1
禮十四 〈（嘉禮二）〉
Rites 14 (Auspicious Ceremonies, Part Two)
2
○冊立皇后儀冊命皇太子儀冊皇太子妃儀公主受封儀冊命親王大臣儀
Ceremonies for installing the empress; for investing the crown prince; for investing the crown prince's consort; for ennobling a princess; and for investing princes and great ministers
3
冊立皇后。 建隆元年，立琅邪郡夫人王氏為皇后，命所司擇日備禮冊命。 自後，凡制書云「冊命」者，多不行冊禮。 後妃皆寫冊命告身，以金花龍鳳羅紙、金塗褾袋，有司進入，學士院草制，宣於正殿。 近臣、牧守、宗室皆修貢禮，群臣拜表稱賀，又詣內東門奉箋賀皇后。
The ceremony for installing the empress. In the first year of Jianlong (960), Lady Wang of Langye Commandery was installed as empress, and the responsible offices were instructed to choose a date and prepare the full patent ceremony. Afterward, whenever an edict spoke of "investiture by patent," the formal patent ceremony was usually omitted. Consorts received written patents and appointment credentials on gold-flowered dragon-phoenix gauze, in gold-gilded cases; the appropriate offices forwarded them, the Hanlin Academy drafted the text, and it was proclaimed in the main audience hall. Close advisers, regional governors, and imperial clansmen all offered tribute; the officials submitted congratulatory memorials, and also went to the Inner Eastern Gate to present congratulatory documents to the empress.
4
真宗冊德妃劉氏為皇后，不欲令藩臣貢賀，不降制於外廷，止命學士草詞付中書。
When Emperor Zhenzong invested Virtuous Consort Liu as empress, he did not want frontier officials to offer congratulatory tribute, issued no edict to the outer court, and merely had Hanlin academicians draft the text and pass it to the Secretariat.
5
仁宗冊皇后曹氏，其冊制如皇太子，玉用瑉玉五十簡，匣依冊之長短； 寶用金，方一寸五分，高一寸，其文曰“皇后之寶”，盤螭紐，綬並緣冊寶法物約舊制為之，匣、盝並朱漆金塗銀裝。 其禮與《通禮》異，不立仗，不設縣。
When Emperor Renzong invested Empress Cao, her patent followed the crown prince's model: fifty slips of min-jade, with a case sized to the patent's length; the seal was of gold, one and a half inches square and one inch high, inscribed "Seal of the Empress," with a coiled-dragon knob; cords and accompanying regalia for the patent and seal followed the old regulations in broad outline; case and casket were both cinnabar lacquer with gold-gilded silver mountings. The ceremony differed from the Comprehensive Rites: no guard of honor was posted and no ritual music was arranged.
6
前一日，守宮設次於朝堂，設冊寶使、副次於東門外，命婦次於受冊寶殿門外，設皇后受冊寶位於殿庭階下北向。 奉禮設冊寶使位於內東門外，副使、內侍位於其南，差退，東向北上，冊寶案位於使前南向，又設內給事位於北廂南向。
On the eve of the ceremony, palace attendants set up pavilions in the audience hall; pavilions for the patent-and-seal envoy and deputy outside the eastern gate; titled ladies' pavilions outside the hall where the patent and seal would be received; and the empress's receiving station on the steps below the hall courtyard, facing north. Ceremonial attendants placed the envoy's station outside the Inner Eastern Gate, with the deputy and inner attendants to the south, slightly withdrawn, facing east from the north; the patent-and-seal table before the envoy, facing south; and the inner chamberlain's station in the north wing, facing south.
7
其日，百官常服早入次，禮直官、通事舍人先引中書令、侍中、門下侍郎、中書侍郎及奉冊寶官，執事人絳衣介幘，詣垂拱殿門就次，以俟冊降。 禮直官、通事舍人分引宰臣、樞密、冊寶使副、百官詣文德殿立班，東西相向。 內侍二員自內承旨降皇后冊寶出垂拱殿，奉冊寶官俱搢笏率執事人，禮直官導中書侍郎押冊，中書令後從，門下侍郎押寶，侍中後從，由東上閣門出，至文德殿庭權置。
On the day itself, all officials in regular dress entered their stations early; ritual officers and communication chamberlains first led the Secretariat Director, Attendant-in-Chief, Chancellery and Secretariat vice directors, and patent-and-seal bearers, with attendants in crimson robes and caps, to the Chui'gong Hall gate to wait for the patent to be brought down. Ritual officers and communication chamberlains then led the chief ministers, Privy Council members, the patent-and-seal envoy and deputy, and all officials to the Wende Hall to form ranks facing each other east and west. Two inner attendants, acting on orders from within, brought the empress's patent and seal down from the Chui'gong Hall; the patent-and-seal bearers all inserted their tablets and led their attendants; ritual officers guided the Secretariat Vice Director escorting the patent with the Secretariat Director behind, and the Chancellery Vice Director escorting the seal with the Attendant-in-Chief behind; they exited through the Upper Eastern Gate and temporarily set them down in the Wende Hall courtyard.
8
禮直官、通事舍人引使、副就位，次引侍中於使前，西向稱“有制”，典儀曰“再拜”，讚者承傳，使、副、在位官皆再拜，宣曰：“贈尚書令、冀王曹彬孫女冊為皇后，命公等持節展禮。 ”使、副再拜，侍中還位，門下侍郎帥主節者詣使東北，主節以節授門下侍郎，門下侍郎執節授冊使，冊使跪受，興，付主節，幡隨節立於使左。 次引中書令、侍中詣冊寶東北，西向立，中書侍郎引冊案立於中書令右，中書令取冊授冊寶使，使跪受，興，置於案，中書令、中書侍郎退復班。 門下侍郎引寶案於侍中之右，取寶授冊寶使如上儀，退復位，典儀讚拜訖，禮直官、通事舍人引使、副押冊寶，持節者前導，奉冊寶官奉舁，援衛如式，以次出朝堂門，詣內東門附內臣入進。
Ritual officers and communication chamberlains led the envoy and deputy to their stations, then led the Attendant-in-Chief before the envoy, who faced west and announced, "There is an edict." The master of ceremonies called for a double bow; the announcer relayed the command, and the envoy, deputy, and all present officials bowed twice. The proclamation ran: "The granddaughter of the late Secretariat Director and Prince of Ji, Cao Bin, is invested as empress. We command you to bear the staff of authority and conduct the ceremony. " The envoy and deputy bowed again; the Attendant-in-Chief returned to his place; the Chancellery Vice Director led the staff-bearer to the envoy's northeast; the staff was passed to the Chancellery Vice Director, who handed it to the patent envoy; the envoy knelt to receive it, rose, and returned it to the staff-bearer; the banner followed the staff and stood to the envoy's left. Next the Secretariat Director and Attendant-in-Chief were led to the northeast of the patent and seal and stood facing west; the Secretariat Vice Director brought the patent table to the Director's right; the Director took the patent and handed it to the patent-and-seal envoy, who knelt to receive it, rose, and set it on the table; the Director and Vice Director withdrew to their ranks. The Chancellery Vice Director brought the seal table to the Attendant-in-Chief's right and handed the seal to the envoy by the same procedure, then withdrew. When the bowing announcements were complete, ritual officers led the envoy and deputy escorting the patent and seal, with the staff-bearer going before, the bearers carrying them aloft, and guards as prescribed; they left in order through the audience hall gate, went to the Inner Eastern Gate, and were handed to inner attendants to enter and present.
9
內臣引內外命婦入就位，內侍詣閣請皇后服禕衣。 冊寶至，使、副俱東向內給事前，北內跪稱：“冊寶使李迪、副使王隨奉制授皇后冊寶。 ”俯伏，興，退復位。 內給事入詣受冊寶殿門皇后前跪奏訖，內侍進詣使前，西面跪受冊寶，以授內謁者監，使退復位。 內謁者監、主當內臣持冊寶入內東門，內侍從之，以次入詣殿庭。 內侍讚引皇后降立庭中北向位，內侍跪取冊，次內侍跪取寶，興，立皇后右少前，西向，內侍二員進立皇后左少前東向，內侍稱“有制”，內侍讚皇后再拜，內侍奉冊進授皇后，皇后受以授內侍，次內侍奉寶亦然。 復讚再拜訖，導皇后升坐，內臣引內外命婦稱賀如常儀。 禮畢，內侍導皇后降坐還閣，內外命婦班退。 皇后易常服，謝皇帝、皇太后，用常禮。 百官詣東上閣門表賀。
Inner attendants led titled ladies from within and without to their stations; inner attendants went to the empress's quarters to ask her to don her ceremonial robe. When the patent and seal arrived, the envoy and deputy both faced east before the inner chamberlain and, kneeling within the inner palace, announced: "Patent-and-seal Envoy Li Di and Deputy Envoy Wang Sui, by imperial command, present the empress's patent and seal. " They bowed prostrate, rose, and returned to their stations. The inner chamberlain entered, went to the hall gate, knelt before the empress and reported; when he had finished, inner attendants advanced to the envoy, knelt facing west to receive the patent and seal, and handed them to the Supervisor of Inner Chamberlains; the envoy withdrew to his station. The Supervisor of Inner Chamberlains and duty attendants carried the patent and seal through the Inner Eastern Gate, followed by inner attendants, and entered the hall courtyard in order. Inner attendants announced and led the empress down to her north-facing station in the courtyard; one attendant knelt and took the patent, then another knelt and took the seal, rose, and stood slightly before the empress's right, facing west; two attendants stood slightly before her left, facing east; an attendant announced, "There is an edict," and called for the empress to bow twice; attendants presented the patent, which the empress received and handed back to an attendant; the seal was presented in the same way. After the second double bow, they led the empress to her seat; inner attendants led titled ladies from within and without to offer congratulations according to the usual rites. When the ceremony was finished, inner attendants led the empress from her seat back to her quarters; titled ladies from within and without withdrew in ranks. The empress changed into ordinary dress and thanked the emperor and empress dowager according to the usual rites. All officials went to the Upper Eastern Gate to submit memorials of congratulation.
