1
晉唐叔虞者，周武王子而成王弟。 初，武王與叔虞母會時，夢天謂武王曰：「余命女生子，名虞，余與之唐。」 及生子，文在其手曰「虞」，故遂因命之曰虞。
Tang Shu Yu of Jin was a son of King Wu of Zhou and the younger brother of King Cheng. At first, when King Wu met Shu Yu's mother, he dreamed that Heaven said to him: 'I command the woman to bear a son. Name him Yu, and I will give him Tang.' When the child was born, the writing on his hand said 'Yu'. Therefore, they named him Yu.
2
武王崩，成王立，唐有亂，周公誅滅唐。 成王與叔虞戲，削桐葉為珪以與叔虞，曰：「以此封若。」 史佚因請擇日立叔虞。 成王曰：「吾與之戲耳。」 史佚曰：「天子無戲言。 言則史書之，禮成之，樂歌之。」 於是遂封叔虞於唐。 唐在河、汾之東，方百里，故曰唐叔虞。 姓姬氏，字子于。
King Wu died, and King Cheng ascended the throne. Tang rebelled, and the Duke of Zhou punished and destroyed it. King Cheng played with Shu Yu, carved a paulownia leaf into a gui to give him, and said: 'With this I enfeoff you.' Shi Yi then asked that an auspicious day be chosen to enfeoff Shu Yu. King Cheng said: 'I was only playing with him.' Shi Yi said: 'The Tianzi has no idle words. Once words are spoken, historians record them, rites complete them, and music gives them voice.' They then enfeoffed Shu Yu at Tang. Tang lay east of the Yellow River and the Fen River, in an area a hundred li square. Therefore, he was called Tang Shu Yu. His surname was Ji, and his courtesy name was Ziyu.
3
唐叔子燮，是為晉侯。 晉侯子寧族，是為武侯。 武侯之子服人，是為成侯。 成侯子福，是為厲侯。 厲侯之子宜臼，是為靖侯。 靖侯已來，年紀可推。 自唐叔至靖侯五世，無其年數。
Tangshu’s son Xie became Marquis of Jin. Marquis Xie of Jin’s son Ningzu became Marquis Wu. Marquis Wu’s son Furen became Marquis Cheng. Cheng Hou's son Fu became Li Hou. Marquis Li’s son Yijiu became Marquis Jing. From Marquis Jing onward, the chronology can be traced. From Tang Shu to Marquis Jing there were five generations, but their regnal years are not recorded.
4
靖侯十七年，周厲王迷惑暴虐，國人作亂，厲王出奔于彘，大臣行政，故曰「共和」。
In Jing Hou's seventeenth year, King Li of Zhou became reckless and cruel. The people rose in rebellion, and King Li fled to Zhi. The ministers governed in his place, and it was therefore called "Gonghe."
5
十八年，靖侯卒，子釐侯司徒立。 釐侯十四年，周宣王初立。 十八年，釐侯卒，子獻侯籍立。 獻侯十一年卒，子穆侯費王立。
In the eighteenth year, Jing Hou died, and his son Xi Hou Situ succeeded him. In the fourteenth year of Marquis Xi's reign, King Xuan of Zhou first ascended the throne. In the eighteenth year, Xi Hou died, and his son Xian Hou Ji succeeded him. Xian Hou died in his eleventh year, and his son Mu Hou Fei Wang succeeded him.
6
穆侯四年，取齊女姜氏為夫人。 七年，伐條。 生太子仇。 十年，伐千畝，有功。 生少子，名曰成師。 晉人師服曰：「異哉，君之命子也！ 太子曰仇，仇者讎也。 少子曰成師，成師大號，成之者也。 名自命也； 物自定也。 今適庶名反逆，此後晉其能毋亂乎？」
In Marquis Mu's fourth year, he took a woman of the Jiang clan from Qi as his wife. In the seventh year, he attacked Tiao. She gave birth to Crown Prince Qiu. In his tenth year, he attacked Qianmu and achieved merit. She gave birth to a younger son named Chengshi. A Jin man named Shi Fu said: 'How strange the lord's naming of his sons! The crown prince was named Qiu, which means ‘enemy. The younger son is called Chengshi. Chengshi is an imposing name, one that implies accomplishment. Names follow their own fate. Things establish themselves. Now the legitimate and secondary sons' names are reversed and contrary. From this point on, how could Jin avoid disorder?"
7
二十七年，穆侯卒，弟殤叔自立，太子仇出奔。 殤叔三年，周宣王崩。 四年，穆侯太子仇率其徒襲殤叔而立，是為文侯。
In the twenty-seventh year, Marquis Mu died. His younger brother Shang Shu set himself up as ruler, and Crown Prince Qiu fled. In Shangshu’s third year, King Xuan of Zhou died. In the fourth year, Marquis Mu's crown prince Qiu led his followers, attacked Shang Shu, and established himself as ruler; this was Marquis Wen.
8
文侯十年，周幽王無道，犬戎殺幽王，周東徙。 而秦襄公始列為諸侯。
In Marquis Wen's tenth year, King You of Zhou lacked the Way. The Quanrong killed King You, and Zhou moved east. Duke Xiang of Qin first received rank among the feudal lords.
9
三十五年，文侯仇卒，子昭侯伯立。
In the thirty-fifth year, Wen Hou Qiu died, and his son Zhao Hou Bo succeeded him.
10
昭侯元年，封文侯弟成師于曲沃。 曲沃邑大於翼。 翼，晉君都邑也。 成師封曲沃，號為桓叔。 靖侯庶孫欒賓相桓叔。 桓叔是時年五十八矣，好德，晉國之眾皆附焉。 君子曰：「晉之亂其在曲沃矣。 末大於本而得民心，不亂何待！」
In the first year of Marquis Zhao, he enfeoffed Marquis Wen's younger brother Chengshi at Quwo. The city of Quwo was larger than Yi. Yi was the Jin lord's capital city. Chengshi was enfeoffed at Quwo and styled Huan Shu. Luan Bin, a grandson by a concubine of Marquis Jing, assisted Huan Shu. Huan Shu at this time was fifty-eight years old and good at virtue. All the crowds of the Jin state attached themselves to him. A gentleman said: 'Jin's chaos is perhaps at Qu Wo. When the branch is larger than the root and obtains the people's heart, what can one wait for but chaos!'
11
七年，晉大臣潘父弒其君昭侯而迎曲沃桓叔。 桓叔欲入晉，晉人發兵攻桓叔。 桓叔敗，還歸曲沃。 晉人共立昭侯子平為君，是為孝侯。 誅潘父。
In the seventh year, the Jin minister Pan Fu assassinated his lord, Marquis Zhao, and welcomed Huan Shu of Quwo. Huan Shu wanted to enter Jin, but the people of Jin sent troops to attack him. Huan Shu was defeated and returned to Quwo. The Jin people jointly established Zhao Hou's son Ping as lord, who became Xiao Hou. They executed Pan Fu.
12
孝侯八年，曲沃桓叔卒，子胛桓叔，是為曲沃莊伯。 孝侯十五年，曲沃莊伯弒其君晉孝侯于翼。 晉人攻曲沃莊伯，莊伯復入曲沃。 晉人復立孝侯子郄為君，是為鄂侯。
In Xiao Hou's eighth year, Qu Wo's Huan Shu died. His son Jia succeeded the Huan Shu and became Qu Wo Zhuang Bo. In Xiao Hou's fifteenth year, Qu Wo Zhuang Bo assassinated his lord the Jin Xiao Hou at Yi. The people of Jin attacked Zhuang Bo of Quwo, and Zhuang Bo again entered Quwo. The people of Jin then established Marquis Xiao's son Xi as ruler; this was Marquis E.
13
鄂侯六年卒。 曲沃莊伯聞晉鄂侯卒，乃興兵伐晉。 周平王使虢公將兵伐曲沃莊伯，莊伯走保曲沃。 晉人共立鄂侯子光，是為哀侯。
E Hou died in his sixth year. Qu Wo Zhuang Bo heard that the Jin E Hou died, then raised troops to attack Jin. King Ping of Zhou made Guo Gong lead troops to attack Qu Wo Zhuang Bo. The Zhuang Bo fled to defend Qu Wo. The Jin people jointly established E Hou's son Guang, who became Ai Hou.
14
哀侯二年曲沃莊伯卒，子稱代莊伯立，是為曲沃武公。 哀侯六年，魯弒其君隱公。 哀侯八年，晉侵陘廷。 陘廷與曲沃武公謀，九年，伐晉于汾旁，虜哀侯。 晉人乃立哀侯子小子為君，是為小子侯。
In Ai Hou's second year, Qu Wo Zhuang Bo died. His son Cheng replaced the Zhuang Bo and ascended, becoming Qu Wo Wu Gong. In Marquis Ai’s sixth year, Lu assassinated its lord, Duke Yin. In Marquis Ai’s eighth year, Jin invaded Xingting. Xing Ting plotted with Duke Wu of Quwo. In the ninth year, they attacked Jin by the Fen River and captured Marquis Ai. The people of Jin then established Marquis Ai's son Xiaozi as ruler; this was Marquis Xiaozi.
15
小子元年，曲沃武公使韓萬殺所虜晉哀侯。 曲沃益彊，晉無如之何。
In Xiaozi's first year, Duke Wu of Quwo had Han Wan kill the captured Marquis Ai of Jin. Quwo grew increasingly powerful, and Jin had no way to deal with it.
16
晉小子之四年，曲沃武公誘召晉小子殺之。 周桓王使虢仲伐曲沃武公，武公入于曲沃，乃立晉哀侯弟緡為晉侯。
In Jin Xiao Zi's fourth year, Qu Wo Wu Gong lured and summoned the Jin Xiao Zi and killed him. King Huan of Zhou made Guo Zhong attack Qu Wo Wu Gong. Wu Gong entered Qu Wo. They then established Jin Ai Hou's younger brother Min as the Jin Hou.
17
晉侯緡四年，宋執鄭祭仲而立突為鄭君。 晉侯十九年，齊人管至父弒其君襄公。
In Jin Hou Min's fourth year, Song seized Zheng's Ji Zhong and established Tu as the Zheng's lord. In Jin Hou's nineteenth year, Qi's Guan Zhi Fu assassinated their lord the Duke Xiang.
18
晉侯二十八年，齊桓公始霸。 曲沃武公伐晉侯緡，滅之，盡以其寶器賂獻于周釐王。 釐王命曲沃武公為晉君，列為諸侯，於是盡併晉地而有之。
In Marquis Jin’s twenty-eighth year, Duke Huan of Qi began his hegemony. Qu Wo Wu Gong attacked Jin Hou Min and extinguished him. He completely bribed and presented his precious vessels to the King Xi of Zhou. King Xi commanded Duke Wu of Quwo to become lord of Jin and ranked him among the feudal lords. He then annexed all of Jin's territory and possessed it.
19
曲沃武公已即位三十七年矣，更號曰晉武公。 晉武公始都晉國，前即位曲沃，通年三十八年。
Qu Wo Wu Gong had already ascended for thirty-seven years. He changed his title to the Jin Wu Gong. Duke Wu of Jin then began to make his capital in Jin. Counting his earlier years at Quwo before taking the Jin throne, his reign totaled thirty-eight years.
20
武公稱者，先晉穆侯曾孫也，曲沃桓叔孫也。 桓叔者，始封曲沃。 武公，莊伯子也。 自桓叔初封曲沃以至武公滅晉也，凡六十七歲，而卒代晉為諸侯。 武公代晉二歲，卒。 與曲沃通年，即位凡三十九年而卒。 子獻公詭諸立。
The ruler called Duke Wu was a great-grandson of Marquis Mu of Jin and a grandson of Huan Shu of Quwo. Huan Shu was the first to be enfeoffed at Quwo. Wu Gong was Zhuang Bo's son. From Huan Shu's initial enfeoffment at Qu Wo until Wu Gong extinguished Jin, altogether sixty-seven years, and he finally replaced Jin as the feudal lord. Duke Wu replaced the Jin line for two years and then died. With the Qu Wo total years, he ascended for altogether thirty-nine years and died. His son Duke Xian Gui Zhu succeeded him.
21
獻公元年，周惠王弟穨攻惠王，惠王出奔，居鄭之櫟邑。
In Duke Xian's first year, King Hui of Zhou's younger brother Sui attacked King Hui. King Hui fled and resided in the Zheng's Li Yi.
22
五年，伐驪戎，得驪姬、驪姬弟，俱愛幸之。
In the fifth year, he attacked the Li Rong and took Li Ji and her younger sister. He loved and favored them both.
23
八年，士蒍說公曰：「故晉之群公子多，不誅，亂且起。」 乃使盡殺諸公子，而城聚都之，命曰絳，始都絳。 九年，晉群公子既亡奔虢，虢以其故再伐晉，弗克。 十年，晉欲伐虢，士蒍曰：「且待其亂。」
In the eighth year, Shi Wei persuaded the gong and said: 'The former Jin's group of princes are many. If they are not executed, chaos is about to rise.' He then had all the princes killed, built walls around the gathered settlement, named it Jiang, and first made Jiang his capital. In the ninth year, Jin's group of princes had already fled to Guo. Guo, because of this reason, again attacked Jin but did not conquer. In the tenth year, Jin wanted to attack Guo. Shi Wei said: 'Wait until disorder breaks out among them.'
24
十二年，驪姬生奚齊。 獻公有意廢太子，乃曰：「曲沃吾先祖宗廟所在，而蒲邊秦，屈邊翟，不使諸子居之，我懼焉。」 於是使太子申生居曲沃，公子重耳居蒲，公子夷吾居屈。 獻公與驪姬子奚齊居絳。 晉國以此知太子不立也。 太子申生，其母齊桓公女也，曰齊姜，早死。 申生同母女弟為秦穆公夫人。 重耳母，翟之狐氏女也。 夷吾母，重耳母女弟也。 獻公子八人，而太子申生、重耳、夷吾皆有賢行。 及得驪姬，乃遠此三子。
In the twelfth year, Li Ji gave birth to Xiqi. Duke Xian intended to depose the crown prince, and said: 'Quwo is where my first ancestor's ancestral temple stands, while Pu borders Qin and Qu borders Di. If I do not have the princes live there, I am afraid.' He then placed Crown Prince Shen Sheng in Quwo, Prince Chong Er in Pu, and Prince Yiwu in Qu. Duke Xian lived at Jiang with Li Ji and her son Xiqi. From this, the people of Jin knew that the crown prince would not be established. Crown Prince Shen Sheng's mother was the daughter of Duke Huan of Qi, called Qi Jiang. She died early. Shen Sheng's younger sister by the same mother became Duke Mu of Qin's wife. Chong Er's mother was a woman of the Hu clan of the Di. Yiwu’s mother was the younger sister of Chong’er’s mother. Duke Xian had eight sons, and Crown Prince Shen Sheng, Chong Er, and Yiwu all had worthy conduct. After he obtained Li Ji, he began to distance these three sons.
25
十六年，晉獻公作二軍。 公將上軍，太子申生將下軍，趙夙御戎，畢萬為右，伐滅霍，滅魏，滅耿。 還，為太子城曲沃，賜趙夙耿，賜畢萬魏，以為大夫。 士蒍曰：「太子不得立矣。 分之都城，而位以卿，先為之極，又安得立！ 不如逃之，無使罪至。 為吳太伯，不亦可乎，猶有令名。」 太子不從。 卜偃曰：「畢萬之後必大。 萬，盈數也； 魏，大名也。 以是始賞，天開之矣。 天子曰兆民，諸侯曰萬民，今命之大，以從盈數，其必有眾。」 初，畢萬卜仕於晉國，遇屯之比。 辛廖占之曰：「吉。 屯固比入，吉孰大焉。 其後必蕃昌。」
In the sixteenth year, Duke Xian of Jin formed two armies. The lord led the upper army, Crown Prince Shen Sheng the lower army. Zhao Su drove the chariot, Bi Wan served on the right, and they attacked and destroyed Huo, Wei, and Geng. On returning, he fortified Quwo for the crown prince. He granted Zhao Su Geng and Bi Wan Wei as fiefs, making them grand officers. Shi Wei said: 'The crown prince cannot be established. He has been removed from the capital and placed among the qing. Once the standard has been set, how can he still be established? It would be better to flee. Do not let guilt overtake him. To be like Tai Bo of Wu would also be acceptable. You would still have a good name.' The crown prince did not follow. Bu Yan said: 'Bi Wan's descendants must be great. Wan is a full number; Wei is a great name. Beginning the reward with this—heaven opened it. The Tian Zi is called myriad people, feudal lords are called ten thousand people. Now naming it great, to follow the full number, it must have a multitude.' Initially, Bi Wan divined about serving in the Jin state and encountered Tun of Bi. Xin Liao divined it and said: 'Auspicious. The hexagram Tun is firm, and Bi enters it. What omen could be more auspicious? Its descendants must flourish and prosper.'
