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卷五十二 志第五 天文五

Volume 52 Treatises 5: Astronomy 5

Chapter 52 of 宋史 · History of Song
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Chapter 52
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1
The sun embodies the vital essence of the Great Yang and stands as the celestial image of the sovereign; it advances one degree each day and completes a full circuit of the heavens in a year. If the sun and moon pass over a kingdom ruled according to the Way, their radiance is clear and bright. When the sovereign's virtue reaches its height, the sun's hue grows luminous; when his actions keep proper season, the sun flares with radiance. When supreme virtue first takes root, sun and moon appear like paired jade bi disks joined together. When sovereign and ministers uphold the Way, the character wang appears within the solar disk; when the ruler perfects Heaven's craft, the sun shows all five colors; when a sage appears, the sun crosses the meridian twice in a single day. When the sovereign is virtuous, four cometary rays appear on the sun, their light shooting forth in every direction; If the sun bears two cometary rays, the realm will grant two general pardons within the year.
2
The Rites of Zhou assign the Jin observers the method of the ten solar glow-forms; first, "infusion": the five-colored yin-yang vapors soaking into and invading one another; second, "likeness": cloud vapor taking on visible forms; third, "carving": side vapor thrusting into the solar disk; fourth, "overshadow": mist resting over the sun; fifth, "eclipse": occultation and the loss of solar light; sixth, "murk": a dim, clouded radiance; seventh, "span": a pale arc running through the sun; eighth, "ordering": vapor like a peak astride the sun, or crown, aureole, back, and jade-pendant halos layered in sequence at the sun's side; ninth, "stair": solar halos and rainbows; tenth, "thought": the five colors taking on discernible shapes.
3
When yellow vapor rings the sun on either side, the phenomenon is called embracing qi. when it rests above the sun, it is bearing qi or crown qi; when it lies beneath the sun, it is receiving qi or treading qi; when it appears below the sun to left or right, it is button qi or tassel qi. Embracing qi betokens loyal supporting ministers; the other forms all portend rejoicing and territorial gain—an auspicious sign.
4
西西
A single aureole west of the sun means victory for the western army; east of the sun, for the eastern army; the same rule holds for south and north; even if no war is underway, generals will still be appointed. Two small, round aureoles flanking the sun presage long life for the common people. Three aureoles of yellow-white hue mean joy for the empress; pure white: death and mourning; red: war; azure: pestilence; black: inundation. Four aureoles portend the creation of marquises and kings and rejoicing over one's posterity.
5
Yellow rays on the sun mean the sovereign's blessings will prosper; many yellow gleams betoken tranquil royal rule. A sun stripped of light foretells war, mourning, and ministers plotting in secret. Side vapor beside the sun, white as a mat, means mass death among the troops; black: treacherous ministers appear; if a serpent-like vapor pierces it and the color is azure, grain crops suffer heavy loss; white: war; red: rebellion in the lower ranks; yellow: subordinate officials clash in arms; black: flooding. If black cloud vapor runs through the sun at dawn, a torrential downpour will come within three days. Azure vapor above and below the sun permits the dispatch of armies. Red vapor shaped like a dead serpent portends famine and epidemic disease. Any mixed side vapor thrusting into the sun is an omen of war.
6
A solar halo: if no wind or rain follows within seven days, war is also indicated; on wood days (jia and yi), fear of fire; on fire days (bing and ding), loyalty among the ministers; on earth days (wu and ji), the empress's kin rise in power; on metal days (geng and xin), commanders prosper; on water days (ren and gui), ministers dominate the government. A half-halo means the chief minister is scheming; if yellow, the sign is auspicious; if black, calamity follows. A double halo portends a bountiful harvest; if azure, war breaks out and grain grows dear; if red, locust plagues devastate the land. Three halos mean war will erupt. Four halos mean ministerial rebellion. Five halos foretell war and famine. Six halos mean war and death. Seven halos portend the fall of the realm.
7
When two suns appear at once, the feudal lords plot rebellion, and any ruler who resorts to force without virtue is doomed. A split sun presages invasion by armed enemies. A falling sun means misgovernment in the lower realm. If swallows are seen flying inside the sun at noon, a ruler below will be deposed. A black spot at the sun's center means ministers block the sovereign's light. A sun darkened at noon shows ministers eclipsing the sovereign's wisdom and foretells usurpation or assassination. A blood-red sun means the sovereign perishes and his ministers turn traitor. A sun visible at night portends war, subjects overwhelming their superiors, and catastrophic flooding. Sunlight radiating in all directions means the sovereign loses clear vision. A white rainbow running through the sun foretells turmoil among intimate advisers and rebellion among the feudal lords. A sun red as flame means the sovereign's death. Tusk-like rays on the sun mean treacherous ministers below.
8
西
A solar eclipse is yin overpowering yang; at totality, high ministers are imperiled, subjects rebel against the throne, and war breaks out. An eclipse at the very moment of dawn is deeply ominous for the king. Solar aureoles: on wood days, if the sun bears two or four aureoles and is eclipsed, with white clouds emerging from the disk, war is indicated; on fire days, with black clouds: epidemic disease across the realm; on earth days, with azure clouds: war and mourning; on metal days, with red clouds: a child sovereign reigns; on water days, with yellow clouds: major earthworks are undertaken. An eclipse on wood days affects regions beyond the four seas and is not taken into account in divination; on fire days: the Yangtze, Huai, coastal, and Mount Tai regions; on earth days: the Central Domain and the Yellow and Ji river valleys; on metal days: the lands west of Mount Hua; on water days: the territory north of Mount Chang. Each day-sign is correlated with the territory it rules below. The yin-mao-chen hours, belonging to Wood: the Minister of Education draws forth the conspiracy. The si-wu-wei hours, belonging to Fire: the crown prince draws forth the conspiracy. The shen-you-xu hours, belonging to Metal: the Minister of War. The hai-zi-chou hours, belonging to Water: the Minister of Works.
9
退
The moon embodies the vital essence of the Great Yin and stands as the celestial image of the empress; it completes one circuit of the heavens in a month. When the sovereign is wise, the moon keeps to its proper course; when ministers seize authority, it strays from its path. If powerful ministers dominate affairs and military justice goes awry, the moon veers abruptly south and north; if the empress and her consort clan seize control, it advances or retreats erratically. A change in the moon's color brings disaster; azure: famine; red: war and drought; yellow: rejoicing; black: inundation. If the moon shines bright in daylight, treachery and wickedness flourish. Auspicious vapor beside the moon: a single aureole means a rich harvest; two aureoles: foreign armies prevail; four aureoles together with bearing qi mean the sovereign rejoices and the realm is at peace. If no halo appears all year, war ceases across the realm.
10
西
Shining on the last day of the month and visible in the west is called fei; shining on the first day and visible in the east is called ze ni. Fei portends lax administration; ze ni portends harsh administration. A crescent appearing on the sixth day means ministers dominate the government. A crescent on the seventh day means the sovereign prevails over his adversaries. A crescent on the eighth day means peace throughout the realm. If no crescent appears by the tenth day, commanders perish and armies cannot win.
11
Two moons visible at once portend war, civil chaos, and flooding. If a star enters the moon, the kingdom falls and its generals are destroyed. A white halo running through the moon means a ruler below will be deposed. A white rainbow piercing the moon portends major war. If the moon grows tooth-like projections, rebellious ministers appear below. If the moon grows foot-like projections, the empress's kin seize power.
12
Lunar aureoles, back qi, and jade-pendant qi; a halo accompanied by aureoles: war breaks out within sixty days; azure aureoles: anxiety; red: war; white: mourning; black: the state falls; yellow: rejoicing. Back qi and jade-pendant qi mean subordinate ministers run rampant, bent on mutual destruction—the vapor of strife. Three halos: war erupts; four halos: the state falls; five halos: the empress is imperiled; six halos: the government falls into disorder; seven halos: the lower realm changes its sovereign; eight halos: the state is destroyed; nine halos: war breaks out and territory is lost; ten halos: the realm is remade.
13
In a lunar eclipse, if shadow enters from above, the sovereign strays from the Way; from the side, the chancellor misgoverns; from below, the general breaks discipline. If Jupiter transgresses the moon, war, famine, and mass displacement follow. If Mars transgresses the moon, the commander-in-chief dies, traitorous ministers arise, and the people go hungry. If Saturn transgresses the moon, a minister slays the sovereign; conjunction: famine afflicts the realm. A lunar eclipse involving Saturn: the people disperse; another tradition holds: when the moon transgresses Saturn, the empress is imperiled and the people flee. If Venus transgresses the moon: appearing to the moon's right means the northern/yin states plot rebellion; to the left, the southern/yang states; appearing below the moon: the sovereign dies and the people are displaced.
14
The moon crowned with Venus: war breaks out; entering the moon: the general perishes; conjunction with Venus: the crown prince is in danger. If Mercury transgresses the moon, flooding spreads across the realm. A lunar eclipse involving Mercury: flood and famine. Mercury entering the moon: ministers rebel against the throne. A comet entering the moon or transgressing it: war within twelve years and severe famine; piercing through the moon: ministers rebel against the sovereign. A meteor transgressing the moon: war; entering and extinguishing its light: a kingdom falls; above or below the moon: the realm descends into chaos. If the moon transgresses a fixed star, the corresponding state suffers attack. If a star eclipses the moon, that state's chief minister dies. A star visible inside the moon: the sovereign is imperiled.
15
輿 退
As a rule, the moon completes twenty-nine days and fifty-three parts before meeting the sun again—this is termed new moon conjunction. At new moon, if the moon travels the ecliptic and covers the sun, a solar eclipse occurs—yin overpowering yang, a weighty omen that sages since antiquity have dreaded. If sun and moon align at new moon but the moon's path misses the ecliptic, they conjoin without eclipse. At full moon the moon stands opposite the sun; entering the shadow cone, it is eclipsed—yang overpowering yin, a lesser transformation. Zhu Xi once observed that even a lunar eclipse ending in recovery remains ominous; only if yin withdraws and yields will the two bodies fail to meet in opposition and eclipse. The so-called shadow cone arises because the sun's fire is bright on the outside; directly opposite must lie dark vapor equal in size to the solar disk. These are the principal outlines of solar and lunar conjunction and partial eclipse. Solar eclipses call for moral cultivation; lunar eclipses for refining punishments—since antiquity, rulers who feared such omens turned inward to reform themselves; this is why.
