1
秦國大長公主，太祖同母妹也。 初適米福德，福德卒。 太祖即位，，封燕國長公主，再適忠武軍節度使高懷德，賜第興寧坊。 十月薨，太祖臨哭，廢朝五日，賜諡恭懿。 真宗追封大長公主。， 改秦國。， 改封恭懿大長帝姬。
The Grand Princess of the State of Qin was Emperor Taizu's younger uterine sister. She was first married to Mi Fude, who died. When Taizu took the throne, she was made Princess of Yan, then remarried to Gao Huaide, military commissioner of the Zhongwu army, and given a mansion in Xingning Ward. She died in the tenth month. Taizu mourned at her residence in person, suspended court for five days, and gave her the posthumous epithet Gongyi. Emperor Zhenzong posthumously raised her to Grand Princess. Her fief was redesignated as the State of Qin. She was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Gongyi.
2
有姊一人，未笄而夭。 建隆三年，追封陳國長公主。 元符改封荊國大長公主。 政和改封恭獻大長帝姬。
She had one older sister, who died before she reached marriageable age. In 962, she was posthumously made Princess of the State of Chen. During the Yuanfu era, she was redesignated Grand Princess of the State of Jing. Under Emperor Huizong's Zhenghe reign, she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Gongxian.
3
太祖六女
The Six Daughters of Emperor Taizu
4
太祖六女。 申國、成國、永國三公主，皆早亡。
The Six Daughters of Emperor Taizu The princesses of Shen, Cheng, and Yong all died in childhood.
5
魏國大長公主，，封昭慶公主，下嫁左衛將軍王承衍，賜第景龍門外。 太宗即位，進封鄭國。， 改封秦國。 真宗，進長公主。 薨，賜諡賢肅。 元符改封魏國大長公主。 政和改賢肅大長帝姬。 魯國大長公主，，封延慶公主，下嫁左衛將軍石保吉。 太宗即位，進封許國。 淳化元年，改晉國。 真宗初，進長公主。， 進大長公主。 薨，賜諡賢靖。 元符改封魯國。 政和改賢靖大長帝姬。 陳國大長公主，開寶五年，封永慶公主，下嫁右衛將軍魏咸信。 太宗即位，進封虢國。 淳化元年，改齊國。 真宗初，進許國長公主。 薨，諡貞惠，後改恭惠。， 追封大長公主。 元符改封陳國。 政和改賢惠大長帝姬。
The Grand Princess of Wei was made Princess Zhaoqing, married Wang Chengyan, a general of the Left Guard, and given a mansion outside Jinglong Gate. When Emperor Taizong took the throne, she was promoted to Princess of Zheng. Her fief was redesignated as the State of Qin. Under Emperor Zhenzong she was raised to Grand Princess. After her death she received the posthumous epithet Xiansu. During the Yuanfu era she was redesignated Grand Princess of Wei. Under the Zhenghe reign she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Xiansu. The Grand Princess of Lu was made Princess Yanqing and married Shi Baoji, a general of the Left Guard. When Emperor Taizong took the throne, she was promoted to Princess of Xu. In 990 her fief was redesignated as the State of Jin. Early in Emperor Zhenzong's reign she was raised to Grand Princess. Her rank was further raised to Grand Princess. After her death she received the posthumous epithet Xianjing. During the Yuanfu era she was redesignated Princess of Lu. Under the Zhenghe reign she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Xianjing. The Grand Princess of Chen, in 972, was made Princess Yongqing and married Wei Xianxin, a general of the Right Guard. When Emperor Taizong took the throne, she was promoted to Princess of Guo. In 990 her fief was redesignated as the State of Qi. Early in Emperor Zhenzong's reign she was raised to Princess of Xu. She died and was given the epithet Zhenhui, later changed to Gonghui. She was posthumously made Grand Princess. During the Yuanfu era she was redesignated Princess of Chen. Under the Zhenghe reign she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Xianhui.
6
太宗七女
The Seven Daughters of Emperor Taizong
7
太宗七女。 長滕國公主，早亡。
The Seven Daughters of Emperor Taizong The eldest, Princess of Teng, also died young.
8
徐國大長公主，，封蔡國，下嫁左衛將軍吳元扆。 淳化元年，改魏國。 薨，諡英惠。， 追封燕國長公主。 景祐三年，進大長公主。 元符改徐國。 政和改英惠大長帝姬。 邠國大長公主，太平興國七年為尼，號員明大師。 八年卒。 至道三年，追封曹國長公主。 景祐三年，進大長公主。 元符改邠國。
The Grand Princess of Xu was made Princess of Cai and married Wu Yuanyi, a general of the Left Guard. In 990 her fief was redesignated as the State of Wei. After her death she received the posthumous epithet Yinghui. She was posthumously made Princess of Yan. In 1036 her rank was raised to Grand Princess. During the Yuanfu era her fief was redesignated as the State of Xu. Under the Zhenghe reign she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Yinghui. The Grand Princess of Bin took Buddhist orders in 982, the seventh year of Taiping Xingguo, and adopted the religious name Master Yuanming. She died the following year. In 997 she was posthumously made Princess of the State of Cao. In 1036 her rank was raised to Grand Princess. During the Yuanfu era her fief was redesignated as the State of Bin.
