Volume 456 Biographies 243: Ma Rulong, He Yaoceng, Yang Yuke, Li Weishu, Cai Biao, Duan Ruimei, Xia Yuxiu, He Xiulin, Yang Guofa, Zhang Baohe

馬如龍，雲南建水人，本名現，回中世族。以勇聞。咸豐間，滇回俶擾，如龍以武生起澂江，自立為偽帥。時杜文秀僭號大理，如龍遣使與通，授以偽職，不受，始有郄。遂據有新興、昆陽、晉寧、呈貢、嵩明、羅次、易門、富民，入寇省城，勢駸盛。同治元年，巡撫徐之銘复主撫議，提督林自清臨陣宣播朝威，招之歸款，如龍自稱三世效忠，願反正。岑毓英單騎往諭，如龍益心折，與盟南門外，悉反侵地。朝旨破格授如龍總兵，楊振鵬等分署六營武職。

Ma Rulong, a native of Jianshui in Yunnan, was originally named Xian and belonged to a prominent Hui family. He won renown for his valor. During the Xianfeng era, as the Hui of Yunnan erupted in rebellion, Rulong entered service at Chengjiang through the military examination and proclaimed himself a rebel commander. Du Wenxiu had meanwhile declared himself ruler at Dali. Rulong sent envoys to open relations, but when Wenxiu offered him a rebel post he refused, and the two men first fell out. He went on to seize Xinxing, Kunyang, Jinning, Chenggong, Songming, Luoci, Yimen, and Fumin, marched against the provincial capital, and his power swelled steadily. In the first year of Tongzhi, Governor Xu Zhiming revived the policy of conciliation. Regional Commander Lin Ziqing went to the front to proclaim imperial authority and invite surrender. Rulong declared that his family had served loyally for three generations and that he wished to return to the fold. Cen Yuying rode out alone to reason with him. Rulong was thoroughly impressed, swore an alliance with him outside the south gate, and restored every inch of occupied land. The court broke precedent by appointing Rulong regional commander and assigning Yang Zhenpeng and others to the six battalion commands.

是時，臨安獨撓撫局，如龍怒，率師鼓行而南，戰失利，署臨元參將梁士美奪其旗鼓，如龍被創，僕，左右負以奔。總督潘鐸嚴檄其撤兵，如龍阻於士美軍，弗能達。明年，授鶴麗鎮。會回弁馬榮據省城，鐸被害。如龍聞警，即致書士美，約共釋私仇，雪公憤，士美許諾，期相見臨安城下。如龍貽士美洋槍，士美亦選勁勇助如龍。如龍乃星夜旋軍，與毓英共擊之，斬馬士麟、馬有才於陣，榮宵遁，遂代自清署提督。武定陷，如龍遣參將馬青雲等馳援，守備夏毓秀先登，克之，連复十餘城。文秀聞而忌之，致書馬德新，痛斥如龍自殊同教。如龍亦遍馳書迤西回民，歷數文秀狂悖及德新不諳大義，勸勿為所惑。德新入省，申割地媾和議，如龍力止之，事遂寢。其秋，攻克尋甸，擒馬榮，解省伏誅。毓英攻曲靖，回懼，願執馬聯昇以獻，乞貸死，如龍馳至軍前，力為請命，許之，剖榮屍祭鐸。迤東平，詔加提督銜，賜號效勇巴圖魯。

Lin'an alone was then thwarting pacification. Enraged, Rulong marched south at the drumbeat, but was defeated. Acting Deputy Commander Liang Shimei of Lin-Yuan seized his banners and drums. Rulong was wounded, fell from his horse, and his men carried him from the field. Governor-General Pan Duo issued a stern order to withdraw, but Rulong was hemmed in by Shimei's forces and could not obey. The next year he was appointed commander of the He-Li garrison. Meanwhile the Hui officer Ma Rong seized the provincial capital and Pan Duo was murdered. Hearing the news, Rulong wrote at once to Shimei proposing that they lay aside their private feud and avenge the governor. Shimei agreed, and they arranged to meet below the walls of Lin'an. Rulong gave Shimei Western rifles, and Shimei in turn sent picked fighters to reinforce him. Rulong marched back by forced night marches and, joining Yuying, struck the rebels. Ma Shilin and Ma Youcai were slain in battle, while Rong fled under cover of darkness. Rulong then served as acting regional commander in Lin Ziqing's place. When Wuding fell, Rulong sent Deputy Commander Ma Qingyun and others to its relief. Garrison Commander Xia Yuxiu was first over the wall and took the city, and more than ten towns were recovered in succession. Wenxiu, hearing of this, grew resentful and wrote to Ma Dexin, bitterly denouncing Rulong for betraying their co-religionists. Rulong in turn sent letters throughout western Yunnan to the Hui communities, listing Wenxiu's reckless defiance and Dexin's failure to grasp the larger cause, and urging them not to be deceived. When Dexin entered the province he proposed a peace based on territorial concessions. Rulong blocked it firmly, and the proposal came to nothing. That autumn they took Xundian, captured Ma Rong, and sent him to the provincial capital for execution. As Yuying besieged Qujing the Hui grew fearful and offered to deliver Ma Liansheng in return for their lives. Rulong rode to the front and pleaded earnestly for them. The court consented, and Rong's body was cut apart as an offering to Pan Duo. With eastern Yunnan pacified, he was promoted to regional commander and granted the title Xiaoyong Batulu.

五年，命主迤西軍事，圖大理。以振鵬攻賓川，副將李惟述攻鎮南，昭通鎮總兵楊盛宗取道四川攻永北，署騰越鎮田仲興攻蒙化，護普洱鎮李錦文攻威遠，並受如龍節度。六年，如龍軍次祿豐，適大理回入前場關，遣總兵哈國安、副將楊先芝大破之。振鵬性陰鷙，不甘為如龍下，至是聞勞崇光卒，叛志遂決；而國安、先芝亦懷二心，日與寇使往還，軍心乃解體。無何，楚雄、大姚相繼告警。時如龍駐定遠，軍數夜驚。群目或擁兵觀望，或臨陣先奔，或竟為寇充鄉導。如龍知勢已去，乃稱疾還省，自是文秀遂輕視如龍矣。

In the fifth year he was placed in command of operations in western Yunnan with orders to take Dali. Yang Zhenpeng attacked Binchuan, Deputy Commander Li Weishu Zhennan, Zhaotong Commander Yang Shengzong Yongbei by way of Sichuan, Acting Tengyue Commander Tian Zhongxing Menghua, and Acting Pu'er Commander Li Jinwen Weiyuan—all under Rulong's overall command. In the sixth year Rulong encamped at Lufeng. When the Dali rebels entered Qianchang Pass he sent Regional Commander Ha Guo'an and Deputy Commander Yang Xianzhi, who routed them decisively. Zhenpeng was secretive and ruthless by nature and resented serving under Rulong. When he learned of Lao Chongguang's death, his decision to rebel was made; and Guo'an and Xianzhi too wavered in loyalty, exchanging messages daily with the enemy, until the army's morale collapsed. Before long Chuxiong and Dayao sent urgent alarms in turn. Rulong was then stationed at Dingyuan, and the camp was thrown into panic night after night. Some officers held their men back to wait and see, others fled before the fighting began, and still others served the enemy as guides. Seeing that the tide had turned, Rulong pleaded illness and returned to the capital. From then on Wenxiu held him in contempt.

七年，大舉犯省城，如龍以回練不足恃，乃專倚漢兵守城，斥私財三萬金、米三千石濟軍。晨夜登陴守，擊寇梁家河，破之，寇稍卻。初，振鵬之叛也，約國安等為內應，至是國安謀刺如龍，事覺，誘誅之。先芝等頗自危，會如龍出大西門擊寇，戰方酣，先芝等遂倒戈回刃，如龍幾不免，亟馳入益兵禦守。於是馬世德、馬文照、馬葵等相率叛歸文秀，偪南城，據江右館，人心大震。適惟述、馬忠援師至，勸其與毓英協力，如龍然之，踵軍門上謁。毓英推誠慰勞，勗以報國，如龍益用命。俄而文秀遣悍黨數万出賓川，如龍分部兵二千御之。武定附省，回久閉門不戰，突出奪大虹山二壘，如龍親擊之，拔其一。毓英攻澂江，馬自新率眾往援，未至，如龍诇知之，遣馬興勤馳入鐍兮，計斬自新，外援頓絕。澂江既下，又分兵攻城外賀家村、小魚村、下普坪，並克之。

In the seventh year the rebels launched a major assault on the capital. Judging the Hui militia unreliable, Rulong relied solely on Han troops for the defense and spent thirty thousand taels of his own money and three thousand piculs of grain to supply them. Day and night he manned the walls, struck the rebels at Liangjia River and broke them, and the enemy drew back somewhat. When Zhenpeng had rebelled he had arranged for Guo'an and others to act as inside collaborators. Guo'an now plotted to assassinate Rulong, but the plot was discovered and he was lured out and killed. Xianzhi and his fellows grew fearful for themselves. As Rulong sallied from the great west gate and the fighting was at its fiercest, they turned their swords on their own side. Rulong narrowly escaped, galloped back inside, and brought up reinforcements. Ma Shide, Ma Wenzhao, Ma Kui, and others then defected en masse to Wenxiu, pressed the south wall, and seized the Jiangyou Lodge. Panic spread through the city. Relief forces under Li Weishu and Ma Zhong then arrived and urged him to cooperate with Yuying. Rulong agreed and went in person to Yuying's headquarters to pay his respects. Yuying received him with open sincerity, exhorted him to serve the dynasty, and Rulong redoubled his efforts. Soon Wenxiu sent tens of thousands of hardened fighters from Binchuan, and Rulong detached two thousand men to hold them. Wuding lay close to the capital. The Hui there had long refused battle, then suddenly sallied forth and seized two forts on Dahong Mountain. Rulong attacked in person and took one. As Yuying besieged Chengjiang, Ma Zixin marched to its relief. Before he arrived Rulong learned of it through scouts and sent Ma Xingqin in a forced march into Suoxi, where by stratagem Zixin was killed and outside relief cut off. After Chengjiang fell he sent detachments against Hejia Village, Xiaoyu Village, and Xiapuping outside the walls and took them all.

