1
孫登字子高，權長子也。 魏黃初二年，以權爲吳王，拜登東中郎將，封萬戶侯，登辭疾不受。 是歲，立登爲太子，選置師傅，銓簡秀士，以爲賔友，於是諸葛恪、張休、顧譚、陳表等以選入，侍講詩書，出從騎射。 權欲登讀《漢書》，習知近代之事，以張昭有師法，重煩勞之，乃令休從昭受讀，還以授登。 登待接寮屬，略用布衣之禮，與恪、休、譚等或同輿而載，或共帳而寐。 太傅張溫言於權曰：「夫中庶子官最親密，切問近對，宜用儁德。」 於是乃用表等爲中庶子。 後又以庶子禮拘，復令整巾侍坐。 黃龍元年，權稱尊號，登爲皇太子，以恪爲左輔，休右弼，譚爲輔正，表爲翼正都尉，是爲四友，而謝景、范慎、刁玄、羊衜等皆爲賔客， 〈衜音道。〉 於是東宮號爲多士。 〈《吳錄》曰：慎字孝敬，廣陵人，竭忠知己之君，纏綿三益之友，時人榮之。 著論二十篇，名曰《矯非》。 後爲侍中，出補武昌左部督，治軍整頓。 孫皓移都，甚憚之，詔曰：「慎勳德俱茂，朕所敬憑，宜登上公，以副衆望。」 以爲太尉。 慎自恨久爲將，遂託老耄。 軍士戀之，舉營爲之隕涕。 鳳凰三年卒，子耀嗣。 玄，丹楊人。 衜，南陽人。 《吳書》曰：衜初爲中庶子，年二十。 時廷尉監隱蕃交結豪傑，自衞將軍全琮等皆傾心敬待，惟衜及宣詔郎豫章楊迪拒絕不與通，時人咸怪之。 而蕃後叛逆，衆乃服之。 《江表傳》曰：登使侍中胡綜作賔友目曰：「英才卓越，超踰倫匹，則諸葛恪。 精識時機，達幽究微，則顧譚。 凝辨宏達，言能釋結，則謝景。 究學甄微，游夏同科，則范慎。」 衜乃私駁綜曰：「元遜才而疏，子嘿精而狠，叔發辯而浮，孝敬深而狹。」 所言皆有指趣。 而衜卒以此言見咎，不爲恪等所親。 後四人皆敗，吳人謂衜之言有徵。 位至桂陽太守，卒。〉
Sun Deng, whose courtesy name was Zigao, was Sun Quan's firstborn son. In 221, the Wei court invested Sun Quan as King of Wu and named Sun Deng General of the Household for All Purposes of the East with a fief of ten thousand households; Sun Deng pleaded ill health and refused the appointment and title. The same year Sun Deng was made crown prince. Tutors were appointed and talented men chosen as his companions, so Zhuge Ke, Zhang Xiu, Gu Tan, Chen Biao, and others joined his household by competitive selection—indoors they expounded the Classics; outdoors they rode and shot with him. Sun Quan wanted his heir to read the Han shu and learn recent history. Zhang Zhao was the acknowledged master teacher, but Sun Quan hesitated to burden him, so he had Zhang Xiu study under Zhang Zhao and then pass the lessons on to Sun Deng. With his staff Sun Deng kept to plain, almost commoner-level courtesy: he shared a carriage with Zhuge Ke, Zhang Xiu, Gu Tan, and the like, or slept in the same tent with them. Grand Tutor Zhang Wen urged Sun Quan: "Palace attendants stand closest to the heir; they field urgent questions at his side. The posts demand men of exceptional moral stature." Sun Quan then appointed Chen Biao and others palace attendants. Later the formal etiquette for attendants proved awkwardly stiff, so he told them to straighten their caps and take seats while on duty. In 229 Sun Quan took the imperial style; Sun Deng became crown prince. Zhuge Ke was named left support, Zhang Xiu right support, Gu Tan rectifier of the heir, and Chen Biao capital commandant who wings the rectifier—the group known as the Four Friends—while Xie Jing, Fan Shen, Diao Xuan, Yang Dao, and others served as his guests. 〈The gloss reads the character with the same sound as dao, 'way." The heir's establishment was soon renowned for the density of talent around him. 〈According to the Wu lu, Fan Shen, styled Xiaojing, came from Guangling. He gave his whole loyalty to a sovereign who truly knew him, and he clung to friendships that enriched character in the classical "three ways"—contemporaries held him in high esteem. ) He wrote twenty essays collected under the title Rectifying Error. He later served as palace attendant, then transferred to command the left wing at Wuchang, where he ran a tight, disciplined camp. After Sun Hao shifted the capital he grew wary of Fan Shen's stature and issued an edict: "Fan's achievements and character alike command respect; I lean on him with reverence. He should be promoted to grand preceptor to satisfy public expectation." He was appointed grand commandant. Fan Shen had wearied of life in the field and pleaded senility to step down. The troops loved him; an entire camp shed tears at his departure. He died in 274; his son Fan Yao inherited his rank. Diao Xuan was from Danyang. Yang Dao came from Nanyang. The Wu shu records that Yang Dao began as a palace attendant at the age of twenty. The court jailer Yin Fan was courting powerful men, and even Guard General Quan Zong courted his favor—yet Yang Dao and the edict herald Yang Di of Yuzhang would have nothing to do with him, which contemporaries found inexplicable. When Yin Fan later turned traitor, everyone conceded that Yang Dao and Yang Di had been right. The Jiangbiao zhuan says Sun Deng had Palace Attendant Hu Zong draft appraisals of his companions: "For brilliance that towers above ordinary men, there is Zhuge Ke. For sharp judgment of timing and insight into hidden motives, there is Gu Tan. For steady judgment, breadth of mind, and words that untangle dilemmas, there is Xie Jing. For scholarship that sifts the fine points and rivals the disciples You and Xia, there is Fan Shen." Yang Dao quietly contradicted Hu Zong: "Zhuge Ke is gifted but careless; Gu Tan is sharp but ruthless; Xie Jing is fluent but shallow; Fan Shen is deep but narrow-minded." Each remark had a clear point behind it. Those words earned Yang Dao resentment, and Zhuge Ke's circle never warmed to him. When all four later fell, Wu observers said Yang Dao's verdicts had proved prophetic. He rose to prefect of Guiyang and died there.〉
2
權遷都建業，徵上大將軍陸遜輔登鎮武昌，領宮府留事。 登或射獵，當由徑道，常遠避良田，不踐苗稼，至所頓息，又擇空閑之地，其不欲煩民如此。 嘗乘馬出，有彈丸過，左右求之。 有一人操彈佩丸，咸以爲是，辭對不服，從者欲捶之，登不聽，使求過丸，比之非類，乃見釋。 又失盛水金馬盂，覺得其主，左右所爲，不忍致罰，呼責數之，長遣歸家，勑親近勿言。 後弟慮卒，權爲之降損，登晝夜兼行，到賴鄉，自聞，即時召見。 見權悲泣，因諫曰：「慮寢疾不起，此乃命也。 方今朔土未一，四海喁喁，天戴陛下，而以下流之念，減損大官殽饌，過於禮制，臣竊憂惶。」 權納其言，爲之加膳。 住十餘日，欲遣西還，深自陳乞，以乆離定省，子道有闕，又陳陸遜忠勤，無所顧憂，權遂留焉。 嘉禾三年，權征新城，使登居守，總知留事。 時年穀不豐，頗有盜賊，乃表定科令，所以防禦，甚得止姦之要。
