1
虞翻字仲翔,會稽餘姚人也。 〈吴书曰:翻少好学,有高气。 年十二,客有候其兄者,不过翻,翻追与书曰:“仆闻虎魄不取腐芥,磁石不受曲针,过而不存,不亦宜乎!” 客得书奇之,由是见称。〉 太守王朗命為功曹。 孫策征會稽,翻時遭父喪,衰絰詣府門,朗欲就之,翻乃脫衰入見,勸朗避策。 朗不能用。 拒戰敗績,亡走浮海。 翻追隨營護,到東部候官,候官長閉城不受,翻往說之,然後見納。 〈吴书曰:翻始欲送朗到广陵,朗惑王方平记,言“疾来邀我,南岳相求”,故遂南行。 既至候官,又欲投交州,翻谏朗曰:“此妄书耳,交州无南岳,安所投乎?” 乃止。〉 朗謂翻曰:"卿有老母,可以還矣。" 〈翻别传曰:朗使翻见豫章太守华歆,图起义兵。 翻未至豫章,闻孙策向会稽,翻乃还。 会遭父丧,以臣使有节,不敢过家,星行追朗至候官。 朗遣翻还,然后奔丧。 而传云孙策之来,翻衰绖诣府门,劝朗避策,则为大异。〉 翻既歸,策覆命為功曹,待以交友之禮。 身詣翻第。 〈江表传曰:策书谓翻曰:“今日之事,当与卿共之,勿谓孙策作郡吏相待也。”〉
Yu Fan, styled Zhongxiang, came from Yuyao in Kuaiji. 〈The Book of Wu records that as a young man Yu Fan loved scholarship and carried himself with uncommon elevation. When he was twelve, a visitor called on his brother but snubbed Yu Fan; Fan sent a letter after him: "They say amber ignores rotten mustard and a lodestone spurns a crooked needle—a slight delivered and unnoticed sits ill with neither party." The guest read the note with admiration, and Fan's reputation began from that hour.〉 The Administrator Wang Lang named him Clerk of Merit. While Sun Ce was marching on Kuaiji, Yu Fan was in mourning for his father; he appeared at the yamen gate in sackcloth. Wang Lang meant to comfort him, but Fan stripped the mourning garb, went inside, and urged Lang to withdraw rather than face Ce. Lang would not follow his counsel. He fought and was routed, then fled by ship onto the open sea. Fan stayed with the column as escort until they reached Houguan in the eastern circuit; the county magistrate barred the gates until Fan talked him round and won them entry. 〈The Book of Wu adds that Fan first meant to see Wang Lang safely to Guangling, but Lang trusted an inscription attributed to Wang Fangping—Hasten and summon me; the Southern Peak calls—and turned his course southward instead. At Houguan he planned to bolt for Jiaozhou; Fan warned him: That text is nonsense—there is no Southern Marchmount in Jiaozhou; what harbor could such a sign point to? Lang gave up the idea. Lang told him: "You have an old mother at home—you should go back." 〈Yu Fan's separate biography says Wang Lang dispatched him to Yuzhang's Hua Xin to plan raising loyal troops. Before he reached Yuzhang he learned Sun Ce was bearing down on Kuaiji and wheeled about. His father had just died, yet as an accredited envoy he would not detour home; he marched nights until he caught Wang Lang at Houguan. Lang released him to return, and only then could Fan observe the funeral rites. The main narrative, however, claims that when Ce approached, Fan appeared at the yamen in mourning bands urging Lang to yield—quite another story.〉 Once Fan was back, Sun Ce restored him as Clerk of Merit and courted him as an equal. He called at Fan's house himself. 〈The Jiangbiao zhuan records Ce's letter: "What we face now we shoulder together—do not imagine I would handle you like any county clerk."〉
2
策好馳騁遊獵,翻諫曰:"明府用烏集之眾,驅散附之士,皆得其死力,雖漢高帝不及也。 至於輕出微行,從官不暇嚴,吏卒常苦之。 夫君人者不重則不威,故曰龍魚服,困於豫且,白蛇自放,劉季害之,願少留意。 "策曰:"君言是也,然時有所思,端坐悒悒,有裨諶草創之計,是以行耳。" 〈吴书曰:策讨山越,斩其渠帅,悉令左右分行逐贼,独骑与翻相得山中。 翻问左右安在,策曰:“悉行逐贼。” 翻曰:“危事也!” 令策下马:“此草深,卒有惊急,马不及萦策,但牵之,执弓矢以步。 翻善用矛,请在前行。” 得平地,劝策乘马。 策曰:“卿无马奈何?” 答曰:“翻能步行,日可二百里,自征讨以来,吏卒无及翻者,明府试跃马,翻能疏步随之。” 行及大道,得一鼓吏,策取角自鸣之,部曲识声,小大皆出,遂从周旋,平定三郡。 江表传曰:策讨黄祖,旋军欲过取豫章,特请翻语曰:“华子鱼自有名字,然非吾敌也。 加闻其战具甚少,若不开门让城,金鼓一震,不得无所伤害,卿便在前具宣孤意。” 翻即奉命辞行,径到郡,请被褠葛巾与 (敌) 相见,谓歆曰:“君自料名声之在海内,孰与鄙郡故王府君?” 歆曰:“不及也。” 翻曰:“豫章资粮多少? 器仗精否? 士民勇果孰与鄙郡?” 又曰:“不如也。” 翻曰:“讨逆将军智略超世,用兵如神,前走刘扬州,君所亲见,南定鄙郡,亦君所闻也。 今欲守孤城,自料资粮,已知不足,不早为计,悔无及也。 今大军已次椒丘,仆便还去,明日日中迎檄不到者,与君辞矣。” 翻既去,歆明旦出城,遣吏迎策。 策既定豫章,引军还吴,飨赐将士,计功行赏,谓翻曰:“孤昔再至寿春,见马日磾,及与中州士大夫会,语我东方人多才耳,但恨学问不博,语议之间,有所不及耳。 孤意犹谓未耳。 卿博学洽闻,故前欲令卿一诣许,交见朝士,以折中国妄语兒。 卿不原行,便使子纲; 恐子纲不能结兒辈舌也。” 翻曰:“翻是明府家宝,而以示人,人倘留之,则去明府良佐,故前不行耳。” 策笑曰:“然。” 因曰:“孤有征讨事,未得还府,卿复以功曹为吾萧何,守会稽耳。” 后三日,便遣翻还郡。 臣松之以为王、华二公於扰攘之时,抗猛锐之锋,俱非所能。 歆之名德,实高於朗,而江表传述翻说华,云“海内名声,孰与於王”,此言非也。 然王公拒战,华逆请服,实由孙策初起,名微众寡,故王能举兵,岂武胜哉? 策后威力转盛,势不可敌,华量力而止,非必用仲翔之说也。 若使易地而居,亦华战王服耳。 按吴历载翻谓歆曰:“窃闻明府与王府君齐名中州,海内所宗,虽在东垂,常怀瞻仰。” 歆答曰:“孤不如王会稽。” 翻复问:“不审豫章精兵,何如会稽?” 对曰:“大不如也。” 翻曰:“明府言不如王会稽,谦光之谭耳; 精兵不如会稽,实如尊教。” 因述孙策才略殊异,用兵之奇,歆乃答云当去。 翻出,歆遣吏迎策。 二说有不同,〔此说为胜也〕。〉 翻出為富春長。
Sun Ce loved the chase; Fan warned him: "You have welded stray levies and loose adherents into men who will die for you—Emperor Gao of Han never drew such fealty." Yet these disguised outings leave escorts no chance to secure a perimeter, and your staff pay the price again and again. A ruler without dignity commands no respect—think of the dragon mistaken for a fish and caught by Yu Ju, or the white serpent that Liu Ji cut down when it roamed unchecked. I beg a moment's attention. Ce answered: "True enough—but sometimes brooding leaves me restless at my desk; like Bi Chen sketching the design of a new age, I ride to clear my head." 〈The Book of Wu tells how Ce, campaigning against the mountain Yue, executed their chiefs and sent his men fanning out after the remnant—while he alone, mounted, ran into Yu Fan on a forest trail. Fan asked where his escort was; Ce replied, "All out hunting bandits." Fan exclaimed, "This is reckless!" He made Ce dismount: The grass is tall—if something strikes, you cannot wheel the horse in time. Lead it by the bridle and go on foot with bow ready. Fan handled a spear well and asked to lead. On open ground he urged Ce back into the saddle. Ce said, "And you have no mount—what then?" Fan answered: "On foot I cover two hundred li a day—since these campaigns began none of your runners has matched me. Spur your horse as you will; I will keep up at an easy stride." On the highway they found a signal drummer; Ce seized the horn and blew the rally himself. His units knew the call and poured in; wheeling together they brought three commanderies to heel. The Jiangbiao zhuan relates that after striking Huang Zu, Ce meant to swing through and seize Yuzhang; he called Fan aside: Hua Ziyu counts for something in reputation, but he is not my equal. Word is his materiel is thin; if he will not open the gates and yield, the first roll of drum and gong will mean bloodshed. Go before me and speak my mind plainly. Fan took his orders, rode straight to the seat, and asked leave to dress in a plain jacket and hemp kerchief for an audience with (the opposing side) Facing Hua Xin he asked, "Measured against our late Administrator Wang here, whose name carries farther across the realm—yours or his?" Xin admitted, "I fall short." Fan pressed: How stand Yuzhang's grain stores? Are arms and armor fit? Do soldiers and civilians match ours in fight? Again Xin said they did not. Fan continued: The General Who Punishes Rebels outthinks his generation and moves armies like spirits—you watched him drive off Liu the Yangzhou Inspector; you know how he pacified our southern commandery. To cling to an isolated wall when your stores already fail the tally is folly—delay until tomorrow and remorse will arrive too late. The host is camped at Jiaoqiu; I ride back now—if by noon tomorrow no surrender comes, consider our conference ended. Fan had hardly gone when Xin appeared at dawn beyond the walls and sent officers to greet Sun Ce. With Yuzhang taken, Ce withdrew to Wu, feasted the army, and parcelled rewards by merit. He told Fan: Twice I visited Shouchun and met Ma Midi; central-plain scholars assured me the east bred talent but sighed that our book learning ran shallow and our debate lacked polish. I was not convinced they were right. You are learned and widely read; I meant to send you once to Xu to match wits with court scholars and silence the sneering boys of the interior. You declined, so I dispatched Zigang instead; I doubt Zigang can tie those youngsters' tongues. Fan replied: "I am treasure kept under your roof; parade me abroad and some court might keep me—you would lose an arm. That is why I stayed." Ce laughed: "Fair enough." He went on: "Campaigning keeps me from headquarters—stay again as my Xiao He in Clerk of Merit guise and hold Kuaiji for me." Three days later he sent Fan home to the commandery. Pei Songzhi remarks that neither Wang nor Hua, in that chaotic hour, could truly have stood against such razor-edged force. Hua Xin's moral stature exceeded Wang Lang's, yet the Jiangbiao zhuan quotes Fan asking whose renown matched Wang's—that line is mistaken. Wang fought while Hua yielded chiefly because Sun Ce was new, obscure, and thinly manned—Wang could afford resistance then; was that martial superiority? Once Ce's power swelled past answering, Hua gauged his odds and quit—not necessarily because Zhongxiang's rhetoric swayed him. Had their situations been reversed, Hua would have stood siege while Wang sued for peace. The Wu calendar quotes Fan telling Xin: "Word reaches even our coast that you and Administrator Wang were paired as luminaries of the interior—we gaze upward though we stand far east." Xin answered, "I am no match for Wang of Kuaiji." Fan asked further how Yuzhang's elite troops compared with Kuaiji's. The reply: "Much weaker." Fan said, Calling yourself beneath Wang of Kuaiji is gracious modesty; but admitting your troops fall short of Kuaiji's—that rings true. He sketched Sun Ce's singular gifts and uncanny generalship until Xin conceded he would yield. Fan withdrew; Xin sent officers to welcome Ce. The sources diverge; this reading carries the stronger claim.〉 Fan was then appointed magistrate of Fuchun.
