1
朱治字君理，丹楊故鄣人也。 初為縣吏，後察孝廉，州辟從事，隨孫堅征伐。 中平五年，拜司馬。 從討長沙、零、桂等三郡賊周朝、蘇馬等。 有功，堅表治行都尉。 從破董卓於陽人，入洛陽。 表治行督軍校尉，特將步騎，東助徐州牧陶謙討黃巾。 會堅薨，治扶冀策，依就袁術。 後知術政德不立，乃勸策還平江東。 時太傅馬日碑在壽春，辟治為掾，遷吳郡都尉。 是時吳景已在丹楊，而策為術攻廬江。 於是劉繇恐為袁、孫所並，遂構嫌隙。 而策家門盡在州下，治乃使人於曲阿迎太妃及權兄弟。 所以供奉輔護，甚有恩紀。 治從錢唐欲進到吳，吳郡太守許貢拒之於由拳，治與戰，大破之。 貢南就山賊嚴自虎，治遂入郡，領太守事。 策既走劉繇，東定會稽。 權年十五，治舉為孝廉。 後策薨，治與張昭等共尊奉權。
Zhu Zhi, styled Junli, came from Gucheng in Danyang commandery. He began as a county clerk, then earned recommendation as Filial and Incorrupt, was recruited by the province as an Attendant Clerk, and marched with Sun Jian on his expeditions. In Zhongping 5 (188 CE) he received appointment as major. He took part in the campaign against the bandit leaders Zhou Chao and Su Ma across Changsha, Lingling, and Guilin. When he distinguished himself, Sun Jian submitted a memorial recommending Zhu Zhi for acting commandant. He followed Sun Jian to the victory over Dong Zhuo at Yangren and then entered Luoyang. Sun Jian had him named acting colonel who directs the army, gave him independent command of foot and horse, and sent him east to help Tao Qian, governor of Xu Province, crush the Yellow Turbans. After Sun Jian died, Zhu Zhi steadied the young Sun Ce and threw in his lot with Yuan Shu. Seeing that Yuan Shu could never establish legitimate rule, he persuaded Sun Ce to turn back and conquer the territory east of the river. While the grand tutor Ma Midi was at Shouchun, he recruited Zhu Zhi onto his staff and then advanced him to commandant of Wu. Wu Jing already held Danyang for their side, even as Sun Ce was besieging Lujiang on Yuan Shu's orders. Liu Yao, afraid the Yuan–Sun alliance would absorb him next, began picking quarrels and driving wedges between the allies. With Sun Ce's family still trapped below the capital at the provincial seat, Zhu Zhi dispatched men to Qu'e to bring the Lady Dowager and the young Sun brothers to safety. He fed them, guarded them, and kept good order around them; the kindness was remembered in every detail. Marching from Qiantang toward Wu, he was blocked at Youquan by Xu Gong, the grand administrator of Wu; Zhu Zhi attacked and shattered Xu Gong's force. Xu Gong fled south into the hills to the bandit chief Yan Zihu, and Zhu Zhi entered the commandery and assumed the governor's office. Once Sun Ce had expelled Liu Yao, he secured Kuaiji in the east. When Sun Quan turned fifteen, Zhu Zhi put him forward as Filial and Incorrupt. After Sun Ce's death, Zhu Zhi stood with Zhang Zhao and the rest to raise Sun Quan as their lord.
2
建安七年，權表治為 （九真） 太守，行扶義將軍，割婁、由拳、無錫。 毗陵為奉邑，置長吏。 征討夷越，佐定東南，禽截黃巾余類陳敗、萬秉等。 黃武元年，封毗陵侯，領郡如故。
In the seventh year of Jian'an (202 CE), Sun Quan memorialized the throne to appoint Zhu Zhi as (the commandery of Jiu Zhen—an alternate reading noted in brackets—) grand administrator with the acting title General Who Upholds Righteousness, carving out Lou, Youquan, and Wuxi together with Piling as his fiscal domain, where he installed magistrates to administer the towns. He campaigned against the southern tribes, helped secure the southeast, and mopped up Yellow Turban holdouts such as Chen Bai and Wan Bing. In Huangwu 1 (222 CE) he received the marquisate of Piling while remaining governor of the commandery.
3
二年，拜安國將軍，金印紫綬，徙封故鄣。 權歷位上將，及為吳王，治每進見，權常親迎。 執版交拜，饗宴贈賜，恩敬特隆，至從行吏，皆得奉贄私覿，其見異如此。
The next year he was named general who stabilizes the state, given the gold seal and purple ribbon, and transferred his enfeoffment to Gucheng. As Sun Quan rose from field command to kingship of Wu, he would personally come out to welcome Zhu Zhi every time Zhu arrived for audience. He clasped his tablet, bowed in return, lavished banquets and gifts on him, and singled him out for deference so marked that even Zhu Zhi's escort clerks might offer personal gifts and be received—an honor almost without parallel.
4
初，權弟翊，性峭急，喜怒快意，治數責數，諭以道義。 權從兄豫章太守賁，女為曹公子婦，及曹公破荊州，威震南土，賁畏懼，欲遣子入質。 治聞之，求往見賁，為陳安危， 〈江表传载治说贲曰：“破虏将军昔率义兵入讨董卓，声冠中夏，义士壮之。 讨逆继世，廓定六郡，特以君侯骨肉至亲，器为时生，故表汉朝，剖符大郡，兼建将校，仍关综两府，荣冠宗室，为远近所瞻。 加讨虏聪明神武，继承洪业，揽结英雄，周济世务，军众日盛，事业日隆，虽昔萧王之在河北，无以加也，必克成王基，应运东南。 故刘玄德远布腹心，求见拯救，此天下所共知也。 前在东闻道路之言，云将军有异趣，良用怃然。 今曹公阻兵，倾覆汉室，幼帝流离，百姓元元未知所归。 而中国萧条，或百里无烟，城邑空虚，道殣相望，士叹於外，妇怨乎室，加之以师旅，因之以饥馑，以此料之，岂能越长江与我争利哉？ 将军当斯时也，而欲背骨肉之亲，违万安之计，割同气之肤，啖虎狼之口，为一女子，改虑易图，失机毫釐，差以千里，岂不惜哉！”〉 賁由此遂止。 權常歎治憂勤王事。 性儉約，雖在富貴，車服惟供事。 權優異之，自令督軍御史典屬城文書，治領四縣租稅而已。 然公族子弟及吳四姓多出仕郡，郡吏常以千數，治率數年一遣詣王府。 所遣數百人，每歲時貢獻御，權答報過厚。 是時丹楊深地，頗有奸叛，亦以年向老，思戀土風，自表屯故鄣，鎮扶山越。 諸父老故人，莫不詣門，治皆引進，與共飲宴，鄉黨以為榮。 在故鄣歲餘，還吳。 黃武三年卒，在郡三十一年，年六十九。
Sun Quan's younger brother Sun Yi had a sharp temper and often gave way to impulse; Zhu Zhi scolded him more than once and reasoned with him about what honor required. Sun Ben, Sun Quan's cousin and governor of Yuzhang, had married his daughter to a son of Cao Cao; after Cao Cao crushed Jing Province and his name thundered across the south, Sun Ben panicked and wanted to send a son south as a hostage. Hearing this, Zhu Zhi begged permission to visit Sun Ben and lay out for him how much stood to be lost or gained, 〈The Jiang Biao Zhuan preserves Zhu Zhi's words to Sun Ben: Your father the General Who Smashes Fugitives once marched in the righteous host against Dong Zhuo, and his name topped the heartland; gallant men still speak of it with pride. The General Who Pacifies Rebels carried on his work, brought six commanderies to heel, and, because you are the nearest of kin and a man the times require, had you written into the Han registers with a great commandery, joint command of two bureaus, and honors that outshone every other prince of the blood—you became the man everyone watched. Sun Quan besides is brilliant and formidable in arms, has taken up the great legacy, rallies able men, and mends the world's troubles; his hosts swell by the day and his cause towers higher—even Liu Xiu in his Hebei days never outshone him. He will finish the work of kingship and fulfill Heaven's mandate in the southeast. That is why Liu Bei, from far away, has laid bare his inmost heart and pleaded for deliverance—the whole realm knows it. Earlier, while I was still in the east, travelers' gossip said you were leaning toward another master, and the news left me heartsick. Today Cao Cao holds the hosts at bay, has all but pulled down the Han, the boy emperor is driven from pillar to post, and the black-haired millions have no refuge. The central plain is a wasteland: for miles no cooking fires, cities hollow, corpses lining the ditches, scholars groaning in the wilds, women weeping indoors—and still more troops march and famine follows. Judge from that: could they really cross the Yangzi and wrest profit from us? And you, General, at such an hour would betray your kin, spurn the one course that keeps you safe, slice flesh from your own bone, and drop it into the maw of wolves—for one woman's sake you would swap your whole strategy; a hair's miss now becomes a thousand li of regret. Would that not be a bitter loss? Sun Ben dropped the plan. Sun Quan often remarked how Zhu Zhi wore himself out in the service of the state. He lived plainly: even at the height of rank his equipage and dress were only what the office required. Sun Quan singled him out for favor, had the supervising army clerk and the metropolitan registrar take over the paperwork, and left Zhu Zhi only the rent and tax of four counties to administer. Meanwhile the great Wu lineages filled the commandery staff until the clerks ran into the thousands; Zhu Zhi still sent several hundred of them up to court every few years. Those hundreds brought seasonal tribute to the palace, and Sun Quan's gifts in reply were always munificent. Danyang's hinterland was rife with defection, and Zhu Zhi, feeling his years, yearned for home; he therefore asked to camp at Gucheng and keep the mountain Yue in check. Every elder and old comrade came to his door, and he welcomed them all to drink and feast until the whole countryside glowed with pride. He spent just over a year at Gucheng, then went back to the capital at Wu. He died in Huangwu 3 (224 CE) after thirty-one years in the commandery, aged sixty-nine.