16
退 退 退 退 西退 調
Jupiter governs the east, spring, and the element wood. Among the five human virtues, it corresponds to benevolence; among the five governmental affairs, it corresponds to personal bearing. Moving ahead of its calculated lodge is termed surging ahead; falling back from its lodge is termed lagging behind. When its color is bright, lustrous, and moist, the sovereign lives long and the people prosper. It also presides over good fortune, the Grand Minister of Agriculture, and the harvest of the five grains. Shi Shen says: The state where Jupiter resides must not be attacked—for example, when Jupiter is in mao, no eastern campaign should be launched. Gan De says: The state Jupiter departs from meets misfortune; the state it enters enjoys good fortune; retrograde motion brings dire calamity. It presides over Mount Tai and the regions of Xu, Qing, and Yan, and over the lodges Horn, Neck, Root, Room, Heart, Tail, and Winnowing Basket. When the sovereign's orders go unheeded, Jupiter turns retrograde; entering the yin half of the sky: domestic affairs; entering the yang half: foreign affairs; moving along the yin path: flooding; along the yang path: drought. When the planet appears large: rejoicing; when small: mass death among cattle and horses, and epidemic disease. If it first appears small and grows larger each day, the state it occupies prospers. If it first emerges large and shrinks daily, that state is drained. The Jingzhou Prognostications state: When Jupiter is black, mourning follows; yellow: a bountiful year; white: war; azure: crowded prisons; when the sovereign is tyrannical, its color turns red. Mutual transgression with Mars: major war; standing a few minutes of arc apart counts as transgression: war, and the invader prevails. Obscuring Mars: the state is destroyed. Partial overlap at the edge is termed eclipse. Stationing upon Mars signifies banditry. Remaining in place without moving on is called stationing. Striking Mars: the realm descends into chaos. When both bodies are in motion and meet head-on, the phenomenon is called striking. When planets join in combat, the omen is famine and drought. When two bodies part and meet again, or meet and part again, the phenomenon is termed combat. If Jupiter transgresses Saturn, turns retrograde, and transgresses Saturn again, the crown prince will rebel. Turning westward when it ought to advance eastward is called retrograde motion. When it conjoins with Saturn, internal rebellion arises and the people go hungry. If their horned rays touch and shine as one, the event is called conjunction. When it stations upon Saturn, the city beneath that quarter falls. When Jupiter and Venus mutually transgress, high ministers are removed and the empress meets death. If it strikes Venus, enemies press in from every side. When it stations at Venus, the four seasons lose their proper order. If they join in combat, the commander-in-chief perishes. When Jupiter and Mercury mutually transgress, the crown prince is beset with anxiety. If it strikes Mercury, the sovereign is filled with worry; if it stations there, the fear is of brigands. When they conjoin, ruler and ministers live in accord. If it appears in daylight, the ministers gain in strength. When other stars encroach upon it, the sovereign cannot rest secure. If guest stars transgress or station upon it, the ruler is filled with care. When a meteor strikes it, a dusky black hue means the Grand Minister of Agriculture will die; if red, famine and epidemic disease follow; if yellow, the harvest will be plentiful. If a body presses directly against it, ministers rise in rebellion against their lord.
17
宿 退 輿 西西
Mars presides over the south, the season of summer, and the element of fire. In human affairs it corresponds to the virtue of ritual propriety; among the five governmental concerns, it governs the power of sight. Jin Zhuo writes: "Mars habitually enters the Supreme Palace in the tenth month, emerges once it is constrained, marches in ranks through the lodges, supervises those who lack the Way, and its appearances and disappearances follow no fixed rule." It completes one revolution of the heavens in two years. When Mars emerges, armies take the field; when it withdraws, the hosts break up and disperse. If it retrogrades one or two lodges, the omen is dire: the country over which that lodge presides will know rebellion, robbery, pestilence, bereavement, hunger, and war. Should it wheel about Gouchen, flare with horned rays, quiver, shift hue, and lurch forward and back, the disaster becomes all the more severe. One lodge of retrograde motion portends conflagrations across the land; five lodges: high ministers turn traitor. The Star Classic states: "It governs Mount Huo, the regions of Yang, Jing, and Jiaozhou, and likewise the lodges Ghost, Willow, and the Seven Stars." It also rules the office of Grand Herald, is further identified with the Minister of Works, and as Marshal watches over Chu, Wu, Yue, and the south, judging the failings of sovereign and subject under Heaven. When it travels east, forces mass in the east; when it travels west, forces mass in the west. If the empire is tranquil, Mars hurries on its course. When Mars and Jupiter mutually transgress, the sovereign enfeoffs the heir apparent and proclaims a general pardon. If it strikes Jupiter, an heir is born; if it stations there, the crown prince stands in peril. When Mars and Saturn mutually transgress, war erupts on a vast scale. If it enters Saturn, commanders will turn to rebellion; if it strikes Saturn, blades are drawn in battle; if it stations there, traitors arise within, and the crown prince is endangered. When Mars and Venus mutually transgress, the sovereign dies and armies take the field; if it stations to the north, the heir apparent is filled with care; if to the south, the lesser princes are troubled. If it loops around Venus, a deputy commander perishes. When Mars and Mercury mutually transgress, armies meet defeat. When Mars meets Mercury, drought follows; in autumn there is war, in winter bereavement; if it stations there, the crown prince is anxious, yet an amnesty is proclaimed. When other stars transgress Mars, war begins; if a malefic star strikes it, there is warfare and fire.
18
宿 退宿 調 退 退
Saturn presides over the center, the season of late summer, and the element of earth. In human affairs it corresponds to the virtue of trustworthiness; among the five governmental concerns, it governs the power of reflection. From the founding year of the jiachen sequence, Saturn moves through one lodge per year and completes a full circuit of the heavens in twenty-eight years. When the other four planets all stray from their courses, Saturn is set in motion. The country over which it rests is blessed, women gain good fortune, and no foe should attack it. When Saturn moves away, lands are forfeited. If the sovereign breaks faith, Saturn quakes violently in its course. When swollen it leaps beyond its lodge: overflowing virtue brings added grace, but overflowing punishment means it will not resume its place; when contracted it falls short of its lodge: cramped virtue brings anguish, and shrunken punishment means nothing can flourish. The Star Classic states: "It governs Mount Song and Yuzhou, and also the lodge Well." When it keeps to the middle way, yin and yang fall into balance. One lodge of retrograde motion portends inundation; two lodges: seas surge and rivers break their dikes. If it crosses the meridian in retrograde motion, the government of the empire is overturned and the earth trembles. Wu Xian writes: when Saturn shines brightly, the harvest ripens. If exceedingly bright, the sovereign prospers. If small and faint, the sovereign is beset with care. Green in spring and red in summer mean the empress is glad. A deep green hue in spring foretells a bountiful harvest; a red cast means hunger. If it shows horned rays, war follows. When Saturn transgresses or fights Jupiter, rebellion stirs within; if they conjoin, armies march in the open country. When Saturn and Mars mutually transgress, there is war and mourning; if they conjoin, war and civil strife arise, and men of rank look upon it with dread. When Saturn and Venus mutually transgress, civil war erupts and a great battle is fought; one account adds that the king forfeits his territory. If they conjoin in the Supreme Palace, the realm suffers great war; one account says the state is destroyed. When Mercury transgresses Saturn, war and drought follow. If a malefic star strikes it, lesser officials conspire against their betters. When meteors strike Saturn, the common people are weighed down with countless cares. When Saturn and the moon mutually transgress, armies take the field.
19
西 西 退 退 西
Venus presides over the west, the season of autumn, and the element of metal. In human affairs it corresponds to the virtue of righteousness; among the five governmental concerns, it governs the power of speech. It habitually rises with Mars in the eastern dawn on jiayin day in the first month, remains visible for two hundred forty days, and then sets. Forty days after setting it appears again in the west, stays two hundred forty days, and sets again. Thirty-five days after setting it rises once more in the east. It rises at the hours yin and xu and sets at chou and wei. It completes one revolution of the heavens in a year. If the sun stands at its southern limit and Venus lies south of it, or the sun at its northern limit with Venus to the north, the configuration is called winning: feudal lords grow restless, and in battle to advance brings good fortune while to withdraw brings disaster. If the sun is south and Venus north, or the sun north and Venus south, the configuration is called contracting: feudal lords are filled with anxiety, and in battle retreat is lucky while advance is ruinous. The Star Classic states: "It governs Mount Huayin and the regions Liang, Yong, and Yizhou, and also the lodges Strider, Bond, Stomach, Hairy Head, Net, Beak, and Three Stars." When it rises in the west and strays from its path, neighboring states beyond the borders are broken. When it rises in the east and strays from its path, the central realm is broken. Should it cross the meridian, the empire is overturned and the people gain a new lord; this is termed chaos in the heavenly norm, and the masses scatter in flight. If seen in daylight, contending in brilliance with the sun, mighty states decline while the empress rises; another reading says it governs the fate of high ministers. Wu Xian writes: when Venus shines brightly enough to cast a shadow, armies triumph and the harvest is full. If it burns like flame as it ascends, war breaks out. If its radiance spreads like an opened canopy, a new king is raised below. Whenever Venus and Jupiter mutually transgress, armies are broken and lands are lost. If it transgresses Mars, the invader is beaten and the defender wins. If it transgresses Saturn, the heir apparent is disturbed and lands are forfeited. If it transgresses Mercury, the sovereign goes to war. If it enters the moon, the sovereign dies and troops take the field below. If it strikes the moon's horn, war begins; when the omen falls on the left the central realm wins, on the right the outer states win. If it ought to be visible yet fails to appear, lands are lost and hosts are shattered. When other stars transgress Venus, the crisis is immediate. If a malefic star strikes it, frontier cities go to war. If a guest star transgresses it, the sovereign's soldiers and commanders perish. Whenever Venus attains the noon quarter it hides before the sun; if it advances into wei it crosses the meridian, and the omen is exceedingly severe.
20
西
Mercury presides over the north, the season of winter, and the element of water. In human affairs it corresponds to the virtue of wisdom; among the five governmental concerns, it governs the power of hearing. It habitually appears at Strider and Bond at the spring equinox in the second month, at Well at the summer solstice in the fifth month, at Horn and Neck at the autumn equinox in the eighth month, and at Ox Leader at the winter solstice in the eleventh month. It rises at chen and xu, sets at chou and wei, and disappears after twenty days. At dawn one watches for it in the east; at dusk one watches in the west. It completes one revolution of the heavens in a year. If it appears too early, a lunar eclipse follows; if too late, comets and heavenly anomalies appear. When it misses one season, that season loses its proper balance. When it fails to appear through all four seasons, famine ravages the empire. The Star Classic states: "It governs Mount Chang and the regions Ji, Bing, and Youzhou, and also the lodges Dipper, Ox, Girl, Void, Rooftop, Encampment, and Wall." It further states that it governs Yan, Zhao, and Dai, rules the office of Minister of Justice, and stands as the emblem of the prime minister. Shi Shen writes: if yellow, the five grains mature; if black, there are inundations; if pale white, mourning follows. Whenever Mercury and Jupiter mutually transgress, the empress harbors designs. If Mars transgresses Mercury, the heir apparent is harmed. If Saturn transgresses it, armies are broken; Venus has the same effect. If horned rays touch and shine together, the event is conjunction; when another star's light closes upon it, injury ensues. When guest stars, the moon, or meteors transgress Mercury, troubles stir within the realm.