26
十七年，晉侯使太子申生伐東山。 裏克諫獻公曰：「太子奉冢祀社稷之粢盛，以朝夕視君膳者也，故曰冢子。 君行則守，有守則從，從曰撫軍，守曰監國，古之制也。 夫率師，專行謀也； 誓軍旅，君與國政之所圖也：非太子之事也。 師在制命而已，稟命則不威，專命則不孝，故君之嗣適不可以帥師。 君失其官，率師不威，將安用之？」 公曰：「寡人有子，未知其太子誰立。」 裏克不對而退，見太子。 太子曰：「吾其廢乎？」 裏克曰：「太子勉之！ 教以軍旅，不共是懼，何故廢乎？ 且子懼不孝，毋懼不得立。 修己而不責人，則免於難。」 太子帥師，公衣之偏衣，佩之金玦。 裏克謝病，不從太子。 太子遂伐東山。
In the seventeenth year, the marquis of Jin sent Crown Prince Shensheng to attack Dongshan. Li Ke admonished Duke Xian and said: 'The crown prince provides the grain for the ancestral sacrifices and state altars, and oversees the lord's meals morning and evening. Therefore, he is called the eldest son. When the lord goes out, someone remains to guard the state, and when someone guards it, another follows the lord. Following him is called supporting the army; guarding the state is called overseeing the state. This is the ancient system. Leading troops means monopolizing command and planning; Swearing the army is something the lord and the state deliberate over: it is not the crown prince's concern. The troops exist to carry out commands. To receive commands is not to inspire awe, and to monopolize commands is not filial. Therefore, the lord's rightful heir cannot lead troops. If the lord loses his station and leads troops without inspiring awe, what use is that?' The gong said: 'I have sons, but I do not know which one will be established as crown prince.' Li Ke did not reply, withdrew, and went to see the crown prince. The crown prince said: 'Am I perhaps to be deposed?' Li Ke said: 'Crown prince, strive! You have been taught with armies, and you do not share this fear. Why would you be deposed? You should fear being unfilial, not fear failing to be named heir. Cultivate yourself and do not blame others, then you will avoid calamity.' The crown prince led the troops. The gong clothed him in a one-sided robe and belted him with a gold jue. Li Ke declined on grounds of illness and did not follow the crown prince. The crown prince then attacked Dong Shan.
27
十九年，獻公曰：「始吾先君莊伯、武公之誅晉亂，而虢常助晉伐我，又匿晉亡公子，果為亂。 弗誅，後遺子孫憂。」 乃使荀息以屈產之乘假道於虞。 虞假道，遂伐虢，取其下陽以歸。
In the nineteenth year, Duke Xian said: 'Beginning with my first lords Zhuang Bo and Wu Gong, who put down Jin's disorder, Guo often helped Jin attack us and again sheltered Jin princes who had fled. Indeed, they rebelled. If they are not executed, they will later leave descendants worry.' He then sent Xun Xi with the horses of Quchan to request passage through Yu. Yu granted passage. He then attacked Guo, took its Xia Yang, and returned.
28
獻公私謂驪姬曰：「吾欲廢太子，以奚齊代之。」 驪姬泣曰：「太子之立，諸侯皆已知之，而數將兵，百姓附之，柰何以賤妾之故廢適立庶？ 君必行之，妾自殺也。」 驪姬詳譽太子，而陰令人譖惡太子，而欲立其子。
Duke Xian privately told Li Ji and said: 'I desire to depose the crown prince and replace him with Xi Qi.' Li Ji wept and said: 'The crown prince's establishment is already known to all the feudal lords, and he has repeatedly led troops, so the common people are attached to him. How can you, for the sake of a lowly concubine, depose the legitimate son and establish the son of a concubine? If the lord must do it, this concubine will commit suicide.' Li Ji feigned praise for the crown prince, but secretly had people slander him, wishing to establish her own son.
29
二十一年，驪姬謂太子曰：「君夢見齊姜，太子速祭曲沃，歸釐於君。」 太子於是祭其母齊姜於曲沃，上其薦胙於獻公。 獻公時出獵，置胙於宮中。 驪姬使人置毒藥胙中。 居二日，獻公從獵來還，宰人上胙獻公，獻公欲饗之。 驪姬從旁止之，曰：「胙所從來遠，宜試之。」 祭地，地墳； 與犬，犬死； 與小臣，小臣死。 驪姬泣曰：「太子何忍也！ 其父而欲弒代之，況他人乎？ 且君老矣，旦暮之人，曾不能待而欲弒之！」 謂獻公曰：「太子所以然者，不過以妾及奚齊之故。 妾願子母辟之他國，若早自殺，毋徒使母子為太子所魚肉也。 始君欲廢之，妾猶恨之； 至於今，妾殊自失於此。」 太子聞之，奔新城。 獻公怒，乃誅其傅杜原款。 或謂太子曰：「為此藥者乃驪姬也，太子何不自辭明之？」 太子曰：「吾君老矣，非驪姬，寢不安，食不甘。 即辭之，君且怒之。 不可。」 或謂太子曰：「可奔他國。」 太子曰：「被此惡名以出，人誰內我？ 我自殺耳。」 十二月戊申，申生自殺於新城。
In the twenty-first year, Li Ji told the crown prince and said: 'The lord dreamed and saw Qi Jiang. Crown prince, quickly sacrifice at Qu Wo and return the blessing to the lord.' The crown prince then sacrificed to his mother Qi Jiang at Quwo and presented the sacrificial meat to Duke Xian. Duke Xian was away hunting at the time, so the meat was placed in the palace. Li Ji had people put poison in the meat. After staying two days, Duke Xian came back from hunting. The cook presented the meat to Duke Xian. Duke Xian desired to taste it. Li Ji from the side stopped him and said: 'The meat has come from far away. You should test it.' When they sacrificed to the earth, the earth rose; When they gave it to a dog, the dog died; He gave it to a minor attendant, and the attendant died. Li Ji wept and said: 'How cruel is the crown prince! He desires to assassinate and replace his own father. How much more so others? The lord is old and may die any day now, yet he cannot even wait and wants to assassinate him!' She told Duke Xian: 'The crown prince acts only because of this concubine and Xi Qi. I wish mother and son would avoid to another state. If we commit suicide early, we won't vainly let mother and son be butchered by the crown prince. At the beginning, when the lord desired to depose him, this concubine still resented it; Until now, this concubine especially has lost herself at this.' The crown prince heard of this and fled to Xincheng. Duke Xian was angered and executed his tutor, Du Yuankuan. Someone told the crown prince and said: 'The one who made this medicine was Li Ji. Crown prince, why do you not explain and clarify it yourself?' The crown prince said: 'My lord is old. Without Li Ji, he sleeps not peacefully and eats not sweetly. If I explain, the lord will only be angered by it. It is not permissible.' Someone told the crown prince and said: 'You can flee to another state.' The crown prince said: 'If I carry this evil name and leave, which people will accept me? I will commit suicide.' In the twelfth month, on wushen, Shen Sheng committed suicide at Xin Cheng.
30
此時重耳、夷吾來朝。 人或告驪姬曰：「二公子怨驪姬譖殺太子。」 驪姬恐，因譖二公子：「申生之藥胙，二公子知之。」 二子聞之，恐，重耳走蒲，夷吾走屈，保其城，自備守。 初，獻公使士蒍為二公子筑蒲、屈城，弗就。 夷吾以告公，公怒士蒍。 士蒍謝曰：「邊城少寇，安用之？」 退而歌曰：「狐裘蒙茸，一國三公，吾誰適從！」 卒就城。 及申生死，二子亦歸保其城。
At this time, Chong’er and Yiwu came to court. Someone told Li Ji and said: 'The two princes resent Li Ji for slandering and killing the crown prince.' Li Ji feared, therefore slandered the two princes: 'Shen Sheng's medicine meat, the two princes knew of it.' The two sons heard of this and were afraid. Chong Er fled to Pu and Yiwu fled to Qu, each holding his city and preparing his own defenses. Earlier, Duke Xian had ordered Shi Wei to build cities for the two princes at Pu and Qu, but he had not completed them. Yiwu told the duke about it, and the duke was angered at Shi Wei. Shi Wei apologized and said: 'The border cities have few bandits. Why use them?' He retreated and sang: 'The fox fur robe is bushy; one state has three lords. Whom should I follow!' He finally completed the cities. When Shensheng died, the two sons also returned and secured their cities.
31
二十二年，獻公怒二子不辭而去，果有謀矣，乃使兵伐蒲。 蒲人之宦者勃鞮命重耳促自殺。 重耳踰垣，宦者追斬其衣袪。 重耳遂奔翟。 使人伐屈，屈城守，不可下。
In the twenty-second year, Duke Xian was angered that the two sons left without bidding farewell. Indeed, they had a plot. He then sent troops to attack Pu. The eunuch Bo Di of Pu ordered Chong Er to commit suicide at once. Chong Er leaped over the wall, and the eunuch pursued him and cut off his sleeve. Chong Er then fled to Di. He sent people to attack Qu. The Qu city defended, and it could not be conquered.
32
是歲也，晉復假道於虞以伐虢。 虞之大夫宮之奇諫虞君曰：「晉不可假道也，是且滅虞。」 虞君曰：「晉我同姓，不宜伐我。」 宮之奇曰：「太伯、虞仲，太王之子也，太伯亡去，是以不嗣。 虢仲、虢叔，王季之子也，為文王卿士，其記勳在王室，藏於盟府。 將虢是滅，何愛于虞？ 且虞之親能親於桓、莊之族乎？ 桓、莊之族何罪，盡滅之。 虞之與虢，脣之與齒，脣亡則齒寒。」 虞公不聽，遂許晉。 宮之奇以其族去虞。 其冬，晉滅虢，虢公丑奔周。 還，襲滅虞，虜虞公及其大夫井伯百里奚以媵秦穆姬，而修虞祀。 荀息牽曩所遺虞屈產之乘馬奉之獻公，獻公笑曰：「馬則吾馬，齒亦老矣！」
That year, Jin again requested passage through Yu in order to attack Guo. Yu's grand officer Gong Zhi Qi admonished the Yu lord and said: 'Jin cannot be granted passage. This is about to extinguish Yu.' The Yu lord said: 'Jin and I share the same surname. It is not proper to attack me.' Gong Zhi Qi said: 'Tai Bo and Yu Zhong were the Tai Wang's sons. Tai Bo fled away, therefore he did not succeed. Guo Zhong and Guo Shu were Wang Ji's sons. They served as King Wen's qing shi. Their recorded merits are in the royal chamber, stored in the alliance treasury. If Guo will be extinguished, why cherish Yu? Can Yu's kinship be closer than that of the Huan and Zhuang clans? What wrong had the Huan and Zhuang clans done? They exterminated them completely. Yu and Guo are like lips and teeth. If the lips are gone, then the teeth will be cold.' The Duke of Yu did not listen and permitted Jin to pass. Gong Zhiqi left Yu with his clan. That winter, Jin destroyed Guo, and Duke Chou of Guo fled to Zhou. On the return, they made a surprise attack and destroyed Yu, capturing the duke of Yu and his grand officer Jing Bo Baili Xi. Baili Xi was sent to accompany Mu Ji of Qin, while Yu's sacrifices were maintained. Xun Xi led the previously left Yu Qu produced horses and presented them to Duke Xian. Duke Xian laughed and said: 'The horses are then my horses, but their teeth are also old!'
33
二十三年，獻公遂發賈華等伐屈，屈潰。 夷吾將奔翟。 冀芮曰：「不可，重耳已在矣，今往，晉必移兵伐翟，翟畏晉，禍且及。 不如走梁，梁近於秦，秦彊，吾君百歲後可以求入焉。」 遂奔梁。 二十五年，晉伐翟，翟以重耳故，亦擊晉於齧桑，晉兵解而去。
In the twenty-third year, Duke Xian sent Jia Hua and others to attack Qu, and Qu collapsed. Yiwu was about to flee to Di. Ji Rui said: 'It is not permissible. Chong Er is already there. If we go now, Jin must shift troops to attack Di. Di fears Jin, and the calamity is about to reach us. It would be better to flee to Liang. Liang is near Qin, and Qin is strong. After the lord's hundred years, we can seek to enter there.' He then fled to Liang. In the twenty-fifth year, Jin attacked the Di. Because of Chong Er, the Di also struck Jin at Niesang, and the Jin troops dispersed and withdrew.
34
當此時，晉彊，西有河西，與秦接境，北邊翟，東至河內。
At this time, Jin was powerful. To the west it held Hexi and bordered Qin; to the north it bordered the Di; to the east it reached Henei.
35
驪姬弟生悼子。
Li Ji’s younger sister gave birth to Daozi.
36
二十六年夏，齊桓公大會諸侯於葵丘。 晉獻公病，行後，未至，逢周之宰孔。 宰孔曰：「齊桓公益驕，不務德而務遠略，諸侯弗平。 君弟毋會，毋如晉何。」 獻公亦病，復還歸。 病甚，乃謂荀息曰：「吾以奚齊為後，年少，諸大臣不服，恐亂起，子能立之乎？」 荀息曰：「能。」 獻公曰：「何以為驗？」 對曰：「使死者復生，生者不慚，為之驗。」 於是遂屬奚齊於荀息。 荀息為相，主國政。 秋九月，獻公卒。 裏克、邳鄭欲內重耳，以三公子之徒作亂，謂荀息曰：「三怨將起，秦、晉輔之，子將何如？」 荀息曰：「吾不可負先君言。」 十月，裏克殺奚齊于喪次，獻公未葬也。 荀息將死之，或曰不如立奚齊弟悼子而傅之，荀息立悼子而葬獻公。 十一月，裏克弒悼子于朝，荀息死之。 君子曰：「詩所謂『白珪之玷，猶可磨也，斯言之玷，不可為也』，其荀息之謂乎！ 不負其言。」 初，獻公將伐驪戎，卜曰「齒牙為禍」。 及破驪戎，獲驪姬，愛之，竟以亂晉。
In the summer of the twenty-sixth year, Duke Huan of Qi held a great assembly of feudal lords at Kui Qiu. Duke Xian of Jin was ill. He went after them, but had not yet arrived when he met the Zhou's steward Kong. Steward Kong said: 'Duke Huan of Qi is increasingly arrogant. He does not attend to virtue but attends to distant strategies. The feudal lords are not content. Lord, do not assemble. There is nothing you can do about Jin.' Duke Xian was also ill and again returned home. When the illness became severe, he then told Xun Xi and said: 'I make Xi Qi my successor, but he is young in years. The ministers will not submit. I fear chaos will rise. Can you establish him?' Xun Xi said: 'I can.' Duke Xian said: 'What will serve as verification?' He replied and said: 'If the dead can revive and the living are not ashamed, that will serve as verification.' They then entrusted Xiqi to Xun Xi. Xun Xi became chancellor and controlled the government of the state. In autumn, in the ninth month, Duke Xian died. Li Ke and Pi Zheng desired to bring in Chong Er. With the three princes' followers making chaos, they told Xun Xi and said: 'Three resentments will rise, and Qin and Jin will help them. What will you do?' Xun Xi said: 'I cannot betray the former lord's words.' In the tenth month, Li Ke killed Xiqi beside the mourning bier, before Duke Xian had been buried. Xun Xi was about to die for it. Someone said it would be better to establish Xi Qi's younger brother Dao Zi and tutor him. Xun Xi established Dao Zi and buried the Duke Xian. In the eleventh month, Li Ke assassinated Daozi at court, and Xun Xi died for him. The gentleman said: 'The Shi says: 'A white gui's blemish can still be ground, but this word's blemish cannot be done.' This speaks of Xun Xi! He did not betray his words.' Initially, when Duke Xian was about to attack the Li Rong, the divination said 'teeth and fangs will become calamity'. When he defeated the Li Rong and took Li Ji, he loved her, and in the end she brought disorder to Jin.
37
裏克等已殺奚齊、悼子，使人迎公子重耳於翟，欲立之。 重耳謝曰：「負父之命出奔，父死不得修人子之禮侍喪，重耳何敢入！ 大夫其更立他子。」 還報裏克，裏克使迎夷吾於梁。 夷吾欲往，呂省、郤芮曰：「內猶有公子可立者而外求，難信。 計非之秦，輔彊國之威以入，恐危。」 乃使郤芮厚賂秦，約曰：「即得入，請以晉河西之地與秦。」 及遺裏克書曰：「誠得立，請遂封子於汾陽之邑。」 秦繆公乃發兵送夷吾於晉。 齊桓公聞晉內亂，亦率諸侯如晉。 秦兵與夷吾亦至晉，齊乃使隰朋會秦俱入夷吾，立為晉君，是為惠公。 齊桓公至晉之高梁而還歸。
Li Ke and others had already killed Xi Qi and Dao Zi. They sent people to welcome Prince Chong Er from the Di, desiring to establish him. Chong Er declined and said: 'I fled carrying my father's command. When my father died, I was unable to perform the rites of a son and attend the mourning. How would Chong Er dare enter! The grand officers should change and establish another son.' They returned and reported to Li Ke, who had them welcome Yiwu from Liang. Yiwu desired to go. Lu Sheng and Xi Rui said: 'Inside there are still princes who can be established, and yet we seek from the outside. This is difficult to trust. If the plan is not of Qin, and we help a strong state's might to enter, we fear danger.' Then he had Xi Rui heavily bribe Qin and make an agreement, saying: 'If we obtain entry, please give Jin's lands west of the Yellow River to Qin.' And he sent Li Ke a letter and said: 'If I truly obtain establishment, please then enfeoff you at the Fen Yang city.' Duke Mu of Qin then sent troops to send Yiwu to Jin. Duke Huan of Qi heard of Jin's internal chaos and also led the feudal lords to go to Jin. Qin troops escorting Yiwu also arrived in Jin. Qi then had Xi Peng meet with Qin so that they could bring Yiwu in together and establish him as Jin's lord. He became Duke Hui. Duke Huan of Qi arrived at Jin's Gao Liang and returned home.