5
子才，素為校尉領兵，既嗣父爵，遷偏將軍。 〈吴书曰：才字君业，为人精敏，善骑射，权爱异之，常侍从游戏。 少以父任为武卫校尉，领兵随从征伐，屡有功捷。 本郡议者以才少处荣贵，未留意於乡党，才乃叹曰：“我初为将，谓跨马蹈敌，当身履锋，足以扬名，不知乡党复追迹其举措乎！” 於是更折节为恭，留意於宾客，轻财尚义，施不望报，又学兵法，名声始闻於远近。 会疾卒。〉 才弟紀，權以策女妻之，亦以校尉領兵。 紀弟緯、萬歲，皆早夭。 才子琬，襲爵為將，至鎮西將軍。
His son Zhu Cai had already commanded troops as a colonel; when he inherited the title he advanced to lieutenant general. 〈The Wu shu adds: Zhu Cai, styled Junye, was quick-witted and a superb horseman and bowman; Sun Quan doted on him and kept him always at hand for the hunt. While still young he entered the martial guard colonelcy through his father's rank, led men on campaign, and won distinction again and again. Men at home murmured that a boy so highly placed snubbed local opinion; Zhu Cai sighed, When I first took command I believed that riding straight at the foe and catching every blade on my own shield would win me fame—I never guessed my neighbors would still judge every move I make! So he mended his manners, cultivated guests, spent freely for honor's sake without counting the cost, and took up military science until his name carried up and down the roads. He soon fell ill and died.〉 His brother Zhu Ji married a daughter of Sun Ce on Sun Quan's arrangement and likewise commanded men as a colonel. Zhu Ji's younger brothers Zhu Wei and Zhu Wansui both died young. Zhu Cai's son Zhu Wan inherited the marquisate, served as a general, and rose to general who guards the west.
6
朱然字義封，治姊子也，本姓施氏。 初治未有子，然年十三，乃啟策乞以為嗣。 策命丹楊郡以羊酒召然，然到吳，策優以禮賀。
Zhu Ran, styled Yifeng, was Zhu Zhi's nephew by his elder sister and had been born into the Shi clan. Because Zhu Zhi long had no heir, when the boy turned thirteen Zhu Zhi begged Sun Ce to let him adopt Zhu Ran as his successor. Sun Ce told the Danyang authorities to welcome Zhu Ran with the ritual sheep and wine; when the youth reached Wu, Sun Ce received him with full courtesy and congratulations.
7
然嘗與權同學書，結恩愛。 至權統事，以然為餘姚長，時年十九。 後遷山陰令，加折沖校尉，督五縣。 權奇其能，分丹楊為臨川郡，然為太守， 〈臣松之案：此郡寻罢，非今临川郡。〉 授兵二千人。 會山賊盛起，然平討，旬月而定。 曹公出濡須，然備大塢及三關屯，拜偏將軍。 建安二十四年，從討關羽，別與潘璋到臨沮禽羽，遷昭武將軍，封西安鄉侯。
Zhu Ran had studied the classics side by side with Sun Quan, and the two grew close. When Sun Quan assumed leadership he named Zhu Ran magistrate of Yuyao; Zhu was nineteen. He was later shifted to magistrate of Shanyin with the additional rank of colonel who breaks the charge, overseeing five counties. Sun Quan, impressed by his talent, carved Linchuan commandery out of Danyang and made him its governor, 〈Pei Songzhi remarks: that commandery was abolished shortly afterward and is not the Linchuan of later ages.〉 He was given two thousand troops. Mountain bandits erupted; Zhu Ran struck them down and had the region quiet within a month. When Cao Cao advanced on Ruxu, Zhu Ran built a great pier and fortified the three passes, and received appointment as lieutenant general. In Jian'an 24 (219 CE) he joined the expedition against Guan Yu, then with Pan Zhang pushed separately to Linju, took Guan Yu alive, and was raised to general who displays martial prowess and enfeoffed as village marquis of Xi'an.
8
虎威將軍呂蒙病篤。 權問曰："卿如不起，誰可代者?"蒙對曰："朱然膽守有餘，愚以為可任。 "蒙卒，權假然節，鎮江陵。 黃武元年，劉備舉兵攻宜都。 然督五千人與陸遜並力拒備。 然別攻破備前鋒，斷其後道，備遂破走。 拜征北將軍，封永安侯。
The fierce tiger general Lü Meng was dying. Sun Quan asked him, If you do not recover, who could replace you? Lü Meng answered, Zhu Ran's nerve for holding a line is ample; I would deem him fit for the post. When Lü Meng died, Sun Quan gave Zhu Ran the imperial baton and left him to guard Jiangling. In Huangwu 1 (221 CE) Liu Bei marched against Yidu. Zhu Ran led five thousand men and stood with Lu Xun to block Liu Bei. Zhu Ran on a separate wing shattered Liu Bei's van and cut his line of retreat, and Liu Bei broke and ran. He was named general who campaigns north and enfeoffed as marquis of Yong'an.