21
As a rule among the five planets: Jupiter is green, matching the left shoulder of Three Stars; Mars is red, matching the great star of Heart; Saturn is yellow, matching the right shoulder of Three Stars; Venus is white, matching the Wolf Star; Mercury is black, matching the great star of Strider. If each keeps its proper hue and answers to the four seasons, fortune follows; if they depart from the norm, disaster follows.
22
When Jupiter conjoins with Saturn, civil strife and hunger arise; with Mercury, schemes are altered and affairs are overturned; with Mars, famine and drought follow; with Venus, a gathering in mourning dress; if they fight, rebellion within the realm, a shattered host abroad, and inundation. When Venus stands south and Jupiter north, the configuration is called male and female, and the harvest is exceedingly rich. When Venus stands north and Jupiter south, the harvest of that year may appear or may not. When Mars conjoins Venus, there is scorching heat and bereavement; affairs must not be launched nor armies raised, and those who join the host meet military disaster; when the two part, the army retreats. If Mars emerges from the yin side of Venus, lands are partitioned; if from the yang side, deputy commanders go to war. When Mars conjoins Saturn, grief arises and the royal house suffers among its ministers. When Mars conjoins Mercury, the Northern Army is signified; to mobilize troops or launch enterprises ends in utter defeat. One tradition holds that Mars with Mercury is quenching, and affairs and armies must not be undertaken. When Saturn conjoins Mercury, blockage and stagnation follow; armies must not be raised nor enterprises begun, and hosts are overturned. One tradition says schemes are overturned and affairs are changed, and drought is sure to come. When Saturn conjoins Venus, pestilence follows, mourners assemble, civil war breaks out, and the state forfeits its lands. When Saturn conjoins Jupiter, the realm goes hungry. When Mercury conjoins Venus, designs are altered, and war and grief follow.
23
When Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, and Venus all fight Mercury, the omen is war; if no armies stand abroad, the omen is rebellion within.
24
滿
When three planets conjoin, the omen is called startled standing and arrested motion: armies and mourning arise at home and abroad, the people starve and are exhausted, and feudal lords are set aside. When four planets conjoin, the omen is called great upheaval: war and mourning rise together, the worthy are anxious, and base men flourish. If all five planets conjoin, the omen is called changed course: where virtue reigns, grace is granted, a new king is raised, the four quarters are seized, and posterity flourishes; where virtue fails, disaster falls, the dynasty is cast out, the ancestral shrines are ruined, the people flee, and affliction floods every direction. When every planet appears large, the event is momentous; when all appear small, the event is slight. If all five appear at once, that year is bound to be disastrous.
25
宿西退 西 西
As a rule for the five planets: standing a few minutes of arc from a lodge star is transgression; remaining without leaving is stationing; both bodies in motion meeting head-on is striking; parting and reuniting, or uniting and parting again, is combat; moving west instead of east is retrograde; horned rays touching within the same lodge is conjunction. As a rule for the five planets: motion to the east is direct, to the west retrograde; direct motion is fast, retrograde slow; measured overall and reduced to a mean rate, they finish by advancing eastward. Motion neither east nor west is lingering; drawing close to the sun and vanishing from sight is hiding; hiding at the sun's degree is conjunction.
26
西
Venus and Mercury, the two swift planets, do not cross the meridian; from their initial conjunction with the sun they race ahead of it and appear in the western sky at dusk. As they pull somewhat away from the sun and at evening draw toward the south, they gradually slow; at maximum slowness they linger, and while lingering near the sun they turn retrograde and unite with it; then, lying behind the sun, they appear in the eastern sky at morning. At the limit of retrograde they linger; after lingering they slow once more; at maximum slowness, as they stand somewhat farther from the sun and at dawn draw toward the south, they hurry forward to chase the sun, vanish in the eastern dawn, and again conjoin with the sun in degree. These are the principal patterns of the five planets in conjunction, in swift and slow motion, in direct and retrograde course, in lingering, and in appearing and hiding.
27
宿宿宿 宿
In ancient reckoning of the five planets' motion, the circuits of heaven were rounded figures: to say, for instance, that Jupiter completes one revolution in twelve years is merely an approximation. Jin Zhuo argued that when the Grand Year occupies one of the four central months it moves three lodges, and in the four initial or final months of the seasons two lodges, thereby traversing the twenty-eight lodges in twelve years. That account, too, is mistaken. The twenty-eight lodges are unequal in width, and Jupiter's course has its own swelling and shrinking—how could one revolution in exactly twelve years pass without error? Tang Yixing first proposed that from the Shang and Zhou down through the Spring and Autumn period, Jupiter on average required a little over 120 years to leap one lodge ahead, and he treated this as a fixed rule. He further held that in chaotic times the planet moves quickly and in tranquil times slowly—a doctrine still more forced. He then devised a procedure of deriving later ratios from earlier ratios to obtain the answer, and in doing so his theory refutes itself. Under the Shaoxing calendar, Jupiter advances 145 parts each year, leaving one part beyond a full lodge annually; accumulated over 144 years this yields one lodge in surplus. If so, how can the doctrines of the former masters be relied upon? The courses of the other four planets, it is true, do not show the same alternation of retrograde and direct motion, yet how could no errors arise in their intervals? Yixing did not treat the matter exhaustively, likely because he understood the difficulty already.
28
耀
The Luminous Star is a star of virtue, also termed an auspicious star; it resembles a half moon, appears at new and full moon, is great and hollow within, and bears many names. Named Zhou Bo, it shines yellow and resplendent; the country beneath its appearance prospers mightily. Named Han Yu, its light is comet-like; in times of rejoicing Han Yu flares outward. Named Ge Ze, it looks like burning flame, wide below and pointed above, yellow-white, rising from the earth; when it appears, grain is gathered though none was planted. Named Gui Xie, two red comets rise upward beneath a covering canopy. Named Tianbao, it gives forth sound, like a torch plunging to the ground and a pheasant calling in the wild. All are engendered by the balanced breath of the five agents. Wang Pengrui, Xuanbao, Zhaoming, Hunchang, Xunshi, Siwei, Tuchang, Diwei Zangguang, and their kind are likewise counted as auspicious stars. Yet the earlier treatise ranks Wang Pengrui and the stars following it among malefic stars. The odd stars cannot be verified in antiquity; they were observed in the reigns of Renzong and Yingzong, and are therefore appended at the close of the Luminous Star account.
29
西
Comets may be only a few inches across, or their tails may stretch across the entire heavens. When they appear, war breaks out and great floods follow; they portend the clearing away of the old and the laying out of the new. They possess no light of their own but take the sun's light to become luminous. Therefore when seen at dusk they point eastward; when seen at dawn they point westward. Wherever their light falls, calamity ensues. They display five colors, each produced from the fundamental essence of its corresponding agent.
30
The Broom Star belongs to the comet family. A body pointing in one direction is called a comet; a haze with rays bursting forth on four sides is called a broom star. A broom star spreads like a broom; it arises from profoundly inauspicious vapor. It governs great rebellion and great warfare, and its disaster is worse than that of an ordinary comet. The Banner Head Star: the Jade Register states that it, too, belongs to the comet family.
31
西 西
There are five kinds of guest stars: Zhou Bo, Laozi, Wang Pengxu, Guohuang, and Wen Star. Zhou Bo is great and yellow, shining brilliantly; the country beneath it knows war and bereavement, hunger, and a people driven into exile. Laozi shines bright, large, and pure white; when it appears there is hunger and misfortune, good and ill, joy and wrath. Wang Pengxu looks like powdered cotton, drifting and trembling; when it appears, that country mobilizes troops and mourners gather in white. Guohuang is great, yellow-white, and horned; it governs the rise of armies, inundation, and the sovereign's dread of the omen. Wen Star is white, shaped as if wind were swaying it, and commonly appears in the four quarters. All signify warfare. These five stars emerge unpredictably among the five planets; they appear without fixed season and move without fixed pace, and each is read according to the regional domain beneath it. In each of the four directions there are also three stars: in the southeast, the Robber Star, governing great theft; in the southwest, Zhongling; when it appears grain becomes costly; in the northwest, the Celestial Dog; when seen, famine ravages the empire; in the northeast, Nübo, governing great bereavement.
32
使 西 使 使
Meteors are emissaries of Heaven. Falling from on high is called streaming; crossing east or west is also called streaming. There are eight kinds of meteors: Heavenly Envoy, Heavenly Splendor, Heavenly Wild Goose, Tianbao, Earth Wild Goose, Beam Star, Banner Head, and Celestial Dog. Among meteors acting as heavenly envoys, some bring fortune and some disaster: if by night they fall as Heavenly Splendor or Heavenly Wild Goose, or fall at night and become Tianbao, the sign is lucky; if by night they fall as Earth Wild Goose or Beam Star, or by day fall as Banner Head, the sign is unlucky. The greatest meteors are called rushing stars; if they fall at night and become the Celestial Dog, the disaster is severe. Ascending from below is called flying. There are five kinds of flying stars, likewise divided into fortune and disaster: if a flying star changes into Celestial Punishment, the sign is lucky; if it becomes Falling Stone, Dunwan, Jie Xian, or Great Slip, the sign is unlucky.
33
Malefic stars are the breath of discord among the five agents. The refined essences of the five planets disperse into malefic stars; though their forms vary, the calamity they work is the same. By the day they appear, the region beneath them, and their shape and hue, they are read as portents of war, hunger, water, drought, rebellion, or destruction. A star three to five feet long runs a course of one hundred days; by equal increments, one zhang means one year, three zhang three years, five zhang five years, ten zhang seven years; beyond ten zhang the term does not pass nine years. Broadly speaking, a large, long malefic star portends a distant term and deep disaster; a short, small one a near term and lighter harm.