10
元祐五年八月，太皇太后詔：以皇帝納後，令翰林學士、御史中丞、兩省與太常禮官檢詳古今六禮沿革，參考《通禮》典故，具為成式。 群臣又議勘昏，御史中丞鄭雍等請不用陰陽之說，呂大防亦言不可，太后納之。
In the eighth month of the fifth year of Yuanyou (1090), the Grand Empress Dowager decreed that, because the emperor was taking an empress, Hanlin academicians, the Censor-in-Chief, both secretariats, and Court of Imperial Sacrifices ritual officers should examine the evolution of the Six Rites through history, consult the Comprehensive Rites, and compile a definitive procedure. The officials also debated divining the wedding date; Censor-in-Chief Zheng Yong and others asked that yin-yang calculations not be used; Lü Dagong likewise objected; the empress dowager accepted their view.
11
六年八月，三省、樞密院言：“六禮，命使納采、問名、納吉、納成、告期，差執政官攝太尉充使，侍從官或判宗正官攝宗正卿充副使。 以舊尚書省權為皇后行第。 納采、問名同日，次日納吉、納成、告期。 納成用穀圭為贄，不用雁。 ‘請期’依《開寶禮》改為‘告期’，‘親迎’為‘命使奉迎’。 納采前，擇日告天地、宗廟。 皇帝臨軒發冊，同日，先遣冊禮使、副，次遣奉迎使，令文武百官詣行第班迎。 ”又言：“據《開元禮》，納采、問名合用一使，納吉、納成各別日遣使。 今未委三禮共遣一使，或各遣使。 又合依發冊例立仗。 ”詔：“各遣使，文德殿發制依發冊立仗。”
In the eighth month of the sixth year (1091), the Three Departments and Privy Council reported: "For the Six Rites—envoys for presenting gifts, inquiring the name, presenting auspicious omens, presenting the bride-price, and announcing the date—chief councillors should serve as acting Grand Marshal and envoy; attendant officials or the official in charge of the Imperial Clan Court should serve as acting Director of the Imperial Clan Court and deputy envoy. The former Secretariat compound was to serve provisionally as the empress's family residence. Presenting gifts and inquiring the name would occur on the same day; presenting auspicious omens, the bride-price, and announcing the date would follow the next day. For presenting the bride-price, a grain jade tablet would serve as the gift in place of wild geese. "Requesting the date," per the Kaibao Rites, was changed to "announcing the date"; "the groom welcomes the bride in person" became "appointing an envoy to conduct the welcome." Before presenting gifts, a day would be chosen to report to Heaven, Earth, and the ancestral temples. The emperor would appear at court to issue the patent; on the same day, the patent-ceremony envoy and deputy would be sent first, then the welcome envoy; civil and military officials would proceed to the family residence to form ranks of welcome. " They added: "According to the Kaiyuan Rites, presenting gifts and inquiring the name should share one envoy, while presenting auspicious omens and the bride-price each require envoys on separate days. It was not yet decided whether the three later rites should share one envoy or each have its own. They also asked whether a guard of honor should be posted as when issuing a patent. " The court replied: "Each rite shall have its own envoy; issuing the edict at the Wende Hall shall follow the patent ceremony, with a guard of honor posted.
12
七年正月，詔尚書左丞蘇頌撰冊文並書。 學士院上六禮辭語，其納采制文略曰：“太皇太后曰：“谘某官封姓名，渾元資始，肇經人倫，爰及夫婦，以奉天地、宗廟、社稷。 謀於公卿，鹹以為宜。 率由舊典，今遣使持節太尉某、宗正卿某以禮納采。 ”其答文曰：“太皇太后嘉命，訪婚陋族，備數采擇，臣之女未閑教訓，衣履若而人。 欽承舊章，肅奉典制。 某官封糞土臣姓某稽首再拜承制詔。 ”問名制曰：“兩儀合德，萬物之統，以聽內治，必谘令族。 重宣舊典，今遣使持節某官以禮問名。 ”答曰：“使者重宣中制，問臣名族。 臣女，夫婦所生，先臣故某官之遺微孫，先臣故某官之遺曾孫，先臣故某官之遺孫，先臣故某官之外孫女，年若干。 欽承舊章，肅奉典制。 ”納吉制曰：“人謀龜筮，同符元吉，恭順典禮，今使某官以禮納吉。 ”答曰：“使者重宣中制，臣陋族卑鄙，憂懼不堪。 欽承舊章，肅奉典制。 ”納成制曰：“谘某官某之女，孝友恭儉，實維母儀，宜奉宗廟，永承天祚。 以黝纁、穀圭、六馬以章典禮，今使某官以禮納成。 ”答曰：“使者重宣中制，降婚卑陋，崇以上公，寵以豐禮，備物典策。 欽承舊章，肅奉典制。 ”告期制曰：“謀於公卿，大筮元龜，罔有不臧，吉日惟某月、某甲子可迎。 率遵典禮，今遣某官以禮告期。 ”答曰：“使者重宣中制，以某月、某甲子吉日告期。 臣欽承舊章，肅奉典制。 ”奉迎制曰：“禮之大體，欽順重正，其期維吉，典圖是若，今遣某官以禮奉迎。 ”答曰：“使者重宣中制，今日吉辰，備禮以迎。 螻蟻之族，猥承大禮，憂懼戰悸。 欽率舊章，肅奉典制。 ”餘如式。
In the first month of the seventh year (1092), the court ordered Secretariat Left Vice Director Su Song to draft and write the patent text. The Hanlin Academy submitted the formulas for the Six Rites. The edict for presenting gifts read in summary: "The Grand Empress Dowager says: Having consulted [title, name, and rank]—from the origin of the cosmos through the founding of human relations, down to the bond of husband and wife, to serve Heaven and Earth, the ancestral temples, and the altars of soil and grain— after consulting the chief ministers, all judged it fitting. Following the ancient canon, We now dispatch envoys bearing the staff of authority—Grand Marshal [name] and Director of the Imperial Clan Court [name]—to present gifts according to ritual. " The response read: "The Grand Empress Dowager's gracious command, seeking marriage with our humble clan and numbering us among those selected—my daughter has not yet been fully trained in deportment; her dress and conduct are as follows. Reverently accepting the ancient regulations, I solemnly follow the canonical procedure. [Title and rank], this unworthy subject [surname], kowtowing and bowing twice, receives the edict by imperial command. " The edict for inquiring the name read: "The two principles unite in virtue—the governing order of all things; to attend to inner governance, one must consult an eminent clan. Reiterating the ancient canon, We now dispatch an envoy bearing the staff of authority—[official]—to inquire the name according to ritual. " The response read: "The envoy has again proclaimed the central edict, inquiring as to my clan and lineage. My daughter, born of my wife and me, is the surviving minor grandson of my late father, the former [official]; the surviving great-grandson of my late father, the former [official]; the surviving grandson of my late father, the former [official]; and the granddaughter by a daughter of my late father, the former [official]; she is [number] years of age. Reverently accepting the ancient regulations, I solemnly follow the canonical procedure. " The edict for presenting auspicious omens read: "Human counsel and tortoise and milfoil divination alike accord with supreme good fortune; reverently following the canonical rites, We now send [official] to present auspicious omens according to ritual. " The response read: "The envoy has again proclaimed the central edict; my humble clan is base and unworthy; I am overwhelmed with anxiety and fear. Reverently accepting the ancient regulations, I solemnly follow the canonical procedure. " The edict for presenting the bride-price read: "Having consulted [official]'s daughter—filial, friendly, respectful, and frugal, truly a model of womanly virtue—fit to serve the ancestral temples and forever receive Heaven's mandate. With dark and light red silk, a grain jade tablet, and six horses to display the canonical rites, We now send [official] to present the bride-price according to ritual. " The response read: "The envoy has again proclaimed the central edict; bestowing marriage on our base and humble house, honoring us with the rank of chief duke, favoring us with abundant rites, and providing the full regalia of canonical documents. Reverently accepting the ancient regulations, I solemnly follow the canonical procedure. " The edict for announcing the date read: "After consulting the chief ministers and divining with the great tortoise, nothing inauspicious was found; the auspicious day is the [cyclical day] of the [month], when the welcome may proceed. Following the canonical rites, We now dispatch [official] to announce the date according to ritual. " The response read: "The envoy has again proclaimed the central edict, announcing that the auspicious [cyclical day] of [month] is the date for the welcome. Your subject reverently accepts the ancient regulations and solemnly follows the canonical procedure. " The edict for conducting the welcome read: "The great substance of ritual is reverent compliance with weighty rectitude; the date is auspicious and the canonical pattern is thus; We now dispatch [official] to conduct the welcome according to ritual. " The response read: "The envoy has again proclaimed the central edict; today is the auspicious day, and all rites are prepared for the welcome. Our clan, mere ants, presumptuously receives this great honor; I am anxious, fearful, and trembling. Reverently following the ancient regulations, I solemnly adhere to the canonical procedure. " The remainder follows the prescribed form.