38
惠公夷吾元年，使邳鄭謝秦曰：「始夷吾以河西地許君，今幸得入立。 大臣曰：『地者先君之地，君亡在外，何以得擅許秦者？』 寡人爭之弗能得，故謝秦。」 亦不與裏克汾陽邑，而奪之權。 四月，周襄王使周公忌父會齊、秦大夫共禮晉惠公。 惠公以重耳在外，畏裏克為變，賜裏克死。 謂曰：「微裏子寡人不得立。 雖然，子亦殺二君一大夫，為子君者不亦難乎？」 裏克對曰：「不有所廢，君何以興？ 欲誅之，其無辭乎？ 乃言為此！ 臣聞命矣。」 遂伏劍而死。 於是邳鄭使謝秦未還，故不及難。
In Duke Hui Yiwu's first year, he made Pi Zheng thank Qin and said: 'Beginning, Yiwu promised the lord the He Xi land. Now I have fortunately obtained entry and establishment. The ministers said: 'The land is the former lord's land. When the lord fled outside, how could you obtain the right to monopolize and promise it to Qin? I contended for it but could not obtain it. Therefore, I thank Qin.' He also failed to give Li Ke the city of Fenyang and stripped him of authority. In the fourth month, King Xiang of Zhou had the Duke of Zhou, Ji Fu, meet with the grand officers of Qi and Qin to perform the rituals for Duke Hui of Jin together. Because Chong Er was outside the state, Duke Hui feared that Li Ke would incite disorder and granted Li Ke death. He told him: 'Without Li Zi, I would not have been able to take the throne. Although, you also killed two lords and one grand officer. For the lord, is this not also difficult?' Li Ke replied and said: 'If there is nothing deposed, how can the lord rise? If you desire to execute him, does he not have words? Then I spoke for this reason, and now you desire to execute me! This minister has heard the command.' He then threw himself upon his sword and died. Pi Zheng's envoy to thank Qin had not yet returned, so he was not caught in the crisis.
39
晉君改葬恭太子申生。 秋，狐突之下國，遇申生，申生與載而告之曰：「夷吾無禮，余得請於帝，將以晉與秦，秦將祀余。」 狐突對曰：「臣聞神不食非其宗，君其祀毋乃絕乎？ 君其圖之。」 申生曰：「諾，吾將復請帝。 後十日，新城西偏將有巫者見我焉。」 許之，遂不見。 及期而往，復見，申生告之曰：「帝許罰有罪矣，弊於韓。」 兒乃謠曰：「恭太子更葬矣，後十四年，晉亦不昌，昌乃在兄。」
The ruler of Jin reburied the crown prince Gong Shensheng. In autumn, when Hu Tu was going down to the state, he met Shen Sheng. Shen Sheng rode with him and told him, saying: 'Yiwu is without ritual. I obtained a request from the Emperor. I will give Jin to Qin, and Qin will sacrifice to me.' Hu Tu replied and said: 'This minister has heard that spirits do not eat from those who are not their ancestral temple. Lord, will the sacrifices not be cut off? Lord, you should plan it.' Shen Sheng said: 'Yes, I will again request the Emperor. After ten days, at Xin Cheng's west side, there will be a shaman who sees me there.' He promised this, and then the spirit was not seen again. And at the time he went, he again saw him. Shen Sheng told him and said: 'The Emperor has permitted punishing the guilty. It will end at Han.' A child then sang: 'Crown Prince Gong has been reburied. After fourteen years, Jin will also not be prosperous. Prosperity will then be in the elder brother.'
40
邳鄭使秦，聞裏克誅，乃說秦繆公曰：「呂省、郤稱、冀芮實為不從。 若重賂與謀，出晉君，入重耳，事必就。」 秦繆公許之，使人與歸報晉，厚賂三子。 三子曰：「幣厚言甘，此必邳鄭賣我於秦。」 遂殺邳鄭及裏克、邳鄭之黨七輿大夫。 邳鄭子豹奔秦，言伐晉，繆公弗聽。
Pi Zheng was an envoy to Qin. When he heard that Li Ke had been executed, he then persuaded Duke Mu of Qin and said: 'Lu Sheng, Xi Cheng, and Ji Rui truly are not obedient. If you heavily bribe and plot, expel the Jin lord, and bring in Chong Er, the matter must succeed.' Duke Mu of Qin permitted it and made people return to report to Jin, thickly bribing the three sons. The three sons said: 'The gifts are lavish, and the words are sweet. This must be Pi Zheng selling us to Qin.' They then killed Pi Zheng and Li Ke, and Pi Zheng's party of the seven chariot grand officers. Pi Zheng's son Bao fled to Qin and spoke of attacking Jin. Duke Mu did not listen to the proposal.
41
惠公之立，倍秦地及裏克，誅七輿大夫，國人不附。 二年，周使召公過禮晉惠公，惠公禮倨，召公譏之。
When Duke Hui was established, he betrayed Qin over the promised lands and betrayed Li Ke. He executed the seven grand officers of the chariots, and the people of the state did not support him. In the second year, Zhou made Shao Gong Guo perform rituals for Jin's Duke Hui. Duke Hui's rituals were arrogant. Shao Gong criticized him.
42
四年，晉饑，乞糴於秦。 繆公問百里奚，百里奚曰：「天菑流行，國家代有，救菑恤鄰，國之道也。 與之。」 邳鄭子豹曰：「伐之。」 繆公曰：「其君是惡，其民何罪！」 卒與粟，自雍屬絳。
In the fourth year, Jin suffered a famine and asked Qin to sell it grain. Duke Mu asked Baili Xi. Baili Xi said: 'Heaven's calamities circulate, and states alternately have them. To save calamities and relieve neighbors is the state's way. Give to them.' Pi Zheng's son Bao said: 'Attack them.' Duke Mu said: 'Their lord is evil, but what wrong have his people done?' In the end, they provided grain from Yong all the way to Jiang.
43
五年，秦饑，請糴於晉。 晉君謀之，慶鄭曰：「以秦得立，已而倍其地約。 晉饑而秦貸我，今秦饑請糴，與之何疑？ 而謀之！」 虢射曰：「往年天以晉賜秦，秦弗知取而貸我。 今天以秦賜晉，晉其可以逆天乎？ 遂伐之。」 惠公用虢射謀，不與秦粟，而發兵且伐秦。 秦大怒，亦發兵伐晉。
In the fifth year, Qin suffered a famine and requested grain from Jin. The Jin lord consulted it. Qing Zheng said: 'It was Qin that established us, and then we doubled back on the land agreement. When Jin had famine, Qin lent to us. Now Qin has famine and requests grain. What doubt is there in giving the grain to them? And yet you plot against them! This is what I mean!' Guo She said: 'In previous years, heaven granted Jin to Qin, but the Qin did not know to take it and lent to us. Today heaven grants Qin to Jin. How can Jin oppose heaven? Then attack them.' Duke Hui used Guo She's plan. He did not give grain to Qin, and sent the troops to attack Qin. Qin was greatly angered and likewise sent troops to attack Jin.
44
六年春，秦繆公將兵伐晉。 晉惠公謂慶鄭曰：「秦師深矣，柰何？」 鄭曰：「秦內君，君倍其賂； 晉饑秦輸粟，秦饑而晉倍之，乃欲因其饑伐之：其深不亦宜乎！」 晉卜御右，慶鄭皆吉。 公曰：「鄭不孫。」 乃更令步陽御戎，家仆徒為右，進兵。 九月壬戌，秦繆公、晉惠公合戰韓原。 惠公馬騺不行，秦兵至，公窘，召慶鄭為御。 鄭曰：「不用卜，敗不亦當乎！」 遂去。 更令梁繇靡御，虢射為右，輅秦繆公。 繆公壯士冒敗晉軍，晉軍敗，遂失秦繆公，反獲晉公以歸。 秦將以祀上帝。 晉君姊為繆公夫人，衰绖涕泣。 公曰：「得晉侯將以為樂，今乃如此。 且吾聞箕子見唐叔之初封，曰『其後必當大矣』，晉庸可滅乎！」 乃與晉侯盟王城而許之歸。 晉侯亦使呂省等報國人曰：「孤雖得歸，毋面目見社稷，卜日立子圉。」 晉人聞之，皆哭。 秦繆公問呂省：「晉國和乎？」 對曰：「不和。 小人懼失君亡親，不憚立子圉，曰『必報讎，寧事戎、狄』。 其君子則愛君而知罪，以待秦命，曰『必報德』。 有此二故，不和。」 於是秦繆公更舍晉惠公，餽之七牢。 十一月，歸晉侯。 晉侯至國，誅慶鄭，修政教。 謀曰：「重耳在外，諸侯多利內之。」 欲使人殺重耳於狄。 重耳聞之，如齊。
In the spring of the sixth year, Duke Mu of Qin led troops to attack Jin. Duke Hui of Jin told Qing Zheng and said: 'The Qin army is deep. What should we do?' Zheng said: 'Qin brought in the lord, and the lord doubled their bribe; When Jin had famine, Qin transported grain. When Qin had famine, Jin doubled it. Then you desired to take advantage of their famine to attack them. Is the depth not also proper!' Jin divined for the chariot driver and right side. Qing Zheng was all auspicious. The gong said: 'Zheng is not filial.' He then ordered Bu Yang to drive the war chariot, with the household servant Tu serving on the right, and advanced the troops. In the ninth month, on renxu, Duke Mu of Qin and Duke Hui of Jin joined battle at Han Yuan. Duke Hui's horse stumbled and would not move. Qin troops arrived, and the duke, in distress, summoned Qing Zheng to drive. Zheng said: 'You did not use the divination. Is defeat not also proper!' He then left. He again commanded Liang You Mi to drive, Guo She as the right, and pursued Duke Mu of Qin. Duke Mu's strong men braved and defeated the Jin army. The Jin army was defeated. They then lost Duke Mu of Qin, but instead captured the Jin gong to return. Qin was about to sacrifice him to the Lord on High. The Jin lord's elder sister was Duke Mu's wife. She wept in mourning garments. The gong said: 'I obtained the Jin hou and will take it as joy, but now it is like this. I have also heard that Jizi saw Tang Shu's initial enfeoffment and said, 'His descendants must become great.' How can Jin be extinguished!' He then made a covenant with the marquis of Jin at Wangcheng and allowed him to return. The Jin lord also had Lu Sheng and others report to the people, saying: 'Though I return, I have no face to see the altars. Choose an auspicious day and establish Zi Yu.' When the people of Jin heard this, they all wept. Duke Mu of Qin asked Lu Sheng: 'Is the Jin state harmonious?' He replied and said: 'It is not harmonious. Small people fear losing the lord and losing kin. They do not dread establishing Zi Yu and said 'we must avenge enmity, rather serve Rong and Di'. Their gentlemen then love the lord and know guilt, to await the Qin command, and said 'we must repay virtue'. Having these two reasons, it is not harmonious.' Duke Mu of Qin then lodged Duke Hui of Jin again and gifted him the seven sets of animals. In the eleventh month, they returned the Marquis of Jin. The marquis of Jin returned to his state, executed Qing Zheng, and restored government and instruction. They consulted and said: 'Chong Er is outside, and many feudal lords would profit from bringing him in.' He wanted to send men to kill Chong’er among the Di. Chong’er heard of this and went to Qi.
45
八年，使太子圉質秦。 初，惠公亡在梁，梁伯以其女妻之，生一男一女。 梁伯卜之，男為人臣，女為人妾，故名男為圉，女為妾。
In the eighth year, he sent Crown Prince Yu as a hostage to Qin. Initially, when Duke Hui fled in Liang, Liang Bo married his daughter to him. She gave birth to a male and a female. Liang Bo divined about them: the boy would become another man's minister, and the girl another man's concubine. Therefore, he named the boy Yu and the girl Qie.
46
十年，秦滅梁。 梁伯好土功，治城溝，民力罷怨，其眾數相驚，曰「秦寇至」，民恐惑，秦竟滅之。
In the tenth year, Qin extinguished Liang. Liang Bo liked earthworks and managed the city moats. The people's strength was exhausted and resentment grew. The crowds often alarmed one another, saying, 'The Qin bandits are coming.' The people lived in fear and confusion, and Qin finally destroyed it.
47
十三年，晉惠公病，內有數子。 太子圉曰：「吾母家在梁，梁今秦滅之，我外輕於秦而內無援於國。 君即不起，病大夫輕，更立他公子。」 乃謀與其妻俱亡歸。 秦女曰：「子一國太子，辱在此。 秦使婢子侍，以固子之心。 子亡矣，我不從子，亦不敢言。」 子圉遂亡歸晉。 十四年九月，惠公卒，太子圉立，是為懷公。
In the thirteenth year, Duke Hui of Jin was ill. He had several sons inside. Crown Prince Yu said: 'My mother's family is in Liang. Qin has now destroyed Liang. Outside I am looked down on by Qin, and inside the state I have no support. If the lord does not rise, the ill grand officers are light, and they will change and establish another prince.' He then plotted with his wife for them to flee back together. The Qin woman said: 'You are one state's crown prince, humiliated here. Qin assigned a maidservant to attend you in order to strengthen your resolve. If you flee, I will not follow you, and also I will not dare to speak.' Ziyu then fled and returned to Jin. In the ninth month of the fourteenth year, Duke Hui died. Crown Prince Yu was established and became Duke Huai.
48
子圉之亡，秦怨之，乃求公子重耳，欲內之。 子圉之立，畏秦之伐也。 乃令國中諸從重耳亡者與期，期盡不到者盡滅其家。 狐突之子毛及偃從重耳在秦，弗肯召。 懷公怒，囚狐突。 突曰：「臣子事重耳有年數矣，今召之，是教之反君也。 何以教之？」 懷公卒殺狐突。 秦繆公乃發兵送內重耳，使人告欒、郤之黨為內應，殺懷公於高梁，入重耳。 重耳立，是為文公。
When Zi Yu fled, the state of Qin resented it and then sought Prince Chong Er, desiring to bring him in. Zi Yu's establishment feared Qin's attack. He then commanded those in the state who had followed Chong Er in flight to set a deadline. Those who did not arrive by the deadline would have their families exterminated. Hu Tu's sons Mao and Yan followed Chong Er in the state of Qin and were not willing to be summoned. Duke Huai grew angry and imprisoned Hu Tu. Tu said: 'My minister sons have served Chong Er for many years. Now if I summon them, this teaches them to oppose the lord. How can I teach them that?' Duke Huai finally killed Hu Tu. Duke Mu of Qin then sent troops to bring in Chong Er. He had people tell the Luan and Xi faction to serve as internal support, killed Duke Huai at Gao Liang, and brought Chong Er in. Chong Er was established and became Duke Wen.
49
晉文公重耳，晉獻公之子也。 自少好士，年十七，有賢士五人：曰趙衰； 狐偃咎犯，文公舅也； 賈佗； 先軫； 魏武子。 自獻公為太子時，重耳固已成人矣。 獻公即位，重耳年二十一。 獻公十三年，以驪姬故，重耳備蒲城守秦。 獻公二十一年，獻公殺太子申生，驪姬讒之，恐，不辭獻公而守蒲城。 獻公二十二年，獻公使宦者履鞮趣殺重耳。 重耳踰垣，宦者逐斬其衣袪。 重耳遂奔狄。 狄，其母國也。 是時重耳年四十三。 從此五士，其餘不名者數十人，至狄。
Duke Wen of Jin, Chong Er, was Duke Xian of Jin's son. From a young age he liked scholars. At the age of seventeen, he had five worthy scholars: Zhao Cui; Huyan Jiu Fan, Duke Wen's maternal uncle; Jia Tuo; Xian Zhen; Wei wuzi. From when Duke Xian was crown prince, Chong Er was indeed already an adult. When Duke Xian ascended the throne, Chong Er was twenty-one years old. In Duke Xian's thirteenth year, because of Li Ji, Chong Er fortified Pu against Qin. In Duke Xian's twenty-first year, Duke Xian killed Crown Prince Shen Sheng. Li Ji had slandered him. Chong Er feared and, without bidding farewell to Duke Xian, defended the city of Pu. In Duke Xian's twenty-second year, Duke Xian made the eunuch Lu Di hurry to kill Chong Er. Chong Er leaped over the wall, and the eunuch pursued him and cut off his sleeve. Chong Er then fled to Di. Di was his mother's state. At this time Chong’er was forty-three years old. These five scholars followed him. Several dozen others whose names are not recorded also arrived in the state of Di.