八年，與毓英攻江右館，寇轟拒，洞穿如龍甲，卒大破之。先後連克武定、羅次，更勇號法什尚阿。已而澂江再陷，城外寇勢复熾。毓英攻城南巨壘，如龍方臥病，聞槍砲聲，力疾赴前敵，攻克五花寺、羊神廟，乘勝偪江右館，如龍先登，彈中腹，踣地，舁之歸。毓英上聞，賜內府丹藥，予實授。復與毓英分軍攻安寧各隘，扼寇歸路。群回益蹙，其酋段成功、蔡廷棟先獻款。如龍扶病出城，與毓英嚴兵以待，成功等率五千人伏地請罪，南關告寧，遣兵攻克西壩。時毓英克江右館，俘虜多，如龍躬詣寇營，勒回自相斬獻，省城圍始解。餘匪併入土堆。師攻昆陽亟，回酋赴省乞撫。振鵬畏誅，猶嵎負。如龍渡滇池至，遣將執悍目馬似良，陰散其枝黨。聲某日還，振鵬出送，捕治之，昆陽平。毓英攻土堆，如龍率師來會，縱火攻之，省城外遂無遺寇。

In the eighth year he and Yuying attacked the Jiangyou Lodge. Rebel cannon fire pierced Rulong's armor, yet in the end the rebels were routed. They captured Wuding and Luoci in turn, and he was granted the enhanced title Fashishang'a. Before long Chengjiang fell again and rebel strength outside the walls surged anew. Yuying attacked the great fort south of the city. Rulong lay ill in bed, but at the sound of gunfire he dragged himself to the front, took Wuhua Temple and Yangshen Shrine, and pressed the advantage against the Jiangyou Lodge. He was first over the wall, was shot in the belly, fell, and was carried back. Yuying reported to the throne. The court sent medicines from the imperial pharmacy and confirmed his appointment in substantive rank. He and Yuying again divided their forces to seize the passes of Anning and cut the rebels' retreat. The Hui forces grew desperate. Their chiefs Duan Chenggong and Cai Tingdong were the first to surrender. Rulong, still ill, went out with Yuying and drew up strict formations to receive them. Chenggong and the others led five thousand men to prostrate themselves and beg pardon. The south gate was secured, and troops were sent to take Xiba. Yuying had taken the Jiangyou Lodge with many prisoners. Rulong went in person to the rebel camps and compelled the Hui to kill one another and present the heads. Only then was the siege of the capital lifted. The remaining rebels gathered at Tudui. As the army pressed Kunyang hard, Hui chiefs came to the capital to sue for peace. Zhenpeng, fearing execution, still held out defiantly. Rulong crossed Dianchi Lake, sent an officer to seize the fierce sub-chief Ma Siliang, and secretly broke up his faction. He announced a date for his return. Zhenpeng came out to see him off and was seized. Kunyang was pacified. Yuying attacked Tudui. Rulong brought his army to join him and assaulted it with fire. No rebels remained outside the capital.

九年，如龍出督新興軍，田仲興戰死，如龍亦被創，斷東溝困之，拔其城，遂統全軍赴河西擊東溝。溝分大小二寨，哈國治、馬成林分居之，並背山面田，勢險奧。逾歲，先攻小東溝，盡選河西壯勇助擊。回懼，縛國治乞降，受而誅之。進取大東溝，如龍陷陣，為槍所中，創甚，越三月小差。直抵龍門村，奮擊破之。全滇底定，賞黃馬褂。十三年，調湖南。光緒四年，創發，乞歸。

In the ninth year Rulong took command of operations at Xinxing. Tian Zhongxing was killed in battle and Rulong was wounded. He cut off Donggou, besieged it, and took the town, then led the full army to Hexi to attack Donggou. The gully was divided into large and small stockades held by Ha Guozhi and Ma Chenglin. Both backed onto mountains and faced the fields, in terrain that was steep and difficult. After more than a year he attacked Little Donggou first, mustering every able fighter from Hexi to join the assault. The Hui grew fearful, bound Guozhi, and begged to surrender. Rulong accepted and then executed him. Advancing on Great Donggou, Rulong plunged into the thick of the fight, was shot, and was gravely wounded. After three months he was somewhat recovered. He pressed straight to Longmen Village and broke the enemy in fierce fighting. With all Yunnan pacified he was awarded the yellow riding jacket. In the thirteenth year he was transferred to Hunan. In the fourth year of Guangxu his old wound reopened and he requested retirement.

如龍性豪縱，筦雲南提篆日，惟娛聲色。巡撫賈洪詔彈之，置勿問。既閒廢，徙居四川重慶，益不自檢。每宴客，招妓侑酒，琵琶聲中輒慷慨道少年時事雲。十七年，卒，卹如製。

Rulong was bold and unrestrained by nature. While he held command in Yunnan he devoted himself chiefly to pleasure. Governor Jia Hongzhao impeached him, but the court took no action. After his dismissal he moved to Chongqing in Sichuan and became even less restrained in his conduct. Whenever he entertained guests he summoned courtesans to pour the wine, and amid the pipa's notes he would speak fervently of his youthful exploits. In the seventeenth year he died, and mourning honors were granted according to regulation.

和耀曾，雲南麗江人。父鑑，大理城守營都司。咸豐二年，太和回謀亂，往覘之，被殺。詔贈雲騎尉世職，耀曾襲，矢復仇，毀家募士。與賓川廩生董文蘭會師洱河，兩克大理及鄧川、上關，以義勇著，遠近爭歸附。楊玉科、張潤並隸麾下，後皆為名將。總督吳振棫薦其才，署中營守備。

He Yaoceng was a native of Lijiang in Yunnan. His father Jian had been battalion commander of the Dali city garrison. In the second year of Xianfeng the Hui of Taihe plotted rebellion. He went to investigate and was killed. The court granted the hereditary rank of Cloud Cavalry Captain. Yaoceng inherited it, swore revenge, and spent his family's fortune to raise troops. He joined Binchuan licentiate Dong Wenlan at Er River, twice took Dali along with Dengchuan and Shangguan, won fame as a righteous volunteer, and men near and far flocked to his banner. Yang Yuke and Zhang Run both served under him and later became celebrated generals. Governor-General Wu Zhenbang recommended his ability, and he was appointed acting commander of the central battalion.

十年，權維西協左營都司。明年，大理回來犯，敗之於橋頭。已而祿豐、昆陽陷，复率把總高聯甲戰石鼓，大破之。乘勝攻克麗江，留土弁王天爵駐守，而自引兵規鶴慶。寇乘隙再陷麗城，耀曾軍失利，退守石鼓。同治元年，再克之，遷參將。徙頓曲靖，夷卡郎寇巢，略昭通，戰公雞山、龍洞，師弗勝。與護昭通鎮楊盛宗往援，斬其酋所朝昇，遷副將，徙守富平。八年，城陷，褫職逮問。尋以克楚雄、祿豐，貸勿治，留軍自贖。十年，克澂江，复官。明年，攻迤西，連破蒙化、趙州、上下關，於是大理籓籬盡失。是冬，穴地道轟其城，拔之。又明年，取大小圍埂。積勳晉記名總兵，賜號達春巴圖魯。自是與玉科定錫臘，下順寧，破雲州，擢提督。進克小猛統，大吏以叛產予其殘廢部伍，固辭弗獲，乃斥家財遣之歸，而以其地佐書院餐錢及賓興費，並選開敏子弟集廨宇，延師課讀。又與李惟述克騰越。全滇平，賞黃馬褂，檄署永昌協。

In the tenth year he served as acting battalion commander of the left battalion of the Weixi command. The next year the Dali rebels attacked again and he defeated them at Qiaotou. Before long Lufeng and Kunyang fell. He again led Platoon Commander Gao Lianjia into battle at Shigu and won a decisive victory. Pressing the victory he took Lijiang, left native officer Wang Tianjue to garrison it, and marched himself toward Heqing. The rebels seized the moment and retook Lijiang. Yaoceng's army was beaten and fell back to Shigu. In the first year of Tongzhi he recaptured it and was promoted to deputy commander. He encamped at Qujing, attacked the Yi rebel stronghold at Kalang, raided toward Zhaotong, and fought at Gongji Mountain and Longdong without success. He joined Acting Zhaotong Commander Yang Shengzong in relief, beheaded the rebel chief Suo Chaosheng, was promoted to deputy regional commander, and was transferred to guard Fuping. In the eighth year the city fell and he was stripped of rank and arrested for trial. Soon, for capturing Chuxiong and Lufeng, he was pardoned and allowed to remain with the army to redeem himself. In the tenth year he took Chengjiang and was restored to office. The next year he attacked western Yunnan, took Menghua, Zhaozhou, and the upper and lower passes in succession, and Dali lost every outer defense. That winter he tunneled under the walls, blasted them with mines, and took the city. The following year he took the great and small Weiheng stockades. For accumulated merit he was advanced to registered regional commander and granted the title Dachun Batulu. From then on, with Yuke, he pacified Xila, took Shunning, broke Yunzhou, and was promoted to regional commander. He advanced and took Xiaomengtong. Officials offered him rebel property for his disabled troops, but he firmly refused. He spent his own fortune to send them home, devoted the land to the academy's board and examination funds, and gathered bright youths at his headquarters for instruction. He again joined Li Weishu in taking Tengyue. With all Yunnan pacified he was awarded the yellow riding jacket and ordered to act as commander of the Yongchang garrison.

永昌自遭喪亂，比戶凋殘。耀曾至，撫流亡，除苛擾，革姦暴，教之治生，民漸復業。時烏索賊柳映蒼复叛，奉檄與總兵徐聯魁等會擊。十三年，克之，以次削平土司諸地。光緒二年，參將蘇開先誘練軍譁變，據騰越。王道士與合，順、雲豪姦悍卒乘機竊發，永昌練目李朝應之，掠施甸，迤西大擾。岑毓英以耀曾諳究邊情，奏署騰越總兵。耀曾為固本計，先赴永昌，調團守隘，率師追討，擊潰李朝，餘黨悉平。總督劉長佑謂其不即至，劾之，鐫二級；論克順、雲功，免議，權漢中鎮總兵。

Yongchang, since the rebellion, had seen household after household ruined. When Yaoceng arrived he comforted the displaced, ended harsh exactions, curbed violence and corruption, taught the people how to earn a living, and gradually they returned to their trades. The Wusuo bandit Liu Yingcang rebelled again, and by order he joined Regional Commander Xu Liankui and others in a combined campaign. In the thirteenth year he took them and in succession pacified the native chieftain territories. In the second year of Guangxu, Deputy Commander Su Kaixian incited the militia to mutiny and seized Tengyue. Daoist Wang joined the rebels. Fierce soldiers in Shunning and Yunzhou seized the moment to rise, Yongchang militia officer Li Chao answered the call, plundered Shidian, and western Yunnan was thrown into turmoil. Cen Yuying, knowing Yaoceng's deep familiarity with the border, memorialized that he act as regional commander at Tengyue. To secure his base Yaoceng went first to Yongchang, mobilized militia to hold the passes, led troops in pursuit, routed Li Chao, and pacified every remaining faction. Governor-General Liu Changyou impeached him for not arriving promptly and reduced him two grades; but in view of his merit in pacifying Shunning and Yunzhou he was spared further punishment and appointed acting regional commander at Hanzhong.

