1
賀齊字公苗，會稽山陰人也。 〈《虞预晋书》曰：贺氏本姓庆氏。 齐伯父纯，儒学有重名，汉安帝时为侍中、江夏太守，去官，与江夏黄琼、 （汉中） 〔广汉〕杨厚俱公车徵。 避安帝父孝德皇 （帝） 讳，改为贺氏。 齐父辅，永宁长。〉 少為郡吏，守剡長。 縣吏斯從輕俠為奸，齊欲治之。 主簿諫曰：“從，縣大族，山越所附，今日治之，明日寇至。” 齊聞大怒，便立斬眾。 從族黨遂相糾合，眾千餘人，舉兵攻縣。 齊率吏民，開城門突擊，大破之，威震山越。 後太末、豐浦民反，轉守太末長，誅惡養善，期用盡平。 建安元年，孫策臨郡，察齊孝廉。 時王朗奔東冶，侯官長商升為朗起兵。 策遣永寧長韓晏領南部都尉，將兵討升，以齊為永寧長。 晏為升所敗，齊又代晏領都尉事。 升畏齊威名，遣使乞盟。 齊因告喻，為陳禍福，升遂送上印綬，出捨求降。 賊帥張雅、詹強等不願升降，反共殺升，雅稱無上將軍，強稱會稽太守。 賊盛兵少，未足以討，齊住軍息兵。 雅與女婿何雄爭勢兩乖，齊令越人因事交構。 遂至疑隙，阻兵相圖。 齊乃進討，一戰大破雅，強黨震懼，率眾出降。
He Qi, styled Gongmiao, came from Shanyin in Kuaiji commandery. 〈Yu Yu's Jin shu notes that the He family was originally surnamed Qing. His uncle He Chun was a renowned Confucian who under Emperor An of Han had served as palace attendant and prefect of Jiangxia; after leaving office he was associated with Huang Qiong of Jiangxia, (Hanzhong) and Yang Hou of Guanghan—all were summoned to court by imperial carriage. To avoid the personal name of Emperor An's father, posthumously titled the Filial Virtue Emperor, (emperor) the clan changed its surname to He. He Qi's father, He Fu, had been magistrate of Yongning.〉 While still young he became a commandery clerk and acting magistrate of Shan county. A county clerk named Si Cong swaggered like a knight-errant and broke the law; He Qi meant to bring him to justice. The chief clerk warned him: "The Si are a powerful county clan, and the hill Yue rally to them—move against Si Cong today and you may face a raid tomorrow." He Qi flew into a rage and had Si Cong beheaded on the spot before the crowd. Si Cong's kinsmen and followers then mustered over a thousand men, took up arms, and stormed the county seat. He Qi led clerks and townsfolk, threw open the gates, and sallied forth in a shock attack that routed them—his name struck fear into the hill Yue. When Tai and Fengpu rose in revolt, he was transferred to Tai as magistrate; he executed ringleaders, protected the innocent, and within his term had the region quiet again. In 196, when Sun Ce inspected the commandery, he nominated He Qi as xiaolian—filially pious and incorrupt. Wang Lang had fled to Dongye, and Shang Sheng, magistrate of Houguan, raised troops in his support. Sun Ce sent Han Yan of Yongning to lead the southern commandant's force against Shang Sheng and named He Qi magistrate of Yongning. Han Yan lost to Shang Sheng; He Qi then took his place in command of the southern commandant. Shang Sheng, cowed by He Qi's reputation, sent envoys suing for peace. He Qi issued a clear proclamation on the stakes; Shang Sheng surrendered his seals, left his fort, and submitted. Bandit chiefs Zhang Ya and Zhan Qiang refused to follow Shang Sheng and killed him; Zhang Ya styled himself supreme general and Zhan Qiang declared himself prefect of Kuaiji. The rebels outnumbered him, so He Qi held his troops in check rather than risk a premature attack. Zhang Ya and his son-in-law He Xiong quarreled over precedence; He Qi had local Yue people play on the rift and widen it. Suspicion hardened until the two factions faced each other under arms. He Qi then struck, shattered Zhang Ya in a single battle, and Zhan Qiang's followers, terrified, came out en masse to surrender.
2
侯官既平。 而建安、漢興、南平復亂，齊進兵建安，立都尉府，是歲八年也。 郡發屬縣五千兵，各使本縣長將之，皆受齊節度。 賊洪明、洪進、苑御、吳免、華當等五人，率各萬戶，連屯漢興，吳五六千戶別屯大潭。 鄒臨六千戶別屯蓋竹，大潭同出餘汗。 〈音干。〉 軍討漢興，經餘汗。 齊以為賊眾兵少，深入無繼，恐為所斷，令松陽長丁蕃留備余汗。 蕃本與齊鄰城，恥見部伍，辭不肯留。 齊乃斬蕃，於是軍中震慄。 無不用命。 遂分兵留備，進討明等，連大破之。 臨陳斬明，其免、當、進、御皆降。 轉擊蓋竹，軍向大潭，三將又降。 凡討治斬首六千級，名帥盡擒。 復立縣邑，料出兵萬人，拜為平東校尉。 十年，轉討上饒，分以為建平縣。
Houguan was now secure. But Jian'an, Hanxing, and Nanping rose again; He Qi marched on Jian'an, set up a command post there—it was the eighth year of the Jian'an era (203). The commandery drafted five thousand men from its counties, each led by its own magistrate, all under He Qi's command. Rebel leaders Hong Ming, Hong Jin, Yuan Yu, Wu Mian, and Hua Dang—five chiefs—each commanded some ten thousand households in linked camps at Hanxing, while Wu led five or six thousand households in a separate camp at Great Pool. Zou Lin's six thousand households held Gaizhu; the Great Pool contingent and the others debouched from Yukan. 〈The gloss marks the place name Yukan with kan read like the word gan, "stem."〉 The expedition route to Hanxing ran through Yukan. He Qi saw that the enemy outnumbered him and that a deep penetration without reserves risked encirclement; he ordered Ding Fan, magistrate of Songyang, to hold Yukan as a rear guard. Ding Fan had been a peer magistrate alongside He Qi and resented serving under him; he refused the assignment. He Qi had Ding Fan executed for insubordination, and the whole army took warning. From then on no one dared disobey. He left detachments on guard and pressed the attack on Hong Ming and his allies, crushing them in successive battles. Hong Ming died in the fighting; Wu Mian, Hua Dang, Hong Jin, and Yuan Yu surrendered. He turned on Gaizhu, then advanced on Great Pool, where three more rebel chiefs yielded. The campaigns yielded six thousand heads and every major leader was taken alive. He restored local administration, enrolled ten thousand men for service, and was promoted to Colonel Who Pacifies the East. In 205 he campaigned against Shangrao and carved out territory for a new Jianping county.
3
十三年，遷威武中郎將，討丹陽黟、歙。 時武強、葉鄉、東陽、豐浦四鄉先降，齊表言以葉鄉為始新縣。 而歙賊帥金奇萬戶屯安勒山，毛甘萬戶屯烏聊山，黟帥陳僕，祖山等二萬戶屯林歷山。 林歷山四面壁立，高數十丈，逕路危狹，不容刀楯，賊臨高下石，不可得攻。 軍住經日，將吏患之。 齊身出周行，觀視形便，陰募輕捷士，為作鐵弋，密於隱險賊所不備處，以戈拓斬山為緣道，夜令潛上，乃多縣布以援下人，得上百數人，四面流布，俱鳴鼓角，齊勒兵待之。 賊夜聞鼓聲四合，謂大軍悉已得上，驚懼惑亂，不知所為，守路備險者，皆走還依眾。 大軍因是得上，大破僕等，其餘皆降，凡斬首七千。 〈《抱朴子》曰：昔吴遣贺将军讨山贼，贼中有善禁者，每当交战，官军刀剑不得拔，弓弩射矢皆还自向，辄致不利。 贺将军长情有思，乃曰：“吾闻金有刃者可禁，虫有毒者可禁，其无刃之物，无毒之虫，则不可禁。 彼必是能禁吾兵者也，必不能禁无刃物矣。” 乃多作劲木白棓，选有力精卒五千人为先登，尽捉棓。 彼山贼恃其有善禁者，了不严备。 於是官军以白棓击之，彼禁者果不复行，所击杀者万计。〉 齊復表分歙為新定； 黎陽、休陽。 並黟、歙凡六縣。 權遂割為新都郡，齊為太守，立府於始新，加偏將軍。
In 208 he was raised to General of Majestic Might in the Guards and sent against the Yi and She districts of Danyang. The four townships of Wuqiang, Ye, Dongyang, and Feng had already submitted; He Qi memorialized to elevate Ye township as Shixin county. Meanwhile the She leader Jin Qi camped ten thousand households on Mount Anle, Mao Gan another ten thousand on Mount Wuliao, and the Yi leaders Chen Pu and Zu Shan some twenty thousand on Mount Linli. Mount Linli rose like a sheer wall scores of feet high, with trails too narrow for shield or sword; the defenders rolled down boulders and seemed untakable. The siege stalled for days while officers fretted. He Qi reconnoitered in person, picked agile climbers, forged iron hooks, and in a steep spot the enemy had left unwatched had them hack footholds and mount by ropes at night; cloth lines hauled up more than a hundred men, who then fanned out along the crest beating drums and blaring horns while He Qi waited below with the main body. Hearing drums from every direction in the dark, the defenders assumed the whole army had gained the heights; panic spread, and pickets on the trails abandoned their posts to crowd the summit. The main force then stormed the heights, shattered Chen Pu's band, and accepted the surrender of the rest—seven thousand heads in all. 〈The Baopuzi tells how Wu once sent General He against mountain bandits who knew "binding" magic: in battle government blades would not leave their scabbards and crossbow bolts would wheel about and strike the shooters—so the army kept losing. General He reflected and said, I am told edged metal can be bound and venomous creatures can be bound—but not edgeless things or stingless vermin. Their sorcery can stop our blades—it cannot stop a club without an edge. He had thousands of heavy wooden clubs cut and picked five thousand stout shock troops, each man armed with a club alone. The bandits trusted their magician and kept slack guard. When government troops fell on them with the clubs, the spells failed and the dead were counted in the tens of thousands.〉 He Qi memorialized again to split off from She the new counties of Xinding, Liyang, and Xiuyang counties. That made six counties in all, together with Yi and She. Sun Quan thereupon formed Xindu commandery, made He Qi its grand administrator with his seat at Shixin, and added him the title of deputy general.
