Volume 432 Biographies 219: Xiao Qijiang, Zhang Yunlan, Tang Xunfang, Jiang Ningxue, Chen Shi, Li Yuandu

列傳二百十九

Biographies, Chapter 219

蕭啟江張運蘭唐訓方蔣凝學陳湜李元度

Xiao Qijiang, Zhang Yunlan, Tang Xunfang, Jiang Ningxue, Chen Shi, and Li Yuandu

蕭啟江，字濬川，湖南湘鄉人。少賈於蜀，後始折節讀書。咸豐三年，入塔齊布軍。四年，從平岳州，克武昌、漢陽、興國、大冶、蘄州，敘縣丞，晉秩州同。五年，廣東賊犯湖南，湘撫駱秉章檄啟江募兵協剿，曰果字營，自是獨將一軍。攻茶陵踞匪，率壯士數十人薄南門，賊自民廛躍出，攢矛環刺，啟江手擒數賊，賊莫敢逼。尋會克其城，賊走江西，陷弋陽、興安。啟江偕羅澤南复兩城，進收廣信，賜花翎，擢同知。

Xiao Qijiang, styled Junchuan, came from Xiangxiang in Hunan. As a young man he went into trade in Sichuan, and only afterward turned to serious study. In 1853 he joined the forces under Taqibu. The following year he took part in pacifying Yuezhou and in capturing Wuchang, Hanyang, Xingguo, Daye, and Qizhou; he was entered for appointment as assistant county magistrate and advanced to the rank of vice subprefect. In 1855, when Guangdong rebels entered Hunan, Governor Luo Bingzhang of Hunan directed Qijiang to raise troops for the campaign; his unit was named the Guozi Battalion, and from that point he commanded a separate army of his own. When he attacked the rebels entrenched at Chaling, he led a few dozen picked men up to the south gate; the enemy rushed out from the lanes and hemmed him in with spears, but Qijiang seized several of them with his own hands, and none dared close on him. The city was soon taken in a joint operation; the rebels fled into Jiangxi and seized Yiyang and Xing'an. Qijiang, together with Luo Zinan, recovered both cities and went on to retake Guangxin; he was awarded the peacock feather and promoted to subprefect.

六年，劉長佑援江西，總統諸軍，啟江屬焉，駐師瀏陽。賊陷萬載，啟江大破之櫧樹潭、大橋、竹阜，遂復萬載；而崇通賊复犯瀏陽，援賊大至，撲營，啟江鏖戰敗之，躡至八角亭，毀其壘。會曾國華馳至，偕由洪塘、新昌、上高搗瑞州。前軍至登龍橋，擊退袁州賊，進攻新昌、上高，拔之，擢知府。進攻袁州，啟江與長佑分地扼賊。長佑攻西南，啟江攻東北，盡平城外賊屯。城賊惶懼，啟江策臨吉賊必來援，設伏敗之，盡奪其輜重。尋破賊合山，克分宜，加道銜。進攻臨江，七年正月，大捷陰岡嶺，斬其酋。賊勢以孤，乃潛約撫、建、新淦援賊趨太平墟，犯長佑營。長佑戰失利，營陷，賊乘勢回犯陰岡嶺。部將田興恕、楊恆升突陣，斬悍酋數人，師從之，賊崩潰，夷其壘四十七。城賊窮蹙乞降，而賊首仍負嵎死拒，乃誘其出戰，啟江揮軍疾進，薄城而登，遂克之，擢道員，加按察使銜。長佑尋以病歸，劉坤一代之。啟江與進攻撫州，連下宜黃、崇仁。撫州賊屯樟樹鎮，將伺官軍渡贛襲臨江，啟江與坤一回擊，大破之。進次上頓，距撫州十五里，築壘甫畢，賊至，迎擊敗之。進攻高橋，賊棄城遁，追斬千七百有奇。撫州复，加布政使銜。

In 1856, Liu Changyou marched to relieve Jiangxi as overall commander; Qijiang served under him and stationed his troops at Liuyang. When the rebels took Wanzai, Qijiang routed them at Zhushutan, Daqiao, and Zhufu and recovered the county. Rebels from Chongyang and Tongcheng then struck Liuyang again; large relief columns came up and stormed his camp, but Qijiang fought them off, pursued them to Bajiaoting, and destroyed their fortifications. Zeng Guohua then hurried up, and together they thrust toward Ruizhou by way of Hongtang, Xinchang, and Shanggao. The advance guard reached Denglong Bridge, drove back the Yuanzhou rebels, and pressed on to take Xinchang and Shanggao; Qijiang was promoted to prefect. In the attack on Yuanzhou, Qijiang and Changyou divided the approaches to block the enemy. Changyou assaulted from the southwest while Qijiang attacked from the northeast, and they cleared every rebel camp outside the city. The garrison grew fearful; Qijiang judged that Linji rebels would surely come to their aid, laid an ambush, routed them, and captured all their baggage train. He soon defeated the enemy at Heshan and took Fenyi, and was granted the brevet title of circuit intendant. In the assault on Linjiang, in the first month of 1857 he won a great victory at Yingang Ridge and slew the rebel leader. With their position growing desperate, the rebels secretly called in reinforcements from Fuzhou, Jian, and Xin'gan, marched on Taipingxu, and struck Changyou's camp. Changyou was beaten and his camp overrun; the enemy then wheeled about and assailed Yingang Ridge. Subordinates Tian Xingshu and Yang Hengsheng charged the enemy line and killed several of their boldest leaders; the main force followed, the rebels broke and fled, and forty-seven stockades were destroyed. The besieged rebels, at their wits' end, offered to surrender, yet their chief still clung to the walls and fought on; Qijiang drew him out, then drove his men forward in a rush, scaled the wall, and took the city. He was promoted to circuit commissioner and granted the brevet rank of provincial surveillance commissioner. Changyou soon went home ill, and Liu Kunyi succeeded to his command. Qijiang joined him in the advance on Fuzhou and in quick succession took Yihuang and Chongren. Rebels from Fuzhou held Zhangshu Town, planning to strike Linjiang once the government forces crossed the Gan; Qijiang and Kunyi wheeled about and inflicted a crushing defeat. He moved up to Shangdun, fifteen li from Fuzhou; his fortifications were barely finished when the enemy appeared, and he met them head-on and drove them off. In the assault on Gaoqiao the rebels abandoned the city and fled; the pursuit yielded more than seventeen hundred heads. Fuzhou was recovered, and he received the brevet rank of provincial administration commissioner.