50
狄伐咎如，得二女：以長女妻重耳，生伯鯈、叔劉； 以少女妻趙衰，生盾。 居狄五歲而晉獻公卒，裏克已殺奚齊、悼子，乃使人迎，欲立重耳。 重耳畏殺，因固謝，不敢入。 已而晉更迎其弟夷吾立之，是為惠公。 惠公七年，畏重耳，乃使宦者履鞮與壯士欲殺重耳。 重耳聞之，乃謀趙衰等曰：「始吾奔狄，非以為可用與，以近易通，故且休足。 休足久矣，固願徙之大國。 夫齊桓公好善，志在霸王，收恤諸侯。 今聞管仲、隰朋死，此亦欲得賢佐，盍往乎？」 於是遂行。 重耳謂其妻曰：「待我二十五年不來，乃嫁。」 其妻笑曰：「犁二十五年，吾冢上柏大矣。 雖然，妾待子。」 重耳居狄凡十二年而去。
Di attacked Jiu Ru and obtained two women. They married the elder daughter to Chong Er, and she gave birth to Bo Tao and Shu Liu; They married the younger daughter to Zhao Cui. She gave birth to Dun. He lived in the state of Di for five years when Duke Xian of Jin died. Li Ke had already killed Xi Qi and Dao Zi. He then sent people to welcome Chong Er, desiring to establish him. Chong Er feared he would be killed, so he firmly declined and dared not enter. Soon after, the state of Jin again welcomed his younger brother Yiwu and established him, who became Duke Hui. In Duke Hui's seventh year, he feared Chong Er and made the eunuch Lu Di and strong men desire to kill Chong Er. Chong Er heard of it and consulted Zhao Cui and the others, saying: 'When I first fled to Di, it was not because I thought it could be used, but because it was nearby and easy to reach. So I rested there for the time being. I have rested my feet here for a long time and sincerely wish to move on to a great state. Duke Huan of Qi loved goodness. His ambition was to become hegemon king. He gathered and relieved the feudal lords. Now I have heard that Guan Zhong and Xi Peng have died. The duke also desires to obtain worthy assistants. Why not go?' He then went. Chong Er said to the wife: 'Wait for me for twenty-five years. If I do not come, then you may marry another.' His wife laughed and said: 'After plowing for twenty-five years, the cypress on my tomb will be large. Although, I will wait for you.' Chong Er lived among the Di for twelve years in all before leaving.
51
過衛，衛文公不禮。 去，過五鹿，饑而從野人乞食，野人盛土器中進之。 重耳怒。 趙衰曰：「土者，有土也，君其拜受之。」
He passed through Wei, but Duke Wen of Wei treated him discourteously. After leaving, he passed through Wulu. Hungry, he begged food from a rustic, who filled an earthen vessel with soil and presented it to him. Chong Er was angered. Zhao Cui said: 'Earth means to have land. The lord should bow and receive it.'
52
至齊，齊桓公厚禮，而以宗女妻之，有馬二十乘，重耳安之。 重耳至齊二歲而桓公卒，會豎刀等為內亂，齊孝公之立，諸侯兵數至。 留齊凡五歲。 重耳愛齊女，毋去心。 趙衰、咎犯乃於桑下謀行。 齊女侍者在桑上聞之，以告其主。 其主乃殺侍者，勸重耳趣行。 重耳曰：「人生安樂，孰知其他！ 必死於此，不能去。」 齊女曰：「子一國公子，窮而來此，數士者以子為命。 子不疾反國，報勞臣，而懷女德，竊為子羞之。 且不求，何時得功？」 乃與趙衰等謀，醉重耳，載以行。 行遠而覺，重耳大怒，引戈欲殺咎犯。 咎犯曰：「殺臣成子，偃之願也。」 重耳曰：「事不成，我食舅氏之肉。」 咎犯曰：「事不成，犯肉腥臊，何足食！」 乃止，遂行。
He arrived in the state of Qi. Duke Huan of Qi was very courteous and married a daughter of his clan to him. He gave him twenty teams of horses. Chong Er was at ease. Chong Er had been in the state of Qi for two years when Duke Huan died. Shu Dao and others made internal chaos. During Duke Xiao of Qi's establishment, feudal lords' troops arrived several times. He stayed in Qi for five years in all. Chong Er loved the woman of Qi and had no thought of leaving. Zhao Cui and Jiu Fan then plotted their departure beneath the mulberry tree. An attendant of the Qi woman heard this from among the mulberry trees and told her mistress. Her mistress then killed the attendant and urged Chong Er to leave quickly. Chong Er said: 'Human life is peaceful and joyful. Who knows other things! I must die here and cannot leave.' The Qi woman said: 'You are a prince of a state, yet you have come here in poverty. A number of scholars have entrusted their fate to you. If you do not quickly return to your state and repay your hard-working ministers, but instead cling to a woman's kindness, I am privately ashamed on your behalf. If you do not seek it now, when will you win merit?' She then plotted with Zhao Cui and the others, got Chong Er drunk, and carried him off. They went far and he awoke. Chong Er was greatly angered and drew the spear, desiring to kill Jiu Fan. Jiu Fan said: 'If killing the minister completes you, that is Yan's wish.' Chong Er said: 'If the matter does not succeed, I will eat my maternal uncle's flesh.' Jiu Fan said: 'If the matter does not succeed, Fan's flesh is rank and rancid. What is there sufficient to eat!' He then stopped and went.
53
過曹，曹共公不禮，欲觀重耳駢脅。 曹大夫釐負羈曰：「晉公子賢，又同姓，窮來過我，柰何不禮！」 共公不從其謀。 負羈乃私遺重耳食，置璧其下。 重耳受其食，還其璧。
He passed through the state of Cao. Duke Gong of Cao was not courteous and desired to view Chong Er's conjoined ribs. The Cao grand officer Xi Fu Ji said: 'The Jin prince is worthy and shares our surname. He came to us in poverty and passed through our state. How can we fail to be courteous!' Duke Gong did not follow his plan. Fu Ji then privately sent Chong Er food, placing a jade disk underneath it. Chong’er accepted the food and returned the jade.
54
去，過宋。 宋襄公新困兵於楚，傷於泓，聞重耳賢，乃以國禮禮於重耳。 宋司馬公孫固善於咎犯，曰：「宋小國新困，不足以求入，更之大國。」 乃去。
He left and passed through Song. Duke Xiang of Song had just been hard-pressed by Chu troops and wounded at Hong, and when he heard that Chong Er was worthy, he treated him with state rituals. The Song Sima Gongsun Gu was good with Jiu Fan and said: 'Song is a small state newly distressed. It is not sufficient to seek entry. Change to a great state.' They then left.
55
過鄭，鄭文公弗禮。 鄭叔瞻諫其君曰：「晉公子賢，而其從者皆國相，且又同姓。 鄭之出自厲王，而晉之出自武王。」 鄭君曰：「諸侯亡公子過此者眾，安可盡禮！」 叔瞻曰：「君不禮，不如殺之，且後為國患。」 鄭君不聽。
He passed through Zheng, but Duke Wen of Zheng treated him discourteously. Zheng Shu Zhan admonished his lord, saying: 'The Jin prince is worthy, and his followers are all men fit to serve as state chancellors. They also share our surname. The state of Zheng descends from King Li, and the state of Jin descends from King Wu.' The Zheng lord said: 'Fled princes of feudal lords passing through here are many. How can we exhaust courtesy!' Shu Zhan said: 'If you will not treat him with courtesy, better to kill him; otherwise he will later become a danger to the state.' The Zheng lord did not listen.
56
重耳去之楚，楚成王以適諸侯禮待之，重耳謝不敢當。 趙衰曰：「子亡在外十餘年，小國輕子，況大國乎？ 今楚大國而固遇子，子其毋讓，此天開子也。」 遂以客禮見之。 成王厚遇重耳，重耳甚卑。 成王曰：「子即反國，何以報寡人？」 重耳曰：「羽毛齒角玉帛，君王所餘，未知所以報。」 王曰：「雖然，何以報不穀？」 重耳曰：「即不得已，與君王以兵車會平原廣澤，請辟王三舍。」 楚將子玉怒曰：「王遇晉公子至厚，今重耳言不孫，請殺之。」 成王曰：「晉公子賢而困於外久，從者皆國器，此天所置，庸可殺乎？ 且言何以易之！」 居楚數月，而晉太子圉亡秦，秦怨之； 聞重耳在楚，乃召之。 成王曰：「楚遠，更數國乃至晉。 秦晉接境，秦君賢，子其勉行！」 厚送重耳。
Chong’er went to Chu. King Cheng of Chu treated him with the ritual due to a feudal lord, but Chong’er declined and did not dare accept it. Zhao Cui said: 'You have fled outside for more than ten years. The small states slight you, how much more the great states? Now Chu is a great state and surely meets you. You should not decline. This is heaven opening for you.' He then saw him with guest rituals. King Cheng treated Chong Er very well. Chong Er was very humble. King Cheng said: 'If you return to the state, what will you use to repay me?' Chong Er said: 'Feathers, fur, teeth, horns, jade, and silks are what the lord king has in abundance. I do not know what to use to repay.' The king said: 'Although this is so, what will you use to repay this unworthy one?' Chong Er said: 'If I cannot avoid it and meet the lord king in war chariots on the plains and marshes, I ask to withdraw three camp spaces.' The Chu general Zi Yu was angered and said: 'The king treats the Jin prince extremely well. Now Chong Er's words are not filial. Please kill him.' King Cheng said: 'The Jin prince is worthy and has been distressed outside for a long time. His followers are all state vessels. This is what heaven has placed. How can we kill him? What words could change this!' He lived in Chu for several months, and the Jin crown prince Yu fled Qin. Qin resented it; They heard Chong Er was in Chu and then summoned him. King Cheng said: 'Chu is far. You must pass through multiple states to reach Jin. Qin and Jin share a border. The Qin lord is worthy. You should diligently go!' He sent Chong Er with great generosity.
57
重耳至秦，繆公以宗女五人妻重耳，故子圉妻與往。 重耳不欲受，司空季子曰：「其國且伐，況其故妻乎！ 且受以結秦親而求入，子乃拘小禮，忘大丑乎！」 遂受。 繆公大歡，與重耳飲。 趙衰歌黍苗詩。 繆公曰：「知子欲急反國矣。」 趙衰與重耳下，再拜曰：「孤臣之仰君，如百穀之望時雨。」 是時晉惠公十四年秋。 惠公以九月卒，子圉立。 十一月，葬惠公。 十二月，晉國大夫欒、郤等聞重耳在秦，皆陰來勸重耳、趙衰等反國，為內應甚眾。 於是秦繆公乃發兵與重耳歸晉。 晉聞秦兵來，亦發兵拒之。 然皆陰知公子重耳入也。 唯惠公之故貴臣呂、郤之屬不欲立重耳。 重耳出亡凡十九歲而得入，時年六十二矣，晉人多附焉。
Chong Er arrived in Qin. Duke Mu gave him five women of the royal clan as wives, and Zi Yu's former wife also went with them. Chong Er did not desire to receive them. Sikong jizi said: 'The state is about to be attacked. How much more the former wife! Receive them to bind Qin to us by marriage and seek your return. Are you going to cling to minor ritual and forget a great humiliation!' He then received them. Duke Mu was greatly happy and drank with Chong Er. Zhao Cui sang the 'Shu Miao' poem. Duke Mu said: 'I know you desire to urgently return to your state.' Zhao Cui and Chong Er descended and twice bowed, saying: 'The orphan minister looks up to the lord, like a hundred grains hope for seasonal rain.' At this time it was the autumn of Duke Hui of Jin's fourteenth year. Duke Hui died in the ninth month. Zi Yu was established. In the eleventh month, Duke Hui was buried. In the twelfth month, the Jin state's grand officers Luan, Xi and others heard Chong Er was in Qin. They all secretly came to urge Chong Er, Zhao Cui and others to return to the state, acting as very many inner supporters. Duke Mu of Qin then sent troops with Chong Er to return to Jin. Jin heard that Qin troops were coming and likewise sent troops to resist them. Privately, however, they all knew that Prince Chong’er was entering Jin. Only Duke Hui’s former noble ministers, including the Lu and Xi clans, did not wish to establish Chong’er. Chong’er had spent nineteen years in exile before gaining entry. At that time he was sixty-two years old, and many people of Jin attached themselves to him.
58
文公元年春，秦送重耳至河。 咎犯曰：「臣從君周旋天下，過亦多矣。 臣猶知之，況於君乎？ 請從此去矣。」 重耳曰：「若反國，所不與子犯共者，河伯視之！」 乃投璧河中，以與子犯盟。 是時介子推從，在船中，乃笑曰：「天實開公子，而子犯以為己功而要市於君，固足羞也。 吾不忍與同位。」 乃自隱渡河。 秦兵圍令狐，晉軍于廬柳。 二月辛丑，咎犯與秦晉大夫盟于郇。 壬寅，重耳入于晉師。 丙午，入于曲沃。 丁未，朝于武宮，即位為晉君，是為文公。 群臣皆往。 懷公圉奔高梁。 戊申，使人殺懷公。
In the spring of Duke Wen's first year, Qin sent Chong Er to the river. Jiu Fan said: 'I have followed the lord and wandered the world. My faults are also many. I still know it. How much more the lord? Please allow me to leave from here.' Chong Er said: 'If I return to the state, what I do not share with Zi Fan, may the River Lord watch it!' He then threw the jade into the river to seal an oath with Zi Fan. At this time Jie Zitui was following in the boat. He laughed and said: 'Heaven truly opened the way for the prince, but Zi Fan takes it as his own merit and demands reward from the lord. This is indeed shameful enough. I cannot endure to be in the same position.' He then hid himself and crossed the river. Qin troops surrounded Linghu, while Jin troops were at Luliu. In the second month, on xinchou, Jiu Fan allied with Qin and Jin grand officers at Xun. On renyin, Chong’er entered the Jin army. On bingwu, he entered Qu Wo. On dingwei, he courted at the Wu Palace, ascended the throne as Jin's lord, and became Duke Wen. All the ministers went. Duke Huai Yu fled to Gao Liang. On wushen, he sent men to kill Duke Huai.
59
懷公故大臣呂省、郤芮本不附文公，文公立，恐誅，乃欲與其徒謀燒公宮，殺文公。 文公不知。 始嘗欲殺文公宦者履鞮知其謀，欲以告文公，解前罪，求見文公。 文公不見，使人讓曰：「蒲城之事，女斬予袪。 其後我從狄君獵，女為惠公來求殺我。 惠公與女期三日至，而女一日至，何速也？ 女其念之。」 宦者曰：「臣刀鋸之餘，不敢以二心事君倍主，故得罪於君。 君已反國，其毋蒲、翟乎？ 且管仲射鉤，桓公以霸。 今刑餘之人以事告而君不見，禍又且及矣。」 於是見之，遂以呂、郤等告文公。 文公欲召呂、郤，呂、郤等黨多，文公恐初入國，國人賣己，乃為微行，會秦繆公於王城，國人莫知。 三月己丑，呂、郤等果反，焚公宮，不得文公。 文公之衛徒與戰，呂、郤等引兵欲奔，秦繆公誘呂、郤等，殺之河上，晉國復而文公得歸。 夏，迎夫人於秦，秦所與文公妻者卒為夫人。 秦送三千人為衛，以備晉亂。
Duke Huai's former ministers Lu Sheng and Xi Rui originally did not attach to Duke Wen. When Duke Wen was established, they feared execution, and then desired to plot with their followers to burn the duke's palace and kill Duke Wen. Duke Wen did not know. The eunuch Lü Di, who had once tried to kill Duke Wen, learned of their plot. Hoping to atone for his earlier crime, he sought an audience with Duke Wen so he could report it. Duke Wen did not see him, but made people reproach him, saying: 'In the Pu city matter, you cut my robe sleeve. Later, when I followed the Di lord on a hunt, you came on Duke Hui’s behalf seeking to kill me. Duke Hui agreed with you to arrive in three days, but you arrived on the first day. Why so fast? You should think of it.' The eunuch said: 'I am a remainder of knife and saw. I dared not serve the lord with two hearts and betray the master. Therefore, I offended the lord. The lord has already returned to the state. Are there not Pu and Di? Guan Zhong once shot the belt hook, yet Duke Huan still became hegemon. Now a punishment remainder person tells a matter and the lord does not see him. Calamity is again about to reach.' Duke Wen then received him, and he told the duke about Lu, Xi, and the others. Duke Wen wanted to summon Lu and Xi. Their faction was large. Fearing that the people of the state might betray him as soon as he entered, he traveled in secret and met Duke Mu of Qin at Wang Cheng. The people of the state did not know. In the third month, on jichou, Lu, Xi and others indeed rebelled, burned the duke's palace, but did not obtain Duke Wen. Duke Wen's Wei followers fought with them. Lu and Xi led troops desiring to flee. Duke Mu of Qin lured Lu and Xi, killed them on the river bank. The Jin state was restored and Duke Wen obtained return. In summer, he welcomed the lady from Qin. The woman whom Qin had married to Duke Wen ultimately became his lady. Qin sent three thousand guards to prepare against disorder in Jin.