4
十六年，吳郡餘杭民郎稚合宗起賊，復數千人，齊出討之。 即復破稚，表言分餘杭為臨水縣。 被命詣所在，及當還郡，權出祖道，作樂舞象。 〈吴书曰：权谓齐曰：“今定天下，都中国，使殊俗贡珍，狡兽卒舞，非君谁与？” 齐曰：“殿下以神武应期，廓开王业，臣幸遭际会，得驱驰风尘之下，佐助末行，效鹰犬之用，臣之原也。 若殊俗贡珍，狡兽率舞，宜在圣德，非臣所能。”〉 賜齊軿車駿馬，罷坐住駕，使齊就車。 齊辭不敢，權使左右扶齊上車，令導吏卒兵騎，如在郡儀。 權望之笑曰："人當努力，非積行累勤，此不可得。 "去百餘步乃旋。
In 211 Lang Zhi of Yuhang in Wu commandery rallied his lineage in revolt—several thousand strong—and He Qi marched against him. He quickly broke Lang Zhi and memorialized to carve Yuhang into a new Linshui county. When orders sent him to his post and he was due to return to the commandery, Sun Quan saw him off with music and an elephant dance. 〈The Wu shu records Sun Quan saying to He Qi, "When the realm is settled and the capital fixed in the Central Plain, when distant peoples bring tribute and strange beasts dance in the court—who will stand at my side if not you?" He Qi replied, Your Highness answers the age in godlike martial prowess and widens the royal work; I have only been lucky to ride in your dust, doing the least tasks like hawk or hound—that is all I could wish. As for tribute from afar and beasts capering in the hall—that will be the work of sage virtue, not anything your servant could claim. He bestowed on He Qi a light carriage and fine horses, dismissed the usual riding equipage, and had him ride alone. He Qi demurred; Sun Quan had attendants lift him into the carriage and ordered escort, clerks, and cavalry to array themselves as for a grand administrator's progress. Sun Quan watched him with a smile and called, "A man must strive—without long habit of duty and toil, such honor never comes." Only after another hundred paces did he turn back.
5
十八年，豫章東部民彭材、李玉、王海等起為賊亂，眾萬餘人。 齊討平之，誅其首惡，餘皆降服。 揀其精健為兵，次為縣戶。 遷奮武將軍。
In 213 Peng Cai, Li Yu, and Wang Hai raised a rebellion of over ten thousand men in eastern Yuzhang. He Qi crushed the rising, executed the ringleaders, and received the submission of the rest. The ablest he drafted into the army; the next grade he registered as county households. He was promoted to General Who Displays Martial Might.
6
二十年，從權征合肥。 時城中出戰，徐盛被創失矛，齊引兵拒擊，得盛所失。 〈江表传曰：权征合肥还，为张辽所掩袭於津北，几至危殆。 齐时率三千兵在津南迎权。 权既入大船，会诸将饮宴，齐下席涕泣而言曰：“至尊人主，常当持重。 今日之事，几至祸败，群下震怖，若无天地，原以此为终身诫。” 权自前收其泪曰：“大惭！ 谨以克心，非但书诸绅也。”〉
In 215 he accompanied Sun Quan on the Hefei campaign. When the garrison sallied out, Xu Sheng was wounded and dropped his spear; He Qi countercharged and recovered it. 〈The Jiangbiao zhuan relates that on the return from Hefei Zhang Liao ambushed Sun Quan north of the crossing and nearly destroyed him. He Qi had three thousand men waiting south of the ford to cover Sun Quan's withdrawal. After Sun Quan boarded the flagship he feasted his generals; He Qi left his place weeping and said, The sovereign of men must always keep his dignity. What happened today nearly ended in disaster; every man aboard was terrified as if heaven and earth had failed—I beg you to take this as a warning for the rest of your life. Sun Quan stepped forward, wiped his tears, and said, I am deeply ashamed! I will fix this in my heart—not merely tie a knot on my sash.
7
二十一年，鄱陽民尤突受曹公印綬，化民為賊，陵陽、始安、涇縣皆與突相應。 齊與陸遜討破突，斬首數千，餘黨震服，丹楊三縣皆降，料得精兵八千人。 拜安東將軍，封山陰侯，出鎮江上，督扶州以上至皖。
In 216 You Tu of Poyang took seals from Cao Cao and stirred the people to revolt; Lingyang, Shi'an, and Jing all rose with him. He Qi and Lu Xun broke You Tu, took several thousand heads, and overawed the rest; three Danyang counties submitted, yielding eight thousand picked troops for the rolls. He was named General Who Secures the East, enfeoffed as marquis of Shanyin, and sent to hold the Yangzi line from Fuzhou upstream to Wan.
8
黃武初，魏使曹休來伐。 齊以道遠後至，因住新市為拒。 會洞口諸軍遭風流溺，所亡中分，將士失色，賴齊未濟，偏軍獨全，諸將倚以為勢。
When the Huangwu era opened, Wei dispatched Cao Xiu against Wu. He Qi arrived late on the long march and therefore took position at Xinshi to block the enemy. When wind and current wrecked half the fleet at Dongkou, morale collapsed; only He Qi's column, still uncrossed, remained intact, and the other generals drew strength from it.
9
齊性奢綺，尤好軍事，兵甲器械極為精好，所乘船雕刻丹鏤，青蓋絳襜，干櫓戈矛，葩爪文畫，弓弩矢箭，咸取上材，蒙衝鬥艦之屬，望之若山。 休等憚之，遂引軍還。 遷後將軍，假節領徐州牧。
He Qi loved splendor and took special pride in his gear: arms and armor of the finest work, ships lacquered red and gold with green canopies and crimson curtains, carved rails, painted spears, and bows of choice wood—his war junks loomed on the water like hills. Cao Xiu and his commanders took fright and withdrew. He was raised to General of the Rear, given the imperial baton, and made acting governor of Xu province.
10
初，晉宗為戲口將，以眾叛如魏，還為蘄春太守，圖襲安樂，取其保質。 權以為恥忿，因軍初罷，六月盛夏、出其不意，詔齊督麋芳、鮮于丹等襲蘄春，遂生虜宗。 後四年卒，子達及弟景皆有令名，為佳將。 〈会稽典录曰：景为灭贼校尉，御众严而有恩，兵器精饰，为当时冠绝，早卒。 达颇任气，多所犯迕，故虽有征战之劳，而爵位不至，然轻财贵义，胆烈过人。 子质，位至虎牙将军。 景子邵，别有传。〉
Jin Zong had commanded at Xikou, defected to Wei with his troops, become prefect of Qichun, and schemed to strike Anle and seize hostages. Sun Quan burned with shame; while the army was barely rested, in the sixth month of high summer he sprang a surprise order on He Qi to lead Mi Fang, Xianyu Dan, and others in a swoop on Qichun that took Jin Zong alive. He died four years later; his sons He Da and He Jing both won renown as fine commanders. 〈The Kuaiji dianlu says He Jing served as Colonel Who Exterminates Bandits, ran a stern but fair camp, and outfitted his men with the finest arms of the day; he died young. He Da was headstrong and often gave offense, so despite battlefield merit he never rose high in rank; yet he scorned riches and prized honor, with a courage beyond the common run. His son He Zhi reached the post of Tigergap General. He Jing's son He Shao has his own biography elsewhere.〉
11
全琮字子璜，吳郡錢唐人也。 父柔，漢靈帝時舉孝廉。 補尚書郎右丞，董卓之亂，棄官歸。 州辟別駕從事，詔書就拜會稽東部都尉。 孫策到吳，柔舉兵先附，策表柔為丹楊都尉。 孫權為車騎將軍，以柔為長史，徙桂陽太守。 柔嘗使琮齎米數千斛到吳，有所市易。 琮至，皆散用，空船而還。 柔大怒，琮頓首曰：“愚以所市非急，而士大夫方有倒縣之患，故便振贍，不及啟報。” 柔更以奇之。 〈徐众评曰：礼，子事父无私财，又不敢私施，所以避尊上也。 弃命专财而以邀名，未尽父子之礼。 臣松之以为子路问“闻斯行诸？” 子曰“有父兄在”。 琮辄散父财，诚非子道，然士类县命，忧在朝夕，权其轻重，以先人急，斯亦冯暖市义、汲黯振救之类，全谓邀名，或负其心。〉 是時中州士人避亂而南，依琮居者以百數，琮傾家給濟，與共有無，遂顯名遠近。 後權以為奮威校尉，授兵數千人，使討山越。 因開募召，得精兵萬餘人，出屯牛渚，稍遷偏將軍。
Quan Zong, styled Zihuang, came from Qiantang in Wu commandery. His father Quan Rou earned a xiaolian nomination under Emperor Ling of Han. He served as a gentleman of the palace and right aide; when Dong Zhuo threw the capital into chaos he resigned and went home. The province engaged him as chief clerk's recorder; an imperial edict then named him eastern commandant of Kuaiji. When Sun Ce entered Wu, Quan Rou was first to rally and submit; Sun Ce had him appointed commandant of Danyang. When Sun Quan held the rank of General of Chariots and Cavalry, he made Quan Rou his chief clerk, then moved him to prefect of Guilin. Quan Rou once sent his son Quan Zong to Wu with several thousand hu of grain to sell. Quan Zong gave the grain away and sailed home with empty holds. Quan Rou raged; Quan Zong kowtowed and explained that the grain was not needed at once while refugees were starving—he had fed them first and failed to ask permission. Quan Rou came to admire him for it. 〈Xu Zhong observes that ritual forbids a son private wealth or largesse toward others—lest he slight his father's authority. To spend a father's grain chasing reputation falls short of true filial duty. Pei Songzhi recalls Zilu's question, "When I hear a command, should I carry it out at once?" The Master answered, "Father and elder brothers still live—consult them first." Quan Zong had indeed overstepped a son's role—yet when scholars faced mortal need, to weigh the crisis and feed them first belongs with Feng Xuan's "buying righteousness" or Ji An's emergency relief; to dismiss it as mere fame-seeking may misread his heart.〉 Central-plain refugees then flocked south by the hundreds; Quan Zong emptied his storehouses to feed them and shared whatever he had, and his name spread far and wide. Sun Quan later named him Colonel Who Rouses Might, gave him a few thousand men, and sent him against the hill Yue. He opened recruiting, raised over ten thousand veterans, encamped at Niuzhu, and rose step by step to deputy general.