九年，賊陷南安，糾眾數万犯贛州，踞新城墟及池江諸地。時曾國籓督援浙軍，啟江率所部從，檄援贛州。啟江遣田勇三千誘賊，賊爭出赴利，啟江摧鋒直進，斬級數千。田勇者，江西募農夫防賊，貪鹵獲，倚湘軍無所畏，集者四萬。啟江曰：「眾而不整必敗。」禁之不可，遇伏果潰。湘軍為少卻，部將胡中和力戰斷後，復進敗之，平新城墟、池江、小溪、鳳凰城諸賊壘，賊退入南安。南安故有二城夾水，賊分屯相犄角，軍至皆棄而走。啟江進屯城外青隴、黃隴，結壘自固，令曰：「入城者斬。」有頃，賊果還南城，攻之，敗走。啟江曰：「賊狡而弱，吾直驅之耳！」攀堞以登，賊奪西門走，追殺數十里，賜號額埒斯圖巴圖魯。進信豐，會總兵遮克敦布攻吳家嶺，啟江率中營進。賊萬餘來撲，擊敗之，破先溪橋賊壘，城兵出而夾擊，立解其圍。時江西郡縣皆复。

In 1859 the rebels took Nan'an, gathered tens of thousands to threaten Ganzhou, and occupied Xinchengxu and the ground along the Chijiang. Zeng Guofan was then directing the force sent to relieve Zhejiang; Qijiang marched with his division under him and was directed to rescue Ganzhou. Qijiang sent three thousand local militiamen forward as bait; the rebels poured out after plunder, and he smashed through with the vanguard, taking several thousand heads. The tianyong were Jiangxi farmers raised for local defense; greedy for loot and emboldened by the Hunan troops, they swelled to forty thousand men. Qijiang warned, "Numbers without order are bound to lose." He could not restrain them; they walked into an ambush and broke in rout. The Hunan troops gave ground briefly; subordinate Hu Zhonghe fought a stubborn rearguard action, then pressed forward again and routed the enemy, clearing the rebel camps at Xinchengxu, Chijiang, Xiaoxi, and Fenghuangcheng; the rebels fell back into Nan'an. Nan'an had long had twin cities on opposite banks; the rebels held them in mutual support, but at the army's approach they abandoned both and fled. Qijiang encamped outside at Qinglong and Huanglong, fortified his position, and ordered, "Anyone who enters the city will be executed." Before long the rebels did return to the southern city; he attacked them and drove them off in defeat. Qijiang said, "They are sly but feeble—we need only press them hard!" He went up the battlements and over the wall; the rebels bolted through the west gate; the pursuit ran for miles; he was awarded the Manchu title Elesituo Batulu. He marched on Xinfeng, joined Brigadier Zhe-kedun-bu in the assault on Wujialing, and led the central battalion forward. Over ten thousand rebels rushed them; he beat them off, stormed the camp at Xianxi Bridge, and with the garrison sallying out in a pincer the siege was lifted at once. By then every prefecture and county in Jiangxi had been restored.

石達開由崇義竄湖南，郴、桂所屬皆告警，啟江馳防。賊已由永州竄圍寶慶，啟江自臨、藍趨永州，扼東安，屯白牙市。劉長佑、李續宜解寶慶圍，追至白牙，啟江會軍夾擊，擒其酋楊家廷、馬繼昌於陣。賊竄入廣西，陷興安，盡集悍黨大溶江遏追師，遣別賊直犯桂林。啟江由全州趨興安，復其城；攻大溶江，大捷，解桂林圍，以按察使記名。移軍回湖南。

Shi Dakai broke out of Chongyi into Hunan; the Chenzhou and Guilin districts were all thrown into alarm, and Qijiang rushed to the defense. The rebels had already slipped from Yongzhou to invest Baoqing; Qijiang marched from Linwu and Lanshan toward Yongzhou, seized Dong'an, and encamped at Baiyashi. Liu Changyou and Li Xuyi lifted the siege of Baoqing and pursued the enemy to Baiya; Qijiang joined in a converging attack and took the rebel leaders Yang Jiating and Ma Jichang on the field. The rebels fled into Guangxi, took Xing'an, massed their hard fighters at the Darong River to hold back pursuit, and detached a column to strike Guilin directly. Qijiang advanced from Quanzhou on Xing'an and recovered the city. At Darong River he won a great victory and relieved Guilin; he was placed on the list for appointment as provincial surveillance commissioner. He then moved his army back into Hunan.

四川軍事急，命啟江率師往援。十年春，甫至，以疾卒於軍。詔贈巡撫，從優賜卹，諡壯果，湖南、江西並建專祠。其所部留四川，駱秉章用以平賊焉。

With the fighting in Sichuan growing critical, he was ordered to march his troops to the relief. In the spring of 1860 he had barely arrived when he died of illness in the field. He was posthumously made governor, granted exceptional mourning honors, and given the posthumous name Zhuangguo; dedicated shrines were erected to him in Hunan and Jiangxi. His division stayed in Sichuan, where Luo Bingzhang employed it to finish pacifying the rebels.

張運蘭，字凱章，湖南湘鄉人。咸豐初，從王珍轉戰衡、永、郴、桂，積功擢同知。六年，戰通城，運蘭設三伏，營前斬賊酋張庸忠，擒魯三元，克通城，又大破賊於崇陽白蜺橋，賜花翎。七年，從王珍援江西，迭捷於臨江、吉安、樂安、新城、廣昌，功皆最。王珍卒於軍，運蘭與王開化分領其眾。吉安賊窺永豐，運蘭屢敗之，擢知府。又破賊於峽江橋阜灘、獅子山。移軍吉水，扼賊三曲灘，相持數日，血戰十數次，斬賊渠黃錫昆。渡贛江，破石達開於硃山橋，達開焚屯而遁，遂解永豐圍，擢道員。八年，略定樂安、宜黃，逼建昌，敗賊於厚坪。破水南賊巢，分剿南源、里塔墟、劉家坑，直搗謝坑，毀賊壘，斬其酋廖雄篙等，复南豐。建昌之圍始合，五月，克之，加按察使銜。賊复犯南豐，擊走之，追及新城杭山，降賊眾數千。

Zhang Yunlan, styled Kaizhang, came from Xiangxiang in Hunan. Early in the Xianfeng reign he campaigned under Wang Zhen across Hengyang, Yongzhou, Chenzhou, and Guilin, and rose by merit to subprefect. In 1856, at Tongcheng, Yunlan laid three ambushes, slew the rebel chief Zhang Yongzhong before his own lines, captured Lu Sanyuan, and took the city; he then routed the enemy again at Baiwan Bridge in Chongyang and was awarded the peacock feather. In 1857 he followed Wang Zhen to Jiangxi and won victory after victory at Linjiang, Ji'an, Le'an, Xincheng, and Guangchang, ranking first in merit each time. When Wang Zhen died in the field, Yunlan and Wang Kaihua divided his troops between them. Rebels from Ji'an probed Yongfeng; Yunlan beat them back again and again and was promoted to prefect. He defeated them again at Qiaofutan in Xiajiang and at Lion Hill. He moved to Jishui and blocked the enemy at Sanqu Beach; after several days of stalemate and more than a dozen bloody clashes, he slew the rebel commander Huang Xikun. Crossing the Gan, he routed Shi Dakai at Zhushan Bridge; Dakai burned his camp and fled, lifting the siege of Yongfeng, and Yunlan was promoted to circuit commissioner. In 1858 he brought Le'an and Yihuang largely under control, pressed Jianchang, and defeated the rebels at Houping. He stormed the rebel stronghold south of the river, sent columns against Nanyuan, Litaxu, and Liujiakeng, drove straight into Xiekeng, destroyed the enemy camps, killed leaders including Liao Xionggao, and recovered Nanfeng. The ring around Jianchang was finally closed; in the fifth month the city fell, and he received the brevet rank of provincial surveillance commissioner. The rebels struck Nanfeng again; he beat them back, pursued them to Hangshan in Xincheng, and accepted the surrender of several thousand men.

