace, he was executed.
10
六月，進攻商丘金樓寨。 教匪郝姚氏及金鳴亭久踞金樓，其黨尤本立、常立身尤凶悍，官軍屢攻不克。 僧格林沁先遣諜用間，諭令投誠，金鳴亭潛允降而不出，其子線駒居郭家老寨，密捕之。 會有賊黨通教匪，以鳴亭禀詞示常立身，立身遂殺鳴亭，賊中自相疑忌。 至是合兵進攻，游擊許得等率降人為導，先攻入，大軍繼之，巷戰，斬郝姚氏及其兩子，常立身、尤本立、楊玉聰同授首，餘賊盡殲，夷其寨。 乘勢連破援賊於邢家圩、吳家廟、營廓集，前鋒直抵亳州境。 僧格林沁移駐夏邑，疏陳將帥市恩麾下，督撫見好屬員，保舉冗濫，吏治廢弛，州縣捏災私徵，軍餉不足，言甚切至。 詔嘉其公忠，命統轄山東、河南軍務，並直隸、山西四省督、撫、提、鎮統兵大員均歸節制。
In the sixth month he assaulted Jinlou Stockade in Shangqiu. Sect rebels of the Hao and Yao clans and Jin Mingting had held Jinlou for years; their lieutenants You Benli and Chang Lishen were especially fierce, and repeated government assaults had failed. Sengge Rinchen sent spies to sow discord and urge surrender; Jin Mingting secretly agreed but would not come out; his son Xianju at Guojia Old Stockade was seized in secret. A rebel agent showed Chang Lishen Mingting's surrender petition; Lishen killed Mingting, and suspicion spread through the rebel ranks. Combined forces then attacked; Xu De led surrendered guides inside first, the main army followed in street fighting, the Hao and Yao leaders and their sons were beheaded, Chang Lishen, You Benli, and Yang Yucong were executed, the rest were wiped out, and the stockade was razed. They pressed on to defeat relief forces at Xingjiawei, Wujiamiao, and Yingkuoji, and the vanguard reached Bozhou. Sengge Rinchen moved to Xiayi and memorialized bluntly that generals bought loyalty, governors favored pleasing subordinates, recommendations were inflated, administration had collapsed, counties invented disasters to levy taxes, and army funds were short. The court praised his loyalty and put him in charge of Shandong and Henan military affairs, with all senior commanders in Zhili and Shanxi under his authority.
11
八月，令恆齡、卓明阿等追捻匪姜台凌至裕州博望驛，大破之，餘眾遁入山。 別股李城、趙浩然等乘大軍分隊西行，糾眾擾永城，復由碭山北竄。 副都統色爾圖喜追至魚台羅家屯，戰不利。 僧格林沁促恆齡等回援，親督進戰於鉅野滿家洞，令馬隊誘賊深入，回擊之，恆齡、國瑞分合衝突，斃賊數千。 复連敗之於子山集，賊東南竄。 亳北白旗捻首李廷彥以邢大莊為老巢，附近賊圩互相首尾。 九月，僧格林沁自攻盧廟，令國瑞、恆齡攻邢大莊及張大莊。 廷彥見事急，詐稱投誠，誘出誅之，黨羽多乞降，惟孫老莊匪首孫彩蘭不肯出。 令降匪李匊奇為導，攻入寨，擒斬彩蘭，諸寨皆下。 亳東黑旗捻首宋喜沅，因與蘇天柏相仇殺，諸悍黨攻破王大莊、劉大莊兩寨來降。 諸小寨頭目聞風歸順，亳北肅清。 於是諸捻懾震兵威，多思反正。
In the eighth month Heng Ling and Zhuoming'a pursued Nian rebel Jiang Tailing to Bowang Post in Yuzhou, routed him, and drove the survivors into the hills. While the main army marched west in columns, a separate band under Li Cheng and Zhao Haoran raided Yongcheng and fled north through Dangshan. Vice Commander Se'ertuxi chased them to Luojiatun in Yutai and was beaten. Sengge Rinchen recalled Heng Ling, led the fight at Manjiadong in Juye, lured the rebels in with cavalry, then struck back; Heng Ling and Guorui charged from several sides and killed thousands. He beat them again at Zishanji and drove them southeast. North of Bozhou, White Banner chief Li Tingyan made Xingdazhuang his base while nearby stockades backed one another. In the ninth month Sengge Rinchen attacked Lubiao himself while Guorui and Heng Ling took Xingdazhuang and Zhangdazhuang. Seeing defeat near, Tingyan feigned surrender, was lured out and killed; most of his men surrendered, but Sun Cailan of Sun Laozhuang refused to come out. Surrendered bandit Li Juqi guided the assault; Cailan was taken and killed, and every stockade fell. East of Bozhou, Black Banner chief Song Xiyuan's feud with Su Tianbai led his hard men to storm Wangdazhuang and Liudazhuang and surrender. Lesser stockade chiefs submitted at the news, and north of Bozhou was cleared. Nian bands everywhere were awed by his army and many considered returning to allegiance.
12
二年正月，馬林橋、唐家寨、張家瓦房、孟家樓、童溝集諸賊巢先後剿平，著名捻首魏喜元、蘇天才、趙浩然、李大個子、田現、李城等或降或遁。 張洛行為巨憝首惡，見勢敗，時思竄逸。 會孫醜、劉大、劉二、楊二等由鹿邑西竄，令舒通額、蘇克金等追之，戰於魏橋，殲戮甚眾。 洛行欲由宿州趨徐州，為知州英翰所截。 又聞西路諸匪被創，洛行遂潛回雉河集老巢。 尹家溝、白龍廟與雉河集為犄角，二月，令舒通額等進攻尹家溝。 賊出撲，擊潰，遂攻雉河集。 洛行夜遁，追至淝河北岸，拒戰，殲賊過千，擒斬捻首韓四萬等。 逸匪多潛匿各莊寨，分軍駐索。 西洋寨捻首李勤邦投誠，誘擒張洛行及其子張憙以獻，磔之。 捻匪自蒙、亳創亂，已歷十年，至是掃除。 詔嘉僧格林沁謀勇兼備，加恩仍以親王世襲罔替，並準服用上賜章服，以示優異。
In the first month of year 2 nests at Malinqiao, Tangjiazhai, Zhangjiawafang, Mengjialou, and Tonggouji fell in turn; famous Nian chiefs Wei Xiyuan, Su Tiancai, Zhao Haoran, Li Dagezi, Tian Xian, and Li Cheng surrendered or fled. Zhang Luoxing, the chief villain, saw defeat coming and kept planning to escape. Sun Chou, Liu Da, Liu Er, Yang Er, and others fled west from Luyi; Shutonge and Su Kejin pursued them to Weiqiao and killed a great many. Luoxing tried to move from Suzhou toward Xuzhou but Prefect Ying Han blocked him. Hearing western bands had been beaten, Luoxing slipped back to his lair at Zhiheji. Yinjiagou, Bailongmiao, and Zhiheji formed a defensive triangle; in the second month Shutonge was ordered to attack Yinjiagou. Rebel sorties were beaten back, and the army then assaulted Zhiheji. Luoxing fled by night; pursued to the north bank of the Fei, he fought back; over a thousand were killed and chief Han Siwan was captured and executed. Fugitives hid in village stockades while detachments searched them out. Xiyang Stockade chief Li Qinbang submitted, lured Zhang Luoxing and his son Zhang Xi into capture, and they were executed by dismemberment. The Nian rebellion that began in Meng and Bo had lasted ten years; now it was swept away. The court praised Sengge Rinchen for courage and strategy, confirmed perpetual hereditary princely rank, and allowed him to wear imperial insignia robes as a mark of special honor.