When Sun Quan relocated the court to Jianye, he recalled Lu Xun from the field to help Sun Deng hold Wuchang and oversee all residual business of the heir's establishment. On the hunt he kept to byways and gave wide berth to fertile plots so as never to trample crops; when he camped he picked unused ground—such was his care not to burden commoners. Once, riding out, a sling pellet whistled past; his escorts set out to find who had fired it. They seized a man carrying a sling and pellets and assumed he was guilty; he protested his innocence until the escort wanted to thrash him. Sun Deng forbade it, had the actual pellet recovered, and showed it did not match the man's shot—so he was freed. When a gilt horse-head basin went missing, he traced it to his own attendants. He could not bring himself to punish them: he scolded them at length, sent them home on extended leave, and told his intimates to keep silent about the affair. After his brother Sun Lü died, Sun Quan curtailed court observances in grief. Sun Deng rode night and day to Laixiang, presented himself unbidden, and was admitted at once. He found his father in tears and urged him: "Sun Lü's illness ran its course—that was heaven's decree. The north is still unconquered; the realm hangs on your every word. Yet grief has led you to cut back the imperial kitchen beyond what ritual allows—I cannot help but worry." Sun Quan took the point and restored fuller meals. After ten days Sun Quan meant to send him back to the western command, but Sun Deng begged to stay: he had long neglected his filial duty of visiting his parents, he said, and Lu Xun was loyal and diligent enough that the western front needed no further anxiety from the heir. Sun Quan let him remain. In 234, when Sun Quan marched on Xincheng, he left Sun Deng in charge at the capital with full authority over rear-area administration. Harvests were poor and banditry common, so he memorialized for codified regulations on defense and hit exactly the measures needed to curb crime.
3
初，登所生庶賤，徐夫人少有母養之恩，後徐氏以妬廢處吳，而步夫人最寵。 步氏有賜，登不敢辭，拜受而已。 徐氏使至，所賜衣服，必沐浴服之。 登將拜太子，辭曰：「本立而道生，欲立太子，宜先立后。」 權曰：「卿母安在？」 對曰：「在吳。」 權嘿然。 〈《吳書》曰：弟和有寵於權，登親敬，待之如兄，常有欲讓之心。〉
Sun Deng's birth mother had been a woman of humble station. Lady Xu had raised him briefly in his childhood, but she was later cast aside for jealousy and sent to live in Wu, while Consort Lady Bu became Sun Quan's favorite. When Lady Bu sent gifts he did not dare refuse them—he merely bowed and accepted. Whenever Lady Xu sent clothing, he bathed before putting it on, treating her gifts with full ritual respect. As he was to be named heir, he objected: "The Analects say, 'When the root is firm, the Way grows.' If you mean to name a crown prince, you should first name an empress." Sun Quan asked, "Where is your mother now?" "In Wu," he answered." Sun Quan said nothing. 〈The Wu shu adds that his younger brother Sun He enjoyed Sun Quan's favor; Sun Deng honored him almost as an elder and more than once thought of yielding the succession to him.〉
4
立凡二十一年，年三十三卒。 臨終，上疏曰：「臣以無狀，嬰抱篤疾，自省微劣，懼卒隕斃。 臣不自惜，念當委離供養，埋胔后土，長不復奉望宮省，朝覲日月，生無益於國，死貽陛下重慼，以此爲哽結耳。 臣聞死生有命，長短自天，周晉、顏回有上智之才，而尚夭折，況臣愚陋，年過其壽，生爲國嗣，沒享榮祚，於臣已多，亦何悲恨哉！ 方今大事未定，逋寇未討，萬國喁喁，係命陛下，危者望安，亂者仰治。 願陛下棄忘臣身，割下流之恩，脩黃老之術，篤養神光，加羞珍膳，廣開神明之慮，以定無窮之業，則率土幸賴，臣死無恨也。 皇子和仁孝聦哲，德行清茂，宜早建置，以繫民望。 諸葛恪才略博達，器任佐時。 張休、顧譚、謝景，皆通敏有識斷，入宜委腹心，出可爲爪牙。 范慎、華融矯矯壯節，有國士之風。 羊衜辯捷，有專對之材。 刁玄優弘，志履道真。 裴欽博記，翰采足用。 蔣脩、虞翻，志節分明。 凡此諸臣，或宜廊廟，或任將帥，皆練時事，明習法令，守信固義，有不可奪之志。 此皆陛下日月所照，選置臣宮，得與從事，備知情素，敢以陳聞。 臣重惟當今方外多虞，師旅未休，當厲六軍，以圖進取。 軍以人爲衆，衆以財爲寶，竊聞郡縣頗有荒殘，民物凋弊，姦亂萌生，是以法令繁滋，刑辟重切。 臣聞爲政聽民，律令與時推移，誠宜與將相大臣詳擇時宜，博采衆議，寬刑輕賦，均息力役，以順民望。 陸遜忠勤於時，出身憂國，謇謇在公，有匪躬之節。 諸葛瑾、步隲、朱然、全琮、朱據、呂岱、吾粲、闞澤、嚴畯、張承、孫怡忠於爲國，通達治體。 可令陳上便宜，蠲除苛煩，愛養士馬，撫循百姓。 五年之外，十年之內，遠者歸復，近者盡力，兵不血刃，而大事可定也。 臣聞『鳥之將死其鳴也哀，人之將死其言也善』，故子囊臨終，遺言戒時，君子以爲忠，豈況臣登，其能已乎？ 願陛下留意聽采，臣雖死之日，猶生之年也。」 旣絕而後書聞，權益以摧感，言則隕涕。 是歲，赤烏四年也。 謝景時爲豫章太守，不勝哀情，棄官奔赴，拜表自劾。 權曰：「君與太子從事，異於他吏。」 使中使慰勞，聽復本職，發遣還郡。 謚登曰宣太子。 〈《吳書》曰：初葬句容，置園邑，奉守如法，後三年改葬蔣陵。〉
He had been heir for twenty-one years when he died at thirty-three. Near death he addressed a memorial: "I have conducted myself without distinction and now lie gravely ill; knowing my own slight worth, I fear I may suddenly be taken. It is not my own fate I mourn, but that I must leave your service and lie beneath the soil, never again to attend court or behold your radiance. I have done the state little good in life, and my death will only deepen your sorrow—that is what chokes me. I know life and death are decreed and longevity is heaven's gift. The Zhou and Jin kings and Yan Hui were men of supreme intellect, yet they died young—how much more I, dull and obscure, who have already outlived my share, lived as your heir, and will depart with honors few could claim? What room is left for regret? The great enterprise is unfinished; rebels still roam. Every corner of the realm looks to you for its very breath—the imperiled seek safety, the chaotic seek order. Forget me, I beg you; set aside grief's pull. Practice the quieting arts of Huang-Lao, cherish your vital spirit, take rich nourishment, and broaden your mind for the boundless work ahead. If the realm can lean on you thus, I shall die content. Prince He is humane, filial, and quick of mind; his character is bright and sound. Establish him soon to answer what the people expect. Zhuge Ke combines breadth of talent with strategic depth—he has the capacity to serve the times. Zhang Xiu, Gu Tan, and Xie Jing are astute men of clear judgment—keep them at your breast in council, send them to the field as your strong arm. Fan Shen and Hua Rong carry themselves with the stern dignity of true "knights of the realm. Yang Dao is quick-witted and eloquent—material for embassies and set-piece debate. Diao Xuan is large-minded and steady, his aspirations rooted in what is genuine. Pei Qin's memory is encyclopedic and his pen more than adequate to any task. Jiang Xiu and Yu Fan are men of unmistakable principle. Each of these men belongs either in the council chamber or at the head of an army. They know the business of government, the letter of the law, and the claims of honor—none of them is easily swayed from his purpose. Your light has fallen on them all; they served in my household and I know their character through and through—I presume to commend them to you. Beyond our borders trouble still stirs and the armies never rest. Harden the host and press the advantage while you can. Soldiers need men, and men need means. I