1
微子開者，殷帝乙之首子而帝紂之庶兄也。 紂既立，不明，淫亂於政，微子數諫，紂不聽。 及祖伊以周西伯昌之修德，滅黎國，懼禍至，以告紂。 紂曰：「我生不有命在天乎？ 是何能為！」 於是微子度紂終不可諫，欲死之，及去，未能自決，乃問於太師、少師曰：「殷不有治政，不治四方。 我祖遂陳於上，紂沈湎於酒，婦人是用，亂敗湯德於下。 殷既小大好草竊姦宄，卿士師師非度，皆有罪辜，乃無維獲，小民乃并興，相為敵讎。 今殷其典喪！ 若涉水無津涯。 殷遂喪，越至于今。」 曰：「太師，少師，我其發出往？ 吾家保于喪？ 今女無故告予，顛躋，如之何其？」 太師若曰：「王子，天篤下菑亡殷國，乃毋畏畏，不用老長。 今殷民乃陋淫神祇之祀。 今誠得治國，國治身死不恨。 為死，終不得治，不如去。」 遂亡。
Wei Zi Kai was the eldest son of Emperor Yi of Yin and the elder half-brother of Emperor Zhou. Zhou was already established but unenlightened. He was licentious and chaotic in the government. Wei Zi frequently admonished him, but Zhou would not listen. And Zu Yi, because Zhou's Xi Bo Chang cultivated virtue and extinguished the Li state, feared calamity would arrive, so he told Zhou. Zhou said: 'Do I not have a mandate from heaven?' What can this do to me!' Then Wei Zi judged that Zhou was finally not admonishable. He desired to die for it, and to go, but was not able to decide for himself. He then asked Tai Shi and Shao Shi, saying: 'Yin does not have good governance, and does not govern the four directions. My ancestor Sui displayed his virtue above. Zhou is immersed in wine and uses women, chaotically defeating the virtue of Tang below. Yin already, from small to great, delights in bandits, thieves, and wicked evildoers. The qing and shi follow each other not according to measure, and all have crime and guilt. Then there is no support to obtain. The small people then all rise up together, becoming enemies and foes to each other. Now Yin has lost its rules! It is like fording water with no bank or shore. Yin then perished, extending to the present.' He said: 'Tai Shi, Shao Shi, should I set out and go? Can my family be preserved in this perished state?' Now you tell me without reason, and I fall and stumble. What should I do about the matter?' Tai Shi Ruo said: 'Prince, heaven has thickly sent down calamity to perish the Yin state. Then he does not fear what should be feared, and does not use the elders. Now the Yin people are vulgar and licentiously sacrificing to the spirits. Now if I truly obtain to govern the state, and the state is governed and my body dies, I will not regret it. If I die, I will finally not obtain to govern. It is not as good to go.' He then fled.
2
箕子者，紂親戚也。 紂始為象箸，箕子嘆曰：「彼為象箸，必為玉桮； 為桮，則必思遠方珍怪之物而御之矣。 輿馬宮室之漸自此始，不可振也。」 紂為淫泆，箕子諫，不聽。 人或曰：「可以去矣。」 箕子曰：「為人臣諫不聽而去，是彰君之惡而自說於民，吾不忍為也。」 乃被髪詳狂而為奴。 遂隱而鼓琴以自悲，故傳之曰箕子操。
Ji Zi was Zhou's relative. Zhou began to make ivory chopsticks. Ji Zi sighed and said: 'If he makes ivory chopsticks, he must make the jade cups; To make the cups, one must then think of precious and strange things from distant places and use them. The gradual decline of chariots, horses, and palace chambers begins from this, and cannot be revived.' Zhou committed licentious excesses. Ji Zi admonished him, but he would not listen. Someone said: 'You can go.' Ji Zi said: 'To be a minister, admonish and not be listened to, and then go, is to display the lord's evil and please oneself to the people. I cannot bear to do this.' He then disheveled his hair, pretended to be mad, and became a slave. He then hid himself and played the zither to grieve for himself. Therefore it is transmitted as the Ji Zi Cao.
3
王子比干者，亦紂之親戚也。 見箕子諫不聽而為奴，則曰：「君有過而不以死爭，則百姓何辜！」 乃直言諫紂。 紂怒曰：「吾聞聖人之心有七竅，信有諸乎？」 乃遂殺王子比干，刳視其心。
Prince Bi Gan was also Zhou's relative. He saw that Ji Zi admonished and was not listened to, and became a slave. He then said: 'If the lord has errors and one does not contend with death, then what guilt do the hundred surnames have!' He then straightforwardly admonished Zhou. Zhou was angered and said: 'I have heard that a sage person's heart has seven apertures. Is this truly so?' He then killed Prince Bi Gan, cut him open, and viewed his heart.
4
微子曰：「父子有骨肉，而臣主以義屬。 故父有過，子三諫不聽，則隨而號之； 人臣三諫不聽，則其義可以去矣。」 於是太師、少師乃勸微子去，遂行。
Wei Zi said: 'Father and son have the bond of bone and flesh, while minister and lord are connected by righteousness. Therefore, if a father has errors, and a son admonishes three times and is not listened to, then he follows and cries for him; If a minister admonishes three times and is not listened to, then according to righteousness he can go.' Then the Tai Shi and Shao Shi urged Wei Zi to go, and he then went.