3
策薨,諸長吏並欲出赴喪,翻曰:"恐鄰縣山民或有奸變,遠委城郭,必致不虞。 "因留制服行喪。 諸縣皆效之,鹹以安寧。 〈《吴书》曰:策薨,权统事。 定武中郎将暠,策之从兄也,屯乌程,整帅吏士,欲取会稽。 会稽闻之,使民守城以俟嗣主之命,因令人告谕暠。 《会稽典录》载翻说暠曰:“讨逆明府,不竟天年。 今摄事统众,宜在孝廉,翻已与一郡吏士,婴城固守,必欲出一旦之命,为孝廉除害,惟执事图之。” 於是暠退。 臣松之案:此二书所说策亡之时,翻犹为功曹,与本传不同。〉 後翻州舉茂才,漢召為侍御使,曹公為司空辟,皆不就。 〈吴书曰:翻闻曹公辟,曰:“盗跖欲以餘财污良家邪?” 遂拒不受。〉
At Ce's death every chief official meant to ride to the mourning hall; Fan warned that hill folk in neighboring counties might turn traitor if the towns were left empty. They stayed in place and observed the rites in mourning dress. Other counties copied the measure and kept the peace. 〈The Book of Wu records Ce's death and Sun Quan's assumption of command. Sun Gao, General Who Fixes Martial Might and Ce's elder male-line cousin, camped at Wucheng, drilled officers and men, and aimed to wrest Kuaiji. Kuaiji manned its walls pending the heir's word and sent envoys to reason with Gao. The Kuaiji dianlu preserves Fan's appeal to Gao: Our General Who Punishes Rebels left life unfinished. Authority now rests with the nominated heir; this commandery's officers and I have chained the gates—if we must spend every life in one dawn to shield him from you, weigh that, sir. Gao drew off. Pei Songzhi observes that both texts place Fan still as Clerk of Merit at Ce's death—at odds with this main biography.〉 The province later nominated him Flourishing Talent; Han summoned him as palace attendant; Cao Cao as Minister of Works called him up—Fan refused every appointment. 〈The Book of Wu says that on hearing Cao Cao's summons Fan muttered, Would Robber Zhi smear a decent house with stolen coin? He therefore refused the summons outright.〉
4
翻與少府孔融書,並示以所著《易注》。 融答書曰:"聞延陵之理樂,睹吾子之治《易》,乃知東南之美者,非徒會稽之竹箭也。 又觀象雲物,察應寒溫,原其禍福,與神合契,可謂探賾窮通者也。 "會稽東部都尉張紘又與融書曰:"虞仲翔前頗為論者所侵,美寶為質,雕摩益光,不足以損。"
Fan corresponded with Kong Rong, Minister of the Household, and sent his commentary on the Changes. Rong answered: "As Yanling ordered music, so you order the Changes—the southeast's glory is not mere Kuaiji bamboo." You read sky-signs and weather-turn, trace fortune's roots until they tally heaven—work worthy of one who sounds the depths of fate. Zhang Hong, eastern Kuaiji commandant, added in his own letter: "Critics have nicked Yu Zhongxiang; polish only brightens a pledged jewel—it cannot diminish him."
5
孫權以為騎都尉。 翻數犯顏諫爭,權不能悅。 又性不協俗,多見謗毀,坐徙丹楊涇縣。 呂蒙圖取關羽,稱疾還建業,以翻兼知醫術,請以自隨,亦欲因此令翻得釋也。 後蒙舉軍西上,南郡太守麋芳開城出降。 蒙未據郡城而作樂沙上。 翻渭蒙曰:“今區區一心者麋將軍也,城中之人豈可盡信,何不急入城持其管答乎?” 蒙即從之。 時城中有伏計,賴翻謀不行。 關羽既敗,權使翻筮之,得兌下坎上,節,五爻變之臨,翻曰:"不出二日,必當斷頭。 "果如翻言。 權曰:"卿不及伏羲,可與東方朔為比矣。"
Sun Quan named him Commandant of Cavalry. Fan importuned Quan until the sovereign's patience frayed. Ill-suited to fashion, he drew slander and was sentenced to exile in Jing county, Danyang. Plotting against Guan Yu, Lü Meng feigned sickness back in Jianye; knowing Fan practiced medicine, he asked Fan along—partly to win Fan's release from banishment. When Meng marched west at full strength, Mi Fang, Nan commandery's administrator, opened the gates. Before occupying the walled city Meng staged music on a river shoal. Fan told Meng: "Only General Mi stands wholly with us—can you trust every soul inside? Seize the granary keys and gate bars now." Meng obeyed at once. A concealed scheme stirred inside the walls; Fan's counsel kept it stillborn. After Guan Yu's defeat Quan had Fan cast yarrow: hexagram Constraint with a moving fifth line toward Approach. Fan declared, "Within two days his neck will part." Events matched his reading exactly. Quan said, "You fall short of Fuxi—but you may rank with Dongfang Shuo."
6
魏將于禁為羽所獲,繫在城中,權至釋之,請與相見。 他日,權乘馬出,引禁並行,翻呵禁曰:"爾降虜,何敢與吾君齊馬首乎! "欲抗鞭擊禁,權呵止之。 後權於樓船會群臣飲,禁聞樂流涕,翻又曰:“汝欲以偽求免邪?” 權帳然不平。 〈吴书曰:后权与魏和,欲遣禁还归北,翻复谏曰:“禁败数万众,身为降虏,又不能死。 北习军政,得禁必不如所规。 还之虽无所损,犹为放盗,不如斩以令三军,示为人臣有二心者。” 权不听。 群臣送禁,翻谓禁曰:“卿勿谓吴无人,吾谋適不用耳。” 禁虽为翻所恶,然犹盛叹翻,魏文帝常为翻设虚坐。〉
The Wei general Yu Jin, taken by Guan Yu and held inside the walls, was freed when Sun Quan arrived; Quan asked for an audience. Another day Quan rode with Jin beside him; Fan barked, "You who yielded as a prisoner—how dare you ride stirrup to stirrup with our sovereign!" Fan raised his whip to lash Jin; Quan shouted him down. Later, at a banquet aboard a tower ship, Jin wept at the music; Fan snapped, "Tears to win sympathy—is that the game?" Quan flushed with resentment. 〈The Book of Wu records that after peace with Wei Sun Quan meant to return Jin north; Fan argued again: Jin broke hosts counted in myriads, then lived on as a prisoner instead of dying honorably. Wei trains for war as routine—Jin will not buy what you hope. Sending him home costs little, yet it frees a bandit; better strike off his head before the host as a warning to any minister who keeps two masters. Quan would not hear of it. As the courtiers escorted Jin away, Fan told him, "Do not mistake silence for emptiness—Wu simply ignored my advice." Jin loathed Fan yet praised him unstintingly; Wei Wendi kept an empty cushion set for Fan at court.
7
權既為吳王,歡宴之末。 自起行酒,翻伏地陽醉,不持。 權去,翻起坐。 權於是大怒,手劍欲擊之,侍坐者莫不惶遽。 惟大司農劉基起抱權諫曰:"大王以三爵之後殺善士,雖翻有罪,天下孰知之?且大王以能容賢畜眾,故海內望風,今一朝棄之,可乎? "權曰:"曹孟德尚殺孔文舉,孤於虞翻何有哉! "基曰:"孟德輕害士人,天下非之。 大王躬行德義,欲與堯、舜比隆,何得自喻於彼乎? "翻由是得免。 權因敕左右,自今酒後言殺,皆不得殺。
Once Sun Quan had taken the title King of Wu, a banquet drew toward its close. Quan himself circulated the cup; Fan sprawled on the floor pretending drunkenness and refused it. When Quan passed on, Fan sat bolt upright. Quan erupted, sword in hand; every guest froze in terror. Only Minister of Agriculture Liu Ji sprang up, caught Quan by the arms, and pleaded: "If you execute a good man after the third toast, who will believe Fan deserved it? You drew the realm by sheltering talent—would you scrap that renown in a single dawn?" Quan snarled, "Cao Cao murdered Kong Rong—what is one Yu Fan to me?" Ji answered, "Cao Cao struck down scholars lightly and the world condemned him." You pattern yourself on Yao and Shun—how dare you measure yourself against him? Fan lived because of it. Quan then commanded his attendants never again to carry out death sentences uttered in wine.
8
翻常乘船行,與麋芳相逢,芳船上人多欲令翻自避,先驅曰:“避將軍船!” 翻厲聲曰:"失忠與信,何以事君? 傾人二城,而稱將軍,可乎? "芳闔戶不應而遽避之。 後翻乘車行,又經芳營勞,吏閉門,車不得過。 翻復怒曰:"當閉反開。 當開反閉。 豈得事宜邪? "芳聞之,有慚色。 翻性疏直,數有酒失。 權與張昭論及神仙,翻指昭曰:"彼皆死人,而語神仙,世豈有仙人也! "權積怒非一,遂徙翻交州。 雖處罪放,而講學不倦,門徒常數百人。 〈翻别传曰:权即尊号,翻因上书曰:“陛下膺明圣之德,体舜、禹之孝,历运当期,顺天济物。 奉承策命,臣独抃舞。 罪弃两绝,拜贺无阶,仰瞻宸极,且喜且悲。 臣伏自刻省,命轻雀鼠,性輶毫釐,罪恶莫大,不容於诛,昊天罔极,全宥九载,退当念戮,频受生活,复偷视息。 臣年耳顺,思咎忧愤,形容枯悴,发白齿落,虽未能死,自悼终没,不见宫阙百官之富,不睹皇舆金轩之饰,仰观巍巍众民之谣,傍听锺鼓侃然之乐,永陨海隅,弃骸绝域,不胜悲慕,逸豫大庆,悦以忘罪。”〉 又為《老子》、《論語》、《國語》訓注,皆傳於世。
Fan was rowing when he met Mi Fang; Fang's crew demanded Fan clear the channel—the herald shouted, "Make way for the general!" Fan roared back, "Faithless to lord and ally—what right have you to the title of general?" You surrendered two cities yet parade the rank—is that fitting? Fang slammed his shutters and gave way in haste. Later Fan drove past Fang's camp gate; the guards barred it and blocked his carriage. Fan thundered, Gates that should stay shut stand wide— gates that should admit you slam shut— does any of this follow rule or sense? Fang colored with shame when he heard. Blunt by temper and often rash with wine, Fan wore Quan's patience thin. Discussing transcendents with Zhang Zhao, Fan jabbed a finger at Zhao: "Every sage you cite lies under earth—yet you prattle of immortals!" Old resentments crested; Quan banished Fan to Jiaozhou. Even in exile he lectured without tiring; hundreds sat at his feet. 〈Yu Fan's separate biography records that once Quan took the imperial title, Fan memorialized: Your Majesty unites enlightened sage virtue with the filial patterns of Shun and Yu; the mandate's turn has come; you aid Heaven in nurturing all below. To uphold the charge handed down from Ce—your servant alone could leap for joy. Cut off by crime and exile, I lack stairs to offer congratulations; I gaze toward the throne—half joy, half grief. I weigh myself: my life weighs less than a sparrow's, my nature thinner than a silk thread; my guilt admits only death—yet boundless Heaven spared me nine years; though I deserve the block, life was granted again and again, and I linger still. I am past sixty: shame and anger consume me; I am a ruin of a man, hair white and teeth gone—still breathing yet mourning the tomb I shall never quit the frontier to see the court's splendor or the imperial equipage; I hear only rumor of hymns and festival drums—doomed to end my bones by the ocean's rim. Grief chokes me, yet your ascent floods me with joy until guilt itself fades. He wrote gloss-commentaries on the Laozi, the Analects, and the Discourses of the States that have circulated ever since.