9
魏遣曹真、夏侯尚、張郃等攻江陵，魏文帝自住宛，為其勢援，連屯圍城。 權遣將軍孫盛督萬人備州上，立圍塢，為然外救。 郃渡兵攻盛，盛不能拒，即時欲退，郃據州上圍守，然中外斷絕。 權遣潘璋、楊粲等解而圍不解。 時然城中兵多腫病，堪戰者裁五千人。 真等起土山，鑿地道，立樓櫓臨城，弓矢雨注，將士皆失色，然晏如而無恐意，方厲吏士，伺間隙攻破兩屯。 魏攻圍然凡六月日，未退。 江陵令姚泰領兵備城北門，見外兵盛，城中人少，谷食慾盡。 因與敵交通，謀為內應。 垂發，事覺，然治戮泰。 尚等不能克，乃徹攻退還。 由是然名震於敵國，改封當陽侯。
Wei dispatched Cao Zhen, Xiahou Shang, Zhang He, and others against Jiangling; Cao Pi of Wei camped at Wan to stiffen their thrust, and their camps ringed the walls. Sun Quan sent General Sun Sheng with ten thousand men to hold the midriver islet, building palisades and a pier as an outer lifeline for Zhu Ran. Zhang He threw troops across to hit Sun Sheng, who could not hold and tried to fall back; Zhang He took the islet fort, and Zhu Ran was completely isolated. Sun Quan sent Pan Zhang, Yang Can, and others to break the ring, but the Wei lines held firm. Inside the city disease had swollen the soldiers' limbs; scarcely five thousand could still bear arms. The Wei generals piled earthworks, drove tunnels, raised lofted towers above the walls, and shot until the arrows fell like rain; Zhu Ran's men went white with terror, yet he himself sat as calmly as at a feast, showed not a trace of panic, then roused officers and men, waited his opening, and stormed two enemy camps. For half a year the Wei army invested Zhu Ran without lifting the siege. The Jiangling magistrate Yao Tai held the north gate; seeing the enemy's numbers and the thinning garrison, he believed the grain would give out. He therefore opened secret talks with the enemy and plotted to betray the city from within. The plot was discovered on the eve of the blow; Zhu Ran tried Yao Tai and put him to death. Xiahou Shang and his colleagues could not force the city, so they struck their camps and retired. Zhu Ran's name thereafter struck terror in the rival courts, and his fief was moved to the marquisate of Dangyang.
10
六年，權自率眾攻石陽，及至旋師，潘璋斷後。 夜出錯亂，敵追擊璋，璋不能禁。 然即還住拒敵，使前船得引極遠，徐乃後發。 黃龍元年，拜車騎將軍、右護軍、領兗州牧。 頃之，以兗州在蜀分，解牧職。 嘉禾三年，權與蜀剋期大舉，權自向新城，然與全琮備受斧鉞，為左右督。 會吏士疾病，故未攻而退。
In the sixth year of Huangwu Sun Quan himself led a great host against Shiyang; on the march home Pan Zhang commanded the rear guard. The night march came out in confusion; the foe chased Pan Zhang, and he could not check them. Zhu Ran wheeled about to screen the retreat, letting the van ships pull far ahead before he cast off last of all. In Huanglong 1 (229 CE) he became chariot and horse general, right protector of the army, and nominal shepherd of Yan Province. Soon afterward Yan Province was reckoned to fall within Shu's partition of the realm, so the shepherd title was stripped. In Jiahe 3 (234 CE) Sun Quan and Shu agreed on a grand offensive: Sun Quan marched on Xincheng while Zhu Ran and Quan Zong took the ritual axes as left and right commanders. Sickness swept the ranks, so they never struck and fell back.
11
赤烏五年，征柤中， 〈《襄阳记》曰：柤音如租税之租。 柤中在上黄界，去襄阳一百五十里。 魏时夷王梅敷兄弟三人，部曲万餘家屯此，分布在中庐宜城西山鄢、沔二谷中，土地平敞，宜桑麻，有水陆良田，沔南之膏腴沃壤，谓之柤中。〉 魏將蒲忠、胡質各將數千人，忠要遮險隘。 圖斷然後，質為忠繼援。 時然所督兵將先四出，聞問不暇收合，便將帳下見兵八百人逆掩。 忠戰不利，質等皆退。 〈孙氏异同评曰：〔魏书〕及江表传云然以景初元年、正始二年再出为寇，所破胡质、蒲忠在景初元年。 魏志承魏书，依违不说质等为然所破，而直云然退耳。 吴志说赤乌五年，於魏为正始三年，魏将蒲忠与硃然战，忠不利，质等皆退。 按魏少帝纪及孙权传，是岁并无事，当是陈寿误以吴嘉禾六年为赤乌五年耳。〉 九年，復征柤中，魏將李興等聞然深入，率步騎六千斷然後道，然夜出逆之，軍以勝反。 先是，歸義馬茂懷奸，覺誅，權深忿之。 然臨行上疏曰："馬茂小子，敢負恩養。 臣今奉天威，事蒙克捷，欲令所獲，震耀遠近，方舟塞江，使足可觀，以解上下之忿。 惟陛下識臣先言，責臣後效。 "權時抑表不出。 然既獻捷，群臣上賀，權乃舉酒作樂，而出然表曰："此家前初有表，孤以為難必，今果如其言，可謂明於見事也。 "遣使拜然為左大司馬、右軍師。
In Chiwu 5 (242 CE) he led a punitive expedition into the Zuzhong basin, 〈The Xiangyang ji notes: the graph is read like the zu in zu shui, "land tax." Zuzhong stands on the Shanghuang frontier, a hundred and fifty li from Xiangyang. Under Wei the Yi chieftain Mei Fu and his two brothers camped there with over ten thousand client households, straddling the Yan and Mian valleys west of the hills in Zhonglu and Yicheng—open country ideal for mulberry and hemp, laced with irrigated fields by river and road: the fat heartland south of the Mian that men call Zuzhong.〉 The Wei commanders Pu Zhong and Hu Zhi each brought several thousand troops, and Pu Zhong sealed the narrow passes ahead of Zhu Ran. They meant to sever Zhu Ran's retreat while Hu Zhi followed Pu Zhong as a second wave. Zhu Ran's units were already strung out on other errands, and before he could recall them he took the eight hundred guards at headquarters and threw them straight into the ambush. Pu Zhong's attack collapsed, and Hu Zhi and the rest pulled back. 〈The Sun shi yi tong ping notes: both the Wei shu and the Jiang Biao Zhuan record Zhu Ran's two incursions in Jingchu 1 and Zhengshi 2, with Hu Zhi and Pu Zhong routed in the first Jingchu year. The Wei zhi copies the Wei shu and equivocates, never admitting that Hu Zhi's men were beaten by Zhu Ran and only saying Zhu Ran retired. The Wu zhi places the clash in Chiwu 5, which matches Wei's Zhengshi 3, and describes Wei general Pu Zhong fighting Zhu Ran to a Wei defeat followed by Hu Zhi's retreat. Yet the Wei annals for the young emperor and Sun Quan's memoir are silent for that year; Pei Songzhi concludes Chen Shou confused Wu's Jiahe 6 with Chiwu 5.〉 In the ninth year he struck Zuzhong again; Li Xing and other Wei generals, learning how deep Zhu Ran had pushed, marched six thousand horse and foot to sever his line of retreat, yet Zhu Ran sallied by night, met them head-on, and marched home in triumph. Earlier the turncoat defector Ma Mao had nursed a plot; when it was uncovered he was put to death, and Sun Quan nursed a deep grudge over the affair. On the eve of his expedition Zhu Ran sent up a memorial: That wretch Ma Mao dared bite the hand that fed him. If Heaven favors this expedition I mean to parade our captives the length of the river, pack the channel with trophy ships for every eye to see, and wash away the court's fury from top to bottom. I beg only that Your Majesty recall what I have said and weigh me by the result. Sun Quan pocketed the memorial and did not circulate it. When Zhu Ran presented his victory, the courtiers cheered, and Sun Quan at last poured the wine, called for music, and pulled out Zhu Ran's old memorial: He warned me beforehand; I thought the thing impossible, yet it unfolded just as he promised—a man who truly reads events. He then dispatched envoys naming Zhu Ran left grand marshal and right army adviser.