9
揚國大長公主，至道三年，封宣慈長公主。， 進魯國，下嫁左衛將軍柴宗慶，賜第普寧坊。 宗慶，禹錫之孫，帝命主以婦禮謁禹錫第。 曆徙韓、魏、徐、福四國。 仁宗立，進鄧國大長公主。 薨，追封晉國，諡愍靖。 元符封揚國。 政和改和靖大長帝姬。 主性妒，宗慶無子，以兄子為後。 雍國大長公主，至道三年，封賢懿長公主。， 下嫁右衛將軍王貽永，進封鄭國，賜第。 薨，諡懿順。 景祐三年，追封大長公主。， 改韓國。 徽宗改封雍國。 政和改懿順大長帝姬。 衛國大長公主，至道三年，封壽昌長公主。 大中祥符二年，進封陳國，改吳國，號報慈正覺大師。 改楚國，又改邠國。， 改建國。， 封申國大長公主。 薨，賜諡慈明。 徽宗改衛國。 政和改慈明大長帝姬。 荊國大長公主，幼不好弄，未嘗出房闥。 太宗嘗發寶藏，令諸女擇取之，欲以觀其志，主獨無所取。 真宗即位，封萬壽長公主，改隨國，下嫁駙馬都尉李遵勖。 舊制選尚者降其父為兄弟行，時遵勖父繼昌亡恙，主因繼昌生日以舅禮謁之。 帝聞，密以兼衣、寶帶、器模式幣助其為壽。 遵勖賓客皆一時賢士，每燕集，主必親視饔饎。 嘗有盜入主第，帝命有司訊捕。 主請出所逮系人，以私錢募告者，果得真盜，法當死，復請貰之。 曆封越、宿、鄂、冀四國。， 進魏國。
The Grand Princess of Yang, in 997, was made Princess Xuanci. She was promoted to Princess of Lu, married Chai Zongqing, a general of the Left Guard, and given a mansion in Puning Ward. Zongqing was a grandson of Yu Xi; the emperor directed the princess to call on Yu Xi's household observing daughter-in-law propriety. Her fief was successively redesignated as Han, Wei, Xu, and Fu. When Emperor Renzong took the throne, she was raised to Grand Princess of Deng. After her death she was posthumously made Princess of Jin, with the posthumous epithet Minjing. During the Yuanfu era she was made Princess of Yang. Under the Zhenghe reign she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Hejing. The princess was jealous by nature. Zongqing had no sons, so they adopted his elder brother's son as heir. The Grand Princess of Yong, in 997, was made Princess Xianyi. She married Wang Yiyong, a general of the Right Guard, was promoted to Princess of Zheng, and received a mansion. After her death she received the posthumous epithet Yishun. In 1036 she was posthumously made Grand Princess. Her fief was redesignated as the State of Han. Emperor Huizong redesignated her Grand Princess of Yong. Under the Zhenghe reign she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Yishun. The Grand Princess of Wei, in 997, was made Princess Shouchang. In 1009 she was promoted to Princess of Chen, redesignated Princess of Wu, and given the religious name Master Baoci Zhengjue. Her fief was redesignated as Chu, then as Bin. Her fief was redesignated as the State of Jian. She was made Grand Princess of Shen. After her death she received the posthumous epithet Ciming. Emperor Huizong redesignated her Princess of Wei. Under the Zhenghe reign she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Ciming. The Grand Princess of Jing disliked childish amusements from youth and never left the women's apartments. Taizong once opened the imperial treasure vaults and let his daughters choose what they wished, to test their character; the princess alone took nothing. When Emperor Zhenzong took the throne, she was made Princess Wanshou, then Princess of Sui, and married Li Zunxu, imperial son-in-law. By old custom a chosen consort's father-in-law was treated as a brother in rank; since Li Zunxu's father Jichang was still alive, the princess visited him on his birthday with the courtesy due a maternal uncle. On hearing of this, the emperor secretly sent layered robes, jeweled belts, vessels, silks, and cash to help honor the occasion. Zunxu's guests were all men of talent; at every feast the princess personally supervised the kitchen. Once a thief broke into her mansion; the emperor ordered officials to investigate and apprehend him. She asked that the detainees be released, posted a private reward for information, and thereby caught the real thief; though he deserved death by law, she again petitioned to redeem his life. Her fiefs were successively Yue, Su, E, and Ji. She was promoted to Princess of Wei.
10
初，遵勖出守許州，暴得疾，主亟欲馳視之，左右白：須奏得報乃可行，主不待報而往，從者裁五六人。 帝聞，遽命內侍督諸縣邏兵以衛主車。 其後居夫喪，衰麻未嘗去身，服除，不復禦華麗。 嘗燕禁中，帝親為簪花，辭曰：「自誓不復為此久矣。」 嘗因浴僕地，傷右肱，帝遣內侍責侍者，主曰：「早衰力弱，不任步趨，非左右之過。」 由是悉得免。
Once, when Li Zunxu was posted to Xuzhou and fell suddenly ill, the princess was desperate to rush to his side. Her attendants said she must petition the throne and await approval before leaving; she set out without waiting, accompanied by only five or six people. On hearing of this, the emperor at once dispatched palace eunuchs to mobilize county patrol forces along her route to escort her carriage. After his death she observed mourning so strictly that she never put off her hemp garments; when the mourning period ended, she refused ever to dress in finery again. At a palace banquet the emperor himself tried to pin flowers in her hair; she refused, saying, "I swore long ago that I would never do this again." On another occasion she slipped while bathing a servant's quarters and hurt her right arm. The emperor sent a eunuch to punish her attendants, but she said, "My strength has failed early; I can scarcely walk—this is no fault of those around me." They were all spared punishment.