hear that many districts lie waste, the people are exhausted, and crime is spreading—hence the thickening of laws and the severity of punishments. Good government heeds the people; laws must move with the times. Counsel with your generals and ministers, gather opinion widely, ease penalties and taxes, and balance labor service—that is how to answer what the people long for. Lu Xun has been loyal and tireless, staking himself on the state's troubles and speaking plainly in its service—the classic minister who forgets self for duty. Zhuge Jin, Bu Zhi, Zhu Ran, Quan Zong, Zhu Ju, Lü Dai, Wu Can, Kan Ze, Yan Jun, Zhang Cheng, and Sun Yi are steadfast servants of the state who understand how government works. Charge them to memorialize on practical reforms, strip away vexatious exactions, care for troops and horses, and soothe the common people. Within five to ten years the distant will rally, the near will give their all, and you may settle the great enterprise without drawing a sword. They say a dying bird's cry is sad and a dying man's words are true. Zi-nang's deathbed counsel was judged loyal by every gentleman—how could I, Sun Deng, fall silent? I beg you to weigh these words: the day I die will still be a day I have lived, if you hear me." The memorial reached Sun Quan only after Sun Deng had died. Sun Quan was shattered; whenever he spoke of it, he wept. It was the fourth year of the Chiwu era (241). Xie Jing was prefect of Yuzhang. Overcome by grief, he abandoned his post to hurry to the capital and memorialized for punishment. Sun Quan told him, "Your service to the heir sets you apart from ordinary officials." He sent envoys to console Xie Jing, allowed him to resume his post, and sent him back to his commandery. Sun Deng was canonized as Crown Prince Xuan ("the Expositor"). 〈The Wu shu records that he was first interred at Jurong with a funerary estate and guardians as statute required, then, three years later, moved to the Jiang Mausoleum near Zhongshan.〉
5
子璠、希，皆早卒，次子英，封吳侯。 五鳳元年，英以大將軍孫峻擅權，謀誅峻，事覺自殺，國除。 〈《吳歷》曰：孫和以無罪見殺，衆庶皆懷憤歎，前司馬桓慮因此招合將吏，欲共殺峻立英，事覺，皆見殺，英實不知。〉
His sons Sun Fan and Sun Xi died young; the second son, Sun Ying, was enfeoffed as marquis of Wu. In 254 Sun Ying plotted to kill Grand General Sun Jun, who had seized power. The plot leaked; Sun Ying killed himself and his fief was extinguished. 〈The Wu li relates that when Sun He was executed though innocent, popular resentment ran high. The former major Huan Lu rallied officers to kill Sun Jun and enthrone Sun Ying; when the plot was exposed they were all executed, and Sun Ying had known nothing of it.〉
6
謝景者字叔發，南陽宛人。 在郡有治迹，吏民稱之，以爲前有顧劭，其次即景。 數年卒官。
Xie Jing, courtesy name Shufa, was a native of Wan in Nanyang. As prefect he left a record of good government; officials and people praised him, ranking him second only to the celebrated Gu Shao. He died in office a few years later.
7
孫慮字子智，登弟也。 少敏惠有才藝，權器愛之。 黃武七年，封建昌侯。 後二年，丞相雍等奏慮性聦體達，所尚日新，比方近漢，宜進爵稱王，權未許。 乆之，尚書僕射存上疏曰：「帝王之興，莫不襃崇至親，以光羣后，故魯衞於周，寵冠諸侯，高帝五王，封列于漢，所以藩屏本朝，爲國鎮衞。 建昌侯慮稟性聦敏，才兼文武，於古典制，宜正名號。 陛下謙光，未肯如舊，羣寮大小，咸用於邑。 方今姦寇恣睢，金鼓未弭，腹心爪牙，惟親與賢。 輒與丞相雍等議，咸以慮宜爲鎮軍大將軍，授任偏方，以光大業。」 權乃許之，於是假節開府，治半州。 〈《吳書》載權詔曰：「期運擾亂，凶邪肆虐，威罰有序，干戈不戢。 以慮氣志休懿，武略夙昭，必能爲國佐定大業，故授以上將之位，至以殊特之榮，寵以兵馬之勢，委以偏方之任。 外欲威振敵虜，厭難萬里，內欲鎮撫遠近，慰卹將士，誠慮建功立事竭命之秋也。 慮其內脩文德，外經武訓，持盈若沖，則滿而不溢。 敬慎乃心，無忝所受。」〉 慮以皇子之尊，富於春秋，遠近嫌其不能留意。 及至臨事，遵奉法度，敬納師友，過於衆望。 年二十，嘉禾元年卒。 無子，國除。
Sun Lu, styled Zizhi, was Sun Deng's younger brother. Even as a boy he showed quick intelligence and varied gifts; Sun Quan doted on him. In 228 he received the title of marquis of Jianchang. Two years later Chancellor Yong and others urged that Sun Lu was bright, well rounded, and ever improving—comparable to Han princes—and should be promoted to king. Sun Quan refused. Eventually Vice Director of the Secretariat Cun memorialized: "Every founding house exalts its closest kin to shine on the nobility—Lu and Wei stood first among Zhou lords, and Gaozu's five princes secured the Han. Such kin are the screen around the throne and the state's shield. Marquis Sun Lu of Jianchang is clever by nature and gifted in both civil and military affairs; classical precedent calls for his title to be regularized. Your modesty has held you back from following precedent, and the whole bureaucracy is frustrated. Rebels still swagger and the drums of war have not quieted. For the men at your breast and the arm you strike with, nothing matches kinsmen and proven talent. We have consulted Chancellor Yong and the rest: all agree that Sun Lu should be named general who stabilizes the army and given a regional command to magnify your great enterprise." Sun Quan agreed. Sun Lü received the imperial baton, opened his own command, and governed half the province. 〈The Wu shu preserves Sun Quan's edict: "Fortune's course is in turmoil and the wicked hold sway; though justice has its course, the weapons of war have not been stowed away. Sun Lü's bearing is noble and his military talent proven—he can help secure the great work. So I invest him as a supreme general, grant him extraordinary honor, put troops at his disposal, and charge him with a frontier command. Without, he shall overawe the foe across a thousand miles; within, he shall steady the realm and hearten the army. This is the season for him to stake everything on achievement. Let him cultivate civil virtue within and drill the army without; let him keep a full measure as if it were still empty, so that success never spills into arrogance. Guard your heart with care, and do not shame the trust I place in you."〉" As a prince in the bloom of youth, he was thought too young to handle real responsibility. When power actually came to him, he followed statute, heeded his tutors, and surpassed what anyone had expected. He died in 232, aged twenty. He left no heir, and the marquisate was abolished.