時詔起曾國籓督師規浙江，國籓行次江西，賊已入閩，疏調運蘭及蕭啟江率所部從。會賊陷安仁，別將失利，運蘭進擊，大破之，殲賊數千，克安仁，賜號克圖格爾依巴圖魯。由杉關進剿破賊順昌，回援景德鎮，戰於李村，斬馘二千餘，解散千計。九年，援饒州，敗賊於栗樹山，克浮梁，加布政使銜。

An edict then recalled Zeng Guofan to take command of the campaign toward Zhejiang; passing through Jiangxi, he found the rebels already in Fujian and requested that Yunlan and Xiao Qijiang march with their divisions under him. When the rebels took Anren and another column was beaten, Yunlan pressed the attack, crushed them, killed several thousand, recovered Anren, and was awarded the Manchu title Ketu-ge-er-yi Batulu. He advanced through Shan Pass, defeated the rebels at Shunchang, turned back to relieve Jingdezhen, fought at Licun, took more than two thousand heads, and dispersed another thousand-odd men. In 1859 he relieved Raozhou, defeated the enemy at Chestnut Tree Hill, took Fuliang, and received the brevet rank of provincial administration commissioner.

是年秋，粵匪犯湖南寶慶，運蘭回援，疊破賊於宜章、星子、市禾洞，追至廣東連州，破九陂、石塘、白虎墟賊巢，殄賊逾萬，授開歸陳許道。十年，曾國籓軍祁門，運蘭偕鮑超破賊黟、歙。十一年，克休寧，擢福建按察使。再复黟縣，盡夷賊壘。時運蘭統五千人防徽州，尋移防寧國，值大疫，悍賊麕集，與霆軍力拒之。同治元年，拔旌德。二年，命援廣東，搗陽山石塋賊巢，降其眾三千，擒巨酋李復猷於連州。

That autumn, when Guangdong rebels threatened Baoqing in Hunan, Yunlan marched back to the rescue, won repeated victories at Yizhang, Xingzi, and Shihedong, pursued into Lianzhou in Guangdong, stormed the camps at Jiupi, Shitang, and Baihuxu, killed more than ten thousand of the enemy, and was appointed intendant of the Kaifeng-Chenxu circuit. In 1860, with Zeng Guofan's headquarters at Qimen, Yunlan joined Bao Chao in driving the rebels out of Yi and She. In 1861 he took Xiuning and was promoted to provincial surveillance commissioner of Fujian. He recovered Yi County a second time and destroyed every rebel fort. He then commanded five thousand men in the defense of Huizhou, soon shifted to Ningguo, and there, amid a raging epidemic and masses of hardened rebels, fought shoulder to shoulder with Bao Chao's Ting Corps to hold them off. In 1862 he took Jingde. In 1863 he was sent to aid Guangdong, smashed the rebel nest at Shidang in Yangshan, accepted three thousand surrenders, and at Lianzhou captured the rebel chieftain Li Fuyou.

三年，赴福建按察使任。時江、浙逸賊眾猶十餘萬，由江西入閩，蹂汀、漳二郡。運蘭率五百人趨武平，遇賊，眾寡不敵，總兵賀世楨、王明高，副將雷照雄皆戰歿；運蘭被執，罵賊，支解之。事聞，贈巡撫，予騎都尉世職，諡忠毅。武平及湖南、廣東建專祠。

In 1864 he went to Fujian to take up the post of provincial surveillance commissioner. Remnant rebel bands from Jiangsu and Zhejiang still numbered over a hundred thousand; pouring into Fujian from Jiangxi, they ravaged Tingzhou and Zhangzhou. Yunlan hurried to Wuping with five hundred men, ran into the rebels, and was hopelessly outnumbered; Brigadiers He Shizhen and Wang Minggao and Vice Commander Lei Zhaoxiong were all killed in action. Yunlan was taken alive; he cursed his captors and was hacked to pieces. On report of his death he was posthumously made governor, granted a hereditary Commandant of Cavalry, and given the posthumous name Zhongyi. Dedicated shrines were erected to him at Wuping and in Hunan and Guangdong.

唐訓方，字義渠，湖南常寧人。道光二十年舉人，大挑教諭。咸豐三年，曾國籓創水師，訓方領副右營，嗣改入陸軍。從羅澤南克蒲圻，复武昌，又從攻興國金牛堡。國籓命募常寧勇五百人統之，曰訓字營。從克田家鎮、蘄州、廣濟，拔黃梅，進軍濯港，敗悍酋羅大綱。是夕，賊謀襲大營，訓方巡營驚覺，賊退走。明日，攻孔壟街口，訓方率壯士踏肩陟高墉，諸軍乘之，遂破孔壟。

Tang Xunfang, styled Yiqu, came from Changning in Hunan. He became a provincial graduate in 1840 and, in the imperial selection, was appointed a district instructor. In 1853, when Zeng Guofan formed the river flotilla, Xunfang led the deputy right battalion and was later moved into the land forces. He followed Luo Zinan in taking Puqi and recovering Wuchang, then joined the assault on Jinniubao in Xingguo. Guofan had him raise five hundred men from Changning under his command; the unit was named the Xunzi Battalion. He took part in capturing Tianjiazhen, Qizhou, and Guangji, seized Huangmei, advanced to Zhuogang, and defeated the rebel commander Luo Dagang. That night the rebels planned a raid on the main camp; Xunfang, making his rounds, detected them in time and they fled. The next day, assaulting the entrance to Konglong Street, Xunfang led picked men up the high wall on one another's shoulders; the main force followed and took Konglong.