13
三月，禮部、太常寺上納後儀注：
In the third month, the Ministry of Rites and Court of Imperial Sacrifices submitted the protocol for taking the empress:
14
發六禮制書。 太皇太后御崇慶殿，內外命婦立班行禮畢，內給事出殿門，置六禮制書案上，出內東門。 禮直官、通事舍人引由宣祐門至文德殿後門入，權置案於東上閣門。
The court issues the edicts for the Six Rites. The Grand Empress Dowager presided at the Chongqing Hall; titled ladies from within and without formed ranks and completed their rites; the inner chamberlain left the hall, set the Six Rites edicts on the table, and exited through the Inner Eastern Gate. Ritual officers and communication chamberlains led them through the Xuanyou Gate and in by the rear gate of the Wende Hall, temporarily setting the table at the Upper Eastern Gate.
15
命使納采、問名。 文德殿，宰臣、親王、執政官、宗室、百僚、大小使臣易朝服，樂備而不作。 班定，內給事奉制書案置橫街北稍東，西向北上，禮直官、通事舍人引門下、中書侍郎，次引使、副就橫街南承制位，北向東上，內給事詣使者東，北面稱“太皇太后有制”，典儀曰“再拜”，在位官皆再拜。 宣制曰：“皇帝納後，命公等持節行禮。 ”典儀曰“再拜”，使、副皆再拜。 授制書訖，典儀曰“再拜”，在位官皆再拜。 禮直官、通事舍人、太常博士引使、副從制案出，載於油絡網犢車，出宣德門，鼓吹備而不作。 至皇后行第大門外，令史二人對奉制案立，主人立大門內，儐者立主人之左，北面，進受命，出曰：“敢請事。 ”使者曰：“某奉制納采。 ”儐者入告，主人曰：“臣某之女若而人，既蒙制訪，臣某不敢辭。 ”儐者出告，入引主人出大門外，再拜。 使者先入，使者曰：“太皇太后制。 ”主人再拜。 宣制書畢，主人再拜受訖，主人進表訖，再拜，使者出。 問名同上儀。 使者曰：“將加卜筮，奉制問名。 ”主人曰：“臣某之女若而人，既蒙制命，臣某不敢辭。”
The court appoints envoys to present gifts and inquire the name. At the Wende Hall, chief ministers, imperial princes, chief councillors, clansmen, all officials, and envoys great and small changed into court dress; music was prepared but not performed. When the ranks were set, the inner chamberlain placed the edict table slightly east on the north side of the cross street, facing west from the north; ritual officers led the Chancellery and Secretariat vice directors, then the envoy and deputy to the edict-receiving station on the south side of the cross street, facing north from the east; the inner chamberlain stood to the envoy's east, faced north, and announced, "The Grand Empress Dowager has an edict"; the master of ceremonies called for a double bow, and all present officials bowed twice. The proclamation ran: "The emperor is taking an empress. We command you to bear the staff of authority and conduct the rites. " The master of ceremonies called for a double bow; the envoy and deputy both bowed twice. When the edict had been handed over, the master of ceremonies again called for a double bow, and all present officials bowed twice. Ritual officers, communication chamberlains, and Court of Imperial Sacrifices academicians led the envoy and deputy out with the edict table, loaded it on a net-covered calf cart, and exited the Xuande Gate; drums and pipes were prepared but not played. At the main gate of the empress's family residence, two clerks faced each other holding the edict table; the host stood inside the gate; the usher stood to the host's left, faced north, advanced to receive the command, came out, and said, "May I ask your business." " The envoy said, "I, [name], by imperial command present gifts. " The usher entered to report; the host said, "My daughter [name] is as described; having received the imperial inquiry, I, [name], dare not decline. " The usher came out to report, then led the host out beyond the main gate, where he bowed twice. The envoy entered first and announced, "By edict of the Grand Empress Dowager. " The host bowed twice. When the edict had been read, the host bowed twice and received it; he then submitted his memorial, bowed twice again, and the envoy departed. Inquiring the name followed the same procedure. The envoy said, "About to perform divination by tortoise and milfoil, I inquire the name by imperial command. " The host said, "My daughter [name] is as described; having received the imperial command, I, [name], dare not decline.
16
命使納吉、納成、告期並同命使納采、問名儀。 納吉，使者曰：“加請卜筮，占曰從制，使某納吉。 ”主人曰：“臣某之女若而人，龜筮雲吉，臣預有焉。 臣某謹奉典制。 ”告期，使者曰：“某奉制告期。 ”主人曰：“臣某謹奉典制。 ”以上納吉、納成、告期。 請見、授制、接表並如納采儀。
Appointing envoys to present auspicious omens, the bride-price, and announce the date all followed the same procedure as for presenting gifts and inquiring the name. For presenting auspicious omens, the envoy said, "Having additionally requested divination by tortoise and milfoil, the divination reads 'accord with the edict'; Envoy [name] presents auspicious omens. " The host said, "My daughter [name] is as described; the tortoise and milfoil pronounce auspicious; your subject had anticipated as much. I, [name], reverently follow the canonical procedure. " For announcing the date, the envoy said, "Envoy [name], by imperial command, announces the date. " The host replied, "Your subject [name] reverently follows the canonical procedure. " The foregoing covers presenting auspicious omens, the bride-price, and announcing the date. Requesting audience, conferring the edict, and receiving the memorial all followed the gift-presenting ceremony.
17
臨軒命使冊後及奉迎於文德殿。 百官朝服，皇帝常服乘輦至殿後閣，侍中奏中嚴外辦，乃服通天冠、絳紗袍，乘輦出自西房，降輦即御坐。 兩省官及待制、權侍郎、觀察使以上，分東西入殿門，各就位，東西相向立。 奉寶置御坐前，奉宣後冊由東上閣門出，至文德殿庭橫行，典儀曰“拜”，在位官皆再拜。 使、副受冊，宣制曰：“冊某氏為皇后，命公等持節展禮。 ”典儀曰“拜”，使、副再拜受冊寶訖，典儀讚百官再拜。 宣制曰：“太皇太后制：命公等持節奉迎皇后。 ”典儀讚使、副再拜受節，又讚百官再拜。 侍中奏禮畢解嚴，百官再拜出，皇帝常服還內。 冊寶至皇后行第，如納采儀。 使者曰：“某奉制授皇后備物典冊。 ”皇后受冊寶，內外命婦序立如儀，主人以書奉使者。
At court, envoys were appointed to invest the empress and conduct the welcome at the Wende Hall. All officials wore court dress. The emperor, in ordinary dress, rode the palanquin to the hall's rear pavilion. The palace secretary reported that inner strictness and outer readiness were complete; the emperor then donned the Tongtian crown and crimson gauze robe, rode the palanquin out from the west chamber, descended, and took the imperial seat. Officials of the Two Departments, attendant draft officials, acting vice ministers, and observation commissioners and above entered the hall gates in separate east and west groups, each took position, and stood facing one another. The seal was presented and placed before the imperial seat. The empress's patent was carried out through the Upper East Gateway to the Wende Hall courtyard, where the procession moved crosswise. The ritual officer called "Bow," and all officials in position bowed twice. The envoy and deputy received the patent. The edict was proclaimed: "We invest the [surname] clan as empress and command you to hold the staff of authority and carry out the rites. " The ritual officer called "Bow." The envoy and deputy bowed twice and received the patent and seal. When finished, the ritual officer prompted all officials to bow twice. An edict was proclaimed: "By edict of the Grand Empress Dowager: We command you to hold the staff of authority and conduct the welcome of the empress. " The ritual officer prompted the envoy and deputy to bow twice and receive the staff, then again prompted all officials to bow twice. The palace secretary reported that the rites were complete and strictness was lifted. All officials bowed twice and departed, and the emperor, in ordinary dress, returned within. When the patent and seal reached the empress's family residence, the ceremony followed that for presenting gifts. The envoy said, "Envoy [name], by imperial command, presents the empress with the regalia of prepared goods and canonical documents. " The empress received the patent and seal. Inner and outer appointed women took their positions in order according to ritual, and the host presented a letter to the envoy.