34
西 西
The Celestial Interference Star is Jupiter's essence and governs violent contention. The Celestial Spear resembles a comet, emerging in the west two or three feet long; called the Celestial Spear, it governs the ruin of kingdoms. The Celestial Mischief governs the incitement of rebellion. The Celestial Club appears in the west several zhang in length and governs turmoil within the realm. The Banner of Chiyou resembles a comet yet bends backward, and governs warfare. The Celestial Assault looks like a man in dark garments with a red head; if it does not move, it governs plots by inferiors against superiors and the fall of kingdoms. Guohuang is great and red, three zhang above the earth, like a blazing torch, and governs foes within the realm. Jideng governs the splitting of the sovereign's lands; it governs cruel excess, and if seen at dawn the ruler grows feeble. Zhaoming resembles Venus, its light steady and untraveling, and governs war and bereavement. Siwei: the Treatise on the Celestial Offices describes it as like Venus, with an eye, about six zhang above the earth, great and white; armies lie beneath it, and it governs attacks upon the mighty. Wucan resembles Mercury, six or seven zhang above the earth; armies lie beneath it, and it governs rout and destruction. Liuzzei stands six zhang above the earth, great and red and luminous; if it emerges outside its proper direction, armies and bereavement follow below. Yuhan is green at the center and red at the surface, with three comets beneath, about six zhang above the earth, great and red, and quivering in motion. Daben governs the suppression of evil and brutal hosts. Zhuxing governs the quelling of wickedness. Chuoliu governs hiding and escape. Fei Star, Mao, and the Broom Star govern calamity. Xunshi emerges near the Dipper, shaped like a rooster; when it appears, the sovereign is changed. Jijiu governs vast armies; if rebels arise, rebellion becomes general. The Celestial Pestle governs sheep. The Celestial Shaft governs the infliction of disaster. When Hidden Spirit appears, the world is thrown into chaos. Celestial Defeat governs fierce clash and assault. Si Jian governs the manifestation of the uncanny. The Celestial Dog is hairy, with a short comet at its side and the form of a dog below; when it appears, armies starve. Celestial Ruin governs rapacity and brutality. Sudden Rise: if treason is plotted, the sovereign is alarmed and destroyed. Warped Arrow is black, writhing like a snake; seen from a distance it appears to have hair and eyes several tens of feet long; when it appears, war begins, the realm is shattered, sovereign and ministers are anguished, and order collapses above and below. Fushu governs mastery over the seasons. Miebao governs campaigns to suppress rebellion. Raogeng governs riotous increase and disorderly growth. Jingli governs mutual butchery. Dafensi governs the calling forth of malign forces.
35
西 西 西 西 西 西
The Celestial Spear-Comet is shaped like a spear point; when it appears, war breaks out and treacherous ministers arise. Zhaoxing bears three comets; troops take the field, great bandits do not prevail, and it also governs the quelling of wickedness. Peng Star is as great as two dou measures, white, appearing in the southeast; in the northeast it governs drought or great inundation. Chang Geng Star is like a length of cloth draped across heaven; when it appears, war begins. Sitian is great and red, about two zhang across, and portends warfare. Diwei Zangguang Star resembles the moon at first rising, great and red, two zhang above the earth; in the southeast, drought; in the northwest, war; in the northeast, great inundation. Laozi Star is white, bringing fortune and misfortune, hunger and calamity, joy and wrath. Banner Head Star is accompanied by clouds like a ruined mountain collapsing; where it falls, hosts are crushed and blood is shed. Jiling appears in the southwest, three zhang in length, governing war and slight hunger. Hunchang appears in the northwest, its vapor green and red, red within and green without, governing the overturning of the realm's government. Shen Star appears in the northwest, shaped like a ring; if large, lords lose their territories. White Star resembles a sliced melon and governs bereavement among men. Tuchang is ringed in red and green, governs inundation, and the empire is changed in all respects. Meng Star is red like a war banner, long and short across the four quarters, most frequent in the southwest—a token of chaos. The Long Star appears in the west.
36
Jupiter's essence transforms into Celestial Club, Celestial Spear, Celestial Mischief, Celestial Assault, Guohuang, Jideng, and the azure comet. Mars's essence transforms into Zhaodan, the Banner of Chiyou, Zhaoming, Siwei, Celestial Interference, and the red comet. Saturn's essence transforms into Wucan, Liuzzei, Yuhan, Daben, Zhaoxing, Chuoliu, Fei Star, Xunshi, Chiyou, rainbows, Jijiu, and the yellow comet. Venus's essence transforms into Celestial Pestle, Celestial Shaft, Hidden Spirit, Celestial Defeat, Si Jian, Celestial Dog, Celestial Ruin, Sudden Rise, and the white comet. Mercury's essence transforms into Warped Arrow, Poniang, Fushu, Miebao, Raogeng, Jingli, Dafensi, and the black comet.
37
The malefic stars that appear beside the moon likewise each arise from their own source. Celestial Spear, Celestial Jing, Zhenruo, Tianyao, Celestial Tower, and Celestial Enclosure are engendered by Jupiter; they appear on jiayin day with two green squares at their sides. Tianyin, Jinruo, Guanzhang, Tianhuo, Tianque, Chiruo, and Chiyou are engendered by Mars; they appear on bingyin day with two red squares at their sides. Tianshang, Tianfa, Zongxing, Tianshu, Tianzhai, Tianfei, and Jinghui are engendered by Saturn; they appear on wuyin day with two yellow squares at their sides. Ruoxing, Broom Star, Ruohui, Bamboo Comet, Wall Star, Quan Star, and White Guan are engendered by Venus; they appear on gengyin day with two white squares at their sides. Tianmei, Jutianchan, Tianshe, Tianlin, Tianxiu, Tianhao, and Duanxia are engendered by Mercury; they appear on renyin day with two black squares at their sides; when seen, flood, drought, war, mourning, famine, and rebellion follow.
38
The Rites of Zhou, Guardian of Records: "By the manifestations of the five clouds one distinguishes good and ill fortune, and the omens of flood, drought, plenty, and dearth." Thus Duke Xi of Lu at the winter solstice climbed the Observation Tower to look outward; Emperor Ming of Han ascended the Spirit Tower to observe the primal breath, sounded the seasonal pitch pipes, and watched for transformations in the natural world. In ancient times the solstices and equinoxes that marked the turning of the seasons were always written down, and cloud signs were preserved as safeguards. In later times the method became ever more exhaustive. Beneficent vapor includes felicitous clouds and radiant glory; baleful vapor includes rainbows, Zang clouds, and their kind—to test the Son of Heaven's mandate, judge whether the year will be rich or poor, show whether the worthy will rise or retire, and read victory or defeat on the field of war.
39
On the new moon of the fifth month, day jihai, in the first year of the Jianlong era, the sun was eclipsed. In the second year of Jianlong, on the new moon of the fourth month, the day gui-si, a solar eclipse occurred.
40
In the third year of Qiande, in the second month, on the new moon, the day ren-yin, a solar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the fifth year, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day wu-wu, a solar eclipse occurred.
41
In the first year of Kaibao, in the twelfth month, on the new moon, the day ji-you, a solar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day xin-you, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the tenth month, on the new moon, the day gui-hai, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the ninth month, on the new moon, the day ding-si, a solar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year, in the second month, on the new moon, the day geng-chen, a solar eclipse occurred. In the eighth year, in the seventh month, on the new moon, the day xin-wei, a solar eclipse occurred.
42
In the second year of Taiping Xingguo, a solar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the sixth year, in the ninth month, on the new moon, the day yi-wei, a solar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year, in the third month, on the new moon, the day gui-si, a solar eclipse occurred. In the eighth year, in the second month, on the new moon, the day wu-zi, a solar eclipse occurred.
43
In the second year of Yongxi, in the twelfth month, on the new moon, the day geng-zi, a solar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day wu-xu, a solar eclipse occurred.
44
In the second year of Chunhua, in intercalary second month, on the new moon, the day xin-wei, a solar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the second month, on the new moon, the day yi-chou, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the second month, on the new moon, the day ji-wei, a solar eclipse occurred. in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day bing-chen, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the twelfth month, on the new moon, the day wu-yin, a solar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
45
In the first year of Xianping, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day wu-wu, a solar eclipse occurred. in the tenth month, on the new moon, the day bing-xu, a solar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the ninth month, on the new moon, the day geng-chen, a solar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the third month, on the new moon, the day wu-yin, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the seventh month, on the new moon, the day jia-wu, a solar eclipse occurred.
46
In the first year of Jingde, in the twelfth month, on the new moon, the day geng-chen, a solar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day ren-yin, a solar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the fourth year, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day bing-shen, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast rain prevented it from being seen.
47
In the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu, in the third month, on the new moon, the day bing-chen, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast rain prevented it from being seen. In the fifth year, in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day bing-shen, a solar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the twelfth month, on the new moon, the day wu-wu, a solar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year, in the twelfth month, on the new moon, the day gui-chou, a solar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the eighth year, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day ji-you, a solar eclipse occurred.
48
In the third year of Tianxi, in the third month, on the new moon, the day wu-wu, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the seventh month, on the new moon, the day jia-xu, a solar eclipse occurred.
49
In the first year of Qianxing, in the seventh month, on the new moon, the day jia-zi, the solar eclipse was nearly complete.
50
In the second year of Tiansheng, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day ding-hai, a solar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the fourth year, in the tenth month, on the new moon, the day jia-xu, a solar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the third month, on the new moon, the day bing-shen, a solar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year, in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day ding-hai, a solar eclipse occurred.
51
In the second year of Mingdao, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day jia-wu, a solar eclipse occurred.
52
In the third year of Jingyou, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day ji-you, a solar eclipse was expected but did not take place.
53
In the first year of Baoyuan, in the first month, on the new moon, the day wu-xu, a solar eclipse occurred.
54
In the first year of Kangding, in the first month, on the new moon, the day bing-chen, a solar eclipse occurred.
55
In the second year of Qingli, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day gui-you, a solar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day ding-mao, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, a solar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the fifth year, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day ding-hai, a solar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the sixth year, in the third month, on the new moon, the day xin-si, a solar eclipse occurred.
56
In the first year of Huangyou, in the first month, on the new moon, the day jia-wu, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the tenth month, on the new moon, the day bing-shen, a solar eclipse occurred.
57
In the first year of Zhihe, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day jia-wu, a solar eclipse occurred.
58
In the first year of Jiayou, in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day geng-xu, a solar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day ji-hai, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the first month, on the new moon, the day bing-shen, a solar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day ren-zi, a solar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
59
In the first year of Xining, in the first month, on the new moon, the day jia-xu, a solar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the seventh month, on the new moon, the day yi-chou, a solar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the sixth year, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day jia-xu, a solar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the eighth year, in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day geng-yin, a solar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
60
In the first year of Yuanfeng, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day gui-mao, a solar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the third year, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, a solar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the fifth year, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day ren-zi, a solar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the sixth year, in the ninth month, on the new moon, the day gui-mao, a solar eclipse occurred.