六年，詔各省督撫舉將才，毓英以耀曾應，擢授鎮遠鎮。居鎮十六年，節虛糜，贍儲積，為置營田，建兵房，制器械，軍政大治。復以其餘設義塾，平道路，勸農桑，士議謂有儒將風。二十三年，卒。民感其德，請附祀毓英祠，麗江亦建祠致祭焉。

In the sixth year the court ordered all provinces to recommend military talent. Yuying nominated Yaoceng, who was promoted to command the Zhenyuan garrison. He held the command for sixteen years, curbed waste, built up stores and reserves, established camp farms, built barracks, standardized weapons, and brought military administration to excellent order. With the surplus he founded charity schools, improved roads, and encouraged farming and sericulture. Scholars said he had the bearing of a scholar-general. In the twenty-third year he died. The people, moved by his virtue, asked that he be honored at Yuying's shrine, and Lijiang also built a shrine in his memory.

楊玉科，字云階，寄籍麗江。其先居湖南善化，既貴，還本籍。同治初，從和耀曾討回。岑毓英徵曲靖，識拔之，命領百人為前鋒，積功至守備。四年，署維西協。李祖裕叛，殺把總陳聰。毓英慮生變，檄玉科代之。玉科至，刺殺祖裕，宣諭部眾，皆伏服，遂克麗江、鶴慶，繇是顯名。

Yang Yuke, courtesy name Yunjie, was registered as a native of Lijiang. His family had originally lived in Shanhua, Hunan. After he rose to eminence he restored his original household registration. At the beginning of the Tongzhi reign he followed He Yaoceng in campaigning against the Hui rebels. When Cen Yuying campaigned at Qujing he recognized Yuke's talent, made him lead a hundred men as vanguard, and through accumulated merit he rose to garrison commander. In the fourth year he served as acting commander of the Weixi garrison. Li Zuyu rebelled and killed Platoon Commander Chen Cong. Fearing further trouble, Yuying ordered Yuke by dispatch to replace him. When Yuke arrived he killed Zuyu, addressed the troops, and won their submission. He then took Lijiang and Heqing, and from that time his fame spread.

俄而杜文秀來援，擁眾可二十萬。玉科所部止數千人，屢戰弗勝。二城复陷，玉科潰圍出走永北。六年，從克鎮雄，長驅豬供箐、海馬姑，與有功，敘游擊。七年，西寇環偪省城，玉科繞四川會理，間道襲元謀、馬街，規武祿，抄其後，克之，進平羅次。八年，平柯渡、可郎，遷副將，賜號勵勇巴圖魯。乘勝規嵩明，下尋甸。毓英奏令主三姚軍事，連復大姚、浪鄧。省城圍解，擢總兵。明年，破姚州土城，被巨創。益開地道三十餘穴，雷發，北城陷，遂拔，擒偽將馬金保、藍平貴。三姚平，擢提督，易勇號瑚松額。無何，州西警，復令主大理、麗江軍事，發全師速援賓、鄧，遂敗寇雲南驛。其冬，克長邑村，進規鍊鐵，擒偽都督楊占鵬。於是大理北路定，權開化鎮總兵。

Before long Du Wenxiu came to their relief with a force of perhaps two hundred thousand men. Yuke had only a few thousand men under his command and could not win repeated engagements. Both cities fell again. Yuke broke through the encirclement and fled to Yongbei. In the sixth year he helped take Zhenxiong, drove deep into Zhugong Ravine and Haimagu, shared in the victory, and was promoted to mobile corps commander. In the seventh year western rebels besieged the capital. Yuke marched by way of Huili in Sichuan, struck Yuanmou and Majie by a hidden route, threatened Wulu from the rear, took it, and advanced to pacify Luoci. In the eighth year he pacified Kedu and Kelang, was promoted to deputy regional commander, and was granted the title Liyong Batulu. Pressing the victory he moved on Songming and took Xundian. Yuying memorialized that he take command in the three Yao districts, and he recovered Dayao and Langdeng in succession. When the siege of the capital was lifted he was promoted to regional commander. The next year he breached the earthen walls of Yaozhou and was gravely wounded. He opened more than thirty mining tunnels, set off charges, and the north wall collapsed. The city fell, and the rebel generals Ma Jinbao and Lan Pinggui were captured. With the three Yao districts pacified he was promoted to regional commander and his title was changed to Husonge. Before long trouble broke out in the west. He was again placed in command at Dali and Lijiang, sent his full army to relieve Binchuan and Dengchuan, and defeated the rebels at Yunnan Post. That winter he took Changyi Village, advanced on Liantie, and captured the rebel grand commander Yang Zhanpeng. The northern route to Dali was then secured, and he was appointed acting regional commander at Kaihua.

十年春，克賓川。初，永昌之陷也，玉科為偽將馬雙元所得，見其人可用，勸歸命，與訂交，囑異時得志相援手，縱之歸。至是約為內應，克之，署提督。攻大理小關，邑寇詐降，設座禮拜寺，約玉科往。比入，心動，命移座；動如故，命再移，有間，地雷發，得不死。玉科怒，手刃四人，雙元銳身護之出，竟復其地。

In the spring of the tenth year he took Binchuan. When Yongchang had fallen earlier, Yuke was captured by the rebel general Ma Shuangyuan. Seeing talent in him, Shuangyuan urged him to submit, swore friendship, asked that when either rose in fortune they should aid each other, and let him go. Now he arranged to act as inside collaborator, took the city, and was appointed acting regional commander. Attacking the minor pass of Dali, local rebels feigned surrender, set seats in a temple, and invited Yuke to come. As he entered he felt uneasy and ordered the seat moved; it was moved as before, he ordered it moved again, and after a moment a land mine exploded. He survived. Enraged, Yuke killed four men with his own hand. Shuangyuan shielded him and brought him out, and in the end the place was recovered.

逾歲，連下漾濞、趙州，進規大理。其地東臨洱海，西倚蒼山，自文秀竊據，內築土垣，包偽禁城其中。玉科掘隧以攻，轟潰東南城，諸軍蹈隙入。寇死拒，复窖地雷破之。頓蓮花池，益師五千環攻城。文秀開壁出盪，親擊之。敗退，飲毒不即死，其黨蔡廷棟舁以獻，氣息僅屬，割其首解送省城。毓英至，廷棟佯乞款，陰埋地雷於行館，迎玉科。玉科諾之，潛至偽府，據砲樓大呼，兵士爭血戰。毓英隱卒城外，度玉科已達，乘夜梯登。兩軍既合，巷戰竟日，寇披卻，越數日，奪門走。克偽都，獲文秀家屬及廷棟等百三十人。捷入，賞黃馬褂，予騎都尉世職。十二年，克錫臘、順寧，移師協取雲州，再予一騎都尉。全滇告寧，改一等輕車都尉。明年，入覲，垂詢滇池戰狀，視傷痕惻然。光緒改元，還署任，賜頭品服，晉錫二等男。

After more than a year he took Yangbi and Zhaozhou in succession and advanced on Dali. The city faced Erhai Lake on the east and Cang Mountain on the west. Since Wenxiu's seizure he had built inner earthen walls enclosing a rebel palace within. Yuke tunneled under the walls, blasted the southeast corner, and the armies poured through the breach. The rebels resisted to the death. He buried more mines and broke them. He halted at Lotus Pond, brought up five thousand reinforcements, and surrounded the city. Wenxiu sallied from the walls to attack, and Yuke met him in person. Defeated, he withdrew and drank poison but did not die at once. His follower Cai Tingdong carried him out to surrender. Barely alive, Wenxiu was beheaded and his head sent to the capital. When Yuying arrived, Tingdong feigned surrender, secretly buried mines at the guest lodge, and welcomed Yuke. Yuke agreed, stole into the rebel palace, seized the gun tower and shouted aloud, and his men fought a bloody battle. Yuying hid troops outside the walls. Judging that Yuke had arrived, he scaled the walls by night. When the two armies joined, street fighting lasted a full day. The rebels were driven back, and after several days they broke through a gate and fled. The rebel capital fell. Wenxiu's family and Tingdong and others—one hundred thirty persons in all—were captured. When victory was reported he was awarded the yellow riding jacket and granted the hereditary rank of Cavalry Captain. In the twelfth year he took Xila and Shunning, moved his army to help take Yunzhou, and was granted a second Cavalry Captain rank. With all Yunnan pacified his rank was raised to first-class Commandant of Light Chariots. The next year he went to audience at court. The emperor inquired about the fighting at Dianchi, looked at his scars, and was deeply moved. At the beginning of Guangxu's reign he returned to his post, was granted first-rank court dress, and was advanced to second-class baron.

是時，滇邊野夷殺英官馬嘉理，英公使訴於朝，朝旨趣捕急。玉科搜獲而通凹、臘都等十五人，钅巢送省城伏誅。讞定，會鄧川羅洪昌謀亂，襲州城，遂移師馬甲邑，克東山，擒渠率。二年，移廣西右江鎮。創發，乞解職，疏甫上，適蘇開先陷騰越，勢岌岌。玉科力疾視師，不百日悉平之，被賞賚。三年，徙廣東高州鎮。六年，署陸路提督，坐其侄汝楫仇殺知府孔昭鈖，鐫三級。尋复。

At that time border tribes in Yunnan killed the British official Margary. The British minister protested to the court, and imperial orders demanded swift arrest. Yuke searched out and captured fifteen men including Ertong'ao and Ladou, sent them in shackles to the capital, and they were executed. When the case was settled, Luo Hongchang of Dengchuan plotted rebellion and raided the prefectural city. Yuke moved his army to Majiayi, took East Mountain, and captured the ringleaders. In the second year he was transferred to the Youjiang garrison in Guangxi. His old wound reopened and he begged to resign. His memorial had scarcely been submitted when Su Kaixian seized Tengyue and the situation grew desperate. Yuke forced himself despite illness to take command, and in less than a hundred days all was pacified. He was rewarded. In the third year he was transferred to the Gaozhou garrison in Guangdong. In the sixth year he served as acting land regional commander. Because his nephew Ruji killed Prefect Kong Zhaofan in a private feud, he was reduced three grades. He was soon restored.