五年，從澤南援江西，克弋陽、興安、廣信、德興、浮梁。援義寧賊屯城外雞鳴、鳳凰二山，與城犄角。訓方逼雞鳴山下，督隊先登，賊驚潰，乘勝拔其城。從澤南援武漢，克蒲圻，進攻武昌。累擢知府，賜花翎。六年正月，率三百人夜由鮎魚套至藕塘，奪二壘，又破援賊於豹子海。會襄陽土匪高二倡亂，圍府城，巡撫胡林翼令訓方偕舒保馬隊往剿。破賊於峪山，援賊至，又敗之。進克樊城，追至呂堰驛，斬女賊宋氏。援宜昌，破賊於南漳，權襄陽知府。七年二月，川匪劉尚義犯宜城，揚言趨荊門，而使南漳賊襲府城，訓方備之，急扼武安堰，賊奔據武安城，進攻之。會都統巴揚阿來招降，訓方進剿高二於璩灣，乘雪夜進攻，擒之；而巴揚阿所撫賊复叛，掠鄖、房、保山、竹山、竹谿、保康、興山。訓方會陝西軍連破之武當山金頂，斬其渠，餘賊降。襄郡悉定。先以克武漢論功以道員記名，至是加按察使銜，授湖北督糧道。

In 1855 he followed Zinan to Jiangxi and took Yiyang, Xing'an, Guangxin, Dexing, and Fuliang. In the relief of Yining, rebels held Jiming and Fenghuang hills outside the walls in mutual support with the garrison. Xunfang pressed the foot of Jiming Hill, drove his men to scale first, routed the startled garrison, and pressed on to take the city. He followed Zinan to the relief of Wuhan, took Puqi again, and pressed the attack on Wuchang. He rose step by step to prefect and was awarded the peacock feather. In the first month of 1856 he led three hundred men by night from Nianyu Bay to Lotus Pond, took two stockades, and routed relief forces at Baozihai. When the Xiangyang bandit Gao Er rebelled and besieged the prefectural seat, Governor Hu Linyi sent Xunfang with Shu Bao's cavalry to put them down. He routed them at Yushan; when reinforcements came up, he beat them again. He took Fancheng, pursued the enemy to Luyan Post, and slew the rebel woman Song. He marched to relieve Yichang, defeated the enemy at Nanzhang, and served as acting prefect of Xiangyang. In the second month of 1857, Sichuan rebels under Liu Shangyi attacked Yicheng, claiming they would march on Jingmen while Nanzhang rebels struck the prefectural seat; Xunfang made ready, seized Wu'an Weir, and when the enemy fell back into Wu'an city, pressed the attack. Commander Bayang'a then arrived to negotiate surrenders; Xunfang pressed Gao Er at Quwan, attacked on a snowy night, and took him prisoner. Rebels whom Bayang'a had brought over then rose again, ravaging Yun, Fang, Baoshan, Zhushan, Zhuxi, Baokang, and Xingshan. Xunfang, with Shaanxi troops, repeatedly defeated them at the Golden Summit on Wudang Mountain, killed their leader, and the rest surrendered. The whole Xiangyang region was brought to order. He had already been entered on the list for circuit commissioner for his part in recovering Wuhan; now he received the brevet rank of provincial surveillance commissioner and was made grain intendant of Hubei.

陳玉成合捻匪犯蘄、黃，訓方自襄陽赴援，連戰敗賊，進屯張家塝。胡林翼令於蘄州境內建碉卡，訓方以二千人守之，賊迭來攻，皆擊退，賜號奇齊葉勒特依巴圖魯。調援臨淮。尋以李續賓軍覆三河，回防湖北，屯陳德園。九年，會攻太湖，賊圍鮑超於小池驛，多隆阿不能救，令訓方移軍近鮑營為接應。甫至，築壘未就，為賊所乘，乃退屯新倉。十年，解軍事，赴糧道任。未幾，連擢湖北布政使。十一年，胡林翼駐軍英山，病甚。賊上犯黃州，抵灄口，武昌震動，訛言繁興。訓方處以鎮靜，誅亂民數人，人心始定。灄口賊亦擊退。

Chen Yucheng joined Nian rebels in attacking Qizhou and Huangzhou; Xunfang hurried from Xiangyang, won a string of victories, and encamped at Zhangjiabang. Hu Linyi ordered fortified posts built in Qizhou; Xunfang held them with two thousand men and beat back repeated assaults; he was awarded the Manchu title Qiqiyeleteyi Batulu. He was reassigned to relieve Linhuai. When Li Xubin's army was wiped out at Sanhe, he returned to defend Hubei and encamped at Chendeyuan. In 1859, during the joint assault on Taihu, rebels besieged Bao Chao at Xiaochi Post; Duolong'a could not relieve him and ordered Xunfang to move up near Bao's camp as support. He had barely arrived when his fortifications were still unfinished and the enemy struck; he fell back to Xincang. In 1860 he left the field and took up his post as grain intendant. He was soon promoted to provincial administration commissioner of Hubei. In 1861 Hu Linyi lay gravely ill with his headquarters at Yingshan. Rebels pushed up into Huangzhou and reached Zhuankou; Wuchang was thrown into alarm and rumors spread wildly. Xunfang kept his composure, executed several agitators, and public order was restored. The rebels at Zhuankou were driven off as well.

同治元年，安徽巡撫李續宜因母喪奪情，請假回籍，舉訓方自代，命暫行署理。苗沛霖反側久，遂叛，安徽諸軍皆不能制。二年，僧格林沁大軍至，始平之。撫循降圩，收其兵械，奏移鳳臺，治下蔡雉河集，增立渦陽縣。都統富明阿奏劾訓方，降調。三年，署湖北按察使，尋署巡撫，授直隸布政使，兼統練軍出省防剿。七年，西捻平。請開缺省墓。光緒三年，卒於家。湖北請祀名宦祠。

In 1862, when Anhui Governor Li Xuyi was released from mourning and went home on leave, he recommended Xunfang as his replacement, and Xunfang was ordered to serve as acting governor. Miao Peilin, long unreliable, finally rebelled, and none of the Anhui forces could bring him to heel. In 1863 Sengge Rinchen's main force arrived and at last suppressed him. He pacified surrendered stockades, collected their weapons, memorialized to relocate Fengtai, administer Xiaheji at Xiacai, and create the new county of Woyang. Commander Fuming'a impeached Xunfang, and he was demoted and transferred. In 1864 he served as acting provincial surveillance commissioner of Hubei, soon as acting governor, then was appointed provincial administration commissioner of Zhili and led the trained troops on campaign beyond the province. In 1868 the western Nian rebels were suppressed. He asked to resign and return home to tend his family's graves. He died at home in 1877. Hubei petitioned for his enshrinement in the hall of distinguished officials.