60
文公修政，施惠百姓。 賞從亡者及功臣，大者封邑，小者尊爵。 未盡行賞，周襄王以弟帶難出居鄭地，來告急晉。 晉初定，欲發兵，恐他亂起，是以賞從亡未至隱者介子推。 推亦不言祿，祿亦不及。 推曰：「獻公子九人，唯君在矣。 惠、懷無親，外內棄之； 天未絕晉，必將有主，主晉祀者，非君而誰？ 天實開之，二三子以為己力，不亦誣乎？ 竊人之財，猶曰是盜，況貪天之功以為己力乎？ 下冒其罪，上賞其姦，上下相蒙，難與處矣！」 其母曰：「盍亦求之，以死誰懟？」 推曰：「尤而效之，罪有甚焉。 且出怨言，不食其祿。」 母曰：「亦使知之，若何？」 對曰：「言，身之文也； 身欲隱，安用文之？ 文之，是求顯也。」 其母曰：「能如此乎？ 與女偕隱。」 至死不復見。
Duke Wen restored order to the government and extended favor to the common people. He rewarded those who had followed him in exile and the ministers who had rendered service. The greatest were enfeoffed with cities, and the lesser were honored with ranks. Before he had exhausted bestowing rewards, King Xiang of Zhou, with his younger brother Dai in calamity, went out and resided in the land of Zheng. He came to urgently tell Jin. Jin had only just been settled. Duke Wen wanted to send out troops but feared other disorder would arise. For this reason, the rewards for those who had followed him in exile had not yet reached the recluse Jie Zitui. Tui himself did not speak of emolument, and so emolument did not reach him. Tui said: 'Duke Xian had nine princes. Only the lord remains. Hui and Huai had no kin. Outside and inside abandoned them; Heaven has not cut off Jin. There must be a lord. The one who presides over Jin's sacrifices, if not the lord, then who? Heaven truly opened it. The two or three sons take it as their own strength. Is this not false? To steal a person's wealth is still called theft. How much more to greedily take heaven's merit as one's own strength? Those below risk committing crimes, while those above reward treachery. Superiors and subordinates deceive one another. It is difficult to remain with them!' The mother said: 'Why not also seek it? If you die, who will resent you?' Tui said: 'To blame it and then imitate it, the crime is even greater. Since I have spoken resentfully, I will not eat their emolument.' His mother said: 'Also make them know it. How about that?' He replied and said: 'Words are the pattern of the body; If the body desires to hide, why use pattern for it? To pattern it is to seek manifestation.' His mother said: 'Can you be like this? I will hide together with you.' Until his death, he was not seen again.
61
介子推從者憐之，乃懸書宮門曰：「龍欲上天，五蛇為輔。 龍已升雲，四蛇各入其宇，一蛇獨怨，終不見處所。」 文公出，見其書，曰：「此介子推也。 吾方憂王室，未圖其功。」 使人召之，則亡。 遂求所在，聞其入綿上山中，於是文公環綿上山中而封之，以為介推田，號曰介山，「以記吾過，且旌善人」。
Jie Zi Tui's followers pitied him, then hung writing on the palace gate, saying: 'The dragon desires to ascend to heaven, with five snakes as auxiliaries. The dragon has already ascended the clouds. Four snakes each entered their dwellings. One snake alone is resentful, and finally its place is not seen.' Duke Wen went out, saw the writing, and said: 'This is Jie Zi Tui. I am just worrying about the royal house. I have not yet planned his merit.' He sent men to summon him, but Jie Zitui had gone. Then he sought Jie Tui's whereabouts and heard that he had entered Mount Mianshang. Duke Wen then enclosed the area around Mount Mianshang, enfeoffed it as Jie Tui's field, and named it Mount Jie, 'to record my error and commend a good man.'
62
從亡賤臣壺叔曰； 「君三行賞，賞不及臣，敢請罪。」 文公報曰：「夫導我以仁義，防我以德惠，此受上賞。 輔我以行，卒以成立，此受次賞。 矢石之難，汗馬之勞，此復受次賞。 若以力事我而無補吾缺者，此［復］受次賞。 三賞之後，故且及子。」 晉人聞之，皆說。
The humble minister Hu Shu, who had followed in flight, said; 'The lord has three times bestowed reward, but the reward has not reached the minister. I dare to request punishment.' Duke Wen replied and said: 'Those who guided me with benevolence and righteousness, and defended me with virtue and favor—these receive the upper reward. Those who assisted me in conduct and finally established me—these receive secondary reward. The difficulties of arrows and stones, the labors of sweating horses—these again receive secondary reward. If with strength they served me and did not supplement the deficiencies, these [again] receive secondary reward. After the three rewards, therefore it will temporarily reach you.' When the people of Jin heard it, they were all pleased.
63
二年春，秦軍河上，將入王。 趙衰曰； 「求霸莫如入王尊周。 周晉同姓，晉不先入王，後秦入之，毋以令于天下。 方今尊王，晉之資也。」 三月甲辰，晉乃發兵至陽樊，圍溫，入襄王于周。 四月，殺王弟帶。 周襄王賜晉河內陽樊之地。
In the spring of the second year, Qin troops were on the river, about to enter the king. Zhao Cui said; 'To seek hegemony, nothing is better than entering the king and honoring Zhou. Zhou and Jin have the same surname. If Jin does not first enter the king, and later Qin enters it, there will be no commanding the world. Just now to honor the king is Jin's resource.' In the third month, on jiachen, Jin then sent troops to Yang Fan, surrounded Wen, and entered King Xiang into Zhou. In the fourth month, they killed the king's younger brother Dai. King Xiang of Zhou granted Jin the lands of He Nei and Yang Fan.
64
四年，楚成王及諸侯圍宋，宋公孫固如晉告急。 先軫曰：「報施定霸，於今在矣。」 狐偃曰：「楚新得曹而初婚於衛，若伐曹、衛，楚必救之，則宋免矣。」 於是晉作三軍。 趙衰舉郤縠將中軍，郤臻佐之； 使狐偃將上軍，狐毛佐之，命趙衰為卿； 欒枝將下軍，先軫佐之； 荀林父御戎，魏犫為右：往伐。 冬十二月，晉兵先下山東，而以原封趙衰。
In the fourth year, King Cheng of Chu and the feudal lords surrounded Song. Song's Gongsun Gu went to Jin to urgently tell them. Xian Zhen said: 'To repay the bestowal and establish hegemony is here at present.' Huyan said: 'Chu has newly obtained Cao and initially married at the state of Wei. If we attack Cao and Wei, Chu must save them, then Song will be freed.' Jin then formed three armies. Zhao Cui raised Xi Hu to lead the middle army, and Xi Zhen assisted him; He made Huyan command the upper army, with Hu Mao assisting him, and commanded Zhao Cui as qing; Luan Zhi commanded the lower army, with Xian Zhen assisting him; Xun Lin Fu drove the chariot, with Wei Chou as the right: they went to attack. In the twelfth month of winter, the Jin troops first went down to Shan Dong, and enfeoffed Zhao Cui with Yuan.
65
五年春，晉文公欲伐曹，假道於衛，衛人弗許。 還自河南度，侵曹，伐衛。 正月，取五鹿。 二月，晉侯、齊侯盟于斂盂。 衛侯請盟晉，晉人不許。 衛侯欲與楚，國人不欲，故出其君以說晉。 衛侯居襄牛，公子買守衛。 楚救衛，不卒。 晉侯圍曹。 三月丙午，晉師入曹，數之以其不用釐負羈言，而用美女乘軒者三百人也。 令軍毋入僖負羈宗家以報德。 楚圍宋，宋復告急晉。 文公欲救則攻楚，為楚嘗有德，不欲伐也； 欲釋宋，宋又嘗有德於晉：患之。 先軫曰：「執曹伯，分曹、衛地以與宋，楚急曹、衛，其勢宜釋宋。」 於是文公從之，而楚成王乃引兵歸。
In the spring of the fifth year, Duke Wen of Jin desired to attack Cao. He requested passage through Wei, but the Wei people did not permit it. He returned and crossed from Henan, invaded Cao, and attacked Wei. In the first month, he took Wulu. In the second month, the Marquis of Jin and the Marquis of Qi formed an alliance at Lianyu. The Marquis of Wei requested an alliance with Jin, but the people of Jin did not permit it. The Marquis of Wei wished to ally with Chu. The people of the state did not want this, and therefore they expelled their lord to please Jin. The Marquis of Wei resided at Xiangniu. Prince Mai guarded Wei. Chu came to rescue Wei, but did not succeed. The Jin hou surrounded Cao. In the third month, on bingwu, the Jin army entered Cao. They reproached them for not using Xi Fu Ji's words, but for using three hundred beautiful women riding in chariots. He commanded the army not to enter the ancestral residence of Xi Fuji, repaying his virtue. Chu surrounded Song, and Song again urgently reported this to Jin. Duke Wen desired to save Song, but then he would have to attack Chu. Because Chu had once shown virtue, he did not desire to attack the state; He desired to release Song, but Song had also once shown virtue to Jin: he was troubled by it. Xian Zhen said: 'Seize the Cao bo, divide the lands of Cao and Wei to give to Song. Chu will be urgent about Cao and Wei, and its situation will be suitable to release Song.' Duke Wen then followed the plan, and King Cheng of Chu led his troops back.
66
楚將子玉曰：「王遇晉至厚，今知楚急曹、衛而故伐之，是輕王。」 王曰：「晉侯亡在外十九年，困日久矣，果得反國，險阸盡知之，能用其民，天之所開，不可當。」 子玉請曰：「非敢必有功，願以閒執讒慝之口也。」 楚王怒，少與之兵。 於是子玉使宛春告晉：「請復衛侯而封曹，臣亦釋宋。」 咎犯曰：「子玉無禮矣，君取一，臣取二，勿許。」 先軫曰：「定人之謂禮。 楚一言定三國，子一言而亡之，我則毋禮。 不許楚，是棄宋也。 不如私許曹、衛以誘之，執宛春以怒楚，既戰而後圖之。」 晉侯乃囚宛春於衛，且私許復曹、衛。 曹、衛告絕於楚。 楚得臣怒，擊晉師，晉師退。 軍吏曰：「為何退？」 文公曰：「昔在楚，約退三舍，可倍乎！」 楚師欲去，得臣不肯。 四月戊辰，宋公、齊將、秦將與晉侯次城濮。 己巳，與楚兵合戰，楚兵敗，得臣收餘兵去。 甲午，晉師還至衡雍，作王宮于踐土。
The Chu general Zi Yu said: 'The king treats Jin extremely well. Now Jin knows that Chu is urgent about Cao and Wei, and deliberately attacks them. This slights the king.' The king said: 'The Jin hou fled abroad for nineteen years and endured hardship for a long time. Indeed, he has now returned to the state. He knows all the dangers and narrow passes and is able to use his people. This is what Heaven has opened. It cannot be resisted.' Zi Yu requested and said: 'I do not dare to say I must have merit. I wish to use this interval to seize the mouths of slander and evil.' The Chu king was angered and gave him few troops. Zi Yu then had Wan Chun tell Jin: 'Please restore the Wei hou and enfeoff Cao. Your minister will also release Song.' Jiu Fan said: 'Zi Yu is without ritual. The lord takes one, the minister takes two. Do not permit it.' Xian Zhen said: 'To settle people is called ritual. Chu with one word settled the three states. You with one word would perish them. I then would have no ritual. Not permitting Chu—this abandons Song. Better to make a private promise to Cao and Wei to lure them in, seize Wan Chun to anger Chu, and settle the matter after the battle.' The Marquis of Jin then imprisoned Wanchun in Wei and privately agreed to restore Cao and Wei. Cao and Wei announced that they were breaking with Chu. Dechen of Chu was angered and attacked the Jin army, which retreated. An army officer said: 'Why are we retreating?' Duke Wen said: 'Formerly in Chu, I agreed to retreat three she. Can I double the retreat?' The Chu army wished to withdraw, but Dechen was unwilling. In the fourth month, on wuchen, the Song gong, Qi general, and Qin general camped with the Jin hou at Cheng Pu. On jisi, they joined battle with Chu troops. The Chu troops were defeated. De Chen gathered the remaining troops and left. On jiawu, the Jin army returned to Heng Yong and made a king's palace at Jian Tu.
67
初，鄭助楚，楚敗，懼，使人請盟晉侯。 晉侯與鄭伯盟。
Initially, Zheng had assisted Chu. When Chu was defeated, they feared and sent people to request alliance with the Jin hou. The Marquis of Jin formed an alliance with the Earl of Zheng.
68
五月丁未，獻楚俘於周，駟介百乘，徒兵千。 天子使王子虎命晉侯為伯，賜大輅，彤弓矢百，玈弓矢千，秬鬯一卣，珪瓚，虎賁三百人。 晉侯三辭，然后稽首受之。 周作晉文侯命：「王若曰：父義和，丕顯文、武，能慎明德，昭登於上，布聞在下，維時上帝集厥命于文、武。 恤朕身、繼予一人永其在位。」 於是晉文公稱伯。 癸亥，王子虎盟諸侯於王庭。
In the fifth month, on dingwei, they presented Chu captives to Zhou—chariot armor of a hundred chariots, and foot soldiers of a thousand. The Son of Heaven made Prince Zi Hu command the Jin hou as bo, granting a great chariot, vermilion bows and arrows of a hundred, black bows and arrows of a thousand, black millet wine of one vessel, a gui ladle, and tiger braves of three hundred people. The Marquis of Jin declined three times, then kowtowed and received it. Zhou made the Jin Wen Hou command: 'The king says: Father Yi He, greatly manifest Wen and Wu, able to be cautious with bright virtue, brightly ascended on high, spread and heard below, just then Shang Di gathered their mandate at Wen and Wu. Sympathize with my person, and succeed me as the one person eternally in their position.' Duke Wen of Jin was then recognized as hegemon. On guihai, Prince Zi Hu allied the feudal lords at the king's court.
69
晉焚楚軍，火數日不息，文公嘆。 左右曰：「勝楚而君猶憂，何？」 文公曰：「吾聞能戰勝安者唯聖人，是以懼。 且子玉猶在，庸可喜乎！」 子玉之敗而歸，楚成王怒其不用其言，貪與晉戰，讓責子玉，子玉自殺。 晉文公曰：「我擊其外，楚誅其內，內外相應。」 於是乃喜。
Jin set fire to the Chu army, and the flames did not go out for several days. Duke Wen sighed. Those on the left and right said: 'We have defeated Chu, and the lord still worries. Why?' Duke Wen said: 'I have heard that only sages are able to battle, defeat, and have the peace. Therefore, I fear. Zi Yu is still there. How can I rejoice?' Zi Yu was defeated and returned. King Cheng of Chu was angered that he did not use the king's words and was greedy to battle with Jin. He reproached and blamed Zi Yu. Zi Yu committed suicide. Duke Wen of Jin said: 'I struck them from the outside, and Chu executed them from the inside. Inside and outside mutually responded.' Only then did he rejoice.
70
六月，晉人復入衛侯。 壬午，晉侯度河北歸國。 行賞，狐偃為首。 或曰：「城濮之事，先軫之謀。」 文公曰：「城濮之事，偃說我毋失信。 先軫曰『軍事勝為右』，吾用之以勝。 然此一時之說，偃言萬世之功，柰何以一時之利而加萬世功乎？ 是以先之。」
In the sixth month, the people of Jin restored the Marquis of Wei. On renwu, the Jin hou crossed north of the Yellow River and returned to the state. He distributed rewards, placing Huyan first. Someone said: 'The matter of Cheng Pu was Xian Zhen's plan.' Duke Wen said: 'In the matter of Cheng Pu, Yan persuaded me not to lose trust. Xian Zhen said 'in the military matters, victory is what is right'. I used it to achieve victory. However, these are words for one time. Yan spoke of merit for ten thousand generations. How can I add the merit for ten thousand generations with the profit for one time? Therefore, I placed him first.'