十年，法越事起，率師出關，扼觀音橋，法軍至，設三伏敗之。聞谷松警，亟往援，而敵已乘虛入，數戰皆利。明年，法以重兵入關，教民應於內。玉科曰：「吾百戰餘生，今得死所矣！」開關搦戰，中砲亡，諸軍皆潰，至無人收其屍。李秉衡蒞關，乃歸其喪，妻牛氏殉焉。追贈太子少保，諡武愍，予大理、鎮南關建祠。毓英所部多驍將，玉科外，首推李惟述。

In the tenth year the Franco-Vietnamese war broke out. He led his army beyond the border, held Guanyin Bridge, and when the French arrived he set three ambushes and defeated them. Hearing an alarm at Gusong he hurried to its relief, but the enemy had already slipped through. In several engagements he held the advantage. The next year the French entered the pass with a heavy force, and sectarian followers rose within. Yuke said, "I have survived a hundred battles. Now I have found the place to die!" He opened the pass and gave battle. He was killed by cannon fire, the army broke and fled, and no one even collected his body. When Li Bingheng arrived at the pass his body was recovered. His wife, née Niu, died with him. He was posthumously made Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent, given the posthumous name Wumin, and shrines were erected at Dali and Zhennanguan. Yuying's command held many fierce generals. After Yuke, Li Weishu stood foremost.

惟述起錦江紳團，嘗與和耀曾施方略，謀所以綴寇，故省城獲保無事。逮馬榮敗，回眾走城外，猶留頓弗去，毓英患之，召惟述計誅其悍將。悍將故暱惟述，一日，天鄉明，惟述率千人入其壁，悍將方沐，詰所來。惟述曰：「奉上官檄討野夷，不識路徑，故來問。」悍將指畫以示，惟述從其背擊殺之，大呼曰：「為兵者出前門，從逆者出後門！」回眾驚散，省城遂無寇踪。累勳至都司，補鶴麗鎮游擊。克楚雄，遷參將，署維西協。與經歷鍾念祖分攻廣通、南安，下之，補順雲協，署開化鎮總兵，仍留駐其地。無何，寇湧至，城再陷。惟述慮殘民，佯議和，卒以計脫歸，坐免。

Weishu rose from the gentry militia of Jinjiang. He had joined He Yaoceng in devising strategy to check the rebels, and thus the capital was preserved unharmed. When Ma Rong was defeated the Hui fled outside the walls but lingered and would not leave. Troubled, Yuying summoned Weishu to plan the killing of their fierce generals. The fierce general had once been on friendly terms with Weishu. One day at dawn Weishu led a thousand men into his camp while the general was bathing and asked their purpose. Weishu said, "By superior order I have been sent to campaign against border tribes and do not know the route, so I have come to ask." The general pointed out the route. Weishu struck him from behind and killed him, then shouted, "Soldiers go out the front gate! Those who follow the rebels go out the back gate!" The Hui scattered in alarm, and no rebel trace remained in the capital. Through accumulated merit he rose to battalion commander and was appointed mobile corps commander at the He-Li garrison. He took Chuxiong, was promoted to deputy commander, and served as acting commander of the Weixi garrison. With Assistant Prefect Zhong Nianzu he divided forces against Guangtong and Nan'an and took them. He was appointed to the Shun-Yun command, served as acting regional commander at Kaihua, and remained stationed there. Before long rebels poured in and the city fell again. Fearing harm to the people, Weishu feigned peace talks and escaped by stratagem. He was dismissed from office.

是時，省城复震，馬如龍專倚漢兵守城。惟述分領其眾，內詰姦宄，外禦強敵，省城復安。論功，復故官。從毓英攻楊林，寇敗潰，然猶堅守小偏橋、十里鋪，冀斷我糧餽。惟述乘勝克一撮纓、蕭家山，又與岑毓寶攻克石虎岡，運道始達。進平羅次，复楚雄，軍勢大振。已而州西又告急。毓英謂西軍弛律，咎在諸將不和，乃以大理、麗江軍事屬玉科，而屬惟述以雲、蒙、趙。惟述遂攻克鎮南，鎮南為大理屏蔽，寇以全力死守，至是拔之，寇益蹙。上念其苦戰，賜珍物。

The capital was shaken again. Ma Rulong relied solely on Han troops to defend the city. Weishu took part of the force, rooted out traitors within and resisted strong enemies without, and the capital was secure again. For his merit he was restored to office. Following Yuying he attacked Yanglin. The rebels were routed but still held Xiaopian Bridge and Shilipu, hoping to cut off the supply line. Weishu pressed the victory to take Yicuoying and Xiaojia Mountain, and with Cen Yubao took Shihu Hill, opening the supply route at last. He advanced to pacify Luoci and recover Chuxiong, and army morale soared. Before long the west of the province sent urgent alarms again. Yuying blamed lax discipline in the western army on discord among the generals. He assigned Dali and Lijiang to Yuke and entrusted Yunzhou, Menghua, and Zhaozhou to Weishu. Weishu then took Zhennan, the shield of Dali, which the rebels had defended with all their strength. Its fall left the rebels ever more desperate. Mindful of his bitter fighting, the emperor bestowed precious gifts.

迤西用兵，頻歲饑嗛。先是，惟述遣軍攻雲南，久弗克，彌渡亦旋得旋失。嗣與玉科謀，乃檄諸軍毋浪戰，期秋穫整軍。屆期果大破雲南驛，分兵略彌渡，並克之。又與玉科會軍蒙、趙。杜文秀者，故永昌累，初匿大小圍埂。其據大理也，圍埂回實助之。玉科圖取大理，惟述亦統兵克大圍埂，而小圍埂猶據壁自保。逾歲，轟克之，檄署騰越鎮，收其地。進攻烏索，未下，遭憂歸，不復出。久之，卒於家。

The western campaign brought years of famine in succession. Earlier Weishu had sent troops against Yunnan but could not take it for a long time, and Midu was won and lost in turn. Later he consulted with Yuke and ordered all armies to avoid reckless fighting, planning to reorganize after the autumn harvest. When the appointed day came, he routed the enemy at Yunnan Station, sent detachments against Midu, and took both places. He then joined Yuke's army at Menghua and Zhaozhou. Du Wenxiu was originally a servant from Yongchang and had first taken refuge at Greater and Lesser Weigeng. When he seized Dali, the Hui of Weigeng had in fact helped him do it. Yuke set his sights on Dali. Weishu too led troops and took Greater Weigeng, but Lesser Weigeng still held its walls in stubborn defense. More than a year later he blasted it into submission, was appointed by dispatch to the Tengyue garrison, and recovered the region. He marched against Wusuo but failed to take it, then withdrew on account of a family bereavement and never returned to the field. In time he died at home.

初，玉科嘗殺仇，持其首謁毓英，意詰責即為變。毓英笑勿問，且善撫之。惟述性戇直，業騾馬，初不知希榮貴。及奉上賞白玉搬指，適與指合，乃驚嘆天子聖神，益效忠無貳志。所設市肆，悉以「巴圖魯」號名之，其榮幸朝命如此。平滇，楊、李功為多，而玉科用兵，則尤神於出沒雲。

Early on Yuke once killed a foe and brought the head to Yuying, expecting rebuke and ready to turn against him if challenged. Yuying only laughed, told him to say no more, and treated him with generous favor. Weishu was blunt and plainspoken. He had made his living trading mules and horses and at first had no thought of seeking rank or reward. When the court bestowed a white jade thumb ring upon him and it fit his finger perfectly, he marveled at the emperor's almost supernatural insight and pledged his loyalty anew without a second thought. Every shop he opened he named for the title Baturu—such was his pride in imperial favor. In pacifying Yunnan, Yang and Li won the greatest share of credit, yet Yuke's command of troops was unmatched for swift, cloud-like maneuver.

蔡標，字錦堂，貴州威寧人。家貧，落魄無以自資，入滇，設湯餅肆宜良。以膽略稱。久之，充練目。從岑毓英軍克宜良、路南，補把總。同治二年，馬榮據省城，毓英堅守籓署，誓與城存亡。標領死士數十人潛至，叩門入，毓英驚喜。標問：「有軍械否？」曰：「有。」標曰：「寡不敵眾，奈何？當為公募兵！」遂往宜良、路南鳩集舊部，得千人，毓英賴以成軍。籓署獲全，標之力也。及馬如龍至，標率效力戰，榮敗走。從征迤東西，連下十餘城，進規曲靖。寇襲潘文元營，標率三百人頓陶家屯扼後路。張保和蹙寇至海壩，標分兵要之，寇潰入城。克曲靖，遷守備，賞花翎。

Cai Biao, styled Jintang, came from Weining in Guizhou. Poor and down on his luck with no way to make a living, he went to Yunnan and opened a noodle shop in Yiliang. He won a reputation for boldness and shrewdness. In time he was appointed a drill sergeant in the local militia. Serving under Cen Yuying, he helped take Yiliang and Lunan and was appointed platoon captain. In the second year of Tongzhi, Ma Rong seized the provincial capital. Yuying held the governor's compound and swore to stand or fall with the city. Biao slipped in with several dozen picked men, knocked at the gate, and was admitted. Yuying was astonished and overjoyed. Biao asked, "Do you have arms?" Yuying answered, "We do." Biao said, "We are too few to match their numbers. What can we do? I must raise troops for you in the open!" He then went to Yiliang and Lunan, rallied his old followers, and mustered a thousand men on whom Yuying built his army. That the governor's compound was saved was Biao's doing. When Ma Rulong arrived, Biao led his men into fierce fighting and Rong was routed. He campaigned across eastern and western Yunnan, took more than ten cities in succession, and advanced against Qujing. When rebels struck Pan Wenyuan's camp, Biao took three hundred men to Taojia Village and blocked their retreat. Zhang Baohe drove the rebels to Haiba. Biao sent detachments to cut them off, and the rebels broke and fled into the city. After Qujing fell he was promoted to garrison commander and awarded the peacock feather.

