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卷二百四十八 列傳第七 公主 秦國大長公主 太祖六女 太宗七女 真宗二女 仁宗十三女 英宗四女 神宗十女 哲宗四女 徽宗三十四女 孝宗二女 光宗三女 魏惠獻王一女 寧宗一女 理宗一女

Volume 248 Biographies 7: Princesses, Dachang Princess of the State of Qin, Six Daughters of Taizu, Two Daughters of Zhenzong, Thirteen Daughters of Renzong, Four Daughters of Yingzong, Ten Daughters of Shenzong, Four Daughters of Zhezong, Thirty Three Daughters of Huizong, Two Daughters of Xiaozong, Three Daughters of Guangzong, Daughter of Weihui Xianwang, Daughter of Ningzong, Daughter of Lizong

Chapter 248 of 宋史 · History of Song
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Chapter 248
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1
The Grand Princess of the State of Qin
2
She had one older sister, who died before she reached marriageable age. In 962, she was posthumously made Princess of the State of Chen. During the Yuanfu era, she was redesignated Grand Princess of the State of Jing. Under Emperor Huizong's Zhenghe reign, she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Gongxian.
3
The Six Daughters of Emperor Taizu
4
Emperor Taizu had six daughters. The princesses of Shen, Cheng, and Yong all died in childhood.
5
The Seven Daughters of Emperor Taizong
6
Emperor Taizong had seven daughters. The eldest, Princess of Teng, also died young.
7
The Grand Princess of Bin took Buddhist orders in 982, the seventh year of Taiping Xingguo, and adopted the religious name Master Yuanming. She died the following year. In 997 she was posthumously made Princess of the State of Cao. In 1036 her rank was raised to Grand Princess. During the Yuanfu era her fief was redesignated as the State of Bin.
8
Once, when Li Zunxu was posted to Xuzhou and fell suddenly ill, the princess was desperate to rush to his side. Her attendants said she must petition the throne and await approval before leaving; she set out without waiting, accompanied by only five or six people. On hearing of this, the emperor at once dispatched palace eunuchs to mobilize county patrol forces along her route to escort her carriage. After his death she observed mourning so strictly that she never put off her hemp garments; when the mourning period ended, she refused ever to dress in finery again. At a palace banquet the emperor himself tried to pin flowers in her hair; she refused, saying, "I swore long ago that I would never do this again." On another occasion she slipped while bathing a servant's quarters and hurt her right arm. The emperor sent a eunuch to punish her attendants, but she said, "My strength has failed early; I can scarcely walk—this is no fault of those around me." They were all spared punishment.
9
歿
She was accomplished at correspondence, loved histories and annals, wrote verse, and excelled at needlework and other domestic arts. She once warned her sons, "Keep to loyalty and righteousness; do not count on my favor to escape the consequences of your faults," and treated her stepsons no differently from her own children. When her eyes failed, the emperor himself escorted physicians to her mansion; from the empress and consorts down, the entire inner court came to inquire after her health. The emperor licked her afflicted eyes himself; everyone present wept, and he lamented, "Of the fourteen brothers and sisters recorded in my father's line, only the Grand Princess survives—how can she be stricken with this disease!" He then asked what favors her sons and grandsons might want; she replied, "How could one use a mother's illness to seek rewards?" They offered three thousand taels of silver, but she refused to accept them. The emperor then told his attendants, "If the Grand Princess's illness could be shifted onto me, I would not hesitate to take it." Though blind, in daily life she sat quietly at her couch, serene and untroubled. She warned her sons, "Your father left instructions: let the coffin hold no gold or jade—only a few sets of everyday clothes. When I am gone, do the same for me."
10
The Two Daughters of Emperor Zhenzong
11
Emperor Zhenzong had two daughters. The eldest, Princess of Hui, died young.
12
The Grand Princess of Sheng first took Buddhist orders. In 1033 she was made Princess of Wei and given the religious name Master Qingxu Lingzhao. In 1047 she was posthumously made Princess of Lu, with the posthumous epithet Zhaohuai. Emperor Huizong redesignated her Grand Princess of Sheng. Under the Zhenghe reign she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Zhao.
13
The Thirteen Daughters of Emperor Renzong
14
Emperor Renzong had thirteen daughters. The princesses of Xu, Deng, Zhen, Chu, Shang, Lu, Tang, Chen, and Yu—all nine—died in childhood.