18
奉迎。 百官常服班宣德門外行第，儐者請，使者曰：“某奉制以禮奉迎。 ”儐者入告，主人曰：“臣某謹奉典制。 ”儐者出告，入引主人出大門外再拜。 使者先入，曰“有制”，主人再拜，使者宣制畢，主人再拜受制，答表又再拜。 姆導皇后，尚宅前引，升堂出立房外，典儀讚使、副再拜。 使者曰：“今月吉日，某等承制以禮奉迎。 ”內侍受以入，使、副退，主人以書授使者，奉於司言，受以奏聞。 皇后降立堂下再拜訖，升堂，主人升自東階，西向曰：“戒之戒之，夙夜無違命！ ”主人退，母進西階上東向，施衿、結帨曰：“勉之戒之，夙夜無違命！ ”皇后升輿至中門，升車出大門，使、副及群臣前引。 將至宣德門，百官、宗室班迎，再拜訖，分班。 皇后入門，鳴鍾鼓，班迎官退，乃降車入，次升輿入端禮門、文德殿、東上閣門，出文德殿後門，入至內東門內降輿，司輿前導，詣福寧殿門大次以俟。 晡後，皇后車入宣德門，侍中版奏請中嚴，內侍轉奏，皇帝服通天冠、絳紗袍，御福寧殿，尚宮引皇后出次，詣殿庭之東，西向立。 尚儀跪奏外辦，請皇帝降坐禮迎，尚宮前引，詣庭中之西，東面揖皇后以入，導升西階入室，各就榻前立。 尚食跪奏具，皇帝揖皇后皆坐，尚食進饌，食三飯，尚食進酒，受爵飲，尚食以饌從； 再飲如初，三飲用巹如再飲。 尚儀跪奏禮畢，俱興，尚宮請皇帝御常服，尚寢請皇后釋禮服入幄。 次日，以禮朝見太皇太后、皇太后，參皇太妃，如宮中之儀。
The ceremony for conducting the welcome. All officials in ordinary dress formed ranks outside the Xuande Gate at the family residence. The usher requested entry, and the envoy said, "Envoy [name], by imperial command, conducts the welcome according to ritual. " The usher entered to report. The host said, "Your subject [name] reverently follows the canonical procedure. " The usher came out to report, reentered, and led the host out beyond the great gate to bow twice. The envoy entered first and announced, "There is an edict." The host bowed twice. When the envoy had finished proclaiming the edict, the host bowed twice to receive it, submitted a memorial in reply, and bowed twice again. The instructress guided the empress while the Director of Palace Residences led before. They ascended the hall and came out to stand outside the chamber, and the ritual officer prompted the envoy and deputy to bow twice. The envoy said, "On this month's auspicious day, we, [names], by imperial command conduct the welcome according to ritual. " A palace attendant received it and entered. The envoy and deputy withdrew. The host presented a letter to the envoy, who delivered it to the Master of Announcements; it was received and submitted in report. The empress descended and stood below the hall to bow twice. When finished, she ascended the hall. The host ascended from the east steps, faced west, and said, "Be vigilant! Be vigilant! From early to late, do not disobey the command! " The host withdrew. The mother advanced up the west steps, faced east, adjusted the collar and tied the sash, and said, "Strive on! Be vigilant! From early to late, do not disobey the command! " The empress mounted the sedan to the middle gate, then mounted the carriage and exited the great gate, with the envoy, deputy, and all ministers leading before. As they approached the Xuande Gate, all officials and imperial clansmen formed ranks to welcome. After bowing twice, they dispersed to their positions. The empress entered the gate; bells and drums sounded, and the welcoming officials withdrew. She descended from the carriage and entered, then mounted the sedan and passed through the Duanli Gate, the Wende Hall, and the Upper East Gateway, exited the rear gate of the Wende Hall, and at the Inner East Gate descended from the sedan. The Director of Sedans led before as they proceeded to the great side-chamber at the Funing Hall gate to wait. After mid-afternoon, the empress's carriage entered the Xuande Gate. The palace secretary submitted a memorial requesting inner strictness, which a palace attendant relayed. The emperor donned the Tongtian crown and crimson gauze robe and presided at the Funing Hall. The Director of Palace Ladies led the empress from the side-chamber to the east of the hall courtyard, where she stood facing west. The Director of Ceremonies knelt and reported that outer preparations were complete, requesting that the emperor descend to welcome the empress with ritual courtesy. The Director of Palace Ladies led before to the west of the courtyard. The emperor faced east, bowed to the empress, and led her in. They were guided up the west steps into the chamber, where each took position before the couch. The Director of Food knelt and reported that all was ready. The emperor bowed to the empress and both sat. The Director of Food presented the meal, and they ate three servings of rice. The Director of Food presented wine; they received the cup and drank, and the Director of Food followed with the meal; The second round of drinking followed the first; the third round used the nuptial cup, as in the second. The Director of Ceremonies knelt and reported that the rites were complete. Both rose. The Director of Palace Ladies requested that the emperor put on ordinary dress, and the Director of the Imperial Bedchamber requested that the empress remove her ceremonial dress and enter the curtained chamber. The next day, they paid ceremonial court visits to the Grand Empress Dowager and Empress Dowager and attended the Grand Imperial Consort according to palace procedure.
19
詔從之。
An edict approved the proposal.
20
四月，太皇太后手書曰：“皇帝年長，中宮未建，曆選諸臣之家，以故侍衛親軍馬軍都虞候、贈太尉孟元孫女為皇后。 ”制詔：“六禮，尚書左仆射兼門下侍郎呂大防攝太尉，充奉迎使，同知樞密院事韓忠彥攝司徒副之； 尚書左丞蘇頌攝太尉，充發冊使，簽書樞密院事王岩叟攝司徒副之； 尚書左丞蘇轍攝太尉，充告期使，皇叔祖、同知大宗正事宗景攝大宗正卿副之； 皇伯祖、判大宗正事、高密郡王宗晟攝太尉，充納成使，翰林學士範百祿攝宗正卿副之； 吏部尚書王存攝太尉，充納吉使，權戶部尚書劉奉世攝宗正卿副之； 翰林學士梁燾攝太尉，充納采、問名使，御史中丞鄭雍攝宗正卿副之。”
In the fourth month, the Grand Empress Dowager wrote by hand: "The emperor has come of age, yet no empress has been installed. Having selected from among the households of various ministers, We take the granddaughter of the late Commander-in-Chief of the Personal Guard Cavalry, posthumously enfeoffed Grand Marshal Meng Yuan, as empress. " An edict proclaimed: "For the Six Rites: Grand Secretary of the Left and concurrently Vice Director of the Department of the Chancellery Lü Dafang, acting as Grand Marshal, shall serve as welcome envoy, with Privy Council Vice-Director Han Zhongyan, acting as Minister of Education, as deputy; Vice Director of the Left Secretariat Su Song, acting as Grand Marshal, shall serve as patent-issuing envoy, with Privy Council Signatory Wang Yansou, acting as Minister of Education, as deputy; Vice Director of the Left Secretariat Su Zhe, acting as Grand Marshal, shall serve as date-announcing envoy, with the emperor's grand-uncle, Associate Director of the Imperial Clan Court Zong Jing, acting as Director of the Imperial Clan Court, as deputy; The emperor's grand uncle, Director of the Imperial Clan Court and Prince of Gaomi Zong Sheng, acting as Grand Marshal, shall serve as bride-price envoy, with Hanlin Academician Fan Bailu, acting as Director of the Imperial Clan Court, as deputy; Minister of Personnel Wang Cun, acting as Grand Marshal, shall serve as auspicious-omens envoy, with Acting Minister of Revenue Liu Fengshi, acting as Director of the Imperial Clan Court, as deputy; Hanlin Academician Liang Tao, acting as Grand Marshal, shall serve as gift-presenting and name-inquiring envoy, with Censor-in-Chief Zheng Yong, acting as Director of the Imperial Clan Court, as deputy.
