1
景泰，字周卿，普州人。 進士起家，補坊州軍事推官。 後以尚書屯田員外郎通判慶州，即上言：「元昊雖稱臣，誠恐包藏禍心。 當選主將，練士卒，修城池，儲資糧，以備不虞。」 三疏不報。 俄元昊反，又上《邊臣要略》二十卷。 遷都官、知成州，奏《平戎策》十有五篇。
Jing Tai, whose courtesy name was Zhouqing, came from Puzhou. Having entered service through the jinshi examination, he was appointed military judicial reviewer at Fangzhou. Later, while serving as External Subdivision Director of the Ministry of Works in charge of agricultural colonies with concurrent duty as acting prefect of Qingzhou, he immediately submitted a memorial: "Although Yuan Hao has submitted as a subject, I truly fear he harbors treacherous designs. We should select a chief general, drill the troops, repair the walls and moats, and stock provisions and grain against the unexpected." He submitted three such memorials, but none received a reply. Before long Yuan Hao rebelled, and he again submitted his Essential Points for Frontier Officials in twenty chapters. He was transferred to Director in the Ministry of Justice and appointed prefect of Chengzhou, where he presented fifteen chapters of Strategies to Pacify the Rong.
2
會有薦泰知兵者，召對稱旨，換左藏庫使、知寧州。 任福敗，徙原州。 元昊眾十萬，分二道，一出劉璠堡，一出彭陽城，入攻渭州。 葛懷敏援劉璠，戰崆峒北，敗沒，敵騎逾平涼，至潘原。 泰率兵五千，從間道赴原，而先鋒左班殿直張迥逗遛不進，泰斬以徇。 遇敵彭陽西，裨將夏侯觀欲退守彭陽，泰弗許，乃依山而陣。 未成列，敵騎來犯，泰陰遣三百騎，分左右翼，張旗幟為疑兵。 敵欲遁去，將校請進擊，泰止之，遣士搜山，果得伏兵，與戰，斬首千餘級。 以功遷西上閤門使、知鎮戎軍兼兵馬鈐轄。 久之，領忠州刺史，徙秦鳳路馬步軍總管，卒。
When someone recommended Tai as skilled in military affairs, he was summoned for an audience that pleased the throne and was reassigned as Commissioner of the Left Repository and prefect of Ningzhou. After Ren Fu's defeat, he was transferred to Yuanzhou. Yuan Hao fielded one hundred thousand men in two columns, one out of Liu Fan Fort and one out of Pengyang City, and marched to attack Weizhou. Ge Huaimin went to relieve Liu Fan and fought north of Kongtong, but was defeated and killed; the enemy cavalry crossed Pingliang and reached Panyuan. Tai led five thousand men by a hidden route to Yuanzhou, but his vanguard, Left Team Palace Director Zhang Jiong, dallied and would not advance, so Tai had him executed as an example. West of Pengyang he met the enemy; the deputy Xiahou Guan wanted to fall back and hold Pengyang, but Tai refused and drew up his line along the hillside. Before his line was fully formed, enemy horsemen attacked; Tai secretly sent three hundred cavalry to the left and right wings and raised banners to feign a larger force. When the enemy tried to withdraw, his officers asked to pursue, but Tai held them back, sent men to search the hills, and indeed found ambush troops; he fought them and took more than a thousand heads. For this achievement he was promoted to Western Upper Chamberlain Attendant and appointed prefect of Zhenrong Army with concurrent command as military commissioner. After some time he held the title of Zhongzhou governor and was transferred to Commander-in-Chief of Qinfeng Circuit infantry and cavalry, where he died in office.
3
子思立，熙寧中屢有戰功，為引進使、忠州防禦使、知河州，與董氈部兵戰，沒，後思忠以左藏庫副使、遂州駐泊都監擊瀘州夷人，陷於羅箇暮山下。 兄弟繼死王事，人皆憐其忠。
His son Siliz won repeated distinction in battle during the Xining era, rose to Reception Agent, Defender of Zhongzhou, and prefect of Hezhou, and was killed fighting the tribal forces of Dong Zhan. Later his brother Sizhong, as Assistant Commissioner of the Left Repository and Superintendent of the Suizhou garrison, attacked the Luzhou barbarians and was lost beneath Luogemushan. The brothers died one after another in the service of the state, and all pitied their loyalty.