12
建安二十四年，劉備將關羽圍樊、襄陽，琮上疏陳羽可討之計，權時已與呂蒙陰議襲之，恐事洩，故寢琮表不答。 及禽羽，權置酒公安。 顧謂琮曰：“君前陳此，孤雖不相答，今日之捷，抑亦君之功也。” 於是封陽華亭侯。
In 219 Guan Yu besieged Fan and Xiangyang; Quan Zong memorialized on how to crush him. Sun Quan was already plotting with Lü Meng in secret and feared discovery, so he filed the memorial away without reply. After Guan Yu was taken, Sun Quan held a victory banquet at Gong'an. He turned to Quan Zong and said, "You urged this campaign though I gave no answer—today's triumph owes something to you." He thereupon enfeoffed Quan Zong as village marquis of Yanghua.
13
黃武元年，魏以舟軍大出洞口，權使呂範督諸將拒之，軍營相望。 敵數以輕船抄擊，琮常帶甲仗兵，伺候不休。 頃之，敵數千人出江中，琮擊破之，梟其將軍尹盧。 遷琮綏南將軍，進封錢唐侯。 四年，假節領九江太守。 七年，權到皖，使琮與輔國將軍陸遜擊曹休，破之於石亭。 是時丹楊、吳、會山民復為寇賊，攻沒屬縣，權分三郡險地為東安郡，琮領太守。 〈吴录曰：琮时治富春。〉 至，明賞罰。 招誘降附，數年中，得萬餘人。 權召琮還牛渚，罷東安郡。 〈江表传曰：琮还，经过钱唐，脩祭坟墓，麾幢节盖，曜於旧里，请会邑人平生知旧、宗族六亲，施散惠与，千有馀万，本土以为荣。〉 黃龍元年，遷衛將軍、左護軍、徐州牧， 〈吴书曰：初，琮为将甚勇决，当敌临难，奋不顾身。 及作督帅，养威持重，每御军，常任计策，不营小利。 江表传曰：权使子登出征，已出军，次于安乐，群臣莫敢谏。 琮密表曰：“古来太子未尝偏征也，故从曰抚军，守曰监国。 今太子东出，非古制也，臣窃忧疑。” 权即从之，命登旋军，议者咸以为琮有大臣之节也。〉 尚公主。
In 222 Wei launched a major naval thrust at Dongkou; Sun Quan put Lü Fan in command of the defense, and the two fleets lay opposite each other. Wei repeatedly sent light craft to raid; Quan Zong stayed armored and under arms, watching without pause. Soon thousands of Wei boats entered midstream; Quan Zong smashed them and beheaded their general Yin Lu. He was raised to General Who Pacifies the South and promoted to marquis of Qiantang. In the fourth year of Huangwu he received the baton and became concurrent prefect of Jiujiang. In 228 Sun Quan advanced to Wan and sent Quan Zong with Lu Xun against Cao Xiu; they routed him at Shiting. Hill folk of Danyang, Wu, and Kuaiji rose again, seizing county seats; Sun Quan carved out the rugged parts of three commanderies as Dong'an and named Quan Zong its prefect. 〈The Wu lu notes that Quan Zong governed from Fuchun.〉 On arrival he enforced rewards and penalties with clarity. He offered terms to defectors and within a few years enrolled over ten thousand followers. Sun Quan recalled Quan Zong to Niuzhu and dissolved Dong'an commandery. 〈The Jiangbiao zhuan says that on his way back Quan Zong stopped at Qiantang, tended ancestral graves in full panoply of office, and feasted old friends and kin, scattering over ten million in gifts—the county counted it an honor.〉 In 229 he became Guard General, left Protector of the Army, and governor of Xu province, 〈The Wu shu says Quan Zong began as a fierce front-line fighter who threw himself into danger without hesitation. As a high commander he grew deliberate, nursed his authority, and fought by calculation rather than chasing petty advantage. The Jiangbiao zhuan adds that when Sun Quan sent Crown Prince Deng on expedition the host had already reached Anle and no minister dared object. Quan Zong secretly wrote, No crown prince in history has campaigned alone—that is why aides are called pacifiers of the army and overseers of the state. To send the heir east breaks precedent; I cannot help but worry. Sun Quan accepted at once, recalled the heir's army, and observers praised Quan Zong's ministerly backbone. He married an imperial princess.
14
嘉禾二年，督步騎五萬征六安，六安民皆散走，諸將欲分兵捕之。 琮曰：“夫乘危僥倖，舉不百全者，非國家大體也。 今分兵捕民，得失相半，豈可謂全哉?縱有所獲，猶不足以弱敵而副國望也。 如或邂逅，虧損非小，與其獲罪，琮寧以身受之。 不敢徼功以負國也。”
In 233 he led fifty thousand horse and foot against Lu'an; the populace fled, and his generals wanted to scatter in pursuit. Quan Zong said, Risking the army on a gamble when nothing is certain is not how a state should behave. Splitting up to round up civilians would yield mixed results at best—hardly a sure thing. Even captures would not weaken Wei enough to match what the court expects. A reverse could cost dearly; rather than invite censure on you all, I will bear the blame myself. I will not chase glory at the state's expense.
15
赤烏九年，遷右大司馬、左軍師。 為人恭順，善於承顏納規，言辭未嘗切迕。 初，權將圍珠崖及夷州，皆先問琮。 琮曰：“以聖朝之威，何向而不克?然殊方異域，隔絕障海，水土氣毒，自古有之，兵入民出，必生疾病，轉相污染，往者懼不能反，所獲何可多致？ 猥虧江岸之兵，以冀萬一之利，愚臣猶所不安。” 權不聽。 軍行經歲，士眾疾疫死者十有八九，權深悔之。 後言次及之，琮對曰："當是時，群臣有不諫者，臣以為不忠。"
In 246 he became Right Grand Marshal and Left Army Mentor. He was humble and tactful, quick to read Sun Quan's mood and take correction; his speech never cut across the sovereign. When Sun Quan first planned expeditions to Zhuya and Yizhou, he always consulted Quan Zong first. Quan Zong answered, Your majesty could conquer anywhere—yet those islands beyond the sea breed foul vapors as always; troops land, people scatter, plague follows, and past fleets seldom return. What profit repays the risk? To bleed the Yangzi garrisons for a remote gamble unsettles even a dull minister like me. Sun Quan would not listen. The expedition lasted a year; nine tenths of the men died of disease, and Sun Quan bitterly regretted it. Later, when the topic arose, Quan Zong said flatly, "Any minister who had not remonstrated then I would have judged disloyal."