8
孫和字子孝，慮弟也。 少以母王有寵見愛，年十四，爲置宮衞，使中書令闞澤教以書藝。 好學下士，甚見稱述。 赤烏五年，立爲太子，時年十九。 闞澤爲太傅，薛綜爲少傅，而蔡穎、張純、封俌、嚴維等皆從容侍從。 〈《吳書》曰：和少岐嶷有智意，故權尤愛幸，常在左右，衣服禮秩雕玩珍異之賜，諸子莫得比焉。 好文學，善騎射，承師涉學，精識聦敏，尊敬師傅，愛好人物。 穎等每朝見進賀，和常降意，歡以待之。 講校經義，綜察是非，及訪諮朝臣，考績行能，以知優劣，各有條貫。 後諸葛壹僞叛以誘魏將諸葛誕，權潛軍待之。 和以權暴露外次，又戰者凶事，常憂勞憯怛，不復會同飲食，數上諫，戒令持重，務在全勝，權還，然後敢安。 張純字元基，敦之子。 《吳錄》曰：純少厲操行，學博才秀，切問捷對，容止可觀。 拜郎中，補廣德令，治有異績，擢爲太子輔義都尉。〉
Sun He, styled Zixiao, was Sun Lü's younger brother. His mother Lady Wang was in favor, so he was doted on from boyhood. At fourteen he received a princely guard, and Kan Ze of the Secretariat was ordered to tutor him in letters and the arts. He loved books and treated men of learning with deference, and won wide praise. In 242, at nineteen, he was named crown prince. Kan Ze was made grand tutor and Xue Zong junior tutor; Cai Ying, Zhang Chun, Feng Fu, Yan Wei, and others formed his leisurely circle of attendants. 〈The Wu shu says Sun He was precocious and clever, so Sun Quan favored him above the rest, kept him always at his side, and showered him with gifts no other son received. He cultivated literature, excelled at riding and archery, studied under masters, showed sharp wit, honored his tutors, and cherished worthy men. When Cai Ying and his fellows came to court to offer congratulations, Sun He always humbled himself and welcomed them warmly. He discussed the Classics, weighed right and wrong, questioned ministers about policy, and assessed their performance so that merit and fault each had its place. Later Zhuge Yi pretended to defect to lure Zhuge Dan of Wei; Sun Quan hid an army to spring the trap. With his father camped in the field and war—a thing of ill omen—hanging over the state, Sun He could not bring himself to feast; he remonstrated again and again that Sun Quan hold steady and aim at total victory, and only when the sovereign returned did he rest easy. Zhang Chun, courtesy name Yuanji, was the son of Zhang Dun. The Wu lu records that Zhang Chun disciplined himself young, was widely read and talented, asked sharp questions and answered crisply, and carried himself with presence. He served as a gentleman of the palace, then as magistrate of Guangde with a distinguished record, and rose to capital commandant assisting the heir.〉
9
是時有司頗以條書問事，和以爲姦妄之人，將因事錯意，以生禍心，不可長也，表宜絕之。 又都督劉寶白庶子丁晏，晏亦白寶，和謂晏曰：「文武在事，當能幾人，因隙構簿，圖相危害，豈有福哉？」 遂兩釋之，使之從厚。 常言當世士人宜講脩術學，校習射御，以周世務，而但交游博弈以妨事業，非進取之謂。 後羣寮侍宴，言及博弈，以爲妨事費日而無益於用，勞精損思而終無所成，非所以進德脩業，積累功緒者也。 且志士愛日惜力，君子慕其大者，高山景行，恥非其次。 夫以天地長乆，而人居其間，有白駒過隙之喻，年齒一暮，榮華不再。 凡所患者，在於人情所不能絕，誠能絕無益之欲以奉德義之塗，棄不急之務以脩功業之基，其於名行，豈不善哉？ 夫人情猶不能無嬉娛，嬉娛之好，亦在於飲宴琴書射御之間，何必博弈，然後爲歡。 乃命侍坐者八人，各著論以矯之。 於是中庶子韋曜退而論奏，和以示賔客。 時蔡穎好弈，直事在署者頗斆焉，故以此諷之。
Officials had begun probing cases with written questionnaires. Sun He argued that schemers would twist such forms to stir trouble, and memorialized to abolish the practice. When Area Commander Liu Bao and palace attendant Ding Yan denounced each other, Sun He told Ding Yan, "How few men truly hold office! To nurse grudges and plot mutual ruin can only bring ruin on us all." He freed both from the quarrel and urged them toward generosity. He often said scholars should study useful arts and drill riding and archery for practical affairs, not fritter life away in gaming and parties if they meant to accomplish anything. Later, at a banquet with his officials, talk turned to bo. Sun He argued that it wasted time, drained the mind, and achieved nothing—that it was no way to build character or a career. Men of purpose cherish time and strength; the gentleman looks to the highest example and is ashamed to fall short. Heaven and earth endure, but man's life flashes past like a white colt glimpsed through a crack—once youth is gone, splendor does not return. Our worst enemy is appetite we cannot master. Cut useless desires to walk the path of honor, drop busywork to lay foundations for real achievement—could name and conduct be better served? Nor need we be grim: pleasure lives in feasts, music, books, riding, and archery—must we rely on dice to be happy? He therefore told the eight companions at his side each to write an essay refuting the habit. Palace Attendant Wei Yao then drafted a piece on the subject, which Sun He shared with his guests. Cai Ying was fond of yi, and the clerks on duty had begun to imitate him—hence the pointed lesson.