13
時北路竄捻與教、會各匪句結肆擾，僧格林沁回師，令恆齡、蘇克金馳赴直、東交界會剿，自剿淄川踞匪劉德培。 六月，賊傾巢出撲，追敗之於田莊，遂克縣城。 德培遁大白山，擒斬之，進攻鄒縣。 白蓮池匪首宋繼明屢降屢叛，擁眾二萬餘，恃險抗拒。 令總兵陳國瑞、郭寶昌猛攻，破其山寨，敗竄紅山，死守經月，糧盡欲遁。 令舒通額等設伏嶺下，陳國瑞於山北攻上焚其寨，殺賊過半。 其竄山下者，伏起並殲。 擒匪首李九，獲宋繼明屍及其家屬。 留國瑞暫駐，搜緝餘匪。 即日令陳國瑞赴皖剿苗沛霖。
Fleeing Nian in the north had joined sect and Society bands in fresh raids; Sengge Rinchen turned back, sent Heng Ling and Su Kejin to the Zhili-Shandong border, and himself attacked Liu Depei at Zichuan. In the sixth month the rebels came out in force, were routed at Tianzhuang, and the county seat fell. Depei fled to Dabaishan, was captured and killed, and the army advanced on Zou County. Bailianchi chief Song Jiming surrendered and rebelled again and again, commanded over twenty thousand men, and held rugged ground. Brigadiers Chen Guorui and Guo Baochang stormed his mountain stronghold; beaten, he fled to Hongshan and held out for a month until food ran out and he tried to escape. Shutonge set an ambush below the ridge while Chen Guorui attacked from the north, burned the camp, and killed more than half the rebels. Fugitives who fled downhill were wiped out by the ambush. Bandit chief Li Jiu was captured; Song Jiming's body and family were taken. Guorui was left behind temporarily to hunt down remaining bandits. That same day Chen Guorui was sent to Anhui against Miao Peilin.
14
沛霖倔強淮北，當張洛行伏誅，懼，請散練歸農。 及僧格林沁北行，又襲攻蚌埠、懷遠、壽州，圍蒙城，皖軍不能制。 至是僧格林沁督軍討之。 陳國瑞先至，連戰皆捷，匪黨喪膽。 十月，大軍進亳州，連克蔣集、楊家寨。 與陳國瑞合攻，絕其糧道，破蔡家圩，淮河兩岸賊壘悉盡。 沛霖昏夜越壕出竄，為其黨刺殺。 總兵王萬清斬首以獻，逆黨苗憬開等均伏法。 尋破西洋集，擒匪首葛春元，潁、亳、壽境圩寨悉定，淮甸漸清。
Peilin had been defiant in north Huai; when Zhang Luoxing was executed he grew afraid and asked to disband his militia and return to farming. When Sengge Rinchen marched north, Peilin raided Bengbu, Huaiyuan, and Shouzhou, besieged Mengcheng, and Anhui forces could not stop him. Now Sengge Rinchen led the campaign against him. Chen Guorui arrived first, won every engagement, and broke the bandits' nerve. In the tenth month the main army reached Bozhou and took Jiangji and Yangjiazhai in succession. Joining Chen Guorui, they cut Peilin's supply lines, took Caijiawei, and wiped out every rebel stockade on both banks of the Huai. Peilin fled by night over the moat and was assassinated by his own men. Brigadier Wang Wanqing beheaded him and sent in the head; rebel associates including Miao Jingkai were all put to death. They soon took Xiyangji and captured bandit chief Ge Chunyuan; stockades throughout Ying, Bo, and Shou were secured, and the Huai country slowly quieted.
15
時捻匪張洛行之侄總愚擾河南，令蘇克金率馬隊往會剿，而降捻李世忠，官至江南提督，素跋扈，盤踞淮南，將為隱患。 詔曾國籓密為處置，命僧格林沁駐軍鎮懾。 三年春，世忠自請解兵柄。 會漢南粵、捻諸匪糾合下竄，與張總愚相應接，將圖南犯，為江寧踞賊聲援。 僧格林沁乃督師赴許州，進南陽，與河南、湖北諸軍會剿，迭破賊於信陽、應山、鄖陽之間。 六月，江寧克復，大賚諸軍，詔嘉僧格林沁轉戰勳勤，加一貝勒，命其子伯彥訥謨祜受封，復以所部蒙古馬隊最得力，保舉素無冒濫，命擇尤奏獎，賞兵丁銀一萬兩。
Meanwhile Zhang Luoxing's nephew Zhang Zongyu raided Henan, and Su Kejin was sent with cavalry to join the campaign; but the surrendered Nian leader Li Shizhong, a Jiangnan provincial commander notorious for arrogance who held south Huai, was becoming a hidden threat. The court ordered Zeng Guofan to handle the situation discreetly and stationed Sengge Rinchen's forces to keep Li Shizhong in check. In the spring of the third year Li Shizhong asked to surrender his military command. Cantonese and Nian bands south of the Han River joined forces, marched south in concert with Zhang Zongyu, planned a southern thrust, and aimed to reinforce the rebels holding Jiangning. Sengge Rinchen marched to Xuchang and Nanyang, combined with Henan and Hubei forces, and repeatedly routed rebels between Xinyang, Yingshan, and Yunyang. In the sixth month Nanjing was retaken and the armies richly rewarded; the court commended Sengge Rinchen's long campaign service, raised his beile rank by one, and had his son Boyannemuhu accept the title; as his Mongol cavalry had proved indispensable and his recommendations were never inflated, he was told to nominate the best men for honors and his troops received ten thousand taels of silver.