9
〈翻别传曰:翻初立易注,奏上曰:“臣闻六经之始,莫大阴阳,是以伏羲仰天县象,而建八卦,观变动六爻为六十四,以通神明,以类万物。 臣高祖父故零陵太守光,少治孟氏易,曾祖父故平舆令成,缵述其业,至臣祖父凤为之最密。 臣亡考故日南太守歆,受本於凤,最有旧书,世传其业,至臣五世。 前人通讲,多玩章句,虽有秘说,於经疏阔。 臣生遇世乱,长於军旅,习经於枹鼓之间,讲论於戎马之上,蒙先师之说,依经立注。 又臣郡吏陈桃梦臣与道士相遇,放发被鹿裘,布易六爻,挠其三以饮臣,臣乞尽吞之。 道士言易道在天,三爻足矣。 岂臣受命,应当知经! 所览诸家解不离流俗,义有不当实,辄悉改定,以就其正。 孔子曰:‘乾元用九而天下治。 ’圣人南面,盖取诸离,斯诚天子所宜协阴阳致麟凤之道矣。 谨正书副上,惟不罪戾。” 翻又奏曰:“经之大者,莫过於易。 自汉初以来,海内英才,其读易者,解之率少。 至孝灵之际,颍川荀谞号为知易,臣得其注,有愈俗儒,至所说西南得朋,东北丧朋,颠倒反逆,了不可知。 孔子叹易曰:‘知变化之道者,其知神之所为乎! ’以美大衍四象之作,而上为章首,尤可怪笑。 又南郡太守马融,名有俊才,其所解释,复不及谞。 孔子曰‘可与共学,未可与適道’,岂不其然! 若乃北海郑玄,南阳宋忠,虽各立注,忠小差玄而皆未得其门,难以示世。” 又奏郑玄解尚书违失事目:“臣闻周公制礼以辨上下,孔子曰‘有君臣然后有上下,有上下然后礼义有所错’,是故尊君卑臣,礼之大司也。 伏见故徵士北海郑玄所注尚书,以顾命康王执瑁,古‘月’似‘同’,从误作‘同’,既不觉定,复训为杯,谓之酒杯; 成王疾困凭几,洮颒为濯,以为澣衣成事,‘洮’字虚更作‘濯’,以从其非; 又古大篆‘丱’字读当为‘柳’,古‘柳’‘丱’同字,而以为昧; ‘分北三苗’,‘北’古‘别’字,又训北,言北犹别也。 若此之类,诚可怪也。 玉人职曰天子执瑁以朝诸侯,谓之酒杯; 天子颒面,谓之澣衣; 古篆‘丱’字,反以为昧。 甚违不知盖阙之义。 於此数事,误莫大焉,宜命学官定此三事。 又马融训注亦以为同者大同天下,今经益‘金’就作‘铜’字,诂训言天子副玺,虽皆不得,犹愈於玄。 然此不定,臣没之后,而奋乎百世,虽世有知者,怀谦莫或奏正。 又玄所注五经,违义尤甚者百六十七事,不可不正。 行乎学校,传乎将来,臣窃耻之。” 翻放弃南方,云“自恨疏节,骨体不媚,犯上获罪,当长没海隅,生无可与语,死以青蝇为吊客,使天下一人知己者,足以不恨。” 以典籍自慰,依易设象,以占吉凶。 又以宋氏解玄颇有缪错,更为立法,并著明杨、释宋以理其滞。 臣松之案:翻云“古大篆‘丱’字读当言‘柳’,古‘柳’‘丱’同字”,窃谓翻言为然。 故“刘”“留”“聊”“柳”同用此字,以从声故也,与日辰“卯”字字同音异。 然汉书王莽传论卯金刀,故以为日辰之“卯”,今未能详正。 然世多乱之,故翻所说云。 荀谞,荀爽之别名。〉
〈Yu Fan's separate biography says that when he first finished his Changes commentary he submitted: Among the roots of the Six Classics none outweigh yin and yang; Fuxi therefore hung Heaven's patterns aloft, fixed the eight trigrams, and from shifting lines spun out sixty-four hexagrams to speak with the gods and sort the ten thousand things. My great-grandfather Guang, once prefect of Lingling, mastered the Meng Changes in youth; my great-great-grandfather Cheng, once magistrate of Pingyu, carried the tradition forward; my grandfather Feng refined it furthest. My late father Xin, once prefect of Rinan, studied under Feng and kept the earliest exemplars; five generations have handed the craft to me. Earlier exegetes lectured widely but lingered on petty glosses; secret readings drifted from the text itself. I came of age in chaos and learned the canon between drumbeats and saddlebows; trusting my teachers, I anchor every note in the received text. Commandery clerk Chen Tao dreamed I met a Daoist with loose hair and deerskin cloak who laid out the six lines, plucked three for me to drink; I asked to drain them all. The adept answered that Heaven's Changes need only three lines. Surely fate meant me to grasp the canon! Every commentary I read wallowed in convention; wherever sense missed truth I rewrote until it squared with the classic. Confucius said, When the Creative's ninefold yang moves, the realm finds order. The sage faces south as the trigram Clarity dictates—that is how the Son of Heaven aligns yin and yang and draws auspicious omens. I enclose a clean copy and beg indulgence for presumption. Fan submitted again: No classic rivals the Changes. Since Han began, brilliant men who tackled the book have offered thin commentary. Under Emperor Ling Xun Xu of Yingchuan passed for an Changes master; I have his gloss—it bests pedants—yet his reading of "friends in the southwest, loss in the northeast" flips sense entirely. Confucius marveled, Who grasps change knows the work of spirits! —praising the Great Expansion's four emblems—yet opening a chapter with that line is absurd. Nan commandery's Ma Rong, for all his reputation, still trails Xun Xu. Confucius said you may study together yet not share the Way—was he not right? Beihai's Zheng Xuan and Nanyang's Song Zhong both annotated the text; Song lags Zheng slightly, yet neither found the doorway—unfit for public teaching. He added a catalogue of Zheng Xuan's mistakes on the Documents: The Duke of Zhou framed rites to separate superior from inferior; Confucius said lord and minister precede order, and order precedes ritual—exalting the ruler and humbling ministers is ritual's backbone. On the Testamentary Charge passage where Kang Wang holds the mao ornament, Zheng mistook an archaic "moon" graph for "same," copied it wrong, never corrected it, and glossed the mao as a drinking cup; when King Cheng lay dying against the bench he misread ritual face-washing as laundering garments, gratuitously rewriting "tao" as "zhuo" to suit the error; in large seal script the character guan should be read liu; ancient "liu" and "guan" were one graph—yet Zheng glossed it as "dark"; Banish the San Miao north: bei is the old graph for divide, yet Zheng glosses it as north as if north meant separate. Such readings strain credulity. The Jade Office says the Son of Heaven grasps the mao to meet lords—Zheng turns it into a goblet; the royal face-wash becomes laundering robes; the seal-script guan he reads as gloom. That tramples the maxim to admit ignorance. These three points demand correction by the academicians. Ma Rong likewise reads "same" as universal unity; received texts add "metal" and write "bronze"; his gloss on the secondary seal still misses the mark yet edges ahead of Zheng. Left unsettled after my death, later scholars may guess yet stay silent out of false modesty. Across Zheng's Five Classics I count one hundred sixty-seven grave violations—they cannot stand. To let this reach schools and sons' sons shames me. Exiled southward he wrote, "My stiff spine and graceless bones offended the throne; I shall rot on this shore with none to talk to living and only blowflies for mourners dead—yet one true friend under Heaven would acquit my regret." He soothed himself with the canon, hung divinations on the hexagrams, and read good or ill from them. Song Zhong's reading of Zheng erred often; Fan framed new rules and wrote works to untangle Yang and Song. Pei Songzhi remarks that Fan's equation of the seal graphs guan and liu strikes him as sound. Hence surnames such as Liu, Liu, Liao, and Liu share that script by phonetic loan—not the cyclical stem-branch mao, though the graphs look alike. The Hanshu essay on Wang Mang's "mao metal blade" takes mao as the stem-branch character—a confusion I cannot fully untangle here. Common usage confuses them—hence Fan's warning. Xun Xu is the alternate name of Xun Shuang.