21
五月甲午，行納采、問名禮。 丁酉，行納吉、納成、告期禮。 戊戌，帝御文德殿發冊及命使奉迎皇后。 己亥，百官表賀於東上閣門，次詣內東門賀太皇太后，又上箋賀皇后，上箋賀皇太妃。 皇后擇日詣景靈宮行廟見禮。
On jiawu of the fifth month, the rites of presenting gifts and inquiring the name were carried out. On dingyou, the rites of presenting auspicious omens, the bride-price, and announcing the date were carried out. On wuxu, the emperor presided at the Wende Hall to issue the patent and appoint envoys to conduct the empress's welcome. On jihai, all officials submitted congratulatory memorials at the Upper East Gateway, then proceeded to the Inner East Gate to congratulate the Grand Empress Dowager. They also submitted congratulatory documents to the empress and to the Grand Imperial Consort. The empress chose a day to proceed to the Jingling Palace and perform the temple-visitation rite.
22
大觀四年，冊貴妃鄭氏為皇后，議禮局重定儀注：臨軒冊使，皇帝御文德殿，服通天冠、絳紗袍，百官朝服，陳黃麾細仗，依古用宮架。 冊使出殿門，依近儀不乘輅。 權以穆清殿為受冊殿。 其日，皇后服禕衣，其奉冊寶授皇后，皆用內侍。 受冊訖，皇后上表謝皇帝，內外命婦立班稱賀，群臣入殿賀皇帝，於內東門上箋賀皇后。 其上禮儀注，乞依進馬條令施行； 其會群臣，及皇后會外命婦儀注，並依《開元》、《開寶禮》。 受冊之殿陳宮架，用女工，升降行止並以樂節，而別定樂名、樂章。
In the fourth year of Daguan, when Imperial Consort Zheng was invested as empress, the Bureau for Deliberation on Ritual redrafted the ceremonial regulations. For the throne-hall patent envoy, the emperor would preside at the Wende Hall in the Tongtian crown and crimson gauze robe; all officials would wear court dress; yellow banners and detailed guards would be arrayed; and, according to antiquity, the palace musical ensemble would be used. The patent envoy left through the hall gate and, per recent practice, did not ride the imperial carriage. The Muqing Hall was temporarily designated as the hall for receiving the patent. On that day, the empress wore ceremonial robes, and presenting the patent and seal and conferring them upon her were all performed by palace attendants. When the patent had been received, the empress submitted a memorial thanking the emperor. Inner and outer appointed women formed ranks to offer congratulations. Officials entered the hall to congratulate the emperor, and at the Inner East Gate submitted congratulatory documents to the empress. Regarding the ceremonial regulations above, it was requested that they be implemented according to the regulations on presenting horses; the regulations for assembling officials and for the empress's reception of outer appointed women both followed the 《Kaiyuan Rites》 and the 《Kaibao Rites》. At the hall where the patent was received, the palace musical ensemble was arrayed with female musicians; ascending, descending, walking, and stopping were all regulated by music, and separate music titles and hymn texts were established.
23
皇后上表乞免受冊排黃麾仗及乘重翟車、陳小駕鹵簿等，而於延福宮受冊。 其朝謁景靈宮，亦止依近例云。
The empress submitted a memorial requesting exemption from receiving the patent with yellow banners and guards, riding the heavy Di carriage, and displaying the lesser imperial guard of honor, asking instead to receive the patent at the Yanfu Palace. Her audience at the Jingling Palace likewise followed only recent precedent.
24
紹興十三年閏四月十七日，冊貴妃吳氏為皇后。 前期，於文德殿內設東西房、東西閣，凡香案、宮架、冊寶幄次、舉麾位、押案位、權置冊寶褥位、受制承制宣制位、奉節位、讚者位、奉冊寶位、舉冊舉寶官位及文武百僚、應行事官、執事官位，皆儀鸞司、太常典儀分設之，以俟臨軒發冊。
On the seventeenth day of the intercalary fourth month in the thirteenth year of Shaoxing, Imperial Consort Wu was invested as empress. In advance, within the Wende Hall's east and west chambers and east and west pavilions, incense tables, palace musical ensembles, patent-and-seal side-chambers, banner-raising positions, document-supervising positions, provisional positions for patent and seal cushions, positions for receiving, proclaiming, and announcing edicts, positions for presenting the staff, positions for the announcer, positions for presenting the patent and seal, positions for officials who lift the patent and seal, and positions for civil and military officials, participating officials, and officiating officials were all separately set up by the Directorate of Ceremonial and the Court of Imperial Sacrifices ritual officers, to await the throne-hall patent issue.
25
其日質明，皇帝服通天冠、絳紗袍出西閣，協律郎舉麾奏《乾安之樂》，皇帝降輦即御坐，樂止，冊使、副以下應在位官皆再拜。 侍中宣制曰：“冊貴妃吳氏為皇后，命公等持節展禮。 ”冊使、副再拜，參知政事以節授冊使，冊使跪受，以授掌節者。 中書令以冊授冊使，侍中以寶授副使，並權置於案，冊使、副以下應在位官皆再拜。 冊使押冊，副使押寶，持節者前導，《正安之樂》作，出文德殿門，樂止，至穆清殿門外幄次，權置以俟。
At dawn on that day, the emperor, wearing the Tongtian crown and crimson gauze robe, emerged from the west pavilion. The pitch-pipe officer raised the banner and the music 《Qi'an》 was played. The emperor descended from the palanquin and took the imperial seat. The music ceased, and the patent envoy, deputy, and all officials who should be in position bowed twice. The palace secretary read the edict: "We invest Imperial Consort Wu as empress and command you to hold the staff of authority and carry out the rites. " The patent envoy and deputy bowed twice. The Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs conferred the staff on the patent envoy, who knelt to receive it and passed it to the bearer of the staff. The Director of the Department of State Affairs conferred the patent on the patent envoy, and the palace secretary conferred the seal on the deputy envoy; both were provisionally placed on the table. The patent envoy, deputy, and all officials who should be in position bowed twice. The patent envoy carried the patent and the deputy envoy carried the seal, with the bearer of the staff leading before. The music 《Zheng'an》 was played as they exited the Wende Hall gate. The music ceased, and at the side-chamber outside the Muqing Hall gate the patent and seal were provisionally placed to wait.
26
皇后首飾、禕衣出閣，協律郎舉麾，《坤安之樂》作，皇后至殿上中間南向立定，樂止。 冊使、副就內給事前東向跪稱：“冊使副姓某奉制授皇后備禮典冊。 ”內給事入詣皇后前，北向奏訖，冊使舉冊授內侍，內侍轉授內謁者監； 副使舉寶授內侍，內侍轉授內謁者監； 掌節者以節授掌節內侍，內侍持節前導，冊寶並案進行入詣殿庭。 冊寶初入門，《宜安之樂》作，至位，樂止。 皇后降自東階，至庭中北向位，初行，《承安之樂》作，至位，樂止。 皇后再拜，舉冊官搢笏跪舉冊，讀冊官搢笏跪宣冊，內謁者監奉冊進授皇后，皇后受以授司言，又奉寶進授皇后，皇后受以授司寶。 司言、司寶置冊寶於案，舉冊寶官並舉案官俱搢笏舉冊寶並案興，詣東階之東，西向位置定。 皇后初受冊寶，《成安之樂》作，受訖，樂止。 皇后再拜，禮畢。
The empress, in full head ornaments and ceremonial robes, emerged from the pavilion. The pitch-pipe officer raised the banner, the music 《Kun'an》 was played, and the empress reached the center of the hall and stood facing south. The music ceased. The patent envoy and deputy approached the inner provision director, knelt facing east, and announced, "The patent envoy and deputy, surnamed [name], by imperial command present the empress with the complete regalia of ceremonial patent and seal. " The inner provision director entered and proceeded before the empress, faced north, and reported. When finished, the patent envoy raised the patent and conferred it on a palace attendant, who passed it to the Director of Inner Attendants; the deputy envoy raised the seal and conferred it on a palace attendant, who passed it to the Director of Inner Attendants; the bearer of the staff conferred the staff on the inner-attendant bearer of the staff, who led before as the patent, seal, and table together advanced into the hall courtyard. As the patent and seal first entered the gate, the music 《Yi'an》 was played; when they reached their positions, the music stopped. The empress descended from the east steps to the north-facing position in the courtyard. As she began to walk, the music 《Cheng'an》 was played; when she reached her position, the music ceased. The empress bowed twice. The official who lifts the patent tucked his tally and knelt to raise the patent; the official who reads the patent tucked his tally and knelt to proclaim it. The Director of Inner Attendants, bearing the patent, advanced and conferred it on the empress, who received it and passed it to the Master of Announcements. Next the seal was borne forward and conferred on the empress, who received it and passed it to the Master of the Seal. The Master of Announcements and Master of the Seal placed the patent and seal on the table. The officials who lift the patent and seal and the officials who lift the table all tucked their tallies, raised the patent, seal, and table together, and stood. They proceeded to the east of the east steps, faced west, and took their positions. When the empress first received the patent and seal, the music 《Cheng'an》 was played; once she had received them, the music ceased. The empress bowed twice, and the rites were complete.