16
七月，粵、捻諸匪麕聚麻城，令蘇克金、張曜、英翰等分路進擊，破賊壘數十。 捻首陳得才以萬眾來撲，戰於紅石堰。 蘇克金力戰，殲賊甚眾，遽病暍卒，以成保代之。 賊竄麻城南境閔家集，結壘為固，成保攻破之。 總兵郭寶昌克蔡家畈，賊竄河南光山、羅山。 僧格林沁親督馬隊追擊，戰於蕭家河，援賊大至，稻隴地狹，馬隊失利，自翼長舒通額以下，陣亡將領十二人。 八月，复戰於光山柳林寨，先勝，中伏，為賊所圍，力戰始退，總兵巴揚阿死之。 九月，張總愚東竄，與上巴河、蘄州之賊勾合，踞風火山，僧格林沁會鄂軍進剿，連戰破之。 賊趨安徽境，分竄潛山、太湖、英山。 十月，連破之於土漠河、樂兒嶺、陶家河。 匪目黃中庸率千人來降，追至黑石渡，令黃中庸為前鋒，襲賊營，大軍繼之，衝賊為兩段，賊目溫其玉等率九千餘人投械乞降。 偵知賊分三路，遣兵分剿，捻首馬融和率黨七萬人投誠，原為前敵。 賊黨甘懷德誘擒偽端王藍成春出獻，磔於軍前。 餘黨汪傳第、吳青泉、吳青泰、范立川等各率眾乞撫，先後受降十數万人，著名匪首僅存數人。 陳得才尋亦窮蹙自盡，惟張總愚、陳大憙西竄河南、湖北境，复猖獗。
In the seventh month Cantonese and Nian forces massed at Macheng; Su Kejin, Zhang Yao, Yinghan, and others attacked on several routes and destroyed dozens of rebel camps. Nian leader Chen Decai charged with ten thousand men and fought at Hongshiyan. Su Kejin fought hard and killed a great many, but died suddenly of heatstroke; Cheng Bao took his place. The rebels fled to Minjiaji in south Macheng, threw up fortified camps, and Cheng Bao stormed them. Brigadier Guo Baochang took Caijiatan; the rebels fled into Guangshan and Luoshan in Henan. Sengge Rinchen led the cavalry in person to Xiaojia River; rebel reinforcements poured in, the paddies were too narrow for horses, and the cavalry was beaten; twelve officers from Wing Commander Shutonge on down fell in the field. In the eighth month they fought again at Liulin Stockade in Guangshan, won at first, then walked into an ambush; surrounded, they fought their way out only with difficulty, and Brigadier Bayang'a was killed. In the ninth month Zhang Zongyu fled east, linked up with rebels at Shangbahe and Qizhou, and seized Fenghuoshan; Sengge Rinchen combined with Hubei forces, attacked repeatedly, and broke them. The rebels drove into Anhui and scattered toward Qianshan, Taihu, and Yingshan. In the tenth month government forces routed them at Tumu River, Le'er Ridge, and Taojia River in succession. Bandit officer Huang Zhongyong surrendered with a thousand men; the chase reached Heishi Ford, where Huang was sent ahead to hit the rebel camp while the main force followed, cut the enemy in two, and bandit leaders including Wen Qiyu surrendered more than nine thousand with arms laid down. When scouts reported the rebels moving in three columns, troops were sent against each; Nian chief Ma Ronghe surrendered with seventy thousand men and was put in the front line. Rebel Gan Huaide tricked the false Prince Duan Lan Chengchun into capture and handed him over; Lan was dismembered before the troops. Other leaders including Wang Chuandi, Wu Qingquan, Wu Qingtai, and Fan Lichuan sued for peace with their bands; well over one hundred thousand surrendered in all, and only a handful of prominent chiefs remained at large. Chen Decai soon killed himself in desperation; only Zhang Zongyu and Chen Daxi escaped west into Henan and Hubei and resumed their raids.
17
十一月，僧格林沁督軍追剿，敗之於光山境，進至棗陽。 粵匪賴文光、邱元才，捻匪牛洛紅、任柱、李允等竄踞襄陽黃龍垱、峪山，官軍進擊小挫，而張總愚、陳大憙乘間與合，圖犯樊城。 大軍追擊於鄧州唐坡，賊傾巢出撲，兩面包鈔，官軍失利，傷亡甚多。 僧格林沁自請嚴議，詔寬之，乃駐軍南陽。 十二月，賊由南召、魯山竄踞寶豐張八橋。 大軍進逼，令郭寶昌、何建鼇分南北兩路，恆齡、成保以馬隊護之。 北路逼賊而營，賊來撲，成保橫出鈔襲，乘勝壓過山岡； 南路誘賊深入，從旁更番進擊：兩路皆捷，合軍追擊，直抵張八橋。 賊夜遁入山，北趨河、洛。 僧格林沁督軍由洛陽取道宜陽，駐韓城鎮。
In the eleventh month Sengge Rinchen pursued them, routed them in Guangshan, and pushed on to Zaoyang. Cantonese rebels Lai Wenguang and Qiu Yuancai and Nian leaders Niu Luohong, Ren Zhu, and Li Yun seized Huanglongdang and Yushan in Xiangyang; the government advance met a slight reverse, and Zhang Zongyu and Chen Daxi seized the moment to join them and move on Fancheng. The main force caught up at Tangpo in Dengzhou; the rebels threw their full strength into the fight, flanked the government troops on both sides, and inflicted heavy losses. Sengge Rinchen asked to be punished severely; the court pardoned him, and he encamped at Nanyang. In the twelfth month the rebels fled from Nanzhao and Lushan and seized Zhangba Bridge in Baofeng. As the main army closed in, Guo Baochang and He Jianao were sent on northern and southern routes, with Heng Ling and Cheng Bao covering them with cavalry. The northern column camped close to the enemy; when the rebels charged, Cheng Bao swung out to flank them and drove over the ridge in pursuit. The southern column drew the rebels in deep and hit them in rotating attacks from the flank; both columns won, joined in pursuit, and drove straight to Zhangba Bridge. The rebels slipped away by night into the hills and fled north toward the Yellow River basin and Luoyang. Sengge Rinchen led his troops from Luoyang through Yiyang and encamped at Hancheng.