16
琮既親重，宗族子弟並蒙寵貴，賜累千金，然猶謙虛接士，貌無驕色。 十二年卒，子懌嗣。 後襲業領兵，救諸葛誕於壽春，出城先降，魏以為平東將軍，封臨湘侯。 懌兄子禕、儀、靜等亦降魏，皆歷郡守列侯。 〈吴书曰：琮长子绪，幼知名，奉朝请，出授兵，稍迁扬武将军、牛渚督。 孙亮即位，迁镇北将军。 东关之役，绪与丁奉建议引兵先出，以破魏军，封一子亭侯，年四十四卒。 次子寄，坐阿党鲁王霸赐死。 小子吴，孙权外孙，封都乡侯。〉
As favorite minister his whole clan rose in rank and fortune beyond measure, yet he remained courteous to scholars and never wore pride on his face. He died in 249; his son Quan Yi inherited the title. Quan Yi later commanded troops to relieve Zhuge Dan at Shoucun, was first out of the city to defect, and Wei named him General Who Pacifies the East, marquis of Linxiang. Nephews of Quan Yi (sons of his elder brother)—Quan Wei, Quan Yi, Quan Jing, and others—also went over to Wei and became prefects or village marquises. 〈The Wu shu records Quan Zong's eldest son Quan Xu as famous young, a court attendant who took command and rose to General Who Displays Martial Might and Niuzhu garrison commander. Under Sun Liang he became General Who Guards the North. At Dongguan he and Ding Feng urged a preemptive strike that broke the Wei force; one son was enfeoffed village marquis; he died at forty-four. The second son, Quan Ji, died by imperial order for abetting Prince Sun Ba of Lu. The youngest, Quan Wu, Sun Quan's grandson by a daughter, was enfeoffed village marquis of the metropolitan district.〉
17
呂岱字定公，廣陵海陵人也，為郡縣吏，避亂南渡。 孫權統事，岱詣幕府，出守吳丞。 權親斷諸縣倉庫及囚系，長丞皆見，岱處法應問，甚稱權意，召署錄事，出補余姚長，召募精健，得千餘人。 會稽東冶五縣賊呂合、秦狼等為亂，權以岱為督軍校尉，與將軍蔣欽等將兵討之，遂擒合、狼，五縣平定，拜昭信中郎將。 〈吴书曰：建安十六年，岱督郎将尹异等，以兵二千人西诱汉中贼帅张鲁到汉兴寋城，鲁嫌疑断道，事计不立，权遂召岱还。〉
Lü Dai, styled Dinggong, came from Hailing in Guangling; he had been a local clerk before fleeing south from the wars. When Sun Quan began to rule, Lü Dai presented himself at headquarters and became assistant magistrate of Wu. Sun Quan personally inspected county granaries and jails; Lü Dai's legal rulings won praise, so he was made recording clerk, then magistrate of Yuyao, where he raised over a thousand picked troops. When Lü He and Qin Lang rebelled across five eastern Kuaiji counties, Sun Quan made Lü Dai an army colonel; with Jiang Qin he crushed the rising, took both chiefs, and promoted Lü Dai to Colonel of Manifest Trust in the Center. 〈The Wu shu notes that in 211 Lü Dai led two thousand men west to lure Zhang Lu of Hanzhong to Hanxing; Zhang Lu grew suspicious and blocked the route, so the ruse failed and Sun Quan recalled him.〉
18
建安二十年，督孫茂等十將從取長沙三郡。 又安成、攸、永新、茶陵四縣吏共入陰山城，合眾拒岱，岱攻圍，即降，三郡克定。 權留岱鎮長沙。 安成長吳碭及中郎將袁龍等首尾關羽，復為反亂。 碭據攸縣，龍在醴陵。 權遣橫江將軍魯肅攻攸，碭得突走。 岱攻醴陵，遂禽斬龍。 遷廬陵太守。
In 215 he directed ten generals under Sun Mao in the seizure of the three Changsha commanderies. Clerks of Ancheng, You, Yongxin, and Chaling holed up in Yincheng mountain; Lü Dai besieged them, they yielded at once, and the three commanderies were secured. Sun Quan left Lü Dai to hold Changsha. Wu Yang of Ancheng and Palace Gentleman Yuan Long coordinated with Guan Yu and rose again. Wu Yang held You county while Yuan Long was at Liling. Sun Quan sent Lu Su against You; Wu Yang broke out and escaped. Lü Dai took Liling, captured Yuan Long, and beheaded him. He was named prefect of Luling.
19
延康元年，代步騭為交州刺史。 到州，高涼賊帥錢博乞降，岱因承製，以博為高涼西部都尉。 又鬱林夷賊攻圍郡縣，岱討破之。 是時桂陽、湞陽賊王金合眾於南海界上，首亂為害，權又詔岱討之，生縛金，傳送詣都，斬首獲生凡萬餘人。 遷安南將軍，假節，封都鄉侯。
In 220 he succeeded Bu Zhi as inspector of Jiao province. On arrival the Gaoliang chief Qian Bo offered submission; Lü Dai, acting under mandate, named him western commandant of Gaoliang. Yilin Yi tribes then besieged county seats; Lü Dai defeated them. Wang Jin of Guilin and Zhenyang then rallied on the Nanhai frontier; Sun Quan again sent Lü Dai, who took Wang Jin alive to the capital with over ten thousand counted kills and captives. He became General Who Secures the South, received the baton, and was enfeoffed village marquis of the metropolitan district.
20
交阯太守士燮卒，權以燮子徽為安遠將軍，領九真太守，以校尉陳時代燮。 岱表分海南三郡為交州，以將軍戴良為刺史，海東四郡為廣州，岱自為刺史。 遣良與時南入，而徽不承命，舉兵戍海口以拒良等。 岱於是上疏請討徽罪，督兵三千人晨夜浮海。 或謂岱曰："徽藉累世之恩，為一州所附，未易輕也。 "岱曰："今徽雖懷逆計，未虞吾之卒至，若我潛軍輕舉，掩其無備，破之必也。 稽留不速，使得生心，嬰城固守，七郡百蠻，雲合響應，雖有智者，誰能圖之?"遂行，過合浦，與良俱進。 徽聞岱至，果大震怖，不知所出，即率兄弟六人肉袒迎岱。 岱皆斬送其首，徽大將甘醴，桓治等率吏民攻岱，岱奮擊大破之，進封番禺侯。 於是除廣州，復為交州如故。 岱既定交州，復進討九真，斬獲以萬數。 又遣從事南宣國化，暨徼外扶南、林邑、堂明諸王，各遣使奉貢。 權嘉其功，進拜鎮南將軍。
When Shi Xie of Jiaozhi died, Sun Quan named his son Shi Hui General Who Pacifies the Distance and prefect of Jiuzhen, with Chen Shi to replace Shi Xie as prefect of Jiaozhi. Lü Dai memorialized to split the southern coast into Jiao province under Dai Liang and the eastern coast into Guang province under himself. Dai Liang and Chen Shi marched south, but Shi Hui defied orders, mobilized, and blocked the estuary against them. Lü Dai then memorialized for punitive authority, took three thousand men, and crossed by sea day and night. Advisers warned him, "Shi Hui rests on generations of local power—the province cleaves to him; do not underestimate the fight." Lü Dai replied, He plots rebellion but does not expect a sudden strike; a swift secret landing will break him. If we tarry and let him fortify while the seven commanderies rally, even a genius could not pry him loose. He sailed on, passed Hepu, and joined Dai Liang. When word came that Lü Dai had landed, Shi Hui panicked, stripped to the waist, and led his six brothers out to surrender. Lü Dai executed them all and sent the heads; Shi Hui's generals Gan Li and Huan Zhi then attacked him, but Lü Dai crushed them and was promoted to marquis of Panyu. Guang province was then abolished and Jiao province restored as one. After pacifying Jiao he campaigned into Jiuzhen, taking tens of thousands of heads and prisoners. He sent aides south to spread imperial virtue; beyond the border Funan, Linyi, and Tangming each sent tribute missions. Sun Quan commended the feat and promoted him to General Who Guards the South.
21
黃龍三年，以南土清定，召岱還屯長沙漚口。 〈王隐《交广记》曰：吴后复置广州，以南阳滕脩为刺史。 或语脩虾须长一丈，脩不信，其人后故至东海，取虾须长四丈四尺，封以示脩，脩乃服之。〉 會武陵蠻夷蠢動，岱與太常潘浚共討定之。 嘉禾三年，權令岱領潘璋士眾，屯陸口，後徙蒲圻。 四年，廬陵賊李桓、路合、會稽東冶賊隨春、南海賊羅厲等一時並起。 權復詔岱督劉纂、唐咨等分部討擊，春即時首降，岱拜春偏將軍，使領其眾，遂為列將，桓、厲等皆見斬獲，傳首詣都。
In 231, with the south quiet, Sun Quan recalled Lü Dai to hold the Ou ford of Changsha. 〈Wang Yin's Jiao Guang ji notes that Wu later restored Guang province under Inspector Teng Xiu of Nanyang. Someone told Teng Xiu that shrimp antennae could grow ten feet; he scoffed until a man brought back a specimen over fourteen feet long in a sealed box—then he believed.〉 When Wuling tribes rose, Lü Dai and Pan Jun jointly suppressed them. In 234 Sun Quan put Lü Dai in command of Pan Zhang's troops at Lukou, later shifted him to Puqi. In 235 rebels struck at once: Li Huan and Lu He in Luling, Suichun in eastern Dongye, and Luo Li in Nanhai. Sun Quan ordered Lü Dai with Liu Zuan and Tang Zi to divide forces. Suichun surrendered at once; Lü Dai made him a deputy general. Li Huan, Luo Li, and the rest were killed or captured, and their heads went to the capital.
22
權詔岱曰：“厲負險作亂，自致梟首； 桓兇狡反覆，已降復叛。 前後討伐，歷年不禽，非君規略，誰能梟之？ 忠武之節，於是益者。 元惡既除，大小震懾，其餘細類，掃地族矣。 自今巳去，國家永無南顧之虞，三郡晏然，無怵惕之驚。 又得惡民以供賦役，重用歎息。 賞不逾月，國之常典，制度所宜，君其裁之。”
Sun Quan wrote to Lü Dai, Luo Li trusted defiles to rebel and lost his head for it; Li Huan was treacherous and twice turned coat after submitting. Year after year you could not catch him—without your strategy, who could have beheaded him? Your loyal courage shines all the brighter for it. The ringleaders are gone, the rest cowed; the small fry are swept away like dust. Henceforth the south should give the court no further anxiety; three commanderies lie quiet, free of panic. You have also given us rebels to work the corvée and fields—We are deeply grateful. Prompt reward is the standing rule—decide the details of honors and pay as statute allows.