10
是後王夫人與全公主有隙。 權嘗寢疾，和祠祭於廟，和妃叔父張休居近廟，邀和過所居。 全公主使人覘視，因言太子不在廟中，專就妃家計議； 又言王夫人見上寢疾，有喜色。 權由是發怒，夫人憂死，而和寵稍損，懼於廢黜。 魯王霸覬覦滋甚，陸遜、吾粲、顧譚等數陳適庶之義，理不可奪，全寄、楊笁爲魯王霸支黨，譖愬日興。 粲遂下獄誅，譚徙交州。 權沈吟者歷年， 〈殷基《通語》曰：初權旣立和爲太子，而封霸爲魯王，初拜猶同宮室，禮秩未分。 羣公之議，以爲太子、國王上下有序，禮秩宜異，於是分宮別僚，而隙端開矣。 自侍御賔客造爲二端，仇黨疑貳，滋延大臣。 丞相陸遜、大將軍諸葛恪、太常顧譚、驃騎將軍朱據、會稽太守滕胤、大都督施績、尚書丁密等奉禮而行，宗事太子，驃騎將軍步隲、鎮南將軍呂岱、大司馬全琮、左將軍呂據、中書令孫弘等附魯王，中外官僚將軍大臣舉國中分。 權患之，謂侍中孫峻曰：「子弟不睦，臣下分部，將有袁氏之敗，爲天下笑。 一人立者，安得不亂？」 於是有改嗣之規矣。 臣松之以爲袁紹、劉表謂尚、琮爲賢，本有傳後之意，異於孫權旣以立和而復寵霸，坐生亂階，自構家禍，方之袁、劉，昏悖甚矣。 步隲以德度著稱，爲吳良臣，而阿附於霸，事同楊笁，何哉？ 和旣正位，適庶分定，就使才德不殊，猶將義不黨庶，況霸實無聞，而和爲令嗣乎？ 夫邪僻之人，豈其舉體無善，但一爲不善，衆美皆亡耳。 隲若果有此事，則其餘不足觀矣！ 呂岱、全琮之徒，蓋所不足論耳。〉 後遂幽閉和。 於是驃騎將軍朱據、尚書僕射屈晃率諸將吏泥頭自縛，連日詣闕請和。 權登白爵觀見，甚惡之，勑據、晃等無事忩忩。 權欲廢和立亮，無難督陳正、五營督陳象上書，稱引晉獻公殺申生，立奚齊，晉國擾亂，又據、晃固諫不止。 權大怒，族誅正、象，據、晃牽入殿，杖一百， 〈《吳歷》曰：晃入，口諫曰：「太子仁明，顯聞四海。 今三方鼎跱，實不宜搖動太子，以生衆心。 願陛下少垂聖慮，老臣雖死，猶生之年。」 叩頭流血，辭氣不撓。 權不納晃言，斥還田里。 孫皓即位，詔曰：「故僕射屈晃，志匡社稷，忠諫亡身。 封晃子緒爲東陽亭侯，弟幹、恭爲立義都尉。」 緒後亦至尚書僕射。 晃，汝南人，見胡沖荅問。 《吳書》曰：張純亦盡言極諫，權幽之，遂棄市。〉 竟徙和於故鄣，羣司坐諫誅放者十數。 衆咸冤之。 〈《吳書》曰：權寢疾，意頗感寤，欲徵和還立之，全公主及孫峻、孫弘等固爭之，乃止。〉
Afterward Lady Wang and the Princess of Quan fell out. When Sun Quan fell seriously ill, Sun He sacrificed at the ancestral temple. His consort's uncle Zhang Xiu lived nearby and asked the heir to stop at his house. The Princess of Quan had him watched, then reported that the crown prince had skipped the temple to plot at his in-laws' house; she added that Lady Wang had looked pleased when the sovereign took to his bed. Sun Quan exploded with rage. Lady Wang died of grief, Sun He's favor waned, and he began to fear deposition. Prince Sun Ba of Lu eyed the throne more openly. Lu Xun, Wu Can, and Gu Tan repeatedly argued the law of legitimate heir versus younger sons, but Quan Ji and Yang Zhu backed Sun Ba, and slander flew daily. Wu Can was jailed and killed; Gu Tan was banished to Jiaozhou. For years Sun Quan wavered, 〈Yin Ji's Tong yu records that when Sun He was made heir and Sun Ba prince of Lu, they at first still shared quarters and equal ceremony. Ministers argued that crown prince and feudal prince must observe rank; separate households and staffs were ordered, and the split began. Attendants and guests chose sides; suspicion spread through the high ministers. Lu Xun, Zhuge Ke, Gu Tan, Zhu Ju, Teng Yin, Shi Ji, Ding Mi, and others stood by ritual and backed the heir; Bu Zhi, Lü Dai, Quan Zong, Lü Ju, Sun Hong, and others backed the Prince of Lu. The court and camp were torn in two. Sun Quan told Sun Jun, "My sons feud and my servants take sides—we risk the Yuan brothers' disaster and the world's mockery. How can the realm stay calm when two heirs are in play?" He began to consider replacing the heir. Pei Songzhi comments: Yuan Shao and Liu Biao genuinely preferred their younger sons—unlike Sun Quan, who had already named an heir yet doted on Sun Ba, inviting ruin at home. Beside them Sun Quan looks far more blind. Bu Zhi was celebrated as a worthy Wu minister—why did he cling to Sun Ba like Yang Zhu? Once the rightful heir was fixed, the line between legitimate son and younger brother was clear. Even had their talents been equal, duty forbids siding with the lesser son—and Sun Ba had no reputation beside Sun He. A wicked man is not all vice—but one wrong act cancels every virtue. If Bu Zhi really did that, nothing else he did deserves our respect! Lü Dai, Quan Zong, and their like scarcely merit discussion.〉 Sun He was then placed under house arrest. Zhu Ju and Vice Director Qu Huang led officers to the gates with heads smeared with mud and ropes on their wrists, day after day begging Sun Quan to forgive Sun He. From the White Heron Watch Sun Quan saw the demonstration and was furious; he ordered Zhu Ju and Qu Huang to stop their clamor. When Sun Quan meant to depose Sun He for Sun Liang, colonels Chen Zheng and Chen Xiang cited Duke Xian of Jin, who killed Crown Prince Sheng to install Xi Qi and threw the state into chaos; Zhu Ju and Qu Huang still would not let the matter drop. Sun Quan raged, executed Chen Zheng and Chen Xiang root and branch, had Zhu Ju and Qu Huang dragged into court, and gave them a hundred strokes, 〈The Wu li says Qu Huang entered and cried, "The crown prince is humane and wise, known throughout the realm. The three kingdoms stand like a tripod; you must not unsettle the heir and sow doubt among the people. I beg you reconsider—though this old minister die, he will count his life well spent." He beat his head on the floor until the blood flowed and never softened his tone. Sun Quan refused to hear him and sent Qu Huang home to his lands. When Sun Hao came to the throne he decreed, "The late Vice Director Qu Huang gave his life in loyal remonstrance for the altars of state. He enfeoffed Qu Huang's son Qu Xu as village marquis of Dongyang and his brothers Qu Gan and Qu Gong as capital commandants for upholding righteousness." Qu Xu later rose to Vice Director of the Secretariat. Qu Huang was from Runan; see Hu Chong's Questions and Answers. The Wu shu adds that Zhang Chun remonstrated to the limit; Sun Quan jailed him and had him executed in the marketplace.〉 Sun He was banished to Guchang, and a dozen or more officials who had pleaded for him were killed or exiled. Public opinion held him wronged. 〈The Wu shu says that when Sun Quan fell ill he nearly recalled Sun He as heir, but the Princess of Quan and Sun Jun and Sun Hong blocked it.〉