12
然長不盈七尺，氣候分明。 內行修潔，其所文采，惟施軍器，余皆質素。 終日欽欽，常在戰場，臨急膽定。 尤過絕人。 雖世無事，每朝夕嚴鼓，兵在營者，鹹行裝就隊。 以此玩敵，使不知所備，故出輒有功。 諸葛瑾子融，步騭子協，雖各襲任，權特復使然總為大督。 又陸遜亦本，功臣名將存者惟然，莫與比隆。 寢疾二年，後漸增篤，權晝為減膳。 夜為不寐，中使醫藥口食之物，相望於道。 然每遣使表疾病消息，權輒召見，口自問訊。 入賜酒食，出送布帛。 自創業功臣疾病，權意之所鐘，呂蒙、淩統最重，然其次矣。 年六十八，赤烏十二年卒，權素服舉哀，為之感慟。 子績嗣。
Zhu Ran stood under seven chi, but his presence was unmistakable. In private life he was austere: color and polish went only to weapons and armor; the rest of his wardrobe stayed plain. He remained intent from dawn to dusk, lived on campaign, and in crisis his nerve never wavered. In that calm courage he stood above ordinary men. Even in peacetime he beat the morning and evening drums without fail, and every man under canvas belted on gear and stood to ranks. He habitually wrong-footed the foe so they never knew what to expect, and his outings therefore seldom failed. Though Zhuge Jin's son Zhuge Rong and Bu Zhi's son Bu Xie had each stepped into their fathers' shoes, Sun Quan still named Zhu Ran overall commander above them. Lu Xun was gone as well; among the old guard still alive only Zhu Ran remained, and none matched his stature. For two years he lingered bedridden, then sank visibly; Sun Quan cut his own daytime meals out of grief for him. At night he could not sleep, and imperial couriers bearing drugs and broth clogged the road to Zhu Ran's house. Each time Zhu Ran's couriers arrived with word of his health, Sun Quan received them in person and asked after Zhu Ran himself. He feasted them on entry and pressed silks on them when they left. Of the founders who sickened, Sun Quan grieved deepest for Lü Meng and Ling Tong; Zhu Ran came just after those two. He died at sixty-eight in Chiwu 12; Sun Quan donned white mourning, held a state lament, and wept for him. His son Zhu Ji inherited the title.
13
子施績
The heir was his son, known as Shi Ji before the surname was restored.
14
績字公緒，以父任為郎，後拜建忠都尉。 叔父才卒，績領其兵，隨太常潘浚討五溪，以膽力稱。 遷偏將軍營下督，領盜賊事，持法不傾。 魯王霸注意交績，嘗至其廨，就之坐，欲與結好，績下地住立，辭而不當。 然卒。 績襲業，拜平魏將軍，樂鄉督。
Zhu Ji, styled Gongxu, entered the court as a gentleman through his father's rank, then received appointment as commandant who establishes loyalty. When his uncle Zhu Cai died, Zhu Ji inherited his command, followed the chamberlain Pan Jun against the Five Gorges tribes, and won a name for raw nerve. He rose to lieutenant general and camp superintendent with charge of bandit suppression, enforcing the code without bending. Prince Sun Ba of Lu cultivated him, even visiting his yamen, sitting down at his side, and offering friendship; Zhu Ji rose, stood on the floor, and refused the overture as improper. Zhu Ran died. Zhu Ji took up his father's post as general who pacifies Wei and garrison commander at Lexiang.
15
明年，魏徵南將軍王昶率眾攻江陵城，不克而退。 績與奮威將軍諸葛融書曰："昶遠來疲睏，馬無所食，力屈而走，此天助也。 今追之力少，可引兵相繼，吾欲破之於前，足下乘之於後，豈一人之功哉，宜同斷金之義。 "融答許績。 績便引兵及昶於紀南，紀南去城三十里，績先戰勝而融不進，績後失利。 權深嘉績，盛責怒融，融兄大將軍恪貴重，故融得不廢。 初績與恪、融不平，及此事變，為隙益甚。 建興元年，遷鎮東將軍。
The following year Wang Chang, Wei's general who campaigns south, stormed Jiangling without success and retired. Zhu Ji wrote to Zhuge Rong, the fierce tiger general: Wang Chang marched here spent and starving, his horses found no fodder, and he broke off from sheer exhaustion—that is Heaven fighting on our side. Our pursuit column is thin; feed in reinforcements behind me. I will break him from the front while you hammer him from the rear—the glory cannot be one man's; we should cleave one purpose like brothers sworn to split metal. Zhuge Rong wrote back promising to join him. Zhu Ji marched and caught Wang Chang at Jinan, thirty li from the walls; Zhu Ji opened with a victory but Zhuge Rong never moved up, and Zhu Ji later lost the field. Sun Quan heaped praise on Zhu Ji and blistered Zhuge Rong, yet spared Rong because his brother Zhuge Ke still towered at court. Zhu Ji had long distrusted Zhuge Ke and Zhuge Rong; after that battle the bad blood only deepened. In Jianxing 1 he advanced to general who guards the east.
16
二年春，恪向新城，要績並力，而留置半州，使融兼其任。 冬，恪、融被害，績復還樂鄉，假節。 太平二年，拜驃騎將軍。 孫綝秉政，大臣疑貳，績恐吳必擾亂，而中國乘釁，乃密書結蜀，使為並兼之慮。 蜀遣右將軍閻宇將兵五千，增白帝守，以須績之後命。 永安初，遷上大將軍、都護督，自巴丘上迄西陵，元興元年，就拜左大司馬。 初，然為治行喪竟，乞復本姓，權不許，績以五鳳中表還為施氏，建衡二年卒。
Next spring Zhuge Ke marched on Xincheng and called for Zhu Ji's weight in the line, yet kept him half-stranded at Banzhou while Zhuge Rong doubled his jobs. That winter Zhuge Ke and Zhuge Rong perished; Zhu Ji went back to Lexiang with credentials as commander. In Taiping 2 he was named chief of cavalry. Once Sun Lin dominated the court and high officials eyed one another with suspicion, Zhu Ji feared Wu would tear apart while the north rushed through the gap, and he secretly wrote to Shu urging coordinated contingency plans. Shu answered by sending the right general Yan Yu with five thousand men to stiffen Baidi's garrison pending Zhu Ji's signal. Early in Yongan he rose to supreme grand general and commander-in-chief from Baqiu upriver to Xiling, and in Yuanxing 1 took the left grand marshal's seal where he stood. Years before, after Zhu Ran had mourned Zhu Zhi, he asked to take back the Shi surname, but Sun Quan refused; in the Wufeng era Zhu Ji petitioned again for the Shi name, and he died in Jianheng 2.