27
九月丁卯，太宗御朝元殿，陳列如元會儀，帝袞冕，設黃麾仗及宮縣之樂於庭，百官就位。 太子常服乘馬，就朝元門外幄次，易遠遊冠、朱明衣，所司讚引三師、三少導從至殿庭位，再拜起居畢，分班立。
On dingmao of the ninth month, Taizong presided at the Chaoyuan Hall. The array followed the New Year's assembly procedure. The emperor wore robe and cap; yellow banners and guards and palace suspended music were set up in the courtyard, and all officials took their positions. The crown prince, in ordinary dress, rode a horse to the side-chamber outside the Chaoyuan Gate and changed into the yuanyou crown and vermilion bright robe. The officiants prompted and led the Three Preceptors and Three Minor Preceptors to escort him to his position in the hall courtyard. After bowing twice and inquiring after his health, they dispersed to stand in ranks.
28
太常博士引攝中書令就西階解劍、履，升殿詣御坐前，俯伏，興，奏宣制，降就劍、履位，由東階至太子位東，南向稱“有制”，太子再拜。 中書侍郎引冊案就太子東，中書令北面跪讀冊畢，太子再拜受冊，以授右庶子； 門下侍郎進寶授中書令，中書令授太子，太子以授左庶子，各置於案。 由黃道出，太子隨案南行，樂奏《正安之曲》，至殿門，樂止，太尉升殿稱賀，侍中宣制，答如儀。
A Court of Imperial Sacrifices academician led the acting Director of the Department of State Affairs to the west steps to remove sword and shoes, ascend the hall, proceed before the imperial seat, prostrate, rise, report and proclaim the edict, then descend to the sword-and-shoes position. By the east steps he reached the east of the crown prince's position, faced south, and announced, "There is an edict." The crown prince bowed twice. The Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs led the patent table to the east of the crown prince. The Director of the Department of State Affairs, facing north, knelt and read the patent. When finished, the crown prince bowed twice and received the patent, passing it to the Right Subprefect; the Vice Director of the Department of the Chancellery advanced with the seal and conferred it on the Director of the Department of State Affairs, who conferred it on the crown prince. The crown prince passed it to the Left Subprefect, and each placed it on the table. They exited by the yellow path, the crown prince following the table southward as the music played the 《Zheng'an》 melody. At the hall gate the music ceased. The Grand Marshal ascended the hall to offer congratulations; the palace secretary proclaimed the edict, and the response followed the prescribed procedure.
29
皇太子易服乘馬還宮，百官賜食於朝堂。 中書、門下、樞密院、師、保而下詣太子參賀，皆序立於宮門之外。 庶子版奏外備，內臣褰簾，太子常服出次坐，中書、門下、文武百官、樞密、師、保、賓客而下再拜，並答拜； 四品以下官參賀，升坐受之。 越三日，具鹵簿，謁太廟，常服乘馬，出東華門升輅，儀仗內行事官乘車者，並服禮衣，餘皆袴褶乘馬導從。
The crown prince changed clothes, mounted a horse, and returned to the palace, and all officials were granted a meal in the court hall. The Department of State Affairs, Department of the Chancellery, Privy Council, Preceptors, Protectors, and those below proceeded to the crown prince to pay their respects, all standing in order outside the palace gate. The Subprefect submitted a memorial reporting outer readiness. Inner attendants raised the curtain, and the crown prince, in ordinary dress, emerged from the side-chamber and took his seat. The Department of State Affairs, Department of the Chancellery, civil and military officials, Privy Council, Preceptors, Protectors, Guests, and those below bowed twice, and he returned the bows; Officials of the fourth rank and below paid their respects, which he received seated. Three days later, with full guard of honor, he visited the Imperial Ancestral Temple. In ordinary dress he mounted a horse, exited the Donghua Gate, and mounted the imperial carriage. Officiating officials within the guard who rode in carriages all wore ceremonial dress; the rest wore trousers and short jackets and rode horses in escort.
30
有司言：“唐禮，宮臣參賀皆舞蹈，開元始罷之。 故事，百官及東宮接見祗呼皇太子，上箋啟稱皇太子殿下，百官稱名，宮官稱臣； 常行用左春坊印，宮中行令。 又按唐制，凡東宮處分論事之書，太子並畫令，左、右庶子以下署名姓，宣奉行書按畫日； 其與親友、師傅，不用此制。 今請如開元之制，宮臣止稱臣，不行舞蹈之禮。 今皇太子兼判開封府，其所上表狀即署太子之位，其當申中書、樞密院狀，祗判官等署，餘斷案及處分公事並畫諾。 ”詔惟改‘諾’為‘準’，餘並從之。 其朝皇后儀，止用宮中常禮。 時真宗以壽王為皇太子，兼判開封，請見僚屬，稱名而免稱臣。
The responsible officials reported: "Under the Tang rites, when palace officials paid their respects they all performed the dance of obeisance; this was abolished beginning in the Kaiyuan period. By precedent, when all officials and the Eastern Palace received audiences they addressed only "Imperial Crown Prince"; in memorials and reports they styled "Imperial Crown Prince Your Highness"; officials of the bureaucracy used their personal names, while palace officials styled themselves "your subject"; for ordinary business the seal of the Left Spring Palace was used, and orders were issued within the palace. Furthermore, according to Tang regulations, for all Eastern Palace documents disposing of affairs and deliberating matters, the crown prince would draw the command, and the Left and Right Subprefects and those below signed with surname; the promulgation and execution document followed the date of the drawing; Communications with relatives, friends, teachers, and tutors did not use this system. We now request that, following the Kaiyuan regulations, palace officials address themselves only as "your subject" and not perform the dance of obeisance. The present crown prince concurrently serves as magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture. The memorials and reports he submits bear the signature of the crown prince's position. For those that must be submitted to the Department of State Affairs and Privy Council, only the reviewing officials sign; all other case judgments and disposition of official business use the drawn approval. " An edict changed only "approve" to "authorized" and approved all the rest. The rite for court audiences with the empress followed only the ordinary palace procedure. At that time, with Prince Shou as crown prince concurrently serving as magistrate of Kaifeng, Zhenzong, when receiving audiences with his subordinates, addressed them by personal name and exempted them from styling themselves "your subject."
31
神宗未及受冊禮而即位，乃以冊寶送天章閣，遂為故事。
Shenzong had not yet received the investiture rites when he ascended the throne, so the patent and seal were sent to the Hall of Heavenly Writings instead, and this became precedent.
32
紹興三十二年五月，詔曰：“朕以不德，躬履艱難三十有六年，憂勞萬機，宵旰靡怠。 屬時多故，未能雍容釋負，退養壽康，今邊鄙粗寧，可遂如誌。 皇子毓德允成，神器有讬，朕心庶幾可立為皇太子，仍改名，所司擇日備禮冊命。 ”未及行禮，六月十一日內禪。
In the fifth month of the thirty-second year of Shaoxing, an edict read: "We, lacking in virtue, have personally borne hardship for thirty-six years, troubled by the myriad affairs of state and never resting from early to late. The times have been troubled, and I have been unable to lay down my burdens with ease and retire in health; now the frontier is roughly at peace, and I may at last fulfill my wish. The prince has cultivated virtue to completion, and the throne has one worthy to receive it; I am minded to establish him as crown prince, change his name as well, and have the responsible offices choose a day and prepare the patent ceremony. " Before the ceremony could be performed, on the eleventh day of the sixth month he abdicated.
33
乾道元年八月十日，制立皇子鄧王愭為皇太子。 十月，詔以知樞密院洪適為禮儀使，撰冊文，簽書樞密院事葉顒書冊，工部侍郎王弗篆寶。
On the tenth day of the eighth month of the first year of Qiandao (1165), the court established Prince Deng, Zhao Qi, as crown prince. In the tenth month, the court appointed Hong Shi, Director of the Privy Council, as master of ceremonies to draft the patent; Ye Yong, Deputy Director of the Privy Council, to write it; and Wang Fu, Vice Minister of Works, to engrave the seal.