11
主善筆劄，喜圖史，能為歌詩，尤善女工之事。 嘗誡諸子以「忠義自守，無恃吾以速悔尤」，視他子與己出均。 及病目，帝挾醫診視，自后妃以下皆至第候問。 帝親舐其目，左右皆感泣，帝亦悲慟曰：「先帝伯仲之籍十有四人，今獨存大主，奈何嬰斯疾！」 復顧問子孫所欲，主曰：「豈可以母病邀賞邪？」 齎白金三千兩，辭不受。 帝因謂從臣曰：「大主之疾，倘可移於朕，亦所不避也。」 主雖喪明，平居隱幾，沖淡自若。 誡諸子曰：「汝父遺令：柩中無藏金玉，時衣數襲而已。 吾歿後當亦如是。」
She was accomplished at correspondence, loved histories and annals, wrote verse, and excelled at needlework and other domestic arts. She once warned her sons, "Keep to loyalty and righteousness; do not count on my favor to escape the consequences of your faults," and treated her stepsons no differently from her own children. When her eyes failed, the emperor himself escorted physicians to her mansion; from the empress and consorts down, the entire inner court came to inquire after her health. The emperor licked her afflicted eyes himself; everyone present wept, and he lamented, "Of the fourteen brothers and sisters recorded in my father's line, only the Grand Princess survives—how can she be stricken with this disease!" He then asked what favors her sons and grandsons might want; she replied, "How could one use a mother's illness to seek rewards?" They offered three thousand taels of silver, but she refused to accept them. The emperor then told his attendants, "If the Grand Princess's illness could be shifted onto me, I would not hesitate to take it." Though blind, in daily life she sat quietly at her couch, serene and untroubled. She warned her sons, "Your father left instructions: let the coffin hold no gold or jade—only a few sets of everyday clothes. When I am gone, do the same for me."
12
皇祐三年薨，年六十四。 帝臨奠，輟視朝五日。 追封齊國大長公主，諡獻穆。 徽宗改封荊國。 政和改獻穆大長帝姬。
She died in 1051 at the age of sixty-four. The emperor mourned at her residence in person and suspended court for five days. She was posthumously made Grand Princess of Qi with the epithet Xianmu. Emperor Huizong redesignated her Princess of Jing. Under the Zhenghe reign she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Xianmu.
13
真宗二女
The Two Daughters of Emperor Zhenzong
14
真宗二女。 長惠國公主，早亡。
The Two Daughters of Emperor Zhenzong The eldest, Princess of Hui, died young.
15
升國大長公主，初入道。 明道二年，封衛國長公主，號清虛靈照大師。 慶曆七年，追封魯國，諡昭懷。 徽宗改封升國大長公主。 政和改昭大長帝姬。
The Grand Princess of Sheng first took Buddhist orders. In 1033 she was made Princess of Wei and given the religious name Master Qingxu Lingzhao. In 1047 she was posthumously made Princess of Lu, with the posthumous epithet Zhaohuai. Emperor Huizong redesignated her Grand Princess of Sheng. Under the Zhenghe reign she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Zhao.
16
仁宗十三女
The Thirteen Daughters of Emperor Renzong
17
仁宗十三女。 徐國、鄧國、鎮國、楚國、商國、魯國、唐國、陳國、豫國九公主，皆早亡。
The Thirteen Daughters of Emperor Renzong The princesses of Xu, Deng, Zhen, Chu, Shang, Lu, Tang, Chen, and Yu—all nine—died in childhood.
18
周、陳國大長公主，帝長女也。 寶元二年，封福康。 嘉祐二年，進封袞國。 主幼警慧，性純孝。 帝嘗不豫，主侍左右，徒跣籲天，乞以身代。 帝隆愛之。
The Grand Princess of Zhou and Chen was the emperor's eldest daughter. In 1039 she received the title Fukang. In 1057 she was promoted to Princess of the State of Yan. From childhood she was exceptionally bright and devoted in her filial piety. When the emperor fell ill, she kept constant vigil at his side, went barefoot, and prayed to Heaven to accept her life in place of his. The emperor doted on her.
19
帝念章懿太后不及享天下養，故擇其兄子李瑋使尚主。 瑋樸陋，與主積不相能。 主中夜扣皇城門入訴，瑋皇懼自劾。 諫官王陶論宮門夜開，乞繩治護衛，御史又共論主第內臣多不謹，帝為黜都監梁懷一輩十餘人。 後數年不復協，詔出瑋於外，主降封沂，屏居內廷。 久之，復召瑋，使為附馬都尉如初。 英宗立，進越國長公主。 神宗治平四年，進楚國大長公主。 薨，年三十三。 以瑋奉主無狀，貶陳州。 輔臣議諡，帝以主事仁祖孝，命曰莊孝，追封秦國。 徽宗加周、陳國。 政和改封莊孝明懿大長帝姬。
Because Empress Dowager Zhangyi had died before enjoying the honors of the throne, the emperor chose her nephew Li Wei as the princess's consort. Li Wei was coarse and unrefined, and the couple grew increasingly incompatible. She knocked on the imperial city gate in the middle of the night to plead her case at court; Li Wei, terrified, submitted a confession of his own faults. Remonstrance official Wang Tao protested the opening of the palace gate at night and called for the guards to be punished; censors jointly criticized the lax conduct of eunuchs in the princess's household, and the emperor dismissed more than a dozen of them, including chief superintendent Liang Huaiyi. After several more years of discord, an edict banished Li Wei from court, demoted her to Princess of Yi, and confined her within the inner palace. After a long interval Li Wei was recalled and restored to his post as imperial son-in-law. When Emperor Yingzong took the throne, she was promoted to Princess of Yue. In 1067, under Emperor Shenzong, she was raised to Grand Princess of Chu. She died at the age of thirty-three. Because Li Wei's conduct toward the princess was unseemly, he was banished to Chenzhou. When ministers debated her posthumous name, the emperor held that she had served Emperor Renzong with filial devotion and ordered the epithet Zhuangxiao, posthumously making her Princess of Qin. Emperor Huizong added the states of Zhou and Chen to her title. Under the Zhenghe reign she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Zhuangxiao Mingyi.