15
The Grand Princess of Zhou and Chen was the emperor's eldest daughter. In 1039 she received the title Fukang. In 1057 she was promoted to Princess of the State of Yan. From childhood she was exceptionally bright and devoted in her filial piety. When the emperor fell ill, she kept constant vigil at his side, went barefoot, and prayed to Heaven to accept her life in place of his. The emperor doted on her.
16
使 使
Because Empress Dowager Zhangyi had died before enjoying the honors of the throne, the emperor chose her nephew Li Wei as the princess's consort. Li Wei was coarse and unrefined, and the couple grew increasingly incompatible. She knocked on the imperial city gate in the middle of the night to plead her case at court; Li Wei, terrified, submitted a confession of his own faults. Remonstrance official Wang Tao protested the opening of the palace gate at night and called for the guards to be punished; censors jointly criticized the lax conduct of eunuchs in the princess's household, and the emperor dismissed more than a dozen of them, including chief superintendent Liang Huaiyi. After several more years of discord, an edict banished Li Wei from court, demoted her to Princess of Yi, and confined her within the inner palace. After a long interval Li Wei was recalled and restored to his post as imperial son-in-law. When Emperor Yingzong took the throne, she was promoted to Princess of Yue. In 1067, under Emperor Shenzong, she was raised to Grand Princess of Chu.
17
The Grand Princess of Qin and Lu, posthumously honored as Xianmu Mingyi, was Emperor Renzong's tenth daughter. Her mother was Honored Consort Zhou. In 1060 she received the title Qingshou and was promoted to Princess of Hui. In 1067 she was raised to Grand Princess of Xu. She married Qian Jingzhen, great-grandson of the Wuyue king Zhongyi and a general of the Right Army Guard. Her fiefs were successively redesignated as Han, Zhou, and Yan. During Huizong's reign she was elevated to the dual titles of Qin and Wei. In 1113 she was retitled Grand Imperial Princess Lingde Jingxing.
18
In 1127, when the Jurchens marched the imperial princesses north, she alone remained in Bianjing, for as a daughter of an earlier reign they did not recognize her among the court. Early in the Jianyan era her princess title was restored and she was made Princess of Qin and Lu. During the flight south, the rebel Zhang Yu raided her household and killed her second son, E. She traveled to Yangzhou to pay her respects at court, then fled again to Fujian.
19
使
In 1133 she came from Fujian to Kuaiji, asked for an audience with the emperor, and was invited to remain there. She later moved to Taizhou. The emperor held her in deep respect for her age and dignity; whenever she came to court he bowed to her before she could bow to him. During the Jingkang crisis, imperial in-laws had been required to surrender their military commissions; she now petitioned to restore her son Chen's former post, and the emperor appointed him military commissioner of Huchuan while decreeing that no other in-law might cite this as precedent. Later she again pressed for special favors for Chen; reluctant to refuse her, the emperor made him Grand Preceptor of the Palace with the Insignia of the Three Excellencies. She had three sons at the time; Mian and Kai were her stepsons, so she showed special favor only to Chen. The emperor cautioned her, "Your long life is the fruit of Emperor Renzong's forty-two years of benevolent rule—his grace has gathered upon you alone. In how you treat your sons, you should follow Renzong's example of impartial devotion." She was deeply moved and accepted his counsel.
20
She died at the age of eighty-six. The emperor suspended court for five days, visited her residence to mourn in person, and ordered that all her descendants be promoted one rank. She was given the posthumous epithet Xianmu. Twenty-nine years later, Mingyi was added to her posthumous title.
21
The Grand Princess of Yan was the emperor's eleventh daughter. In 1061 she received the title Yongshou. She was promoted to Princess of Rong. In 1067 she was raised to Grand Princess of Bin. In 1076 her fief was redesignated as the State of Lu. She married Cao Shi, a general of the Left Army Guard. She was frugal by nature and never enlarged her pools, terraces, or gardens. In the summer of her tenth year, during a drought, the Cao clan prepared a lavish birthday feast; she said, "The court is cutting back meals and suspending music—how could I enjoy such a celebration?" She had everything sent away.