蔣凝學，字之純，湖南湘鄉人。咸豐初，在籍治鄉團。五年，從羅澤南克武昌，獎國子監典簿。六年，率湘左兩營從巡撫胡林翼攻武昌。屯賽湖堤，引江水入湖，合長圍，進薄城下，平賊壘十餘。武昌复，論功擢知縣。從克黃州、大冶、興國，逼九江。七年，分統三營屯北岸陸家嘴，攻小池口，屢戰皆捷。都興阿檄攻童司簰。童司簰背江據湖，通黃梅要隘，賊五六萬踞之。至則賊數搏戰，凝學堅持不退。尋陳玉成來援，眾議退兵，凝學曰：「童司簰不克，水師往來失所據，九江之師亦掣肘，勢所必爭。」請增兵千人，宵濟合水師，連日鏖戰，破之，平賊壘數十，進克黃梅，擢同知。八年，會攻九江府城。凝學穴地道迤東而南，地雷發，壞城垣百餘丈，從缺口入，殲賊甚眾，擢知府，賜花翎。連复麻城、黃安，擢道員。

Jiang Ningxue, styled Zhichun, came from Xiangxiang in Hunan. Early in the Xianfeng reign he organized local defense forces in his home district. In 1855 he followed Luo Zinan in taking Wuchang and was rewarded with a post in the Imperial Academy. In 1856 he led two battalions under Governor Hu Linyi in the assault on Wuchang. He encamped on the Saihu dike, diverted the river into the lake, joined the long siege line, pressed up to the walls, and destroyed more than ten rebel camps. When Wuchang fell, he was promoted to county magistrate for his service. He took part in capturing Huangzhou, Daye, and Xingguo and pressed the attack on Jiujiang. In 1857 he commanded three battalions on the north bank at Lujiazui, attacked Xiaochikou, and won victory after victory. Duxing'a ordered an assault on Tongsipai. Tongsipai stood with the river at its back and the lake before it, commanding the Huangmei pass; fifty or sixty thousand rebels held it. On arrival the enemy fought again and again; Ningxue held his ground and refused to pull back. When Chen Yucheng came to their aid, many urged retreat; Ningxue said, "Unless we take Tongsipai, the fleet will have no secure base and the Jiujiang campaign will be crippled—we must fight for this place." He asked for another thousand men, crossed by night to join the fleet, fought day after day, broke the enemy, destroyed dozens of camps, took Huangmei, and was promoted to subprefect. In 1858 he joined the assault on Jiujiang. Ningxue drove a mine tunnel east and then south; the blast breached more than a hundred zhang of wall; he poured through the gap and slaughtered a great many defenders; he was promoted to prefect and awarded the peacock feather. He recovered Macheng and Huang'an in turn and was promoted to circuit commissioner.

十月，李續賓三河軍覆，官文檄凝學間道遏剿。會多隆阿、鮑超擊賊於宿松花亭子，破之。賊退太湖、潛山，凝學駐防荊橋。九年，移屯黃州羅田，會攻太湖。十二月，陳玉成大舉來援，凝學移軍龍家涼亭，與鮑超小池驛之軍為犄角，留四營遏太湖東門，城賊出，擊退之。十年正月，鮑營被圍急，凝學進援，甫拔營，賊大隊來抄，凝學揮軍截擊，多隆阿率馬隊應之，戰竟日，擒斬二千餘。乘勝攻羅山，衝賊壘，諸軍合擊，賊大潰，加鹽運使銜。十一年，陳玉成復犯湖北，凝學回援武昌縣，敗賊赤壁山下，復其城。會總兵成大吉等攻黃州數月不下，詔降賊目劉維楨，复蘄州，選出眾五百人為忠義營，使維楨詐稱援軍，誘城賊出，擊之，遂克黃州，以道員記名，加布政使銜。

In the tenth month, when Li Xubin's army was destroyed at Sanhe, Guanwen ordered Ningxue to move by a side route and block the enemy. Duolong'a and Bao Chao met the enemy at Songtingzi in Suzhou and routed them. The rebels fell back toward Taihu and Qianshan; Ningxue garrisoned Jingqiao. In 1859 he moved to Luotian in Huangzhou and joined the assault on Taihu. In the twelfth month Chen Yucheng marched up in force; Ningxue shifted to Longjialiangting to support Bao Chao at Xiaochi Post, left four battalions to hold Taihu's east gate, and beat back a sortie from the city. In the first month of 1860 Bao's camp was hard pressed; Ningxue marched to relieve him; as he was breaking camp a large enemy column tried to cut him off; Ningxue turned to intercept, Duolong'a brought up cavalry, and after a full day's fighting they killed or captured more than two thousand. Pressing the advantage, he stormed Luoshan, smashed the enemy camps in a combined assault, and routed them completely; he received the brevet rank of salt transport commissioner. In 1861 Chen Yucheng invaded Hubei again; Ningxue hurried back to Wuchang County, routed the enemy below Red Cliff Hill, and recovered the city. Brigadier Cheng Daji had besieged Huangzhou for months without success; the court accepted the defection of rebel leader Liu Weizhen; Qizhou was recovered; Ningxue formed a Loyalty Battalion of five hundred picked men and had Weizhen pose as reinforcements to draw the garrison out; Huangzhou then fell; he was entered on the list for circuit commissioner and granted the brevet rank of provincial administration commissioner.

苗沛霖叛，陷壽州，凝學進屯六安，克霍丘，增募水陸軍。苗黨姚有志、潘塏等乞降，各圩多反正，授甘肅安肅道。同治元年，移屯潁州。二年，粵匪李世賢北竄，凝學移軍舒城，擊敗之，又追敗之六安，賊引去。苗沛霖复圍壽州，凝學回援，破賊於牛尾岡。壽州尋陷，凝學坐救援不力，褫布政使銜，仍駐防潁州。會僧格林沁督師剿沛霖，凝學克霍丘各圩，水師分駐三河尖、臨淮關，進破黃梁集，克潁上，收附近城各圩，斬賊黨苗呆和、苗呆花，复懷遠。沛霖勢日蹙，遂走死。

When Miao Peilin rebelled and took Shouzhou, Ningxue advanced to Lu'an, took Huoqiu, and raised additional land and river troops. Miao followers Yao Youzhi, Pan Kai, and others offered to surrender; many stockades came back over; he was appointed intendant of the Ansu circuit in Gansu. In 1862 he moved his headquarters to Yingzhou. In 1863 the Guangdong rebel Li Shixian broke north; Ningxue moved to Shucheng, beat him off, pursued him to Lu'an and defeated him again, and the enemy withdrew. When Miao Peilin besieged Shouzhou again, Ningxue marched back and routed the enemy at Niuyigang. Shouzhou soon fell; Ningxue was blamed for failing to relieve it, stripped of his brevet provincial administration commissioner rank, and remained at Yingzhou. When Sengge Rinchen took command against Peilin, Ningxue cleared the stockades around Huoqiu; the fleet held Sanhejian and Linhuaiguan; he stormed Huangliangji, took Yingshang, brought in the surrounding stockades, killed Miao partisans Miao Daihe and Miao Daihua, and recovered Huaiyuan. Peilin's position collapsed; he fled and died.