五年，毓英西征，標引兵從。時鎮雄降寇复叛，漆維新據子山，李開甲據磺山。毓英策先攻角奎，令標為前驅。抵雄塊，寇出拒，大破之，連拔二山，斬二逆。明年，從攻豬供箐，與諸將直搗中堅，下之。移師海馬姑，奪紅岩、尖山，乘勝薄其柵。標賈勇先登，諸軍鼓譟繼進，擒渠率。凱旋，擢游擊。七年，署鎮雄營參將。會杜文秀偪省垣，標出宜良、湯池，略七甸。未幾，武定、祿勸連告警，復與楊國發攻富民，綴寇勢。寇攻楊林亟，標往援，連破小街、白龍橋巨壘。壘甫得，旋复失，勢益熾。標入自長坡，寇殊死戰，不可敗。翼日，自石子河逾文筆山而下，佯北，誘寇入，攻克東山寺，盡夷楊林寇壘。八年春，援師宗，攻破洛紅甸、豆溫鄉，拔其城。於是嵩明、富民相繼收復，省城始安。

In the fifth year Yuying marched west, and Biao led his troops with him. Surrendered rebels at Zhenxiong had risen again. Qi Weixin held Zhuzi Mountain and Li Kaijia held Huangshi Mountain. Yuying decided to strike Jiaokui first and made Biao his vanguard. At Xiongkuai the rebels came out to meet him and were routed. Both mountains fell in turn and both rebel chiefs were slain. The next year he joined the assault on Zhugong Ravine, drove with the other generals straight at the enemy center, and took it. He moved his force to Haimagu, took Hongyan and Jianshan, and pressed the enemy palisade while victory was still hot. Biao led the charge and was first over the wall. The army surged in with drums and war cries and captured the rebel chieftain. On his triumphant return he was promoted to brigade commander. In the seventh year he was made acting deputy commander of the Zhenxiong garrison. Du Wenxiu was pressing the provincial capital. Biao marched out through Yiliang and Tangchi and seized Qidian. Soon alarms came in succession from Wuding and Luquan. He joined Yang Guofa again to strike Fumin and slow the rebel advance. The rebels pressed hard against Yanglin. Biao went to the rescue and in succession stormed the great fortresses at Xiaojie and Bailong Bridge. Hardly had the fortresses been taken than they were lost again, and rebel strength swelled. Biao entered from Changpo, but the rebels fought to the death and could not be broken. The next day he descended from Wenbi Mountain by way of Shizi River, feigned a retreat, drew the rebels in, took Dongshan Temple, and wiped out every rebel stronghold at Yanglin. In the spring of the eighth year he relieved Shizong, broke through Luohongdian and Douwen Township, and took the city. Songming and Fumin were then recovered in turn, and the provincial capital was secure at last.

明年，威寧陳大桿據紅崖，楊紹貴等據香爐山，四出剽奪。標越境助擊，誘執陳酋，钅巢送州城；吳奇忠亦破香爐山。事寧，擢標總兵。十一年，諸軍環攻大理偽城，標略其南，力戰一晝夜，克之。南門寇欲竄下關，標復自城追出截擊之，無倖免者，晉提督。十二年，移攻雲州，抵猛朗，望見寇壁堅緻，標曰：「此宜先絕外援也！」乃遣陸純綱等扼邦蓋、丙弄，而自率師克猛朗，殲其酋丁雁甲。論功，賞黃馬褂，檄署鶴麗鎮總兵。全師抵城下，標攻北門，段瑞梅等自東南梯而下，轟擊之，盡殪。又先後平永北、賓川妖匪，騰越、烏索降匪，開化、大窩子竄匪，更勇號額爾克。光緒二年，入覲，道貴州，毓英留統威寧練軍，扼守要隘。已，復平梵淨山餘匪、桐梓會匪、湖南董倒寨回匪。

The next year Chen Dagan of Weining held Hongya while Yang Shaogui and others held Xianglu Mountain, raiding in all directions. Biao crossed the border to help in the attack, lured and captured the Chen chieftain, and sent him to the prefectural city in shackles. Wu Qizhong also broke Xianglu Mountain. When order was restored, Biao was promoted to regional commander. In the eleventh year the armies besieged the rebel city of Dali. Biao swept its southern sector and fought through a day and a night until it fell. Rebels at the south gate tried to slip away toward Xiaguan. Biao pursued from the city and cut them off, leaving none alive, and was promoted to provincial military governor. In the twelfth year he turned to attack Yunzhou. Reaching Menglang and seeing how stout the rebel defenses were, Biao said, "We must cut off their outside support first!" He sent Lu Chungang and others to hold Banggai and Bingnong, while he led the main force to take Menglang and destroy the chieftain Ding Yanjia. For his merit he was awarded the yellow riding jacket and appointed by dispatch regional commander of the Heli garrison. The full army reached the city walls. Biao assaulted the north gate while Duan Ruimei and others scaled down from the southeast by ladder and blasted the enemy, killing them to the last man. He went on to pacify the rebel bands of Yongbei and Binchuan, the surrendered rebels of Tengyue and Wusuo, and the scattered outlaws of Kaifeng and Dawozi, and was further granted the honorary title Erke. In the second year of Guangxu he went to audience at court. Passing through Guizhou, Yuying kept him to command the Weining militia and hold the strategic passes. He then pacified the remaining bandits on Fanjing Mountain, the secret-society rebels of Tongzi, and the Hui rebels of Dongdaozhai in Hunan.

七年，毓英移撫福建，標率滇軍渡台，詔補雲南開化鎮，仍駐台北。逾歲，赴本官。十年，法越事起，標募舊部出關，宣光、臨洮數戰皆利。其守富良江，遍掘地營，法砲不能中，岑軍駐河內者遂不為所窺。著有地營圖說，甚明晰。十三年，署雲南提督。毓英檄治倮黑山軍事，標率師前進，效力合攻，夷緣江百數十壘，誅其魁張春發，拓地千五百里。二十年，錄平永北夷匪、廣南游匪功，賞雙眼花翎、頭品服。越六年，再入覲。會兩宮西幸，即赴行在，隨扈入陝。抵西安，廷旨命招舊部。尋坐約束不嚴褫職，詔念前功，予留任。明年，還滇，以所部罷弱，解遣之，釋處分。三十一年，徙廣東瓊州鎮。次年，卒。附祀毓英祠，予威寧建祠。

In the seventh year Yuying was transferred to Fujian as governor. Biao led Yunnan troops to Taiwan, was appointed to the Kaihua garrison of Yunnan, and remained stationed at Taipei. More than a year later he took up his regular post. In the tenth year war broke out between France and Vietnam. Biao rallied his old followers and marched beyond the frontier, winning several engagements at Xuanguang and Linshao. Defending the Fu River, he dug trench camps everywhere so French artillery could not find its mark, and Cen's army at Hanoi was no longer exposed to enemy fire. He wrote an Illustrated Explanation of Earthwork Camps, a remarkably clear treatise. In the thirteenth year he was appointed acting provincial military governor of Yunnan. Yuying ordered him to handle operations at Luoduo Black Mountain. Biao advanced, fought hard in the joint assault, destroyed more than a hundred riverside palisades, executed the ringleader Zhang Chunfa, and extended the frontier by fifteen hundred li. In the twentieth year his service in pacifying the Yi bandits of Yongbei and the roving rebels of Guangnan was recognized with the double-eyed peacock feather and first-grade court dress. Six years later he went to audience at court again. When the two empress dowagers fled west, he went at once to the traveling court and followed them into Shaanxi. At Xi'an he received orders from court to recruit his old followers. He was soon stripped of office for lax discipline, but an edict mindful of his past service allowed him to remain in post. The next year he returned to Yunnan, disbanded his worn-out troops, and was released from punishment. In the thirty-first year he was transferred to the Qiongzhou garrison in Guangdong. The following year he died. He was given secondary sacrifice in Yuying's shrine, and a shrine was authorized for him at Weining.

瑞梅，字春堂，籍劍川。有勇略，年十六從軍，隸毓英麾下，戰常陷堅。攻豬供箐、柯渡、大理，並冒險進。歷龍陵營參將，維西、永昌協副將。同治十三年，入覲，賞黃馬褂，予雲騎尉世職，擢記名提督。尋署騰越鎮總兵。光緒間，以邊兵亂，城陷，隨復之。後卒於官。

Ruimei, styled Chuntang, was registered at Jianchuan. Bold and resourceful, he entered the army at sixteen, served under Yuying, and in battle often led the charge against the hardest positions. At Zhugong Ravine, Kedu, and Dali he always pressed forward at grave personal risk. He rose through the ranks to deputy commander of the Longling garrison and deputy commander of the Weixi-Yongchang brigade. In the thirteenth year of Tongzhi he went to audience at court, was awarded the yellow riding jacket, granted the hereditary rank of Cloud Cavalry Commandant, and promoted to recorded-name provincial military governor. Soon he was appointed acting regional commander of the Tengyue garrison. During the Guangxu era, when frontier troops mutinied and the city fell, he recovered it at once. He later died in office.

夏毓秀，字瑯溪，雲南昆明人。少以義勇著。滇回亂，以堡長從軍，充選鋒。昆明被圍久，糧餽阻絕，道殣相望。毓秀率團勇助擊，運道始通，補千總。師克路南、祿豐，積勳至守備。

Xia Yuxiu, styled Langxi, came from Kunming in Yunnan. From youth he was known for righteous valor. When the Hui rebellion broke out in Yunnan, he entered the army as a fort captain and served on the vanguard. Kunming had been under siege for a long time. Supplies were cut off and the roads were lined with the dead. Yuxiu led local militia into the fight, the supply route was opened at last, and he was appointed company commander. The army took Lunan and Lufeng, and through accumulated merit he rose to garrison commander.