10
初,山陰丁覽,太末徐陵,或在縣吏之中,或眾所未識,翻一見之,便與友善,終鹹顯名。 〈《会稽典录》曰:◎览字孝连,八岁而孤,家又单微,清身立行,用意不苟,推财从弟,以义让称。 仕郡至功曹,守始平长。 为人精微絜净,门无杂宾。 孙权深贵待之,未及擢用,会病卒,甚见痛惜,殊其门户。 览子固,字子贱,本名密,避滕密,改作固。 固在襁褓中,阚泽见而异之,曰:“此兒后必致公辅。” 固少丧父,独与母居,家贫守约,色养致敬,族弟孤弱,与同寒温。 翻与固同僚书曰:“丁子贱塞渊好德,堂构克举,野无遗薪,斯之为懿,其美优矣。 令德之后,惟此君嘉耳。” 历显位,孙休时固为左御史大夫,孙皓即位,迁司徒。 皓悖虐,固与陆凯、孟宗同心忧国,年七十六卒。 子弥,字钦远,仕晋,至梁州刺史。 孙潭,光禄大夫。 ◎徐陵字元大,历三县长,所在著称,迁零陵太守。 时朝廷俟以列卿之位,故翻书曰:“元大受上卿之遇,叔向在晋,未若於今。” 其见重如此。 陵卒,僮客土田或见侵夺,骆统为陵家讼之,求与丁览、卜清等为比,权许焉。 陵子平,字伯先,童龀知名,翻甚爱之,屡称叹焉。 诸葛恪为丹杨太守,讨山越,以平威重思虑,可与效力,请平为丞,稍迁武昌左部督,倾心接物,士卒皆为尽力。 初,平为恪从事,意甚薄,及恪辅政,待平益疏。 恪被害,子建亡走,为平部曲所得,平使遣去,别为佗军所获。 平两妇归宗,敬奉情过乎厚。 其行义敦笃,皆此类也。〉 在南十餘年,年七十卒。 〈《吴书》曰:翻虽在徙弃,心不忘国,常忧五谿宜讨,以辽东海绝,听人使来属,尚不足取,今去人财以求马,既非国利,又恐无获。 欲谏不敢,作表以示吕岱,岱不报,为爱憎所白,复徙苍梧猛陵。 《江表传》曰:后权遣将士至辽东,於海中遭风,多所没失,权悔之,乃令曰:“昔赵简子称诸君之唯唯,不如周舍之谔谔。 虞翻亮直,善於尽言,国之周舍也。 前使翻在此,此役不成。” 促下问交州,翻若尚存者,给其人船,发遣还都; 若以亡者,送丧还本郡,使兒子仕宦。 会翻已终。〉
Ding Lan of Shanyin and Xu Ling of Taimo—petty clerks or men the world had never heard of—won Yu Fan's friendship at a glance and rose to renown. 〈The Kuaiji dianlu notes Ding Lan, styled Xiaolian: orphaned at eight from a poor house, he kept scrupulous conduct, gave his inheritance to a cousin, and earned fame for yielding. He rose to Clerk of Merit and acting magistrate of Shiping. Refined, punctilious, and austere, he admitted no casual callers. Sun Quan esteemed him highly but died before promoting him; Quan grieved deeply and honored his kin. His son Gu, styled Zijian—born Mi—renamed Gu to avoid Teng Mi's name. Kan Ze peered into his cradle and declared, "This boy will reach the highest councils." Gu lost his father young and kept his mother in poverty yet filial ease; he sheltered a helpless cousin as his own. Fan wrote a fellow official: Ding Zijian is depth and virtue embodied; he raises the family hall without leaving kindling in the field—that is true grace. Among sons of good stock none shines like him. He climbed to high office—Left Imperial Clerk under Sun Xiu, Minister of Education once Sun Hao ruled. When Hao turned vicious, Gu joined Lu Kai and Meng Zong in loyal anxiety; he died at seventy-six. His son Mi, styled Qinyuan, served Jin as Inspector of Liangzhou. Grandson Tan became Household Grandee. ◎ Xu Ling, styled Yuanda, distinguished himself over three magistracies and became prefect of Lingling. The court meant to give him ministerial rank; Fan wrote, "Yuanda gains honors Shuxiang never saw in Jin." Such was the regard he commanded. After Ling died, creditors preyed on his bondservants and fields; Luo Tong sued for his family and won Sun Quan's nod to match Ding Lan's precedent. His son Ping, styled Boxian, was a prodigy Yu Fan doted on and praised aloud. Zhuge Ke, campaigning in Danyang, valued Ping's weight of character and took him as aide, then raised him to command Wu's left wing—where Ping won every rank and file heart. Ke had once slighted Ping as a mere clerk; as chief minister he kept him at even greater distance. Ke's son Jian ran into Ping's troops; Ping sent him on, only for another column to take him. He showed two estranged wives a generosity warmer than ritual required. His integrity ran thick and true—every deed of this stamp.〉 He spent a dozen years in the far south and died at seventy. 〈The Book of Wu says exile never dimmed Fan's patriotism—he pressed for action in Wuxi, dismissed Liaodong fealty across broken seas, and warned that trading treasure for horses helped nobody. He drafted advice for Lü Dai, heard nothing back, fell victim to slander, and was shifted deeper into Cangwu. The Jiangbiao zhuan tells how failed Liaodong fleets moved Quan to cite Zhao Jianzi: flatterers cannot rival one honest Zhou She. Yu Fan's blunt candor makes him Wu's Zhou She. With Fan at court that folly would never have sailed. He ordered Jiaozhou questioned at once—if Fan lived, send a ship to bring him home; if he had died, return the coffin and ennoble his sons. Fan was already gone.〉
11
歸葬舊墓,妻子得還。 〈会稽典录曰:孙亮时,有山阴硃育,少好奇字,凡所特达,依体象类,造作异字千名以上。 仕郡门下书佐。 太守濮阳兴正旦宴见掾吏,言次,问:“太守昔闻硃颍川问士於郑召公,韩吴郡问士於刘圣博,王景兴问士於虞仲翔,尝见郑、刘二答而未睹仲翔对也。 钦闻国贤,思睹盛美有日矣,书佐宁识之乎?” 育对曰:“往过习之。 昔初平末年,王府君以渊妙之才,超迁临郡,思贤嘉善,乐采名俊,问功曹虞翻曰:‘闻玉出昆山,珠生南海,远方异域,各生珍宝。 且曾闻士人叹美贵邦,旧多英俊,徒以远於京畿,含香未越耳。 功曹雅好博古,宁识其人邪? ’翻对曰:‘夫会稽上应牵牛之宿,下当少阳之位,东渐巨海,西通五湖,南暢无垠,北渚浙江,南山攸居,实为州镇,昔禹会群臣,因以命之。 山有金木鸟兽之殷,水有鱼盐珠蚌之饶,海岳精液,善生俊异,是以忠臣系踵,孝子连闾,下及贤女,靡不育焉。 ’王府君笑曰:‘地势然矣,士女之名可悉闻乎? ’翻对曰:‘不敢及远,略言其近者耳。 往者孝子句章董黯,尽心色养,丧致其哀,单身林野,鸟兽归怀,怨亲之辱,白日报雠,海内闻名,昭然光著。 太中大夫山阴陈嚣,渔则化盗,居则让邻,感侵退籓,遂成义里,摄养车妪,行足厉俗,自扬子云等上书荐之,粲然传世。 太尉山阴郑公,清亮质直,不畏强御。 鲁相山阴锺离意,禀殊特之姿,孝家忠朝,宰县相国,所在遗惠,故取养有君子之謩,鲁国有丹书之信。 及陈宫、费齐皆上契天心,功德治状,记在汉籍,有道山阴赵晔,徵士上虞王充,各洪才渊懿,学究道源,著书垂藻,骆驿百篇,释经传之宿疑,解当世之槃结,或上穷阴阳之奥秘,下摅人情之归极。 交阯刺史上虞綦毋俊,拔济一郡,让爵土之封。 决曹掾上虞孟英,三世死义。 主簿句章梁宏,功曹史餘姚驷勋,主簿句章郑云,皆敦终始之义,引罪免居。 门下督盗贼餘姚伍隆,鄮莫候反。 主簿任光,章安小吏黄他,身当白刃,济君於难。 扬州从事句章王脩,委身授命,垂声来世。 河内太守上虞魏少英,遭世屯蹇,忘家忧国,列在八俊,为世英彦。 尚书乌伤杨乔,桓帝妻以公主,辞疾不纳。 近故太尉上虞硃公,天姿聪亮,钦明神武,策无失谟,征无遗虑,是以天下义兵,思以为首。 上虞女子曹娥,父溺江流,投水而死,立石碑纪,炳然著显。 ’王府君曰:‘是既然矣,颍川有巢、许之逸轨,吴有太伯之三让,贵郡虽士人纷纭,於此足矣。 ’翻对曰:‘故先言其近者耳,若乃引上世之事,及抗节之士,亦有其人。 昔越王翳让位,逃于巫山之穴,越人薰而出之,斯非太伯之俦邪? 且太伯外来之君,非其地人也。 若以外来言之,则大禹亦巡於此而葬之矣。 鄞大里黄公,絜己暴秦之世,高祖即阼,不能一致,惠帝恭让,出则济难。 徵士餘姚严遵,王莽数聘,抗节不行,光武中兴,然后俯就,矫手不拜,志陵云日。 皆著於传籍,较然彰明,岂如巢、许,流俗遗谭,不见经传者哉? ’王府君笑曰:‘善哉话言也! 贤矣,非君不著。 太守未之前闻也。 ’”濮阳府君曰:“御史所云,既闻其人,亚斯已下,书佐宁识之乎?” 育曰:“瞻仰景行,敢不识之? 近者太守上虞陈业,絜身清行,志怀霜雪,贞亮之信,同操柳下,遭汉中微,委官弃禄,遁迹黟歙,以求其志,高邈妙踪,天下所闻,故 (桓文) 〔桓文林〕遗之尺牍之书,比竟三高。 其聪明大略,忠直謇谔,则侍御史餘姚虞翻、偏将军乌伤骆统。 其渊懿纯德,则太子少傅山阴阚泽,学通行茂,作帝师儒。 其雄姿武毅,立功当世,则后将军贺齐,勋成绩著。 其探极秘术,言合神明,则太史令上虞吴范。 其文章之士,立言粲盛,则御史中丞句章任奕,鄱阳太守章安虞翔,各驰文檄,晔若春荣。 处士 (邓) 卢叙,弟犯公宪,自杀乞代。 吴宁斯敦、山阴祁庚、上虞樊正,咸代父死罪。 其女则松阳柳硃、永宁 (瞿素) 〔翟素〕,或一醮守节,丧身不顾,或遭寇劫贼,死不亏行。 皆近世之事,尚在耳目。” 府君曰:“皆海内之英也。 吾闻秦始皇二十五年,以吴越地为会稽郡,治吴。 汉封诸侯王,以何年复为郡,而分治於此?” 育对曰:“刘贾为荆王,贾为英布所杀,又以刘濞为吴王。 景帝四年,濞反诛,乃复为郡,治於吴。 元鼎五年,除东越,因以其地为治,并属於此,而立东部都尉,后徙章安。 阳朔元年,又徙治鄞,或有寇害,复徙句章。 到永建四年,刘府君上书,浙江之北,以为吴郡,会稽还治山阴。 自永建四年岁在己巳,以至今年,积百二十九岁。” 府君称善。 是岁,吴之太平三年,岁在丁丑。 育后仕朝,常在台阁,为东观令,遥拜清河太守,加位侍中,推刺占射,文艺多通。〉
His bones went to the family plot; wife and children were free to return. 〈The Kuaiji dianlu names Zhu Yu of Shanyin, a Sun Liang-era clerk who invented over a thousand variant characters by analogy. He rose from gate clerk in the yamen. At the morning feast Puyang Xing recalled how earlier prefects had polled scholars—through Zhu of Yingchuan, Han of Wu, and Wang Jingxing—and admitted he had never seen Yu Fan's celebrated answer. He confessed he had hungered after that lore—could the clerk supply it? Yu answered that he had memorized Fan's reply. Fan remembered how Administrator Wang, newly elevated, once asked him: 'Jade comes from Kun peaks and pearls from the southern sea—every quarter hoards its gems." Travelers praise your commandery's worthies—too distant from Luoyang to perfume the capital, yet rich in men. You love old learning—can you name them? Fan answered: 'Kuaiji mirrors Oxherd above and Lesser Yang below—sea east, lakes west, limitless south, Zhe River north—the ground Yu chose when he rallied his lords." Its hills and tides breed loyalty street by street—even women rise to renown. Wang smiled and pressed for names. Fan begged leave to stay recent. He cited Dong Dan of Gouzhang—filial, wilderness-haunted, beast-taming avenger whose tale shook the empire. Chen Xiao turned robbers into neighbors and adopted a cart-pushing crone—Yang Xiong among many sang his praise. Prefect Zheng faced bullies without flinching. Zhongli Yi governed Lu with mercy so deep it entered proverb. He ranged from Chen Gong to Wang Chong—Han historians carved their names; Zhao Ye and Wang Chong plumbed heaven and earth on the page. Qimu Jun saved Jiaozhi and refused a noble stake. Three Meng Yings in a row chose death over dishonor. Liang Hong, Si Xun, and Zheng Yun quit posts rather than stain their term. Wu Long of Yuyao held the bandit portfolio when Mo Hou rose in Mao. Ren Guang and Huang Ta bought their lord's life with their skin. Wang Xiu died so his lord might live—posterity remembers. Wei Shaoying of the Eight Worthies chose the realm over hearth. Yang Qiao refused an imperial princess on grounds of sickness. Zhu Gong united loyal armies when the Han flag frayed. Cao E leaped after her drowned father—the stone by the bank still tells it. Wang answered that Chaofu and Taibo already crowned Kuaiji's fame. Fan replied that older marvels waited if Wang wished. King Yi of Yue fled abdication into a cave—hardly less stubborn than Taibo. Taibo was an outsider in Wu by birth. Count Yu the exile—his grave lies in this soil too. Huang Gong hid from Qin and Han alike yet surfaced when the heir needed him. Yan Zun defied Wang Mang, bowed only to Guangwu, and would not kneel. Their deeds fill annals—not rumor like Chaofu lore. Wang laughed—fine speech. None but Yu could have voiced it. The prefect had never heard the