71
冬，晉侯會諸侯於溫，欲率之朝周。 力未能，恐其有畔者，乃使人言周襄王狩于河陽。 壬申，遂率諸侯朝王於踐土。 孔子讀史記至文公，曰「諸侯無召王」、「王狩河陽」者，春秋諱之也。
In winter, the Marquis of Jin assembled the feudal lords at Wen, intending to lead them to court at Zhou. His strength was not yet sufficient. He feared there were defectors among them. He then made people say that King Xiang of Zhou was hunting at the place of He Yang. On renshen, he then led the feudal lords to court the king at Jian Tu. When Kong Zi read the Records of the Historian to Duke Wen, he said that 'feudal lords do not summon the king' and 'the king hunted at He Yang'—the Spring and Autumn Annals avoided it.
72
丁丑，諸侯圍許。 曹伯臣或說晉侯曰：「齊桓公合諸侯而國異姓，今君為會而滅同姓。 曹，叔振鐸之後； 晉，唐叔之後。 合諸侯而滅兄弟，非禮。」 晉侯說，復曹伯。
On dingchou, the feudal lords surrounded Xu. A minister of the Cao bo persuaded the Jin hou and said: 'Duke Huan of Qi united the feudal lords and strengthened those of different surnames. Now the lord holds an assembly and extinguishes those of the same surname. Cao is a descendant of Shu Zhen Duo; Jin is a descendant of Tang Shu. To unite the feudal lords and extinguish brothers is not ritual.' The Marquis of Jin was pleased and restored the Earl of Cao.
73
於是晉始作三行。 荀林父將中行，先縠將右行，先蔑將左行。
Jin then began to form three rows. Xun Lin Fu commanded the middle row, Xian Hu commanded the right row, and Xian Mie commanded the left row.
74
七年，晉文公、秦繆公共圍鄭，以其無禮於文公亡過時，及城濮時鄭助楚也。 圍鄭，欲得叔瞻。 叔瞻聞之，自殺。 鄭持叔瞻告晉。 晉曰：「必得鄭君而甘心焉。」 鄭恐，乃閒令使謂秦繆公曰：「亡鄭厚晉，於晉得矣，而秦未為利。 君何不解鄭，得為東道交？」 秦伯說，罷兵。 晉亦罷兵。
In the seventh year, Duke Wen of Jin and Duke Mu of Qin together surrounded Zheng. They did so because Zheng had shown discourtesy to Duke Wen when he passed through in exile, and because Zheng had assisted Chu at the time of Chengpu. They surrounded Zheng, intending to obtain Shuzhan. Shuzhan heard of this and committed suicide. Zheng took Shuzhan’s corpse and reported it to Jin. Jin said: 'We must obtain the Zheng lord and satisfy our hearts.' Zheng feared, then secretly commanded an envoy to tell Duke Mu of Qin, saying: 'To perish Zheng enriches Jin. Jin has obtained this, but Qin has not yet benefited. Why does the lord not relieve Zheng, and obtain an eastern road ally?' The lord of Qin was pleased and dismissed his troops. Jin also dismissed its troops.
75
九年冬，晉文公卒，子襄公歡立。 是歲鄭伯亦卒。
In the winter of the ninth year, Duke Wen of Jin died, and his son Duke Xiang Huan was established. That same year, the lord of Zheng also died.
76
鄭人或賣其國於秦，秦繆公發兵往襲鄭。 十二月，秦兵過我郊。 襄公元年春，秦師過周，無禮，王孫滿譏之。 兵至滑，鄭賈人弦高將市于周，遇之，以十二牛勞秦師。 秦師驚而還，滅滑而去。
Some Zheng people sold their country to the state of Qin, and Duke Mu of Qin dispatched troops to go and attack Zheng. In the twelfth month, Qin forces passed through our outskirts. In the spring of Duke Xiang's first year, the Qin army passed through Zhou without courtesy, and Wang Sun Man mocked them. The troops arrived at Hua. The Zheng merchant Xian Gao, going to trade at Zhou, encountered them and greeted the Qin army with twelve oxen. The Qin army was startled and returned, extinguished Hua, and departed.
77
晉先軫曰：「秦伯不用蹇叔，反其眾心，此可擊。」 欒枝曰：「未報先君施於秦，擊之，不可。」 先軫曰：「秦侮吾孤，伐吾同姓，何德之報？」 遂擊之。 襄公墨衰绖。 四月，敗秦師于殽，虜秦三將孟明視、西乞秫、白乙丙以歸。 遂墨以葬文公。 文公夫人秦女，謂襄公曰：「秦欲得其三將戮之。」 公許，遣之。 先軫聞之，謂襄公曰：「患生矣。」 軫乃追秦將。 秦將渡河，已在船中，頓首謝，卒不反。
Jin's Xian Zhen said: 'The Qin lord did not use Jian Shu and turned against the hearts of the multitude. This can be attacked.' Luan Zhi said: 'We have not yet repaid the former lord's favor to Qin. To attack them is not permissible.' Xian Zhen said: 'Qin insulted our orphan and attacked those of the same surname. What repayment of the virtue is there?' They then attacked them. Duke Xiang wore black mourning garments. In the fourth month, they defeated the Qin army at Xiao and returned with the three Qin generals Mengming Shi, Xiqi Shu, and Baiyi Bing as captives. They then used black for burying Duke Wen. Duke Wen's lady, a Qin woman, told Duke Xiang and said: 'Qin desires to obtain their three generals and execute them.' The duke permitted this and sent them away. Xian Zhen heard it and told Duke Xiang, saying: 'The trouble has been born.' Zhen then pursued the Qin generals. The Qin generals had crossed the river and were already in the boats. They kowtowed in thanks but ultimately did not return.
78
後三年，秦果使孟明伐晉，報殽之敗，取晉汪以歸。 四年，秦繆公大興兵伐我，度河，取王官，封殽尸而去。 晉恐，不敢出，遂城守。 五年，晉伐秦，取新城，報王官役也。
Three years later, Qin indeed sent Mengming to attack Jin in revenge for the defeat at Xiao, and he captured Wangguan of Jin and returned. In the fourth year, Duke Mu of Qin greatly raised troops to attack us, crossed the river, took Wang Guan, buried the Xiao corpses, and departed. Jin was afraid and did not dare go out, so they walled themselves in and defended. In the fifth year, Jin attacked Qin and took Xincheng, avenging the Wangguan campaign.
79
六年，趙衰成子、欒貞子、咎季子犯、霍伯皆卒。 趙盾代趙衰執政。
In the sixth year, Zhao Shuai Chengzi, Luan Zhenzi, Jiu Jizi Fan, and Huo Bo all died. Zhao Dun succeeded Zhao Shuai in governing.
80
七年八月，襄公卒。 太子夷皋少。 晉人以難故，欲立長君。 趙盾曰：「立襄公弟雍。 好善而長，先君愛之； 且近於秦，秦故好也。 立善則固，事長則順，奉愛則孝，結舊好則安。」 賈季曰：「不如其弟樂。 辰嬴嬖於二君，立其子，民必安之。」 趙盾曰：「辰嬴賤，班在九人下，其子何震之有！ 且為二君嬖，淫也。 為先君子，不能求大而出在小國，僻也。 母淫子僻，無威； 陳小而遠，無援：將何可乎！」 使士會如秦迎公子雍。 賈季亦使人召公子樂於陳。 趙盾廢賈季，以其殺陽處父。 十月，葬襄公。 十一月，賈季奔翟。 是歲，秦繆公亦卒。
In the eighth month of the seventh year, Duke Xiang died. The crown prince Yi Gao was young. Because of the difficulty, the people of Jin wished to establish an older lord. Zhao Dun said: 'Establish Duke Xiang's younger brother Yong. He is good in virtue and elder. The former lord loved him; He is also close to Qin, a state with which we have an old friendship. To establish the good is then solid. To serve the elder is then orderly. To honor love is then filial. To tie old friendship is then peaceful.' Jia Ji said, “He is not as suitable as his younger brother Le. Chen Ying was favored by two lords. Establish his son, and the people must settle with him.' Zhao Dun said: 'Chen Ying is base, with a position below nine people. What awe does his son have! To be favored by two lords is also licentious. As the former lord's son, he cannot seek greatness and went out to a small country. This is eccentric. The mother is licentious, and the son is eccentric. There is no authority; Chen is small and distant, with no support. What can be done?' They dispatched Shi Hui to Qin to welcome Prince Yong. Jia Ji also sent men to summon Prince Le from Chen. Zhao Dun dismissed Jia Ji because Jia Ji had killed Yang Chufu. In the tenth month, they buried Duke Xiang. In the eleventh month, Jia Ji fled to the Di. That same year, Duke Mu of Qin also died.
81
靈公元年四月，秦康公曰：「昔文公之入也無衛，故有呂、郤之患。」 乃多與公子雍衛。 太子母繆嬴日夜抱太子以號泣於朝，曰：「先君何罪？ 其嗣亦何罪？ 舍適而外求君，將安置此？」 出朝，則抱以適趙盾所，頓首曰：「先君奉此子而屬之子，曰『此子材，吾受其賜； 不材，吾怨子』。 今君卒，言猶在耳，而棄之，若何？」 趙盾與諸大夫皆患繆嬴，且畏誅，乃背所迎而立太子夷皋，是為靈公。 發兵以距秦送公子雍者。 趙盾為將，往擊秦，敗之令狐。 先蔑、隨會亡奔秦。 秋，齊、宋、衛、鄭、曹、許君皆會趙盾，盟於扈，以靈公初立故也。
In the fourth month of Duke Ling's first year, Duke Kang of Qin said: 'Formerly, when Duke Wen entered, he had no guard. Therefore, there were the troubles of Lu and Xi.' They then provided Prince Yong with a large guard. The crown prince's mother Mu Ying day and night embraced the crown prince to wail and weep at court, saying: 'What wrong did the former lord do? What wrong did his successor do? To abandon the proper and seek a lord from outside—where will you place this one?' She left the court, then embraced him and went to Zhao Dun's place. She kowtowed and said: 'The former lord presented this son and entrusted him to you, saying "this son is talented, I receive his favor; If not talented, I will resent you". Now the lord has died, and the words are still in the ear, but you abandon him. How can this be?' Zhao Dun and the grandees were all troubled by Mu Ying and also feared execution, so they turned back from the one they had welcomed and established the crown prince Yi Gao. This was Duke Ling. They dispatched troops to resist the forces Qin was sending with Prince Yong. Zhao Dun served as general and went to attack Qin, defeating them at Linghu. Xian Mie and Sui Hui fled away to Qin. In autumn, the lords of Qi, Song, Wei, Zheng, Cao, and Xu all met with Zhao Dun and allied at Hu, because Duke Ling had newly been established.
82
四年，伐秦，取少梁。 秦亦取晉之郩。 六年，秦康公伐晉，取羈馬。 晉侯怒，使趙盾、趙穿、郤缺擊秦，大戰河曲，趙穿最有功。 七年，晉六卿患隨會之在秦，常為晉亂，乃詳令魏壽餘反晉降秦。 秦使隨會之魏，因執會以歸晉。
In the fourth year, they attacked Qin and took Shaoliang. Qin also took Jin's Xiao. In the sixth year, Duke Kang of Qin attacked Jin and took Ji Ma. The lord of Jin was angered and sent Zhao Dun, Zhao Chuan, and Xi Que to attack Qin. They fought a great battle at Hequ, where Zhao Chuan won the greatest merit. In the seventh year, the six ministers of Jin were troubled by Sui Hui's being in Qin, which often caused Jin disorder. They then falsely ordered Wei Shou Yu to rebel against Jin and surrender to Qin. Qin sent Sui Hui to Wei, but Wei seized Hui and returned him to Jin.
83
八年，周頃王崩，公卿爭權，故不赴。 晉使趙盾以車八百乘平周亂而立匡王。 是年，楚莊王初即位。 十二年，齊人弒其君懿公。
In the eighth year, King Qing of Zhou died. The dukes and ministers contended for power, so they did not attend. Jin sent Zhao Dun with eight hundred chariots to pacify the disorder of Zhou and establish King Kuang. That year, King Zhuang of Chu first ascended the throne. In the twelfth year, the Qi people assassinated their lord Duke Yi.
84
十四年，靈公壯，侈，厚斂以彫墻。 從臺上彈人，觀其避丸也。 宰夫胹熊蹯不熟，靈公怒，殺宰夫，使婦人持其尸出棄之，過朝。 趙盾、隨會前數諫，不聽； 已又見死人手，二人前諫。 隨會先諫，不聽。 靈公患之，使鉏麑刺趙盾。 盾閨門開，居處節，鉏麑退，嘆曰：「殺忠臣，棄君命，罪一也。」 遂觸樹而死。
In the fourteenth year, Duke Ling had grown up and became extravagant, imposing heavy taxes to carve walls. From the tower he shot pellets at people and watched them dodge. The chef stewed bear paws, but they were not cooked. Duke Ling was angered, killed the chef, and had women carry his corpse out and discard it, passing through the court. Zhao Dun and Sui Hui had previously repeatedly admonished him, but he did not listen; After he had again seen a dead man’s hand, the two men remonstrated with him directly. Sui Hui had previously remonstrated with him, but he had not listened. Duke Ling was troubled by it and sent Chu Ni to assassinate Zhao Dun. Dun's chamber door was open, and his dwelling was moderate. Chu Ni retreated and sighed, saying: 'To kill a loyal minister and abandon the lord's command—the crime is the same.' He then struck a tree, crashed, and died.
85
初，盾常田首山，見桑下有餓人。 餓人，示瞇明也。 盾與之食，食其半。 問其故，曰：「宦三年，未知母之存不，願遺母。」 盾義之，益與之飯肉。 已而為晉宰夫，趙盾弗復知也。 九月，晉靈公飲趙盾酒，伏甲將攻盾。 公宰示瞇明知之，恐盾醉不能起，而進曰：「君賜臣，觴三行可以罷。」 欲以去趙盾，令先，毋及難。 盾既去，靈公伏士未會，先縱齧狗名敖。 明為盾搏殺狗。 盾曰：「棄人用狗，雖猛何為。」 然不知明之為陰德也。 已而靈公縱伏士出逐趙盾，示瞇明反擊靈公之伏士，伏士不能進，而竟脫盾。 盾問其故，曰：「我桑下餓人。」 問其名，弗告。 明亦因亡去。
Earlier, Zhao Dun had often hunted at Shou Mountain and saw a starving man under a mulberry tree. The starving person was Shi Mi Ming. Dun gave him food, and the man ate only half of it. He asked the reason, and he said: 'I have served for three years, and I do not know whether my mother survives. I wish to send this to my mother.' Dun considered this righteous and gave him even more cooked grain and meat. Later the man became Jin’s cook, and Zhao Dun did not recognize him. In the ninth month, Duke Ling of Jin drank wine with Zhao Dun, but had hidden armored troops who would attack Dun. The duke's chef Shi Mi Ming knew it, feared Dun was drunk and could not rise, then advanced and said: 'The lord grants the minister. Three rounds of cups can cease.' He wished to remove Zhao Dun from danger and ordered him to leave first so he would not be caught in the crisis. Dun had already gone. Duke Ling's hidden soldiers were not yet assembled, so he first released a biting dog named Ao. Ming grappled with the dog and killed it for Dun. Dun said: 'To abandon people and use a dog, though fierce, what is it for?' But he did not know Ming's hidden virtue. After a while, Duke Ling released hidden soldiers to pursue Zhao Dun. Shi Mi Ming counterattacked Duke Ling's hidden soldiers. The hidden soldiers could not advance, and ultimately he rescued Dun. Dun asked the reason, and he said: 'I am the starving person under the mulberry tree.' He asked his name, but he did not tell. Ming also thus fled away.
86
盾遂奔，未出晉境。 乙丑，盾昆弟將軍趙穿襲殺靈公於桃園而迎趙盾。 趙盾素貴，得民和； 靈公少，侈，民不附，故為弒易。 盾復位。 晉太史董狐書曰「趙盾弒其君」，以視於朝。 盾曰：「弒者趙穿，我無罪。」 太史曰：「子為正卿，而亡不出境，反不誅國亂，非子而誰？」 孔子聞之，曰：「董狐，古之良史也，書法不隱。 宣子，良大夫也，為法受惡。 惜也，出疆乃免。」
Dun then fled, but had not yet left Jin’s borders. On yichou day, Dun's younger brother the general Zhao Chuan attacked and killed Duke Ling at the peach garden and welcomed Zhao Dun. Zhao Dun was always noble and obtained the people's harmony; Duke Ling was young and extravagant. The people were not attached, so assassinating him was easy. Dun resumed his position. Jin's grand historian Dong Hu wrote and said 'Zhao Dun assassinated his lord', to show it at the court. Dun said: 'The assassin was Zhao Chuan. I have no crime.' The grand historian said: 'You are the chief minister, but when you fled you did not go out of the borders. When you returned, you did not execute the state disorder. If not you, then who?' Kong Qiu heard it and said: 'Dong Hu is an ancient good historian. His writing method does not conceal. Xuanzi was a good grandee, yet he bore blame for upholding the law. It is a pity. If he had gone out of the borders, then he would have been exempt.'
