1
潘濬字承明，武陵漢壽人也。 弱冠從宋仲子受學。 〈吴书曰：濬为人聪察，对问有机理，山阳王粲见而贵异之。 由是知名，为郡功曹。〉 年未三十，荊州牧劉表辟為部江夏從事。 時沙羨長贓穢不脩，濬按殺之，一郡震竦。 後為湘鄉令，治甚有名。 劉備領荊州，以濬為治中從事。 備入蜀，留典州事。
Pan Jun, whose courtesy name was Chengming, came from Hanshou in Wuling commandery. While still in his early twenties he took instruction from Song Zhongzi. 〈The Book of Wu records that Pan Jun was sharp and observant, that his replies in conversation were always well ordered, and that Wang Can of Shanyang singled him out for special regard. He soon made a name for himself and was appointed merit clerk of the commandery.〉 Before he turned thirty, Governor Liu Biao of Jing Province recruited him as an assistant clerk attached to the Jiangxia section of headquarters. The magistrate of Shaxi was lining his pockets and neglecting his duty; Pan Jun had him tried and put to death, and the entire commandery stood in awe. He was later named magistrate of Xiangxiang and earned wide renown for how he ran the county. When Liu Bei assumed authority over Jing Province, he made Pan Jun his administrative adjutant. Liu Bei left him behind to manage provincial affairs when he marched into Shu.
2
孫權殺關羽，并荊土，拜濬輔軍中郎將，授以兵。 〈江表传曰：权克荆州，将吏悉皆归附，而濬独称疾不见。 权遣人以床就家舆致之，濬伏面著床席不起，涕泣交横，哀咽不能自胜。 权慰劳与语，呼其字曰：「承明，昔观丁父，鄀俘也，武王以为军帅； 彭仲爽，申俘也，文王以为令尹。 此二人，卿荆国之先贤也，初虽见囚，后皆擢用，为楚名臣。 卿独不然，未肯降意，将以孤异古人之量邪？」 使亲近以手巾拭其面，濬起下地拜谢。 即以为治中，荆州诸军事一以谘之。 武陵部从事樊伷诱导诸夷，图以武陵属刘备，外白差督督万人往讨之。 权不听，特召问濬，濬答：「以五千兵往，足可以擒伷。」 权曰：「卿何以轻之？」 濬曰：「伷是南阳旧姓，颇能弄脣吻，而实无辩论之才。 臣所以知之者，伷昔尝为州人设馔，比至日中，食不可得，而十餘自起，此亦侏儒观一节之验也。」 权大笑而纳其言，即遣濬将五千往，果斩平之。〉 遷奮威將軍，封常遷亭侯。 〈吴书曰：芮玄卒，濬并领玄兵，屯夏口。 玄字文表，丹杨人。 父祉，字宣嗣，从孙坚征伐有功，坚荐祉为九江太守，后转吴郡，所在有声。 玄兄良，字文鸾，随孙策平定江东，策以为会稽东部都尉，卒，玄领良兵，拜奋武中郎将，以功封溧阳侯。 权为子登拣择淑媛，群臣咸称玄父祉兄良并以德义文武显名三世，故遂娉玄女为妃焉。 黄武五年卒，权甚愍惜之。〉 權稱尊號，拜為少府。 進封劉陽侯， 〈江表传曰：权数射雉，濬谏权，权曰：「相与别后，时时蹔出耳，不复如往日之时也。」 濬曰：「天下未定，万机务多，射雉非急，弦绝括破，皆能为害，乞特为臣故息置之。」 濬出，见雉翳故在，乃手自撤坏之。 权由是自绝，不复射雉。〉 遷太常。 五谿蠻夷叛亂盤結，權假濬節，督諸軍討之。 信賞必行，法不可干，斬首獲生，蓋以萬數，自是羣蠻衰弱，一方寧靜。 〈吴书曰：骠骑将军步骘屯沤口，求召募诸郡以增兵。 权以问濬，濬曰：「豪将在民间，耗乱为害，加骘有名势，在所所媚，不可听也。」 权从之。 中郎将豫章徐宗，有名士也，尝到京师，与孔融交结，然儒生诞节，部曲宽纵，不奉节度，为众作殿，濬遂斩之。 其奉法不惮私议，皆此类也。 归义隐蕃，以口辩为豪杰所善，濬子翥亦与周旋，馈饷之。 濬闻大怒，疏责翥曰：「吾受国厚恩，志报以命，尔辈在都，当念恭顺，亲贤慕善，何故与降虏交，以粮饷之？ 在远闻此，心震面热，惆怅累旬。 疏到，急就往使受杖一百，促责所饷。」 当时人咸怪濬，而蕃果图叛诛夷，众乃归服。 江表传曰：时濬姨兄零陵蒋琬为蜀大将军，或有间濬於武陵太守卫旌者，云濬遣密使与琬相闻，欲有自讬之计。 旌以启权，权曰：「承明不为此也。」 即封旌表以示於濬，而召旌还，免官。〉
After Sun Quan slew Guan Yu and absorbed Jing, he named Pan Jun general of the household who assists the army and placed troops under his command. 〈The Jiangbiao zhuan relates that when Sun Quan took Jing Province every officer came over to his side, yet Pan Jun pleaded sickness and refused an audience. Sun Quan had men bring a couch to Pan Jun's home and carry him in; Pan Jun buried his face in the bedding and would not get up, weeping until he could barely breathe for grief. Sun Quan comforted him and addressed him by his courtesy name: "Chengming, Ding Fu of old was a prisoner taken at Ruo, yet King Wu of Zhou made him a field commander; Peng Zhongshuang was another captive of Shen whom King Wen raised to the office of chief minister. They were the sort of men your own Jing once produced: first held captive, then brought forward to serve as celebrated ministers of Chu. You alone hold back and will not bend your will—are you trying to show that I lack the magnanimity of those ancient rulers?" He had an attendant wipe Pan Jun's face with a towel; Pan Jun then rose, stepped down, and bowed his thanks. He was at once appointed administrative adjutant, and every military question in Jing was referred to him. Fan You, the section clerk for Wuling, incited the tribes and schemed to hand Wuling to Liu Bei; someone at court proposed sending a commander with ten thousand men to crush the rising. Sun Quan refused and instead called Pan Jun in; Pan Jun replied, "Five thousand men will be enough to take Fan You." Why do you make so little of him?" Sun Quan asked." Fan You belongs to an old Nanyang clan," said Pan Jun; "he is glib enough, but he has no real gift for argument. I know because he once hosted a banquet for local gentlemen: by noon the meal still had not appeared, yet a dozen guests had already got up and left—that is the sort of glimpse from which one judges the whole man, like the proverbial dwarf who inferred a man's stature from a single limb." Sun Quan laughed, accepted the advice, and sent Pan Jun with five thousand men; Fan You was killed and the trouble put down. He was advanced to general who displays might and enfeoffed as village marquis of Changqian. 〈The Book of Wu notes that when Rui Xuan died, Pan Jun absorbed his command and garrisoned the troops at Xiakou. Rui Xuan, courtesy name Wenbiao, was a native of Danyang. His father Rui Zhi, courtesy name Xuansi, campaigned with Sun Jian and won distinction; Sun Jian had him recommended as grand administrator of Jiujiang, and after a transfer to Wu he left a strong administrative record wherever he went. His older brother Rui Liang, courtesy name Wenluan, helped Sun Ce conquer the lower Yangzi region and was named eastern commandery commandant of Kuaiji; when Liang died, Rui Xuan inherited the troops, became general of the household who displays martial vigor, and was enfeoffed as marquis of Liyang for his service. When Sun Quan was choosing a worthy bride for the heir apparent Deng, his ministers all pointed to three generations of Rui men—Zhi and Liang—who had combined