catalogue. Puyang Xing pressed: who ranked beneath Fan's heroes? Yu bowed to virtue—how could he forget? He named Chen Ye—spotless recluse of the Han collapse whose fame crossed provinces—therefore (Huan Wen) Text variants name Huan Wen or Huan Wenlin as the man who wrote—posterity ranked Chen Ye with the Three Lofty Ones. Yu Fan and Luo Tong stood for wit and blunt loyalty. Kan Ze tutored the heir in classical breadth. He Qi's campaigns wrote themselves into Wu history. Wu Fan read heaven like an open book. Ren Yi and Yu Xiang lit the era with brush and edict. Among recluses (Deng) Lu Xu died to ransom a guilty brother. Si Dun, Qi Geng, and Fan Zheng walked to the block for fathers' crimes. Among women—Liu Zhu of Songyang and another of Yongning (Qu Su) Zhai Su (or Qu Su in some manuscripts) stands with widows who chose death over shame when steel crossed their path. Living memory still holds these tales. The prefect murmured that Wu held the empire's best. He asked when Qin turned Wu-Yue into Kuaiji seated at Wu. When did Han kings yield again to a direct prefect? Yu traced Liu Jia's kingship, Ying Bu's murder, Liu Pi's crown. Jing's fourth year broke Pi and restored a Wu seat. Yuanding erased Eastern Yue and folded its lands under Kuaiji's eastern command. Yangshuo moved the yamen to Yin, then Gouzhang under raid. Yongjian split Zhe's north into Wu and brought Kuaiji home to Shanyin. One hundred twenty-nine years had passed since that resettlement. The prefect applauded the chronology. The dialogue fell in Wu Taiping 3, dingchou. Zhu Yu rose to Dongguan director, Qinghe by patent, and palace consultant—master of omens and letters.〉
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翻有十一子。 第四子汜最知名,永安初,從選曹朗為散騎中常侍,後為監軍使者,討扶嚴,病卒, 〈会稽典录曰:汜字世洪,生南海,年十六,父卒,还乡里。 孙綝废幼主,迎立琅邪王休。 休未至,綝欲入宫,图为不轨,召百官会议,皆惶怖失色,徒唯唯而已。 汜对曰:“明公为国伊周,处将相之位,擅废立之威,将上安宗庙,下惠百姓,大小踊跃,自以伊霍复见。 今迎王未至,而欲入宫,如是,群下摇荡,众听疑惑,非所以永终忠孝,扬名后世也。” 綝不怿,竟立休。 休初即位,汜与贺邵、王蕃、薛莹俱为散骑中常侍。 以讨扶严功拜交州刺史、冠军将军、餘姚侯,寻卒。〉 汜弟忠,宜都太守。 〈会稽典录曰:忠字世方,翻第五子。 贞固幹事,好识人物,造吴郡陆机於童龀之年,称上虞魏迁於无名之初,终皆远致,为著闻之士。 交同县王岐於孤宦之族,仕进先至宜都太守,忠乃代之。 晋征吴,忠与夷道监陆晏、晏弟中夏督景坚守不下,城溃被害。 忠子谭,字思奥。 《晋阳秋》称谭清贞有检操,外如退弱,内坚正有胆幹。 仕晋,历位内外,终於卫将军,追赠侍中左光禄大夫,开府仪同三司。〉 聳,越騎校尉。 累遷廷尉,湘東、河間太守; 〈会稽典录曰:耸字世龙,翻第六子也。 清虚无欲,进退以礼,在吴历清官,入晋,除河间相,王素闻耸名,厚敬礼之。 耸抽引人物,务在幽隐孤陋之中。 时王岐难耸,以高士所达,必合秀异,耸书与族子察曰:“世之取士,曾不招未齿於丘园,索良才於总猥,所誉依已成,所毁依已败,此吾所以叹息也。” 耸疾俗丧祭无度,弟昺卒,祭以少牢,酒饭而已,当时族党并遵行之。〉 昺,廷尉尚書,濟陰太守。 〈会稽典录曰:昺字世文,翻第八子也。 少有倜傥之志,仕吴黄门郎,以捷对见异,超拜尚书侍中。 晋军来伐,遣昺持节都督武昌已上诸军事,昺先上还节盖印绶,然后归顺。 在济阴,抑强扶弱,甚著威风。〉
Yu Fan fathered eleven sons. Fourth-born Si stood tallest—promoted from Selection clerk to mounted attendant, then died leading troops against Fuyan. 〈The Kuaiji dianlu says Si, styled Shihong, was Nanhai-born and came home at sixteen when his father died. Sun Lin cast the boy emperor aside for Prince Langye's Sun Xiu. Lin meant to seize the palace before Xiu arrived; the bureaucrats could only nod, pale. Si told Lin he played Yi Yin to the realm—why panic the court by rushing the harem? Entering the palace early would shake faith and stain his fame. Lin sulked yet crowned Xiu. Xiu kept Si, He Shao, Wang Fan, and Xue Ying as close attendants. Fuyan won him Jiaozhou, the Champion baton, and Yuyan marquisate—then death.〉 Younger brother Zhong governed Yidu. 〈The Kuaiji dianlu gives Zhong as Fan's fifth son, styled Shifang. Zhong spotted Lu Ji as a boy and Wei Qian before fame—both climbed high. He bonded with clerk-born Wang Qi—Qi held Yidu first, Zhong followed. Yu Zhong died defending Yidao beside Lu Yan and Lu Jing when Jin breached the walls. His son Tan styled Si'ao. The Jinyang qiu calls Tan reserved yet steel inside—soft-spoken but unbending. Under Jin he reached Defender-in-Chief and won posthumous ministerial glory.〉 Yu Song served as Colonel of Agile Cavalry. He rose to Commandant of Justice and prefect of Xiangdong and Hejian; 〈The Kuaiji dianlu names Song as Fan's sixth son, styled Shilong. Ascetic and punctilious in Wu, he became Hejian chancellor under Jin; Prince Su honored his reputation. He insisted on lifting talent from hedgerows and hovels. Wang Qi argued great names imply genius; Song answered his kinsman Cha that patronage chases winners and shuns unknowns—a vice worth mourning. He trimmed funeral feasts to wine and grain when Bing died, and kin copied him.〉 Bing rose to ministerial rank and governed Jiyin. 〈The Kuaiji dianlu records Bing, Fan's eighth son, styled Shiwen. Wu valued his wit at the Yellow Gates and jumped him to palace minister. Facing invasion Bing surrendered credentials above Wuchang before yielding. At Jiyin he humbled bullies and shielded commoners—justice visible on the street.〉
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陸績字公紀,吳郡吳人也。 父康,漢末為廬江太守。 〈谢承后汉书曰:康字季宁,少惇孝悌,勤脩操行,太守李肃察孝廉。 肃后坐事伏法,康敛尸送丧还颍川,行服,礼终,举茂才,历三郡太守,所在称治,后拜庐江太守。〉 績年六歲,於九江見袁術。 術出橘,績懷三枚,去,拜辭墮地,術謂曰:“陸郎作賓客而懷橘乎?” 績跪答曰:"欲歸遺母。 "術大奇之。 孫策在吳,張昭、張紘、秦松為上賓,共論四海未泰,須當用武治而平之,績年少末坐,遙大聲言曰:"昔管夷吾相齊桓公,九合諸候,一匡天下,不用兵車。 孔子曰:'遠人不服,則修文德以來之。 '今論者不務道德懷取之術,而惟尚武,績雖童蒙,竊所未安也。 "昭等異焉。
Lu Ji, styled Gongji, hailed from Wu commandery. His father Kang governed Lujiang in Han's twilight. 〈Xie Cheng's Hou Hanshu says Kang, styled Jining, earned a Flourishing Talent nomination for filial conduct. When Li Su fell to the law Kang bore his body home, mourned fully, then rose through three prefectures to Lujiang.〉 Ji met Yuan Shu in Jiujiang at age six. Shu offered oranges; six-year-old Ji hid three in his sleeve until they spilled at leave-taking—Shu teased him about stealing fruit. Ji knelt and said he meant them for his mother. Shu stared in delight. At Ce's council on conquering the realm, boy Ji barked from the lowest seat that Guan Zhong unified Qi without war. He quoted Confucius—win strangers with culture, not steel. He pleaded his youth yet insisted glorifying arms unsettled him. The elders listened slack-jawed.
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績容貌雄壯,博學多識,星歷算數無不該覽。 虞翻舊齒名盛,龐統荊州令士,年亦差長,皆與績友善。 孫權統事,闢為奏曹掾,以直道見憚,出為鬱林太守,加偏將軍,給兵二千人。 績既有躄疾,又意在儒雅,非其志也。 雖有軍事,著述不廢,作《渾天圖》,注《易》釋《玄》,皆傳於世。 豫自知亡日,乃為辭曰:"有漢志士吳郡陸績,幼敦《詩》、《書》,長玩《禮》、《易》受命南征,遘疾遇厄,遭命不幸,嗚呼悲隔! "又曰:"從今已去,六十年之外,車同軌,書同文,恨不及見也。 "年三十二卒。 長子宏,會稽南部都尉,次子睿,長水校尉。 〈绩於郁林所生女,名曰郁生,適张温弟白。 姚信集有表称之曰:“臣闻唐、虞之政,举善而教,旌德擢异,三王所先,是以忠臣烈士,显名国朝,淑妇贞女,表迹家闾。 盖所以阐崇化业,广殖清风,使苟有令性,幽明俱著,苟怀懿姿,士女同荣。 故王蠋建寒松之节而齐王表其里,义姑立殊绝之操而鲁侯高其门。 臣切见故郁林太守陆绩女子郁生,少履贞特之行,幼立匪石之节,年始十三,適同郡张白。 侍庙三月,妇礼未卒,白遭罹家祸,迁死异郡。 郁生抗声昭节,义形於色,冠盖交横,誓而不许,奉白姊妹嶮巇之中,蹈履水火,志怀霜雪,义心固於金石,体信贯於神明,送终以礼,邦士慕则。 臣闻昭德以行,显行以爵,苟非名爵,则劝善不严,故士之有诔,鲁人志其勇,巳妇见书,齐人哀其哭。 乞蒙圣朝,斟酌前训,上开天聪,下垂坤厚,褒郁生以义姑之号,以厉两髦之节,则皇风穆暢,士女改视矣。”〉
Strapping and encyclopedic, he mastered stars, calendars, and mathematics. Yu Fan and Pang Tong, his elders in fame, counted Ji friend. Quan named him memorial clerk until blunt honesty exiled him to Yulin with rank and two thousand soldiers. Lame and bookish, generalship never suited him. Camp life never stopped his brush—his cosmograph and Change commentary survive. Knowing the hour of death he drafted his lament—a scholar's epitaph for a Han heart broken on the Ling frontier. He prophesied reunification within sixty years he would not live to witness. He died at thirty-two. Hong commanded southern Kuaiji; Rui led the Long River corps. 〈His Yulin daughter Yusheng wed Zhang Bai, Zhang Wen's brother. Yao Xin petitioned that Tang-Yu governance honored worthy women as much as loyal men. Such praise steadies custom for men and women alike. Classic exemplars—Wang Zhuo's lane, the Lu aunt's gate—prove the point. The memorial names Yusheng, Lu Ji's girl—betrothed at thirteen to Zhang Bai. Three months into marriage Bai died afar in family disaster. She refused every suitor, nursed Bai's sisters through ruin, and buried him—Wu's matrons took note. The memorial cites Lu dirges and Qi's weeping widow—honor needs a title. Yao begged the throne to name Yusheng Righteous Aunt and shame faint hearts.〉
15
張溫字惠恕,吳郡吳人也。 父允,以輕財重士,名顯州郡,為孫權東曹掾。 卒。 溫少修節操,容貌奇偉。 權聞之,以問公卿曰:“溫當今與誰為比?” 大 (司) 農劉基曰:"可與全琮為輩。 "太常顧雍曰:"基未詳其為人也。 溫當今無輩。 "權曰:"如是,張允不死也。 "征到延見,文辭占對,觀者傾竦,權改容加禮。 罷出,張昭執其手曰:"老夫托意,君宜明之。 "拜議郎、選曹尚書,徙太子太傅,甚見信重。
Zhang Wen, styled Huishu, came from Wu. Father Yun, famed for patronage, clerked Quan's eastern bureau. Yun died young. Wen cultivated character and looked every inch a leader. Quan asked the court Wen's peer. Grand Minister of Agriculture (the character si completing the title) Liu Ji replied that Wen ranked with Quan Cong. Gu Yong cut in—Ji hardly knew Wen yet. Wen has no peer now. Quan cried that Yun's ghost might rest. At Yan audience his eloquence staggered the hall; Quan bowed deeper. Zhang Zhao whispered trust at parting. He climbed to Selection minister and heir tutor—Quan's favorite.