17
呂范字子衡，汝南細陽人也。 少為縣吏，有容觀姿貌。 邑人劉氏，家富女美，范求之。 女母嫌，欲勿與，劉氏曰："觀呂子衡，寧當久貧者邪?"遂與之婚。 後避亂壽春，孫策見而異之，范遂自委暱，將私客百人歸策。 時太妃在江都，策遣范迎之。 徐州牧陶謙謂范為袁氏覘候，諷縣掠考范，范親客健兒篡取以歸。 時唯范與孫河常從策，跨涉辛苦，危難不避，策亦親戚待之，每與升堂飲宴於太妃前。 後從策攻破廬江，還俱東渡，到橫江、當利，破長英、於麋，下小丹楊、湖孰，領湖孰相。 策定秣陵、曲阿，收笮融，劉繇餘眾，增范兵二千，騎五十匹。 後領宛陵令，討破丹楊賊，還吳，遷都督。 〈江表传曰：策从容独与范釭，范曰：“今将军事业日大，士众日盛，范在远，闻纲纪犹有不整者，范原蹔领都督，佐将军部分之。” 策曰：“子衡，卿既士大夫，加手下已有大众，立功於外，岂宜复屈小职，知军中细碎事乎！” 范曰：“不然。 今舍本土而讬将军者，非为妻子也，欲济世务。 犹同舟涉海，一事不牢，即俱受其败。 此亦范计，非但将军也。” 策笑，无以答。 范出，更释褠，著袴褶，执鞭，诣閤下启事，自称领都督，策乃授传，委以众事。 由是军中肃睦，威禁大行。〉
Lü Fan, styled Ziheng, came from Xiyang in Runan commandery. As a young man he served as a county clerk and cut a striking figure. A local magnate surnamed Liu had wealth and a lovely daughter; Lü Fan asked for her hand. The mother balked, but the father said, "Look at Lü Ziheng—do you think he will stay poor forever?" and the match was made. He later fled the wars to Shouchun; Sun Ce singled him out at sight, and Lü Fan pledged himself, bringing a hundred household warriors into Sun Ce's camp. The Lady Dowager was still at Jiangdu, and Sun Ce sent Lü Fan to escort her. Tao Qian, governor of Xu Province, took Lü Fan for a Yuan spy and had the county jail him for questioning; Lü Fan's stalwart retainers broke him out and carried him home. Only Lü Fan and Sun He stayed constantly at Sun Ce's side through every hardship; Sun Ce treated them like family and brought them to the inner hall to feast before his mother. He followed Sun Ce's storming of Lujiang, crossed east with him to Hengjiang and Dangli, broke Zhang Ying and Yu Mi, took Lesser Danyang and Hushu, and Lü Fan became chancellor of Hushu. Once Sun Ce secured Moling and Qu'e, absorbed Ze Rong and Liu Yao's remnants, he added two thousand foot and fifty horses to Lü Fan's command. He later governed Wanling, crushed the Danyang bandits, came back to Wu, and rose to area commander. 〈The Jiang Biao Zhuan records a pitch-pot game alone with Sun Ce: Lü Fan said, Your enterprise swells by the day and so does your army; even from afar I hear the staff is not fully knit; let me hold the area commander's seal for a time and help you sort the ranks. Sun Ce answered, Ziheng, you are a man of standing with a large following and battlefield laurels—why demean yourself to clerk's work inside camp? Lü Fan replied, That is not the point. Those who left home to follow you are not here for wives and children; they mean to set the age to rights. We share one boat on a wide sea: one loose rope drowns everyone aboard. This is my calculus too, not only yours. Sun Ce laughed and had no answer. Lü Fan left, swapped his gown for field dress, took a riding crop, presented himself at headquarters as acting area commander, and Sun Ce gave him the tally and the whole staff. After that the host grew orderly, and stern regulations ran through every camp.〉
18
是時下邳陳瑀自號吳都太守，住海西，與強族嚴白虎交通。 策自將討虎，別遣范與徐逸攻瑀於海西，梟其大將陳牧。 〈《九州春秋》曰：初平三年，扬州刺史陈祎死，袁术使瑀领扬州牧。 后术为曹公所败於封丘，南人叛瑀，瑀拒之。 术走阴陵，好辞以下瑀，瑀不知权，而又怯，不即攻术。 术於淮北集兵向寿春。 瑀惧，使其弟公琰请和於术。 术执之而进，瑀走归下邳。〉 又從攻祖郎於陵陽，太史慈於勇裡。 七縣平定，拜征虜中郎將，征江夏，還平鄱陽。 策薨，奔喪於吳。 後權復征江夏，范與張昭留守。 曹公至赤壁，與周瑜等俱拒破之，拜裨將軍，領彭澤太守，以彭澤、柴桑、歷陽為奉邑。 劉備詣京見權，范密請留備。 後遷平南將軍，屯柴桑。
Meanwhile Chen Yu of Xiapi called himself governor of Wu, held Haixi, and dealt with the magnate Yan Baihu. Sun Ce marched in person against Yan Baihu while detaching Lü Fan and Xu Yi to strike Chen Yu at Haixi, taking the head of Chen Yu's champion Chen Mu. 〈The Jiu zhou chun qiu says: in Chuping 3 the Yangzhou inspector Chen Yi died and Yuan Shu named Chen Yu acting shepherd of Yangzhou. Later Yuan Shu lost to Cao Cao at Fengqiu; the south turned on Chen Yu, and Chen Yu held the line against them. Yuan Shu fled to Yinling with smooth talk and humble phrases, yet Chen Yu misread the moment and, out of timidity, never struck while the chance lasted. Yuan Shu then massed troops north of the Huai and marched on Shouchun. Chen Yu panicked and sent his brother Chen Gongyan to beg a truce of Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu seized the envoy and pressed forward, and Chen Yu bolted home to Xiapi.〉 He also joined the attacks on Zu Lang at Lingyang and Tai Shi Ci at Yongli. Seven counties were settled; Lü Fan became general of the household who campaigns against captives, struck Jiangxia, then swung back to quiet Poyang. When Sun Ce died he raced to Wu for the funeral. Later Sun Quan renewed the Jiangxia campaign and left Lü Fan with Zhang Zhao to hold the rear. When Cao Cao came to Chibi, Lü Fan stood with Zhou Yu and broke him; Lü Fan was named lieutenant general, governor of Pengze, and given Pengze, Chaisang, and Liyang as fiscal domain. When Liu Bei visited Jing to meet Sun Quan, Lü Fan privately urged Sun Quan to hold him fast. He was later raised to general who pacifies the south and camped at Chaisang.
19
權討關羽，過范館。 謂曰："昔早從卿言，無此勞也。 今當上取之，卿為我守建業。 "權破羽還，都武昌，拜范建威將軍，封宛陵候，領丹楊太守，治建業，督扶州以下至海，轉以溧陽、懷安、寧國為奉邑。 曹休、張遼，臧霸等來伐，范督徐盛、全琮、孫韶等，以舟師拒休等於洞口。 遷前將軍，假節，改封南昌候。 時遭大風，船人覆溺，死者數千，還軍，拜揚州牧。
On Sun Quan's expedition against Guan Yu he stopped at Lü Fan's headquarters. He told him, Had I listened to you sooner, I would be spared this grind. I go north to take him; you will hold Jianye for me. After Sun Quan crushed Guan Yu he moved the court to Wuchang, made Lü Fan general who establishes might, marquis of Wanling, governor of Danyang administering from Jianye, with command from Fuzhou to the sea, and later shifted his stipend towns to Liyang, Huai'an, and Ningguo. Cao Xiu, Zhang Liao, Zang Ba, and others invaded Wu; Lü Fan led Xu Sheng, Quan Zong, Sun Shao, and the river fleet against Cao Xiu at Dongkou. He advanced to forward general, took the baton, and traded his fief for the marquisate of Nanchang. A gale caught the fleet; thousands drowned when boats rolled; on the withdrawal he was named shepherd of Yangzhou.
20
性好威儀，州民如陸遜、全琮及貴公子，皆修敬虔肅，不敢輕脫。 其居處服飾，於時奢靡，然勤事奉法，故權悅其忠，不怪其侈。 〈江表传曰：人有白范与贺齐奢丽夸绮，服饰僭拟王者，权曰：“昔管仲逾礼，桓公优而容之，无损於霸。 今子衡、公苗，身无夷吾之失，但其器械精好，舟车严整耳，此適足作军容，何损於治哉？” 告者乃不敢复言。〉 初策使范曲主財計，權時年少，私從有求，范必關白，不敢專許，當時以此見望。 權守陽羨長，有所私用，策或料覆，功曹周谷輒為傅著薄書，使無譴問。 權臨時悅之，及後統事，以范忠誠，厚見信任，以谷能欺更簿書，不用也。
He loved pomp: even great men like Lu Xun and Quan Zong, to say nothing of younger lords, approached him with stiff formality. His house and wardrobe ran to splendor, yet he toiled at duty and kept the code, so Sun Quan prized his loyalty and forgave the flash. 〈The Jiang Biao Zhuan says informers charged Lü Fan and He Qi with finery fit for a king; Sun Quan replied, Guan Zhong once overstepped rites, yet Duke Huan smiled and bore it without losing the hegemony. Ziheng and Gongmiao commit none of Guan Zhong's sins; their gear is simply polished and their convoys smart—that only dresses the army; what harm is there to rule? The accuser never dared raise the matter again.〉 Sun Ce had put Lü Fan in charge of the books at Qu; young Sun Quan would dip into the funds for private ends, yet Lü Fan always reported each request upward and never signed off alone—so the heir once thought him tiresome. When Sun Quan governed Yangxian and skimmed the ledgers, Sun Ce sometimes audited the books; merit officer Zhou Gu would falsify the registers so no questions followed. Sun Quan had liked Zhou Gu in the moment, but once he ruled the realm he prized Lü Fan's honesty and relied on him heavily, while Zhou Gu, who knew only how to cook books, never won office again.