23
潘浚卒，岱代浚領荊州文書，與陸遜井在武昌，故督蒲圻。 頃之，廖式作亂。 攻圍城邑，零陵、蒼梧、鬱林諸郡騷擾，岱自表輒行，星夜兼路。 權遣使追拜岱交州牧，及遣諸將唐咨等駱驛相繼，攻討一年破之，斬式及遣諸所偽署臨賀太守費楊等，並其支黨，郡縣悉平，復還武昌。
After Pan Jun died, Lü Dai took his Jing province paperwork portfolio alongside Lu Xun at Wuchang and again oversaw Puqi. Soon Liao Shi rebelled. He besieged cities and threw Lingling, Cangwu, and Yulin into turmoil; Lü Dai asked leave to march at once, traveling night and day. Sun Quan caught up with orders naming Lü Dai governor of Jiao and sent Tang Zi and others in relays. A year of fighting broke the revolt: Liao Shi and Fei Yang, the puppet prefect of Linhe, were killed with their followers, order was restored, and Lü Dai returned to Wuchang.
24
時年已八十，然體素精勤，躬親王事。 奮威將軍張承與岱書曰：
He was eighty yet still ran day-to-day affairs with tireless care. Zhang Cheng, General Who Rouses Might, wrote to Lü Dai:
25
昔旦奭翼同，《二南》作歌，今則足下與陸子也。 忠勤相先，勞謙相讓，功以權成，化與道合，君子歎其德，小人悅其美。 加以文書鞅掌，賓客終日，罷不捨事，勞不言倦。 又知上馬輒自超乘，不由跨躡，如此足下過廉頗也。 何其事事決也。 《周易》有之，禮言恭，德言盛，足下何有盡此美耶！
The Duke of Zhou and Duke of Shi once shared the Zhou ode of the Two Souths—you and Lu Xun stand in that same relation now. You vie in loyalty and modesty, balance power with Lu Xun, and join policy to the Way—gentlemen praise your virtue and commoners love your kindness. Add endless paperwork, guests from dawn to dusk, and you still never shirk a file or complain of fatigue. They say you still vault into the saddle without stirrups—you put even Lian Po to shame. How can you be so decisive in everything you do? The Classic of Changes pairs ritual with reverence and virtue with greatness—yet you seem to embody every excellence at once!
26
及陸遜卒，諸葛恪代遜，權乃分武昌為兩部，岱督右部，自武昌上至蒲圻。 遷上大將軍，拜子凱副軍校尉，監兵蒲圻，孫亮即位，拜大司馬。 岱清身奉公，所在可述。 初在交州，歷年不餉家，妻子饑乏。 權聞之歎息，以讓群臣曰：“呂岱出身萬里，為國勤事，家門內困，而孤不早知。 股肱耳目，其責安在？” 於是加賜錢米布絹，歲有常限。
After Lu Xun died, Zhuge Ke succeeded him; Sun Quan split Wuchang in two, putting Lü Dai in charge of the western sector from Wuchang up to Puqi. He rose to Grand Senior General, son Lü Kai became deputy army colonel at Puqi, and under Sun Liang he was named Grand Marshal. Lü Dai lived for the state; every post left a record worth telling. In Jiao he sent no pay home for years; his wife and children went hungry. Sun Quan sighed and rebuked his ministers: Lü Dai crossed ten thousand li in the state's service while his household starved, and I never knew. Where were you who are my eyes and ears? He then granted Lü Dai a yearly stipend in coin, grain, cloth, and silk.
27
始，岱親近吳郡徐原，慷慨有才志，岱知其可成，賜巾□，與共言論，後遂薦拔，官至侍御史。 原性忠壯，好直言，岱時有得失，原輒諫諍，又公論之，人或以告岱，岱歎曰："是我所以貴德淵者也。 "及原死，岱哭之甚哀。 曰：“德淵，呂岱之益友，今不幸，岱復於何聞過？” 談者美之。 太平元年，年九十六卒，子凱嗣。 遣令殯以素棺，疏巾布□，葬送之制，務從儉約，凱皆奉行之。
Lü Dai befriended Xu Yuan of Wu, a generous man of talent; he gave him cap and sash, talked policy with him, and recommended him until he reached palace censor. Xu Yuan was blunt and loyal: whenever Lü Dai erred he remonstrated in public. When others tattled, Lü Dai said, "That is why I value Deyuan." When Xu Yuan died, Lü Dai mourned him bitterly. He cried, "Deyuan was the friend who corrected my faults—now whom shall I hear them from?" Observers praised his integrity. He died in 256 at ninety-six; his son Lü Kai inherited his rank. He ordered a plain coffin and simple grave clothes and asked for the cheapest funeral rites; Lü Kai obeyed every point.
28
周魴字子魚，吳郡陽羨人也。 少好學，舉孝廉，為寧國長，轉在懷安。 錢唐大帥彭式等蟻聚為寇，以魴為錢唐侯相，旬月之間，斬式首及其支黨，遷丹楊西部都尉。 黃武中。 鄱陽大帥彭綺作亂，攻沒屬城，乃以魴為鄱陽太守，與胡綜戮力攻討，遂生禽綺，送詣武昌，加昭義校尉。 被命密求山中舊族名帥為北敵所聞知者，令譎挑魏大司馬揚州牧曹休。 魴答，恐民帥小丑不足仗任，事或漏洩，不能致休，乞遣親人□箋七條以誘休。
Zhou Fang, styled Ziyu, came from Yangxian in Wu commandery. He loved books from boyhood, earned a xiaolian nomination, served as magistrate of Ningguo, then moved to Huai'an. When Peng Shi of Qiantang rallied bandits, Zhou Fang was named chancellor to the marquis of Qiantang; within a month he had Peng Shi's head and his gang, then rose to western commandant of Danyang. During the Huangwu era (222–229), the Poyang chief Peng Qi rebelled and seized towns. Zhou Fang became prefect of Poyang, joined Hu Zong in the campaign, took Peng Qi alive to Wuchang, and was given the title Colonel of Manifest Righteousness. He was secretly told to find mountain chiefs known to Wei who could bait Grand Marshal Cao Xiu of Yangzhou. Zhou Fang replied that minor headmen might not be trusted and the plot could leak before Cao Xiu bit; he asked to send a kinsman with seven sealed letters to hook Cao Xiu.
29
其一曰："魴以千載饒幸，得備州民，遠隔江川，敬恪未顯，瞻望雲景，天實為之。 精誠微薄，名位不昭，雖懷焦渴，曷緣見明?狐死首丘，人情戀本，而逼所制，奉覿禮違。 每獨矯首西顧，未嘗不寤寐勞歎，展轉反側也。 今因隙穴之際，得陳宿昔之志，非神啟之，豈能致此!不勝翹企，萬里托命。 謹遣親人董岑、邵南等托叛奉箋。 時事變故，列於別紙，惟明公君侯垂日月之光，照遠民之趣，永令歸命者有所戴賴。"
The first letter reads: I am lucky enough to be a man of this commandery, yet the river keeps me from showing my respect; I can only look toward your clouds and trust Heaven's will. I am too obscure for you to notice my zeal; like the fox that dies facing its burrow, I long for home yet cannot cross to serve you. I crane my neck westward and sigh myself awake night after night. Now a crack opens for me to voice an old dream—if not fate, what could bring it? I cast my life on you from a thousand leagues away. I send my kinsmen Dong Cen and Shao Nan under cover of desertion to deliver this memorial. The details are on a separate sheet; I beg your light to fall on a distant people so that we who would submit have something to lean on.
30
其二曰："魴遠在邊隅，江汜分絕； 恩澤教化，未蒙撫及，而於山谷之間，遙陳所懷，懼以大義，未見信納。 夫物有感激，計因變生，古今同揆； 魴仕東典郡，始願已獲，銘心立報，永矣無貳。 豈圖頃者中被橫譴，禍在漏刻，危於投卵，進有離合去就之宜，退有誣罔枉死之咎，雖志行輕微，存沒一節，顧非其所，能不悵然!敢緣古人，因知所歸，拳拳輸情，陳露肝膈。 乞降春天之潤，哀拯其急，不復猜疑，絕其委命。 事之宣洩。 受罪不測，一則傷慈損計，二則杜絕向化者心，惟明使君遠覽前世，矜而愍之，留神所質，速賜秘報。 魴當候望舉動，俟須響應。"
The second says, I am stranded beyond the river; your grace has not yet reached me, yet I pour out my heart from the hills, fearing you will not believe me on mere principle. Feeling moves men and plans follow change—that has always been so; I have served Wu as prefect and won my first wish; I swore to repay you and will never waver. Then sudden blame struck—danger like an egg tossed on stone. To advance or flee, to live or die, I have but one resolve; I lay my heart bare as the ancients did in choosing a lord. I beg your spring rain of mercy to save me—do not doubt me, do not leave me to die untried. If word leaks out, punishment would wound kindness and choke future defectors. I beg you, wise envoy, read history, pity me, and answer in secret at once. I will watch for your move and answer it from within.