34
十六日，皇帝御大慶殿行冊禮，皇太子服遠遊冠、朱明衣，執桓圭。 前期，習儀禮官及有司並先一日入宿衛，展宮架樂，設太子次、冊寶幄次、百官次，又設皇太子受冊位、典寶褥位，應行禮等皆有位，列黃麾半仗於殿門內外。 質明，百官就次，皇太子常服詣幕次，符寶郎陳八寶於御位之左右，有司奉冊寶至幄次，百官朝服入班殿庭。
On the sixteenth day, the emperor presided at the Daqing Hall for the patent ceremony; the crown prince wore the Far-Traveling Cap and Vermilion Brightness Robes and held the Ring Scepter. In advance, ritual officers rehearsing the ceremony and the relevant offices entered the guard quarters a day early; palace music was arranged; pavilions for the crown prince, the patent and seal, and all officials were set up; stations for receiving the patent and displaying the seal were prepared; every participant had an assigned place; and half a guard of yellow banners was posted at the hall gates. At dawn, all officials took their stations; the crown prince in regular dress went to his pavilion; the Director of Seals and Treasures displayed the Eight Treasures beside the imperial seat; the relevant offices brought the patent and seal to the pavilion; and all officials in court dress formed ranks in the hall courtyard.
35
有司自幄次奉冊寶至褥位，參知政事、中書令導從，退各就位，侍中升殿俟宣制，皇太子易服執圭俟於殿門外。 樂正撞黃鍾之鍾，《乾安之樂》作，皇帝即御坐，殿上侍臣起居，樂止。 行禮官讚引皇太子入就殿庭，東宮官從，初入殿門，《明安之樂》作，樂止，皇太子起居，次百官起居，各拜舞如儀。
The relevant offices brought the patent and seal from the pavilion to the cushion, guided by the Vice Director and Director of the Secretariat, who then withdrew to their stations; the Attendant-in-Chief ascended the hall to await the edict; and the crown prince changed dress, took the scepter, and waited outside the hall gate. The chief musician struck the yellow bell, and the "Peace of Qian" was performed; the emperor took his seat; attendants in the hall paid their respects; and the music ceased. Ritual officers announced and led the crown prince into the hall courtyard, followed by Eastern Palace officials; as he entered the hall gate, the "Brightness of Ming" was performed and then ceased; the crown prince paid his respects, then all officials did so, each bowing and dancing according to ritual.
36
皇太子詣受冊位，侍中前承旨，降階宣制曰：“冊鄧王愭為皇太子。 ”皇太子拜舞如儀，侍中升殿復位。 中書令詣讀冊位，捧冊官奉冊至，中書令跪讀畢，興，皇太子再拜，有司奉冊至皇太子位，中書令跪以冊授皇太子，皇太子跪受，以授右庶子，置於案； 次侍中以寶授皇太子，皇太子跪受，以授左庶子，如上儀。 皇太子再拜。 中書舍人押冊、中允押寶以出，次皇太子出，如來儀。 初行樂作，出殿門樂止。 次百官稱賀，樂正撞蕤賓之鍾，《乾安之樂》作，皇帝降坐，樂止，放仗，在位官再拜以出。
The crown prince proceeded to his receiving station; the Attendant-in-Chief advanced to receive the order, descended the steps, and proclaimed: "Invest Prince Deng, Zhao Qi, as crown prince. " The crown prince bowed and danced according to ritual; the Attendant-in-Chief ascended the hall and returned to his station. The Secretariat Director went to the reading station; the patent-bearer brought the patent forward; the Director knelt, read it through, and rose; the crown prince bowed twice; the relevant offices brought the patent to his station; the Director knelt and handed it to the crown prince, who knelt to receive it and passed it to the Right Vice Director of the Crown Prince's Household to set on the table; next the Attendant-in-Chief handed the seal to the crown prince, who knelt to receive it and passed it to the Left Vice Director of the Crown Prince's Household by the same procedure. The crown prince performed a double bow. The Secretariat Drafter escorted the patent out and the Crown Prince's Household Supervisor escorted the seal; then the crown prince departed by the same route he had entered. Music played as they set out; it ceased when they passed through the hall gate. Next all officials offered congratulations; the chief musician struck the rui-bin bell and the "Peace of Qian" was performed; the emperor left his seat; the music ceased; the guard was dismissed; and all present officials bowed twice and departed.
37
禮畢，百官易常服，赴內東門司拜箋賀皇后，次赴德壽宮拜表箋賀，諸路監司、守臣等並奉表稱賀。 明日，車駕詣德壽宮謝。 又明日，上御紫宸殿，引皇太子稱謝，還東宮，百官赴東宮參賀。
When the ceremony was finished, all officials changed into regular dress, went to the Inner Eastern Gate to congratulate the empress, then to the Deshou Palace to congratulate the retired emperor; circuit supervisors, prefects, and other officials all submitted congratulatory memorials. The next day, the emperor went to the Deshou Palace to give thanks. On the following day, the emperor presided at the Zichen Hall, led the crown prince to offer thanks, and sent him back to the Eastern Palace; all officials then went to the Eastern Palace to offer congratulations.
38
皇太子擇日先朝謁景靈宮，次日朝謁太廟、別廟，又擇日詣德壽宮稱謝。 先是，禮官言：“皇太子朝謁景靈宮無所服典故，乞止用常服。 次朝謁太廟、別廟，當袞冕，乘金輅，設仗。 ”從之。 皇太子言：“乘輅、設仗，雖有至道、天禧故事，非臣子所安。 ”詔免。
The crown prince chose a day to first pay court at the Jingling Palace; the next day he paid court at the Grand Ancestral Temple and subsidiary temples; and on another chosen day he went to the Deshou Palace to offer thanks. Earlier, ritual officers reported: "There is no precedent for what the crown prince should wear when paying court at the Jingling Palace; we ask that he wear only regular dress. For paying court at the Grand Ancestral Temple and subsidiary temples, he should wear dark ceremonial robes, ride the golden carriage, and post a guard of honor. " The court accepted this. The crown prince said, "Riding the golden carriage and posting a guard of honor, though there are precedents from the Zhidao and Tianxi reigns, are not what a subject should accept. " The court granted the exemption.
39
冊皇太子妃。 政和五年三月，詔選皇太子妃。 六年六月，詔選少傅、恩平郡王朱伯材女為皇太子妃，令所司備禮冊命。 庚辰，帝服通天冠、絳紗袍，御文德殿發冊。 先是，議禮局上《五禮新儀》：“皇太子納妃，乘金輅親迎。 ”皇太子三奏辭乘輅及臨軒冊命，詔免乘輅，而發冊如禮焉。
The ceremony for investing the crown prince's consort. In the third month of the fifth year of Zhenghe (1115), the court ordered the selection of a crown prince's consort. In the sixth month of the sixth year (1116), the court selected the daughter of Junior Tutor and Prince of Enping, Zhu Bocai, as crown prince's consort and ordered the responsible offices to prepare the patent ceremony. On the day gengchen, the emperor wore the Tongtian Cap and crimson gauze robe and presided at the Wende Hall to issue the patent. Earlier, the Bureau for Discussing Rites submitted the 《New Rites of the Five Categories》: "When the crown prince takes a consort, he should ride the golden carriage to welcome her in person. " The crown prince three times memorialized declining the golden carriage and the audience patent ceremony; the court exempted him from the carriage but issued the patent according to ritual.
40
公主受封，降制有冊命之文，多不行禮，惟以綸告進內。 至嘉祐二年，封福康公主為兗國公主，始備禮冊命。
When a princess was ennobled, the edict often spoke of investiture by patent, but the formal ceremony was usually omitted; only an imperial silk announcement was submitted to the inner palace. Not until the second year of Jiayou (1057), when Princess Fukang was ennobled as Princess of Yan, was the full patent ceremony first performed.
41
前一日，百官班文德殿，內降冊印，宣制，冊案、援衛一如冊皇后儀。 有司先設冊使等幕次於內東門外，命婦次於公主本位門之外，公主受冊印位於本位庭階下北向，冊使位於內東門、副使及內給事於其南差退並東向，設冊印案位於冊使前南向，內給事位於冊使北南向。
On the eve of the ceremony, all officials formed ranks at the Wende Hall; the patent and seal were brought down from within and the edict proclaimed; the patent table and escorts followed the empress investiture ceremony. The relevant offices first set pavilions for the patent envoy outside the Inner Eastern Gate; titled ladies' pavilions outside the princess's residence gate; the princess's receiving station on the steps below her courtyard, facing north; the envoy at the Inner Eastern Gate with the deputy and inner chamberlain to the south, slightly withdrawn, all facing east; the patent-and-seal table before the envoy, facing south; and the inner chamberlain north of the envoy, facing south.
42
自文德殿奉冊印將至內東門，內給事詣本位，請公主服首飾、褕翟。 冊印至內東門外褥位置訖，內臣引內命婦入就位，禮直官引冊使、副等俱就東向位，內給事就南向位。
While the patent and seal were borne from the Wende Hall toward the Inner Eastern Gate, the inner chamberlain went to the princess's quarters and asked her to don her head ornaments and ceremonial robe. When the patent and seal reached the cushion outside the Inner Eastern Gate, inner attendants led inner titled ladies to their stations; ritual officers led the envoy, deputy, and others to their east-facing stations; and the inner chamberlain took his south-facing station.