18
四年正月，賊折而南犯魯山，大軍追及，戰於城下。 前鋒得利窮追，後路為賊鈔襲，翼長恆齡等陣亡。 舒倫保、常順馬隊接應，陳國瑞橫突扼橋上，始得全師退，而舒倫保、常順亦以傷殞。 賊遂竄葉縣、襄城，陳國瑞乘雪夜襲攻，縱火焚之。 賊東北竄新鄭、尉氏，追及於雙溪河，翼長諾林丕勒等擊走之。 賊南趨，由臨潁、郾城擾西平，裹脅愈眾，遂犯汝寧。 二月，僧格林沁進抵汝寧，賊由息縣、羅山竄信陽。 大軍抵信陽，賊又北竄，追至確山。 陳國瑞等步隊亦到，令與全順、何建鼇、常星阿、成保數路合擊。 郭寶昌設伏山口，僧格林沁登山督戰，諸悍賊齊集，合力死鬥。 國瑞鏖戰最力，寶昌伏起衝突，賊大敗，屍橫遍野，由遂平、西平、郾城、許州、扶溝直走睢州。 官軍追至，又奔入山東境，渡運河至寧陽，折向曲阜。
In the first month of the fourth year the rebels swung south against Lushan; the main army caught them and fought beneath the walls. The vanguard pressed its advantage in hot pursuit while rebels flanked the rear; Wing Commander Heng Ling and others were killed. Shulunbao and Chang Shun's cavalry rushed up to cover the retreat while Chen Guorui broke through to hold the bridge; the army got out intact, but Shulunbao and Chang Shun died of their wounds. The rebels fled into Yexian and Xiangcheng; Chen Guorui struck on a snowy night and burned them out. The rebels fled northeast toward Xinzheng and Weishi; Nolinpil and others caught them at Shuangxi River and drove them off. The rebels turned south, raided through Linying and Yancheng into Xiping, swelled their ranks by coercion, and then struck Runing. In the second month Sengge Rinchen reached Runing; the rebels fled from Xixian and Luoshan toward Xinyang. The main force reached Xinyang; the rebels doubled back north, and the chase carried to Queshan. Chen Guorui's infantry arrived, and he was ordered to join Quan Shun, He Jianao, Chang Xing'a, and Cheng Bao in a multi-column assault. Guo Baochang laid an ambush at the pass while Sengge Rinchen directed the fight from the heights; the toughest rebel bands massed and fought with desperate fury. Guorui bore the brunt of the fighting; Baochang's ambush sprang up and broke the line; the rebels were routed, the field strewn with dead, and they fled straight through Suiping, Xiping, Yancheng, Xuchang, and Fugou toward Suizhou. Government troops pressed the pursuit; the rebels crossed into Shandong, forded the Grand Canal to Ningyang, and swung toward Qufu.
19
官軍馳追匝月，日行百里，往返三千餘裡，馬力久疲。 自蘇克金、舒通額、恆齡等歿後，得力戰將漸稀。 朝命先調湘淮軍著名兵將，多觀望不至，僧格林沁亦不原用之。 至是匪踪剽忽，盤旋於兗、沂、曹、濟之間。 由汶上竄鄆城水套，句結伏莽，眾至數万。 僧格林沁督師猛進，再戰再捷。 至曹州北高莊，賊拒戰。 軍分三路合擊，皆挫敗，退扎荒莊，遂被圍，兵不得食，夜半突圍亂戰，昏黑不辨行，至吳家店，從騎半沒。 僧格林沁抽佩刀當賊，馬蹶遇害。 時四月二十四日也。 內閣學士全順、總兵何建鼇同殉於陣。
Government cavalry chased them hard for a full month, covering a hundred li a day over more than three thousand li round trip, until the horses were worn out. After the deaths of Su Kejin, Shutonge, Heng Ling, and others, capable field commanders were becoming few. The court ordered eminent Hunan and Huai commanders sent ahead, but most hung back and failed to arrive, and Sengge Rinchen himself was reluctant to use them. By then the rebels were darting everywhere, circling through Yan, Yi, Cao, and Ji. They fled from Wenshang into the waterways around Yuncheng, joined forces with outlaws in the brush, and swelled to tens of thousands. Sengge Rinchen pressed forward hard and won every encounter. At Gaozhuang north of Caozhou the rebels stood and fought. The army split three ways to strike together but was beaten back, fell back to Huangzhuang, and was surrounded with no food; at midnight they forced a breakout in confused fighting, lost their way in the dark, reached Wujiadian, and half the escort was wiped out. Sengge Rinchen drew his sword to meet the rebels; his horse stumbled and he was slain. It was the twenty-fourth day of the fourth month. Grand Secretariat Bachelor Quan Shun and Brigadier General He Jianao fell with him on the field.
20
事聞，兩宮震悼，詔嘉其忠勇性成，視國事如家事，飾終典禮視親王，從優議卹。 命侍衛馳驛迎柩至京，上奉兩宮皇太后親奠，賜金治喪，祀昭忠祠，於立功地方建專祠，配享太廟，諡曰忠，預繪像紫光閣。 七年，捻平，遣官賜祭一壇。 光緒十五年，皇太后歸政，敕於京師安定門內建專祠，祠曰顯忠。 子伯彥訥謨祜襲親王爵，孫那爾蘇襲封貝勒，次孫溫都蘇封輔國公。
When the news reached court both empress dowagers were stricken; an edict praised his innate loyalty and courage, his treating state business as household duty, granted him funeral honors equal to a prince of the blood, and ordered the most generous posthumous rewards. Imperial guards were dispatched post-haste to bring the coffin to Beijing; the emperor led the two empress dowagers in person to mourn; gold was granted for the funeral; he was enshrined at Zhaozhong, given a dedicated temple where he had won his fame, paired sacrifice in the Imperial Ancestral Temple, the posthumous name Zhong, and a portrait placed in advance in the Hall of Purple Splendor. In the seventh year, after the Nian were suppressed, the court sent an official to offer sacrifice on his behalf. In Guangxu 15, when the empress dowager restored the throne, an edict ordered a dedicated shrine built inside Anding Gate in Beijing, called the Shrine of Manifest Loyalty. His son Boyen Nemuhu succeeded to the princely title; his grandson Na'er Su was enfeoffed as beile and his second grandson Wendu Su as duke who assists the state.
21
僧格林沁所部騎兵最號勁旅，驍將以舒通額、恆齡、蘇克金為最，均先殞。 及從難，僅全順、何建鼇二人。 兩次治海防，倚提督史榮椿、樂善，先後死事焉。 其將勇營者，陳國瑞、郭寶昌最有名，並自有傳。
Sengge Rinchen's cavalry were the finest in the field; his boldest generals Shutonge, Heng Ling, and Su Kejin all fell early. When disaster struck, only Quan Shun and He Jianao shared his fate. Twice charged with coastal defense he depended on Provincial Commanders Shi Rongchun and Le Shan, both of whom died in action in turn. Of his bold battalion commanders, Chen Guorui and Guo Baochang were the most renowned; each has a separate biography.