61
In the second year of Yuanyou, in the seventh month, on the new moon, the day geng-xu, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast rain prevented it from being seen. In the sixth year, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day ji-wei, a solar eclipse occurred.
62
In the first year of Shaosheng, in the third month, on the new moon, the day ren-shen, a solar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the second month, on the new moon, the day ding-mao, a solar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the fourth year, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day gui-wei, a solar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
63
In the third year of Yuanfu, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day ding-you, a solar eclipse occurred.
64
In the first year of Jianzhong Jingguo, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day xin-mao, a solar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
65
In the first year of Daguan, a solar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day geng-xu, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the ninth month, on the new moon, the day bing-yin, a solar eclipse occurred.
66
In the third year of Zhenghe, in the third month, on the new moon, the day ren-zi, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the seventh month, on the new moon, the day wu-chen, a solar eclipse occurred.
67
In the first year of Chonghe, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day ren-wu, a solar eclipse occurred.
68
In the first year of Xuanhe, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day bing-zi, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day xin-si, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen.
69
In the third year of Jianyan, in the ninth month, on the new moon, the day bing-wu, a solar eclipse occurred in the Kang constellation.
70
In the fifth year of Shaoxing, in the first month, on the new moon, the day yi-si, a solar eclipse occurred in the Nü constellation. In the seventh year, in the second month, on the new moon, the day gui-si, a solar eclipse occurred in the Room constellation. (That year corresponds to the fifteenth year of the Jin dynasty's Tianhui reign era; the History of Jin does not record the solar eclipse.) From the eighth through the twelfth year, most solar eclipses occurred at night; the annals, shrouded in concealment, do not record them. In the thirteenth year, in the twelfth month, on the new moon, the day gui-wei, a solar eclipse occurred in the Ox constellation, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the fifteenth year, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day yi-hai, a solar eclipse occurred in the Well constellation. In the seventeenth year, in the tenth month, on the new moon, the day xin-mao, a solar eclipse occurred in the Root constellation. (That year was the seventh year of the Jin dynasty's Huangtong reign era; the History of Jin does not record the solar eclipse.) In the eighteenth year, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day wu-zi, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the nineteenth year, in the third month, on the new moon, the day gui-wei, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the twenty-fourth year of Shaoxing, on the new moon of the fifth month, the day gui-chou, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the twenty-fifth year of Shaoxing, on the new moon of the fifth month, the day ding-wei, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the twenty-eighth year of Shaoxing, on the new moon of the third month, the day xin-you, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the thirtieth year, in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day bing-wu, a solar eclipse occurred in the Wings constellation. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing, on the new moon of the first month, the day jia-xu, the Astronomical Bureau reported that a solar eclipse was expected but did not occur. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing, on the new moon of the first month, the day wu-chen, a solar eclipse occurred in the Nü constellation.
71
In the first year of Longxing, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day geng-shen, a solar eclipse occurred in the Well constellation. In the second year, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day jia-yin, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen.
72
In the fifth year of Qiandao, in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day jia-shen, a solar eclipse occurred in the Wings constellation, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the ninth year, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day ren-chen, a solar eclipse occurred in the Well constellation, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen.
73
In the first year of Chunxi, a solar eclipse occurred in the Tail constellation, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the third year, in the third month, on the new moon, the day bing-wu, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the fourth year, in the ninth month, on the new moon, the day ding-you, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the tenth year, a solar eclipse occurred in the Heart constellation. In the fifteenth year, in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day jia-zi, a solar eclipse occurred in the Wings constellation. In the sixteenth year, in the second month, on the new moon, the day xin-you, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen.
74
In the first year of Qingyuan, in the third month, on the new moon, the day bing-xu, a solar eclipse occurred in the Bond constellation. In the fourth year, in the first month, on the new moon, the day ji-hai, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the fifth year, in the first month, on the new moon, the day gui-si, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the sixth year, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day yi-you, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. (That year was the fifth year of the Jin dynasty's Cheng'an reign era; the History of Jin does not record the solar eclipse.)
75
In the second year of Jiatai, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day jia-chen, a solar eclipse occurred in the Net constellation. In the third year, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day ji-hai, a solar eclipse occurred. (The History of Jin does not record it.)
76
In the second year of Kaixi, in the second month, on the new moon, the day ren-zi; a solar eclipse was expected, but the Astronomical Bureau reported that the degree of obscuration could not be seen.
77
In the third year of Jiading, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day ding-si, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year; a solar eclipse was expected, but the Astronomical Bureau reported that the degree of obscuration could not be seen. (The History of Jin does not record it.)
78
In the seventh year, in the ninth month, on the new moon, the day ren-xu, a solar eclipse occurred in the Horn constellation. In the ninth year, in the second month, on the new moon, the day jia-shen, a solar eclipse occurred in the Room constellation. In the tenth year, in the seventh month, on the new moon, the day bing-zi, a solar eclipse occurred in the Extended Net constellation. In the eleventh year, in the seventh month, on the new moon, the day geng-wu, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fourteenth year, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day jia-shen, a solar eclipse occurred in the Net constellation. In the sixteenth year, in the ninth month, on the new moon, the day geng-zi, a solar eclipse occurred in the Chariot Crossbar constellation.
79
In the third year of Baoqing, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day wu-shen, a solar eclipse occurred.
80
In the first year of Shaoding, in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day ren-yin, a solar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the ninth month, on the new moon, the day ren-yin, a solar eclipse occurred, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen.
81
In the second year of Duanping, in the second month, on the new moon, the day jia-zi, a solar eclipse was expected but no obscuration was observed.
82
In the first year of Jiaxi, in the twelfth month, on the new moon, the day wu-yin, a solar eclipse occurred.
83
In the second year of Chunyou, in the ninth month, on the new moon, the day geng-chen, a solar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the third month, on the new moon, the day ding-chou, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the seventh month, on the new moon, the day gui-si, a solar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the first month, on the new moon, the day xin-mao, a solar eclipse occurred. In the ninth year, in the fourth month, on the new moon, the day ren-yin, a solar eclipse occurred. In the twelfth year, in the second month, on the new moon, the day yi-mao, a solar eclipse occurred.
84
In the first year of Baoyou, in the second month, on the new moon, the day ji-you, a solar eclipse occurred.
85
In the first year of Jingding, in the third month, on the new moon, the day wu-chen, a solar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the third month, on the new moon, the day ren-xu, a solar eclipse occurred.
86
In the first year of Xianchun, in the first month, on the new moon, the day xin-wei, a solar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day ding-hai, a solar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the tenth month, on the new moon, the day wu-yin, a solar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the third month, on the new moon, the day geng-zi, a solar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year, in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day ren-chen, a solar eclipse occurred. In the eighth year, in the eighth month, on the new moon, the day bing-xu, a solar eclipse occurred.
87
In the seventh year of Later Zhou Xiande, in the first month, on the day gui-mao, after sunrise, another sun appeared beneath it in overlapping alignment, and dark light surged and churned for a long while.
88
In the seventh year of Kaibao, in the first month, on the day bing-xu, two sunspots appeared within the solar disk.
89
In the first year of Jingde, in the twelfth month, on the day jia-chen, the sun cast two shadows, taking on the appearance of three suns. In the third year, in the ninth month, on the day wu-shen, the sun turned red as ochre. In the fourth year, in the fourth month, on the day jia-shen, the sun lost its light.
90
In the second year of Baoyuan, in the twelfth month, on the day geng-shen, the sun turned red as cinnabar.
91
In the eighth year of Qingli, in the first month, on the day yi-wei, the sun turned red and lost its light.
92
In the tenth year of Xining, in the second month, on the day xin-mao, sunspots the size of plums appeared within the disk, dispersing by the day yi-si.
93
In the first year of Yuanfeng, in intercalary first month, on the day geng-zi, sunspots the size of plums appeared within the disk, dispersing by the second month, day wu-wu. in the twelfth month, on the day bing-wu, a large sunspot the size of a plum appeared within the disk, dispersing by the day ding-si. In the second year, in the second month, on the day jia-yin, sunspots the size of plums appeared within the disk, dispersing by the day gui-hai.
94
In the second year of Chongning, in the fifth month, on the day gui-mao, the sun turned pale red and lost its light. In the third year, in the tenth month, on the day ren-chen, sunspots as large as jujubes appeared within the solar disk.
95
In the second year of Zhenghe, in the fourth month, on the day xin-mao, sunspots appeared within the disk, alternately two and three in number, each the size of a chestnut. In the eighth year, a sunspot as large as a plum appeared within the solar disk.
96
In the second year of Xuanhe, in the first month, on the day ji-wei, the sun grew hazy and lost its light. in the fifth month, on the day ji-you, sunspots as large as jujubes appeared within the solar disk. In the third year, in the twelfth month, on the day xin-mao, sunspots appeared within the disk, each the size of a plum. In the fourth year, in the second month, on the day gui-si, the sun grew hazy and lost its light.
97
In the first year of Jingkang, the sun turned red as fire and lost its light.
98
In the third year of Jianyan, in the third month, on the day ji-mao, sunspots appeared within the disk, only fading by the day ren-yin.
99
In the first year of Shaoxing, in the second month, on the day ji-mao, a sunspot as large as a plum appeared within the solar disk. In the sixth year, in the tenth month, on the day ren-xu, a sunspot as large as a plum appeared within the solar disk. In the seventh year, in the second month, on the day geng-zi, a sunspot as large as a plum appeared within the solar disk. in the fourth month, on the day wu-shen, sunspots appeared within the disk and only faded in the fifth month. In the eighth year, in the second month, on the day xin-you, sunspots appeared within the solar disk. in the tenth month, on the day yi-hai, sunspots appeared within the solar disk. In the fifteenth year, in the sixth month, on the day bing-wu, black vapor moved to and fro within the solar disk. on the day ding-wei, the sun lost its light.
100
In the fifth year of Qiandao, in the first month, on the day jia-shen, the sun's hue turned yellow-white, and murky fog closed in on every side.
101
In the twelfth year of Chunxi, in the first month, on the day gui-si, sunspots as large as jujubes formed within the solar disk. Sunspots appeared within the solar disk on each occasion. In the thirteenth year, in the fifth month, on the day geng-chen, sunspots formed within the disk, as large as jujubes.
102
In the fourth year of Shaoxi, on the day xin-wei, sunspots appeared within the solar disk and only dissipated by the day geng-chen.
103
In the sixth year of Qingyuan, in the eighth month, on the day yi-wei, sunspots as large as jujubes appeared within the solar disk. In the twelfth month on the day yiyou, it reappeared and only dissipated on the day yisi.