4
王信，字公亮，太原人。 家故饒財，少勇悍。 大中祥符中，盜起晉、絳、澤、潞數州，信應募籍軍，與其徒生擒賊七十人，累以功補龍、神衛指揮使。 部使者表薦，召閱其藝，遷御前忠佐，領河中府、同幹鄜延丹坊州慶成軍管界捉賊，又遷龍衛都虞候兼鄜延巡檢。
Wang Xin, whose courtesy name was Gongliang, came from Taiyuan. His family had long been wealthy, and in youth he was bold and fierce. During the Dazhong xiangfu era, when bandits rose in Jin, Jiang, Ze, Lu, and several other prefectures, Xin answered the call and enrolled in the army; with his companions he captured seventy bandits alive, and through repeated merit was appointed commander in the Dragon and Divine Guards. The circuit commissioner recommended him in a memorial; summoned to demonstrate his skills, he was promoted to Loyal Associate before the throne and placed in charge of bandit suppression across the jurisdictions of Hezhong prefecture, Tonggan, Yanzhou, Yan Circuit, Dan, Fang, Qing, Cheng, and Army garrisons; he was later transferred to Chief Assistant Commander of the Dragon Guards with concurrent duty as Yan Circuit patrol inspector.
5
康定初，劉平、石元孫戰於三川，信以所部兵薄賊，斬首數十級。 遷捧日都虞候，改西京作坊使、知鎮戎軍，徙保安軍兼鄜延路兵馬都監。 始至之夕，敵眾號數萬傅城，軍吏氣懾。 信領勁兵二千，夜出南門與戰，失其前鋒，因按軍不動。 遲明，潛上東山整軍，乘勢而下，擊走之，獲首級、馬牛居多。 遷鈐轄兼經略、安撫、招討都監，領貴州刺史。 葛懷敏戰敗，信出兵拒敵，俘斬甚眾。 進保州刺史，就遷馬步軍都總管。 四路置招討使，遂為本路招討副使。 累遷馬步軍都虞候、象州防禦使，徙高陽關路。
At the beginning of the Kangding era, when Liu Ping and Shi Yuansun fought at Sanchuan, Xin pressed the enemy with his command and took several dozen heads. He was promoted to Chief Assistant Commander of the Holding-Sun Corps, appointed Commissioner of the Western Capital Arsenal and prefect of Zhenrong Army, and then transferred to Bao'an Army with concurrent duty as Infantry and Cavalry Commander of Yan Circuit. On the evening he first arrived, enemy forces said to number in the tens of thousands pressed against the walls, and the officers lost their nerve. Xin led two thousand crack troops out the south gate at night to fight; when he lost his vanguard, he held the army in place. At daybreak he secretly climbed East Hill to reorganize his troops, then swept down the slope and drove the enemy off, taking a great many heads, horses, and cattle. He was promoted to military commissioner with concurrent duties as frontier commissioner, pacification commissioner, and pacification-and-suppression superintendent, and held the title of Guizhou governor. When Ge Huaimin was defeated, Xin led troops out to resist the enemy and captured or killed a great many. He was promoted to prefect of Bao'an and at the same time appointed Commander-in-Chief of infantry and cavalry. When pacification commissioners were established for the four frontier circuits, he became deputy pacification commissioner for his own circuit. Through repeated promotions he rose to Chief Assistant Commander of infantry and cavalry and Defender of Xiangzhou, and was transferred to Gaoyang Pass Circuit.
6
王則反貝州，用安撫使明鎬奏，為貝州城下都總管。 城破，則遁，信率兵執則而還，餘黨自焚死。 拜感德軍節度觀察留後，召為步軍副都指揮使，未至，卒。 贈武寧軍節度兼侍中。
When Wang Ze rebelled at Beizhou, on the recommendation of Pacification Commissioner Ming Hao he was appointed Commander-in-Chief below the walls of Beizhou. When the city fell, Ze fled; Xin led his troops, captured Ze, and returned, while the remaining rebels burned themselves to death. He was appointed acting Military Governor and Observation Commissioner of Gande Army and summoned as Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Foot Soldiers, but died before he could take up the post. He was posthumously granted the title of Military Governor of Wuning Army with concurrent status as Palace Attendant.