21
黃武七年，范遷大司馬，印綬未下，疾卒。 權素服舉哀，遣使者追贈印綬。 及還都建業，權過范墓呼曰："子衡!"言及流涕，祀以太牢。 〈江表传曰：初，权移都建业，大会将相文武，时谓严畯曰：“孤昔叹鲁子敬比邓禹，吕子衡方吴汉，间卿诸人未平此论，今定云何？” 畯退席曰：“臣未解指趣，谓肃、范受饶，褒叹过实。” 权曰：“昔邓仲华初见光武，光武时受更始使，抚河北，行大司马事耳，未有帝王志也。 禹劝之以复汉业，是禹开初议之端矣。 子敬英爽有殊略，孤始与一语，便及大计，与禹相似，故比之。 吕子衡忠笃亮直，性虽好奢，然以忧公为先，不足为损，避袁术自归於兄，兄作大将，别领部曲，故忧兄事，乞为都督，办护脩整，加之恪勤，与吴汉相类，故方之。 皆有指趣，非孤私之也。” 畯乃服。〉 范長子先卒，次子據嗣。
In Huangwu 7 Lü Fan was named grand marshal; the credentials never reached him—he died first. Sun Quan wore white, held a state lament, and sent envoys to confer the seal and ribbon after his death. After moving the court to Jianye he stopped at Lü Fan's grave, cried "Ziheng!" until tears ran, and offered the highest sacrifice of an ox. 〈The Jiang Biao Zhuan says: when Sun Quan first shifted the seat to Jianye he feasted his commanders and asked Yan Jun, I once ranked Lu Su with Deng Yu and Lü Fan with Wu Han, and you all demurred—now that time has tested them, what is your verdict? Yan Jun rose from his cushion and said, I failed to see your meaning and assumed Your Majesty had overstated Lu Su and Lü Fan. Sun Quan answered, When Deng Yu first met Guangwu, the emperor was still an envoy of Gengshi pacifying Hebei and holding only the grand marshal's baton—no imperial ambition yet. Deng Yu pressed him to revive the Han; he opened the first serious counsel. Lu Su is bold and far-sighted; one private word with me touched the grand strategy—like Deng Yu, hence the parallel. Lü Fan fled Yuan Shu to my brother, served my brother's separate command, begged the area command to set the army in order, and though fond of display always put the state first—Wu Han in another skin, so I named him thus. Each comparison had a point; it was no private favor. Yan Jun conceded.〉 Lü Fan's eldest son died young; the second son Lü Ju succeeded him.
22
子據
The heir: Lü Ju.
23
據字世議。 以父任為郎，後范寢疾，拜副軍校尉，佐領軍事。 范卒，遷安軍中郎將。 數討山賊，諸深惡劇地，所擊皆破、隨太常潘浚討五溪，復有功。 朱然攻樊，據與朱異破城外圍，還拜偏將軍。 入補馬閒右部督，遷越騎校尉。 太元元年，大風，江水溢流，漸淹城門，權使視水，獨見據使人取大船以備害。 權嘉之，拜蕩魏將軍。 權寢疾，以據為太子右部督。 太子即位，拜右將軍。 魏出東興，據赴討有功。 明年，孫峻殺諸葛恪，遷據為驃騎將軍，平西宮事。 五鳳二年，假節，與峻等襲壽春，還遇魏將曹珍，破之於高亭。 太平元年，帥師侵魏，未及淮，聞孫峻死，以從弟綝自代，據大怒，引軍還，欲廢綝。 綝聞之，使中書奉詔，詔文欽、劉纂，唐咨等使取據，又遣從兄慮以都下兵逆據於江都。 左右勸據降魏，據曰："恥為叛臣。 "遂自殺。 夷三族。
Lü Ju, styled Shiyi. Through his father's rank he entered as a gentleman; when Lü Fan fell mortally ill he became deputy colonel of the army and helped run the staff. After Lü Fan died he was promoted to gentleman of the household attached to the army stabilization command. He repeatedly cleared mountain strongholds in the worst terrain and never failed; he followed Pan Jun against the Five Gorges and won further distinction. When Zhu Ran besieged Fancheng, Lü Ju and Zhu Yi tore down the outer ring of fortifications, and Lü Ju came home a lieutenant general. He was called in as commander of the right wing of the horse corral, then promoted to colonel of the agile cavalry. In Taiyuan 1 a gale drove the river over its banks toward the gates; Sun Quan's inspectors found only Lü Ju launching great ships to meet the flood. Sun Quan commended him and named him general who smashes Wei. When Sun Quan fell seriously ill he named Lü Ju commander of the heir apparent's right guard. When the crown prince succeeded, Lü Ju became right general. When Wei struck Dongxing, Lü Ju marched to the relief and earned credit. The next year Sun Jun murdered Zhuge Ke and advanced Lü Ju to chief of cavalry with custody of the western palace. In Wufeng 2 he took the baton, joined Sun Jun's raid on Shouchun, and on the way back smashed Cao Zhen at Gaoting. In Taiping 1 he invaded Wei but turned back short of the Huai when he learned Sun Jun was dead and Sun Lin had seized power; enraged, he marched home intending to depose Sun Lin. Sun Lin answered with an edict through the secretariat, ordering Wen Qin, Liu Zuan, and Tang Zi to arrest Lü Ju while his cousin Sun Lu blocked him at Jiangdu with the capital garrison. His staff urged defection to Wei; Lü Ju said, I will not live as a turncoat. He then took his own life. His kin to the third degree were extirpated.
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朱桓字休穆，吳郡吳人也。 孫權為將軍，桓給事幕府，除餘姚長。 往遇疫癘，谷食荒貴，桓分部良吏，隱親醫藥，餐粥相繼，士民感戴之。 遷蕩寇校尉，授兵二千人，使部伍吳、會二郡，鳩合遺散，期年之間，得萬餘人。 後丹楊、鄱陽山賊蜂起，攻沒城郭，殺略長吏，處處屯聚。 桓督領諸將，周旋赴討，應皆平定。 稍遷裨將軍，封新城亭候。
Zhu Huan, styled Xiumu, came from Wu in Wu commandery. While Sun Quan still held the rank of general, Zhu Huan served on his staff and became magistrate of Yuyao. A plague struck the county and grain soared in price; Zhu Huan split the work among able officers, fed the sick gruel and physic himself, and won the people's devotion. He rose to colonel who smashes bandits, took two thousand men, and recruited stragglers across Wu and Kuaiji until he had over ten thousand within a year. Then Danyang and Poyang bandits swarmed, stormed cities, slew magistrates, and camped in every valley. Zhu Huan led the generals in swift strikes and stamped them out. He stepped up to lieutenant general and village marquis of Xincheng.