22
舒通額，蘇里氏，滿洲鑲白旗人，齊齊哈爾達呼爾。 咸豐三年，以領催從軍江北，隸德興阿部下。 攻江浦，矢殪黃衣執纛賊。 迭著戰功，洊升協領，賜號圖薩泰巴圖魯。 九年，僧格林沁督師天津，調充馬隊營總。 十年冬，從赴山東剿捻匪，捻首趙浩然犯濟寧，舒通額敗之羊山。 十一年春，戰於渮澤李家莊，分三路進擊，不利。 舒通額將右翼，獨殺賊多，全師而退，擢充翼長。 敗賊於泰安、寧陽，解滕縣圍。 捻竄豐、沛，阻於水，复折而西，分竄鉅野，合長槍會匪，甚張，舒通額破之，斬馘數千。 擊會匪郭秉鈞、劉占考於城武柳林集，复破賊徐官莊。 偕協領色爾固善敗捻匪於郯城紅花埠、馬陵山，擒賊首李燦漳於曹州安陵集。 复破郭秉鈞田潭老巢，追剿捻匪於青、沂之間。 累功記名副都統，加頭品頂戴，賜黃馬褂。 敗捻匪劉天祥於滕縣岡山，敗會匪劉占考於範縣，又破劉天祥於曹州袁家園。
Shutonge, of the Suli clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered White Banner from Qiqihar. In Xianfeng 3 he entered service as a squad officer in Jiangbei under Deleng'e. At the attack on Jiangpu he shot dead a standard-bearer in yellow. Repeated battlefield honors brought successive promotion to Assistant Commandant and the title Tusatai Batulu. In year 9, when Sengge Rinchen took command at Tianjin, he was made brigade commander of the cavalry. That winter he followed Sengge Rinchen to Shandong against the Nian; when chief Zhao Haoran struck Jining, Shutonge beat him at Yangshan. In the spring of the eleventh year they fought at Lijiazhuang in Heze in a three-pronged assault that went badly. Shutonge led the right wing, killed more rebels than any other commander, brought his force out intact, and was made Wing Commander. He beat the rebels at Tai'an and Ningyang and lifted the siege of Teng County. The Nian fled to Feng and Pei, were stopped by floodwaters, turned west, split into Juye, joined Long Spear Society bands, and grew bold; Shutonge routed them and took several thousand heads. He attacked Society bandits Guo Bingjun and Liu Zhankao at Liulinji in Chengwu and then broke the rebels at Xuguanzhuang. With Assistant Commandant Se'ergushan he routed the Nian at Honghuabu and Maling Mountain in Tancheng and captured bandit chief Li Canzhang at Anlingji in Caozhou. He destroyed Guo Bingjun's stronghold at Tiantan and hunted Nian bands between Qingzhou and Yizhou. For accumulated merit he was marked for vice commander-in-chief, given first-rank insignia, and awarded a yellow riding jacket. He beat Nian bandit Liu Tianxiang at Gangshan in Teng County, routed Society bandit Liu Zhankao in Fan County, and broke Liu Tianxiang again at Yuanjiayuan in Caozhou.
23
同治元年，授阿勒楚喀副都統，從剿商丘金樓寨教匪，克之。 偕恆齡平亳州張大莊捻巢，偕蘇克金敗捻魁張洛行於張橋。 二年，捻匪劉狗、孫醜犯鹿邑，復與蘇克金要擊於魏橋。 破尹家溝、雉河集賊巢，張洛行就擒。 六月，捻首張守義陷淄川，他軍戰不利。 舒通額突擊之，衝賊為四。 守義棄城遁入鳳凰山白蓮池寨，與李成、宋繼明、劉雙印合，眾二萬餘，負嵎抗拒。 舒通額攻其北，奪西寨門、棗園諸隘，總兵陳國瑞由東南登山，縱火焚之。 繼明自殺，餘賊奔潰，舒通額覆諸山下，俘斬數千，擢正黃旗漢軍都統。 從剿苗沛霖，平之。 三年，粵、捻諸匪合擾豫、皖、楚三省間。 八月，追至羅山，賊退蕭家河。 舒通額躡其後，悍黨四面至，援軍阻絕，騎兵不得馳騁。 舒通額下馬持短刀搏鬥，突圍不出，遂戰死，優恤，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡威毅。
In Tongzhi 1 he was made vice commander-in-chief of Alcuka, joined the campaign against sect rebels at Jinlou Stockade in Shangqiu, and took it. With Heng Ling he cleared the Nian nest at Zhangdazhuang in Bozhou; with Su Kejin he defeated Nian chief Zhang Luoxing at Zhangqiao. In year 2 Liu Gou and Sun Chou of the Nian struck Luyi; Shutonge and Su Kejin ambushed them again at Weiqiao. He destroyed the bandit nests at Yinjiagou and Zhiheji, and Zhang Luoxing was taken. In the sixth month Nian chief Zhang Shouyi took Zichuan while other government forces were losing ground. Shutonge charged in a surprise attack and cut the rebel force into four parts. Shouyi abandoned the city and fled to the Bailianchi camp on Phoenix Mountain; there he joined Li Cheng, Song Jiming, and Liu Shuangyin with more than twenty thousand men and made a desperate stand. Shutonge attacked from the north and took the western gate, Zaoyuan, and other passes; Brigadier Chen Guorui scaled the southeast slope and burned the camp. Jiming killed himself; the rest broke and ran; Shutonge routed them on the slopes, killed or captured thousands, and was made commander-in-chief of the Plain Yellow Chinese Banner. He joined the campaign against Miao Peilin and helped suppress him. In year 3 Cantonese rebels, Nian bands, and other outlaws together ravaged the borderlands of Henan, Anhui, and Hubei. In the eighth month the pursuit reached Luoshan and drove the rebels back to Xiaojia River. Shutonge pressed close behind, but fierce bands closed in on every side, relief was cut off, and his horsemen could not maneuver. Shutonge dismounted to fight with a short sword, failed to break out, and fell in battle; the court granted generous posthumous honors, hereditary captain of the cavalry and captain of the cloud cavalry ranks, and the posthumous name Weiyi.