同治二年，岑毓英引兵西，遣毓秀略富民，擒其酋馬富，富，馬榮弟也。乘勝克嵩明、陸涼、武定，署參將。毓英慮元謀回撓後路，使毓秀要之。攻克附城巨壘，偪攻縣城，截其糧路，寇患飢乏，棄城走，進复馬街。三年，回酋李芳園陷白井，擊卻之。規曲靖，師屢失利。毓秀至，寇狃數勝，易視之，且登城作謾語。毓秀憤甚，率死士先登，疾擊之，寇大潰，合兵下霑益、馬龍。明年，補提標右營游擊，統領四十八堡民兵。七年，西寇陷祿豐，毓秀敗績，退安寧，分兵扼腰站、祿。逾歲，寇湧至，再敗，毓秀退入省城，坐免官。已而寇大舉分道入，馬如龍出大西門御之，參將楊先芝等倒戈相鄉，毓秀被重創。又明年，攻楊林，擊破十里鋪，复官。毓英規安寧，毓秀自蓖郎繞出碧雞關下，潛師襲大小普坪，克之。進取獨樹鋪，會岑毓寶復其城。九年，論克廣通、南安功，遷副將。

In the second year of Tongzhi, Cen Yuying marched west and sent Yuxiu against Fumin. Yuxiu captured the chieftain Ma Fu, Ma Rong's younger brother. Riding the victory he took Songming, Liuliang, and Wuding and was appointed acting deputy commander. Yuying feared the Hui at Yuanmou would threaten his rear and sent Yuxiu to hold them. He stormed the great outworks, pressed the county seat, and cut their supply line. Hungry and desperate, the rebels abandoned the city and fled, and he advanced to recover Majie. In the third year the Hui chieftain Li Fangyuan seized Baijing. Yuxiu attacked and drove him back. The campaign against Qujing had met repeated defeat. When Yuxiu arrived the rebels, emboldened by repeated victories, looked down on him and even mounted the walls to hurl taunts. Enraged, Yuxiu led his picked men over the walls first and struck hard. The rebels broke and fled, and the combined armies went on to take Zhanyi and Malong. The following year he was appointed brigade vice-commander of the provincial banner's right battalion and placed in command of militia from forty-eight forts. In the seventh year the western rebels captured Lufeng. Yuxiu was defeated, fell back to Anning, and sent detachments to hold Yaozhan and Luquan. A year later the rebels poured in and he was beaten again. Yuxiu retreated into the provincial capital and was dismissed from office. Soon the rebels advanced in force along several routes. Ma Rulong sallied from the great west gate to meet them, but Assistant Commanders Yang Xianzhi and others turned on their own side. Yuxiu was badly wounded. The next year he attacked Yanglin, routed the enemy at Shilipu, and was restored to office. While Yuying besieged Anning, Yuxiu circled round from Bilang below Biji Pass with a concealed detachment, surprised Daxiao Puping, and captured it. He pushed on to take Dushupu, while Cen Yubao at the same time recovered the city. In the ninth year he was promoted to deputy commander for his part in capturing Guangtong and Nan'an.

十年，攻東溝，寇出拒，敗之，師深入，毓秀陷重圍，迳路危C7，棄馬步戰，身受十數刃。如龍馳救，舁歸壁，暈眩死，有間蘇，將校環泣，毓秀慨然曰：「丈夫以身許國，馬革裹屍，固大快事！奚悲為？」聞者莫不感奮。創小差，整軍復進，卒夷寇壘，擢總兵，賜號利勇巴圖魯。移攻雲州，寇築碉環城誓死守，師久攻不下。毓秀先分兵奪碉，孤城危棘，寇無固志，遂拔之，以次復騰越及大小猛統。十三年，入覲，上垂視傷痕，慰勞備至，益感激願用命。會創發，乞歸。

In the tenth year he attacked Donggou. The rebels sallied and were beaten, but as the army pressed deep Yuxiu was trapped in a heavy encirclement. With the route cut off he dismounted and fought on foot, taking more than ten blade wounds. Rulong galloped to his rescue and had him carried back to camp. Yuxiu fainted as if dead; after a time he came round. Officers and men wept around him, and Yuxiu said with feeling, "For a man to give his body to the state and be wrapped in horsehide at death is a great joy indeed! Why grieve? All who heard him were stirred and roused to fight. When his wounds had largely healed, he re-formed the army and advanced again, finally destroying the rebel strongholds. He was promoted to brigade commander and granted the title Liyong Batulu. He turned to attack Yunzhou. The rebels built blockhouses around the city and vowed to hold it to the death, and the army besieged it for a long time without success. Yuxiu first sent detachments to seize the blockhouses. With the city isolated and in peril the rebels lost heart, and he took it. He then recovered Tengyue and Daxiao Mengtong in turn. In the thirteenth year he came to court. The emperor looked at his scars and comforted him with every kindness, and he was all the more grateful and eager to serve. His old wounds then flared up and he asked leave to return home.

光緒二年，赴四川，統領省標十營。七年，松潘番蠢動，數擾邊，命署總兵治之。既至，擒首惡，撫良懦，番民以安。其地固荒服，設學額百餘年，多為他邑人所佔，謳誦益寂寥。毓秀方夷大難，即選聰穎子弟入署讀書，斥私財建書院，廣延名宿，崇化勵賢，至是始聞弦歌聲。九年，實授。蒞鎮十載，培堤岸，濬溝洫，儲倉廩，士民德之，至建生祠以祀。

In the second year of the Guangxu reign he went to Sichuan and took command of ten provincial-banner battalions. In the seventh year the Tibetan tribes of Songpan grew restless and repeatedly raided the border. He was ordered to serve as acting brigade commander to pacify them. On arrival he seized the ringleaders, reassured the peaceful and weak, and the tribes were pacified. The region had long been a remote frontier. Examination quotas had existed for more than a century, yet most places went to men from other districts, and the sound of learning grew ever fainter. Once the great crisis was over, Yuxiu selected bright local youths to study in his yamen, spent his own money to build an academy, invited distinguished teachers, and promoted learning and worthy men. Only then did the sound of study return to the district. In the ninth year he received formal appointment. During ten years in command he built dikes, dredged canals, and stocked granaries. Officials and people honored him so deeply that they built a living shrine to worship him.

二十年，朝鮮亂起，日軍侵奉天。毓秀自請赴前敵，比入京而和議成。會鹿傳霖出督四川，奏毓秀自隨，於是再蒞松潘鎮任。初，甘肅循化番族拉布浪寺夙強悍，數越界侵掠。毓秀初蒞鎮，遣兵防守，安撫餘眾，而拉部擅命如故。既復任，遂率將士出關，克碉十餘，擒渠率，斬以徇諸夷。諸夷皆伏服，莫敢惕息。蜀邊寧靜，擢提督。巴塘西三岩野番數入邊，商旅苦之，號稱「夾壩」。毓秀率眾入其部落，招誘首領，宣播朝威，動以禍福利害，諸番皆束首歸命，晉頭品秩。

In the twentieth year turmoil broke out in Korea and Japanese troops invaded Fengtian. Yuxiu volunteered for the front, but by the time he reached the capital peace had already been made. Just then Lu Chuanlin was sent to supervise Sichuan and memorialized that Yuxiu should accompany him, and Yuxiu returned to the Songpan command. Earlier the Labulang Temple Tibetans of Xunhua in Gansu had long been fierce and had repeatedly crossed the border to raid. When Yuxiu first took command he posted troops on the border and reassured the people, but the Labu faction continued to defy authority as before. After returning to office he led his officers and men beyond the pass, captured more than ten blockhouses, seized the chieftains, and executed them as a warning to the tribes. All the tribes submitted, and none dared show defiance. The Sichuan border was quiet, and he was promoted to regional commander. West of Batang wild tribes of Sanyan repeatedly crossed the border, and merchants and travelers suffered under what was called the "Jia Ba" scourge. Yuxiu led his men into their settlements, won over the chiefs, proclaimed the imperial authority, and urged them with warnings of reward and punishment. All the tribes submitted, and their chiefs were promoted in rank.

二十六年，授貴州提督。會拳亂作，亟統兵入衛。抵蒲州，車駕西幸，命率師駐韓侯嶺，許專摺奏事。明年，調湖北，命分所部留守太原。毓秀以三子瑞符領六營詣防，而自率全軍隨扈北上。尋移廣西。逾歲，行次廣東，總督陶模奏署陸路提督。九月，還湖北。宣統二年，創發，卒於官，諡勇恪。

In the twenty-sixth year he was appointed regional commander of Guizhou. When the Boxer rising broke out he hastily led troops to guard the capital. Reaching Puzhou, he found the court had fled west. He was ordered to hold Hanhou Ridge with his army and was permitted to submit memorials directly to the throne. The next year he was transferred to Hubei and ordered to leave part of his command to garrison Taiyuan. Yuxiu sent his third son Ruifu with six battalions to hold the defense while he himself led the full army north in escort. Soon afterward he was transferred to Guangxi. A year later, while passing through Guangdong, Governor Tao Mo memorialized that he should serve as acting land regional commander. In the ninth month he returned to Hubei. In the second year of the Xuantong reign his old wounds flared up and he died in office. He was posthumously given the honorific Yongke.

毓秀性忠樸，不治家人生產。治軍數十年，布衣蔬食，見者不知其為專閫雲。

Yuxiu was loyal and plain by nature and took no care for his household's livelihood. For decades he commanded troops yet dressed plainly and ate simply; those who saw him would never have guessed he was a regional commander.

何秀林，雲南宜良人。少從岑毓英軍，攻羅川，襲定遠，略曲靖，每戰必克，累功至守備。討豬供箐，寇悉銳出，圍攻姜飛龍前營，毓英往援，令秀林策應，於是夾擊，大破虜，復進搗中堅，擒其酋陶新春，合師剿克海馬姑，遷游擊。同治七年，西寇圍省城，從毓英自宜良七甸破大小石壟、麻苴、新村，進取大樹營。運道達，移師呈貢，敗晉寧、昆陽援賊，拔其城，遷副將，賜號效勇巴圖魯。

He Xiulin came from Yiliang in Yunnan. In youth he served under Cen Yuying, attacking Luochuan, raiding Dingyuan, and overrunning Qujing. He won every battle he fought and rose by accumulated merit to garrison commander. In the campaign against Zhugongqing the rebels committed their best troops and besieged Jiang Feilong's forward camp. Yuying went to relieve him and ordered Xiulin to coordinate from another direction. They struck from both sides and routed the enemy, smashed the center, captured the chieftain Tao Xinchun, and the combined armies took Haimagu. Xiulin was promoted to brigade vice-commander. In the seventh year of Tongzhi the western rebels besieged the provincial capital. He followed Yuying from Yiliang and Qidian to break Daxiao Shilong, Maju, and Xincun, and advanced to take Dashuying. Once the supply route was open he shifted troops to Chenggong, defeated relief rebels from Jinning and Kunyang, and captured their cities. He was promoted to deputy commander and granted the title Xiaoyong Batulu.