5
周武王伐紂克殷，微子乃持其祭器造於軍門，肉袒面縛，左牽羊，右把茅，膝行而前以告。 於是武王乃釋微子，復其位如故。
Zhou's King Wu attacked Zhou and conquered Yin. Wei Zi then held his sacrificial vessels and went to the army gate, baring his flesh and binding his face, left hand leading a sheep, right hand grasping thatch, knee-walking forward to inform. Then King Wu released Wei Zi and restored his position as before.
6
武王封紂子武庚祿父以續殷祀，使管叔、蔡叔傅相之。
King Wu enfeoffed Zhou's son Wu Geng Lu Fu to continue the Yin sacrifices, and made Guan Shu and Cai Shu tutor and assist him.
7
武王既克殷，訪問箕子。
King Wu had already conquered Yin and inquired of Ji Zi.
8
武王曰：「於乎！ 維天陰定下民，相和其居，我不知其常倫所序。」
King Wu said: 'Alas! Only heaven secretly settles the lower people and mutually harmonizes their residence. I do not know the constant order where it is arranged.' Only heaven secretly settles the lower people and mutually harmonizes their residence. I do not know the constant order where it is arranged.'
9
箕子對曰：「在昔鯀陻鴻水，汨陳其五行，帝乃震怒，不從鴻範九等，常倫所斁。 鯀則殛死，禹乃嗣興。 天乃錫禹鴻範九等，常倫所序。
Ji Zi replied: 'In former times, Gun dammed the great water and confusedly displayed its five phases. The Emperor then angrily shook, and did not follow the great pattern of nine grades, and the constant order was abandoned. Gun was then executed and died. Yu then succeeded and rose. Heaven then granted Yu the great pattern's nine grades, where the constant order was arranged.
10
「初一曰五行； 二曰五事； 三曰八政； 四曰五紀； 五曰皇極； 六曰三德； 七曰稽疑； 八曰庶徵； 九曰嚮用五福，畏用六極。
'The first is called the five phases; the second is called the five matters; the third is called the eight governments; the fourth is called the five records; the fifth is called the royal pole; the sixth is called the three virtues; the seventh is called examining doubts; the eighth is called the many signs; the ninth is called facing and using the five blessings, and fearing and using the six extremes.
11
「五行：一曰水，二曰火，三曰木，四曰金，五曰土。 水曰潤下，火曰炎上，木曰曲直，金曰從革，土曰稼穡。 潤下作鹹，炎上作苦，曲直作酸，從革作辛，稼穡作甘。
'The five phases: the first is called water, the second is called fire, the third is called wood, the fourth is called metal, the fifth is called earth. Water is called the moistening downward. Fire is called the flaming upward. Wood is called the bending and straightening. Metal is called the following change. Earth is called the plowing and harvesting. The moistening downward makes salty. The flaming upward makes bitter. The bending and straightening makes sour. The following change makes pungent. The plowing and harvesting makes sweet.
12
「五事：一曰貌，二曰言，三曰視，四曰聽，五曰思。 貌曰恭，言曰從，視曰明，聽曰聰，思曰睿。 恭作肅，從作治，明作智，聰作謀，睿作聖。
'The five matters: the first is called appearance, the second is called speech, the third is called seeing, the fourth is called hearing, the fifth is called thinking. Appearance is called the respectful. Speech is called the compliant. Seeing is called the clear. Hearing is called the acute. Thinking is called the profound. The respectful makes solemn. The compliant makes orderly. The clear makes wise. The acute makes plans. The profound makes sage.
13
「八政：一曰食，二曰貨，三曰祀，四曰司空，五曰司徒，六曰司寇，七曰賓，八曰師。
'The eight governments: the first is called food, the second is called goods, the third is called sacrifices, the fourth is called Si Kong, the fifth is called Si Tu, the sixth is called Si Kou, the seventh is called guests, the eighth is called the army.
14
「五紀：一曰歲，二曰月，三曰日，四曰星辰，五曰歷數。
'The five records: the first is called the year, the second is called the month, the third is called the day, the fourth is called the stars and planets, the fifth is called the calendar numbers.