104
In the second year of Jiatai, in the twelfth month, on the day jia-xu, sunspots formed within the disk, as large as jujubes. On the day bingxu, it then dissipated. In the fourth year, in the first month, on the day gui-wei, sunspots appeared within the solar disk on each occasion.
105
In the second year of Jiaxi, in the tenth month, on the day ji-si, sunspots appeared within the solar disk.
106
In the second year of Deyou, in the second month, on the new moon, the day ding-you, sunspots appeared within the solar disk.
107
Solar corona-glory phenomena.
108
From the first year of Jianlong through the end of the Kaibao era, there were seven crown qi, one hundred aureoles, seven embracing qi, six receiving qi, three red-yellow qi, three yellow-white qi, two azure qi, one tassel qi, one hundred fifty-six halos, forty-five half-halos, fifty-nine double halos, seven double half-halos, eighteen crossing halos, two hundred thirty-one back qi, and three instances of button qi and halberd qi.
109
From the first year of Taiping Xingguo through the end of the Zhidao era, there were eighteen crown qi, three bearing qi, thirteen embracing qi, seventy-seven aureoles, three receiving qi, one red-yellow qi and jade-pendant qi, three azure qi, fifty-nine halos, twenty-three half-halos, twelve double halos, three crossing halos, forty-four back qi, three button qi, one halberd qi, and fifteen straight qi.
110
From the first year of Xianping through the end of the Qianxing era, there were twenty-four double rings, one comet, one five-colored qi, two hundred sixty-six crown qi, forty-one aureoles, one hundred ninety-seven bearing qi, fifty-seven embracing qi, one hundred eighty-four receiving qi, seventy-seven straight qi, one light qi, nine yellow qi, four red-yellow qi, five purple qi, two red-yellow crossing qi, two red-yellow green-jade qi, twenty-one azure-red qi, one yellow-white qi, two black qi, five white qi, three tassel qi, one halberd qi, two button qi, two hundred ninety-nine back qi, one thousand two hundred thirty-one halos, six hundred fifty-three half-halos, twenty-seven double halos, and thirteen crossing halos.
111
From the first year of Tiansheng through the end of the Jiayou era, there was one day when the yellow disk shone with light, nineteen corona-glory qi, one dragon-and-phoenix cloud, two auspicious clouds, eight five-colored clouds, five purple-yellow clouds, one red-yellow cloud, two purple clouds, eight hundred fifty-five azure-yellow-purple halos, twenty-six circumferential halos, sixteen double halos, five crossing halos, one linked-ring halo, eight hundred forty-seven aureoles, one hundred forty crown qi, two hundred fifty-six bearing qi, one hundred receiving qi, one double receiving qi, eighteen embracing qi, one bearing-back qi, one hundred seven back qi, two lattice qi, five straight qi, four white rainbows piercing the sun, and one instance of white qi like a cord piercing the sun together with a halo.
112
From the first through the fourth year of Zhiping, there were eight five-colored clouds, one corona-glory qi, one hundred twenty-eight halos, three circumferential halos, twelve double halos, two crossing halos, eighty-nine aureoles, eleven crown qi, thirty-nine bearing qi, five receiving qi, thirty-three back qi, one white rainbow piercing the sun, and one white rainbow piercing an aureole.
113
From after the Zhiping era through the end of Yuanfeng, there were one thousand three hundred fifty-six solar halos, two hundred seventy-seven circumferential halos, seventy-four double halos, forty-nine crossing halos, one linked-ring halo, eight hundred eighty-two aureoles, forty-two crown qi, two hundred seventy-one bearing qi, fifty receiving qi, two embracing qi, two hundred forty-six back qi, two straight qi, one halberd qi, five tassel qi, one jade-pendant qi, nine white rainbows piercing the sun, three piercing aureoles, and twenty-six five-colored clouds.
114
From the fifth day of the third month of the eighth year of Yuanfeng through the twelfth day of the first month of the third year of Yuanfu, there were five hundred twenty-eight halos, two hundred fifty-seven circumferential halos, sixty-eight double halos, sixty-seven crossing halos, two five-colored qi halos, five hundred fifty-six aureoles, sixty-one crown qi, one hundred fifty bearing qi, thirty-three receiving qi, one hundred seventy-four back qi, three straight qi, four halberd qi, one tassel qi, five lattice qi, sixteen white rainbows piercing the sun, one piercing aureole, and twelve five-colored clouds.
115
From the first month of the third year of Yuanfu through the fourth month of the second year of Jingkang, there were nine halos, three halo-bearing phenomena, one half-halo, one halo-aureole-back, one half-halo with double back qi, one halo-tassel, three aureole-back, thirteen aureoles, seven halo-aureole, seven crown qi, four halo-back, six bearing qi, two receiving qi, four embracing qi, seventeen back qi, one five-colored qi halo, four straight qi, two ring qi and bearing qi, one halberd qi, two treading qi, one half-halo with double treading qi, and one redoubled half-halo.
116
In the third year of Jianyan, a white rainbow ran through the sun. In the fourth year, back qi formed on the sun.
117
In the first year of Shaoxing, in the first month, on the day ren-xu, back qi formed on the sun. In the second year, in the fourth month, on each day bearing qi formed on the sun. in intercalary fourth month, on the day bing-shen, back qi formed on the sun. In the third year, in the second month, on the day yi-mao, bearing qi formed on the sun. in the sixth month, on the new moon, the day jia-shen, back qi formed on the sun. In the fourth year, in the first month, on the day ren-zi, receiving qi formed on the sun. in the third month, on the day ren-xu, a solar halo formed in the Chariot Crossbar constellation. on the day jia-zi, a halo formed in the Bond constellation. on the day xin-wei, embracing qi formed on the sun. in the fifth month, on the day jia-xu, back qi formed on the sun. in the sixth month, on the day ren-chen, a solar halo formed in the Well constellation. In the fifth year, in the first month, on the day geng-shen, bearing qi appeared on the sun. In the sixth year, in the second month, on the day bing-yin, a solar halo formed in the Bond constellation. in the third month, on the day wu-yin, a solar halo formed in the Extended Net constellation. on the day ding-hai, a halo formed in the Stomach constellation. in the fourth month, on the day ji-hai, bearing qi formed on the sun. on the day geng-zi, it reappeared, still accompanied by receiving qi. , aureoles appeared on both sides of the sun along with back qi. on the day gui-si, back qi formed again on the sun. In the seventh year, in the second month, on the day xin-chou, murky vapor shrouded the sun. In the eighth year, in the second month, on the day xin-si, a white rainbow ran through the sun. In the twenty-first year of Shaoxing, in the intercalary fourth month, on the day ren-shen, a complete red-yellow halo ringed the sun. In the twenty-seventh year of Shaoxing, in the second month, on the day ren-yin, a white rainbow ran through the sun. In the twenty-eighth year of Shaoxing, in the second month, on the day wu-shen, a complete red-yellow halo ringed the sun. In the twenty-ninth year of Shaoxing, in the first month, on the day gui-you, linked halos formed; azure, red, and yellow bearing qi appeared above, with aureoles on both sides of the sun. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing, in the fourth month, on the day wu-chen, a complete red-yellow halo ringed the sun. in the sixth month, on the day xin-you, outside the upper halo, red-yellow color appeared along with back qi. in the seventh month, on the day xin-mao, back qi appeared outside the upper halo.
118
In the second year of Longxing, in the second month, on the day ren-shen, a red-yellow halo formed on the sun, with azure, red, and yellow aureoles appearing on both sides. on the day gui-wei, a complete red-yellow halo ringed the sun. in the third month, on the day geng-xu, a complete red-yellow halo ringed the sun. in the sixth month, on the day jia-zi, halberd qi appeared on the sun. in the seventh month, on the new moon, the day jia-shen, a red-yellow halo formed around the sun. On the day dinghai, a double halo formed on the sun, with azure, red, and yellow back qi appearing above. on the day gui-mao, a red-yellow halo formed around the sun.
119
In the first year of Qiandao, in the sixth month, on the day ding-wei, a complete halo ringed the sun. In the second year, in the second month, on the day geng-chen, on the sun's left, red-yellow straight qi more than a zhang in length appeared, along with a half-halo and back qi. In the third year, in the third month, on the day ding-si, a solar halo formed in the Bond constellation. in the fourth month, on the day xin-mao, a halo formed, red-yellow in hue and fully encircling the sun. in the fifth month, on the new moon, the day wu-xu, a complete red-yellow halo ringed the sun. on the day jia-chen, azure, red, and yellow receiving qi appeared outside the lower halo. in the sixth month, on the day bing-zi, a complete red-yellow halo ringed the sun. In the fourth year, in the sixth month, on the day ding-si, a complete red-yellow halo ringed the sun. In the fifth year, in the first month, on the day ji-si, yellow bearing qi and receiving qi formed on the sun. In the sixth year, in the third month, on the day ding-chou, an incomplete halo formed, with receiving qi below the sun. in intercalary fifth month, on the day ren-chen, a redoubled half-halo appeared. on the day ding-you, an aureole appeared on the sun's left. In the eighth year, in the sixth month, on the day xin-chou, an incomplete halo formed, with aureoles on both sides. on the day ren-yin, a complete halo ringed the sun. on the day ding-wei, an incomplete halo formed; receiving qi appeared outside, and a halo formed below the sun. In the ninth year, in the second month, on the day bing-zi, a solar halo formed in the Legs constellation.
120
In the first year of Chunxi, in the third month, on the day xin-chou, a solar halo formed in the Stomach constellation. In the second year, in the seventh month, on the day jia-chen, back qi formed on the sun. In the third year, in the second month, on the day geng-zi, an incomplete halo formed, with a redoubled half-halo outside the disk. In the fourth year, in the second month, on the day wu-zi, an incomplete halo formed; linked halos above generated bearing qi, and receiving qi appeared outside the lower halo. In the fifth year, in the third month, a complete halo ringed the sun. in the twelfth month, on the day yi-wei, two aureoles and one bearing qi formed on the sun. In the sixth year, in the second month, on the day gui-chou, a redoubled half-halo appeared. in the sixth month, on the day ji-chou, a complete halo ringed the sun. in the twelfth month, on the day xin-hai, bearing qi appeared outside the halo. In the eighth year, in the first month, on the day ji-you, bearing qi formed on the sun. in intercalary third month, on the day bing-shen, a complete halo ringed the sun. in the seventh month, on the day ji-mao, back qi appeared outside the half-halo. In the eleventh year, in the first month, on the day wu-shen, a redoubled half-halo appeared. In the thirteenth year, in the fifth month, on the day ji-mao, a complete halo ringed the sun. In the fifteenth year, in the second month, on the day ji-mao, a half yellow halo fully ringed the sun. in the sixth month, on the day bing-shen, azure, red, and yellow back qi appeared above the sun. In the sixteenth year, in the third month, on the day ren-yin, a redoubled half-halo appeared.