11
孫休立，封和子皓爲烏程侯，自新都之本國。 休薨，皓即阼，其年追謚父和曰文皇帝，改葬明陵，置園邑二百家，令、丞奉守。 後年正月，又分吳郡、丹楊九縣爲吳興郡，治烏程，置太守，四時奉祠。 有司奏言，宜立廟京邑。 寶鼎二年七月，使守大匠薛珝營立寢堂，號曰清廟。 十二月，遣守丞相孟仁、太常姚信等備官寮中軍步騎二千人，以靈輿法駕，東迎神於明陵。 皓引見仁，親拜送於庭。 〈《吳書》曰：比仁還，中使手詔，日夜相繼，奉問神靈起居動止。 巫覡言見和被服，顏色如平生日，皓悲喜涕淚，悉召公卿尚書詣闕門下受賜。〉 靈輿當至，使丞相陸凱奉三牲祭於近郊，皓於金城外露宿。 明日，望拜於東門之外。 其翌日，拜廟薦祭，歔欷悲感。 比七日三祭，倡技晝夜娛樂。 有司奏言「祭不欲數，數則黷，宜以禮斷情」，然後止。 〈《吳歷》曰：和四子：皓、德、謙、俊。 孫休即位，封德錢唐侯，謙永安侯，俊拜騎都尉。 皓在武昌，吳興施但因民之不堪命，聚萬餘人，劫謙，將至秣陵，欲立之。 未至三十里住，擇吉日，但遣使以謙命詔丁固、諸葛靚。 靚即斬其使。 但遂前到九里，固、靚出擊，大破之。 但兵裸身無鎧甲，臨陣皆披散。 謙獨坐車中，遂生獲之。 固不敢殺，以狀告皓，皓酖之，母子皆死。 俊，張承外孫，聦明辨惠，爲遠近所稱，皓又殺之。〉
When Sun Xiu took the throne he enfeoffed Sun He's son Sun Hao as marquis of Wucheng, who traveled from Xindu to his fief. After Sun Xiu died Sun Hao succeeded; the same year he posthumously titled his father Sun He as Emperor Wen, reinterred him at Ming Mausoleum with a two-hundred-household funerary estate under magistrate and assistant. The next New Year he carved nine counties from Wu and Danyang into a new Wu Xing commandery based at Wucheng, appointed a grand administrator, and ordered sacrifices each season. Officials memorialized for an ancestral temple in the capital. In the seventh month of 267 he had Guardian Grand Engineer Xue Xu build a spirit hall styled the Pure Temple. In the twelfth month he sent Acting Chancellor Meng Ren, Grand Master Yao Xin, a full retinue, and two thousand guards with the imperial bier east to Ming Mausoleum to fetch the spirit. Sun Hao received Meng Ren in audience and bowed him off in the courtyard himself. 〈The Wu shu says that while Meng Ren was returning, couriers with the emperor's own edicts followed one another night and day asking after the spirit's progress. Mediums claimed Sun He appeared in court dress, his face as in life; Sun Hao wept for joy and sorrow and summoned the high ministers to the gate to receive blessings.〉 As the bier neared, he told Chancellor Lu Kai to sacrifice the three victims in the near suburb while he himself camped in the open outside the Metal Wall. The next day he bowed toward the east outside the city gate. The following day he worshiped at the temple, offered sacrifice, and wept aloud. For seven days and three services, musicians and dancers entertained without cease. The responsible officials submitted saying "Sacrifice ought not to be frequent; if frequent then it is profane; one ought to cut off feeling by ritual"—only then did it stop. 〈The Wu li lists four sons of Sun He: Sun Hao, Sun De, Sun Qian, and Sun Jun. When Sun Xiu came to the throne he enfeoffed Sun De at Qiantang, Sun Qian at Yongan, and appointed Sun Jun cavalry commandant. While Sun Hao was at Wuchang, Shi Dan of Wu Xing, claiming the people could not endure his rule, raised over ten thousand men, seized Sun Qian, and marched on Moling intending to enthrone him. They halted thirty li short, picked an auspicious day, and sent envoys in Sun Qian's name to summon Ding Gu and Zhuge Jing. Zhuge Jing beheaded the messenger at once. Shi Dan pushed on to Jiuli; Ding Gu and Zhuge Jing sallied forth and crushed him. Shi Dan's men fought stripped of armor, hair streaming loose. Sun Qian alone sat in a carriage and was taken alive. Ding Gu dared not execute him and reported to Sun Hao, who poisoned him with wine; mother and son both died. Sun Jun was Zhang Cheng's grandson by a daughter—clever and praised far and wide—and Sun Hao killed him too.〉
12
孫霸字子威，和弟也。 和爲太子。 霸爲魯王，寵愛崇特，與和無殊。 頃之，和、霸不穆之聲聞於權耳，權禁斷往來，假以精學。 督軍使者羊衜上疏曰：「臣聞古之有天下者，皆先顯別適庶，封建子弟，所以尊重祖宗，爲國藩表也。 二宮拜授，海內稱宜，斯乃大吳興隆之基。 頃聞二宮並絕賔客，遠近悚然，大小失望。 竊從下風，聽採衆論，咸謂二宮智達英茂，自正名建號，於今三年，德行內著，美稱外昭，西北二隅，乆所服聞。 謂陛下當副順遐邇所以歸德，勤命二宮賔延四遠，使異國聞聲，思爲臣妾。 今旣未垂意於此，而發明詔，省奪備衞，抑絕賔客，使四方禮敬，不復得通，雖實陛下敦尚古義，欲令二宮專志於學，不復顧慮觀聽小宜，期於溫故博物而已，然非臣下傾企喁喁之至願也。 或謂二宮不遵典式，此臣所以寢息不寧。 就如所嫌，猶宜補察，密加斟酌，不使遠近得容異言。 臣懼積疑成謗，乆將宣流，而西北二隅，去國不遠，異同之語，易以聞達。 聞達之日，聲論當興，將謂二宮有不順之愆，不審陛下何以解之？ 若無以解異國，則亦無以釋境內。 境內守疑，異國興謗，非所以育巍巍，鎮社稷也。 願陛下早發優詔，使二宮周旋禮命如初，則天清地晏，萬國幸甚矣。」