15
「皇極：皇建其有極，斂時五福，用傅錫其庶民，維時其庶民于女極，錫女保極。 凡厥庶民，毋有淫朋，人毋有比德，維皇作極。 凡厥庶民，有猷有為有守，女則念之。 不協于極，不離于咎，皇則受之。 而安而色，曰予所好德，女則錫之福。 時人斯其維皇之極。 毋侮寡而畏高明。 人之有能有為，使羞其行，而國其昌。 凡厥正人，既富方穀。 女不能使有好于而家，時人斯其辜。 于其毋好，女雖錫之福，其作女用咎。 毋偏毋頗，遵王之義。 毋有作好，遵王之道。 毋有作惡，遵王之路。 毋偏毋黨，王道蕩蕩。 毋黨毋偏，王道平平。 毋反毋側，王道正直。 會其有極，歸其有極。 曰王極之傅言，是夷是訓，于帝其順。 凡厥庶民，極之傅言，是順是行，以近天子之光。 曰天子作民父母，以為天下王。
'The royal pole: the king establishes his having the pole, gathers the timely five blessings, uses them to spread and grant to his common people. Only then do his common people follow your pole, and grant you to preserve the pole. All their common people shall not have licentious companions. People shall not have comparable virtue. Only the king makes the pole. All their common people who have plans, have actions, and have holdings—you then think of the matter. Not agreeing at the pole, not separating at calamity—the king then accepts it. Their peaceful appearance—they said 'I what good virtue'—you then grant them the blessings. Timely people—this is their only wang pole. Do not insult the few and fear the high and bright. People who have ability and action—make them ashamed of their conduct, and the state will prosper. All their upright people are already rich in each valley. You cannot make there be good in your family. The timely people—this is their crime. At their not being good, though you grant them the blessings, they will make you use calamity. Not partial, not inclined—follow the wang's righteousness. Do not have making good—follow the wang's way. Do not have making evil—follow the wang's road. Not partial, not factional—the wang's way is broad and broad. Not factional, not partial—the wang's way is level and level. Not contrary, not slanted—the wang's way is straight and upright. Gather their having a pole. Return their having a pole. The wang pole's spread words—this is even, this is instruction. To the emperor it is compliant. All their common people—the pole's spread words—this is compliant, this is action, to approach the Tian Zi's light. It is said the Tian Zi makes himself the people's parents, to be the wang of the world.
16
「三德：一曰正直，二曰剛克，三曰柔克。 平康正直，彊不友剛克，內友柔克，沈漸剛克，高明柔克。 維辟作福，維辟作威，維辟玉食。 臣無有作福作威玉食。 臣有作福作威玉食，其害于而家，凶于而國，人用側頗辟，民用僭忒。
'The three virtues: the first is called upright and straight, the second is called firm overcoming, the third is called gentle overcoming. Peace and calm are upright and straight. The strong but not friendly uses firm overcoming. The inner friendly uses gentle overcoming. The deep and gradual uses firm overcoming. The high and bright uses gentle overcoming. Only the ruler makes blessings. Only the ruler makes awe. Only the ruler has jade food. Ministers shall not have making blessings, making awe, or jade food. If ministers have making blessings, making awe, or jade food—it harms your family and is calamitous for your state. The people use slanted and inclined rulers. The people use presumptuous and deviant ways.
17
「稽疑：擇建立卜筮人。 乃命卜筮，曰雨，曰濟，曰涕，曰霧，曰克，曰貞，曰悔，凡七。 卜五，占之用二，衍貣。 立時人為卜筮，三人占則從二人之言。 女則有大疑，謀及女心，謀及卿士，謀及庶人，謀及卜筮。 女則從，龜從，筮從，卿士從，庶民從，是之謂大同，而身其康彊，而子孫其逢吉。 女則從，龜從，筮從，卿士逆，庶民逆，吉。 卿士從，龜從，筮從，女則逆，庶民逆，吉。 庶民從，龜從，筮從，女則逆，卿士逆，吉。 女則從，龜從，筮逆，卿士逆，庶民逆，作內吉，作外凶。 龜筮共違于人，用靜吉，用作凶。
'Examine doubts: select and establish divination people. Then command the divination: called rain, called aid, called tear, called fog, called overcome, called upright, called regret—altogether seven. Divine five times, use two for the divination, and extend greedily. Establish timely people as divination. If three people divine, then follow the two people's words. You then have great doubt—plan reaching your heart, plan reaching the qing shi, plan reaching the common people, plan reaching divination. You then follow, the turtle follows, divination follows, the qing shi follow, the common people follow—this is called great unity, and your body will be peaceful and strong, and your descendants will meet with auspiciousness. You then follow, the turtle follows, divination follows, the qing shi are contrary, the common people are contrary—auspicious. The qing shi follow, the turtle follows, divination follows, you are contrary, the common people are contrary—auspicious. The common people follow, the turtle follows, divination follows, you are contrary, the qing shi are contrary—auspicious. You then follow, the turtle follows, divination is contrary, the qing shi are contrary, the common people are contrary—making inner affairs auspicious, making outer affairs inauspicious. Turtle and divination together contrary to people—using quiet is auspicious, using action is inauspicious.