moral stature with civil and military renown; Sun Quan therefore took Rui Xuan's daughter as a royal consort. He died in the fifth year of Huangwu (226), and Sun Quan mourned him deeply. After Sun Quan took the imperial throne, Pan Jun was named superintendent of the lesser treasury. His fief was raised to marquis of Liuyang, 〈The Jiangbiao zhuan says Sun Quan often hunted pheasants; when Pan Jun remonstrated, Sun Quan replied, "Since we last met I only slip out briefly now and then—it is nothing like the old days." The empire is still unsettled and state business presses," Pan Jun answered; "pheasant hunting is no priority, yet a broken string or shattered grip can injure you—I ask you to give it up for my sake." When he left the palace he found the hunting blinds still standing and tore them down with his own hands. Sun Quan thereafter gave up pheasant hunting altogether. He was promoted to grand master of ceremonies. When the Wuxi tribes rose in a tangled rebellion, Sun Quan invested Pan Jun with plenary authority and sent him to command the expeditionary forces. He kept every promised reward, brooked no breach of law, and took heads and prisoners by the myriad; the tribes thereafter declined in strength and the region knew peace. 〈The Book of Wu records that General of the Agile Cavalry Bu Zhi, camped at Oukou, asked permission to levy recruits across the commanderies to swell the army. Sun Quan consulted Pan Jun, who replied, "Veteran commanders living among the commoners stir trouble and waste resources; Bu Zhi moreover enjoys great prestige, so local officials will fawn on him wherever he goes—this request must be refused." Sun Quan agreed. Xu Zong of Yuzhang, a gentleman cadet general with a reputation as a literatus, had once frequented the capital and befriended Kong Rong, but he lived loosely for a scholar, let his followers run wild, ignored military orders, and held the rear while others advanced in battle; Pan Jun had him executed. His readiness to enforce the law without flinching at private gossip was characteristic of him in every case. Yin Fan, who had come over from Wei, won favor among the local notables for his glib tongue; Pan Jun's son Pan Zhu also kept company with him and sent him food. Pan Jun flew into a rage and wrote to rebuke his son: "The state has heaped favors on me, and I mean to repay them with my life; you live at court and should conduct yourself with deference, seeking out the virtuous—why keep company with a turncoat defector and send him provisions? From a distance the news left my heart pounding and my face burning; I brooded over it for weeks on end. When this letter reaches you, report at once to the courier, take one hundred strokes of the rod, and return every grain you gave him." Contemporaries thought Pan Jun harsh, yet Yin Fan soon proved a traitor and was put to death with his faction; only then did opinion swing in Pan Jun's favor. The Jiangbiao zhuan relates that Pan Jun's maternal cousin Jiang Wan of Lingling was then grand general of Shu; someone whispered to Wuling's grand administrator Wei Jing that Pan Jun had dispatched a clandestine envoy to Jiang Wan and was plotting to change sides. Wei Jing reported it to Sun Quan, who answered, "Chengming would never do such a thing." He thereupon sealed Wei Jing's memorial and showed it to Pan Jun, recalled Wei Jing to the capital, and stripped him of his post.
3
先是，濬與陸遜俱駐武昌，共掌留事，還復故。 時校事呂壹操弄威柄，奏按丞相顧雍、左將軍朱據等，皆見禁止。 黃門侍郎謝厷語次問壹：「顧公事何如?」壹答：「不能佳。」 厷又問：「若此公免退，誰當代之?」壹未答厷，厷曰：「得無潘太常得之乎?」壹良久曰：「君語近之也。」 厷謂曰：「潘太常常切齒於君，但道遠無因耳。 今日代顧公，恐明日便擊君矣。」 壹大懼，遂解散雍事。 濬求朝，詣建業，欲盡辭極諫。 至，聞太子登已數言之而不見從。 濬乃大請百寮，欲因會手刃殺壹，以身當之，為國除患。 壹密聞知，稱疾不行。 濬每進見，無不陳壹之姦險也。 由此壹寵漸衰，後遂誅戮。 權引咎責躬，因誚讓大臣，語在《權傳》。
Earlier, Pan Jun and Lu Xun had jointly garrisoned Wuchang and managed court business in the emperor's absence; they then resumed their former duties. The palace investigator Lü Yi had begun to twist the levers of power; he impeached Chancellor Gu Yong, General of the Left Zhu Ju, and others, who were all confined pending trial. Gentleman attendant Xie Hong asked Lü Yi in passing how Chancellor Gu's case looked; Lü Yi replied that things did not look good." If Gu Yong falls," Xie Hong went on, "who takes his place?" Lü Yi stayed silent until Xie Hong suggested, "I suppose Grand Master of Ceremonies Pan would be the one?" After a long pause Lü Yi admitted, "You are not far wrong." Pan Jun grinds his teeth at you," Xie Hong added; "only distance has kept him from acting. The day he replaces Gu Yong, he will come for you the next morning." Lü Yi was terrified and dropped the charges against Gu Yong. Pan Jun asked leave to come to court at Jianye and planned to speak his mind without reserve. On arrival he learned that Crown Prince Deng had already remonstrated several times to no effect. He therefore summoned the full bureaucracy to a banquet, intending to cut Lü Yi down with his own sword and accept whatever punishment followed, ridding the state of the menace. Lü Yi caught wind of the plan and pleaded sickness, staying away. At every audience thereafter Pan Jun denounced Lü Yi's treachery without fail. Lü Yi's influence waned, and he was eventually executed. Sun Quan shouldered the blame and publicly rebuked his senior ministers; the full account appears in his own biography.