20
秦、魯國賢穆明懿大長公主，仁宗皇帝第十女也。 母曰周貴妃。 嘉祐五年，封慶壽，進惠國。 治平四年，進許國大長公主。 下嫁吳越忠懿王之曾孫、右領軍衛大將軍錢景臻。 改韓、周燕國。 徽宗朝，進秦、魏兩國。 政和三年，更封令德景行大長帝姬。
The Grand Princess of Qin and Lu, posthumously honored as Xianmu Mingyi, was Emperor Renzong's tenth daughter. Her mother was Honored Consort Zhou. In 1060 she received the title Qingshou and was promoted to Princess of Hui. In 1067 she was raised to Grand Princess of Xu. She married Qian Jingzhen, great-grandson of the Wuyue king Zhongyi and a general of the Right Army Guard. Her fiefs were successively redesignated as Han, Zhou, and Yan. During Huizong's reign she was elevated to the dual titles of Qin and Wei. In 1113 she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Lingde Jingxing.
21
靖康二年，諸帝姬北徙，姬以先朝女，金人不知，留於汴。 建炎初，復公主號，改封秦魯國。 避地南渡，賊張遇掠其家，中子愕被害。 公主至揚州朝謁，復避地之閩。
In 1127, when the Jurchens marched the imperial princesses north, she alone remained in Bianjing, for as a daughter of an earlier reign they did not recognize her among the court. Early in the Jianyan era her princess title was restored and she was made Princess of Qin and Lu. During the flight south, the rebel Zhang Yu raided her household and killed her second son, E. She traveled to Yangzhou to pay her respects at court, then fled again to Fujian.
22
紹興三年，自閩至會稽，請入見，因留居焉。 後徙台州。 上以公主行尊年高，甚敬之，每入內，見必先揖。 靖康中，戚裏例納節，至是，公主為其子忱請還舊官，上以忱為滬川節度使，仍詔戚裏不得援例。 久之，又為忱請優賜推恩，上重違之，加忱開府儀同三司。 時主有三子，愐、愷非己所出，故獨厚於忱。 上戒之曰：「長主壽考如此，乃仁宗皇帝四十二年深仁厚澤，是以鐘慶於長主。 長主待遇諸子，宜法仁宗用心之均一。」 主感服。
In 1133 she came from Fujian to Kuaiji, asked for an audience with the emperor, and was invited to remain there. She later moved to Taizhou. The emperor held her in deep respect for her age and dignity; whenever she came to court he bowed to her before she could bow to him. During the Jingkang crisis, imperial in-laws had been required to surrender their military commissions; she now petitioned to restore her son Chen's former post, and the emperor appointed him military commissioner of Huchuan while decreeing that no other in-law might cite this as precedent. Later she again pressed for special favors for Chen; reluctant to refuse her, the emperor made him Grand Preceptor of the Palace with the Insignia of the Three Excellencies. She had three sons at the time; Mian and Kai were her stepsons, so she showed special favor only to Chen. The emperor cautioned her, "Your long life is the fruit of Emperor Renzong's forty-two years of benevolent rule—his grace has gathered upon you alone. In how you treat your sons, you should follow Renzong's example of impartial devotion." She was deeply moved and accepted his counsel.
23
薨，年八十六。 上輟朝五日，幸其第臨奠，詔子孫皆進官一等。 諡曰賢穆。 二十九年，加諡明懿。
She died at the age of eighty-six. The emperor suspended court for five days, visited her residence to mourn in person, and ordered that all her descendants be promoted one rank. She was given the posthumous epithet Xianmu. Twenty-nine years later, Mingyi was added to her posthumous title.
24
袞國大長公主，帝第十一女也。 嘉祐六年，封永壽。 進榮國長公主。 治平四年，進邠國大長公主。 熙甯九年，改魯國。 下嫁左領軍衛大將軍曹詩。 主性儉節，于池台苑囿一無所增飭。 十年夏，旱，曹族以主生日將盛具為壽，主曰：「上方損膳徹樂，吾何心能安。」 悉屏之。
The Grand Princess of Yan was the emperor's eleventh daughter. In 1061 she received the title Yongshou. She was promoted to Princess of Rong. In 1067 she was raised to Grand Princess of Bin. In 1076 her fief was redesignated as the State of Lu. She married Cao Shi, a general of the Left Army Guard. She was frugal by nature and never enlarged her pools, terraces, or gardens. In the summer of her tenth year, during a drought, the Cao clan prepared a lavish birthday feast; she said, "The court is cutting back meals and suspending music—how could I enjoy such a celebration?" She had everything sent away.
25
元豐六年薨，年二十四，追封荊國，諡賢懿。 遷其二子曄、旼皆領團練使。 徽宗追封袞國，又改賢懿恭穆大長帝姬。
She died in 1083 at twenty-four; posthumously she was made Princess of Jing with the epithet Xianyi. Her two sons Ye and Min were both promoted to regimental training commissioners. Huizong posthumously made her Princess of Yan and later retitled her Grand Imperial Princess Xianyi Gongmu.
26
燕、舒國大長公主，帝第十二女也。 嘉祐六年，封寶壽。 八年，進順國長公主。 治平四年，進冀國大長公主。， 改魏國，下嫁開州團練使郭獻卿。 上，進楚國。 徽宗改吳國，進吳、越國，改秦、袞國。 薨，追封燕、舒國，諡懿穆，復改懿穆大長帝姬。
The Grand Princess of Yan and Shu was the emperor's twelfth daughter. In 1061 she received the title Baoshou. In the eighth year she was promoted to Princess of Shun. In 1067 she was raised to Grand Princess of Ji. She was redesignated Princess of Wei and married Guo Xianqing, regimentation commissioner of Kaizhou. She was promoted to Princess of Chu. Emperor Huizong redesignated her Princess of Wu, then elevated her to Wu and Yue, and later to Qin and Gun. After her death she was posthumously made Princess of Yan and Shu, with the epithet Yimu, and later retitled Grand Imperial Princess Yimu.