22
使
She died in 1083 at twenty-four; posthumously she was made Princess of Jing with the epithet Xianyi. Her two sons Ye and Min were both promoted to regimental training commissioners. Huizong posthumously made her Princess of Yan and later retitled her Grand Imperial Princess Xianyi Gongmu.
23
The Four Daughters of Emperor Yingzong
24
Emperor Yingzong had four daughters. Princess of Shu died young.
25
The Grand Princess of Wei was the emperor's second daughter; her mother was Empress Xuanren Shengli. In 1063 she was made Princess of Bao'an. When Shenzong took the throne, she was promoted to Princess of Shu, redesignated Princess of Shu, and married Wang Shen, a general of the Left Guard. Wang Shen's mother, Lady Lu, lived alone as a widow; the princess housed her nearby and sent meals every day. When Lady Lu fell ill, she personally prepared medicines for her. The emperor lavished affection on his sisters, and her mansion, gardens, and furnishings were accordingly sumptuous. Unable to visit Empress Xuanren daily at Baoci Palace, she was often despondent. During droughts, when the emperor cut back his meals to pray for rain, she did the same, saying, "Everything I receive comes from the state—I ought to share his distress." During mourning for Empress Cisheng Guangxian, when the emperor was utterly prostrate with grief, she said, "We are of one flesh—how can I alone find comfort in music!" She at once dismissed thirty companies of singers and dancers.
26
She loved classical prose, enjoyed correspondence, supported her kin generously, and was praised as virtuous throughout the court and beyond. Wang Shen was careless in small matters; he even lay with a concubine in the princess's presence, and the woman repeatedly insulted her. After her death, her wet nurse reported the affair; the emperor ordered a full inquiry and had eight maids flogged and married off to soldiers. After her burial, Wang Shen was exiled to Junzhou. Her son Yanbi died at the age of three.
27
The Ten Daughters of Emperor Shenzong
28
Princess of Zhou was the emperor's eldest daughter. Her mother was Empress Qinsheng Xiansu. She was made Princess Yanxi. She was precocious from birth; even as a small child her tastes and habits were those of an adult. She died at twelve; the emperor and empress both donned mourning dress and escorted her bier in grief. She was posthumously made Princess of Yan. Late in the Yuanfu era she was redesignated Princess of Zhou.
29
Princess of Xu was the emperor's youngest daughter. Her mother was Empress Qincheng. She was first made Princess of Qing, then successively elevated through Yi, Ji, Shu, and Xu. Even after coming of age she continued to live in Shengrui Palace. While nursing her mother she never left her side day or night, and would allow no medicine or food to be given unless she had prepared it herself. When her mother grew critically ill, she wailed until she fainted again and again; her attendants could scarcely bear to watch.
30
西
In 1104 she married Yi, great-grandson of Prince Zheng Pan Mei. She served her mother-in-law devotedly and observed every propriety of a daughter-in-law. The Pan were an eminent clan with hundreds of in-laws; she received every guest with perfect courtesy and never gossiped about household affairs. She lived simply, shunning lavish dress and ornaments, kept festivities restrained, and in ten years visited the Western Pond only once. She bore another son who did not live; when a concubine bore a daughter, she reared the child as her own. In 1113 she was retitled Imperial Princess Rouhui. She died in 1115 at thirty-one and was posthumously made Grand Imperial Princess Xianjing.
31
The Four Daughters of Emperor Zhezong
32
Emperor Zhezong had four daughters. The princesses of Deng and Yang both died in childhood.
33
Princess of Qin, posthumously Kangyi, was the emperor's third daughter. She was first titled Kangyi, then promoted to Jia and Qing. In 1112 she was made Princess of Han and married Pan Zhengfu. She was retitled Imperial Princess Shushen. At the end of the Jingkang crisis, she and the Grand Imperial Princess Xiande Yixing, as daughters of an earlier reign, were left behind in Bianjing. Early in the Jianyan era her princess title was restored and she was made Princess of Wu. When she had an audience in Yue, she offered a jade brush, a miniature jade mountain, and fine paintings; the emperor courteously refused them. She fled south to Wuzhou.
34
使使使使使
During her lifetime, Zhengfu rose to Junior Tutor and was made Duke of He; Wenqing became commissioner of the Ningguo army; Changqing of the Ningjiang army; Duanqing of the Zhaoxin army; Qingqing inspector of Rongzhou; Moqing and Caiqing both held regimental training posts—the family's favor reached such heights. Zhengfu died in 1152 and was posthumously made Grand Tutor.