4
赤烏二年，濬卒，子翥嗣。 濬女配建昌侯孫慮。 〈吴书曰：翥字文龙，拜骑都尉，后代领兵，早卒。 翥弟祕，权以姊陈氏女妻之，调湘乡令。 《襄阳记》曰：襄阳习温为荆州大公平。 大公平，今之州都。 祕过辞於温，问曰：「先君昔曰君侯当为州里议主，今果如其言，不审州里谁当复相代者？」 温曰：「无过於君也。」 后祕为尚书僕射，代温为公平，甚得州里之誉。〉
Pan Jun died in the second year of Chiwu (239), and his son Pan Zhu inherited his title. Pan Jun's daughter was married to Sun Lü, the marquis of Jianchang. 〈The Book of Wu records that Pan Zhu, courtesy name Wenlong, became chief of cavalry, later took over his father's command, and died young. His younger brother Pan Mi was given a wife from the Chen family on Sun Quan's sister's side and was posted magistrate of Xiangxiang. The Xiangyang ji notes that Xi Wen of Xiangyang served as the great impartial selector for Jing Province. That office corresponds to what is now called the provincial marshal. Pan Mi called on Xi Wen to bid farewell and asked, "My father once predicted you would become the province's chief arbiter, and he was right—who do you think should succeed you in that role?" No one is better suited than yourself," Xi Wen replied. Pan Mi later rose to vice director of the secretariat, succeeded Xi Wen as impartial selector, and won wide acclaim across the province.
5
皚性不好人視己，郡臣侍見，精莫敢進。 凱說皓曰：“夫君臣無不相識之道，若率有不虞，不知所赴。” 皓聽凱自視。
Sun Hao could not bear to have others gaze at him; when local officials waited to be received, none dared step forward. Lu Kai urged Sun Hao: "Ruler and subject ought to know one another's faces; if crisis struck, your ministers would not even know where to turn." Sun Hao allowed Lu Kai to look at him.
6
皓時徒都武昌，揚土百姓溯流供給，以為患苦，又政事多謬，黎無窮匱。 凱上疏曰：
When Sun Hao moved the court to Wuchang, the people of the lower Yangzi had to pole supplies upstream and found it a grinding hardship; misgovernment multiplied, and the common people were left endlessly destitute. Lu Kai therefore presented a memorial:
7
臣聞有道之君，以樂樂民。 無道之君，以樂樂身。 樂民者，其樂彌長。 樂身者，不久而亡。 夫民者，國之根也，誠宜重其食，愛其命。 民安則君安，民樂則君樂。 自頃年以來。 君威傷於桀、紂，君明暗於奸雄，君惠閉於群孽。 無災而民命盡，無為而國財空，辜無罪，賞無功，使君有謬誤之愆，天為作妖。 而諸公卿媚上以求愛，因民以求饒，導君於不義，敗政於淫俗，臣竊為痛心。 今鄰國交好。 四邊無事，當務息役養士，實其廩庫，以待天時。 而更傾動天心，騷擾萬姓，使民不安，大小呼嗟，此非保國養民之術也。
Your servant has heard that a true king finds his delight in bringing delight to the people. A tyrant seeks only his own amusement. Joy shared with the people endures the longer. Self-indulgent rulers do not last. The people are the root of the realm; you must secure their livelihood and cherish their lives. When the people are secure, the throne is secure; when they are content, the ruler may be content. In recent years, however, your majesty's authority has been battered like that of Jie and Zhou, your judgment clouded by schemers, and your benevolence smothered by a swarm of villains. Though no natural disaster has struck, the people are worn to the bone; though you have launched no great enterprises, the treasury is bare; the innocent suffer while the undeserving are enriched—such misrule invites Heaven's warnings. Yet your high ministers flatter you to win favor, squeeze the people to buy leniency, lead you into injustice, and let debased customs rot the administration—your servant is heartsick to see it. The neighboring powers are at peace with us. The frontiers are quiet; this is the moment to ease labor levies, nurture talent, fill the granaries, and wait for a favorable turn of fate. Instead you shake Heaven's patience, harrow the common folk, and leave high and low wailing in distress—this is no way to preserve the realm or care for the people.
8
臣聞吉凶在天，猶影之在形，響之在聲也，形動則影動，形止則影止。 此分數乃有所繫，非在口之所進退也。 昔秦所以亡天下者，但坐賞輕而罰重，政刑錯亂，民力盡於奢侈，目眩於美色，志濁於財寶。 邪臣在位，賢哲隱藏，百姓業業，天下苦之。 是以遂有覆巢破卵之憂。 漢所以強者，躬行誠信，聽諫納賢，惠及負薪，躬請巖穴，廣采博察，以成其謀。 此往事之明證也。
Your servant has heard that weal and woe rest with Heaven as a shadow with its body or an echo with its voice—move the body and the shadow moves; still the body and the shadow stills. Such outcomes are bound by fate, not by fine words spoken or withheld. The Qin lost the empire because rewards were cheap and punishments cruel, law and policy fell into chaos, the people were drained by extravagance, the court's eyes were dazzled by pleasures, and its heart fouled by greed for treasure. Evil ministers held power while the worthy withdrew; the people trembled, and the world groaned under the burden. Hence came the fear that the nest would be overturned and every egg shattered. Han grew mighty because its rulers lived by good faith, heeded advice and welcomed talent, showed kindness even to men who carried fuel, sought hermits in the hills, and cast a wide net for counsel until their strategy was sound. That is the plain lesson of history.
9
近者漢之衰末，三家鼎立，曹失綱紀，晉有其政。 又益州危險。 兵多精強，閉門固守，可保萬世，而劉氏以奪乖錯，賞罰失所，君恣意於奢侈，民力竭於不急，是以為晉所伐，君臣見虜，此目前之明驗也。
In the late years of Han the realm split three ways; the house of Cao let the moral order unravel, and Jin seized the reins of power. Yizhou moreover is a natural fortress. Shu had veteran armies and rugged terrain; with gates barred it might have endured forever. Instead the Liu house grasped at power with fatal misjudgment, mishandled rewards and punishments, indulged in luxury, and squandered the people on needless projects—so Jin overran them and led ruler and ministers away in chains. The lesson is staring us in the face.
10
臣暗於大理，文不及義，智慧淺劣，無復冀望，竊為陛下惜天下耳。 臣謹奏耳目所聞見，百姓所為煩苛，刑政所為錯亂，願陛下息大功，損百役，務寬蕩，忽苛政。 又武昌土地，實危險而瘠確，非王都安國養民之處，船泊則沉漂，陵居則峻危，旦童謠曰：‘寧飲建業水，不食武昌魚，寧還建業死，不止武昌居。 ’臣聞翼星為變，熒惑作妖，童謠之言，生於天心，乃以安居而比死，足明天意，如民所若也。
I am no master of high policy and my brush cannot match my meaning; I have little wit left to offer. I write only because I grieve for the empire you hold in trust. I submit what I have seen and heard—the people's burdens, the chaos in law and administration—and beg you to stop grandiose works, cut back corvée, govern with leniency, and abandon cruel policies. Wuchang's terrain is rugged and its soil thin—no fit seat for a capital meant to steady the realm. Boats that moor there founder or drift; building on the heights is sheer cliff. The people already sing: 'We would rather drink Jianye's water than taste Wuchang's fish; we would rather die going home to Jianye than live on in Wuchang.' I am told that when the Wings asterism shifts and Mars shows prodigies, a children's rhyme voices Heaven's mind; to prefer death in Jianye to life in Wuchang is Heaven speaking through the people's voice.