27
英宗四女
The Four Daughters of Emperor Yingzong
28
英宗四女。 舒國公主，早亡。
The Four Daughters of Emperor Yingzong Princess of Shu died young.
29
魏、楚國大長公主，帝長女。， 封德寧。， 進封徐國，下嫁左衛將軍王師約。 四年，進陳國長公主。 薨，追封燕國大長公主，諡惠和。， 追封秦國。 徽宗追封魏國，加韓、魏國，又改惠和大長帝姬。
The Grand Princess of Wei and Chu was the emperor's eldest daughter. She received the title Denning. She was promoted to Princess of Xu and married Wang Shiyue, a general of the Left Guard. In the fourth year she was raised to Princess of Chen. After her death she was posthumously made Grand Princess of Yan with the epithet Huihe. She was posthumously made Princess of Qin. Emperor Huizong posthumously made her Princess of Wei, added the dual title of Han and Wei, and retitled her Grand Imperial Princess Huihe.
30
魏國大長公主，帝第二女，母曰宣仁聖烈皇后。 嘉祐八年，封寶安公主。 神宗立，進舒國長公主，改蜀國，下嫁左衛將軍王詵。 詵母盧寡居，主處之近舍，日致膳羞。 盧病，自和湯劑以進。 帝厚于姊妹，故主第池籞服玩極其華縟。 主以不得日侍宣仁于寶慈宮，居常悒然。 間遇旱暵，帝降損以禱，主亦如之，曰：「我奉賜皆出公上，固應同其傈戚。」 帝居慈聖光獻皇后喪，毀甚，主曰：「吾與上同體，視此亦復保聊！」 立散遣歌舞三十輩。，
The Grand Princess of Wei was the emperor's second daughter; her mother was Empress Xuanren Shengli. In 1063 she was made Princess of Bao'an. When Shenzong took the throne, she was promoted to Princess of Shu, redesignated Princess of Shu, and married Wang Shen, a general of the Left Guard. Wang Shen's mother, Lady Lu, lived alone as a widow; the princess housed her nearby and sent meals every day. When Lady Lu fell ill, she personally prepared medicines for her. The emperor lavished affection on his sisters, and her mansion, gardens, and furnishings were accordingly sumptuous. Unable to visit Empress Xuanren daily at Baoci Palace, she was often despondent. During droughts, when the emperor cut back his meals to pray for rain, she did the same, saying, "Everything I receive comes from the state—I ought to share his distress." During mourning for Empress Cisheng Guangxian, when the emperor was utterly prostrate with grief, she said, "We are of one flesh—how can I alone find comfort in music!" She at once dismissed thirty companies of singers and dancers.
31
病篤。 主性不妒忌，王詵以是自恣，嘗貶官。 至是，帝命還詵官，以慰主意。 太后臨問，已不省，后慟哭，久稍能言，自訴必不起，相持而泣。 帝繼至，自為診脈，親持粥食之，主強為帝盡食。 賜金帛六千，且問所須，但謝復詵官而已。 明日薨，年三十。 帝未上食即駕往，望第門而哭，輟朝五日。 追封越國，諡賢慧。 後進封大長公主，累改秦、荊、魏三國。
She fell gravely ill. The princess was not jealous by nature; Wang Shen took advantage of this and was once demoted. At this point the emperor ordered Wang Shen's office restored to comfort her. The empress dowager came to see her, but she was already unconscious. The empress wept bitterly; after a long while she could speak a little, said she would not recover, and they embraced and wept. The emperor then arrived, felt her pulse himself, and fed her porridge with his own hands; she forced herself to eat it all for his sake. He gave her six thousand in gold and silks and asked what she wished for, but she thanked him only for restoring Wang Shen's office. She died the next day at the age of thirty. Before breakfast the emperor drove there at once, wept on seeing her gate, and suspended court for five days. She was posthumously made Princess of Yue with the epithet Xianhui. Later she was raised to Grand Princess and successively redesignated Qin, Jing, and Wei.
32
主好讀古文，喜筆劄，賙恤族黨，中外稱賢。 詵不矜細行，至與妾奸主旁，妾數抵戾主。 薨後，乳母訴之，帝命窮治，杖八妝以配兵。 既葬，謫詵均州。 子彥弼，生三歲卒。
She loved classical prose, enjoyed correspondence, supported her kin generously, and was praised as virtuous throughout the court and beyond. Wang Shen was careless in small matters; he even lay with a concubine in the princess's presence, and the woman repeatedly insulted her. After her death, her wet nurse reported the affair; the emperor ordered a full inquiry and had eight maids flogged and married off to soldiers. After her burial, Wang Shen was exiled to Junzhou. Her son Yanbi died at the age of three.
33
韓、魏國大長公主，帝第三女，與魏國同生。 始封壽康公主，改祁國、衛國，下嫁張敦禮。 進冀國大長公主，改秦、越、楚國，加今封。 政和三年，改賢德懿行大長帝姬。 薨。
The Grand Princess of Han and Wei was the emperor's third daughter, a twin of the Princess of Wei. She was first made Princess Shoukang, redesignated Princess of Qi and Wei, and married Zhang Dunli. She was raised to Grand Princess of Ji, successively made Princess of Qin, Yue, and Chu, and given her present dual title. In 1113 she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Xiande Yixing. She died.