24
恆齡，郭貝爾氏，滿洲鑲黃旗人，呼倫貝爾達呼爾。 咸豐九年，以佐領從提督傅振邦剿捻匪，破賊於夏邑李家窪，勇常冠軍，擢協領。 十年，振邦遣率兵千五百人入衛京畿。 尋從巡撫文煜折回山東剿捻，解濟寧圍，遂從僧格林沁充營總。 十一年，迭敗賊於東昌、青州、沂州，積功記名副都統，賜黃馬褂、達春巴圖魯名號。 是年冬，會匪劉占考竄範縣，副都統舒明阿戰死，恆齡突擊走之。 援賊至，賊返鬥，恆齡與舒通額夾擊，追至簸箕營。 舒通額攻其圩，恆齡逐逸賊至範縣西，斬千餘級。 同治元年，敗長槍會匪於曹州楊家集，殲焦桂昌。 侍郎國瑞攻亳州邢大莊不下，恆齡夜襲克之。 二年，偕舒通額破捻匪於鹿邑魏橋，偕侍衛卓明阿敗賊於杞縣許岡，圍其寨。 賊三路來援，偕蘇克金、卓明阿分擊，斬馘二千，又追敗之於博望驛。 賊走山東，恆齡回援，大戰於鉅野大義渠。 賊翻山遁，偕國瑞逐北，殲五千人。 駐軍永城，撫定亳北諸圩寨。 偕舒通額、蘇克金毀渦河南北捻巢，躡追至肥河北，張洛行就擒，伏誅。 時降捻張錫珠、宋景詩复叛，擾畿南。 恆齡偕蘇克金率馬隊馳援，署直隸提督。 擊散張錫珠黨眾，進剿宋景詩於堂邑。 三路合擊，景詩遁走，畿輔解嚴。 從僧格林沁剿苗沛霖，奏充翼長。 會諸軍克蔡圩，沛霖就殲。 三年，從剿粵、捻諸匪於河南、湖北邊境，破賊於隨州，授正黃旗護軍統領。 迭戰麻城、羅山間，賊北趨，恆齡與何建鼇等敗之張八橋。 四年三月，追賊抵魯山城下，賊潮至，恆齡將右翼，與常星阿、成保合蹙賊。 賊逾沙河走，恆齡追之，反斗，伏起，殞於陣。 予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡壯烈。
Heng Ling, of the Gobor clan, was a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner from Hulun Buir. In Xianfeng 9 he served as company commander under Provincial Commander Fu Zhenbang against the Nian, routed rebels at Lijiawa in Xiayi, led the field in valor, and was promoted to assistant commandant. In year 10 Fu Zhenbang sent him with fifteen hundred men to guard the capital region. He soon returned to Shandong with Governor Wen Yu against the Nian, lifted the siege of Jining, and then joined Sengge Rinchen as brigade commander. In the eleventh year he defeated bandits again and again at Dongchang, Qingzhou, and Yizhou; for his accumulated merit he was entered on the register as vice commander-in-chief and granted a yellow riding jacket and the title Dachun Batuuru. That winter Society bandit Liu Zhankao fled into Fan County; Vice Commander-in-Chief Shuming'a fell in battle, and Heng Ling struck suddenly and drove him off. When rebel reinforcements arrived and the bandits turned to fight back, Heng Ling and Shutonge struck from both sides and pursued them to Boqiying. Shutonge stormed their stockade while Heng Ling chased the fugitives west of Fan County and cut down more than a thousand. In Tongzhi 1 he routed Long Spear Society bandits at Yangjiaji in Caozhou and killed Jiao Guichang. Vice Minister Guorui had failed to take Xingdazhuang in Bozhou; Heng Ling captured it in a night attack. In the second year he and Shutonge broke the Nian at Weiqiao in Luyi; with Guard Zhuoming'a he defeated bandits at Xugang in Qixian and besieged their stockade. When bandits came to relieve the stockade on three routes, he and Su Kejin and Zhuoming'a struck them separately, killing and capturing two thousand, then pursued and routed them again at Bowang Post. The bandits fled into Shandong; Heng Ling turned back to reinforce and fought a great battle at Dayiqu in Juye. The bandits slipped over the mountains; with Guorui he pursued north and wiped out five thousand. He encamped at Yongcheng and pacified the stockades north of Bozhou. With Shutonge and Su Kejin he destroyed Nian lairs on both banks of the Wo River, tracked them north of the Fei River, captured Zhang Luoxing, and had him executed. About then surrendered Nian Zhang Xizhu and Song Jingshi rebelled again and raided the region south of the capital. Heng Ling and Su Kejin galloped north with the cavalry to reinforce the capital region; Heng Ling was appointed acting Governor-General of Zhili. He scattered Zhang Xizhu's band and pressed on against Song Jingshi at Tangyi. Three columns struck together; Jingshi fled, and the capital region stood down from alert. He followed Sengge Rinchen against Miao Peilin and was appointed wing commander. When the allied armies took Caiwei stockade, Peilin was killed. In the third year he joined the campaign against Cantonese and Nian bandits on the Henan-Hubei border, routed them at Suizhou, and was made commander of the Plain Yellow Banner guards. He fought repeatedly between Macheng and Luoshan; when the bandits fled north, Heng Ling and He Jianao and others routed them at Zhangba Bridge. In the third month of the fourth year he pursued the bandits to the foot of Lushan city; as rebel numbers swelled, Heng Ling took the right wing and, with Chang Xing'a and Cheng Bao, closed in on them. The bandits crossed the Sha River and fled; Heng Ling gave chase, but they turned to fight, an ambush sprang up, and he fell on the field. He was granted the hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Cloud Cavalry Captain, with the posthumous name Zhuanglie (Steadfast and Fierce).
25
蘇克金，倭勒氏，滿洲正黃旗人，愛琿駐防。 咸豐初，以驍騎校從僧格林沁剿粵匪，克連鎮、馮官屯，積功擢佐領。 五年，從都統西凌阿勦賊湖北，克德安。 七年，從副都統德楞額剿潁上捻匪，轉戰河南，肅清河、陝、汝三郡，擢協領，加副都統銜。 八年，阜陽教匪王廷楨擾洛陽、新蔡，蘇克金破西爐賊巢，斃王廷楨於陣。 會德楞額疾，代領所部，追賊寨河集、陳家阪，盡殲之，賜號伊固木圖巴圖魯。 邀擊捻匪於夏邑、寧陵，走之。 尋又自亳州竄入河南境，敗之鄧六莊。 坐赴援周家口失期，革職留營。 尋破賊虞城，復原官。 九年，克睢州。 十年，僧格林沁調充天津行營翼長，遂從剿捻山東。 十一年，從攻紅川口，殲賊渠劉占考、梁繼海，賜黃馬褂，記名副都統。
Su Kejin belonged to the Wole clan, was a Manchu of the Plain Yellow Banner, and was garrisoned at Aihui. In the early Xianfeng reign, as a brave-rider commander he followed Sengge Rinchen against Cantonese rebels, took Lianzhen and Fengguantun, and was promoted to assistant commander for his service. In the fifth year he followed Commander-in-Chief Xiling'a against bandits in Hubei and captured De'an. In the seventh year he followed Vice Commander-in-Chief Deleng'e against the Nian in Yingshang, fought across Henan, and pacified the Henan, Shaanxi, and Ru prefectures; he was promoted to company commander and given vice commander-in-chief rank. In the eighth year sect rebel Wang Tingzhen of Fuyang raided Luoyang and Xincai; Su Kejin stormed the bandit lair at Xilu and killed Wang Tingzhen in battle. When Deleng'e fell ill, Su Kejin took over his command, pursued the bandits to Zhaiheji and Chenjiaban and wiped them out, and was granted the title Yigumutu Batuuru. He intercepted Nian bandits at Xiayi and Ningling and drove them off. Soon they slipped again from Bozhou into Henan, and he defeated them at Dengliuzhuang. He was dismissed for arriving late to reinforce Zhoujiakou but was kept with the army. Soon after he defeated bandits at Yucheng and was restored to his former rank. In the ninth year he captured Suizhou. In the tenth year Sengge Rinchen made him wing commander of the Tianjin field headquarters, and he followed the campaign against the Nian in Shandong. In the eleventh year he joined the assault on Hongchuankou, killed bandit chiefs Liu Zhankao and Liang Jihai, was granted a yellow riding jacket, and entered on the register as vice commander-in-chief.