31
其三曰："魴所代故太守廣陵王靖，往者亦以郡民為變，以見譴責，靖勤自陳釋，而終不解，因立密計，欲北歸命，不幸事露，誅及嬰孩。 魴既目見靖事，且觀東主一所非薄，□不復厚，雖或暫捨，終見翦除。 今又令魴領郡者，是欲責後效，必殺魴之趣也。 雖尚視息，憂惕焦灼，未知軀命，竟在何時。 人居世間，猶白駒過隙，而常抱危怖，其可言乎!惟當陳愚，重自披盡，懼以卑賤，未能採納。 願明使君少垂詳察，忖度其言。 今此郡民，雖外名降首，而故在山草，看伺空隙，欲復為亂。 為亂之日，魴命訖矣。 東主頃者潛部分諸將，圖欲北進。 呂范、孫韶等入淮，全琮、朱桓趨合肥，諸葛瑾、步騭、朱然到襄陽。 陸議、潘璋等討梅敷。 東主中營自掩石陽，別遣從孫奐治安陸城，修立邸閣，輦貲運糧，以為軍儲，又命諸葛亮進指關西，江邊諸將無復在者，才留三千所兵守武昌耳。 若明使君以萬兵從皖南首江渚，魴便從此率厲吏民，以為內應。 此方諸郡，前後舉事，垂成而敗者，由無外援使其然耳； 若北軍臨境，傳檄屬城，思詠之民，誰不企踵?願明使君上觀天時，下察人事，中參蓍龜，則足昭往言之不虛也。"
Third: my predecessor Wang Jing of Guangling was blamed when his people rioted; though he pleaded his case he was not cleared, plotted to defect north, was exposed, and even babes were killed. I saw what happened to Wang Jing and I see how Sun Quan grows cold—he may spare you for a moment, but in the end he cuts you down. Now he makes me prefect again to test me—to kill me when I fail. I still breathe, but I burn with fear—I do not know how long I have to live. Life is short as a white colt glimpsed through a crack, yet I live in terror. I lay out my folly though I may be too humble to be heard. I beg you to weigh my words with care. The people here have bowed their heads but still lurk in the hills, watching for a chance to rise again. When they rise again, I am a dead man. The eastern lord has lately been shifting generals northward in secret. Lü Fan and Sun Shao are on the Huai; Quan Zong and Zhu Huan press Hefei; Zhuge Jin, Bu Zhi, and Zhu Ran face Xiangyang. Lu Xun (still named Lu Yi in court records) and Pan Zhang were dealing with Mei Fu. The sovereign masks Shiyang with his main body, sent Sun Huan to fortify Ancheng, built depots, moved grain for the army, and ordered Zhuge Liang westward; the river line is stripped—only three thousand men hold Wuchang. If you march ten thousand men from south of Wan to the river fords, I will stir the officials and people to rise within. Past risings here failed for lack of outside help; if your host appears on the border and your proclamations reach the towns, every heart will lift. Read heaven, read men, read the oracles—you will see I do not lie.
32
其四曰："所遣董岑、邵南少長家門。 親之信之，有如兒子。 是以特令□箋，托叛為辭，目語心計，不宣唇齒，骨肉至親，無有知者。 又已敕之，到州當言往降，欲北叛來者得傳之也。 魴建此計，任之於天，若其濟也，則有生全之福。 邂逅洩漏，則受夷滅之禍。 常中夜仰天，告誓星辰。 精成之微，豈能上感，然事急孤窮，惟天是訴耳。 遣使之日，載生載死，形存氣亡，魄爽恍惚。 私恐使君未深保明，岑、南二人可留其一，以為後信。 一□教還，教還故當言悔叛還首。 東主有常科，悔叛還者，皆自原罪。 如是彼此俱塞，永無端原。 縣命西望，涕筆俱下。"
Fourth: Dong Cen and Shao Nan were raised in my house. I love them like sons and trust them utterly. I gave them these letters under cover of defection; we need not speak aloud—even my kin know nothing. I told them to claim they are defecting north so the story will spread. I stake the plot on Heaven: success means life. A leak means extermination for us all. At midnight I swear to the stars. My prayer is too faint to move Heaven, yet in extremity I can only cry to the sky. The day the messengers left I was neither alive nor dead—body here, spirit adrift. If you still doubt me, keep one of the two messengers as hostage. Send one back with orders to pretend he repented and returned from defection. Wu's law forgives any deserter who comes home— so both sides can keep the secret with no loose ends. I look west and weep as I write.
33
其五曰："鄱陽之民，實多愚勁，帥之赴役。 未即應人，倡之為變，聞聲響抃。 今雖降首，盤節未解，山棲草藏，亂心猶存。 而今東主圖興大眾，舉國悉出。 江邊空曠，屯塢虛損，惟有諸刺奸耳。 若因是際而騷動此民，一旦可得更會，然要恃外援，表裡機互，不爾以往，無所成也。 今使君若從皖道進住江上，魴當從南對岸歷口為應。 若未徑到江岸，可住百里上。 令此間民知北軍在彼，即自善也。 此間民非苦饑寒而甘兵寇，苦於征討，樂得北屬，但窮困舉事，不時見應，尋受其禍耳。 如使石陽及青、徐諸軍首尾相銜，牽綴往兵，使不得速退者，則善之善也。 魴生在江、淮，長於時事，見其便利，百舉百捷，時不再來，敢布腹心。"
Fifth: The Poyang folk are stubborn; when you levy them, they do not obey at once; stir them and they riot; they clap at rumor. Though they have yielded, the knot is not untied; they still hide in the hills with rebel hearts. Now the eastern lord means to empty the country for a great campaign. The river forts are hollow—only a few constables remain. Strike now and you could rally them in a day—but you must coordinate from without; otherwise nothing comes of it. If you march down from Wan and camp on the river, I will answer from Likou on the south bank. If you cannot reach the bank, camp within a hundred li upstream. Let these people see your banners—that alone will steady them. They do not love war for hunger's sake—they dread Wu's levies and would gladly serve the north if a northern host gave them hope. If you can pin Shiyang and tie up Qing and Xu so Wu's northern army cannot pull back, that would be best of all. I was born between Yangzi and Huai; I know this ground—strike once, strike sure. The moment will not come twice; I lay my heart bare.
34
其六曰："東主致恨前者不拔石陽，今此後舉，大合新兵，並使潘浚發夷民，人數甚多，聞豫設科條，當以新羸兵置前，好兵在後，攻城之日。 雲欲以羸兵填塹，使即時破，雖未能然，是事大趣也。 私恐石陽城小，不能久留往兵，明使君速垂救濟，試宜疾密。 王靖之變，其鑒不遠。 今魴歸命，非復在天，正在明使君耳。 若見救以往，則功可必成，如見救不時，則與靖等同禍。 前彭綺時，聞旗麾在逢龍，此郡民大小歡喜，並思立效，若留一月日間，事當大成，恨去電速，東得增眾專力討綺，綺始敗耳。 願使君深察此言。"
Sixth: Sun Quan still smarts over Shiyang; this new drive masses raw levies and drafts the Yi under Pan Jun. I hear he plans to put green troops in front and veterans behind when storming the walls. He means to drive raw levies into your ditches to breach them at once; even if that fails, the thrust of the plan is clear. Shiyang is too small to hold your army long; you must rescue me quickly—and move with speed and secrecy. Wang Jing's fate is still a fresh lesson. Whether I live or die now depends on you, not on fate. If you come in time we will succeed; if you delay, I share Wang Jing's end. When Peng Qi rebelled, your banners at Fenglong made every soul here rejoice; had you stayed one month the thing would have been won—but you withdrew like lightning, so Wu could mass troops and crush Peng Qi. Remember that. Weigh these words carefully.
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其七曰："今舉大事，自非爵號無以勸之，乞請將軍、侯印各五十紐，郎將印百紐，校尉、都尉印各二百紐，得以假授諸魁帥，獎厲其志，並乞請幢麾數十，以為表幟，使山兵吏民，目瞻見之，知去就之分己決，承引所救畫定。 又彼此降叛，日月有人，闊狹之間，輒得聞知。 今之大事，事宜神密，若省魴箋，乞加隱秘。 伏知智度有常，防慮必深，魴懷憂震灼，啟事蒸仍，乞未罪怪。"
Seventh: Great enterprises need titles to motivate men. Send fifty sets of general and marquis seals, a hundred colonel seals, two hundred each of commandant seals—so I can award them to hill chiefs—and send banners so everyone sees that sides are chosen and your rescue is sure. Defections cross the line daily; I will hear every rumor in the gap between our armies. Guard these letters as state secrets. I know you are wise and careful; forgive my repeated pleas and do not fault my anxiety.
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魴因別為密表曰：
Zhou Fang also submitted a secret memorial to Sun Quan:
37
方北有逋寇，固阻河洛，久稽王誅，自擅朔土，臣曾不能吐奇舉善。 上以光贊洪化，下以輸展萬一，憂心如搗，假寐忘寢。 聖朝天覆，含臣無效，猥發優命。 敕臣以前誘致賊休，恨不如計，令於郡界求山谷魁帥為北賊所聞知者。 令與北通。 臣伏思惟，喜怖交集。 竊恐此人不可卒得，假使得之，懼不可信，不如令臣譎休，於計為便。 此臣得以經年之冀願。 逢值千載之一會，輒自督竭，竭盡頑蔽，撰立箋草以誑誘休者，如別紙。 臣知無古人單復之術，加卒奉大略，伀矇狼狽，懼以輕愚，忝負特施。 豫懷憂灼。 臣聞唐堯先天而天弗違，博詢芻蕘，以成盛勳。 朝廷神謨，欲必致休於步度之中，靈贊聖規，休必自送，使六軍囊括，虜無孑遺，威風電邁，天下幸甚。 謹拜表以聞，並呈箋草，懼於淺局，追用悚息。 被報施行。
North of us Cao Wei blocks the Central Plain and defies your punishment; I have done little to help. I would aid your great enterprise above and offer my mite below—my heart pounds and I cannot sleep. Your court covers all like heaven; though I am unworthy you favored me with orders. You first told me to lure Cao Xiu; that failed, so you ordered me to find hill chiefs known to Wei. You told me to link them to the north. I am torn between gratitude and fear. Such men may not exist or may not be trusted; better let me deceive Cao Xiu myself. That has been my wish for years. This once-in-a-lifetime chance moves me to stake everything; I enclose the draft letters to bait Cao Xiu on another sheet. I lack ancient strategists' subtlety; given your broad outline I stumble in the dark and fear my dull wits may shame your trust. I burn with anxiety beforehand. Tang Yao moved with heaven and still asked the humblest men—so great deeds are made. Your divine plan will draw Cao Xiu into the trap; heaven will aid you—he will walk in and the six armies will bag him to the last man. The realm will rejoice. I submit this memorial with the enclosed drafts, trembling at my own shallow wit. Sun Quan approved the plan.