Sun Ba, styled Ziwei, was Sun He's younger brother. Sun He held the position of crown prince. Sun Ba was Prince of Lu, yet Sun Quan showered him with favor that matched the heir apparent in every outward respect. Word soon reached Sun Quan that the two brothers were estranged; he barred them from visiting each other, citing the need for diligent study. Yang Dao, the army inspector, memorialized: "The ancients who ruled always drew a clear line between heir and younger sons and enfeoffed cadet princes—to honor the ancestors and ring the state with loyal kin. The dual investiture won approval across the realm; it was the bedrock on which Wu could prosper. Now both establishments have shut their doors to visitors; the whole country is uneasy and every rank is dismayed. From what people say, both princes are gifted; three years since their titles were fixed, their virtue is known at home and their repute abroad—Wei and Shu have long taken note. You should answer the hopes that bind the realm to you: bid both princes receive guests from every quarter so that rival states hear of their virtue and wish to submit. Instead you have published an edict that strips their guards and bars their guests, so envoys can no longer pay court. You may mean only to keep them at their books, but your servants had hoped for something very different. Some already whisper that the two princes flout precedent—that is what keeps your servant awake at night. Even if those suspicions were true, you should investigate quietly and not let rumor find a foothold anywhere. I fear doubt will curdle into slander and spread; our northern neighbors lie close—whispers travel fast. When those rumors break surface, men will say both princes are disloyal—how will you answer them? If you cannot satisfy foreign courts, you cannot quiet your own people either. A doubtful populace and a mocking abroad are no way to nurture majesty or secure the altars. Issue a generous edict, I beg you, and let both princes receive guests and observe ceremony as before—then heaven and earth will be at peace and the realm will rejoice."
13
時全寄、吳安、孫奇、楊笁等陰共附霸，圖危太子。 譖毀旣行，太子以敗，霸亦賜死。 流笁屍于江，兄穆以數諫戒笁，得免大辟，猶徙南州。 霸賜死後，又誅寄、安、奇等，咸以黨霸搆和故也。
Quan Ji, Wu An, Sun Qi, Yang Zhu, and others secretly backed Sun Ba and plotted against the crown prince. Slander did its work: the crown prince fell, and Sun Ba too was condemned to death. Yang Zhu's body was cast into the river. His brother Yang Mu, who had often warned him, escaped execution but was banished to the south. After Sun Ba's death, Quan Ji, Wu An, Sun Qi, and the rest were put to death for plotting with him against Sun He.
14
孫奮字子揚，霸弟也，母曰仲姬。 太元二年，立爲齊王，居武昌。 權薨，太傅諸葛恪不欲諸王處江濵兵馬之地，徙奮於豫章。 奮怒，不從命，又數越法度。 恪上牋諫曰：「帝王之尊，與天同位，是以家天下，臣父兄，四海之內，皆爲臣妾。 仇讎有善，不得不舉，親戚有惡，不得不誅，所以承天理物，先國後身，蓋聖人立制，百代不易之道也。 昔漢初興，多王子弟至於太彊，輒爲不軌，上則幾危社稷，下則骨肉相殘，其後懲戒，以爲大諱。 自光武以來，諸王有制，惟得自娛於宮內，不得臨民，干與政事，其與交通，皆有重禁，遂以全安，各保福祚。 此則前世得失之驗也。 近袁紹、劉表各有國土，土地非狹，人衆非弱，以適庶不分，遂滅其宗祀。 此乃天下愚智，所共嗟痛。 大行皇帝覽古戒今，防芽遏萌，慮於千載。 是以寢疾之日，分遣諸王，各早就國，詔策殷勤，科禁嚴峻，其所戒勑，無所不至，誠欲上安宗廟，下全諸王，使百世相承，無凶國害家之悔也。 大王宜上惟太伯順父之志，中念河間獻王、東海王彊恭敬之節，下當裁抑驕恣荒亂以爲警戒。 而聞頃至武昌以來，多違詔勑，不拘制度，擅發諸將兵治護宮室。 又左右常從有罪過者，當以表聞，公付有司，而擅私殺，事不明白。 大司馬呂岱親受先帝詔勑，輔導大王，旣不承用其言，令懷憂怖。 華錡先帝近臣，忠良正直，其所陳道，當納用之，而聞怒錡，有收縛之語。 又中書楊融，親受詔勑，所當恭肅，云『正自不聽禁，當如我何』？ 聞此之日，大小驚怪，莫不寒心。 里語曰：『明鏡所以照形，古事所以知今。』 大王宜深以魯王爲戒，改易其行，戰戰兢兢，盡敬朝廷，如此則無求不得。 若棄忘先帝法教，懷輕慢之心，臣下寧負大王，不敢負先帝遺詔，寧爲大王所怨疾，豈敢忘尊主之威，而令詔勑不行於藩臣邪？ 此古今正義，大王所照知也。 夫福來有由，禍來有漸，漸生不憂，將不可悔。 向使魯王早納忠直之言，懷驚懼之慮，享祚無窮，豈有滅亡之禍哉？ 夫良藥苦口，惟疾者能甘之。 忠言逆耳，惟達者能受之。 今者恪等慺慺欲爲大王除危殆於萌芽，廣福慶之基原，是以不自知言至，願蒙三思。」
Sun Fen, styled Ziyang, was Sun Ba's younger brother; his mother was Lady Zhongji. In 252 he was made Prince of Qi with his seat at Wuchang. After Sun Quan's death, Grand Tutor Zhuge Ke, unwilling to leave princes on the Yangzi garrison line, transferred Sun Fen to Yuzhang. Sun Fen refused the order in fury and repeatedly broke the regulations. Zhuge Ke sent him a written remonstrance: "The Son of Heaven shares rank with Heaven; the empire is his household, and every subject is his servant. Even an enemy's merit must be rewarded; even a kinsman's crime must be punished—that is how sages align with Heaven, put the state before private feeling, and set norms for all ages. Early Han princes grew too strong, nearly toppled the dynasty, and turned on one another; later emperors took warning and kept royal power on a short leash. Since Guangwu, princes were confined to their palaces, barred from governing commoners or state affairs, and their contacts were strictly limited—so they lived out their lives in safety. That is the lesson of history. Yuan Shao and Liu Biao held broad lands and large armies, yet because they blurred the line between heir and younger son they lost their houses. Wise and simple alike still mourn that lesson. The late emperor read history, foresaw trouble, and cut princely power at the root for generations to come. On his deathbed he sent every prince to his fief with stern edicts and tight rules—wanting to secure the temples above and the royal kin below for ages to come. You should look upward to Taibo's yielding spirit, inward to the restraint of Han's virtuous princes, and downward to the warning of pride and license. Yet since you reached Wuchang you have defied orders, ignored statute, and called up troops on your own authority to fortify your residence. When attendants broke the law you should have reported them to the proper offices; instead you executed them privately without due process. Grand Marshal Lü Dai