35
The Thirty-Four Daughters of Emperor Huizong
36
Emperor Huizong had thirty-four daughters. In 1113 the title "princess" was replaced by "imperial princess," and state names were exchanged for elegant two-character epithets.
37
Imperial Princess Shunshu was first made Princess Shunqing. After her death she was posthumously made Princess of Yi. When the new title was introduced, she was posthumously made Imperial Princess Shunshu.
38
Imperial Princess Shoushu was first made Princess Shouqing. After her death she was posthumously made Princess of Yu. When the new title was introduced, she was posthumously made Imperial Princess Shoushu.
39
Imperial Princess Anshu was first made Princess Anqing, then redesignated Longfu. After her death she was posthumously made Princess of Shu. When the new title was introduced, she was posthumously made Imperial Princess Anshu.
40
Roufu was held in the Five States Fortress, where she married Xu Huan and died. Jingshan was then put to death. Roufu died in 1141; when the imperial coffin procession returned, her remains were brought back, interred, and she was posthumously made Princess of He.
41
The Two Daughters of Emperor Xiaozong
42
Xiaozong had two daughters: the elder became Princess of Jia; in 1154 she was made Shuren, then Princess of Yongjia, and died in 1162. An edict called for prosecuting the physician Li Shike and others; when Xiaozong was crown prince he wrote, "My daughter has been sickly since childhood—the physicians should not be punished." The case was dropped. In 1166 she was posthumously made Princess of Jia. The younger daughter died at five months before she could receive a title.
43
The Three Daughters of Emperor Guangzong
44
The Daughter of Prince Weihui Xian
45
殿
Princess of Ankang was the daughter of Prince Weihui Xian. She was first made Princess of Yongning, then redesignated Princess of Tongyi. On the strength of her father's final memorial, she was elevated to Princess of Ankang. She married Liangchen, son of Luo Zhongxin, a commander of the Palace Front Vanguard. An edict instructed the prince's household supervisor Deng Congyi to tell her, "As the emperor's granddaughter, you must observe every duty of a wife and cultivate a household of dignity and harmony—do not fall short in the least." She was given a mansion in the Shen quarter to live in. By imperial favor Liangchen was promoted to Gentleman of Integrity and appointed palace gate attendant. She died in 1205 at the age of thirty-nine.
46
The Daughter of Emperor Ningzong
47
Princess of Qi was a daughter of Emperor Ningzong. She died at six months and was posthumously made Princess of Qi.
48
The Daughter of Emperor Lizong
49
Princess of Zhou and Han was a daughter of Emperor Lizong. Her mother, Honored Consort Jia, died young. The emperor had no sons, and from her birth he doted on the princess. She was first made Princess of Rui, then redesignated Princess of Sheng. Early in the Kaiqing era, when she came of age, an edict was issued to choose a husband for her. The chief ministers proposed following Tang Taizong's precedent of marrying a princess to a scholar and wished to give her to the top jinshi graduate; Zhou Zhenyan was selected. On the day of the court audience, she glimpsed him from behind a screen and was visibly displeased; the emperor sensed her dissatisfaction.
50
使
In April 1261, because Empress Dowager Yang had helped place him on the throne, the emperor chose her grandnephew Zhen as the princess's consort. Zhen was made a general of the Right Army Guard and commander of the imperial son-in-law's guard; the princess was promoted to Princess of Zhou. In his leisure the emperor often visited her, so he built her a mansion at Jiahui Gate with elevated walkways near the imperial gardens; he would often ride a small carriage with palace women to her residence. He granted the construction supervisors a three-year reduction in their merit review and gave the craftsmen graded rewards. The following year she was promoted to Princess of Zhou and Han, and Zhen was made military commissioner of Qingyuan. Members of Zhen's clan and his wife's sisters were all promoted and ennobled—the favor shown them was extraordinary.
51
使
In the seventh month she fell ill. A nine-headed bird the size of a winnowing tray alighted on the laundry stone at her residence; she died that night at the age of twenty-two. She left no children; the emperor mourned her bitterly and gave her the posthumous epithet Duanxiao. Zhen was appointed military commissioner.
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