26
同治元年，從剿張洛行於河南杞縣、尉氏，屢敗之。 攻金樓寨教匪，先登，斬郝姚氏及其二子，授福州副都統。 二年，偕舒通額敗捻匪於鹿邑魏橋，破尹家溝賊巢，擒捻首韓四萬、陳二坎，蒙、亳悉平，加頭品頂戴。 偕恆齡赴援畿輔，駐防河間。 時河北多伏莽，鄉團跋扈。 蘇克金謂疆吏姑息所致，言於僧格林沁，劾之。 從剿苗沛霖，克淮南北各圩寨。 餘捻走河南，張總愚最狡悍。 三年，僧格林沁督師進剿，令蘇克金先驅扼魯山。 賊畏大軍馬隊，盤旋山地。 蘇克金在諸將中號持重，善審地勢，持數月未戰。 詔屢促之，會張總愚出鄧州，急起追擊，連破之赤眉城、雙橋、安春寨，總愚負傷遁。 而粵匪陳得才、藍成春等由漢中回竄，麕集麻城，蘇克金偕皖、豫諸軍進攻，力戰兼旬，毀賊壘數十。 七月，戰於紅石堰，蘇克金指揮列陣，忽中暍，疾作，墜馬，舁歸遽卒。 詔依都統例賜卹，諡壯介。
In Tongzhi 1 he joined the pursuit of Zhang Luoxing in Qixian and Weishi in Henan and defeated him again and again. At Jinlou Stockade he was first over the wall against the sect bandits, killed the Hao-Yao clan and her two sons, and was appointed vice commander-in-chief of Fuzhou. In the second year he and Shutonge routed the Nian at Weiqiao in Luyi, stormed the lair at Yinjia Gully, and captured Nian chiefs Han Siwan and Chen Erkan; Meng and Bo were fully pacified, and he received the first-rank court cap. With Heng Ling he hurried to reinforce the capital region and garrisoned Hejian. At the time Hebei swarmed with hidden desperadoes, and local militia had grown arrogant and unruly. Su Kejin blamed the frontier officials' indulgence, told Sengge Rinchen, and had them impeached. He followed the campaign against Miao Peilin and captured stockades on both banks of the Huai. The remaining Nian fled into Henan; Zhang Zongyu was the craftiest and fiercest of them all. In the third year Sengge Rinchen led the advance in person and sent Su Kejin ahead to hold Lushan. The bandits feared the army's cavalry and kept to the hills, wheeling through the mountains. Among the generals Su Kejin was known for steadiness and a keen eye for terrain; he held his ground for months without giving battle. Edicts repeatedly pressed him to act; when Zhang Zongyu emerged from Dengzhou, Su Kejin rose at once in pursuit and routed him at Chimei City, Shuangqiao, and Anchun Stockade; Zongyu fled, wounded. Meanwhile Cantonese bandits Chen Decai, Lan Chengcun, and others fled back from Hanzhong and massed at Macheng; Su Kejin advanced with the Anhui and Henan forces, fought hard for ten days straight, and destroyed dozens of rebel fortifications. In the seventh month, at Hongshiyan, Su Kejin was drawing up his battle lines when heatstroke struck; seized by illness, he fell from his horse, was carried back to camp, and died suddenly. An edict granted mourning benefits according to the regulations for a commander-in-chief, with the posthumous name Zhuangjie (Steadfast and Upright).
27
何建鼇，漢軍鑲紅旗人。 由武舉補京營把總，初從達洪阿赴廣西剿匪，繼從僧格林沁戰阜城、連鎮、馮官屯，積功擢守備，回京營供職。 咸豐七年，調赴河南，從剿角子山捻匪、阜陽教匪，洊升游擊。 九年，調守天津大沽，擊退英國兵艦，加副將銜。 及從剿捻匪，轉戰山東、江北，以破曹州紅川口會匪，擢副將。 殲亳州捻首李廷彥，記名總兵。 平張洛行，賜號雄勇巴圖魯，授中營副將。 歷從剿捻豫、楚之交，常為軍鋒。 曹州之敗，兵分三路，建鼇當其西，中路失利，賊萃於建鼇，士卒多死，退從僧格林沁守空堡，短刀殺賊，歿於陣。 詔嘉其至死不離主帥，依提督例優恤，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡果毅。
He Jianao was a Han bannerman of the Bordered Red Banner. A military graduate, he entered the capital garrison as a platoon leader; he first followed Dahan'a to Guangxi against the rebels, then fought with Sengge Rinchen at Fucheng, Lianzhen, and Fengguantun; promoted to battalion commander for his service, he returned to duty in the capital garrison. In Xianfeng 7 he was transferred to Henan, fought Nian bandits at Jiaozishan and sect rebels at Fuyang, and rose in succession to regimental commander. In the ninth year he was posted to Dagukou at Tianjin, repelled British warships, and was given deputy general rank. When he joined the campaign against the Nian, fighting across Shandong and Jiangbei, he was promoted to deputy general for breaking Society bandits at Hongchuankou in Caozhou. He killed Nian chief Li Tingyan of Bozhou and was entered on the register as regional commander. When Zhang Luoxing was subdued, he was granted the title Xiongyong Batuuru and appointed deputy general of the Middle Battalion. He fought repeatedly against the Nian on the Henan-Hubei border and often led the army's vanguard. At the defeat at Caozhou the army divided into three columns; Jianao held the west. When the center gave way, the bandits closed on Jianao and many of his men fell. Falling back, he followed Sengge Rinchen into an empty fort, killed bandits with a short sword, and died on the field. An edict praised him for never leaving his commander to the end; he received exceptional mourning benefits according to the regulations for a governor-general, the hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Cloud Cavalry Captain, and the posthumous name Guoyi (Resolute and Steadfast).