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時年三十二,以輔義中郎將使蜀。 權謂溫曰:"卿不宜遠出,恐諸葛孔明不知吾所以與曹氏通意, (以) 故屈卿行。 若山越都除,便欲大構於蜀。 行人之義,受命不受辭也。 "溫對曰:"臣入無腹心之規,出無專對之用,懼無張老延譽之功,又無子產陳事之效。 然諸葛亮達見計數,必知神慮屈申之宜,加受朝廷天覆之惠,推亮之心,必無疑貳。 "溫至蜀,詣闕拜章曰:
At thirty-two he crossed to Shu as Establishing Righteousness general. Quan feared Kongming would misunderstand Wu's tie to Wei— Therefore he pressed Wen to accept the embassy. Once Yue rebels fell he planned wide pact with Shu. Envoys carry charge, not scripts. Wen apologized for lacking Zhang Lao's fame or Zichan's tongue. Yet Zhuge Liang would read Wu's sky-covering favor and harbor no suspicion. At Chengdu he mounted the stair with memorial in hand:
17
昔高宗以諒闇昌殷祚於再興,成王以幼沖隆周德於太平,功冒溥天,聲貫罔極。 今陛下以聰明之姿,等契往古,總百揆於良佐,參列精這炳耀,遐邇望風,莫不欣賴。 吳國勤任旅力,清澄江滸,願與有道平一宇內,委心協規,有如河水,軍事興煩,使役乏少,是以忍鄙倍之羞,使下臣溫通致情好。 陛下敦祟禮義,未便恥忽。 臣自 (入) 遠境,及即近郊,頻蒙勞來,恩詔輒加,以榮自懼,悚怛若驚。 謹奉所□函書一封。
He opened by praising Shang Gaozong and boy King Cheng—tottering thrones steadied by sage regents. He hailed the Shu emperor's wit and bench of stars that drew the realm. Wu pled fatigue on every front yet stretched envoys to affirm alliance. He prayed Shu would not scorn Wu's courtesy. From the moment your servant (entered) crossed the frontier into your suburbs every kindness fell until humble awe shook me like panic. He respectfully enclosed his prince's sealed dispatch.
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蜀甚貴其才。 還,頃之,使入豫章部伍出兵,事業未究。
Shu honored his gifts. Home again Quan posted him to muster Yuzhang troops—work cut short.
19
權既陰銜溫稱美蜀政,又嫌其聲名大盛,眾庶炫惑,恐終不為己用,思有以中傷之,會暨艷事起,遂因此發舉。 艷字子休,亦吳郡人也,溫引致之,以為選曹郎,至尚書。 艷性狷厲,好為清議,見時郎署混濁淆雜,多非其人,欲臧否區別,賢愚異貫。 彈射百僚,核選三署,率皆貶高就下,降損數等,其守故者十未能一,其居位貪鄙,志節污卑者,皆以為軍吏,置營府以處之。 而怨憤之聲積,浸潤之譖行矣。 競言艷及選曹郎徐彪,專用私情,愛憎不由公理。 艷、彪皆坐自殺。 溫宿與艷、彪同意,數交書疏,聞問往還,即罪溫。 權幽之有司,下令曰:
Quan envied Wen's Shu praise and towering name—Ji Yan's purge gave cover. Ji Yan—another Wu man Wen promoted to Selection minister. Yan meant to cleanse the clerk corps with ruthless rankings. He shattered careers—demoting most clerks and drafting bottom feeders into camp duty. Grudges mounted; poison memos flew. Rumor branded Yan and Xu Biao partisan. Both men suicide under interrogation. Wen's letters to them damned him. Quan clapped him in jail and proclaimed:
20
昔令召張溫,虛己待之,既至顯授,有過舊臣,何圖兇丑,專挾異心! 昔暨艷父兄,附於惡逆,寡人無忌,故近而任之,欲觀艷何如。 察其中問,形態果見。 而溫與之結連死生,艷所進退。 皆溫所為頭角,更相表裡,共為腹背,非溫之黨,即就疵瑕,為之生論。 又前任溫董督三郡,指撝吏客及殘餘兵,時恐有事,欲令速歸,故授棨戟,獎以威柄。 乃便到豫章,表討宿惡,寡人信受其言。 特以繞帳、帳下、解煩兵五千人付之。 後聞曹丕自出淮、泗,故豫敕溫有急便出。 而溫悉內諸將,佈於深山,被命不至。 賴丕自退。 不然,已往豈可深計,又殷禮者,本占候召,而溫先後乞將到蜀,扇揚異國,為之譚論。 又禮之還,當親本職,而令守尚書戶曹郎,如此署置,在溫而已。 又溫語賈原,當薦卿作御史,語蔣康,當用卿代賈原,專衒賈國恩,為己形勢。 揆其奸心,無所不為。 不忍暴於市朝,今斥還本郡,以給廝吏。 嗚呼溫也,免罪為幸!
Quan raged that Wen betrayed trust lavished on him. He recalled hiring Ji Yan despite kin guilt to test the man. Yan's colors showed soon enough. Wen wagered life on Ji Yan's roster—every lift and fall answered to Wen alone; allies wore honor while outsiders faced forged scandal. Quan reminded granting Wen halberd command to rush home reserves. Instead Wen petitioned Yuzhang bandit hunts Quan funded. Five thousand picked troops followed his banner. When Pi marched east Quan ordered Wen ready. Wen hid his host in hills and ignored mobilization. Pi retired without battle—luck alone. Quan lumped in Yin Li's Shu missions as Wen's foreign intrigue. Yin Li should have reclaimed his old desk; Wen parked him in Household affairs—a patronage seat. He promised Jia Yuan the censorate and Jiang Kang Jia's chair—trading palace favors for faction. Given that bent mind, no intrigue seemed beneath him. Quan spared him execution—sent him home as a scrub clerk. Wen keeps his head—that passes for mercy.
21
將軍駱統表理溫曰:
Luo Tong petitioned for Wen:
22
伏惟殿下,天生明德,神啟聖心,招髦秀於四方,署俊乂於宮朝。 多士既受普篤之恩,張溫又蒙最隆之施。 而溫自招罪譴,孤負榮遇,念其如此,誠可悲疚。 然臣周旋之間,為國觀聽,深知其狀,故密陳其理。 溫實心無他情,事無逆跡,但年紀尚少,鎮重尚淺,而戴赫烈之寵,體卓偉之才,亢臧否之譚,效褒貶之議。 於是務勢者妒者寵,爭名者嫉其才,玄默者非其譚,瑕釁者諱其議,此臣下所當詳辨,明朝所當究察也,昔賈誼,至忠之臣也,漢文,大明之君也,然而絳、灌一言,賈誼遠退。 何者? 疾之者深,譖之者巧也。 然而誤聞於天下,失彰於後世,故孔子曰:‘為君難,為臣不易’也。 溫雖智非從橫,武非虓武,然其弘雅之素,英秀之德,文章之采,論議之辯,卓躒冠群,煒曄曜世,世人未有及之者也。 故論溫才即可惜,言罪則可恕。 若忍威烈以赦盛德,有賢才以敦大業,固明朝之休光,四方之麗觀也。 國家之於暨艷,不內之忌族,猶等之平民,是故先見用於朱治,次見舉於眾人,中見任於明朝,亦見交於溫也。 君臣之義,義之最重,朋友之交,交之最輕者也。 國家不嫌於艷為最重之義,是以溫亦不嫌與艷為最輕之交也。 時世寵之於上,溫竊親之於下也。 夫宿惡之民,放逸山險,則為勁寇,將置平土,則為健兵,故溫念在欲取宿惡,以除勁寇之害,而增健兵之銳也。 但自錯落,功不副言。 然計其送兵,以比許晏,數之多少,溫不減之。 用之強羸,溫不下之。 至於遲速,溫不後之,故得及秋冬之月,赴有警之期,不敢忘恩而遺力也。 溫之到蜀,共譽殷禮,雖臣無境外之交,亦有可原也。 境外之交,謂無君命而私相從,非國事而陰相聞者也。 若以命行,既修君好,因敘己情,亦使臣之道也。 故孔子使鄰國,則有私覿之禮。 季子聘諸夏,亦有燕譚之義也。 古人有言,欲知其君,觀其所使,見其下之明明,知其上之赫赫。 溫若譽禮,能使彼歎之,誠所以昭我臣之多良,明使之得其人,顯國美於異境,揚君命於他邦。 是以晉趙文子之盟於宋也,稱隨今於屈建。 楚王孫圉之使於晉也,譽左史於趙鞅。 亦向他國之輔,而歎本邦之臣,經傳美之以光國,而不譏之以外交也。 王靖內不憂時,外不趨事,溫彈之不私,推之不假,於是與靖遂為大怨,此其盡節之明驗也。 靖兵眾之勢,干任之用,皆勝於賈原、蔣康,溫尚不容私以安於靖,豈敢賣恩以協原、康邪? 又原在職不勤,當事不堪,溫數對以丑色,彈以急聲。 若其誠欲賣恩作亂,則亦不必貪原也。 凡此數者,校之於事既不合,參之於眾亦不驗。 臣竊念人君雖有聖哲之姿,非常之智,然以一人之身御兆民之眾,從層宮之內,瞰四國之外,昭群下之情,求萬機之理,猶未易周也,固當聽察群下之言,以廣聰明之烈。 今者人非溫既殷勤,臣是溫又契闊,辭則俱巧,意則俱至,各自言欲為國,誰其言欲為私,倉卒之間,猶難即別。 然以殿下之聰睿,察講論之曲直。 若潛神留思,纖粗研核,情何嫌而不宣,事何昧而不昭哉?溫非親臣,臣非愛溫者也,昔之君子,皆抑私忿,以增君明。 彼獨行之於前,臣恥廢之於後,故遂發宿懷於今日。 納愚言於聖聽,實盡心於明朝,非有念於溫身也。
He hailed Quan's divine patronage of scholars. Many owed Quan favor; Wen owed most. Wen squandered favor—the thought pains Tong. As eyewitness he lays out truth. Young, dazzled by fame, Wen trafficked in reputations—that stirred envy. Envy drove out Jia Yi despite Han Wendi's wisdom—slander works that way. Why? Malice ran deep; rumor wore silk gloves. Confucius knew rulers mishear—fame lies and lasts. Wen lacked warrior fame yet outshone Wu in letters and debate. Talent scarce and fault overstated. Mercy would crown Quan's reign. Yan rose through Zhu Zhi and public notice—not a palace villain. Court bonds outweigh private friendship. If Wu tolerated Yan, Wen's letters were harmless. Court lifted Yan; Wen only mirrored. Wen's bandit hunt aimed to draft grit into the ranks. Plans tangled; results lagged boasts. He matched Xu Yan's levy numbers. Troop quality matched precedent. He hit the autumn timeline despite hurry. Praising Yin Li on embassy matched ritual allowance. Private intrigue differs from accredited talk. Mandated envoys may trade courtesy. Confucius allowed private audiences abroad. Jizi chatted at Zhou feasts—canonical parallel. Envoys mirror kings. Wen's praise advertised Wu's bench. At the Song league Zhao Wenzi touted Jin's minister Sui to Chu's Qu Jian—a classic compliment. Chu's Sun Wei praised Zuo Shi before Zhao Yang in Jin. Annals applaud such praise—not treason. Wen's clash with Wang Jing proved impartial zeal. If Wen snubbed mighty Jing he hardly horse-traded two petty clerks. Wen browbeat idle Jia Yuan—hardly courting him. Plotters would not bother with Yuan. Charges fail fact and gossip. One man atop a layered palace cannot alone sound every heart beyond the four seas or master every thread of policy—so he must weigh counsel from below and widen what his ears can hear. Accusers and defender both sound patriotic. Quan can weigh bent from true. Tong claims no kinship—only duty like ancient advisors. Their example forces Tong's memo. The plea serves Wu—not Wen's skin.