攻澂江，迭克要隘，直薄城下，城寇遁，毓英攻西北二門，秀林助之。張元林敗入城，官軍梯而登，馬忠入西門，秀林入東門，元林懼，仰藥死。澂江平，與李廷標協守楊林。八年，寇犯邑市舊縣，防軍告亟，秀林赴之，連破馬家衝、前街、邑市。會廷標亦往援馬龍，兩軍以無主將失和，寇蹈瑕入楊林。秀林聞警馳還，勵眾堅守，而都司楊桐等先潰，秀林遂陷重圍。李惟述援軍弗能至，秀林力盡，潰圍出，被巨創，退保宜良、北屯。楊林陷，坐免。秀林營員何裔韓傷重幾死，猶攜文卷以行，與秀林收集潰兵，赴省助戰，大板橋之役，與有力焉。

In the attack on Chengjiang he took key passes one after another and pressed straight to the walls. When the rebels in the city fled, Yuying assaulted the northwest and north gates and Xiulin assisted him. Zhang Yuanlin was beaten and fled into the city. Government troops scaled the walls: Ma Zhong entered the west gate and Xiulin the east gate. Yuanlin, in fear, took poison and died. After Chengjiang was pacified he and Li Tingbiao jointly garrisoned Yanglin. In the eighth year the rebels invaded Yishi and the old county seat. The garrison sent urgent word, and Xiulin went to their aid, breaking Majiachong, Qianjie, and Yishi in succession. At the same time Tingbiao went to relieve Malong. With no overall commander the two armies fell out, and the rebels seized the opening to enter Yanglin. Xiulin heard the alarm and galloped back, urging his men to hold firm, but Battalion Commander Yang Tong and others broke first, and Xiulin was trapped in a heavy encirclement. Li Weishu's relief force could not reach him. Xiulin fought until spent, broke out of the encirclement with grave wounds, and withdrew to hold Yiliang and Beitun. When Yanglin fell he was dismissed from office. Xiulin's camp officer He Yihan was so badly wounded he nearly died yet still carried the records with him. He joined Xiulin in gathering the broken troops, went to the provincial capital to fight, and played an important part at the battle of Dabanqiao.

其秋，攻易門，與署知縣周廷獻克西門、大小龍口及黃泥堆，斷樵汲，分兵佯攻西北，誘寇出，而遣將潛襲西南。秀林督軍衝入，寇惶恐，偽乞撫，秀林弗許，卒大破之，復故官。無何，粵寇陷祿豐，秀林約練目丁同義反正。同義倒戈以應，秀林分軍奪門入，擒渠率，城遂復，晉總兵。九年，師攻澂江，秀林破城外五山巨壘，寇掘地為營，師久無功。秀林詐退，隱卒誘之，回酋馬敏功等墮其計，並殞於陣，館驛遂無遺寇，進克鐍兮，擢提督。明年，補普洱鎮總兵。

That autumn he attacked Yimen. With Acting Magistrate Zhou Tingxian he took the west gate, Daxiao Longkou, and Huangnidui, cut off firewood and water, feigned an attack on the northwest to lure the rebels out, and sent a general to strike secretly from the southwest. Xiulin led the army in a charge. The rebels in alarm falsely sued for surrender, but Xiulin refused and routed them completely. He was restored to office. Before long Guangdong rebels captured Lufeng. Xiulin arranged with the drill officer Ding Tongyi to defect back to the government side. Tongyi turned on the rebels as agreed. Xiulin divided his force to storm the gate, captured the chieftains, and recovered the city. He was promoted to brigade commander. In the ninth year the army attacked Chengjiang. Xiulin broke five great mountain strongholds outside the city, but the rebels dug earthworks for camps and the siege dragged on without success. Xiulin feigned retreat and hid troops to lure the enemy. The Hui chieftains Ma Mingong and others fell into the trap and all died in battle. The post stations were cleared of rebels, and he advanced to take Kuaixi. He was promoted to regional commander. The following year he was appointed brigade commander of Pu'er.

光緒十年，法越事起，從毓英出關，統三千六百人駐興化。法軍退宣光，勒兵而進，丁槐軍西南，秀林軍東南，攻大寺、大寨，破之。城內法軍開壁出盪，秀林所部中彈數十人，戰益力。法軍馳入壁，城外壘柵林立，砲台棋布。秀林數攻城，為所絓，乃開地道轟潰之，於是攻城無所阻，遂偪城而軍。十一年，法軍數万來援，劉永福軍潰。秀林遺馬維騏往救，堅守地營，敵不得逞。已而維騏亦被困，秀林至，法軍乃解去。週視各營，傷亡既眾，不獲已，退頓城下。策敵必猛攻，豫窖地雷以待。敵果至，雷發，法軍死傷枕藉。秀林乃從容集殘軍，退保同安，圖再舉。和議成，罷戍，移臨元鎮。十六年，卒。

In the tenth year of Guangxu, when the Franco-Vietnamese conflict broke out, he followed Yuying beyond the border and commanded 3,600 men garrisoned at Xinghua. When the French army withdrew to Xuanguang he advanced. Ding Huai's army was on the southwest and Xiulin's on the southeast; together they attacked Dasi and Dazhai and captured them. French troops sallied from the city. Several dozen of Xiulin's men were hit, but they fought all the harder. The French army galloped back behind the walls. Outside, stockades stood thick as a forest and batteries were laid out in rows. Xiulin assaulted the city repeatedly but was held off. He then dug a tunnel and blasted the defenses, clearing the way to press his army close to the walls. In the eleventh year tens of thousands of French troops came to relieve the city, and Liu Yongfu's army was routed. Xiulin sent Ma Weiqi to the rescue. Ma held firm in the earthwork camp and the enemy could not break through. Before long Weiqi was trapped as well, but when Xiulin arrived the French army withdrew. He inspected the camps and found casualties already heavy. With no choice he withdrew and encamped below the city. Expecting a fierce enemy attack, he buried land mines in advance. The enemy came as expected. The mines exploded and French troops lay dead and wounded in heaps. Xiulin then calmly regrouped his broken force, withdrew to hold Tong'an, and planned to strike again. When peace was made the garrison was disbanded and he was transferred to the Linyuan command. In the sixteenth year he died.

楊國發，雲南建水人。討雲南、貴州匪，以戰功數遷至守備。咸豐十年冬，署提督申有謀攻富民，國髮長左翼，諸生張執中導之出麥廠間道，克黃土坡、永安莊。入城，圍攻之，寇棄城走，遷都司，賜號果勇巴圖魯。明年，進剿祿豐及廣通各井，皆下之。

Yang Guofa came from Jianshui in Yunnan. Campaigning against bandits in Yunnan and Guizhou, he rose by repeated battle merit to garrison commander. In the winter of the tenth year of Xianfeng, Acting Regional Commander Shen Youmou attacked Fumin. Guofa commanded the left wing, and the scholar Zhang Zhizhong guided them out by the secret route through Maichang. They captured Huangtupo and Yong'anzhuang. They entered and besieged the city. The rebels abandoned it and fled. He was promoted to battalion commander and granted the title Guoyong Batulu. The next year he advanced against Lufeng and the various salt wells of Guangtong and took them all.

同治二年，從岑毓英西征，連下十餘城，直趨楚雄。國發先克古山寺、雙橋巨壘，飛炬焚之，奪東門入，城克。會大姚告警，國發領兵赴救，破援賊桃花村。合城圍，知縣硃士逵舉火應，約期啟關，大姚平。移攻鎮南，以寇援大至，檄還省。三年，權元新營參將，與諸軍拔曲靖，並復霑益、馬龍，再遷至副將。四年，廣西州土寇嘯亂，殺游擊陳萃、知縣李瑞枝，國發率師討之，斬其酋張顯，境賴以安。越三年，西寇圍楚雄亟，國發從間道入，與守將李惟述日夜鏖戰，經月餘，攻不剋，糧盡援絕，城陷。國發冒圍出，仍繞道還省。

In the second year of Tongzhi he followed Cen Yuying on the western expedition, taking more than ten cities in succession and pressing straight toward Chuxiong. Guofa first took Gushansi and the great stronghold at Shuangqiao, burned them with fire-arrows, seized the east gate, and captured the city. Just then Dayao sent alarm. Guofa led troops to the rescue and defeated relief rebels at Taohuacun. The combined armies besieged the city. Magistrate Zhu Shikui set fires in response, and on the agreed day the gate was opened. Dayao was pacified. He turned to attack Zhennan, but as large rebel relief forces arrived he was ordered back to the provincial capital. In the third year he acted as assistant commander of the Yuanxin battalion. With the combined armies he took Qujing and also recovered Zhanyi and Malong, and was promoted again to deputy commander. In the fourth year local bandits in Guangxi Prefecture rose in revolt, killing Brigade Vice-Commander Chen Cui and Magistrate Li Ruizhi. Guofa led troops to suppress them, beheaded their chieftain Zhang Xian, and the region was pacified. Three years later the western rebels urgently besieged Chuxiong. Guofa entered by a side route and, with the defending commander Li Weishu, fought day and night for more than a month. The attack failed, grain ran out, relief was cut off, and the city fell. Guofa broke out of the encirclement at grave risk and still made his way back to the provincial capital by a roundabout route.

七年，寇分路大舉，一自富民據城西北，一自安寧據城西南。毓英入援，遣國發扼楊林。俄而李芳園等悉眾來犯，勢張甚。國發告亟，毓英使蔡標赴之，與國發破小街、白龍橋。旋為寇所乘，地復失，乘勢偪城下，縛草束薪，累積如堵牆，列槍砲其上，俯擊城中，謂之「柴碼兵」，將士損折過半。國發不獲已，再告亟，請援師，毓英自將兵破之，檄國發署普洱鎮總兵，頓師桃園，接應諸路。

In the seventh year the rebels advanced in force along separate routes: one column from Fumin held the northwest of the city and one from Anning the southwest. Yuying entered to relieve the city and sent Guofa to hold Yanglin. Before long Li Fangyuan and others attacked with their full force, and their momentum was very strong. Guofa sent urgent word for help. Yuying sent Cai Biao to join him, and together they routed the enemy at Xiaojie and Bailongqiao. Soon the rebels seized their opening and the ground was lost again. Pressing their advantage they came to the foot of the walls, bound straw and firewood into bundles and piled them like a rampart, mounted spears and cannon on top, and fired down into the city. These were called the "Chaima soldiers," and officers and men suffered losses of more than half. With no choice Guofa again sent urgent word and asked for relief. Yuying personally led troops to break the enemy, ordered Guofa to serve as acting brigade commander of Pu'er, encamped at Taoyuan, and supported the various routes.