11
臣聞國無三年之儲，渭之非國，而今無一年之畜，此臣下責也。 而諸公卿位處人上，祿延子孫，曾無致命之節，匡救之術，苟進小利於君，以求容媚，荼毒百姓，不為君計也。 自從孫弘造義兵以來，耕種既廢，所在無復輸入，而分一家父子異役，廩食日張，畜積日耗。 民有離散之怨，國有露根之漸，而莫之恤也。 民力因窮，鬻賣兒子，調賦相仍，日以疲極，所在長吏，不加隱括，加有監官，既不愛民，務行威勢，所在騷擾，更為煩苛，民苦二端，財力再耗，此為無益而有損也。 願陛下一息此輩。 矜哀孤弱，以鎮撫百姓之心。 此猶色鱉得免毒螫之淵，烏獸得離羅網之綱，四方之民襁負而至。 如此，民可得保，先王之國存焉。
They say a kingdom without three years of grain in store is no kingdom at all; we do not even have a single year's reserve—that failure rests with your ministers. Yet your high officials sit above the commonalty, pass salaries down to their heirs, show no willingness to die for the state, and devise no remedies; they curry favor with petty gifts to the throne, torment the people, and never think of your long-term good. Ever since Sun Hong levied the volunteer armies, farming has collapsed, tax shipments have dried up, households are split so father and son serve in different places, state granaries swell with consumers, and stockpiles shrink by the day. The people nurse a bitter sense of exile; the dynasty shows the first signs of roots left bare to wind and sun—yet no one cares. The people are driven to sell their children; tax after tax leaves them spent, while local magistrates look the other way and palace overseers swagger through the districts, heaping fresh extortion on old. The common folk bear a double yoke, stripped twice of coin and labor—pure loss, no gain. I beg you to dismiss these people at once. Show mercy to widows, orphans, and the helpless, and you will steady the people's hearts. Then the people will be like creatures freed from poisoned waters and hunting nets, and families from every quarter will flock to you with children on their backs. Do this, and the people may be kept safe and the heritage of your forebears preserved.
12
臣聞五音令人耳不聰，五色令人目不明，此無益於政，有損於事者也。 自昔先帝時，後宮列女，及諸織絡，數不滿百，米有畜積，貨財有餘。 先帝崩後，幼、景在位，更改奢侈，不蹈先跡。 伏聞織絡及諸徒坐，乃有千數，計其所長，不足為國財。 然坐食宮廩，歲歲相承，此為無益。 願陛下料出賦嫁，給與無妻者。 如此，上應天心，下合地意，天下幸甚。
The classics warn that music dulls the ear and pigments dim the eye; they bring no profit to government, only injury. Under the late emperor the inner palace and weaving halls together held fewer than a hundred women, yet the granaries stayed full and the treasury ran a surplus. After his death the Young and Jing emperors turned to extravagance and abandoned his frugal example. I am told the weaving sheds and penal workshops now hold more than a thousand souls, yet their output hardly counts as national income. They simply consume the palace grain year after year, to no good purpose. Release surplus palace women to wed men who have no wives. Heaven will approve, earth will consent, and the realm will be the better for it.
13
臣聞殷湯取士於商賈，齊桓取士於車轅，周武取士於負新，大漢取士於奴僕。 明王聖主取士以賢，不拘卑賤。 故其功德洋溢，名流竹素，非求顏色而取好服、捷口、容悅者也。 臣伏見當今內寵之臣，位非其人，任非其量，不能輔國匡時，群黨相扶，害忠隱賢。 願陛下簡文將之臣。 各勤其官，州牧督將，藩鎮方外，公卿尚書，務修仁化，上助陛下，下拯黎民，各盡其忠，拾貴萬一。 則康哉之歌作，刑錯之理清。 願陛下留神思臣愚言。
Tang of Shang found ministers among traders, Huan of Qi promoted a wheelwright's son, Wu of Zhou lifted men who carried fuel, and Han raised generals from the ranks of slaves. Wise rulers choose talent without fretting over humble birth. Their deeds filled the histories; they did not pick favorites for a pretty face, a clever tongue, or a flattering smile. Today's palace favorites sit in offices they cannot fill, shoulder tasks beyond their strength, fail to steady the age, and move in cliques that silence good men. I beg you to appoint proven civil and military officers. Charge every governor, regional commander, frontier marshal, and minister of state to devote himself to humane rule, aid you above, succor the people below, and speak the truth however slight the chance of being heard. Then we may hear again the hymn of a well-ordered age, and the law will rest unused in its scabbard. I pray you weigh these blunt words with care.
14
時殿上列將何定佞巧便辟，貴幸任事。 凱面責定曰：“卿見前後事主不忠，傾亂國政，寧有得以壽終者邪！ 何以專為佞邪，穢塵天聽？ 宜自改厲。 不然，方見卿有不測之禍矣。” 定大恨凱，思中傷之，凱終不以為意，乃心公家，義形於色，表疏皆指事不飾，忠懇內發。
Among the palace generals He Ding was a sycophant, smooth and servile, yet trusted with power. Lu Kai confronted him: You have watched faithless ministers overturn state after state—did a single one die in his bed? Why must you trade in deceit and clog the ruler's ears? Reform yourself while there is time. Otherwise you will soon meet a reckoning you do not expect. He Ding nursed a deep grudge and looked for revenge; Lu Kai ignored it, kept the common good in mind, let his sense of duty show on his face, and wrote every memorial plain fact without varnish, loyalty speaking straight from the heart.
15
子禕。 初為黃門侍郎，出領部曲，拜偏將軍。 凱亡後，入為太子中庶子。 右國史華核表薦禕曰："禕體質方剛，器干強固，董率之才，魯肅不過。 及被召當下，逕還赴都，道由武昌，曾不回顧，器械軍資，一無所取，在戎果毅，臨財有節。 夫夏口，賊之沖要，直選名將以鎮戍之，臣竊思惟，莫善於禕。"
He had a son, Lu Yi. Lu Yi first served as gentleman attendant at the yellow gates, then took command of a private corps and was named major general. After Lu Kai's death he entered the heir apparent's household as palace attendant. Right Historian Hua He memorialized: Lu Yi is square-built and resolute, stout in frame and judgment; in the ability to command troops even Lu Su would not exceed him. When recalled from the south he marched straight to the capital, passed through Wuchang without a backward glance, and touched none of the materiel stacked there—bold in the field, restrained before gain. Xiakou is the enemy's critical throat; it demands a proven commander, and in my judgment none suits the post better than Lu Yi.