25
後代周泰為濡須督。 黃武元年，魏使大司馬曹仁步騎數萬向濡須，仁欲以兵襲取州上，偽先揚聲欲東攻羨溪； 桓分兵將赴羨溪，既發，卒得仁進軍拒濡須七十里問。 桓遣使追還羨溪兵，兵未到而仁奄至。 時桓手下及所部兵，在者五千人，諸將業業，各有懼心，桓喻之曰："凡兩軍交對，勝負在將，不在眾寡。 諸君聞曹仁用兵行師，孰與桓邪?兵法所以稱客倍而主人半者，謂俱在平原。 無城池之守，又謂士眾勇怯齊等故耳。 今人既非智勇，加其士卒甚怯，又千里步涉，人馬罷困，桓與諸軍。 共據高城，南臨大江，北背山陵，以逸待勞，為主制客，此百戰百勝之勢也。 雖曹丕自來，尚不足憂，況仁等邪!"桓因偃旗鼓，外示虛弱，以誘致仁。 仁果遣其子泰攻濡須城，分遣將軍常雕督諸葛虔、王雙等，乘油船別襲中洲。 中洲者，部曲妻子所在也。 仁自將萬人留橐皋，復為泰等後拒。 桓部兵將攻取油船，或別擊雕等，桓等身自拒泰，燒營而退，遂梟雕，生虜雙，送武昌，臨陳斬溺死者千餘。 權嘉桓功，封嘉興侯，遷奮武將軍，領彭城相。
He later succeeded Zhou Tai as Ruxu commander. In Huangwu 1 Wei sent Grand Marshal Cao Ren with tens of thousands toward Ruxu; Cao Ren meant to snatch the midriver islet while crying aloud that he would strike Xianxi to the east. Zhu Huan split his force for Xianxi, but scouts soon reported Cao Ren already seventy li from Ruxu on the embankment. He recalled the Xianxi column, yet Cao Ren arrived before it returned. Only five thousand of Zhu Huan's men stood ready; every general quaked, yet Zhu Huan told them, When two armies meet, the general decides the day, not the head count. You know Cao Ren's reputation in the field—how does it stack against mine? The classic rule that the invader needs twice the strength applies on open ground. It assumes no walled camps and evenly matched nerve. Their general has no genius or nerve, his men are frightened, and a thousand-li slog has broken horse and rider; Zhu Huan and your comrades are ready to meet him. We hold this high town with the river at our front and hills at our back, fresh against weary, defender against intruder—that is the posture that wins every fight. Were Cao Pi himself to come I would not fret, let alone Cao Ren! He furled drums and colors and feigned weakness to bait the enemy. Cao Ren sent Cao Tai against Ruxu town while Chang Diao, Zhuge Qian, and Wang Shuang skimmed in oiled boats toward the central islet. That islet held the soldiers' wives and children. Cao Ren camped ten thousand at Tuogao to backstop Cao Tai. Zhu Huan's men took the oil boats, others fell on Chang Diao, and Zhu Huan himself drove Cao Tai off in flames, took Chang Diao's head, dragged Wang Shuang in bonds to Wuchang, and left a thousand Wei dead in the water and dust. Sun Quan rewarded him with the Jiaxing marquisate, the rank of general who rouses martial prowess, and the titular chancellorship of Pengcheng.
26
黃武七年，鄱陽太守周魴譎誘魏大司馬曹休，休將步騎十萬至皖城以迎魴。 時陸遜為元帥，全琮與桓為左右督，各督三萬人擊休。 休知見欺，當引軍還，自負眾盛，邀於一戰。 桓進計曰："休本以親戚見任，非智勇名將也。 今戰必敗，敗必定。 走當由夾石、掛車，此兩道皆險阨，若以萬兵柴路，則彼眾可盡。 而休可生虜，臣請將所部以斷之。 若蒙天威，得以休自效，便可乘勝長驅，近取壽春，割有淮面，以規許、洛，此萬世一時，不可失也。 "權先與陸遜議，遜以為不可，故計不施行。
In Huangwu 7 Zhou Fang of Poyang baited Wei's Grand Marshal Cao Xiu, who marched a hundred thousand men to Wancheng to receive him. Lu Xun held supreme command while Quan Zong and Zhu Huan led thirty thousand each against Cao Xiu. Cao Xiu saw the trap and should have withdrawn, yet trusted his numbers and demanded one decisive clash. Zhu Huan urged, Cao Xiu owes his post to connections, not to genius in arms. Fight him and he will break; break and he will run. His retreat must thread Jiashi and Guache—both defiles where ten thousand men felling trees could swallow his whole army. Give me my command to cut those passes and we may take Cao Xiu alive. If Heaven favors us and Cao Xiu falls into your hands, we can roll forward, seize Shouchun, clip the Huai's south bank, and eye Xuchang and Luoyang—a once-in-ages opening we dare not waste. Sun Quan first asked Lu Xun, who vetoed the scheme, so it died in council.
27
黃龍元年，拜桓前將軍，領青州牧，假節。 嘉禾六年，魏廬江主簿呂習請大兵自迎，欲開門為應。 桓與衛將軍全琮俱以師迎。 既至，事露，軍當引還。 城外有溪水，去城一里所，廣三十餘丈，深者八九尺，淺者半之，諸軍勒兵渡去，桓自斷後。 時廬江太守李膺整嚴兵騎，欲須諸軍半渡，因迫擊之。 及見桓節蓋在後，卒不敢出，其見憚如此。 是時全琮為督，權又令偏將軍胡綜宣傳詔命，參與軍事。 琮以軍出無獲，議欲部分諸將，有所掩襲。 桓素氣高，恥見部伍，乃往見琮，問行意，感激發怒，與琮校計。 琮欲自解，因曰："上自令胡綜為督，綜意以為宜爾。 "桓愈恚恨，還乃使人呼綜。 綜至軍門，桓出迎之，顧謂左右曰："我縱手，汝等各自去。 "有一人旁出，語綜使還。
In Huanglong 1 Zhu Huan became forward general, nominal shepherd of Qing Province, and took the baton. In Jiahe 6 Lü Xi, chief clerk of Wei's Lujiang, begged Wu to send a relief host and promised to open the gates. Zhu Huan and the guards general Quan Zong marched to meet him. The plot leaked; the expedition had to pull out. A stream lay a li outside the walls, thirty-odd zhang across, knee-deep in the shallows and deeper in the channel; the columns filed across while Zhu Huan alone covered the rear. The Wei governor Li Ying massed horse and foot, meaning to strike when half the Wu host was midstream. When he saw Zhu Huan's banner and credentials still on the far bank he dared not move—that was the dread Zhu Huan inspired. Quan Zong held overall command while Sun Quan also sent Hu Zong to read edicts and sit on the council of war. Because the campaign won nothing, Quan Zong proposed splitting the generals for a surprise stroke. Proud Zhu Huan hated taking orders; he confronted Quan Zong, grew heated, and argued the dispositions. Quan Zong deflected blame: The throne named Hu Zong commander; I merely agreed. Zhu Huan's fury deepened; back in camp he sent for Hu Zong. Hu Zong reached the gate; Zhu Huan stepped out, glanced at his attendants, and said, If I loose my grip, you may scatter. One man slipped aside and whispered that Hu Zong should leave.