bears the late emperor's mandate to guide you; your refusal to heed him has left him in fear for his life. Hua Qi was a trusted upright minister of the late sovereign; you should heed him—yet you are said to have threatened him with arrest. Yang Rong of the Secretariat received the same charge to keep you in line, yet he is said to have sneered, "If I ignore the rules, what can anyone do about it?" When these words spread, every rank in the capital shuddered. The proverb runs, "The bright mirror reflects the face; old stories illumine the present." Take the Prince of Lu as your mirror: mend your ways, walk in fear, and show perfect deference to the court, and you may yet obtain all you seek. If you spurn the late emperor's teaching and grow arrogant, we would rather offend you than betray his final charge; we would rather earn your hatred than let your defiance of the throne go unchecked! That is the justice every age acknowledges, and you know it as well as we do. Blessing and disaster do not strike overnight; ignore the first steps and there will be no mending them later. Had the Prince of Lu heeded loyal counsel and lived in fear, he might still enjoy his fief—would he have perished as he did? Good medicine tastes bitter—only the patient welcomes it. Loyal words grate—only the wise accept them. We urge you in fear and loyalty to root out danger while it is still a sprout and widen the base of your fortune; we have spoken bluntly—please weigh our words three times."
15
奮得牋懼，遂移南昌，游獵彌甚，官屬不堪命。 及恪誅，奮下住蕪湖，欲至建業觀變。 傅相謝慈等諫奮，奮殺之。 〈慈字孝宗，彭城人，見《禮論》，撰《喪服圖及變除》行於世。〉 坐廢爲庶人，徙章安縣。 太平三年，封爲章安侯。 〈《江表傳》載亮詔曰：「齊王奮前坐殺吏，廢爲庶人，連有赦令，獨不見原，縱未宜復王，何以不侯？ 又諸孫兄弟作將，列在江渚，孤有兄獨爾云何？」 有司奏可，就拜爲侯。〉
Sun Fen took fright, moved to Nanchang, and hunted so relentlessly that his staff could not endure his demands. After Zhuge Ke's execution Sun Fen encamped at Wuhu, intending to march on Jianye and watch how events unfolded. His tutors Xie Ci and others tried to dissuade him; he put them to death. 〈Xie Ci, styled Xiaozong, came from Pengcheng; he wrote on ritual and compiled a work on mourning dress that circulated widely.〉 He was reduced to commoner status and banished to Zhang'an county. In 258 he was restored as marquis of Zhang'an. 〈Sun Liang's edict in the Jiangbiao zhuan reads: "Sun Fen killed officials and was stripped of rank; though amnesties have passed him by, he should at least be a marquis again if not a prince. My royal cousins command troops along the river—why should my elder brother alone lack a noble title?" The ministry approved, and he was invested as marquis.〉
16
建衡二年，孫皓左夫人王氏卒。 皓哀念過甚，朝夕哭臨，數月不出，由是民間或謂皓死，訛言奮與上虞侯奉當有立者。 奮母仲姬墓在豫章，豫章太守張俊疑其或然，掃除墳塋。 皓聞之，車裂俊，夷三族，誅奮及其五子，國除。 〈《江表傳》曰：豫章吏十人乞代俊死，皓不聽。 奮以此見疑，本在章安，徙還吳城禁錮，使男女不得通婚，或年三十四十不得嫁娶。 奮上表乞自比禽獸，使男女自相配偶。 皓大怒，遣察戰齎藥賜奮，奮不受藥，叩頭千下，曰：「老臣自將兒子治生求治，無豫國事，乞丐餘年。」 皓不聽，父子皆飲藥死。 臣松之案：建衡二年至奮之死，孫皓即位，尚猶未乆。 若奮未被疑之前，兒女年二十左右，至奮死時，不得年三十四十也。 若先已長大，自失時未婚娶，則不由皓之禁錮矣。 此雖欲增皓之惡，然非實理。〉
In 270 Sun Hao's senior consort Lady Wang died. Sun Hao mourned so wildly that for months he never left the palace; rumor spread that he was dead and that Sun Fen or Sun Feng might seize the throne. Sun Fen's mother was buried in Yuzhang; Administrator Zhang Jun, thinking the rumor might be true, cleaned her tomb as though Sun Fen were already sovereign. Sun Hao had Zhang Jun torn apart by carts, wiped out three generations of his kin, executed Sun Fen and his five sons, and abolished the marquisate. 〈Ten Yuzhang clerks offered to die in Zhang Jun's stead; Sun Hao refused. ) Sun Fen fell under suspicion. Though he had lived at Zhang'an, he was confined in Wucheng city; men and women of his household were forbidden to marry, and some reached thirty or forty unwed. Sun Fen begged leave to be treated like beasts—at least allowed to breed among themselves. Sun Hao sent an officer with poison. Sun Fen refused it, kowtowed a thousand times, and cried that he only wished to live out his days in private obscurity with his sons." Sun Hao was unmoved; father and sons were forced to drink the poison and died. Pei Songzhi notes: from 270 to Sun Fen's death Sun Hao had not reigned long. If his children were about twenty when he first fell under suspicion, they could not all have been thirty or forty when he died. Any who were already of age and still unmarried before the confinement cannot be blamed on Sun Hao's policy alone. ( The tale piles Sun Hao's cruelty higher than the facts allow.〉
17
【評】
Appraisal
18
評曰：孫登居心所存，足爲茂美之德。 慮、和並有好善之姿，規自砥礪，或短命早終，或不得其死，哀哉！ 霸以庶干適，奮不遵軌度，固取危亡之道也。 然奮之誅夷，橫遇飛禍矣。
The appraiser says: Sun Deng's inner life was the stuff of true nobility. Sun Lü and Sun He both loved the good and strove to better themselves—one died young, the other was destroyed; how pitiful! Sun Ba, a younger son, muscled against the heir; Sun Fen scorned the rules—each courted ruin by a clear road. Yet Sun Fen's slaughter was sheer mischance, a bolt from the blue.