18
「庶徵：曰雨，曰陽，曰奧，曰寒，曰風，曰時。 五者來備，各以其序，庶草繁廡。 一極備，凶。 一極亡，凶。 曰休徵：曰肅，時雨若，曰治，時暘若； 曰知，時奧若； 曰謀，時寒若； 曰聖，時風若。 曰咎徵：曰狂，常雨若； 曰僭，常暘若； 曰舒，常奧若； 曰急，常寒若； 曰霧，常風若。 王眚維歲，卿士維月，師尹維日。 歲月日時毋易，百穀用成，治用明，畯民用章，家用平康。 日月歲時既易，百穀用不成，治用昏不明，畯民用微，家用不寧。 庶民維星，星有好風，星有好雨。 日月之行，有冬有夏。 月之從星，則以風雨。
'The many signs: called rain, called sunshine, called warm, called cold, called wind, called season. The five come prepared, each in their order, and many grasses are luxuriant and full. One extreme prepared—inauspicious. One extreme gone—inauspicious. Called the auspicious signs: called solemn, timely rain like, called orderly, timely sunshine like; Called wisdom, timely warm like; Called planning, timely cold like; Called sage, timely wind as it should be. Called the calamitous signs: called madness, constant rain like; Called usurpation, constant sunshine like; Called laxity, constant warm like; Called urgency, constant cold like; Called fog, constant wind as it should be. The wang's blemish affects only the year. The qing shi affects only the month. The shi yin affects only the day. Year, month, day, and season do not change. The hundred grains mature. Governance is clear. Good people are manifest. Families are peaceful and healthy. Day, month, year, and season have already changed. The hundred grains do not mature. Governance is dark and not clear. Good people are subtle. Families are not peaceful. The common people are only stars. Stars have good wind. Stars have good rain. The movement of the sun and moon has winter and has summer. When the moon follows the stars, it then brings wind and rain.
19
「五福：一曰壽，二曰富，三曰康寧，四曰攸好德，五曰考終命。 六極：一曰凶短折，二曰疾，三曰憂，四曰貧，五曰惡，六曰弱。」
'The five blessings: the first is called longevity, the second is called wealth, the third is called peaceful and healthy, the fourth is called practicing good virtue, the fifth is called examining the end of life. The six extremes: the first is called inauspicious, short, and broken; the second is called illness; the third is called worry; the fourth is called poverty; the fifth is called evil; the sixth is called weak.'
20
於是武王乃封箕子於朝鮮而不臣也。
Then King Wu enfeoffed Ji Zi at Joseon and did not make him a vassal.
21
其後箕子朝周，過故殷虛，感宮室毀壞，生禾黍，箕子傷之，欲哭則不可，欲泣為其近婦人，乃作麥秀之詩以歌詠之。 其詩曰：「麥秀漸漸兮，禾黍油油。 彼狡僮兮，不與我好兮！」 所謂狡童者，紂也。 殷民聞之，皆為流涕。
After that, Ji Zi paid court to Zhou. He passed the former Yin ruins, felt the palace chambers were destroyed and broken, growing wheat and millet. Ji Zi grieved for it. He desired to cry but it was not permissible. He desired to weep but it was because he was near women. He then made the 'Mai Xiu' poem to sing and chant it. The poem said: 'Wheat ear gradually gradually, millet grain oily oily. That crafty boy, not with me good!' What was called the crafty boy was Zhou. The Yin people heard it and all shed streaming tears.
22
武王崩，成王少，周公旦代行政當國。 管、蔡疑之，乃與武庚作亂，欲襲成王、周公。 周公既承成王命誅武庚，殺管叔，放蔡叔，乃命微子開代殷後，奉其先祀，作微子之命以申之，國于宋。 微子故能仁賢，乃代武庚，故殷之餘民甚戴愛之。
King Wu died. King Cheng was young. The Duke of Zhou Dan substituted and administered the government, holding the state. Guan and Cai doubted it. They then made rebellion with Wu Geng, desiring to attack King Cheng and the Duke of Zhou. The Duke of Zhou had already received King Cheng's command to execute Wu Geng, kill Guan Shu, and banish Cai Shu. He then commanded Wei Zi Kai to replace the Yin descendants, offer their ancestor sacrifices, made the Wei Zi command to repeat it, and established the state at Song. Wei Zi was therefore able to be benevolent and worthy. He then replaced Wu Geng. Therefore Yin's remnant people greatly revered and loved the man.
23
釐公十七年，周厲王出奔彘。
In Duke Xi's seventeenth year, King Li of Zhou fled to Zhi.
24
二十八年，釐公卒，子惠公覵立。 惠公四年，周宣王即位。 三十年，惠公卒，子哀公立。 哀公元年卒，子戴公立。
In the twenty-eighth year, Duke Xi died, and his son Duke Hui Bi succeeded him. In Duke Hui's fourth year, King Xuan of Zhou ascended the throne. In the thirtieth year, Duke Hui died, and his son Duke Ai succeeded him. Duke Ai died in his first year, and his son Duke Dai succeeded him.
25
戴公二十九年，周幽王為犬戎所殺，秦始列為諸侯。
In Duke Dai's twenty-ninth year, King You of Zhou was killed by the Quan Rong. Qin began to be ranked as feudal lords.
26
三十四年，戴公卒，子武公司空立。 武公生女為魯惠公夫人，生魯桓公。 十八年，武公卒，子宣公力立。
In the thirty-fourth year, Duke Dai died, and his son Duke Wu Si Kong succeeded him. Duke Wu gave birth to a daughter who became Duke Hui of Lu's wife. She gave birth to Duke Huan of Lu. In the eighteenth year, Duke Wu died, and his son Duke Xuan Li succeeded him.