28
全順，薩爾圖拉氏，蒙古正藍旗人。 咸豐六年，繙譯進士，歷官中允。 十年，僧格林沁治防天津，疏調從軍，累遷翰林院侍讀學士。 在軍充翼長，從剿商丘金樓寨、亳州邢大莊，及平張洛行，並著戰績，賜黃馬褂。 擢內閣學士，授西安左翼副都統。 從僧格林沁陣亡，卹典加等，依尚書例，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，諡忠壯。 舒通額、恆齡、蘇克金、何建鼇、全順並附祀僧格林沁專祠。
Quan Shun belonged to the Sartula clan and was a Mongol of the Plain Blue Banner. In Xianfeng 6 he passed the translator jinshi examination and rose in succession to middle secretary. In the tenth year, when Sengge Rinchen took charge of Tianjin's defenses, he memorialized to have Quan Shun transferred to the army; Quan Shun rose in succession to reader-in-waiting of the Hanlin Academy. In the field he served as wing commander, fought at Jinlou Stockade in Shangqiu and Xingdazhuang in Bozhou, helped pacify Zhang Luoxing, distinguished himself in every engagement, and was granted a yellow riding jacket. He was promoted to Grand Secretariat academician and appointed left vice commander-in-chief of Xi'an. When he fell following Sengge Rinchen into battle, mourning honors were raised a grade according to the regulations for a minister; he received the hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Cloud Cavalry Captain and the posthumous name Zhongzhuang (Loyal and Steadfast). Shutonge, Heng Ling, Su Kejin, He Jianao, and Quan Shun were all granted accompanying sacrifice in Sengge Rinchen's dedicated shrine.
29
史榮椿，順天大興人。 由行伍洊升京營參將，歷從揚威將軍奕經、大學士賽尚阿軍中。 繼從都統勝保剿粵匪，攻獨流賊壘，戰阜城，破賊堆村，賜號洽希巴圖魯。 僧格林沁薦其堪膺專閫，咸豐五年，擢大名鎮總兵。 洎近畿軍事平，都統西凌阿率師移剿湖北，留馬隊千五百人隸榮椿防畿輔。 尋赴援河南、安徽，連破捻匪於鹿邑、歸德。 調徐州鎮，破捻匪於沁治天津海防。 九年，英國兵艦犯海口，榮椿偕大沽協副將龍汝元力戰，中砲，同歿於陣。 予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，建專祠，諡忠壯。
Shi Rongchun was a native of Daxing in Shuntian. Rising from the ranks, he was promoted in succession to regimental commander in the capital garrison and served under General Yijing and Grand Secretary Saishang'a. He then followed Commander-in-Chief Shengbao against Cantonese rebels, assaulted the bandit fort at Duliu, fought at Fucheng, stormed the bandit stockade at Duicun, and was granted the title Qiaxi Batuuru. Sengge Rinchen recommended him as fit for independent command; in Xianfeng 5 he was promoted to regional commander of the Daming garrison. When the fighting near the capital subsided, Commander-in-Chief Xiling'a marched to Hubei; fifteen hundred cavalry were left under Rongchun to defend the capital region. Soon he went to reinforce Henan and Anhui and repeatedly defeated Nian bandits at Luyi and Guide. Transferred to the Xuzhou garrison, he fought the Nian in several campaigns and later joined the defense of Tianjin's coastal fortifications. In the ninth year British warships attacked Haikou; Rongchun and Dagukou Assistant Deputy Commander Long Ruyuan fought fiercely, were struck by cannon fire, and both fell on the field. He was granted the hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Cloud Cavalry Captain, a dedicated shrine was built in his honor, and he received the posthumous name Zhongzhuang (Loyal and Steadfast).
30
樂善，伊勒忒氏，蒙古正白旗人。 由拜唐阿洊升雲麾使。 揀發陝甘參將，剿番匪有功。 從勝保剿粵匪，戰獨流、阜城，賜號巴克敦巴圖魯。 咸豐六年，率馬隊剿捻匪河南，連破賊於鹿邑、潁川。 七年，擢河北鎮總兵。 克方家集捻巢，從勝保克正陽關，解固始圍，賜黃馬褂。 九年，命赴僧格林沁天津軍營，擢直隸提督。 英兵闖入海口，樂善扼擊，敵不得逞，尋退去。 論功最，被優敘。 十年七月，英兵復至，大沽砲台陷，樂善力戰，死之。 贈太子少保，予騎都尉兼雲騎尉世職，於海口建專祠，諡威毅。 尋封二等男爵，子成友襲。
Le Shan belonged to the Ilet clan and was a Mongol of the Plain White Banner. From the rank of Bodyguard he rose in succession to Cloud Chariot Commissioner. Selected for service as regimental commander in Shaanxi-Gansu, he suppressed frontier bandits with distinction. He followed Shengbao against Cantonese rebels, fought at Duliu and Fucheng, and was granted the title Bakedun Batuuru. In Xianfeng 6 he led cavalry against the Nian in Henan and repeatedly routed them at Luyi and Yingchuan. In the seventh year he was promoted to regional commander of the Hebei garrison. He stormed the Nian lair at Fangjiaji, followed Shengbao in capturing Zhengyang Pass, lifted the siege of Gushi, and was granted a yellow riding jacket. In the ninth year he was ordered to Sengge Rinchen's camp at Tianjin and promoted to Governor-General of Zhili. When English troops forced their way into Haikou, Le Shan blocked and struck them; the enemy could not break through and soon withdrew. His merit ranked highest, and he received exceptional commendation. In the seventh month of the tenth year the English returned; the Dagukou forts fell; Le Shan fought to the end and died. He was posthumously appointed Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, granted the hereditary ranks of Commandant of Cavalry and Cloud Cavalry Captain, given a dedicated shrine at Haikou, and awarded the posthumous name Weiyi (Formidable and Resolute). Soon afterward he was enfeoffed as a second-rank baron; his son Chengyou inherited the title.
31
論曰：僧格林沁忠勇樸誠，出於天性，名震寰宇，朝廷倚為長城。 治軍公廉無私，部曲誠服，勞而不怨。 其殄寇也，惟以殺敵致果，無畏難趨避之心。 剿捻凡五年，掃穴擒渠，餘孽遂為流寇，困獸之鬥，勢更棘焉。 繼事者變通戰略，以持重蕆功，則僧格林沁所未暇計及者也。 然燕、齊、皖、豫之間，謳思久而不沫，於以見功德入人之深。 有清籓部建大勳者，惟僧格林沁及策淩二人，同膺侑廟曠典，後先輝映，旂常增色矣。
The editors observe: Sengge Rinchen's loyalty, courage, plainness, and sincerity were innate gifts; his name resounded across the realm, and the court leaned on him as upon a great wall. In commanding his troops he was fair and without private interest; his men served him willingly and bore hardship without complaint. In destroying the enemy he sought only to kill and prevail, with no thought of shrinking from hardship or turning aside from danger. For five years he hunted the Nian, rooting out their lairs and capturing their chiefs; what remained became roving bandits, and their desperate, cornered-beast struggle made the peril only greater. Those who followed altered the strategy and brought the work to completion through patience and steadiness — a course Sengge Rinchen had no leisure to consider. Yet across Yan, Qi, Wan, and Yu, songs of remembrance long endured without fading — proof of how deeply his merit had entered the hearts of men. Among the Qing frontier bannermen who won the greatest merit, only Sengge Rinchen and Celeng shared the rare honor of collateral shrine worship; shining in succession, they lent new luster to the court's roll of honor.