34
神宗十女
The Ten Daughters of Emperor Shenzong
35
楚國、鄆國、潞國、刑國、邠國、袞國六公主，皆早薨。
The six princesses of Chu, Yun, Lu, Xing, Bin, and Gun all died young.
36
周國長公主，帝長女也。 母曰欽聖憲肅皇后。 封延禧公主。 生而警悟，自羈丱習嗜宛如成人。 年十二卒，帝后皆變服哀送。 追贈燕國。 元符末，改封周國。
Princess of Zhou was the emperor's eldest daughter. Her mother was Empress Qinsheng Xiansu. She was made Princess Yanxi. She was precocious from birth; even as a small child her tastes and habits were those of an adult. She died at twelve; the emperor and empress both donned mourning dress and escorted her bier in grief. She was posthumously made Princess of Yan. Late in the Yuanfu era she was redesignated Princess of Zhou.
37
唐國長公主，帝第三女也。 始封淑壽公主。 初，帝念韓琦功德，欲與為婚姻，故哲宗緣先帝，以主降琦之子嘉彥。 曆封溫、曹、冀、雍、越、燕六國。 薨，追封唐國長公主。 潭國賢孝長公主，帝第四女也。 母曰宋貴妃。 始封康國。， 下嫁王遇。 曆韓、魯、陳、鄆四國。 薨，追加封諡。
Princess of Tang was the emperor's third daughter. She was first made Princess Shushou. The emperor, remembering Han Qi's service, wished to ally with him by marriage; Zhezong therefore followed his predecessor and had the princess marry Qi's son Jiayan. Her fiefs were successively Wen, Cao, Ji, Yong, Yue, and Yan. After her death she was posthumously made Princess of Tang. The Grand Princess of Tan, posthumously Xianxiao, was the emperor's fourth daughter. Her mother was Honored Consort Song. She was first made Princess of Kang. She married Wang Yu. Her fiefs were successively Han, Lu, Chen, and Yun. After her death she received additional enfeoffment and a posthumous epithet.
38
徐國長公主，帝幼女也。 母曰欽成皇后。 始封慶國，進益、冀、蜀、徐四國。 年及笄，猶處聖瑞宮。 侍母疾，晝夜不暫去，藥餌非經手弗以進。 迨疾革，號慟屢絕，左右不忍視。
Princess of Xu was the emperor's youngest daughter. Her mother was Empress Qincheng. She was first made Princess of Qing, then successively elevated through Yi, Ji, Shu, and Xu. Even after coming of age she continued to live in Shengrui Palace. While nursing her mother she never left her side day or night, and would allow no medicine or food to be given unless she had prepared it herself. When her mother grew critically ill, she wailed until she fainted again and again; her attendants could scarcely bear to watch.
39
崇寧三年，下嫁鄭王潘美之曾孫意。 事姑修婦道。 潘故大族，夫黨數千百人，賓接皆盡禮，無裏外言。 志向沖淡，服玩不為紛華，歲時簡嬉遊，十年間惟一適西池而已。 再生子，不成而死，滕妾得女，拊視如己出。 政和三年，改稱柔惠帝姬。 五年薨，年三十一，追封賢靜長帝姬。
In 1104 she married Yi, great-grandson of Prince Zheng Pan Mei. She served her mother-in-law devotedly and observed every propriety of a daughter-in-law. The Pan were an eminent clan with hundreds of in-laws; she received every guest with perfect courtesy and never gossiped about household affairs. She lived simply, shunning lavish dress and ornaments, kept festivities restrained, and in ten years visited the Western Pond only once. She bore another son who did not live; when a concubine bore a daughter, she reared the child as her own. In 1113 she was retitled Imperial Princess Rouhui. She died in 1115 at thirty-one and was posthumously made Grand Imperial Princess Xianjing.
40
哲宗四女
The Four Daughters of Emperor Zhezong
41
哲宗四女。 鄧國、揚國二公主，早亡。
The Four Daughters of Emperor Zhezong The princesses of Deng and Yang both died in childhood.
42
陳國公主，始封德康公主，進瀛國、榮國。， 下嫁石端禮，徙陳國。 改淑和帝姬。 薨。
Princess of Chen was first made Princess Dekang, then promoted to Ying and Rong. She married Shi Duanli and was redesignated Princess of Chen. She was retitled Imperial Princess Shuhe. She died.
43
秦國康懿長公主，帝第三女也。 始封康懿，進嘉國、慶國。 政和二年，改韓國公主，出降潘正夫。 改淑慎帝姬。 靖康末，與賢德懿行大長公主俱以先朝女留於汴。 建炎初，復公主號，改封吳國。 覲上於越，以玉管筆、小玉山、奇畫為獻，上溫辭卻之。 避地至婺州。
Princess of Qin, posthumously Kangyi, was the emperor's third daughter. She was first titled Kangyi, then promoted to Jia and Qing. In 1112 she was made Princess of Han and married Pan Zhengfu. She was retitled Imperial Princess Shushen. At the end of the Jingkang crisis, she and the Grand Imperial Princess Xiande Yixing, as daughters of an earlier reign, were left behind in Bianjing. Early in the Jianyan era her princess title was restored and she was made Princess of Wu. When she had an audience in Yue, she offered a jade brush, a miniature jade mountain, and fine paintings; the emperor courteously refused them. She fled south to Wuzhou.