八年，尋甸回圍馬龍，國發至，會諸軍戰卻之。夜將半，進掩賊營，乘風縱火，熛煙張天，盡焚其壘，圍解。轉鬥逐北，連破十里鋪、小偏橋、長坡六十餘裡，遷總兵。規彌勒竹園村，馬世德構開、廣回來援，國發破之趙林寨。十年，攻雲南縣，與惟述會軍普淜，分道入，國發迭克要害。寇竄觀音寺，國發麾兵擊之，又毀七碉，直薄城下，與惟述軍合。十一年，轟裂城垣三十餘丈，相繼而登，巷戰一晝夜，拔之，留所部守其地。秋，徙鎮下關，進圍榆城，先後克大小圍埂，擢提督，賞黃馬褂，更勇號綽勒歡。

In the eighth year the Hui of Xundian besieged Malong. Guofa arrived, joined the armies in battle, and drove them back. Near midnight he surprised the rebel camp, set fire with the wind, and flames filled the sky. Every stockade burned, and the siege was lifted. He turned to pursue the fleeing enemy, took Shilipu, Xiaopian Bridge, and Changpo in succession over more than sixty li, and was promoted to regional commander. As he moved on Zhuyuan Village in Mile, Ma Shide stirred the Hui of Kaihua and Guangnan to its relief. Guofa defeated them at Zhaolin Stockade. In the tenth year he attacked Yunnan County, joined Weishu at Puxiong, and entered by divided routes. Guofa took key positions one after another. The rebels fled to Guanyin Temple. Guofa struck them, destroyed seven blockhouses, pressed to the foot of the walls, and joined Weishu's army. In the eleventh year he blasted more than thirty zhang of the wall. His men scaled it in waves, fought in the streets for a day and a night, and took the city. He left his troops to garrison it. That autumn he moved to Xiaguan, besieged Yucheng, and took the great and small Weiheng stockades in turn. He was promoted to regional commander, awarded the yellow riding jacket, and granted the new title Chuoleguan.

十三年，再權普洱鎮。光緒七年，毓英撫福建，國發率師駐台北。明年，還雲南。十年，從毓英援越南宣光、臨洮，每戰皆克，予優敘。二十六年，卒，附祀毓英祠，予本籍建祠。

In the thirteenth year he again served as acting commander of the Pu'er garrison. In the seventh year of Guangxu, when Yuying became governor of Fujian, Guofa led his army to garrison Taipei. The next year he returned to Yunnan. In the tenth year he followed Yuying to relieve Xuanguang and Linshao in Vietnam. He won every engagement and received preferential record of merit. In the twenty-sixth year he died. He was honored with associated worship at Yuying's shrine, and a shrine was erected in his native place.

張保和，雲南師宗人。初從岑毓英討回寇，積功至守備。同治六年，越境討豬供箐，屢獲勝。寇竄海馬姑，復與蔡標等合擊之。攻大寨，悍酋張項七死拒，保和執予以刺，墮馬，梟其首，寇氣懾，諸軍乘之，大捷，遷游擊。明年，西寇圍省城，毓英入自曲靖，遣保和為前鋒，攻克石虎岡，馳救邵甸，破之。移師楊林，迭克要害，皆揮矛衝陣，所向輒靡。寇見保和旗幟即反奔，無敢與抗者。數負重傷，裹創力戰，氣不少沮。先後攻克呈貢、晉寧、富民、嵩明，大小百餘戰，未嘗一挫。省圍解，遷副將，賜號揚勇巴圖魯，署楚雄協。

Zhang Baohe was a native of Shizong in Yunnan. He first followed Cen Yuying against the Hui rebels and through accumulated merit rose to garrison commander. In the sixth year of Tongzhi he crossed the border to campaign at Zhugong Ravine and won repeated victories. When the rebels fled to Haimagu he again joined Cai Biao and others in a combined attack. Attacking the great stockade, the fierce chieftain Zhang Xiangqi resisted to the death. Baohe seized and stabbed him, fell from his horse, and displayed his head. The rebels' spirit broke, the armies pressed the advantage and won a great victory, and he was promoted to mobile corps commander. The next year western rebels besieged the capital. Yuying entered from Qujing, sent Baohe as vanguard, took Shihu Hill, hurried to relieve Shaodian, and defeated the enemy. He moved to Yanglin and took key positions in succession, always charging the line with spear in hand. Wherever he went the enemy gave way. When rebels saw Baohe's banners they turned and fled. None dared stand against him. He was wounded many times, bound his wounds and fought on, and his spirit never flagged. He took Chenggong, Jinning, Fumin, and Songming in turn. In more than a hundred battles large and small he never suffered a defeat. When the siege of the capital was lifted he was promoted to deputy regional commander, granted the title Yangyong Batulu, and appointed acting commander of the Chuxiong garrison.

規昆陽，遣都司陳貴等自津徑取河西鄉，而自率師攻仁和街，越牆而入，手刃悍寇數人，一鼓克之，河西亦平，於是城圍合。保和揆形勢，謂宜先克海口，因勒兵以進，村民爭迎附，二十餘寨皆下，遂復州城，署開化鎮總兵。九年春，攻彌勒竹園，馬世德赴救，保和迎擊之，身先陷陣，彈貫鼻及眼，血盈面，士卒憤懣，卒大破之。連克上下壩，竹園平。赴本官，更勇號曰剛安。進取茂克，戰數捷，阿迷、大莊望風讋憚。奪後山，增築砲台，俯瞰其寨，日夜轟擊之，汲路絕。寇駭乞降，保和許之，收器械，捕惡黨，徙降回大莊。十一年，以次復田心、日者鄉。時趙發攻鐍兮未下，保和自開化馳剿。直抵馬街，破上下兩寨，徙降回新興，擢提督。十二年，論克騰越功，賞黃馬褂，授鶴麗鎮總兵。

Moving on Kunyang, he sent Brigade Commander Chen Gui by the ford route to take Hexi Township while he led the main force against Renhe Street. He scaled the wall, killed several fierce rebels with his own hand, and took the place at one stroke. Hexi was pacified as well, and the siege closed around the city. Baohe judged that Haikou must be taken first. He pressed forward, villagers vied to submit, and more than twenty stockades fell. The prefectural city was recovered, and he was appointed acting regional commander at Kaihua. In the spring of the ninth year he attacked Zhuyuan in Mile. Ma Shide came to the relief and Baohe met him head-on, plunging first into the line. A bullet pierced his nose and eye and blood covered his face. His soldiers were enraged and routed the enemy. He took the upper and lower dams in succession, and Zhuyuan was pacified. He took up his substantive post, and his title was changed to Gang'an. Advancing on Maoke he won several victories, and Ami and Dazhuang were cowed at the mere report of his approach. He seized the rear hill, built gun emplacements overlooking their stockade, bombarded it day and night, and cut off their water route. Terrified, the rebels begged to surrender. Baohe consented, collected their weapons, arrested the ringleaders, and moved the surrendered Hui to Dazhuang. In the eleventh year he recovered Tianxin and Rizhe Township in succession. Zhao Fa was then attacking Suoxi without success. Baohe hurried from Kaihua to suppress the rebels. He pressed straight to Majie, broke the upper and lower stockades, moved the surrendered Hui to Xinxing, and was promoted to regional commander. In the twelfth year, for merit in taking Tengyue, he was awarded the yellow riding jacket and appointed regional commander of the He-Li garrison.

十三年，開化大窩子土夷复叛，毓英收撫之，檄保和再蒞開化鎮任，發兵二千，責千總李瑤等戍其地。瑤等縱兵凌虐，於是土夷大憤。逾歲，光緒改元，回酋馬河圖嗾與漢民閧，保和慾樹功，與署知府姚嘉驥侈張其事，請調兵數千，發餉巨萬，剋期大舉。毓英廉得實，斥之。保和怒，乃罷戍，以失守聞。毓英遣何秀林進擊，保和诇將至，宵入燔數寨，稱克復。毓英乃罷保和。明年，調湖南永州鎮。三年，卒。

In the thirteenth year the native tribes of Dawozi in Kaihua rebelled again. Yuying pacified them, ordered Baohe back to the Kaihua command, sent two thousand troops, and charged Battalion Commander Li Yao and others to garrison the region. Yao and his men let their troops abuse the people, and the native tribes were greatly enraged. A year later, at the beginning of Guangxu's reign, the Hui chieftain Ma Hetu incited a brawl with Han civilians. Baohe wished to win merit and, with Acting Prefect Yao Jiaji, exaggerated the affair, requesting several thousand troops, vast funds, and a set date for a major campaign. Yuying investigated, learned the truth, and rebuked them. Enraged, Baohe withdrew the garrison and reported the post lost. Yuying sent He Xiulin to attack. Baohe learned through scouts that he was coming, entered by night and burned several stockades, and claimed recovery. Yuying then dismissed Baohe. The next year he was transferred to the Yongzhou garrison in Hunan. In the third year he died.

保和在滇將中以智勇著，功亦盛。其卒也，年未四十，時人惜之。

Among Yunnan's generals Baohe was renowned for wisdom and courage, and his achievements were great. He died before the age of forty, and men of his time mourned him.

論曰：滇回初起，勢頗盛，自如龍反正，其氣始衰。然非有以善馭之，剿撫兼施，滇事亦未易定也。耀曾善於結士，玉科神於用兵，標等皆善攻堅；而毓秀忠樸，兵後能崇儒興學，尤稱知本，民建生祠以祀之，宜哉！

The commentator says: When the Yunnan Hui first rose their power was formidable, but from the time Rulong returned to allegiance their momentum began to fail. Yet without skillful leadership that combined suppression and conciliation, the Yunnan affair would not have been easily settled. Yaoceng excelled at rallying warriors, Yuke was masterful in warfare, and Biao and the others excelled at storming strongholds; while Yuxiu was loyal and plainhearted and, after the war, honored Confucian learning and promoted schools—especially praised for grasping what truly matters—the people built a shrine in his honor while he still lived. And rightly so!

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