16
予連從荊、揚來者得凱所諫皓二十事，博問吳人，多雲不聞凱有此表。 又按其文殊甚切直，恐非皓之所能容忍也。 或以為凱藏之篋笥，未敢宣行，病困，皓遣董朝省問欲言，因以付之。 虛實難明，故不著於篇，然愛其指擿皓事，足為後戒，故抄列於《凱傳》左雲。
I, Pei Songzhi, gathered from travelers out of Jing and Yang Lu Kai's twenty remonstrances to Sun Hao, yet when I asked Wu natives most said they had never seen such a memorial. The language is fiercely blunt—hardly something Sun Hao could have stomached. Some suppose Lu Kai locked the text in a coffer until, on his deathbed, Sun Hao sent Dong Chao to ask his final counsel, and only then did he pass the papers on. The facts cannot be settled, so I omit it from the main narrative; still, because its barbs at Sun Hao may warn posterity, I append the text beside Lu Kai's biography as follows.
17
皓遣親近趙欽口詔報凱前表曰：“孤動必遵先帝，有何不平？ 君所諫非也。 又建業宮不利，故避之，而西宮室宇摧朽，須謀移都，何以不可徙乎？” 凱上疏曰：
Sun Hao sent his favorite Zhao Qin with an oral reply to Lu Kai's earlier memorial: Every move I make follows the late emperor—where is the injustice? Your objections miss the mark. The Jianye palace is ill-omened, which is why I avoid it; the western halls are rotting, so a change of capital is under discussion—why should I not move? Lu Kai answered with another memorial:
18
臣竊見陛下執政以來，陰陽不調，五星失晷，職司不忠，奸黨相扶，是陛下不遵先帝之所致。 〈江表传载凯此表曰：「臣拜受明诏，心与气结。 陛下何心之难悟，意不聪之甚也！」〉 夫王者之興，受之於天，修之由德，豈在宮乎？ 而陛下不咨之公輔，便盛意驅馳，六軍流離悲懼，逆犯天地，天地以災，童歌其謠。 縱令陛下一身得安，百姓愁勞，何以用治？ 此不遵選帝一也；
Since Your Majesty began to rule, heaven and earth have fallen out of tune, the five planets stray from their courses, officials grow corrupt, and cabals thrive—because Your Majesty has turned his back on the late emperor's example. 〈The Jiangbiao zhuan quotes this memorial as opening: "I bow to receive your edict, my heart choked with grief. How can Your Majesty's mind remain so closed, your understanding so dim?"〉" A kingly house receives its mandate from Heaven and is built on virtue, not on bricks and timber. You refuse the counsel of your ministers, drive the hosts on frantic marches, and offend heaven and earth—so prodigies appear and children sing their rhymes. Even if you alone stay safe, the people are worn down with care—how can that be called rule? This is the first way in which you ignore the late emperor's example;
19
臣聞有國以賢為本，夏殺龍逢，殷獲伊摯。 斯前世之明效，今日之師表也。 中常侍王蕃黃中通理，處朝忠謇，斯社稷之重鎮，大吳之龍逢也，而陛下忿其苦辭，惡其直對，梟之殿堂，屍骸暴棄。 邦內傷心，有識悲悼，咸以吳國夫差復存，先帝親賢，陛下反之，是陛下不遵先帝二也；
They say a state stands on worthy men: Xia slew Long Pang, yet Yin won Yi Yin. That is the ancient lesson and our mirror today. Wang Fan, the palace attendant, was a man of inner integrity and clear judgment, loyal and blunt in council—the very pillar of Wu, your Long Pang—yet you resented his plain speech, loathed his candor, had him executed in open court, and left his body unburied. The whole court grieved; men said King Fuchai of Wu had come again. The late emperor cherished worth; you do the opposite—this is the second way you abandon his model;
20
臣聞宰相國之柱也，不可不強，是故漢有蕭、曹之佐，先帝有顧、步之相。 而萬彧瑣才凡庸之質，昔從家隸，超步紫闥，於彧已豐，於器已溢，而陛下愛其細介，不訪大趣，榮以尊輔，越尚舊臣。 賢良憤惋，智士赫吒，是不遵先帝三也；
The chancellor is a state's pillar and must be strong: Han had Xiao He and Cao Shen; our late emperor relied on Gu Yong and Bu Zhi. Wan Yu is a mediocrity who rose from a household slave to the purple gates—more than his talents can bear—yet you dote on his small virtues, ignore the larger picture, make him chief minister, and seat him above veterans. Good men boil with resentment and wise officers gnash their teeth—this is the third betrayal of your father's way;
21
先帝愛民過於嬰孩，民無妻者以妾妻之，見單衣者以帛給之，枯骨不收而取埋之。 而陛下反之，是不理先帝四也；
The late emperor loved the people like infants: he married widowers to palace ladies, gave cloth to the poorly clad, and ordered stray bones gathered for burial. You do the opposite—this is the fourth breach;
22
昔桀、紂滅由妖婦，幽、厲亂在嬖妾，先帝鑒之，以為身戒。 故左右不置淫邪之色，後房無曠積之女。 今中宮萬數，不備嬪嬙，外多鰥夫，女吟於中。 風雨逆度，正由此起，是不遵帝先五也；
Jie and Zhou fell to sorceresses, You and Li to favorite concubines; the late emperor took warning. He kept no debauchery at his side and filled no inner chambers beyond need. Your inner palaces hold thousands, yet you still press the countryside for more women while countless men outside lack wives and the harem itself groans with neglect. Heaven's weather turns violent for good reason—this is the fifth departure from your father's standard;
23
先帝憂勞萬機，猶懼有失。 陛下臨阼以來，遊戲後宮，眩惑婦女，乃令庶事多曠，下吏容奸，是不遵先帝六也；
The late emperor wore himself out over every detail of government and still feared mistakes. Since you took the throne you have dallied in the harem, dazzled by women, let affairs of state pile up undone, and allowed underlings to grow corrupt—this is the sixth betrayal;
24
先帝篤尚樸素，服不純麗，宮無高台，物不雕飾，故國富民充，奸盜不作。 而陛下徵調州郡，竭民財力，士被玄黃，宮有朱紫，是不遵先帝七也；
He prized simplicity—plain dress, low halls, undecorated tools—so the state grew rich and theft ceased. You tax the commanderies dry, clothe soldiers in costly dyes, and paint the palace in vermilion and purple—this is the seventh break with his rule;
25
先帝外仗顧、陸、朱、張，內近胡綜、薛綜是以庶績雍熙。 邦內情肅。 今者外非其任，內非其人，陳聲、曹輔，斗筲小吏，先帝之所棄，而陛下幸之，是不遵先帝八也。
Outwardly he trusted Gu Yong, Lu Xun, Zhu Ran, and Zhang Zhao; inwardly he relied on Hu Zong and Xue Zong—so government ran clear. Within the realm discipline held firm. Today the wrong men hold border commands and the wrong faces fill the court—Chen Sheng and Cao Fu, petty clerks your father dismissed, bask in your favor. That is the eighth fault.