43
通事舍人、博士引冊使就內給事前東向，躬稱“冊使某、副使某奉制授公主冊印”，退復位，內給事入詣所設受冊印位公主前，言訖退。 內給事進詣冊使前西向，冊使跪以冊印授內給事，內給事跪授內謁者，內謁者及主當內臣等持入內東門，內給事從入詣本位，讚公主降詣庭中北向立，跪取冊，興，立公主右少前西向。 又內給事立公主左少前東向，稱“有制”，讚者曰“拜”，公主再拜，右給事奉冊跪授之，公主受以授左給事，右給事又奉印授公主，如上儀。 讚者曰“拜”，公主再拜畢，引公主升位。 次內臣行內命婦賀畢，遂引公主謝皇帝、皇后，一如內中之儀。 群臣進名賀。 其冊印如貴妃，有匣，文曰“兗國公主之印”。 遂為定制。
Communication chamberlains and academicians led the patent envoy before the inner chamberlain, facing east; he bowed and announced, "Patent Envoy [name] and Deputy Envoy [name], by imperial command, present the princess's patent and seal," then withdrew; the inner chamberlain entered, went before the princess at her receiving station, reported, and withdrew. The inner chamberlain advanced before the envoy, facing west; the envoy knelt and handed the patent and seal to him; he knelt and handed them to the inner chamberlain-supervisor; the supervisor and duty attendants carried them through the Inner Eastern Gate; the inner chamberlain followed to the princess's quarters, announced, and led the princess down to stand facing north in the courtyard; knelt and took the patent; rose; and stood slightly before her right, facing west. Another inner chamberlain stood slightly before her left, facing east, announced, "There is an edict"; the announcer called for a bow; the princess bowed twice; the right chamberlain knelt and presented the patent, which the princess received and handed to the left chamberlain; the right chamberlain then presented the seal in the same way. The announcer called for a bow; when the princess had bowed twice, they led her to her seat. Next inner attendants conducted congratulations from inner titled ladies; then led the princess to thank the emperor and empress according to inner-palace ritual. The officials advanced in rank order to offer their congratulations. Her patent and seal followed the noble consort's model, in a case inscribed "Seal of the Princess of Yan." This then became the established precedent.
44
神宗進封邠國大長公主、魯國公主皆請免冊禮，止進告入內云。
When Emperor Shenzong advanced the titles of the Great Eldest Princess of Bin and the Princess of Lu, both asked to be exempted from the patent ceremony and submitted only an announcement to the inner palace.
45
冊命親王大臣之制，具《開寶通禮》，雖制書有備禮冊命之文，多上表辭免，而未嚐行。 每命親王、宰臣、使相、樞密使、西京留守、節度使，並翰林草制，夜中進入，翼日自內置於箱，黃門二人舁之，立御坐東。 內朝退，乃奉箱出殿門外，宣付閣門，降置於案，俟文德殿立班，閣門使引制案置於庭，宣付中書、門下，宰相跪受，復位，以授通事舍人，赴宣制位唱名訖，奉詣宰相，宰相受之，付所司。
The regulations for investing princes and great ministers by patent are fully set out in the 《Comprehensive Rites of Kaibao》; although edicts often spoke of preparing the patent ceremony, recipients usually memorialized to decline, and it was never actually performed. Whenever princes, chief ministers, commissioners with seals, Privy Council directors, Western Capital custodians, or military commissioners were appointed, the Hanlin Academy drafted the text overnight and submitted it within; the next day it was placed in a box, carried by two yellow-gate attendants, and set east of the imperial seat. When the inner audience ended, they bore the box outside the hall gate, proclaimed it, and handed it to the Gate Department, which set it on a table; when ranks had formed at the Wende Hall, the Gate Commissioner led the edict table into the courtyard, proclaimed it, and handed it to the Secretariat and Chancellery; the chief minister knelt to receive it, returned to his place, and passed it to a communication chamberlain, who went to the proclamation station, called the names, then bore it to the chief minister, who received it and handed it to the relevant office.
46
若立後妃，封親王、公主，即先稱有制，百官再拜，宣制訖，復再拜舞蹈稱賀。 若宰相加恩制書，即宣付通事舍人，引宰相於宣制石東，北向再拜立，聽訖，拜舞復位。 若百官受制，即自班中引出聽麻，文班於宣制石東，武班於西，並如宰相儀，聽訖，出赴朝堂。 其罷相者，即引出赴朝堂金吾仗舍。
When establishing a consort or ennobling a prince or princess, they first announced, "There is an edict"; all officials bowed twice; when the proclamation was finished, they bowed again, danced, and offered congratulations. For an edict conferring additional favor on the chief minister, it was handed to a communication chamberlain, who led the chief minister to the east of the proclamation stone; he stood facing north, bowed twice, listened to the end, bowed and danced, and returned to his station. When all officials received an edict, they were led from their ranks to hear the announcement; civil officials stood east of the proclamation stone and military officials west, all following the chief minister's procedure; when finished, they went to the audience hall. Dismissed chief ministers were led out to the Jinwu guard quarters of the audience hall.
47
諸王、宰相朝謝，前一日，內降官告，從內出東上閣門外宣詞以賜，授節者，仍交旌節。 授者俯伏，執旌節交於頸上者三。 參知政事、宣徽使、樞密使、大兩省、兩制、秘書監、上將軍、觀祭使以上授官告敕牒者，皆拜敕舞蹈，若止授敕或宣頭者止再拜，餘官悉不拜敕、不舞蹈，惟御史大夫、中丞拜授東上閣門使，又引至殿門外中籠門再拜。
When princes and chief ministers paid court to give thanks, on the previous day an appointment patent was brought down from within, carried out through the Upper Eastern Gate, proclaimed, and bestowed; those receiving staffs of authority also received banners and staffs. The recipient bowed prostrate and, holding the banner and staff, crossed them over his neck three times. Vice Directors of the Secretariat, Directors of the Palace Domestic Service, Privy Council directors, senior officials of both secretariats, drafters of both academies, the Director of the Palace Library, senior generals, and commissioners of observation and sacrifice and above who received appointment patents and commission documents all bowed to the edict and danced; those receiving only a commission or oral announcement bowed only twice; all other offices neither bowed to the edict nor danced; only the Censor-in-Chief and Vice Censor-in-Chief bowed to receive from the Upper Eastern Gate Commissioner, who also led them to the central cage gate outside the hall to bow twice again.
48
親王、節度、使相官告，並載以彩輿迎歸第。 親王輿中，設銀師子香合，輦官十二人，並襆頭、緋繡寬衣； 旌節各二，馬四，暴槊官十六人，執旌節攏馬對引，由乾元門西偏門出至門外； 馬技騎士五十人，槍牌步兵六十人，教坊樂工六十五人，及百戲、蹴鞠、鬥雞、角抵次第迎引，左右軍巡使具軍容前導至本宮。 使相輿中用銀香爐，輦官十二人，金鵝帽、錦絡縫紫絁寬衣； 旌節各一，馬二，暴槊官八人，馬技騎士二十人，槍牌步兵二十四人，軍巡使不前導，餘如親王制。 有故則罷。
Appointment patents for princes, military commissioners, and commissioners with seals were all carried on colored carriages in procession back to their residences. The prince's carriage held a silver lion incense box; twelve carriage attendants wore kerchiefs and crimson embroidered wide robes; two banners and staffs, four horses, and sixteen pike-bearing guards holding banners and staffs and leading the horses in facing pairs, exiting through the western side gate of the Qianyuan Gate; fifty mounted trick-riders, sixty infantry with spears and shields, sixty-five Music Bureau musicians, and acrobats, cuju players, cockfighters, and wrestlers in succession to welcome and lead; left and right military patrol commissioners with full military display escorting them to the prince's residence. The commissioner-with-seal's carriage held a silver incense burner; twelve attendants wore golden-goose caps and brocade-stitched purple silk wide robes; one banner and staff, two horses, eight pike-bearing guards, twenty mounted trick-riders, and twenty-four infantry with spears and shields; military patrol commissioners did not go before as guides; otherwise the procession followed the prince's regulations. The procession was canceled in the event of bereavement.
49
凡諫、舍、刺史以上在外任加恩者，悉令其親屬乘傳齎詔，就以告牒賜之。
Whenever remonstrance officials, drafters, prefects, and above received additional favor while serving outside the capital, their relatives were sent by relay post bearing the edict to bestow the appointment notice on them.
50
政和禮局上冊命親王、大臣儀，迄不果行。
During the Zhenghe period the Rites Bureau submitted a ceremony for investing princes and great ministers by patent, but it was never carried out.