27
宣公有太子與夷。 十九年，宣公病，讓其弟和，曰：「父死子繼，兄死弟及，天下通義也。 我其立和。」 和亦三讓而受之。 宣公卒，弟和立，是為穆公。
Duke Xuan had a crown prince named Yu Yi. In the nineteenth year, Duke Xuan was ill. He yielded to his younger brother He, saying: 'When a father dies, a son succeeds. When an elder brother dies, a younger brother reaches. This is the world's common righteousness. I should establish He.' He also yielded three times, then accepted it. Duke Xuan died. His younger brother He ascended, who became Duke Mu.
28
穆公九年，病，召大司馬孔父謂曰：「先君宣公捨太子與夷而立我，我不敢忘。 我死，必立與夷也。」 孔父曰：「群臣皆願立公子馮。」 穆公曰：「毋立馮，吾不可以負宣公。」 於是穆公使馮出居于鄭。 八月庚辰，穆公卒，兄宣公子與夷立，是為殤公。 君子聞之，曰：「宋宣公可謂知人矣，立其弟以成義，然卒其子復享之。
In Duke Mu's ninth year, he was ill. He summoned the grand si ma Kong Fu and told him: 'The former lord Duke Xuan abandoned crown prince Yu Yi and established me. I dare not forget. When I die, you must establish Yu Yi.' Kong Fu said: 'The multitude of ministers all wish to establish Prince Ping.' Duke Mu said: 'Do not establish Ping. I cannot betray the Duke Xuan.' Then Duke Mu made Ping exit and reside at Zheng. In the eighth month, on Geng Chen, Duke Mu died. His elder brother Duke Xuan's son Yu Yi ascended, who became Duke Shang. A gentleman heard it and said: 'Song's Duke Xuan can be called one who knows people. He established his younger brother to complete righteousness, yet finally his son again enjoyed it.
29
莊公元年，華督為相。 九年，執鄭之祭仲，要以立突為鄭君。 祭仲許，竟立突。 十九年，莊公卒，子湣公捷立。
In Duke Zhuang's first year, Hua Du served as prime minister. In the ninth year, they seized Zheng's Ji Zhong and coerced him to establish Tu as Zheng's lord. Ji Zhong permitted it, and finally established Tu. In the nineteenth year, Duke Zhuang died, and his son Duke Min Jie succeeded him.
30
十年夏，宋伐魯，戰於乘丘，魯生虜宋南宮萬。 宋人請萬，萬歸宋。 十一年秋，湣公與南宮萬獵，因博爭行，湣公怒，辱之，曰：「始吾敬若； 今若，魯虜也。」 萬有力，病此言，遂以局殺湣公于蒙澤。 大夫仇牧聞之，以兵造公門。 萬搏牧，牧齒著門闔死。 因殺太宰華督，乃更立公子游為君。 諸公子奔蕭，公子御說奔亳。 萬弟南宮牛將兵圍亳。 冬，蕭及宋之諸公子共擊殺南宮牛，弒宋新君游而立湣公弟御說，是為桓公。 宋萬奔陳。 宋人請以賂陳。 陳人使婦人飲之醇酒，以革裹之，歸宋。 宋人醢萬也。
In the tenth year, in summer, Song attacked Lu and battled at Cheng Qiu. Lu captured Song's Nan Gong Wan alive. The Song people requested Wan, and Wan returned to Song. In the eleventh year, in autumn, Duke Min hunted with Nan Gong Wan. Because of gambling they contended over the route. Duke Min was angered and humiliated him, saying: 'At the beginning I respected you; Now you are a Lu captive.' Wan had strength and resented these words. He then used a chessboard to kill Duke Min at Meng Ze. The grand officer Qiu Mu heard of it and went to the gong's gate with troops. Wan wrestled with Mu. Mu's teeth bit the gate latch and he died. He then killed the Grand Steward Hua Du, and changed to establish Prince You as lord. The various princes fled to Xiao. Prince Yu Yue fled to Bo. Wan's younger brother Nan Gong Niu led troops and surrounded Bo. In winter, Xiao and Song's various princes together struck and killed Nan Gong Niu, assassinated Song's new lord You, and established Duke Min's younger brother Yu Yue, who became the Duke Huan. Song Wan fled to Chen. The Song people requested with a bribe to Chen. The Chen people made a woman give him pure wine to drink, wrapped him in leather, and returned him to Song. The Song people minced Wan.
31
襄公七年，宋地茀星如雨，與雨偕下； 六鶂退蜚，風疾也。
In Duke Xiang's seventh year, stars fell on Song's earth like rain, descending together with the rain; Six pheasants retreated and flew—the wind was violent.