26
先帝每宴見群臣，抑損醇 （酉農） ，臣下終日無失慢之尤，百寮庶尹，並展所陳。 而陛下拘以視瞻之敬，懼以不盡之酒。 夫酒以成札，過則敗德，此無異商辛長夜之飲也，是不遵先帝九也；
Whenever the late emperor feasted with his ministers he limited strong wine , so that no courtier ended the day in drunken discourtesy; every official could speak his mind. You bind them with cold stares and frighten them with endless toasts. Wine should seal courtesy; excess destroys virtue—no better than King Zhou of Shang drinking the long night away. This is the ninth fault;
27
昔漢之桓、靈，親近宦豎。 大失民心。 今高通、詹廉、羊度，黃門小人，而陛下賞以重爵，權以戰兵。 若江渚有難，烽燧互起，則度等之武不能禦侮明也，是不遵先帝十也；
Emperors Huan and Ling of Han cuddled up to eunuchs. They lost the people entirely. Yet you heap high rank on the yellow-gate favorites Gao Tong, Zhan Lian, and Yang Du and hand them soldiers. Should the river line flare with alarm, those men plainly lack the steel to meet an enemy—this is the tenth fault;
28
今宮女曠積，而黃門復走州郡，條牒民女，有錢則捨，無錢則取，怨呼道路，母子死訣，是不遵先之十一也；
The harem swells while eunuchs scour the provinces for girls—rich families buy their daughters back, poor families watch them dragged away to weeping on the roads. This is the eleventh fault;
29
先帝在時，亦養諸王太子，若取乳母，其夫復役，賜與錢財，給其資糧，時遣歸來，視其弱息。 今則不然，夫婦生離，夫故作役，兒從後死，家為空戶，是不遵先帝十二也；
When wet nurses served the princes, their husbands were excused from labor, given stipends, and sent home now and then to tend their infants. Now husbands and wives are split apart, men are worked to death, children die in their wake, and homes are left empty—this is the twelfth fault;
30
先帝歎曰：‘國以民為本，民以食為天，衣其次也，三者，孤存之於心。 ’今則不然，農桑並廢，是不遵先帝十三也；
He used to sigh, "The state rests on the people, the people on grain, then on clothing—I keep these three in my heart." Today farming and weaving alike lie in ruins—that is the thirteenth fault;
31
先帝簡士，不拘卑賤，任之鄉閭，效之於事，舉者不虛，受者不妄。 今則不然，浮華者登，朋黨者進，是不遵先帝十四也；
He chose men for talent, not birth, tried them in local office, and never handed out empty appointments. Now glitter wins promotion and cliques take office—the fourteenth fault;
32
先帝戰士，不給他役，使春惟知農，秋惟收稻，江渚有事，責其死效。 今之戰士，供給眾役，廩賜不贍，是不遵先帝十五也；
His soldiers were spared odd jobs: spring meant plowing, autumn meant harvest; only when the river frontier called did he ask their lives. Today's troops run a hundred errands while pay and grain fall short—the fifteenth fault;
33
夫賞以勸功，罰以禁邪，賞罰不中，則士民散失。 今江邊將士，死不見哀，勞不見賞，是不遵先帝十六也；
Rewards should spur merit and punishments check crime; when neither hits the mark, officers and commoners alike lose heart. The men who guard the Yangzi die unmourned and labor unrewarded—the sixteenth fault;
34
今在所監司，民為煩猥，兼有內使，擾亂其中，一民十吏，何以堪命?昔景帝時，交阯反亂，實由茲起，是為遵景帝之闕，不遵先帝十七也；
Local inspectors harrow the people, and palace agents stir trouble within—ten clerks for every household. How can the people endure? Jiaozhi rose under Emperor Jing for just such reasons. You copy Jing's error, not your father's way—that is the seventeenth count.
35
夫校事，吏民之仇也。 先帝末年，雖有呂壹、錢欽，尋皆誅夷，以謝百姓。 今復張立校曹，縱吏言事，是不遵先帝之十八也；
Palace investigators are the natural enemies of every official and commoner. Even in his father's last days, when Lü Yi and Qian Qin appeared, they were soon put to death to satisfy public outrage. You have revived the spy bureau and unleashed informers—that is the eighteenth departure from your father's rule;
36
先帝時，居宮者咸久於其位，然後考績黜陟。 今州縣職司，或蒞政無幾，便徵召遷轉，迎新送舊，紛壇道路，傷財害民，於是為甚，是不遵先帝十九也；
His ministers served long terms before merit reviews moved them up or down. Today magistrates barely take their seats before orders shunt them elsewhere; the endless parade of comings and goings wastes coin and tortures the people as never before—the nineteenth fault;
37
先帝每察竟解之奏，常留心推按，是以獄無冤囚，死者吞聲。 今則違之，是不遵先帝二十也。
He read every closing report with care, so no innocent languished in jail and the condemned had nothing left to protest. You have abandoned that practice—the twentieth fault.
38
若臣言可錄，藏之盟府。 如其虛妄，治臣之罪。 願陛下留意。
If my advice deserves keeping, seal it in the state archives. If it is hollow slander, punish me alone. I beg you to weigh these words.