三年，粵匪陳得才等糾眾三十萬自陝西回竄，圖救江寧。凝學屯英山，遏賊金家鋪，敗之。賊復自麻城犯霍山，凝學退石家嘴，與按察使英翰相犄角，伺賊過狙擊，殪千餘人，拔出難民數千。英山解嚴，复布政使銜。進援湖北，收復羅田、蘄水、麻城三縣，解蔡家河圍。賊复竄安徽，凝學躡追，沿途襲擊，繞出賊前，遏之霍山長嶺庵。路險，賊不虞兵猝至，多墜澗死，降者三四萬，賊首陳得才仰藥死。簡降眾為步隊五營、馬隊三營，餘悉遣散。

In 1864 Chen Decai and other Guangdong rebels gathered three hundred thousand men fleeing back from Shaanxi, aiming to relieve Nanjing. Ningxue held Yingshan, blocked the enemy at Jinjiapu, and routed them. The enemy struck Huoshan again from Macheng; Ningxue fell back to Shijiazui and, in concert with Provincial Surveillance Commissioner Ying Han, ambushed them as they passed, killing more than a thousand and rescuing several thousand civilians. The emergency at Yingshan ended, and his brevet provincial administration commissioner rank was restored. He marched into Hubei, recovered Luotian, Qishui, and Macheng, and lifted the siege of Caijiahe. The rebels fled back into Anhui; Ningxue pursued hard, harried them along the way, got ahead of them, and blocked them at Changling'an in Huoshan. On the narrow road the enemy was caught unawares; many plunged into ravines and died; thirty or forty thousand surrendered; rebel chief Chen Decai took poison and died. He organized the surrendered men into five infantry battalions and three cavalry battalions and discharged the rest.

是年冬，陝甘總督楊岳斌奏調凝學赴甘肅，行次樊城，會霆軍譁變。凝學所部亦以欠餉不靖，請於巡撫鄭敦謹，借款資遣湘左八營，留忠義營於湖北，自請回籍養病。命兩月假滿仍赴甘肅。五年，募湘勇二千，號安字營。至西安，巡撫劉蓉奏請凝學屯涇州，兼顧關隴。六月，敗回匪於華亭，與提督雷正綰、總兵張在山等約夾擊，深入被圍，士卒死傷七百餘人，總兵周太和、周清貴，副將黃德太等均歿於陣。凝學潰圍出，屯平涼，轉戰而前，至省城，署蘭州道。六年八月，回匪犯蘭州，守城兵僅凝學所部千餘人，登陴固守，屢出奇兵焚賊壘，賊尋退，以按察使記名。八年，署按察使。九年，复署蘭州道，擢山西按察使。光緒元年，遷陝西布政使。四年，以病解官，未行而卒。賜卹，贈內閣學士。

That winter Governor Yang Yuebin of Shaanxi and Gansu requested Ningxue's transfer to Gansu; at Fancheng he ran into the mutiny of Bao Chao's Ting Corps. His own troops were restless for lack of pay; he borrowed from Governor Zheng Dunjin to pay off and dismiss the eight Xiangzuo battalions, left the Loyalty Battalion in Hubei, and asked to go home to recover his health. He was ordered to proceed to Gansu when his two months' leave ended. In 1866 he raised two thousand Hunan troops as the Anzi Battalion. At Xi'an, Governor Liu Rong asked that Ningxue garrison Jingzhou and cover the Guanlong region. In the sixth month he defeated Muslim rebels at Huating; in a planned pincer with Provincial Commander Lei Zhengwan and Brigadier Zhang Zaishan he pushed too far and was surrounded; more than seven hundred of his men were killed or wounded; Brigadiers Zhou Taihe and Zhou Qinggui and Vice Commander Huang Detai were among the dead. Ningxue broke out, encamped at Pingliang, fought his way forward to the provincial capital, and served as acting intendant of Lanzhou. In the eighth month of 1867 Muslim rebels attacked Lanzhou; only a little over a thousand of Ningxue's men held the walls; he mounted a stubborn defense, repeatedly sallied to burn enemy camps, drove them off, and was placed on the list for provincial surveillance commissioner. In 1869 he served as acting provincial surveillance commissioner. In 1870 he again served as acting intendant of Lanzhou and was promoted to provincial surveillance commissioner of Shanxi. In 1875 he was transferred to provincial administration commissioner of Shaanxi. In 1878 he resigned on grounds of illness and died before he could leave. Mourning honors were granted, and he was posthumously made a grand secretary of the Inner Court.

陳湜，字舫仙，湖南湘鄉人。咸豐六年，曾國荃赴援江西，招湜襄軍事，從克安福、萬安。七年，進圍吉安。國荃奔喪去軍，湜代領其眾。尋以父憂歸。八年，從蔣益澧援廣西，克平樂。賊趨桂林，湜率四營遏之於大灣車埠，敗之，乘勝劃蘇橋壘。從攻柳州，克潯州。九年，石達開圍寶慶，湜募千人出祁陽赴援，與李續宜夾擊破之。十年，曾國荃圍安慶，使湜總軍事。湜規地形，請堨樅陽口蓄水阻援賊，力扼集賢關，從之。賊酋陳玉成來援，阻水，趨集賢關，擊破之。十一年，克安慶，自是獨領一軍。循江而東，會克諸城隘，累擢至道員。

Chen Shi, styled Fangxian, came from Xiangxiang in Hunan. In 1856 Zeng Guoquan marched to aid Jiangxi, brought Shi into his staff, and took Anfu and Wan'an. In 1857 he pressed the siege of Ji'an. When Guoquan went home for his father's mourning, Shi took command of his troops. He soon went home to mourn his father. In 1858 he followed Jiang Yili to Guangxi and took Pingle. When the rebels moved on Guilin, Shi led four battalions to stop them at Dawanchebu, routed them, and pressed on to destroy the fort at Suqiao. He joined the assault on Liuzhou and took Xunzhou. In 1859, when Shi Dakai besieged Baoqing, Shi raised a thousand men from Qiyang, joined Li Xuyi in a converging attack, and broke the siege. In 1860, when Zeng Guoquan besieged Anqing, he put Shi in charge of the campaign. Shi studied the ground and proposed damming Zongyang Mouth to flood the approaches and block relief columns while holding Jixian Pass hard; his plan was adopted. When rebel chief Chen Yucheng came to relieve the city, the flooded ground blocked him; he turned toward Jixian Pass and was beaten off. In 1861 Anqing fell, and from then on he commanded his own army. He marched downriver, helped take town after town along the way, and rose by stages to circuit commissioner.