32
八年，齊桓公卒，宋欲為盟會。 十二年春，宋襄公為鹿上之盟，以求諸侯於楚，楚人許之。 公子目夷諫曰：「小國爭盟，禍也。」 不聽。 秋，諸侯會宋公盟于盂。 目夷曰：「禍其在此乎？ 君欲已甚，何以堪之！」 於是楚執宋襄公以伐宋。 冬，會于亳，以釋宋公。 子魚曰：「禍猶未也。」 十三年夏，宋伐鄭。 子魚曰：「禍在此矣。」 秋，楚伐宋以救鄭。 襄公將戰，子魚諫曰：「天之棄商久矣，不可。」 冬，十一月，襄公與楚成王戰于泓。 楚人未濟，目夷曰：「彼眾我寡，及其未濟擊之。」 公不聽。 已濟未陳，又曰：「可擊。」 公曰：「待其已陳。」 陳成，宋人擊之。 宋師大敗，襄公傷股。 國人皆怨公。 公曰：「君子不困人於阸，不鼓不成列。」 子魚曰：「兵以勝為功，何常言與！ 必如公言，即奴事之耳，又何戰為？」
In the eighth year, Duke Huan of Qi died. Song desired to make an alliance assembly. In the twelfth year, in spring, Duke Xiang of Song made the Lu Shang alliance to seek feudal lords from Chu. The Chu people permitted it. Prince Mu Yi admonished and said: 'A small state contending for an alliance is calamity.' He did not listen. In autumn, the feudal lords assembled and Duke Song allied at Yu. Mu Yi said: 'Is calamity perhaps here? The lord's desire is already excessive. How can one endure it!' Then Chu seized Duke Xiang of Song to attack Song. In winter, they assembled at Bo to release Duke Song. Zi Yu said: 'Calamity is still not yet.' In the thirteenth year, in summer, Song attacked Zheng. Zi Yu said: 'Calamity is here.' In autumn, Chu attacked Song to save Zheng. Duke Xiang was about to battle. Zi Yu admonished and said: 'Heaven abandoned Shang long ago. The battle is not permissible.' In winter, in the eleventh month, Duke Xiang battled with King Cheng of Chu at Hong. The Chu people had not yet crossed. Mu Yi said: 'They are many, we are few. Take advantage while they have not crossed and strike them.' The gong did not listen. They had already crossed but were not yet arrayed. He again said: 'We can strike.' The gong said: 'Wait until they are already arrayed.' The array was completed. The Song people struck them. The Song army was greatly defeated. Duke Xiang was wounded in the thigh. The state people all resented the gong. The gong said: 'A gentleman does not distress people at a narrow pass, and does not drum when ranks are not formed.' Zi Yu said: 'Warriors take victory as merit. What use are the constant words! If it must be as the gong speaks, then we should slave and serve them. What use is battle then?'
33
楚成王已救鄭，鄭享之； 去而取鄭二姬以歸。 叔瞻曰：「成王無禮，其不沒乎？ 為禮卒於無別，有以知其不遂霸也。」
King Cheng of Chu had already saved Zheng, and Zheng feasted him; He left and took Zheng's two ji to return. Shu Zhan said: 'King Cheng is without ritual. Will he not drown? Making ritual end at without distinction, one has reason to know he will not succeed in the hegemony.'
34
是年，晉公子重耳過宋，襄公以傷於楚，欲得晉援，厚禮重耳以馬二十乘。
This year, Jin's Prince Chong Er passed through Song. Duke Xiang, because he was wounded by Chu, desired to obtain Jin's aid. He thickly ritualed Chong Er with twenty chariots of the horses.
35
十四年夏，襄公病傷於泓而竟卒，子成公王臣立。
In the fourteenth year, in summer, Duke Xiang's illness from being wounded at Hong finally caused him to die. His son Duke Cheng Wang Chen succeeded him.
36
十七年，成公卒。 成公弟御殺太子及大司馬公孫固而自立為君。 宋人共殺君御而立成公少子杵臼，是為昭公。
In the seventeenth year, Duke Cheng died. Duke Cheng's younger brother Yu killed the crown prince and Grand Si Ma Gong Sun Gu and self-established as lord. The Song people together killed Lord Yu and established Duke Cheng's young son Chu Jiu, who became Duke Zhao.
37
九年，昭公無道，國人不附。 昭公弟鮑革賢而下士。 先，襄公夫人欲通於公子鮑，不可，乃助之施於國，因大夫華元為右師。 昭公出獵，夫人王姬使衛伯攻殺昭公杵臼。 弟鮑革立，是為文公。
In the ninth year, Duke Zhao had no way. The state people were not attached. Duke Zhao's younger brother Bao Ge was worthy and lowered himself to scholars. Previously, Duke Xiang's wife desired to have relations with Prince Bao. It was not permissible, so she helped him distribute in the state and used Grand Officer Hua Yuan as right teacher. Duke Zhao went hunting. His wife Wang Ji made Wei Bo attack and kill the Duke Zhao Chu Jiu. His younger brother Bao Ge ascended, who became Duke Wen.
38
四年春，（鄭）［楚］命（楚）［鄭］伐宋。 宋使華元將，鄭敗宋，囚華元。 華元之將戰，殺羊以食士，其御羊羹不及，故怨，馳入鄭軍，故宋師敗，得囚華元。 宋以兵車百乘文馬四百匹贖華元。 未盡入，華元亡歸宋。
In the fourth year, in spring, Chu commanded Zheng to attack Song. Song made Hua Yuan lead. Zheng defeated Song and imprisoned Hua Yuan. Hua Yuan was about to battle. He killed a sheep to feed the soldiers. His driver did not obtain mutton soup, so he resented it. He galloped into the Zheng army. Therefore the Song army was defeated, and they obtained and imprisoned Hua Yuan. Song redeemed Hua Yuan with a hundred war chariots and four hundred fine horses. They had not completely entered. Hua Yuan fled and returned to Song.