39
〈江表传曰：皓所行弥暴，凯知其将亡，上表曰：
〈The Jiangbiao zhuan records that as Sun Hao's tyranny deepened, Lu Kai, seeing the end approach, presented this memorial:
40
臣闻恶不可积，过不可长； 积恶长过，丧乱之源也。 是以古人惧不闻非，故设进善之旌，立敢谏之鼓。 武公九十，思闻警戒，诗美其德，士悦其行。 臣察陛下无思警戒之义，而有积恶之渐，臣深忧之，此祸兆见矣。 故略陈其要，写尽愚怀。 陛下宜克己复礼，述脩前德，不可捐弃臣言，而放奢意。 意奢情至，吏日欺民； 民离则上不信下，下当疑上，骨肉相克，公子相奔。 臣虽愚，闇於天命，以心审之，败不过二十稔也。 臣常忿亡国之人夏桀、殷纣，亦不可使后人复忿陛下也。 臣受国恩，奉朝三世，复以餘年，值遇陛下，不能循俗，与众沈浮。 若比干、伍员，以忠见戮，以正见疑，自谓毕足，无所餘恨，灰身泉壤，无负先帝，原陛下九思，社稷存焉。
Your servant has heard that wickedness must not be hoarded nor errors left to grow; Accumulated vice and lengthened faults are the wellspring of ruin. Hence the ancients dreaded ignorance of their faults and set out banners for good advice and drums for blunt counsel. Duke Wu of Wei at ninety still longed for reproof; the Odes praise his virtue and knights admired his conduct. I see in you no taste for caution, only the steady growth of wrongdoing; the portents of collapse are already plain. I therefore sketch the essentials and lay bare my foolish heart. You should master yourself, return to the rites, and walk again in the virtue of your fathers—do not cast aside this counsel while chasing extravagance. When desire runs wild, clerks daily cheat the people; Once the people drift away, ruler and ruled cease to trust each other, kin turn on kin, and royal sons flee for their lives. I am a dull man, yet even without reading Heaven's will I judge that ruin will overtake us within twenty years. I have always hated how men curse Jie and Zhou of the lost dynasties—I cannot bear to hear posterity curse you in the same breath. The state has favored me through three reigns; in my old age I find myself your subject, yet I cannot drift with the corrupt customs of the age. If, like Bigan or Wu Zixu, I die for loyalty or fall under suspicion for candor, I will count my life well spent and go to my grave without shame before your father. I beg you to ponder this again and again—the altars themselves hang in the balance.
41
初，皓始起宫，凯上表谏，不听，凯重表曰：
When Sun Hao first broke ground on new palaces, Lu Kai remonstrated and was ignored; he submitted a second, stronger memorial:
42
臣闻宫功当起，夙夜反侧，是以频烦上事，往往留中，不见省报，於邑叹息，企想应罢。 昨食时，被诏曰：『君所谏，诚是大趣，然未合鄙意，如何？ 此宫殿不利，宜当避之，乃可以妨劳役，长坐不利宫乎？ 父之不安，子亦何倚？』 臣拜纸诏，伏读一周，不觉气结於胸，而涕泣雨集也。 臣年已六十九，荣禄已重，於臣过望，复何所冀？ 所以勤勤数进苦言者，臣伏念大皇帝创基立业，劳苦勤至，白发生於鬓肤，黄耇被於甲胄。 天下始静，晏驾早崩，自含息之类，能言之伦，无不歔欷，如丧考妣。 幼主嗣统，柄在臣下，军有连征之费，民有彫残之损。 贼臣干政，公家空竭。 今强敌当涂，西州倾覆，孤罢之民，宜当畜养，广力肆业，以备有虞。 且始徙都，属有军征，战士流离，州郡骚扰，而大功复起，徵召四方，斯非保国致治之渐也。 臣闻为人主者，攘灾以德，除咎以义。 故汤遭大旱，身祷桑林，荧惑守心，宋景退殿，是以旱魃销亡，妖星移舍。 今宫室之不利，但当克己复礼，笃汤、宋之至道，愍黎庶之困苦，何忧宫之不安，灾之不销乎？ 陛下不务脩德，而务筑宫室，若德之不脩，行之不贵，虽殷辛之瑶台，秦皇之阿房，何止而不丧身覆国，宗庙作墟乎？ 夫兴土功，高台榭，既致水旱，民又多疾，其不疑也？ 为父长安，使子无倚，此乃子离於父，臣离於陛下之象也。 臣子一离，虽念克骨，茅茨不翦，复何益焉？ 是以大皇帝居于南宫，自谓过於阿房。 故先朝大臣，以为宫室宜厚，备卫非常，大皇帝曰：『逆虏游魂，当爱育百姓，何聊趣於不急？』 然臣下恳恻，由不获已，故裁调近郡，苟副众心，比当就功，犹豫三年。 当此之时，寇钞慑威，不犯我境，师徒奔北，且西阻岷、汉，南州无事，尚犹冲让，未肯筑宫，况陛下危恻之世，又乏大皇帝之德，可不虑哉？ 原陛下留意，臣不虚言。〉
I learned that construction was to begin and have lain awake nights worrying; my petitions pile up in the inner palace unanswered, and I can only sigh, hoping the work will cease. Yesterday at dinner your written reply reached me: Your advice goes to the heart of the matter, yet it misses my own concern—how can that be? This hall is ill-omened, so I should move aside—does that mean I may spare the people labor, or must I sit forever in an unlucky house? When the father's house stands unsafe, what can the son lean on? I knelt over your letter and read it once; before I knew it my chest tightened and tears streamed down. I am sixty-nine; honor and salary already exceed anything I dared hope for—what more could I want? I speak harshly again and again because I remember how the Grand Emperor built this realm in armor, his temples turning white with the strain. Peace had barely come when he died young; every creature that breathes, every tongue that speaks, wept as for a parent. The boy emperor succeeded while power sat with his ministers; armies marched again and again and the people were mauled by war. Rebellious ministers seized the government and emptied the state coffers. A great enemy bars our path while Shu has fallen; Wu's exhausted people need rest and a chance to rebuild, not new levies, if we are to meet whatever comes next. You have hardly moved the capital before fresh campaigns scatter the troops and roil the commanderies—and now another vast project conscripts the realm. That is no way to steady the state. They say a true king turns disaster aside with virtue and lifts guilt through justice. Tang ended a drought by fasting under the mulberry trees; Song's Duke Jing averted Mars from the "heart" asterism by canceling court—so calamity melted away. If the halls are unlucky, discipline yourself, follow the model of Tang and Song, and pity the people's pain—then the buildings will quiet and the omens fade without moving a timber. You labor at brick and mortar instead of virtue; without moral rule, not even King Zhou's jade towers or Qin Shihuang's Epang could save you from death, ruin, and a temple in ashes. Great construction invites flood and drought and breeds sickness among the people—need the lesson be spelled out? To secure the father in the capital while the heir has no foothold is the very image of sons torn from fathers and ministers torn from their lord. Once that bond is broken, grief can wear the bones white and huts go untended—what good then? So the Grand Emperor lived in the South Palace and admitted even that hall was grander than Epang merited. His old ministers urged stouter walls and stronger guards; the Grand Emperor answered, "The foe is a fleeing wraith—we must nurture the people, not waste zeal on trifles." They pressed him until he yielded, levying only the nearest districts to meet their wishes—yet even then he delayed three years before a brick was laid. Enemies dared not cross our border, northern armies fled, the west was blocked by mountains, and the south was still—yet he still held back from building. How much more should you, in graver straits and lesser virtue, think twice? I beg you to listen: not one word here is hollow.〉
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弟胤
His younger brother: Lu Yin.