同治元年，從國荃攻江寧，建議先並力九洑洲，斷江北接濟，先後會諸軍擊走李秀成、李世賢援眾。二年，城圍合，湜當西路，克江東橋、七甕橋、紫金山諸隘，賜號著勇巴圖魯。三年六月，克江寧，湜入旱西門，遇李秀成率死黨出走，逆擊反奔，尋為他軍所擒，以按察使記名。

In 1862 he followed Guoquan in the assault on Nanjing, urged that they first concentrate on Jiufu Isle to sever supplies from north of the river, and helped drive off the relief columns of Li Xiucheng and Li Shixian. In 1863 the ring closed; Shi held the west, took Jiangdong Bridge, Qiweng Bridge, Purple Mountain, and other passes, and was awarded the Manchu title Zhuoyong Batulu. In the sixth month of 1864 Nanjing fell; Shi entered Hanxi Gate, met Li Xiucheng fleeing with his hard core, turned and drove them back, and Li was soon taken by another column; Shi was placed on the list for provincial surveillance commissioner.

四年，授陝西按察使，調山西。捻匪方熾，陳籌防五策，建水師於龍門、砥柱間。五年，捻酋張總愚謀渡渭，湜令水師焚三河口浮橋，督民團備渭北，賊不得逞。六年，命湜駐汾州，節制文武。冬，總愚乘河冰合，竄入山西，七年春，犯畿輔。湜以疏防褫職，譴戍新疆，巡撫鄭敦謹疏請留防。冬，陝回將乘隙渡河，屢擊走之，詔免發遣。

In 1865 he was appointed provincial surveillance commissioner of Shaanxi and transferred to Shanxi. With the Nian rebels at their height, he submitted five defensive plans and proposed a river flotilla between Longmen and Dizhu. In 1866 the Nian chief Zhang Zongyu tried to cross the Wei; Shi had the fleet burn the pontoon at Sanhekou, organized militia north of the Wei, and blocked the crossing. In 1867 he was ordered to garrison Fenzhou with authority over civil and military officials. That winter Zongyu crossed the frozen river into Shanxi; in the spring of 1868 he struck the capital region. He was dismissed for negligent defense and ordered to Xinjiang; Governor Zheng Dunjin asked that he be kept on defensive duty. That winter Shaanxi Muslim forces tried to cross the river; he beat them back repeatedly, and an edict spared him exile.

左宗棠西征，檄湜率五營出固原，斷漢伯堡賊南趨河州之道，殲餘彥祿餘黨於羅家嶮。九年，金積堡平，復原官。十年，進規河州，宗棠令湜盡護諸將渡洮進攻。連克陳家山、楊家山、董家山諸回堡，逼攻太子寺老巢，破其外壕。十一年，提督傅先宗等戰歿，賊乘勝來攻。湜陽置酒高會，密令總兵沈玉遂急搗之，馬占鼇窮蹙乞降，縛悍酋狗齒牙子等以獻。河州平。十二年，叛酋馬桂源、馬本源踞巴燕戎格，湜率軍進討，二酋敗遁。湜善視其孥，遂因佔鼇來降，數其罪誅之，並斬馬五麻諸悍目，賜號奇車伯巴圖魯。四月，逾河收循化。循化撒拉回素獷悍，恃險擾邊。湜深入其阻，群回縛悍目馬十八、沈五十七等二十餘人獻軍前，繳械受約束。湜規地勢，修城設官，分營扼駐，與西寧、碾伯、河州聲息相通焉。尋謝軍事回籍。

On Zuo Zongtang's western campaign, Shi led five battalions from Guyuan to block the road south from Hanbobao toward Hezhou and wiped out Yu Yanlu's remnant band at Luojiaxian. In 1870 Jinjibao fell and his former rank was restored. In 1871, in the advance on Hezhou, Zongtang had Shi escort the generals across the Tao for the attack. He took the Muslim forts at Chenjiashan, Yangjiashan, and Dongjiashan in turn, pressed Taizisi, and breached its outer defenses. In 1872 Provincial Commander Fu Xianzong and others were killed, and the enemy pressed the attack. Shi gave a lavish banquet while secretly ordering Brigadier Shen Yusui to strike; Ma Zhan'ao, cornered, surrendered and sent the fierce chief Gou Chiya and others bound as captives. Hezhou was pacified. In 1873 rebel chiefs Ma Guiyuan and Ma Benyuan held Bayan Rongge; Shi advanced against them and they were beaten and fled. He treated their families well; when Zhan'ao surrendered he listed their crimes and executed them, beheaded fierce leaders including Ma Wuma, and was awarded the Manchu title Qichebo Batulu. In the fourth month he crossed the river and recovered Xunhua. The Salar Muslims of Xunhua were notoriously fierce and used the terrain to raid the frontier. He penetrated their strongholds; the communities bound fierce leaders Ma Shiba, Shen Wushiqi, and more than twenty others and brought them in, surrendering arms and accepting terms. He surveyed the ground, rebuilt walls, posted officials, garrisoned key points, and linked communications with Xining, Nianbo, and Hezhou. He soon left the army and returned home.

光緒八年，兩江總督曾國荃奏調統水陸諸軍，兼治海防，駐軍吳淞。以私行遊宴被劾歸。十二年，復出統南洋兵輪，總湘、淮諸軍營務，授江蘇按察使。二十年，遼東兵事起，詔集舊部防山海關，移屯關外鞍山站。二十一年春，進駐大高嶺，遣將援遼陽。和議成，擢江西布政使。命剿甘肅叛回，未行，复駐山海關。二十二年，卒，贈太子少保。

In 1882 Governor-General Zeng Guoquan requested his transfer to command land and naval forces and coastal defense, with headquarters at Wusong. He was impeached and sent home for unauthorized pleasure outings. In 1886 he again took command of the southern steam fleet and Hunan-Huai army affairs and was appointed provincial surveillance commissioner of Jiangsu. In 1894, when war broke out in Liaodong, he was ordered to gather his old troops at Shanhaiguan and moved to Anshan Station beyond the pass. In the spring of 1895 he advanced to Dagao Ridge and sent generals to relieve Liaoyang. After peace was concluded he was promoted to provincial administration commissioner of Jiangxi. He was ordered to suppress rebel Muslims in Gansu but was again posted to Shanhaiguan before he could leave. In 1896 he died and was posthumously made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent.

湜從曾國荃最久，後屢蹶，仕久不進。世稱為宿將，光緒中，命繪中興功臣於紫光閣，徵集諸將之像，湜與焉。

Shi had served Zeng Guoquan longer than anyone, but later suffered repeated setbacks and advanced slowly despite long service. He was known as a veteran commander; in the Guangxu era, when portraits of restoration heroes were painted in the Hall of Purple Splendor, his was included.