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權終不納。
Quan ignored him.
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後六年,溫病卒。 二弟祗、白,亦有才名,與溫俱廢。 〈《会稽典录》曰:餘姚虞俊叹曰:“张惠恕才多智少,华而不实,怨之所聚,有覆家之祸,吾见其兆矣。” 诸葛亮闻俊忧温,意未之信,及温放黜,亮乃叹俊之有先见。 亮初闻温败,未知其故,思之数日,曰:“吾已得之矣,其人於清浊太明,善恶太分。” 臣松之以为庄周云“名者公器也,不可以多取”,张温之废,岂其取名之多乎! 多之为弊,古贤既知之矣。 是以远见之士,退藏於密,不使名浮於德,不以华伤其实,既不能被褐韫宝,挫廉逃誉,使才映一世,声盖人上,冲用之道,庸可暂替! 温则反之,能无败乎? 权既疾温名盛,而骆统方骤言其美,至云“卓跞冠群,炜晔曜世,世人未有及之者也”。 斯何异燎之方盛,又捴膏以炽之哉! 《文士传》曰:温姊妹三人皆有节行,为温事,已嫁者皆见录夺。 其中妹先適顾承,官以许嫁丁氏,成婚有日,遂饮药而死。 吴朝嘉叹,乡人图画,为之赞颂云。〉
Six years on Wen died sick. Brothers Zhi and Bai fell with him. 〈Yu Jun called Wen flashy fuel for ruin. Kongming doubted until Wen fell—then praised Yu Jun. Liang judged Wen too harsh a moralist. Pei cites Zhuangzi—fame devoured Wen. Sages warned against hunger for name. Far-sighted men therefore bury themselves from acclaim—never letting renown outrun virtue or blossom eclipse kernel—and though few can wrap treasure in sackcloth and flee praise entirely, those who flash talent across an age while topping every tongue abandon the low-profile Way; that temper cannot hold long. Wen did opposite—fall followed. Quan hated Wen's renown while Tong crowned him peerless—oil on flame. Like pouring lard on bonfire. Wen's fall dragged three married sisters. One sister poisoned herself rather than remarry Ding. Wu canonized her—village murals sang her.〉
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駱統字公緒,會稽烏傷人也。 父俊,官至陳相。 為袁術所害。 〈谢承后汉书曰:俊字孝远,有文武才幹,少为郡吏,察孝廉,补尚书郎,擢拜陈相。 值袁术僭号,兄弟忿争,天下鼎沸,群贼并起,陈与比界,奸慝四布,俊厉威武,保疆境,贼不敢犯。 养济百姓,灾害不生,岁获丰稔。 后术军众饥困,就俊求粮。 俊疾恶术,初不应答。 术怒,密使人杀俊。〉 統母改適,為華歆小妻,統時八歲,遂與親客歸會稽。 其母送之,拜辭上車,面而不顧,其母泣涕於後。 御者曰:「夫人猶在也。」 統曰:「不欲增母思,故不顧耳。」 事適母甚謹。 時饑荒,鄉里及遠方客多有困乏,統為之飲食衰少。 其姊仁愛有行,寡歸無子,見統甚哀之,數問其故。 統曰:「士大夫糟糠不足,我何心獨飽!」姊曰:「誠如是,何不告我,而自苦若此?」 乃自以私粟與統,又以告母,母亦賢之,遂使分施,由是顯名。
Luo Tong, styled Gongxu, from Wushang. Father Jun reached Chen chancellor. Yuan Shu killed him. 〈Jun—styled Xiaoyuan—rose from clerk to Chen. Jun shielded Chen when Shu seized imperial style. Chen flourished under his care. Shu's starving host begged Chen grain. Jun refused the tyrant. Shu assassinated him.〉 At eight he quit stepfather Hua Xin for Kuaiji. He rode off without looking—mother wept. Charioteer said: "Your mother still stands there." Tong said: "I wish not increase mother's longing—therefore do not look back." He honored his stepmother strictly. Famine years saw him fast for neighbors. His widowed sister pressed why he starved. Tong said: "Gentlemen lack even chaff coarse grain—what heart have I to feast alone!" Sister said: "If truly so—why not tell me—and bitter yourself thus?" She fed him from private bins—mother approved—fame spread.
26
孫權以將軍領會稽太守,統年二十,試為烏程相,民戶過萬,咸歎其惠理。 權嘉之,召為功曹,行騎都尉,妻以從兄輔女。 統志在補察,苟所聞見,夕不待旦。 常勸權以尊賢接士,勤求損益,饗賜之日,可人人別進。 問其燥溼,加以密意,誘諭使言,察其志趣,令皆感恩戴義,懷欲報之心。 權納用焉。 出為建忠中郎將,領武射吏三千人。 及淩統死,復領其兵。
At twenty he governed ten thousand Wucheng households. Quan made him Clerk of Merit and Fu's son-in-law. He rushed fault reports overnight. He asked Quan to toast ministers one by one. Probe hardship—win loyalty. Quan listened. He led three thousand picked bowmen. He inherited Ling Tong's column.
27
是時徵役繁數,重以疫癘,民戶損耗,統上疏曰:
Plague and drafts gutted the south—Tong wrote:
28
臣聞君國者,以據疆土為彊富,制威福為尊貴,曜德義為榮顯,永世胤為豐祚。 然財須民生,彊賴民力,威恃民勢,福由民殖,德俟民茂,義以民行,六者既備,然後應天受祚,保族宜邦。 書曰:『衆非后無能胥以寧,后非衆無以辟四方。』 推是言之,則民以君安,君以民濟,不易之道也。 今彊敵未殄,海內未乂,三軍有無已之役,江境有不釋之備,徵賦調數,由來積紀,加以殃疫死喪之災,郡縣荒虛,田疇蕪曠,聽聞屬城,民戶浸寡,又多殘老,少有丁夫,聞此之日,心若焚燎。 思尋所由,小民無知,既有安土重遷之性,且又前後出為兵者,生則困苦無有溫飽,死則委棄骸骨不反,是以尤用戀本畏遠,同之於死。 每有徵發,羸謹居家重累者先見輸送。 小有財貨,傾居行賂,不顧窮盡。 輕剽者則迸入險阻,黨就羣惡。 百姓虛竭,嗷然愁擾,愁擾則不營業,不營業則致窮困,致窮困則不樂生,故口腹急,則姦心動而攜叛多也。 又聞民閒,非居處小能自供,生產兒子,多不起養; 屯田貧兵,亦多棄子。 天則生之,而父母殺之,既懼干逆和氣,感動陰陽。 且惟殿下開基建國,乃無窮之業也,彊鄰大敵非造次所滅,疆埸常守非期月之戍,而兵民減耗,後生不育,非所以歷遠年,致成功也。 夫國之有民,猶水之有舟,停則以安,擾則以危,愚而不可欺,弱而不可勝,是以聖王重焉,禍福由之,故與民消息,觀時制政。 方今長吏親民之職,惟以辨具為能,取過目前之急,少復以恩惠為治,副稱殿下天覆之仁,勤恤之德者。 官民政俗,日以彫弊,漸以陵遲,勢不可久。 夫治疾及其未篤,除患貴其未深,願殿下少以萬機餘閒,留神思省,補復荒虛,深圖遠計,育殘餘之民,阜人財之用,參曜三光,等崇天地。 臣統之大願,足以死而不朽矣。
Realm needs land, awe, virtue, heirs. All six roots feed from the people. Classic bonds lord and folk. Ruler and ruled need each other. War, tax, plague emptied Wu's farms of young men. Draft terror chains folk to home like fear of dying. Caretakers ship sons first. Rich buy exemptions until broke. Bold ones flee to bandits. When households are drained and voices rise in distress, fields lie idle, poverty bites, and life loses savor—bellies grow desperate, wicked intent stirs, and desertion spreads. Common folk too poor to feed newborns abandoned infants. Frontier colonists dumped babies too. Heaven sends life while parents end it—such slaughter twists cosmic balance. Wu faces endless wars yet loses breeders—no dynasty survives that. People are the hull—still water floats the ship; chop the waves and it founders. Magistrates chase quotas, not mercy—betraying your humane rule. Administration and folkways rot—collapse looms. Heal before terminal ruin—spare thought for hollow counties and starved farms. To serve thus would immortalize Tong’s death.
29
權感統言,深加意焉。
Quan took the memorial to heart.
30
以隨陸遜破蜀軍於宜都,遷偏將軍。 黃武初,曹仁攻濡須,使別將常雕等襲中洲,統與嚴圭共拒破之,封新陽亭侯,後為濡須督。 數陳便宜,前後書數十上,所言皆善,文多故不悉載。 尤以占募在民閒長惡敗俗,生離叛之心,急宜絕置,權與相反覆,終遂行之。 年三十六,黃武七年卒。
Yidu victory beside Lu Xun won him stars. He repelled Cao Ren’s raid at Ruxu and held the ford. Scores of sound memorials go uncopied here. He condemned mercenary drafts corrupting morals—Quan yielded after debate. He died at thirty-six in Huangwu 7.
31
陸瑁字子璋,丞相遜弟也。 少好學篤義。 陳國陳融、陳留濮陽逸、沛郡蔣纂、廣陵袁迪等,皆單貧有志。 就瑁游處, 〈迪孙晔,字思光,作《献帝春秋》,云迪与张纮等俱过江,迪父绥为太傅掾,张超之讨董卓,以绥领广陵事。〉 瑁割少分甘,與同豐約。 及同郡徐原,爰居會稽,素不相識,臨死遺書,托以孤弱,瑁為起立墳墓,收導其子,又瑁從父績早亡,二男一女,皆數歲以還,瑁迎攝養,至長乃別。 州郡辟舉,皆不就。 時尚書暨艷盛明臧否,差斷三署。 頗揚人暗昧之失,以顯其謫。 瑁與書曰:"夫聖人嘉善矜愚,忘過記功,以成美化。 加今王業始建,將一大統,此乃漢高棄瑕錄用之時也,若令善惡異流,貴汝穎月旦之評,誠可以厲俗明教,然恐未易行也。 宜遠模仲尼之泛愛,中則郭泰之弘濟,近有益於大道也。 "艷不能行,卒以致敗。
Lu Mao, styled Zizhang—Lu Xun’s brother. Scholarly and loyal from youth. Northerners of slender means sought his door. They lodged with Mao— 〈Yuan Di’s grandson chronicled their crossing south.〉 Mao shared crust and honey alike. He buried Xu Yuan’s orphans and raised cousin Ji’s children. He refused every summons. Ji Yan ranked clerks harshly. He aired secret sins to shame men. Mao urged mercy—sages magnify good and forgive folly. Wu needed Han-style inclusion—not Ru appraisal purity. Better emulate Confucius and Guo Tai than Ru gossip. Yan ignored him and fell.