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桓出，不見綜，知左右所為，因斫殺之。 桓佐軍進諫，刺殺佐軍，遂托狂發，詣建業治病。 權惜其功能，故不罪。 〈孙盛曰：书云臣无作威作福，作威作福，则凶于而家，害于而国。 桓之贼忍，殆虎狼也，人君且犹不可，况将相乎？ 语曰，得一夫而失一国，纵罪亏刑，失孰大焉！〉 使子異攝領部曲，令醫視護，數月復遣還中洲。 權自出祖送，謂曰："今寇虜尚存，王塗未一，孤當與君共定天下，欲令督五萬人專當一面，以圖進取，想君疾未復發也。 "桓曰："天授陛下聖姿，當君臨四海，猥重任臣，以除奸逆，臣疾當自愈。" 〈吴录曰：桓奉觞曰：“臣当远去，原一捋陛下须，无所复恨。” 权冯几前席，桓进前捋须曰：“臣今日真可谓捋虎须也。” 权大笑。〉
Zhu Huan emerged, missed Hu Zong, realized his own men had turned the envoy back, and cut them down. When his army adviser protested, Zhu Huan killed him too, feigned madness, and rode to Jianye for a cure. Sun Quan valued his service too much to punish him. 〈Sun Sheng cites the classic: ministers must not play tyrant or patron; doing so ruins house and state. Zhu Huan's savagery was tiger-wolf stuff—intolerable even in a prince, let alone a general? The proverb says: win one bravo and lose a kingdom—no graver fault than sparing such a crime.〉 He put his son Zhu Yi in charge of his troops, set physicians to watch him, and after a few months sent him back to the islet garrison. Sun Quan walked him to the parting rite and said, Rebels still live and the realm is not yet one; I had meant to give you fifty thousand men and a whole front of your own—if only your illness does not return. Zhu Huan answered, "Heaven gave Your Majesty a sovereign's bearing to rule the four seas; loading your servant with the work of scourging traitors will cure whatever ails him." 〈The Wu lu adds: Zhu Huan raised his cup: I march far; let me tug your beard once and I die content. Sun Quan leaned on the rail; Zhu Huan stepped up, tugged his whiskers, and said, Today I have truly tweaked the tiger. Sun Quan roared with laughter.〉
29
桓性護前，恥為人下，每臨敵交戰，節度不得自由，輒嗔恚憤激。 然輕財貴義，兼以強識。 與人一面，數十年不忘，部曲萬口，妻子盡識之。 愛養吏士，贍護六親，俸祿產業，皆與共分。 及桓疾困，舉營憂戚。 年六十二，赤烏元年卒。 吏士男女，無不號慕。 又家無餘財，權賜鹽五千斛以周喪事。 子異嗣。
He could not bear subordination: if orders cramped him in battle he boiled with rage. Yet he despised riches, honored duty, and never forgot a face. One glance decades ago stayed with him; he knew every face among ten thousand dependents. He fed his soldiers, carried his whole kinship on his pay, and split every stipend. When his last illness came, every tent mourned. He died at sixty-two in Chiwu 1. Officers, men, women—everyone wept for him. His house was bare; Sun Quan gave five thousand hu of salt to bury him decently. His son Zhu Yi inherited the title.
30
子異
The heir: Zhu Yi.
31
異字季文，以父任除郎， 〈文士传曰：张惇子纯与张俨及异俱童少，往见骠骑将军硃据。 据闻三人才名，欲试之，告曰：“老鄙相闻，饥渴甚矣。 夫騕褭以迅骤为功，鹰隼以轻疾为妙，其为吾各赋一物，然后乃坐。” 俨乃赋犬曰：“守则有威，出则有获，韩卢、宋鹊，书名竹帛。” 纯赋席曰：“席以冬设，簟为夏施，揖让而坐，君子攸宜。” 异赋弩曰：“南岳之幹，锺山之铜，应机命中，获隼高墉。” 三人各随其目所见而赋之，皆成而后坐，据大欢悦。〉 後拜騎都尉，代桓領兵，赤烏四年，隨朱然攻魏樊城，建計破其外圍，還拜偏將軍。 魏廬江太守文欽營住六安，多設屯寨，置諸道要，以招誘亡叛，為邊寇害。 異乃身率其手下二千人，掩破欽七屯，斬首數百，遷揚武將軍。 權與論攻戰，辭對稱意。 權謂異從父驃騎將軍據曰："本知季文定，見之復過所聞。 十三年，文欽詐降，密書與異，欲令自迎。 異表呈欽書，因陳其偽，不可便迎。 權詔曰："方今北土未一，欽雲欲歸命，宜且迎之。 若嫌其有譎者，但當設計網以羅之，盛重兵以防之耳。 "乃遣呂據督二萬人，與異並力，至北界，欽果不降。 建興元年，遷鎮南將軍。 是歲魏遣胡遵、譜葛誕等出東興，異督水軍攻浮梁，壞之，魏軍大破。 〈吴书曰：异又随诸葛恪围新城，城既不拔，异等皆言宜速还豫章，袭石头城，不过数日可拔。 恪以书晓异，异投书於地曰：“不用我计，而用傒子言！” 恪大怒，立夺其兵，遂废还建业。〉 太平二年，假節，為大都督，救壽春圍，不解。 還軍，為孫綝所枉害。 〈吴书曰：綝要异相见，将往，恐陆抗止之，异曰：“子通，家人耳，当何所疑乎！” 遂往。 綝使力人於坐上取之。 异曰：“我吴国忠臣，有何罪乎？” 乃拉杀之。〉
Zhu Yi, styled Jiwen, entered the court as a gentleman through his father's rank, 〈The Wen shi zhuan tells how Zhang Chun, Zhang Yan, and Zhu Yi, still boys, once called on Chief of Cavalry Zhu Ju. Zhu Ju had heard of their budding fame and proposed a trial: I am a dull old man who has long thirsted for word of you. The swift courser wins praise for its dash, the hawk for its strike—each of you versify whatever your eye falls on, and we dine only after. Zhang Yan sang the dog: fierce at the door, deadly in the field—like Han Lu and Song Que, names inked on the histories. Zhang Chun took the rush mat: laid in winter, bamboo in summer, yielding the seat—fit for a gentleman. Zhu Yi chose the crossbow: wood from the southern ranges, bronze from Bell Mountain—draw, loose, and drop the falcon on the parapet. The three each versified the first object they saw, finished, then took their seats, and Zhu Ju was delighted.〉 He later became colonel of cavalry, inherited Zhu Huan's command, joined Zhu Ran's Chiwu 4 strike on Wei's Fancheng, planned the breach of the outer stockade, and returned a lieutenant general. Wen Qin of Wei stacked camps at Lu'an along every choke point to lure deserters and raid the frontier. Zhu Yi led his two thousand in a night rush, shattered seven of Wen Qin's camps, took several hundred heads, and won promotion as general who displays martial prowess. Sun Quan debated tactics with him and liked every answer. Sun Quan told Zhu Ju, his kinsman and chief of cavalry, I always knew Zhu Yi was solid; meeting him he outshines even the reports. In the thirteenth year Wen Qin pretended to defect, writing secretly to Zhu Yi to ask him to ride out in person. Zhu Yi laid the letter before the throne, argued it was a snare, and warned against a hasty welcome. The edict answered, The north is still divided; if Wen Qin means to submit, you should meet him for now. If you fear treachery, set traps and stack the border with heavy arms. He sent Lü Ju with twenty thousand to back Zhu Yi; they reached the frontier and Wen Qin never came over. In Jianxing 1 he became general who guards the south. The same year Hu Zun and Zhuge Dan struck Dongxing; Zhu Yi led the river wing, smashed the pontoon, and broke the Wei host. 〈The Wu shu adds: Zhu Yi followed Zhuge Ke at Xincheng; when the siege stalled, he urged a fast return to raid Stone City, which would fall in days. Zhuge Ke wrote him down; Zhu Yi flung the letter down: You ignore my counsel for some stripling's whim! Zhuge Ke raged, stripped him of command on the spot, and packed him off to Jianye.〉 In Taiping 2 he took the baton as grand commander and marched to relieve Shouchun without breaking the ring. On the march home Sun Lin murdered him on a false charge. 〈The Wu shu says Sun Lin summoned him; Lu Kang would have held him back, but Zhu Yi said, "Zitong is kin—why doubt!" He went. Sun Lin had brutes drag him from his cushion. Zhu Yi cried, I am Wu's loyal servant—what is my crime? They hauled him out and killed him.〉
32
【評】
Appraisal
33
評曰：朱治、呂范以舊臣任用，朱然、朱桓以勇烈著聞，呂據、朱異、施績鹹有將領之才，克紹堂構。 若范、桓之越隘，得以吉終，至於據、異無此之尤而反罹殃者，所遇之時殊也。
The historian concludes: Zhu Zhi and Lü Fan rose as old retainers; Zhu Ran and Zhu Huan won fame in battle; Lü Ju, Zhu Yi, and Shi Ji each had a general's gift and could uphold their fathers' houses. Lü Fan and Zhu Huan braved deadly ground yet died in honor; Lü Ju and Zhu Yi committed no such outrage yet perished—the difference lay in the times they met, not in their merits alone.