38
休果信魴，帥步騎十萬，輜重滿道，逕來入皖。 魴亦合眾，隨陸遜橫截休，休幅裂瓦解，斬獲萬計。
Cao Xiu swallowed the bait, marched a hundred thousand horse and foot with baggage trains crowding the road, and drove straight into Wan. Zhou Fang joined Lu Xun to cut him off; Cao Xiu's army shattered, with tens of thousands killed or taken.
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魴初建密計時，頻有郎官奉詔詰問諸事，魴乃詣部郡門下，因下發謝，故休聞之，不復疑慮。 事捷軍旋，權大會諸將歡宴，酒酣。 謂魴曰：“君下發載義，成孤大事，君之功名，當書之竹帛。” 加裨將軍，賜爵關內侯。 〈徐众评曰：夫人臣立功效节，虽非一涂，然各有分也。 为将执桴鼓，则有必死之义，志守则有不假器之义，死必得所，义在不苟。 鲂为郡守，职在治民，非君所命，自占诱敌，髡剔发肤，以徇功名，虽事济受爵，非君子所美。〉 賊帥董嗣負阻劫鈔，豫章、臨川並受其害。 〈臣松之案：孙亮太平二年始立临川郡，是时未有临川。〉 吾粲、唐咨嘗以三千兵攻守，連月不能拔。 魴表乞罷兵，得以便宜從事。 魴遣間諜，授以方策，誘狙殺嗣。 嗣弟怖懼，詣武昌降於陸遜，乞出平地，自改為善，由是數郡無復憂惕。
While the plot ripened, court envoys repeatedly questioned Zhou Fang; he went to the ministry gate and let his hair down in feigned disgrace—so Cao Xiu heard of his "fall" and doubted no more. After the victory Sun Quan feasted his generals deep into their cups. He told Zhou Fang, "Your sham disgrace won me this victory—your name belongs on the bamboo slips." He made him deputy general and marquis within the passes. 〈Xu Zhong remarks that ministers may serve in different ways, yet each role has its proper limit. A field general beats the drum and accepts death; a defender holds the wall without tricks; each death must be worthy. Zhou Fang was a prefect charged with civil rule, yet without orders he shaved his head to play traitor for glory—even though it worked, a gentleman does not call that beautiful.〉 The rebel Dong Si held fastnesses and plundered Yuzhang and Linchuan. 〈Pei Songzhi notes that Linchuan commandery was not created until Sun Liang's Taiping 2—the text's Linchuan is an anachronism.〉 Wu Can and Tang Zi besieged Dong Si with three thousand men for months without taking him. Zhou Fang asked leave to stop the siege and act on his own authority. He sent agents with a plan that lured Dong Si into an ambush and killed him. Dong Si's brother fled to Lu Xun at Wuchang, begged to settle on the plain and live honestly, and several commanderies were rid of fear.
40
魴在郡十三年卒，賞善罰惡。 威恩並行。 子處，亦有文武材干，天紀中為東觀今、無難督。 〈《虞预晋书》曰：处入晋，为御史中丞，多所弹纠，不避强御。 齐万年反，以处为建威将军，西征，众寡不敌，处临陈慷慨，奋不顾身，遂死於战场，追赠平西将军。 处子飏、札，皆有才力，中兴之初，并见宠任。 其诸子侄悉处列位，为扬土豪右，而札凶淫放恣，为百姓所苦。 泰宁中，王敦诛之，灭其族。〉
Zhou Fang governed thirteen years until his death, always honoring the worthy and punishing the wicked. Fear and kindness walked together in his rule. His son Zhou Chu had both civil and martial gifts; under the Tianji era he became director of the Eastern Pavilion and colonel of the Garrison Without Difficulty. 〈Yu Yu's Jin shu records that after entering Jin Zhou Chu became censor and struck at the powerful without flinching. When Qi Wannian rose, Zhou Chu led the western campaign outnumbered; he fought boldly and died in the field, posthumously named General Who Pacifies the West. His sons Zhou Yang and Zhou Zha were able men favored at the start of the Eastern Jin restoration. His kin filled office and dominated Yangzhou while Zhou Zha ran wild and tormented the people. Wang Dun killed him in the Taining era and wiped out the clan.〉
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鍾離牧
Zhongli Mu
42
鍾離牧字子幹，會稽山陰人，漢魯相意七世孫也。 〈会稽典录曰：牧父绪，楼船都尉，兄骃，上计吏，少与同郡谢赞、吴郡顾谭齐名。 牧童龀时号为迟讷，骃常谓人曰：“牧必胜我，不可轻也。” 时人皆以为不然。〉 少爰居永興，躬自墾田，種稻二十餘畝。 臨熟，縣民有識認之。 牧曰：“本以田荒，故墾之耳。” 遂以稻與縣人。 縣長聞之，召民繋獄，欲繩以法，牧為之請。 長曰：“君慕承宮，自行義事， 〈《续汉书》曰：宫字少子，琅邪人，尝在蒙阴山中耕种禾黍，临熟，人就认之，宫便推与而去，由是发名，位至左中郎将、侍中。〉 僕為民主，當以法率下，何得寢公憲而從君邪？” 牧曰：“此是郡界，緣君意顧，故來蹔住。 今以少稻而殺此民，何心復留？” 遂出裝，還山陰，長自往止之，為釋繋民。 民慚懼，率妻子舂所取稻得六十斛米，送還牧，牧閉門不受。 民輸置道旁，莫有取者。 牧由此發名。 〈徐众评曰：牧蹈长者之规。 问者曰：“如牧所行，犯而不校，又从而救之，直而不有，又还而不受，可不谓之仁让乎哉？” 答曰：“异乎吾所闻。 原宪之问於孔子曰：‘克伐怨欲不行焉，可以为仁乎？ ’孔子曰：‘可以为难矣，仁则吾不知也。 ’‘恶不仁者，其为仁矣。 ’今小民不展四体，而认人之稻，不仁甚矣，而牧推而与之，又救其罪，斯为让非其义，所救非人，非所谓恶不仁者。 苟不恶不仁，安得为仁哉！ 苍梧浇娶妻而美，让於其兄； 尾生笃信，水至不去而死； 直躬好直，证父攘羊； 申鸣奉法，尽忠於君而执其父。 忠信直让，此四行者，圣贤之所贵也。 然不贵苍梧之让，非让道也； 不取尾生之信，非信所也； 不许直躬之直，非直体也； 不嘉申鸣之忠，非忠意也。 今牧犯而不校，还而不取，可以为难矣，未得为仁让也。 夫圣人以德报德，以直报怨，而牧欲以德报怨，非也。 必不得已，二者何从？ 吾从孔子也。”〉
Zhongli Mu, styled Zigan, came from Shanyin in Kuaiji—the seventh generation from Zhongli Yi, minister of education to the Prince of Lu under Han. 〈The Kuaiji dianlu says his father Zhongli Xu commanded tower ships; his brother Yin was an accounts clerk and in youth rivaled Xie Zan of Kuaiji and Gu Tan of Wu. As a boy Mu seemed dull; his brother Yin warned others, "He will outshine me—do not underestimate him." People did not believe him. He lived at Yongxing as a youth, clearing fields and planting over twenty mu of rice himself. When the crop neared harvest a county man claimed the land was his. Mu said, "I only farmed it because it lay waste." He gave the whole crop to the man. The magistrate jailed the claimant; Mu pleaded for him. The magistrate said, You imitate Cheng Gong's selfless ways, 〈The Continued Han shu tells of Cheng Gong of Langya, who gave away his mountain crop to a claimant and rose to high office.〉 yet I must govern by law—how can I ignore the code for your sake? Mu replied, This is your commandery; I only stayed here by your kindness. Would you execute a man over a little grain while I still wished to stay? He packed to leave for Shanyin; the magistrate ran after him, freed the prisoner, and kept Mu. Ashamed, the man and his family milled sixty hu of rice as repayment; Mu shut his gate and refused it. They left the rice by the road; no one touched it. From that his reputation spread. 〈Xu Zhong says Mu followed the elder's standard. A questioner asked, "Is that not perfect benevolence and yielding?" The answer was, That is not what I call benevolence. Yuan Xian asked whether a man who never boasts or nurses grudges is humane. Confucius said that is hard; as for full humanity, he could not say. To hate the inhumane is itself humanity. A lazy man who claims another's field is deeply wrong; to reward him and void the law is misplaced kindness—not hating evil. Without hatred of evil there is no humanity. The man of Cangwu who gave his pretty wife to his brother and Wei Sheng who drowned keeping a tryst and Zhi Gong who bore witness against his father and Shen Ming who arrested his own father for the law were prized by the sages—each in its place. We do not praise the Cangwu "yield"—it was not true yielding; Wei Sheng's faith is not true faith; Zhi Gong's bluntness is not straightness; Shen Ming's act is not loyalty in the right sense. Mu's patience is admirable but not yet benevolent yielding. The sage repays good with good and injury with justice; to repay injury with kindness is wrong. If you must choose between them, I follow Confucius.