32
嘉禾元年,公車征瑁,拜議郎、選曹尚書。 孫權忿公孫淵之巧詐反覆,欲親征之,瑁上疏諫曰:
Jiahe draft brought him to Selection minister. Quan’s Liaodong fury drew Mao’s plea:
33
臣聞聖王之御遠夷,羈縻而已,不常保有,故古者制地,謂之荒服,言慌惚無常,不可保也。 今淵東夷小丑,屏在海隅,雖托人面,與禽獸無異。 國家所為不愛貨寶遠以加之者,非嘉其德義也,誠欲誘納愚弄,以規其馬耳。 淵之驕黠,恃遠負命,此乃荒貊常態,豈足深怪? 昔漢諸帝亦嘗銳意以事外夷,馳使散貨,充滿西域,雖時有恭從,然其使人見害,財貨並沒,不可勝數。 今陛下不忍悁悁之忿,欲越巨海,身踐其土,群臣愚議,竊謂不安。 何者? 北寇與國,壤地連接,苟有間隙,應機而至。 夫所以越海求馬,曲意於淵者,為赴目前之急,除腹心之疾也; 而更棄本追末,捐近治遠,忿以改規,激以動眾,斯乃猾虜所願聞,非大吳之至計也。 又兵家之術,以功役相疲,勞逸相待,得失之間,所覺輒多。 且沓渚去淵,道裡尚遠,今到其岸,兵勢三分,使強者進取,次當守船,又次運糧,行人雖多,難得悉用。 加以單步負糧,經遠深入,賊地多馬,邀截無常。 若淵狙詐,與北未絕,動眾之日,唇齒相濟。 若實孑然無所憑賴,其畏怖遠迸,或難卒滅。 使天誅稽於朔野,山虜承間而起,恐非萬安之長慮也。
Barbarians merit loose reins—not permanent rule. Yuan is a seaside savage in human mask. Wu bought Liaodong horses—not virtue. Coastal arrogance is ordinary. Han lost fortunes and lives hunting frontier awe. A royal Liaodong crossing unsettles the court. Why? Wei waits for Wu to bare its flank. Horse-buying aimed at urgent need—not vanity. Invading Liaodong pleases Wei—not Wu. War trades exhaustion for advantage. Beachheads split armies three ways—few combat-ready. Foot columns hauling grain face mounted raids. If Yuan keeps ties north—Wu moves—they close ranks. If isolated he flees—hard to finish. Delay invites Wei and hill rebels alike.
34
權未許。 瑁重上疏曰:
Quan hesitated. Mao wrote again:
35
夫兵革者,固前代所以誅暴亂,威四夷也,然其役皆在奸雄已除,天下無事,從容廟堂之上,以餘議議之耳。 至於中夏鼎沸,九域槃互之時,率須深根固本,愛力惜費,務自休養,以待鄰敵之闕,未有正於此時,捨近治遠,以疲軍旅者也。 昔尉佗叛逆,僭號稱帝,於時天下乂安,百姓殷阜,帶甲之數,糧食之積,可謂多矣,然漢文猶以遠征不易,重興師旅,告喻而已。 今兇桀未殄,疆場猶警,雖蚩尤,鬼方之亂,故當以緩急差之,未宜以淵為先。 願陛下抑威住計,暫寧六師,潛神嘿規,以為後圖,天下幸甚。
Classical wars followed domestic peace. Mid-Chaos demands rooted defense—not distant adventures. Even flush Han Wendi cautioned against Nan-Yue. Wei still threatens—Yuan can wait. Stand down hosts—plan Liaodong later.
36
權再覽瑁書,嘉其詞理端切,遂不行。
Quan read twice and cancelled the march.
37
初,瑁同郡聞人敏見待國邑,優於宗脩,惟瑁以為不然,後果如其言。 赤烏二年,瑁卒。 子喜亦涉文籍,好人倫,孫皓時為選曹尚書。 〈吴录曰:喜字文仲,瑁第二子也,入晋为散骑常侍。 瑁孙晔,字士光,至车骑将车、仪同三司。 晔弟玩,字士瑶。 《晋阳秋》称玩器量淹雅,位至司空,追赠太尉。〉
Mao alone doubted Min’s hype—proved right. He died Chiwu 2. Son Xi ran Selection under Hao. 〈Xi entered Jin as attendant. Grandson Ye rose to chariot general with Three Ducal parity. Younger brother Wan styled Shiyao. Wan reached Minister of Works—posthumous Grand Commandant.〉
38
吾粲字孔休,吳郡烏程人也。 〈吴录曰:粲生数岁,孤城妪见之,谓其母曰:“是兒有卿相之骨。”〉 孫河為縣長,粲為小吏,河深奇之。 河後為將軍,得自選長吏,表粲為曲阿丞,遷為長史,治有名跡。 雖起孤微,與同郡陸遜、卜靜等比肩齊聲矣。 孫權為車騎將軍,召為主簿,出為山陰令,還為參軍校尉。
Wu Can from Wucheng. 〈A Gucheng matron foretold ministerial bones.〉 Sun He spotted genius in a clerk. He rose Qu’a aide to chief clerk with renown. From nothing he matched Lu Xun’s chorus. Quan made him registrar, Shanyin magistrate, then supervisor.
39
黃武元年,與呂范、賀齊等俱以舟師拒魏將曹休於洞口。 值天大風,諸船綆紲斷絕,漂沒著岸,為魏軍所獲,或覆沒沉溺,其大船尚存者,水中生人皆攀緣號呼,他吏士恐船傾沒,皆以戈矛撞擊不受。 粲與黃淵獨令船人以承取之,左右以為船重必敗。 粲曰:"船敗,當俱死耳! 人窮,奈何棄之。 "粲、淵所活者百餘人。
Huangwu 1 he fought Cao Xiu at Dongkou. Gale wrecked the fleet—Wei seized hulls while Wu sailors clubbed drowning comrades away. Can and Yuan ordered rescue despite risk. Can swore share the sinking. Desperation forbids desertion. They saved over a hundred.
40
還,遷會稽太守,召處士謝譚為功曹,譚以疾不詣,粲教曰:"夫應龍以屈伸為神,鳳皇以嘉鳴為貴,何必陷形於天外,潛鱗於重淵者哉? "粲募合人眾,拜昭義中郎將,與呂岱討平山越,入為屯騎校尉、少府,遷太子太傅。 遭二宮之變,抗言執正,明嫡庶之分,欲使魯王霸出駐夏口,遣楊竺不得令在都邑。 又數以消息語陸遜,遜時駐武昌,連表諫爭。 由此為霸、竺等所譖害,下獄誅。
He coaxed recluse Xie Tan with dragon-phoenix metaphor. He campaigned Yue with Lü Dai then tutored the heir. He demanded Prince Ba leave court and ban Yang Zhu. He briefed Lu Xun who memorialized in chorus. Ba and Zhu framed him to death.
41
朱據字子范,吳都吳人也。 有姿貌膂力,又能論難。 黃武初,征拜五官郎中,補侍御史。 是時選曹尚書暨艷,疾貪污在位,欲沙汰之。 據以為天下未定,宜以功覆過,棄瑕取用,舉清厲濁,足以沮勸,若一時貶黜,懼有後咎。 艷不聽,卒敗。
Zhu Ju styled Zifan from Wu commandery. Handsome, strong, sharp in dispute. Huangwu opened with palace posts. Ji Yan meant to purge corrupt clerks. Ju urged merit-forgiveness—not purge—in unstable times. Yan refused and fell.
42
權咨嗟將率,發憤歎息,追思呂蒙、張溫,以為據才兼文武,可以繼之,自是拜建義校尉,領兵屯湖孰。 黃龍元年,權遷都建業,征據尚公主,拜左將軍,封雲陽侯。 謙虛接士,輕財好施,祿賜雖豐而常不足用。 嘉禾中,始鑄大錢,一當五百。 後據部曲應受三萬緡,工王遂詐而受之,典校呂壹疑據實取,考問主者,死於杖下,據哀其無辜,厚棺斂之。 壹又表據吏為據隱,故厚其殯。 權數責問據,據無以自明,藉草待罪。 數月,典軍吏劉助覺,言王遂所取,權大感寤,曰:“朱據見枉,況吏民乎?” 乃窮治壹罪,賞助百萬。
Quan named Ju heir to Lü Meng’s dual genius. Huanglong saw him wed princess and take left general. Generous to a fault—always broke. Jiahe minted 500-cash coins. Clerk died under Lü Yi’s rods—Ju gave him rich burial. Yi claimed Ju buried clerk to hide theft. Ju lay on straw pleading ignorance. Liu Zhu exposed Wang Sui—Quan saw Ju framed. Yi fell; Zhu won reward.
43
赤烏九年,遷驃騎將軍。 遭二宮構爭,據擁護太子,言則懇至,義形於色,守之以死, 〈殷基《通语》载据争曰:“臣闻太子国之本根,雅性仁孝,天下归心,今卒责之,将有一朝之虑。 昔晋献用骊姬而申生不存,汉武信江充而戾太子冤死。 臣窃惧太子不堪其忧,虽立思子之宫,无所复及矣。”〉 遂左遷新都郡丞。 未到,中書令孫弘譖潤據,因權寢疾,弘為詔書追賜死,時年五十七。 孫亮時,二子熊、損各復領兵,為全公主所謂,皆死。 永安中,迫錄前功,以熊子宣襲爵雲陽侯,尚公主。 孫皓時,宣至驃騎將軍。
Chiwu 9 made him agile cavalry general. He defended the crown prince unto death— 〈Tongyu cites Ju’s warning—the heir is the root. Li Ji and Jiang Chong lessons. Even a repentant hall cannot recall dead heir.〉 Quan banished him Xindu assistant. Sun Hong whispered poison into a dying Quan's ear and forged an order—Ju never reached his post; they forced him to die at fifty-seven. Sun Liang restored both sons to commands; Princess Quan framed them and both perished. Yong'an auditors remembered old service—Xuan took the Yunyang title and a princess bride. Under Hao he climbed to agile cavalry command.
44
【評】
Appraisal
45
評曰:虞翻古之狂直,因難免乎末世,然權不能容,非曠宇也。 陸績之於揚《玄》,是仲尼之左丘明,老聘之嚴周矣; 以瑚璉之器,而作守南越,不亦賊夫人歟! 張溫才藻俊茂,而智防未備,用致艱患。 駱統抗明大義,辭切理至,值權方閉不開。 陸瑁篤義規諫,君子有稱焉。 吾粲、朱據遭罹屯蹇,以正喪身,悲夫!
Chen Shou calls Fan a classical blunt loyalist ill-suited to a fallen age—yet Quan's inability to shelter him betrays a petty court. Lu Ji stood to Yang Xiong's Taixuan as Confucius to Zuo Qiu or Laozi to Zhuang Zhou—a peer interpreter. Temple-grade talent parked on a Ling frontier—what misuse of a man! Zhang Wen blazed with letters but lacked political guardrails—and paid for it. Luo Tong framed the grand moral case with knife-edge clarity—against Quan's deaf door. Lu Mao's loyal counsel earned gentlemen's praise. Wu Can and Zhu Ju died for doing right—grief on grief.