87
趙盾使趙穿迎襄公弟黑臀于周而立之，是為成公。
Zhao Dun sent Zhao Chuan to welcome Duke Xiang's younger brother Hei Tun from the state of Zhou and established him. This was Duke Cheng.
88
成公者，文公少子，其母周女也。 壬申，朝于武宮。
Duke Cheng was Duke Wen's youngest son, whose mother was a Zhou woman. On renshen day, he held court at the Wu Palace.
89
成公元年，賜趙氏為公族。 伐鄭，鄭倍晉故也。 三年，鄭伯初立，附晉而棄楚。 楚怒，伐鄭，晉往救之。
In Duke Cheng's first year, he granted the Zhao clan to be the duke's clan. He attacked Zheng because Zheng had doubled-crossed Jin. In the third year, the lord of Zheng had newly been established. He attached himself to Jin and abandoned Chu. Chu was angered and attacked Zheng, and Jin went to rescue it.
90
六年，伐秦，虜秦將赤。
In the sixth year, they attacked Qin and captured the Qin general Chi.
91
七年，成公與楚莊王爭彊，會諸侯于扈。 陳畏楚，不會。 晉使中行桓子伐陳，因救鄭，與楚戰，敗楚師。 是年，成公卒，子景公據立。
In the seventh year, Duke Cheng contended in strength with King Zhuang of Chu and met the feudal lords at Hu. Chen feared Chu and did not attend. Jin sent Zhonghang Huan Zi to attack Chen, then to save Zheng. They battled with Chu and defeated the Chu army. That year, Duke Cheng died, and his son Duke Jing Ju was established.
92
景公元年春，陳大夫夏徵舒弒其君靈公。 二年，楚莊王伐陳，誅徵舒。
In the spring of Duke Jing's first year, the Chen grandee Xia Zheng Shu assassinated his lord Duke Ling. In the second year, King Zhuang of Chu attacked Chen and executed Zheng Shu.
93
三年，楚莊王圍鄭，鄭告急晉。 晉使荀林父將中軍，隨會將上軍，趙朔將下軍，郤克、欒書、先縠、韓厥、鞏朔佐之。 六月，至河。 聞楚已服鄭，鄭伯肉袒與盟而去，荀林父欲還。 先縠曰：「凡來救鄭，不至不可，將率離心。」 卒度河。 楚已服鄭，欲飲馬于河為名而去。 楚與晉軍大戰。 鄭新附楚，畏之，反助楚攻晉。 晉軍敗，走河，爭度，船中人指甚眾。 楚虜我將智罃。 歸而林父曰：「臣為督將，軍敗當誅，請死。」 景公欲許之。 隨會曰：「昔文公之與楚戰城濮，成王歸殺子玉，而文公乃喜。 今楚已敗我師，又誅其將，是助楚殺仇也。」 乃止。
In the third year, King Zhuang of Chu surrounded Zheng, and Zheng urgently reported to Jin. Jin sent Xun Linfu to lead the central army, Sui Hui to lead the upper army, and Zhao Shuo to lead the lower army, with Xi Ke, Luan Shu, Xian Hu, Han Jue, and Gong Shuo assisting them. In the sixth month, they arrived at the Yellow River. They heard that Chu had already subjugated Zheng. The Zheng lord bared his flesh, allied with them, and departed. Xun Lin Fu desired to return. Xian Hu said: 'All came to save Zheng. Not to arrive is not permissible. The generals and officers will have separate hearts.' They ultimately crossed the river. Chu had already subjugated Zheng and wished to water its horses at the Yellow River to enhance its reputation before departing. Chu then fought a major battle with the Jin army. Zheng had only recently attached itself to Chu. Fearing Chu, it instead helped Chu attack Jin. The Jin army was defeated and fled to the river. As they struggled to cross, many people in the boats had their fingers cut off. Chu captured our general Zhi Ying. When they returned, Lin Fu said: 'Your minister was the commander general. The army was defeated and should be executed. I request death.' Duke Jing desired to permit it. Sui Hui said: 'Formerly, when Duke Wen battled with Chu at the place of Cheng Pu, King Cheng returned and killed Zi Yu, and Duke Wen then was happy. Now Chu has already defeated our army. If we again execute their general, this assists Chu in killing the enemy.' They then stopped.
94
四年，先縠以首計而敗晉軍河上，恐誅，乃奔翟，與翟謀伐晉。 晉覺，乃族縠。 縠，先軫子也。
In the fourth year, Xian Hu with a rash plan defeated the Jin army on the river. He feared execution, so fled to Di and plotted with Di to attack Jin. Jin discovered the plot and then exterminated Hu’s clan. Hu was Xian Zhen's son.
95
五年，伐鄭，為助楚故也。 是時楚莊王彊，以挫晉兵河上也。
In the fifth year, they attacked Zheng because Zheng had assisted Chu. At this time King Zhuang of Chu was strong, because he had frustrated the Jin troops on the river.
96
六年，楚伐宋，宋來告急晉，晉欲救之，伯宗謀曰：「楚，天方開之，不可當。」 乃使解揚紿為救宋。 鄭人執與楚，楚厚賜，使反其言，令宋急下。 解揚紿許之，卒致晉君言。 楚欲殺之，或諫，乃歸解揚。 七年，晉使隨會滅赤狄。
In the sixth year, Chu attacked Song. Song came to urgently report to Jin. Jin desired to save it, but Bo Zong advised and said: 'Chu—heaven is just opening it. It cannot be resisted.' They then sent Xie Yangdai to rescue Song. The people of Zheng seized him and gave him to Chu. Chu rewarded him richly and made him reverse his message, ordering Song to submit at once. Xie Yangdai agreed, but ultimately conveyed the lord of Jin’s words. Chu desired to kill him. Some advised against it, so they returned Xie Yang. In the seventh year, Jin sent Sui Hui to extinguish the Red Di.
97
八年，使郤克於齊。 齊頃公母從樓上觀而笑之。 所以然者，郤克僂，而魯使蹇，衛使眇，故齊亦令人如之以導客。 郤克怒，歸至河上，曰：「不報齊者，河伯視之！」 至國，請君，欲伐齊。 景公問知其故，曰：「子之怨，安足以煩國！」 弗聽。 魏文子請老休，辟郤克，克執政。
In the eighth year, they sent Xi Ke to Qi. Duke Qing of Qi's mother observed from the tower and laughed at him. The reason was that Xi Ke was hunchbacked, but the Lu envoy was lame, and the Wei envoy was one-eyed. Therefore, Qi also made people like that to guide the guests. Xi Ke was angered, returned to the river, and said: 'If I do not repay Qi, may the river lord see it!' He arrived in the state and requested permission from the lord, wishing to attack Qi. Duke Jing asked and knew its reason, and said: 'Your resentment—how can it suffice to trouble the country!' He did not listen. Wei Wenzi requested to retire because of old age and avoided Xi Ke. Ke governed in his place.
98
九年，楚莊王卒。 晉伐齊，齊使太子彊為質於晉，晉兵罷。
In the ninth year, King Zhuang of Chu died. Jin attacked Qi. Qi sent the crown prince Qiang as a hostage to Jin, and the Jin troops were dismissed.
99
十一年春，齊伐魯，取隆。 魯告急衛，衛與魯皆因郤克告急於晉。 晉乃使郤克、欒書、韓厥以兵車八百乘與魯、衛共伐齊。 夏，與頃公戰於砹傷困頃公。 頃公乃與其右易位，下取飲，以得脫去。 齊師敗走，晉追北至齊。 頃公獻寶器以求平，不聽。 郤克曰：「必得蕭桐姪子為質。」 齊使曰：「蕭桐姪子，頃公母； 頃公母猶晉君母，柰何必得之？ 不義，請復戰。」 晉乃許與平而去。
In the spring of the eleventh year, Qi attacked Lu and took Long. Lu urgently reported to Wei. Wei and Lu both through Xi Ke urgently reported to the state of Jin. Jin then sent Xi Ke, Luan Shu, and Han Jue with eight hundred war chariots, and together with the states of Lu and Wei, they attacked Qi. In summer, they battled with Duke Qing at Ai, injured him, and trapped Duke Qing. Duke Qing then exchanged position with his right-hand man, descended and took a drink, in order to escape and depart. The Qi army was defeated and fled. Jin pursued them north to Qi. Duke Qing offered treasure vessels to seek peace, but they did not listen. Xi Ke said: 'We must obtain Xiao Tong's nephew as a hostage.' The Qi envoy said: 'Xiao Tong's nephew is Duke Qing's mother; Duke Qing's mother is like the Jin lord's mother. How can we obtain her? This is not righteous. We request to battle again.' Jin then permitted peace and departed.
100
楚申公巫臣盜夏姬以奔晉，晉以巫臣為邢大夫。
Chu's Shen Gong wuchen stole Xia Ji and fled to Jin. Jin made wuchen a grandee of Xing.
101
十二年冬，齊頃公如晉，欲上尊晉景公為王，景公讓不敢。 晉始作六（卿）［軍］，韓厥、鞏朔、趙穿、荀騅、趙括、趙旃皆為卿。 智罃自楚歸。
In the winter of the twelfth year, Duke Qing of Qi went to Jin and desired to advance and honor Duke Jing of Jin as king. Duke Jing declined and dared not. Jin began to make six armies. Han Jue, Gong Shuo, Zhao Chuan, Xun Hui, Zhao Kuo, and Zhao Zhan all became ministers of the state. Zhi Ying returned from Chu.
102
十三年，魯成公朝晉，晉弗敬，魯怒去，倍晉。 晉伐鄭，取氾。
In the thirteenth year, Duke Cheng of Lu attended court at Jin. Jin was not respectful. Lu was angered and departed, double-crossing Jin. Jin attacked Zheng and took Fan.
103
十四年，梁山崩。 問伯宗，伯宗以為不足怪也。
In the fourteenth year, Liang Mountain collapsed. They asked Bo Zong, and Bo Zong considered it insufficiently strange.
104
十六年，楚將子反怨巫臣，滅其族。 巫臣怒，遺子反書曰：「必令子罷於奔命！」 乃請使吳，令其子為吳行人，教吳乘車用兵。 吳晉始通，約伐楚。
In the sixteenth year, the Chu general Zi Fan resented wuchen and extinguished his clan. wuchen was angered, sent Zi Fan a letter, and said: 'I will make you weary from running orders!' He then requested to be an envoy to Wu, ordered his son to become Wu's herald, and taught Wu to ride chariots and use troops. Wu and Jin first opened communications and allied to attack Chu.
105
十七年，誅趙同、趙括，族滅之。 韓厥曰：「趙衰、趙盾之功豈可忘乎？ 柰何絕祀！」 乃復令趙庶子武為趙後，復與之邑。
In the seventeenth year, they executed Zhao Tong and Zhao Kuo, exterminating their clan. Han Jue said: 'How can we forget the merit of Zhao Shuai and Zhao Dun? How can we cut off their sacrifices!' They then again ordered Wu, a secondary son of the Zhao line, to become Zhao’s successor and again gave him a city.
106
十九年夏，景公病，立其太子壽曼為君，是為厲公。 後月餘，景公卒。
In the summer of the nineteenth year, Duke Jing was ill and established his crown prince Shou Man as lord. This was Duke Li. A month later, Duke Jing died.
107
厲公元年，初立，欲和諸侯，與秦桓公夾河而盟。 歸而秦倍盟，與翟謀伐晉。 三年，使呂相讓秦，因與諸侯伐秦。 至涇，敗秦於麻隧，虜其將成差。
In Duke Li's first year, newly established, he desired to harmonize the feudal lords and allied with Duke Huan of Qin, flanking the river. Upon returning, Qin double-crossed the alliance and plotted with Di to attack Jin. In the third year, they sent Lü Xiang to berate Qin, then with the feudal lords attacked Qin. They arrived at Jing, defeated Qin at Masui, and captured the Qin general Chengchai.
108
五年，三郤讒伯宗，殺之。 伯宗以好直諫得此禍，國人以是不附厲公。
In the fifth year, the three Xi clans slandered Bo Zong and killed him. Bo Zong obtained this calamity because of his upright admonitions. The people of the state therefore did not attach themselves to Duke Li.
109
六年春，鄭倍晉與楚盟，晉怒。 欒書曰：「不可以當吾世而失諸侯。」 乃發兵。 厲公自將，五月度河。 聞楚兵來救，范文子請公欲還。 郤至曰：「發兵誅逆，見彊辟之，無以令諸侯。」 遂與戰。 癸巳，射中楚共王目，楚兵敗於鄢陵。 子反收餘兵，拊循欲復戰，晉患之。 共王召子反，其侍者豎陽穀進酒，子反醉，不能見。 王怒，讓子反，子反死。 王遂引兵歸。 晉由此威諸侯，欲以令天下求霸。
In the spring of the sixth year, Zheng double-crossed Jin and allied with Chu. Jin was angered. Luan Shu said: 'We cannot during our generation lose the feudal lords.' They then dispatched troops. Duke Li personally led the army. In the fifth month they crossed the river. They heard that Chu troops had come to rescue them. Fan Wenzi requested that the duke return. Xi Zhi said: 'We have dispatched troops to execute the rebellious. If we see the strong and avoid them, we have no way to command the feudal lords.' They then battled with them. On guisi, they shot and hit King Gong of Chu's eye. The Chu troops were defeated at Yan Ling. Zifan gathered the remaining troops and comforted them, wishing to fight again. Jin was troubled by this. King Gong summoned Zi Fan. His attendant Shu Yang Gu presented wine. Zi Fan got drunk and could not meet with the king. The king was angered and reproached Zi Fan. Zi Fan died. The king then led the troops and returned. From this point, Jin overawed the feudal lords and sought to command the world and pursue hegemony.
110
厲公多外嬖姬，歸，欲盡去群大夫而立諸姬兄弟。 寵姬兄曰胥童，嘗與郤至有怨，及欒書又怨郤至不用其計而遂敗楚，乃使人閒謝楚。 楚來詐厲公曰：「鄢陵之戰，實至召楚，欲作亂，內子周立之。 會與國不具，是以事不成。」 厲公告欒書。 欒書曰：「其殆有矣！ 願公試使人之周微考之。」 果使郤至於周。 欒書又使公子周見郤至，郤至不知見賣也。 厲公驗之，信然，遂怨郤至，欲殺之。 八年，厲公獵，與姬飲，郤至殺豕奉進，宦者奪之。 郤至射殺宦者。 公怒，曰：「季子欺予！」 將誅三郤，未發也。 郤鉤欲攻公，曰：「我雖死，公亦病矣。」 郤至曰：「信不反君，智不害民，勇不作亂。 失此三者，誰與我？ 我死耳！」 十二月壬午，公令胥童以兵八百人襲攻殺三郤。 胥童因以劫欒書、中行偃于朝，曰：「不殺二子，患必及公。」 公曰：「一旦殺三卿，寡人不忍益也。」 對曰：「人將忍君。」 公弗聽，謝欒書等以誅郤氏罪：「大夫復位。」 二子頓首曰：「幸甚幸甚！」 公使胥童為卿。 閏月乙卯，厲公游匠驪氏，欒書、中行偃以其黨襲捕厲公，囚之，殺胥童，而使人迎公子周于周而立之，是為悼公。
Duke Li had many favored consorts outside the palace. Upon returning, he wanted to remove the grandees entirely and establish the brothers of those consorts. The favored consort’s brother was named Xu Tong. He had once had a grievance against Xi Zhi, and Luan Shu also resented Xi Zhi because he had not used Luan Shu’s plan before defeating Chu. They then sent someone secretly to apologize to Chu. Chu came and deceived Duke Li, saying: 'In the battle of Yanling, Xi Zhi summoned Chu, intending to create disorder and establish the inner son Zhou. The meeting with the state was not prepared, therefore the matter was not accomplished.' Duke Li told Luan Shu. Luan Shu said: 'It probably has it! I wish the duke would try sending people to Zhou to secretly examine it.' Indeed, they sent Xi Zhi to Zhou. Luan Shu again sent the prince Zhou to meet Xi Zhi. Xi Zhi did not know that he was being betrayed. Duke Li verified the matter and believed it to be true. He then resented Xi Zhi and desired to kill him. In the eighth year, Duke Li went hunting and drank with his consort. Xi Zhi killed a pig and presented it. A eunuch seized it. Xi Zhi shot and killed the eunuch. The duke was angered and said: 'jizi deceives me!' He intended to execute the three Xi, but had not yet sent out the order. Xi Gou desired to attack the duke and said: 'Though I die, the duke will also be harmed.' Xi Zhi said: 'Faithfulness does not betray the lord; wisdom does not harm the people; courage does not create disorder. If I lose these three, who will be with me? I will only die!' In the twelfth month on renwu, the duke ordered Xu Tong to lead eight hundred troops to attack and kill the three Xi. Xu Tong then kidnapped Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan at court and said: 'If we do not kill these two, trouble will certainly reach the duke.' The duke said: 'To suddenly kill three ministers—I cannot bear to do more.' He answered and said: 'The people will bear with the lord.' The duke did not listen, apologized to Luan Shu and the others for the crime of executing the Xi clan, and said: 'The grandees resume their positions.' The two men kowtowed and said: 'Most fortunate, most fortunate!' The duke made Xu Tong a minister. In the leap month on yimao, Duke Li toured the Jiang Li clan. Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan with their faction attacked and captured Duke Li, imprisoned him, killed Xu Tong, and sent people to welcome Prince Zhou from Zhou and establish him. This was Duke Dao.