121
In the first year of Shaoxi, in the fifth month, on the day geng-chen, a redoubled half-halo appeared. in the sixth month, on the day jia-shen, a complete red-yellow halo ringed the sun. In the second year, in the second month, on the day ren-yin, bearing qi formed on the sun. in the third month, on the day xin-wei, a complete halo formed. in the fourth month, on the day gui-wei, bearing qi formed on the sun. in the seventh month, on the day geng-shen, back qi appeared outside the halo. on the day ren-xu, back qi appeared on the sun. In the fourth year, in the second month, on the day gui-hai, a complete halo ringed the sun. , back qi appeared outside the halo. In the fifth year, in the fourth month, on the day yi-mao, a complete halo ringed the sun. in the sixth month, on the day bing-wu, back qi appeared outside the upper halo.
122
In the first year of Qingyuan, in the first month, on the day bing-chen, a white rainbow ran through the sun. in the second month, on the day xin-si, azure, red, and yellow back qi appeared outside the upper halo. in the fourth month, on the day ji-wei, red-yellow lattice qi formed on the sun. In the second year, in the fifth month, on the day ji-chou, back qi formed on the sun.
123
In the first year of Jiatai, in the sixth month, on the day xin-mao, a complete halo ringed the sun.
124
In the fourth year of Jiading, in the seventh month, an incomplete red-yellow halo appeared; after the you initial mark, azure, red, and yellow back qi formed outside the upper halo. In the sixth year, in the fourth month, on the day ji-mao, a complete red-yellow halo ringed the sun. In the seventh year, in the third month, on the day ren-shen, a red-yellow halo formed around the sun. In the eleventh year, in the second month, on the day bing-chen, a white rainbow ran through the sun. on the day bing-yin, bearing qi appeared on the sun. In the fifteenth year, in the second month, on the day ji-hai, a solar halo formed in the Bond constellation. In the seventeenth year, in the sixth month, on the day xin-mao, back qi formed on the sun.
125
In the third year of Baoqing, in the twelfth month, on the day ji-you, beside the sun appeared vapor resembling an aureole.
126
In the third year of Shaoding, in the second month, on the day bing-shen, back qi appeared on the sun. In the fourth year, in the seventh month, on the day ji-chou, receiving qi formed on the sun. In the fifth year, in the third month, on the day ding-you, embracing qi formed on the sun.
127
In the first year of Duanping, in the fourth month, on the day jia-shen, a red halo formed around the sun. in the sixth month, on the day wu-zi, a red-yellow halo formed around the sun. In the second year, in the sixth month, on the day wu-yin, receiving qi appeared on the sun. In the third year, in the second month, on the day xin-hai, a complete halo ringed the sun.
128
In the first year of Jiaxi, in the second month, on the day ji-you, a complete halo ringed the sun. in the third month, back qi appeared on the sun. In the fourth year, in the second month, on the new moon, the day bing-shen, back qi formed on the sun. on the day xin-chou, a white rainbow ran through the sun.
129
In the first year of Chunyou, in the second month, on the day wu-yin, a solar halo formed in the afternoon. In the third year, in the seventh month, on the day jiawu, lattice qi formed on the sun. In the fifth year, in the fifth month, on the day wu-shen, a red-yellow halo formed around the sun. in the sixth month, on the day jia-zi, a complete halo ringed the sun. In the sixth year, in the third month, on the day gui-si, a complete halo ringed the sun. in the fourth month, on the day ding-chou, a complete halo ringed the sun. In the seventh year, in the second month, on the day wu-shen, a complete halo ringed the sun. In the eighth year, in the sixth month, on the day ji-you, a solar halo formed in the Well constellation.
130
In the first year of Baoyou, in the first month, on the day wu-xu, bearing qi formed on the sun. In the second year, in the second month, on the day xin-you, a complete halo ringed the sun. In the fourth year, in the third month, on the day yi-mao, a complete halo ringed the sun.
131
In the fourth year of Jingding, in the fourth month, on the day wu-chen, a red-yellow halo formed around the sun. In the fifth year, in the third month, on the day ji-chou, a solar halo formed in the Bond constellation. in the sixth month, on the day geng-wu, a red-yellow halo formed around the sun. In the ninth month on the day jichou, lattice qi formed on the sun.
132
In the first year of Xianchun, in the sixth month, on the day ren-wu, receiving qi formed on the sun. In the seventh year, a complete red-yellow halo formed around the sun.
133
In the first year of Kaibao, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the tenth month, on the day wu-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the fourth month, on the day yi-you, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the eighth month, on the day ren-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year, in the eighth month, on the day geng-yin, a lunar eclipse was expected but did not take place.
134
In the second year of Taiping Xingguo, in the sixth month, on the day jia-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. , a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the tenth month, on the day bing-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the fifth year, in the eighth month, on the day yi-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse.
135
In the first year of Yongxi, in the first month, on the day bing-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the seventh month, on the day wu-wu, a lunar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the fourth year, in the fifth month, on the day ding-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred.
136
In the second year of Duangong, in the third month, on the day ding-you, a lunar eclipse was expected but did not take place.
137
In the first year of Chunhua, in the first month, on the day geng-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the eighth month, on the day ren-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the third year, in the first month, on the day gui-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the eighth month, on the day bing-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the fifth year, in the sixth month, on the day yi-wei, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the twelfth month, on the day gui-si, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse.
138
In the first year of Zhidao, in the sixth month, on the day ji-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. in the twelfth month, on the day ding-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the tenth month, on the day xin-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred.
139
In the first year of Xianping, in the tenth month, on the day geng-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the ninth month, on the day yi-wei, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the second month, on the day ren-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the eighth month, on the day geng-shen, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the eighth month, on the day jia-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the first month, on the day xin-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the seventh month, on the day wu-shen, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the first month, on the day jia-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the seventh month, on the day ren-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred.
140
In the first year of Jingde, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the fifth month, on the day ren-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the tenth month, on the day geng-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the fifth month, on the day xin-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. in the ninth month, on the day wu-yin, a lunar eclipse was expected but did not take place.
141
In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu, in the ninth month, on the day gui-you, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the ninth month, on the day ding-mao, a lunar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the third year, in intercalary second month, on the day jia-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the first month, on the day jia-shen, a lunar eclipse occurred, but haze obscured the sky and it could not be seen. in the seventh month, on the day geng-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the twelfth month, on the day ding-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the eighth year, in the tenth month, on the day xin-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the ninth year, in the fourth month, on the day ji-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
142
In the first year of Tianxi, in the fourth month, on the day ren-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the tenth month, on the day geng-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the second month, on the day ren-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the eighth month, on the day gui-si, a lunar eclipse occurred.
143
In the second year of Tiansheng, in the fifth month, on the day ren-yin, a lunar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the fourth year, in the fifth month, on the day wu-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred.
144
In the second year of Qingli, in the sixth month, on the day ding-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the fourth month, on the day geng-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the ninth month, on the day wu-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the ninth month, on the day ren-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred.
145
In the second year of Huangyou, in the seventh month, on the day geng-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the tenth month, on the day xin-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred.
146
In the second year of Zhihe, in the ninth month, on the day geng-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred.
147
In the first year of Jiayou, in the eighth month, on the day jia-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the second year, in the second month, on the day ren-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the eighth month, on the day wu-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in intercalary twelfth month, on the day xin-si, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the sixth month, on the day wu-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the twelfth month, on the day ji-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the fifth year, in the twelfth month, on the day ji-si, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year, in the tenth month, on the day ji-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the eighth year, in the tenth month, on the day gui-wei, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse.
148
In the first year of Zhiping, in the fourth month, on the day geng-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the second month, on the day jia-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred.
149
In the first year of Xining, in the seventh month, on the day yi-you, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the second year, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the fifth month, on the day yi-si, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the fourth year, in the fifth month, on the day ji-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred. , a lunar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the third month, on the day wu-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the ninth month, on the day yi-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year, in the ninth month, on the day ji-you, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the ninth year, in the first month, on the day ren-shen, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the tenth year, in the first month, on the day bing-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the seventh month, on the day gui-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
150
In the first year of Yuanfeng, in the first month, on the day geng-shen, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds blocked the view. in the sixth month, on the day wu-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the sixth month, on the day ren-zi, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the third year, in the tenth month, on the day jia-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the fourth year, in the fourth month, on the day xin-wei, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. in the tenth month, on the day ji-si, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the tenth month, on the day gui-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the eighth month, on the day ding-hai, a lunar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the seventh year, in the second month, on the day yi-you, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. in the eighth month, on the day xin-si, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the eighth year, in the eighth month, on the day bing-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse.
151
In the first year of Yuanyou, in the twelfth month, on the day wu-xu, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the third year, in the sixth month, on the day geng-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. in the twelfth month, on the day ding-hai, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the fourth year, in the fifth month, on the day jia-shen, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the fifth year, in the fifth month, on the day wu-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the sixth year, in the fourth month, on the day gui-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the seventh year, in the third month, on the day wu-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the eighth year, in the ninth month, on the day ji-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
152
In the third year of Shaosheng, in the seventh month, on the day gui-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the fourth year, in the first month, on the day geng-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
153
In the first year of Yuanfu, in the fifth month, on the day ren-xu, a lunar eclipse was expected but did not take place. In the second year, in the fifth month, on the day bing-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. in the tenth month, on the day jia-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the third year, in the tenth month, on the day wu-shen, a lunar eclipse occurred.
154
In the second year of Chongning, in the second month, on the day jia-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. in the eighth month, on the day xin-you, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the third year, in the second month, on the day ji-wei, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the eighth month, on the day bing-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the twelfth month, on the day wu-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the sixth month, on the day yi-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the twelfth month, on the day ren-shen, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse.
155
In the third year of Daguan, in the tenth month, on the day bing-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the fourth month, on the day jia-shen, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. in the ninth month, on the day geng-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse.
156
In the first year of Zhenghe, in the third month, on the day wu-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the ninth month, on the day jia-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the second month, on the day ding-you, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the tenth month, on the day jia-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the first month, on the day xin-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the sixth year, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year, a lunar eclipse occurred.
157
In the first year of Chonghe, in the fifth month, on the day bing-undefined, a lunar eclipse occurred.
158
In the second year of Xuanhe, in the third month, on the day bing-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the first month, on the day gui-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the twelfth month, on the day wu-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse.
159
In the third year of Jianyan, in the second month, on the day ren-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred in the Chariot Crossbar constellation.