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胤字敬宗，凱弟也。 始為御史、尚書選曹郎，太子和聞其名，待以殊禮。 會全寄、楊竺等阿附魯王霸，與和分爭，陰相譖構，胤坐收下獄，楚毒備至，終無他辭。 〈吴录曰：太子自惧黜废，而鲁王觊觎益甚。 权时见杨竺，辟左右而论霸之才，竺深述霸有文武英姿，宜为嫡嗣，於是权乃许立焉。 有给使伏于床下，具闻之，以告太子。 胤当至武昌，往辞太子。 太子不见，而微服至其车上，与共密议，欲令陆逊表谏。 既而逊有表极谏，权疑竺泄之，竺辞不服。 权使竺出寻其由，竺白顷惟胤西行，必其所道。 又遣问逊何由知之，逊言胤所述。 召胤考问，胤为太子隐曰：「杨竺向臣道之。」 遂共为狱。 竺不胜痛毒，服是所道。 初权疑竺泄之，及服，以为果然，乃斩竺。〉 後為衡陽督軍都尉。 赤烏十一年，交阯九真夷賊攻沒城邑，交部騷動。 以胤為交州刺史、安南校尉。 胤入南界，喻以恩信，務祟招納，高涼渠帥黃吳等支黨三千餘家皆出降。 引軍而南，重宣至誠，遺以財幣。 賊帥百餘人，民五萬餘家，深幽不羈，莫不稽顙，交域清泰。 就加安南將軍。 復討蒼梧建陵賊，破之，前後出兵八千餘人，以充軍用。
Lu Yin, courtesy name Jingzong, was Lu Kai's younger brother. He began as censor and personnel clerk in the secretariat; Crown Prince He, hearing his reputation, treated him with exceptional respect. When Quan Ji, Yang Zhu, and others toadied to Prince Ba of Lu and intrigued against He, Lu Yin was caught in the crossfire, thrown into prison, and tortured without ever changing his story. 〈The Wu lu records that Crown Prince He lived in fear of deposition while Prince Ba's ambition swelled. Once Sun Quan received Yang Zhu alone, sent attendants away, and discussed Prince Ba's merits; Zhu argued that Ba had both civil and military gifts and deserved the succession, and Sun Quan agreed to name him heir. A page hid under the couch, heard every word, and carried the news to the crown prince. When Lu Yin was leaving for Wuchang, he called to bid the crown prince farewell. The prince refused him audience, then slipped out in disguise to Lu Yin's carriage, where they plotted to have Lu Xun memorialize against the change. Lu Xun soon sent a fierce memorial; Sun Quan suspected Yang Zhu had leaked the plan, but Zhu denied it. Sun Quan sent Zhu to trace the leak; Zhu reported that only Lu Yin had recently gone west—the secret must have passed through him. Asked how he knew, Lu Xun said Lu Yin had told him. Lu Yin was summoned; to shield the crown prince he said, "Yang Zhu told me." They then framed a joint accusation. Yang Zhu broke under torture and admitted what he had said. Sun Quan had doubted Zhu at first; when he confessed, Sun Quan believed him and had Zhu executed.〉 He was later named commandant who supervises the army at Hengyang. In the eleventh year of Chiwu (248) tribal rebels in Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen seized towns and threw the south into chaos. Lu Yin was appointed inspector of Jiao Province and colonel who pacifies the south. South of the border he preached good faith and welcomed submission; Huang Wu of Gaoliang and more than three thousand allied households yielded. He marched south, renewed his pledge of good faith, and distributed coin and silk. Over a hundred chieftains and fifty thousand hidden households submitted; Jiao was pacified. He was promoted to general who pacifies the south. He crushed the Cangwu bandits at Jianling and drafted more than eight thousand men into the army.
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永安元年，徵為西陵督，封都亭侯，後轉左虎林。 中書丞華核表薦胤曰：
In the first year of Yongan (258) he was recalled to command Xiling and enfeoffed as village marquis of the capital precinct, then transferred to colonel of the left Tiger Forest guard. Hua He, aide in the secretariat, memorialized in Lu Yin's praise:
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胤天姿聰朗，才通行潔，昔歷選曹，遺跡可紀。 還在交州，奉宣朝恩，流民歸附，海隅肅清。 蒼梧、南海，歲有舊風瘴氣之害，風則折木，飛沙轉石，氣則霧郁，飛鳥不經。 自胤至州，風氣絕息，商旅平行，民無疾疫，田稼豐稔。 州治臨海，海流秋咸，胤又畜水，民得甘食。 惠風橫被，化感人神，遂憑天威，招合遺散。 至被詔書當出，民感其恩，以忘戀土，負老攜幼，甘心景從，眾無攜貳，不煩兵衛。 自諸將合眾，皆脅之以威，未有如胤結以恩信者也。 銜命在州，十有餘年，賓帶殊俗，寶玩所生，而內無粉黛附珠之妾，家無文甲犀象之珍，方之今臣，實難多得。 宜在輦轂，股肱王室，以贊唐虞康哉之頌。 江邊任輕，不盡其才，虎林選督，堪之者眾。 若召還都，寵以上司則天工畢修，庶績咸熙矣。
Lu Yin is quick and clear-minded, talented and upright; his record in the personnel bureau still speaks for him. In Jiao he spread the court's kindness, drew refugees back, and cleared the coast. Cangwu and Nanhai yearly suffered killing winds and miasma—gales that snapped trees and hurled stone, vapors so thick no bird flew through. After Lu Yin arrived the storms and miasmas stopped, trade flowed safely, plague vanished, and harvests flourished. The prefecture sits on the coast where autumn tides turn brackish; Lu Yin stored fresh water so the people could eat untainted grain. His humane influence spread on the wind of authority; trusting Heaven's power, he gathered the scattered. When the recall edict came, the people loved him so much they abandoned their homes without a second thought, old and young following willingly without need of escorting troops. Other generals herd men by fear; none has won them by kindness as Lu Yin did. He governed the south over a decade amid exotic wealth, yet kept no pearl-decked concubines and hoarded no ivory or fine pelts—few ministers today could match him. He belongs at court as a pillar of the throne, to help sing the hymn of Yao and Shun. River command is too light a duty for his gifts; many could fill the Tiger Forest colonelcy. Recall him to the capital with a weighty post and every branch of government will thrive.
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胤率，子式嗣。 為柴桑督、揚武將軍。 天策元年，與從兄禕俱徙建安。 天紀二年，召還建業，復將軍、候。
Lu Yin died, and his son Lu Shi inherited his rank. Lu Shi became colonel at Chaisang and general who displays martial prowess. In the first year of the Tiance era he was banished to Jian'an together with his cousin Lu Yi. In the second year of Tianji he was recalled to Jianye and restored as general and marquis.
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【評】
Appraisal
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評曰：潘浚公清害斷，陸凱忠壯質直，皆節概梗梗，有大丈夫格業。 胤身潔事濟，著稱南土，可謂良牧矣。
The historian judges Pan Jun incorruptible and resolute, Lu Kai loyal and blunt—both men of stubborn integrity and true husbandly stature. Lu Yin governed with a clean hand and real results, famed across the south—a model administrator.