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赤烏五年，從郎中補太子輔義都尉，遷南海太守。 〈会稽典录曰：高凉贼率仍弩等破略百姓，残害吏民，牧越界扑讨，旬日降服。 又揭阳县贼率曾夏等众数千人，历十馀年，以侯爵杂缯千匹，下书购募，绝不可得。 牧遣使慰譬，登皆首服，自改为良民。 始兴太守羊衜与太常滕胤书曰：“锺离子幹吾昔知之不熟，定见其在南海，威恩部伍，智勇分明，加操行清纯，有古人之风。” 其见贵如此。 在郡四年，以疾去职。〉 還為丞相長史，轉司直，遷中書令。 會建安、鄱陽、新都三郡山民作亂，出牧為監軍使者，討平之。 賊帥黃亂、常俱籌出其部伍，以充兵役。 封秦亭侯，拜越騎校尉。
In 242 he rose from gentleman of the palace to capital commandant assisting the heir, then became prefect of Nanhai. 〈The Kuaiji dianlu says he crossed into Gaoliang to crush bandit chiefs like Reng Nu and forced their surrender within ten days. Jieyang chief Zeng Xia had defied Wu for over ten years despite posted rewards of nobility and silk—no one could catch him. Mu sent envoys with fair words; Zeng Xia and his followers submitted and became law-abiding subjects. Yang Dao of Shixing wrote to Teng Yin, "I did not know Zhongli Mu well until I saw him rule Nanhai with equal parts awe and kindness, clear wit and courage, and spotless conduct—truly in the old style." Such was the esteem he won. After four years as prefect he resigned ill.〉 Back at court he became the chancellor's chief clerk, then director of integrity, then director of the secretariat. When hill folk of Jian'an, Poyang, and Xindu rebelled, he was named military overseer and crushed them. Rebel leaders Huang Luan and Chang Ju surrendered their followers for conscription. He was made marquis of Qin village and colonel of agile cavalry.
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永安六年，蜀併於魏，武陵五谿夷與蜀接界。 時論懼叛亂，乃以牧為平魏將軍，領武陵太守，往之郡。 魏遣漢葭縣長郭純試守武陵太守，率涪陵民入蜀遷陵界，屯於赤沙，誘致諸夷邑君，或起應純，又進攻酉陽縣，郡中震懼。 牧問朝吏曰：「西蜀傾覆，邊境見侵，何以禦之？」 皆對曰：「今二縣山險，諸夷阻兵，不可以軍驚擾，驚擾則諸夷盤結。 宜以漸安，可遣恩信吏宣教慰勞。」 牧曰：「不然。 外境內侵，誑誘人民，當及其根柢未深而撲取之，此救火貴速之勢也。」 敕外趣嚴，掾史沮儀者便行軍法。 撫夷將軍高尚說牧曰：「昔潘太常督兵五萬，然後以討五谿夷耳。 是時劉氏連和，諸夷率化，今既無往日之援，而郭純已據遷陵，而明府以三千兵深入，尚未見其利也。」 牧曰：「非常之事，何得循舊？」 即率所領，晨夜進道，緣山險行，垂二千里，從塞上，斬惡民懷異心者魁帥百餘人及其支黨凡於余級，純等散，五谿平。 遷公安督、揚武將軍，封都鄉侯，徙濡須督。 〈会稽典录曰：牧之在濡须，深以进取可图，而不敢陈其策，与侍中东观令硃育宴，慨然叹息。 育谓牧恨於策爵未副，因谓牧曰：「朝廷诸君，以际会坐取高官，亭侯功无与比，不肯在人下，见顾者犹以於邑，况於侯也！」 牧笑而答曰：「卿之所言，未获我心也。 马援有言，人当功多而赏薄。 吾功不足录，而见宠已过当，岂以为恨？ 国家不深相知，而见害朝人，是以默默不敢有所陈。 若其不然，当建进取之计，以报所受之恩，不徒自守而已，愤叹以此也。」 育复曰：「国家已自知侯，以侯之才，无为不成。 愚谓自可陈所怀。」 牧曰：「武安君谓秦王云：『非成业难，得贤难； 非得贤难，用之难； 非用之难，任之难。』 武安君欲为秦王并兼六国，恐授事而不见任，故先陈此言。 秦王既许而不能，卒陨将成之业，赐剑杜邮。 今国家知吾，不如秦王之知武安，而害吾者有过范睢。 大皇帝时，陆丞相讨鄱阳，以二千人授吾，潘太常讨武陵，吾又有三千人，而朝廷下议，弃吾於彼，使江渚诸督，不复发兵相继。 蒙国威灵自济，今日何为常。 向使吾不料时度宜，苟有所陈，至见委以事，不足兵势，终有败绩之患，何无不成之有？」〉 復以前將軍假節，領武陵太守。
In 263 Shu fell to Wei; the five-streams tribes of Wuling bordered the former Shu frontier. Court opinion feared revolt, so Zhongli Mu was named General Who Pacifies Wei and prefect of Wuling and sent to his post. Wei put Guo Chun of Hanjia in charge of Wuling, led Fuling settlers into the Qianling border region, camped at Red Sand, and rallied tribal headmen—some joined him and he pushed toward Youyang, throwing the county into panic. Mu asked his staff, "Shu is gone and our border is threatened—how do we respond?" They said, "The terrain is rugged and the tribes are armed—do not provoke them with troops or they will unite against us. Move slowly: send trusted officers to talk them down." Mu replied, "Wrong. Foreign agents are subverting our people—we must strike before the evil takes root, as in fighting a fire." He ordered full mobilization and told his staff that anyone who blocked the call-up would face military justice. Gao Shang, General Who Pacifies the Yi, warned him, "Pan Jun needed fifty thousand men to subdue the five streams. Liu Bei once kept those tribes quiet; now there is no such ally, Guo Chun holds Qianling, and you would march in with three thousand—I see no gain in that." Mu said, "These are extraordinary times—old rules do not apply." He led his command on forced marches along two thousand li of mountain trails, stormed the heights, executed over a hundred rebel headmen and their followers—more than a thousand counted kills—and scattered Guo Chun's force, pacifying the five streams. He became Gong'an garrison commander, General Who Displays Martial Might, metropolitan village marquis, then moved to Ruxu command. 〈The Kuaiji dianlu says that at Ruxu he saw a chance to strike north but dared not speak; over wine with Zhu Yu he sighed heavily. Zhu Yu thought Mu chafed at his rank and said, "Courtiers ride luck to high posts; your village marquis title hardly matches your deeds—you must feel slighted." Mu smiled and said, "You miss my meaning. Ma Yuan said men often deserve more reward than they receive. My deeds hardly merit record, yet I have been over-rewarded—why should I resent that? The throne does not know me well, and jealous men at court would harm me if I spoke—so I keep silent. Otherwise I would lay plans to repay your kindness instead of merely holding my post—that is what grieves me." Zhu Yu pressed, "The court knows your worth; with your ability nothing would fail. Speak your mind, I say." Mu said: "Lord Wu'an said to the King of Qin: It is not completing the enterprise that is hard—it is getting worthies that is hard; finding them is not the hard part—using them is; using them is not the hard part—trusting them is." Bai Qi warned Qin before taking the six states because he feared not being trusted once in command. Qin agreed yet failed him, ruined his work, and sent the suicide sword to Duyou. The court knows me less than Qin knew Bai Qi, and my slanderers are worse than Fan Ju. When Lu Xun took Poyang I had two thousand men; when Pan Jun took Wuling I had three thousand—yet the court abandoned me and river garrisons sent no follow-up relief. I escaped ruin only by the state's grace—how could I gamble on that again today? Had I pressed plans without timing or support, I would have courted disaster—how then could anything succeed?"〉" He was again named former general with the baton and concurrent prefect of Wuling.
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卒官。 家無餘財，士民思之。 子褘嗣，代領兵。 〈会稽典录曰：牧次子盛，亦履恭让，为尚书郎。 弟徇领兵为将，拜偏将军，戍西陵，与监军使者唐盛论地形势，谓宜城、信陵为建平援，若不先城，敌将先入。 盛以施绩、留平，智略名将，屡经於彼，無云當城之者，不然徇计。 后半年，晋果遣将脩信陵城。 晋军平吴，徇领水军督，临陈战死。〉
He died in office. He left no fortune; officers and people mourned him. His son Zhongli Hui inherited his rank and command. 〈The Kuaiji dianlu says second son Zhongli Sheng was humble and served as a gentleman of the palace. Brother Zhongli Xun commanded troops at Xiling and urged Tang Sheng that Yicheng and Xinling must be fortified as outworks of Jianping before the enemy could seize them. Tang Sheng argued that Shi Ji and Liu Ping, seasoned strategists who knew the ground, had never insisted on fortifying there—so he rejected Xun's plan. Six months later Jin sent engineers to fortify Xinling. When Jin conquered Wu, Zhongli Xun commanded the navy as river garrison supervisor and died in battle.〉
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【評】
Appraisal
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評曰：山越好為叛亂，難安易動，是以孫權不遑外御，卑詞魏氏。 凡此諸臣，皆克寧內難，綏靜邦域者也。 呂岱清恪在公； 周魴譎略多奇； 鐘離牧蹈長者之規； 全琮有當世之才，貴重於時，然不檢姦子，獲譏毀名云。
The appraiser says the hill Yue were ever restless, so Sun Quan could spare little force abroad and humbled himself toward Wei. These men quelled internal strife and steadied the realm. Lü Dai was incorrupt and devoted to duty; Zhou Fang's stratagems were singular; Zhongli Mu walked the path of the gentleman; Quan Zong was a man of his time yet failed to curb his sons and lost his good name—so the verdict runs.