111
悼公元年正月庚申，欒書、中行偃弒厲公，葬之以一乘車。 厲公囚六日死，死十日庚午，智罃迎公子周來，至絳，刑雞與大夫盟而立之，是為悼公。 辛巳，朝武宮。 二月乙酉，即位。
In Duke Dao's first year, in the first month on gengshen, Luan Shu and Zhonghang Yan assassinated Duke Li and buried him with one chariot. Duke Li was imprisoned for six days and died. Ten days after his death on gengwu, Zhi Ying welcomed Prince Zhou to come. They arrived at Jiang, cut a chicken to ally with the grandees, and established him. This was Duke Dao. On xinsi, he held court at the Wu Palace. In the second month, on yiyou, he took the throne.
112
悼公周者，其大父捷，晉襄公少子也，不得立，號為桓叔，桓叔最愛。 桓叔生惠伯談，談生悼公周。 周之立，年十四矣。 悼公曰：「大父、父皆不得立而辟難於周，客死焉。 寡人自以疏遠，毋幾為君。 今大夫不忘文、襄之意而惠立桓叔之後，賴宗廟大夫之靈，得奉晉祀，豈敢不戰戰乎？ 大夫其亦佐寡人！」 於是逐不臣者七人，修舊功，施德惠，收文公入時功臣後。 秋，伐鄭。 鄭師敗，遂至陳。
Duke Dao Zhou's grandfather Jie was the youngest son of Duke Xiang of Jin. He could not be established as ruler and was styled Huan Shu. Huan Shu was the most loved. Huan Shu begot Hui Bo Tan, and Tan begot Duke Dao Zhou. When Zhou was established, he was fourteen years old. Duke Dao said: 'My grandfather and father both could not be established as rulers and avoided the troubles at Zhou, where they died as guests. I consider myself distant from the succession and hardly worthy to become lord. Now the grandees have not forgotten the intention of Dukes Wen and Xiang and have kindly established Huan Shu's successor. Relying on the spirit of the ancestral temple and the grandees, I have obtained the ability to serve Jin's sacrifices. How dare I not tremble? The grandees should also assist me!' He then expelled seven people who had not acted as subjects, restored old merits, applied virtue and favor, and gathered the descendants of the meritorious officials from Duke Wen's return. In autumn, they attacked Zheng. The Zheng army was defeated, after which they arrived at Chen.
113
三年，晉會諸侯。 悼公問群臣可用者，祁傒舉解狐。 解狐，傒之仇。 復問，舉其子祁午。 君子曰：「祁傒可謂不黨矣！ 外舉不隱仇，內舉不隱子。」 方會諸侯，悼公弟楊干亂行，魏絳戮其仆。 悼公怒，或諫公，公卒賢絳，任之政，使和戎，戎大親附。 十一年，悼公曰：「自吾用魏絳，九合諸侯，和戎、翟，魏子之力也。」 賜之樂，三讓乃受之。 冬，秦取我櫟。
In the third year, Jin convened a meeting with the feudal lords. Duke Dao asked the group of ministers for usable ones, and Qi Xi raised Xie Hu. Xie Hu was Xi's enemy. Asked again, he recommended his son Qiwu. The superior man said: 'Qi Xi can be called not partisan! Externally he raises without concealing his enemy, internally he raises without concealing his son.' Just as they were meeting the feudal lords, Duke Dao's younger brother Yang Gan disrupted the procession. Wei Jiang executed his charioteer. Duke Dao was angered. Some advised the duke, and the duke ultimately valued Jiang, entrusted him with governance, and made him pacify the Rong. The Rong greatly attached closely. In the eleventh year, Duke Dao said: 'Since I used Wei Jiang, I have nine times united the feudal lords and pacified the Rong and Di. This is Wei Zi's strength.' He granted him music. He declined three times before accepting it. In winter, Qin took our Li.
114
十四年，晉使六卿率諸侯伐秦，度涇，大敗秦軍，至棫林而去。
In the fourteenth year, Jin sent the six ministers to lead the feudal lords in attacking Qin. They crossed the Jing, greatly defeated the Qin army, reached Yulin, and departed.
115
十五年，悼公問治國於師曠。 師曠曰：「惟仁義為本。」 冬，悼公卒，子平公彪立。
In the fifteenth year, Duke Dao asked about governing the country from Shi Kuang. Shi Kuang said: 'Only benevolence and righteousness should be the foundation.' In winter, Duke Dao died, and his son Duke Ping Biao was established.
116
平公元年，伐齊，齊靈公與戰靡下，齊師敗走。 晏嬰曰：「君亦毋勇，何不止戰？」 遂去。 晉追，遂圍臨菑，盡燒屠其郭中。 東至膠，南至沂，齊皆城守，晉乃引兵歸。
In Duke Ping's first year, they attacked Qi. Duke Ling of Qi battled at Mi Xia, and the Qi army was defeated and fled. Yan Ying said: 'The lord is also not courageous. Why not stop the battle?' He then departed. Jin pursued, then surrounded Linzi and burned and massacred its outer city completely. From Jiao in the east to Yi in the south, Qi walled its cities and defended. Jin then led the troops back.
117
六年，魯襄公朝晉。 晉欒逞有罪，奔齊。 八年，齊莊公微遣欒逞於曲沃，以兵隨之。 齊兵上太行，欒逞從曲沃中反，襲入絳。 絳不戒，平公欲自殺，范獻子止公，以其徒擊逞，逞敗走曲沃。 曲沃攻逞，逞死，遂滅欒氏宗。 逞者，欒書孫也。 其入絳，與魏氏謀。 齊莊公聞逞敗，乃還，取晉之朝歌去，以報臨菑之役也。
In the sixth year, Duke Xiang of Lu attended court at Jin. Jin's Luan Cheng had a crime and fled to Qi. In the eighth year, Duke Zhuang of Qi secretly sent Luan Cheng to Qu Wo, with troops following him. The Qi troops ascended Taihang. Luan Cheng rebelled from within Quwo, attacked, and entered Jiang. Jiang was not prepared. Duke Ping desired suicide. Fan Xian Zi stopped the duke and with his followers attacked Cheng. Cheng was defeated and fled to Qu Wo. Quwo attacked Cheng. Cheng died, and they then extinguished the Luan clan lineage. Cheng was Luan Shu's grandson. His entry into Jiang had been plotted with the Wei clan. Duke Zhuang of Qi heard that Cheng was defeated, then returned, took Jin's Zhao Ge and departed, to repay the Lin Zi campaign.
118
十年，齊崔杼弒其君莊公。 晉因齊亂，伐敗齊於高唐去，報太行之役也。
In the tenth year, Qi's Cui Zhu assassinated his lord Duke Zhuang. Because Qi was in disorder, Jin attacked and defeated Qi at Gaotang, then departed, avenging the Taihang campaign.
119
十四年，吳延陵季子來使，與趙文子、韓宣子、魏獻子語，曰：「晉國之政，卒歸此三家矣。」
In the fourteenth year, Wu's Yan Ling jizi came as an envoy and spoke with Zhao Wen Zi, Han Xuan Zi, and Wei Xian Zi. He said: 'Jin's governance will ultimately belong to these three houses.'
120
十九年，齊使晏嬰如晉，與叔向語。 叔向曰：「晉，季世也。 公厚賦為臺池而不恤政，政在私門，其可久乎！」 晏子然之。
In the nineteenth year, Qi sent Yan Ying to Jin, where he spoke with Shuxiang. Shu Xiang said: 'Jin is in its final generation. The duke imposes heavy taxes for towers and ponds but neglects government. Power lies in private households. How can this endure for long?' Yan Zi assented to it.
121
二十二年，伐燕。 二十六年，平公卒，子昭公夷立。
In the twenty-second year, they attacked Yan. In the twenty-sixth year, Duke Ping died, and his son Duke Zhao Yi was established.
122
昭公六年卒。 六卿彊，公室卑。 子頃公去疾立。
Duke Zhao died in the sixth year. The six ministers were strong, and the ducal chamber was low. His son Duke Qing Qu Ji was established.
123
頃公六年，周景王崩，王子爭立。 晉六卿平王室亂，立敬王。
In Duke Qing's sixth year, King Jing of Zhou died, and the king's sons contended for establishment. The Jin six ministers pacified the royal chamber's disorder and established King Jing.
124
九年，魯季氏逐其君昭公，昭公居乾侯。 十一年，衛、宋使使請晉納魯君。 季平子私賂范獻子，獻子受之，乃謂晉君曰：「季氏無罪。」 不果入魯君。
In the ninth year, the Lu Ji clan expelled their lord Duke Zhao, and Duke Zhao resided at Qian Hou. In the eleventh year, Wei and Song sent envoys requesting that Jin accept the lord of Lu. Ji Ping Zi privately bribed Fan Xian Zi. Xian Zi received it, then told the Jin lord and said: 'The Ji clan has no crime.' In the end, they did not accept the lord of Lu.
125
十二年，晉之宗家祁傒孫，叔向子，相惡於君。 六卿欲弱公室，乃遂以法盡滅其族。 而分其邑為十縣，各令其子為大夫。 晉益弱，六卿皆大。
In the twelfth year, Jin's ancestral house Qi Xi's grandson and Shu Xiang's son were mutually disliked by the lord. The six ministers wished to weaken the ducal house, so they used the law to exterminate the clan completely. They divided its cities into ten counties, each appointing one of their sons as grandee. Jin became increasingly weak, while all six ministers grew powerful.
126
十四年，頃公卒，子定公午立。 定公十一年，魯陽虎奔晉，趙鞅簡子捨之。 十二年，孔子相魯。
In the fourteenth year, Duke Qing died, and his son Duke dingwu was established. In Duke Ding's eleventh year, the Lu man Yang Hu fled to Jin, and Zhao Yang Jianzi gave him shelter. In the twelfth year, Kong Qiu became chief minister of Lu.
127
十五年，趙鞅使邯鄲大夫午，不信，欲殺午，午與中行寅、范吉射親攻趙鞅，鞅走保晉陽。 定公圍晉陽。 荀櫟、韓不信、魏侈與范、中行為仇，乃移兵伐范、中行。 范、中行反，晉君擊之，敗范、中行。 范、中行走朝歌，保之。 韓、魏為趙鞅謝晉君，乃赦趙鞅，復位。 二十二年，晉敗范、中行氏，二子奔齊。
In the fifteenth year, Zhao Yang sent the Han Dan grandee Wu, but he was not trusted and desired to kill Wu. Wu, with Zhonghang Yin and Fan Ji She, personally attacked Zhao Yang. Yang fled and defended Jin Yang. Duke Ding surrounded Jin Yang. Xun Yue, Han Bu Xin, and Wei Chi were enemies with Fan and Zhonghang, so they shifted the troops to attack Fan and Zhonghang. Fan and Zhonghang rebelled. The Jin lord attacked them and defeated Fan and Zhonghang. Fan and Zhonghang fled to Zhao Ge and defended it. Han and Wei apologized to the lord of Jin on Zhao Yang’s behalf, and he was then pardoned and restored to office. In the twenty-second year, Jin defeated the Fan and Zhonghang clans, and the two sons fled to Qi.
128
三十年，定公與吳王夫差會黃池，爭長，趙鞅時從，卒長吳。
In the thirtieth year, Duke Ding met with King Fu Chai of Wu at Huang Chi and contended for seniority. Zhao Yang followed at the time, and ultimately Wu was senior.
129
三十一年，齊田常弒其君簡公，而立簡公弟驁為平公。 三十三年，孔子卒。
In the thirty-first year, Qi's Tian Chang assassinated his lord Duke Jian, and established Duke Jian's younger brother Ao as Duke Ping. In the thirty-third year, Kong Qiu died.
130
三十七年，定公卒，子出公鑿立。
In the thirty-seventh year, Duke Ding died, and his son Duke Chu Zao was established.
131
出公十七年，知伯與趙、韓、魏共分范、中行地以為邑。 出公怒，告齊、魯，欲以伐四卿。 四卿恐，遂反攻出公。 出公奔齊，道死。 故知伯乃立昭公曾孫驕為晉君，是為哀公。
In Duke Chu's seventeenth year, Zhi Bo, together with Zhao, Han, and Wei, divided the Fan and Zhonghang lands into their cities. Duke Chu was angered and told Qi and Lu, desiring to attack the four ministers with them. The four ministers feared, so they then counterattacked Duke Chu. Duke Chu fled to Qi and died on the road. Therefore, Zhi Bo then established Duke Zhao's great-grandson Jiao as the Jin lord. This was Duke Ai.
132
哀公大父雍，晉昭公少子也，號為戴子。 戴子生忌。 忌善知伯，蚤死，故知伯欲盡并晉，未敢，乃立忌子驕為君。 當是時，晉國政皆決知伯，晉哀公不得有所制。 知伯遂有范、中行地，最彊。
Duke Ai's grandfather Yong was the youngest son of Duke Zhao of Jin and was styled Dai Zi. Dai Zi begot Ji. Ji was good to Zhi Bo but died early. Therefore, Zhi Bo desired to completely annex Jin but did not dare, so he established Ji's son Jiao as the lord. At this time, all the governance of Jin was decided by Zhi Bo, and Duke Ai of Jin could not exercise any control over it. Zhi Bo then possessed the Fan and Zhonghang lands and was the strongest.
133
哀公四年，趙襄子、韓康子、魏桓子共殺知伯，盡并其地。
In Duke Ai's fourth year, Zhao Xiangzi, Han Kangzi, and Wei Huanzi together killed Zhi Bo and annexed all his lands.
134
十八年，哀公卒，子幽公柳立。
In the eighteenth year, Duke Ai died, and his son Duke You Liu was established.
135
幽公之時，晉畏，反朝韓、趙、魏之君。 獨有絳、曲沃，餘皆入三晉。
During the time of Duke You, Jin was afraid and instead attended court to the lords of Han, Zhao, and Wei. They possessed only Jiang and Quwo; all the rest passed into the hands of the three Jin.
136
十五年，魏文侯初立。 十八年，幽公淫婦人，夜竊出邑中，盜殺幽公。 魏文侯以兵誅晉亂，立幽公子止，是為烈公。
In the fifteenth year, Marquis Wen of Wei was newly established. In the eighteenth year, Duke You was licentious with women. At night, he secretly left the city, and a thief killed Duke You. Marquis Wen of Wei used troops to punish the disorder in Jin and established Zhi, son of Duke You, as the lord. This was Duke Lie.
137
烈公十九年，周威烈王賜趙、韓、魏皆命為諸侯。
In Duke Lie's nineteenth year, King Wei Lie of Zhou granted Zhao, Han, and Wei all to be appointed as the feudal lords.
138
二十七年，烈公卒，子孝公頎立。 孝公九年，魏武侯初立，襲邯鄲，不勝而去。 十七年，孝公卒，子靜公俱酒立。 是歲，齊威王元年也。
In the twenty-seventh year, Duke Lie died, and his son Duke Xiao Si was established. In Duke Xiao's ninth year, Marquis Wu of Wei was first established. He attacked the city of Han Dan but was not victorious and then departed. In the seventeenth year, Duke Xiao died, and his son Duke Jing Ju Jiu was established. This year was King Wei of Qi's first year.
139
靜公二年，魏武侯、韓哀侯、趙敬侯滅晉後而三分其地。 靜公遷為家人，晉絕不祀。
In Duke Jing's second year, Marquis Wu of Wei, Marquis Ai of Han, and Marquis Jing of Zhao extinguished Jin's remnant and three-way divided the lands. Duke Jing was moved to become a commoner. Jin was absolutely not sacrificed to.
140
太史公曰：晉文公，古所謂明君也，亡居外十九年，至困約，及即位而行賞，尚忘介子推，況驕主乎？ 靈公既弒，其後成、景致嚴，至厲大刻，大夫懼誅，禍作。 悼公以後日衰，六卿專權。 故君道之御其臣下。 固不易哉！
The Grand Historian said: Duke Wen of Jin was what the ancients called an enlightened lord. He fled and resided outside for nineteen years, in extreme distress and constraint. When he ascended the throne and performed rewards, he still forgot Jie Zi Tui. How much more so would arrogant lords? Duke Ling was already assassinated. His descendants Cheng and Jing brought severity. To Li was greatly harsh. The grandees feared execution, and calamity arose. After Duke Dao, it daily declined, and the six ministers monopolized power. Therefore, the way of the lord in controlling his ministers below. Indeed, it is not easy!