44
入見，其子堯卿等五人各進官一等。 主奏言：「祖宗以來，駙馬都尉石保吉、魏咸信、柴宗慶皆除使相。 今正夫曆事四朝，在汴京曾建議迎陛下，至杭州又言禁衛未集，預宜防變，乞除開府。」 上不許。 八年再入見。 留宮中三日。 時極暑，上每正衣冠對之飲食，又為正夫求恩數，上曰：「官爵豈可私與人，況今日多事，未暇及此。」 時趙鼎當國，方論群臣紹述之奸，頗抑正夫。 鼎去位，正夫始得開府之命。 給事中劉一正言其非舊制，恐援例者多，乃詔：「哲宗惟正夫為近親，余人毋得援。」 顯仁太后歸，主同秦、魯國大長公主迎于道。 十九年，又入朝。 子長卿、粹卿、端卿皆自團練使升觀察使，從所請也。 孝宗即位，進封秦國大長公主。 薨，諡康懿。
On her audience at court, her sons Yaoqing and four others were each promoted one rank. The princess memorialized: "Since the founding of the dynasty, imperial sons-in-law Shi Baoji, Wei Xianxin, and Chai Zongqing have all been made military commissioners and chief ministers. Pan Zhengfu has served four reigns. At Bianjing he urged welcoming Your Majesty; at Hangzhou he warned that the palace guard was not yet assembled and that unrest should be guarded against. I beg that he be granted the office of Grand Preceptor of the Palace." The emperor refused. Eight years later she had another audience. She stayed in the palace for three days. In extreme summer heat the emperor dressed formally whenever he dined with her. When she again sought favors for Zhengfu, he said, "How can offices and ranks be granted as private gifts? And with so many urgent affairs today, I have no time for this." At the time Zhao Ding was in power, denouncing the Shaoshu faction, and he greatly restrained Zhengfu. After Ding left office, Zhengfu finally received appointment as Grand Preceptor of the Palace. Supervising Secretary Liu Yizheng objected that this was not precedent and feared many would cite it; an edict declared, "Of Zhezong's close kin, only Zhengfu may be cited as precedent; no one else may follow this example." When Empress Dowager Xianren returned, the princess joined the Grand Princesses of Qin and Lu in welcoming her along the route. In the nineteenth year she came to court again. Her sons Changqing, Cuiqing, and Duanqing were all promoted from regimental training commissioners to regional inspectors, as she had requested. When Emperor Xiaozong took the throne, she was promoted to Grand Princess of Qin. After her death she received the posthumous epithet Kangyi.
45
主在日，正夫官至少傅，封和國公； 溫卿甯國軍承宣使，長卿甯江軍承宣使，端卿昭信軍承宣使，清卿容州觀察使，墨卿、才卿並帶團練使，其盛如此。 正夫薨於紹興二十二年，贈太傅。
During her lifetime, Zhengfu rose to Junior Tutor and was made Duke of He; Wenqing became commissioner of the Ningguo army; Changqing of the Ningjiang army; Duanqing of the Zhaoxin army; Qingqing inspector of Rongzhou; Moqing and Caiqing both held regimental training posts—the family's favor reached such heights. Zhengfu died in 1152 and was posthumously made Grand Tutor.
46
徽宗三十四女
The Thirty-Four Daughters of Emperor Huizong
47
徽宗三十四女。 政和三年，改公主號為帝姬，國號易以美名，二字。 嘉德帝姬，六月，封德慶公主。 改封嘉福，尋改號帝姬，再封嘉德。 下嫁左衛將軍曾夤。 榮德帝姬，初封永慶公主，改封榮福。 尋改號帝姬，再封榮德。 下嫁左衛將軍曹晟。
The Thirty-Four Daughters of Emperor Huizong In 1113 the title "princess" was replaced by "imperial princess," and state names were exchanged for elegant two-character epithets. Imperial Princess Jiade, in the sixth month, was made Princess Deqing. She was redesignated Jiafu, soon received the imperial princess title, and was again made Jiade. She married Zeng Yin, a general of the Left Guard. Imperial Princess Rongde was first made Princess Yongqing, then redesignated Rongfu. Soon she received the imperial princess title and was again made Rongde. She married Cao Sheng, a general of the Left Guard.
48
順淑帝姬，初封順慶公主。 薨，追封益國。 及改帝姬號，追封順淑。
Imperial Princess Shunshu was first made Princess Shunqing. After her death she was posthumously made Princess of Yi. When the new title was introduced, she was posthumously made Imperial Princess Shunshu.
49
安德帝姬，初封淑慶公主，改封安福。 尋改號帝姬，再封安德。 下嫁左衛將軍邦光。 茂德帝姬，初封延慶公主，改封康福。 尋改號帝姬，再封茂德。 下嫁宣和殿待制蔡鞗。
Imperial Princess Ande was first made Princess Shuqing, then redesignated Anfu. Soon she received the imperial princess title and was again made Ande. She married Bang Guang, a general of the Left Guard. Imperial Princess Maode was first made Princess Yanqing, then redesignated Kangfu. Soon she received the imperial princess title and was again made Maode. She married Cai Biao, awaiting draftsman of the Hall of Xuanhe.
50
壽淑帝姬，初封壽慶公主。 薨，追封豫國。 及改帝姬號，追封壽淑。
Imperial Princess Shoushu was first made Princess Shouqing. After her death she was posthumously made Princess of Yu. When the new title was introduced, she was posthumously made Imperial Princess Shoushu.
51
安淑帝姬，初封安慶公主，改封隆福。 薨，追封蜀國。 及改帝姬號，追封安淑。
Imperial Princess Anshu was first made Princess Anqing, then redesignated Longfu. After her death she was posthumously made Princess of Shu. When the new title was introduced, she was posthumously made Imperial Princess Anshu.
52
崇德帝姬，初封和慶公主，改封崇福。 尋改帝姬號。 下嫁左衛將軍曹湜。 再封崇德。 薨。
Imperial Princess Chongde was first made Princess Heqing, then redesignated Chongfu. Soon she received the imperial princess title. She married Cao Shi, a general of the Left Guard. She was again made Chongde. She died.