39
十四年，楚莊王圍鄭。 鄭伯降楚，楚復釋之。
In the fourteenth year, Chu's King Zhuang surrounded Zheng. Duke Zheng surrendered to Chu. Chu again released him.
40
十六年，楚使過宋，宋有前仇，執楚使。 九月，楚莊王圍宋。 十七年，楚以圍宋五月不解，宋城中急，無食，華元乃夜私見楚將子反。 子反告莊王。 王問：「城中何如？」 曰：「析骨而炊，易子而食。」 莊王曰：「誠哉言！ 我軍亦有二日糧。」 以信故，遂罷兵去。
In the sixteenth year, a Chu envoy passed through Song. Song had previous enmity and seized the Chu envoy. In the ninth month, Chu's King Zhuang surrounded Song. In the seventeenth year, Chu had besieged Song for five months without releasing it. The Song city was urgent with no food. Hua Yuan then at night privately saw the Chu general Zi Fan. Zi Fan told King Zhuang. The king asked: 'What is it like in the city? He said: 'We split bones and cook them, and exchange children and eat them.' King Zhuang said: 'Truly these words are so! Our army also has two days of grain.' Because of sincerity, they then stopped the troops and left.
41
二十二年，文公卒，子共公瑕立。 始厚葬。 君子譏華元不臣矣。
In the twenty-second year, Duke Wen died, and his son Duke Gong Xia succeeded him. They began thick burials. The gentleman criticized Hua Yuan for not being a minister.
42
共公（元）［十］年，華元善楚將子重，又善晉將欒書，兩盟晉楚。 十三年，共公卒。 華元為右師，魚石為左師。 司馬唐山攻殺太子肥，欲殺華元，華元奔晉，魚石止之，至河乃還，誅唐山。 乃立共公少子成，是為平公。
In Duke Gong's tenth year, Hua Yuan was good with Chu's general Zi Zhong, and also good with Jin's general Luan Shu. He allied both the Jin and Chu. In the thirteenth year, Duke Gong died. Hua Yuan served as right teacher, Yu Shi served as left teacher. Si Ma Tang Shan attacked and killed Crown Prince Fei. He desired to kill Hua Yuan. Hua Yuan fled to Jin. Yu Shi stopped him. He reached the river and then returned. They executed Tang Shan. They then established Duke Gong's young son Cheng, who became Duke Ping.
43
平公三年，楚共王拔宋之彭城，以封宋左師魚石。 四年，諸侯共誅魚石，而歸彭城於宋。 三十五年，楚公子圍弒其君自立，為靈王。 四十四年，平公卒，子元公佐立。
In Duke Ping's third year, Chu's King Gong seized Song's Peng Cheng to enfeoff the Song's left teacher Yu Shi. In the fourth year, the feudal lords together executed Yu Shi and returned Peng Cheng to Song. In the thirty-fifth year, Chu's Prince Wei assassinated his lord and self-established as King Ling. In the forty-fourth year, Duke Ping died, and his son Duke Yuan Zuo succeeded him.
44
元公三年，楚公子棄疾弒靈王，自立為平王。 八年，宋火。 十年，元公毋信，詐殺諸公子，大夫華、向氏作亂。 楚平王太子建來奔，見諸華氏相攻亂，建去如鄭。 十五年，元公為魯昭公避季氏居外，為之求入魯，行道卒，子景公頭曼立。
In Duke Yuan's third year, Chu's Prince Qi Ji assassinated King Ling and self-established as the King Ping. In the eighth year, Song had a fire. In the tenth year, Duke Yuan had no trust. He falsely killed the various princes. The grand officers of the Hua and Xiang clans made rebellion. Chu's King Ping's crown prince Jian came fleeing. He saw the various Hua clans mutually attacking in chaos. Jian left and went to Zheng. In the fifteenth year, Duke Yuan, for Lu's Duke Zhao, avoided the Ji clan and resided outside. He sought for him to enter Lu. Traveling on the road, he died. His son Duke Jing Tou Man succeeded him.
45
景公十六年，魯陽虎來奔，已復去。 二十五年，孔子過宋，宋司馬桓魋惡之，欲殺孔子，孔子微服去。 三十年，曹倍宋，又倍晉，宋伐曹，晉不救，遂滅曹有之。 三十六年，齊田常弒簡公。
In Duke Jing's sixteenth year, Lu's Yang Hu came fleeing, then again left the state. In the twenty-fifth year, Kong Qiu passed through Song. Song's Si Ma Huan Dai hated him and desired to kill Kong Qiu. Kong Qiu disguised himself and left. In the thirtieth year, Cao betrayed Song, and again betrayed Jin. Song attacked Cao. Jin did not save them. Song then extinguished Cao and possessed it. In the thirty-sixth year, Qi's Tian Chang assassinated Duke Jian.