160
In the first year of Shaoxing, in the eighth month, on the day ji-mao, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the second year, in the second month, on the day bing-zi, though the moon was not due to wane, it became obscured; its disk resembled an eclipsed moon, and its color was yellow-white.
161
in the seventh month, on the day jia-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred in the Room constellation, a total eclipse. In the third year, in the seventh month, on the day wu-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred in the Rooftop constellation. In the fourth year, in the twelfth month, on the day geng-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred in the Well constellation. In the fifth year, a lunar eclipse occurred in the Well constellation, a total eclipse. In the sixth year, in the fifth month, on the day xin-si, a lunar eclipse occurred in the Southern Dipper constellation. , a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the eighth year, in the third month, on the day xin-chou, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. in the ninth month, on the day ding-you, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the ninth year, in the ninth month, on the day ren-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred in the Stomach constellation, a total eclipse. In the twelfth year, in the seventh month, on the day bing-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the thirteenth year, in the sixth month, on the day geng-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. in the twelfth month, on the day wu-xu, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the fourteenth year, in the sixth month, on the day jia-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred in the Nü constellation. In the fifteenth year, in the fifth month, on the day ji-wei, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the sixteenth year, in the fourth month, on the day jia-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the twenty-first year of Shaoxing, on the full moon of the second month, the day bing-chen, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the twenty-fifth year of Shaoxing, on the full moon of the fifth month, the day ren-xu, a lunar eclipse was expected, but mountain shadows intervened and the degree of obscuration could not be observed. In the twenty-seventh year of Shaoxing, in the ninth month, on the day ding-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the thirtieth year, in the first month, on the full moon, the day jia-wu, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen.
162
In the second year of Longxing, in the fifth month, on the day ji-hai, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen.
163
In the first year of Qiandao, in the fourth month, on the day jia-wu, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the fourth year, in the second month, on the day ding-wei, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the fifth year, in the second month, on the day xin-chou, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the sixth year, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the eighth year, in the sixth month, on the day ren-zi, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen.
164
In the first year of Chunxi, in the fourth month, on the day ren-shen, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the second year, in the fourth month, on the day bing-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred in the Fang constellation, a total eclipse. in the ninth month, on the day gui-hai, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the third year, in the third month, on the day geng-shen, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the fifth year, in the second month, on the day ji-mao, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the sixth year, in the first month, on the day jia-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the eighth year, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the ninth year, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the tenth year, in the fifth month, on the day ji-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the twelfth year, in the third month, on the day wu-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the ninth month, on the day yi-wei, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the thirteenth year, in the third month, on the day ren-chen, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. in the eighth month, on the day geng-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the fourteenth year, in the eighth month, on the day jia-shen, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the sixteenth year, in the twelfth month, on the day xin-chou, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
165
In the first year of Shaoxi, in the sixth month, on the day ding-you, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. , a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the second year, in the sixth month, on the day ren-chen, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the third year, in the fourth month, on the day yi-si, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the fifth year, in the ninth month, on the day gui-mao, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
166
In the second year of Qingyuan, in the eighth month, on the day ren-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the seventh month, on the day ji-wei, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the fourth year, in the seventh month, on the day geng-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the fifth month, on the day geng-wu, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen.
167
In the second year of Jiatai, in the fifth month, on the day ji-wei, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the third year, in the third month, on the day gui-wei, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen.
168
In the first year of Kaixi, in the third month, on the day ren-shen, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. in intercalary eighth month, on the day ji-si, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast clouds prevented it from being seen. In the third year, in the first month, on the day ren-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the seventh month, on the day wu-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred.
169
In the first year of Jiading, in the second month, on the day bing-xu, a lunar eclipse was expected, but overcast rain prevented it from being seen. in the twelfth month, on the day geng-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the second year, in the sixth month, on the day ding-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the tenth month, on the day wu-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year, in the second month, on the day geng-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the eighth month, on the day ding-wei, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the eighth year, in the eighth month, on the day xin-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the ninth year, in the second month, on the day ji-hai, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. in intercalary seventh month, on the day yi-wei, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the tenth year, in the twelfth month, on the day wu-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the eleventh year, in the sixth month, on the day yi-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the twelfth month, on the day ren-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred, a total eclipse. In the twelfth year, in the fifth month, on the day geng-xu, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. , a lunar eclipse occurred. In the thirteenth year, in the fifth month, on the day jia-chen, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the fourteenth year, in the tenth month, on the day bing-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifteenth year, in the third month, on the day gui-hai, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen. In the sixteenth year, in the third month, on the day ding-si, a lunar eclipse was expected, but clouds obscured the sky and it could not be seen.
170
In the first year of Baoqing, in the first month, on the day ding-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the seventh month, on the day gui-you, a lunar eclipse occurred, but overcast rain prevented it from being seen. In the second year, in the seventh month, on the day wu-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred, but overcast rain prevented it from being seen.
171
In the first year of Shaoding, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the second year, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the fourth month, on the day geng-wu, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the third month, on the day yi-wei, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the second month, on the day geng-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred.
172
In the second year of Duanping, in the twelfth month, on the day gui-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the twelfth month, on the day ding-you, a lunar eclipse occurred.
173
In the first year of Jiaxi, in the sixth month, on the day yi-wei, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the fourth month, on the day jia-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the fourth month, on the day wu-shen, a lunar eclipse occurred.
174
In the first year of Chunyou, in the ninth month, on the day geng-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the tenth month, on the day gui-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the seventh month, on the day wu-shen, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the seventh year, in the fifth month, on the day ding-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the eighth year, in the tenth month, on the day ji-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the eleventh year, in the third month, on the day yi-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the ninth month, on the day ren-shen, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the twelfth year, in the eighth month, on the day bing-yin, a lunar eclipse occurred.
175
In the second year of Baoyou, in intercalary sixth month, on the day bing-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the third year, in the twelfth month, on the day ding-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the tenth month, on the day ding-you, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the fourth month, on the day gui-si, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the tenth month, on the day xin-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred.
176
In the first year of Kaiqing, in the fourth month, on the day wu-zi, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the tenth month, on the day yi-you, a lunar eclipse occurred.
177
In the second year of Jingding, in the seventh month, on the day jia-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred.
178
In the second year of Xianchun, in the sixth month, on the day ding-chou, a lunar eclipse occurred. , a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fourth year, in the seventh month, on the day gui-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the fifth year, in the ninth month, on the day ding-si, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the sixth year, in the third month, on the day yi-mao, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the ninth month, on the day xin-hai, a lunar eclipse occurred. In the ninth year, in the first month, on the day wu-chen, a lunar eclipse occurred. in the twelfth month, on the day ren-xu, a lunar eclipse occurred.
179
西
In the fourth year of Tianxi, in the fourth month, on the day yi-you, two moons appeared simultaneously in the southwest.
180
Lunar corona-glory phenomena.
181
From the first year of Jianlong through the end of the Kaibao era, there were nineteen aureoles, thirteen corona-glory qi, twenty-nine halos, one double halo, fourteen half-halos, two crossing halos, and two button qi.
182
From the first year of Taiping Xingguo through the end of the Zhidao era, there was one crown qi, six aureoles, five corona-glory qi, two red qi, one embracing qi, eight halos, three half-halos, and one back qi.
183
From the first year of Xianping through the end of the Qianxing era, there were three double rings, one hundred twenty aureoles, twelve crown qi, twelve halo qi, eight receiving qi, three embracing qi, nine bearing qi, seventeen red-yellow qi, eleven five-colored qi, two azure-red qi, one yellow-red qi, three hundred ninety-four halos, twenty five-colored double halos, and one back qi.
184
From the first year of Tiansheng through the end of the Jiayou era, there was one raised light, one ray qi, one red-light corona-glory qi, five corona-glory qi, one five-colored corona-glory qi, two hundred fifty-seven halos, thirty-three circumferential halos, four crossing halos, one linked-ring halo, seventy-two aureoles, five crown qi, thirteen bearing qi, five receiving qi, one back qi, one white rainbow piercing the moon, and two yellow rainbows piercing the moon.
185
From the first through the fourth year of Zhiping, there was one five-colored corona-glory qi, one five-colored halo qi, fifty-one halos, fifteen aureoles, one crown qi, four bearing qi, and two back qi. From the fourth year of Zhiping through the end of the Yuanfeng era, there were eleven five-colored corona-glory qi, six five-colored halo qi, four hundred twenty-three halos, two hundred forty-seven circumferential halos, two crossing halos, one hundred thirty-four aureoles, seven crown qi, fifty bearing qi, five receiving qi, ten back qi, five white rainbows piercing the moon, one piercing aureole, and one five-colored cloud.
186
From the fifth day of the third month of the eighth year of Yuanfeng through the twelfth day of the first month of the third year of Yuanfu, there were nine five-colored halo qi, eighty-nine halos, two hundred fifty-one circumferential halos, one double halo, three crossing halos, one hundred three aureoles, seven crown qi, twenty-seven bearing qi, eight back qi, two white rainbows piercing the moon, and one piercing aureole.
187
From the first month of the third year of Yuanfu through the fourth month of the second year of Jingkang, there were five halos, two halo-aureole, five-colored halos, two aureoles, one halo-crown, one crossing halo, one double halo, one white rainbow piercing the moon, and one five-colored cloud.
188
In the tenth month of the fourth year of Jianyan, on the day ji-mao, halos displayed five colors.
189
In the second year of Shaoxing, in the fourth month, on the day ren-shen, a halo formed in the Chariot Crossbar constellation. in the fifth month, on the day yi-hai, a halo displayed five colors. In the fourth year, in the sixth month, on the day ren-wu, a halo generated aureoles. In the fifth year, in the first month, on the day wu-wu, a halo formed in the Eastern Well constellation.
190
西
In the first year of Qiandao, in the third month, on the day ding-si, a complete halo formed, reaching the western panel stars of the Grand Forbidden Enclosure. In the third year, in the fifth month, on the day ren-wu, yellow-white halos appeared, with aureoles on both sides. In the fourth year, in the third month, on the day ren-yin, a complete halo formed. In the fifth year, in the second month, on the day geng-zi, a complete halo formed.
191
In the third year of Jiatai, in the seventh month, on the day ren-wu, a white rainbow resembling a half-halo ran through the moon.
192
In the sixth year of Chunyou, in intercalary fourth month, on the day xin-chou, a five-layer halo formed. in the tenth month, on the day xin-chou, aureoles appeared. In the eighth year, in the second month, on the day wu-zi, a halo displayed yellow-white color.
193
In the fourth year of Baoyou, in the third month, on the day yi-mao, halos formed completely in each case.
194
In the second year of Deyou, in the first month, on the day ji-mao, a halo formed at Eastern Well.
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