53
柔福在五國城，適徐還而薨。 靜善遂伏誅。 柔福薨在紹興十一年，從梓宮來者以其骨至，葬之，追封和國長公主。
Roufu was held in the Five States Fortress, where she married Xu Huan and died. Jingshan was then put to death. Roufu died in 1141; when the imperial coffin procession returned, her remains were brought back, interred, and she was posthumously made Princess of He.
54
孝宗二女
The Two Daughters of Emperor Xiaozong
55
孝宗二女：長嘉國公主，紹興二十四年，封碩人，進永嘉郡主，三十二年卒。 詔以醫官李師克等屬吏，孝宗時居東宮，奏：「臣女幼而多疾，不宜罪醫。」 遂寢。 乾道二年，贈嘉國公主。 次女生五月而夭，未及封。
Xiaozong had two daughters: the elder became Princess of Jia; in 1154 she was made Shuren, then Princess of Yongjia, and died in 1162. An edict called for prosecuting the physician Li Shike and others; when Xiaozong was crown prince he wrote, "My daughter has been sickly since childhood—the physicians should not be punished." The case was dropped. In 1166 she was posthumously made Princess of Jia. The younger daughter died at five months before she could receive a title.
56
光宗三女
The Three Daughters of Emperor Guangzong
57
文安郡主，光宗長女也；次女封和政郡主；季女封齊安郡主。 皆早卒。 並追贈公主。
Princess of Wen'an was Emperor Guangzong's eldest daughter; his second daughter was made Princess of Hezheng and his youngest Princess of Qi'an. All three died young. They were all posthumously granted princess titles.
58
魏惠獻王一女
The Daughter of Prince Weihui Xian
59
安康郡主，魏惠獻王女也。 初封永寧郡主，改封通義。 以父遺表，遂升安康。 歸殿前司前軍統領羅忠信子良臣。 詔王府主管鄧從義諭旨：「皇女孫郡主宜執婦道，務成肅雍之德，毋敢或違。」 賜申第居之。 良臣以恩轉秉義郎，除閣門祗候官。 開禧元年，郡主薨，年三十九。
Princess of Ankang was the daughter of Prince Weihui Xian. She was first made Princess of Yongning, then redesignated Princess of Tongyi. On the strength of her father's final memorial, she was elevated to Princess of Ankang. She married Liangchen, son of Luo Zhongxin, a commander of the Palace Front Vanguard. An edict instructed the prince's household supervisor Deng Congyi to tell her, "As the emperor's granddaughter, you must observe every duty of a wife and cultivate a household of dignity and harmony—do not fall short in the least." She was given a mansion in the Shen quarter to live in. By imperial favor Liangchen was promoted to Gentleman of Integrity and appointed palace gate attendant. She died in 1205 at the age of thirty-nine.
60
甯宗一女
The Daughter of Emperor Ningzong
61
祁國公主，甯宗女也。 生六月而薨，追封祁國。
Princess of Qi was a daughter of Emperor Ningzong. She died at six months and was posthumously made Princess of Qi.
62
理宗一女
The Daughter of Emperor Lizong
63
周、漢國公主，理宗女也。 母賈貴妃，早薨。 帝無子，公主生而甚鍾愛。 初封瑞國公主，改升國。 開慶初，公主年及笄，詔議選尚。 宰臣請用唐太宗降士人故事，欲以進士第一人尚主，遂取周震炎。 廷謝日，公主適從屏內窺見，意頗不懌，帝微知之。
Princess of Zhou and Han was a daughter of Emperor Lizong. Her mother, Honored Consort Jia, died young. The emperor had no sons, and from her birth he doted on the princess. She was first made Princess of Rui, then redesignated Princess of Sheng. Early in the Kaiqing era, when she came of age, an edict was issued to choose a husband for her. The chief ministers proposed following Tang Taizong's precedent of marrying a princess to a scholar and wished to give her to the top jinshi graduate; Zhou Zhenyan was selected. On the day of the court audience, she glimpsed him from behind a screen and was visibly displeased; the emperor sensed her dissatisfaction.
64
景定二年四月，帝以楊太后擁立功，乃選太后侄孫鎮尚主。 擢鎮右領軍衛將軍、駙馬都統，進封公主為周國公主。 帝俗俚時見之，乃為主起第嘉會門，飛樓閣道，密邇宮苑，帝常御小輦從宮人過公主第。 特賜董役官減三年磨勘，工匠犒賞有差。 明年，進封周、漢國公主，拜鎮慶遠軍承宣使。 鎮宗族娣姒皆推官加封，寵異甚渥。
In April 1261, because Empress Dowager Yang had helped place him on the throne, the emperor chose her grandnephew Zhen as the princess's consort. Zhen was made a general of the Right Army Guard and commander of the imperial son-in-law's guard; the princess was promoted to Princess of Zhou. In his leisure the emperor often visited her, so he built her a mansion at Jiahui Gate with elevated walkways near the imperial gardens; he would often ride a small carriage with palace women to her residence. He granted the construction supervisors a three-year reduction in their merit review and gave the craftsmen graded rewards. The following year she was promoted to Princess of Zhou and Han, and Zhen was made military commissioner of Qingyuan. Members of Zhen's clan and his wife's sisters were all promoted and ennobled—the favor shown them was extraordinary.
65
七月，主病。 有鳥九首大如箕，集主家擣衣石上，是夕薨，年二十二。 無子，帝哭之甚哀，諡端孝。 鎮官節度使云。
In the seventh month she fell ill. A nine-headed bird the size of a winnowing tray alighted on the laundry stone at her residence; she died that night at the age of twenty-two. She left no children; the emperor mourned her bitterly and gave her the posthumous epithet Duanxiao. Zhen was appointed military commissioner.