李元度，字次青，湖南平江人。以舉人官黔陽教諭。曾國籓在籍治團練，元度上書數千言言兵事，國籓壯之，招入幕。咸豐五年，國籓移軍江西，令元度募勇三千屯湖口。六年，移屯撫州，偕江軍林源恩合防。與賊相持久之，餉絀，分軍克宜黃、崇仁；而賊自景德來援，撫州賊出攻江軍營，林源恩死之。元度突圍出，移屯貴溪，防廣信。七年，賊二萬來襲玉山，守卒僅七百人，元度迎戰，斷賊浮梁，賊以步隊綴軍，騎賊趨上游跐水渡。乃回城拒守，被攻兩晝夜，元度立埤兒間，彈中左頰。賊忽罷攻，鉦鐃雜作，知其穴地道，乃掘壕以防，伺其穿隧及壕殪之。賊技窮引去，伏兵邀擊，安仁、弋陽、廣信皆平。元度先已累擢知府，以道員記名，至是加按察使銜，賜號色爾固楞巴圖魯。八年，率所部平江軍援浙江，敗賊玉山子午口。會克常山、江山，授浙江溫處道。

Li Yuandu, styled Ciqing, came from Pingjiang in Hunan. As a provincial graduate he served as instructor of Qianyang. When Zeng Guofan organized militia at home, Yuandu sent a long memorial on military affairs; Guofan was impressed and took him onto his staff. In 1855 Guofan moved into Jiangxi and had Yuandu raise three thousand men and encamp at Hukou. In 1856 he moved to Fuzhou and joined Jiang forces under Lin Yuan'en in the defense. He held the rebels in a long stalemate; funds ran short, and he detached columns to take Yihuang and Chongren. Rebels from Jingde came to their aid, and Fuzhou rebels struck the Jiang camp; Lin Yuan'en was killed. Yuandu broke out, moved to Guixi, and held Guangxin. In 1857 twenty thousand rebels attacked Yushan; only seven hundred men held the town; Yuandu fought them, cut their pontoon at Fuliang, while infantry delayed his force and cavalry forded upstream. He fell back to defend the city; after two days and nights of assault he stood on the wall and a bullet struck his left cheek. The rebels suddenly stopped and sounded gongs and cymbals; knowing they were mining, he dug a trench, and when their tunnel reached it he killed the miners. Their tricks exhausted, they withdrew; ambush troops cut them off, and Anren, Yiyang, and Guangxin were pacified. He had already risen to prefect and been entered for circuit commissioner; now he received the brevet rank of provincial surveillance commissioner and the Manchu title Se'erguleng Batulu. In 1858 he led his Pingjiang troops to Zhejiang and defeated the enemy at Ziwukou in Yushan. He helped take Changshan and Jiangshan and was appointed intendant of the Wenzhou-Chuzhou circuit.

十年，曾國籓督師皖南，調元度安徽寧池太道，防徽州。至甫三日，賊由旌德糾合土匪散軍入績溪叢山關。遣同知童梅華、都司單綏福率千人往援，敗挫。賊趨郡城，元度退走。國籓奏劾，褫職逮治。會浙江巡撫王有齡奏調援浙，元度不待命，回籍募勇八千，號安越軍。將行，粵匪犯湖南，巡撫文格留其軍守瀏陽，偕諸軍破賊，詔賞還按察使銜，並加布政使銜。

In 1860 Zeng Guofan directed operations in southern Anhui and transferred Yuandu to the Ningchi-Taizhou intendant post to defend Huizhou. He had been there only three days when rebels from Jingde, with local bandits and scattered troops, entered Congshan Pass in Jixi. He sent Subprefect Tong Meihua and Commander Shan Suifu with a thousand men; they were beaten. The rebels marched on the prefectural seat and Yuandu fell back. Guofan impeached him, stripped his rank, and ordered his arrest. When Governor Wang Youqin of Zhejiang requested him for the relief of Zhejiang, Yuandu did not wait for orders, went home, raised eight thousand men as the Anyue Army. As he was about to march, Guangdong rebels entered Hunan; Governor Wenge kept his troops at Liuyang; with other forces he defeated the rebels; an edict restored his brevet provincial surveillance commissioner rank and added brevet provincial administration commissioner.

會杭州陷，王有齡死，詔左宗棠代之。元度率軍入浙，與李定太守衢州，授浙江鹽運使，署布政使。國籓以元度罪未定，不聽勘遽回籍，复劾革職，交左宗棠差遣。言官再論劾，命國籓、宗棠按治。國籓奏：「徽州之失，元度甫至，情有可原。」宗棠疏言：「杭州失陷，非因其逗留所致。惟落職後求去索餉，不顧大局。」論遣戍。沈葆楨、李鴻章、彭玉麟、鮑超等交章薦其才，代繳台費，免罪歸。同治初，貴州巡撫張亮基奏起剿教匪，以功復原官，擢雲南按察使。光緒八年，丁母憂。服闋，補貴州按察使，遷布政使。十三年，卒於官。

When Hangzhou fell and Wang Youqin died, Zuo Zongtang was appointed in his place. Yuandu marched into Zhejiang, joined Li Ding in holding Quzhou, was made salt transport commissioner of Zhejiang, and served as acting provincial administration commissioner. Guofan, holding that Yuandu's case was unsettled, objected to his leaving for home, impeached him again, stripped his rank, and placed him under Zuo Zongtang's orders. Censors attacked him again; Guofan and Zongtang were ordered to investigate. Guofan wrote: "In the loss of Huizhou, Yuandu had only just arrived; that may be excused." Zongtang wrote: "Hangzhou did not fall because he lingered. But after losing office he demanded pay and tried to leave without regard to the larger situation." He was sentenced to exile. Shen Baozhen, Li Hongzhang, Peng Yulin, Bao Chao, and others recommended him and paid his Taiwan fee; he was pardoned and returned. Early in Tongzhi, Guizhou Governor Zhang Liangji recalled him to fight sect rebels; by merit his rank was restored and he was promoted to provincial surveillance commissioner of Yunnan. In 1882 he went into mourning for his mother. After mourning he was appointed provincial surveillance commissioner of Guizhou and then provincial administration commissioner. In 1887 he died in office.

元度擅文章，好言兵，然自將屢僨事。所著先正事略、天嶽山館文集，並行世。

Yuandu was a gifted writer and fond of military theory, yet as a field commander he often failed. His works Records of Former Worthies and Collected Writings from the Tianyue Mountain Studio both circulated widely.

論曰：蕭啟江、張運蘭功在江西，在湘軍中資勞最深，中道而殞，故卹典特隆。唐訓方、蔣凝學轉戰功多，舊部散亡，再出遂不競。陳湜、李元度皆躓而復起。元度文學之士，所行不逮其言，軍中猶以宿望推之爾。

The appraisal says: Xiao Qijiang and Zhang Yunlan won their fame in Jiangxi; among Hunan troops their seniority was greatest; they died young, and so mourning honors were especially generous. Tang Xunfang and Jiang Ningxue fought many successful campaigns, but once their old troops were gone they could not match their earlier record. Chen Shi and Li Yuandu both fell and rose again. Yuandu was a literary man whose deeds fell short of his words, yet the army still respected his long service.

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