46
三十七年，楚惠王滅陳。 熒惑守心。 心，宋之分野也。 景公憂之。 司星子韋曰：「可移於相。」 景公曰：「相，吾之股肱。」 曰：「可移於民。」 景公曰：「君者待民。」 曰：「可移於歲。」 景公曰：「歲饑民困，吾誰為君！」 子韋曰：「天高聽卑。 君有君人之言三，熒惑宜有動。」 於是候之，果徙三度。
In the thirty-seventh year, Chu's King Hui extinguished Chen. Ying Huo guarded Xin. Xin is Song's celestial region. Duke Jing worried about it. Si Xing Zi Wei said: 'It can be moved to the prime minister.' Duke Jing said: 'The prime minister is my limbs.' He said: 'It can be moved to the people.' Duke Jing said: 'A lord relies on the people.' He said: 'It can be moved to the year.' Duke Jing said: 'If the year has famine and the people are distressed, for whom am I a lord!' Zi Wei said: 'Heaven is high but hears the low. The lord has three words befitting a lord of people. Ying Huo should have movement.' They then observed it, and indeed it moved three degrees.
47
六十四年，景公卒。 宋公子特攻殺太子而自立，是為昭公。 昭公者，元公之曾庶孫也。 昭公父公孫糾，糾父公子褍秦，褍秦即元公少子也。 景公殺昭公父糾，故昭公怨殺太子而自立。
In the sixty-fourth year, Duke Jing died. Song's Prince Te attacked and killed the crown prince and self-established, who became Duke Zhao. Duke Zhao was Duke Yuan's great-grandson from a concubine. Duke Zhao's father was Gong Sun Jiu. Jiu's father was Prince Ju Qin. Ju Qin was the Duke Yuan's young son. Duke Jing killed Duke Zhao's father Jiu. Therefore Duke Zhao resented it, killed the crown prince, and self-established.
48
昭公四十七年卒，子悼公購由立。 悼公八年卒，子休公田立。 休公田二十三年卒，子辟公辟兵立。 辟公三年卒，子剔成立。 剔成四十一年，剔成弟偃攻襲剔成，剔成敗奔齊，偃自立為宋君。
Duke Zhao died in his forty-seventh year, and his son Duke Dao Gou You succeeded him. Duke Dao died in his eighth year, and his son Duke Xiu Tian succeeded him. Duke Xiu Tian died in his twenty-third year, and his son the Duke Bi Bi Bing succeeded him. Duke Bi died in his third year, and his son Ti Cheng succeeded him. In Ti Cheng's forty-first year, Ti Cheng's younger brother Yan attacked and raided Ti Cheng. Ti Cheng was defeated and fled to Qi. Yan self-established as the Song's lord.
49
君偃十一年，自立為王。 東敗齊，取五城； 南敗楚，取地三百里； 西敗魏軍，乃與齊、魏為敵國。 盛血以韋囊，縣而射之，命曰「射天」。 淫於酒婦人。 群臣諫者輒射之。 於是諸侯皆曰「桀宋」。 「宋其復為紂所為，不可不誅」。 告齊伐宋。 王偃立四十七年，齊湣王與魏、楚伐宋，殺王偃，遂滅宋而三分其地。
In Lord Yan's eleventh year, he self-established as wang. In the east he defeated Qi and took five cities; In the south he defeated Chu and took land three hundred li; In the west he defeated Wei's army, and then became an enemy state with Qi and Wei. He filled a leather bag with blood, hung it and shot it, and named it 'shoot heaven'. He was licentious with wine and women. The multitude of ministers who admonished—he then shot them. Then the feudal lords all said 'Jie Song'. 'Song will again do what Zhou did. It cannot not be executed.' They informed Qi to attack Song. Wang Yan ascended for forty-seven years. Qi's King Min with Wei and Chu attacked Song, killed Wang Yan, then extinguished Song and divided its land into the three parts.
50
太史公曰：孔子稱「微子去之，箕子為之奴，比干諫而死，殷有三仁焉」。 春秋譏宋之亂自宣公廢太子而立弟，國以不寧者十世。 襄公之時，修行仁義，欲為盟主。 其大夫正考父美之，故追道契、湯、高宗，殷所以興，作商頌。 襄公既敗於泓，而君子或以為多，傷中國闕禮義，褒之也，宋襄之有禮讓也。
The Grand Historian said: Kong Qiu praised 'Wei Zi left it, Ji Zi became a slave for it, Bi Gan admonished and died. Yin had three benevolent men.' The Spring and Autumn Annals criticized Song's chaos from Duke Xuan deposing the crown prince and establishing his younger brother. The state was not peaceful for ten generations. In Duke Xiang's time, he practiced benevolence and righteousness and desired to be the alliance leader. His grand officer Zheng Kao Fu praised it, therefore traced the way of Jie, Tang, and Gao Zong—why Yin rose—and made the Shang Song. Duke Xiang was already defeated at Hong, and some gentlemen considered it excessive, hurt China for lacking ritual and righteousness. They praised it—Song Xiang's having the ritual and yielding.