7
蔣偕，字齊賢，華州鄭縣人。 幼貧，有立志。 父病，嘗刲股以療，父愈，詰之曰：「此豈孝邪？」 曰：「情之所感，實不自知也。」 舉進士，補韶州司理參軍，以秘書省著作佐郎為大理寺詳斷官。
Jiang Xie, whose courtesy name was Qixian, came from Zheng County in Huazhou. Though poor in youth, he held firm resolve. When his father fell ill, he once cut flesh from his thigh to treat him; when his father recovered, he questioned him: "Is this truly filial conduct?" He replied, "I was moved by feeling and truly did not know what I was doing." He passed the jinshi examination and was appointed judicial assistant at Shaozhou; later, while serving as Assistant Compiler in the Secretariat, he was made detailed adjudicator at the Court of Judicial Review.
8
密州豪人王澥使奴殺一家四人，偕當澥及奴皆大辟。 宰相陳堯佐欲寬澥，判審刑院宋庠與偕持之不從，偕以是知名。
Wang Xie, a powerful man of Mizhou, had a slave kill four members of one household; Jiang Xie ruled that both Wang Xie and the slave should receive the death penalty. Chief Councillor Chen Yaozuo wished to lighten Wang Xie's sentence, but Song Qi, who presided over the Court for Judicial Review, and Jiang Xie held firm and would not yield; Jiang Xie became famous for this.
9
陝西用兵，數上書論邊事，遷秘書丞、通判同州，計置陝西錢糧。 逾年，為沿邊計置青白鹽使。 用龐籍、范仲淹薦，改北作坊副使、環慶路兵馬都監，歷知汾、涇二州，徙原州。 邊民苦屬戶為鈔盜，偕得數輩，腰斬境上，盜為息。 遷北作坊使兼本路鈐轄，明珠、康奴諸族數為寇，偕潛兵伺之，斬首四百，擒酋豪，焚帳落，獲馬、牛、羊千計。 所俘皆刳割磔裂於庭下，坐客為廢飲食，而偕語笑自若。 徙華州兵馬鈐轄。
When war broke out in Shaanxi, he repeatedly submitted memorials on frontier affairs; he was promoted to Secretariat Director and acting prefect of Tongzhou, with responsibility for arranging funds and grain for Shaanxi. After more than a year, he was appointed Commissioner for Arranging Green-and-White Salt along the frontier. On the recommendation of Pang Ji and Fan Zhongyan, he was appointed Deputy Commissioner of the Northern Arsenal and Infantry and Cavalry Commander of Huanqing Circuit, served successively as prefect of Fen and Jing, and was transferred to Yuanzhou. Frontier commoners suffered because dependent households acted as salt smugglers; Xie captured several of them and had them cut in two at the waist on the border, after which the smuggling ceased. He was promoted to Commissioner of the Northern Arsenal with concurrent duty as military commissioner of the circuit; when the Mingzhu, Kangnu, and other tribes repeatedly raided, Xie sent troops in secret to ambush them, took four hundred heads, captured tribal chieftains, burned their encampments, and seized more than a thousand horses, cattle, and sheep. He had all the captives disemboweled, quartered, and torn apart in the courtyard below; his seated guests could not eat or drink, but Xie spoke and laughed as if nothing were amiss. He was transferred to military commissioner of Huazhou.
10
湖南蠻唐和內寇，徙潭州鈐轄。 賊平，知忻州，徙冀州。 坐擅率糧草。 降知霸州。 逾年，徙恩州，領韶州刺史。 屬兵糧乏絕，朝廷方募民入粟，增虛直，給券詣京師射取錢貨，謂之交鈔，患未有應令者，偕使州倉謬為入粟數，輒作鈔，遣屬官持至京師轉貿，得緡錢以補軍食。 為御史彈奏，降知坊州。
When the Hunan barbarian Tang He raided within the borders, he was transferred to military commissioner of Tanzhou. After the rebels were pacified, he was appointed prefect of Xinzhou and later transferred to Jizhou. He was punished for unauthorized requisition of grain and fodder. He was demoted to prefect of Bazhou. After more than a year he was transferred to Enzhou and held the title of Shaozhou governor. As military grain ran out, the court was recruiting commoners to contribute grain, raising nominal prices, and issuing certificates redeemable in the capital for money and goods, called exchange notes, but feared no one would respond; Xie had the state granary falsely report grain contributions, immediately issued notes, sent subordinate officials to carry them to the capital to trade, and obtained cash to supplement army provisions. The censorate impeached him, and he was demoted to prefect of Fangzhou.
11
儂智高反，除宮苑使、韶州團練使，為廣南東西路鈐轄。 賊方圍廣州。 偕馳傳十七日至城下。 戰士未集，會儂智高徙軍沙頭，安撫楊畋檄偕焚糧儲，退保韶州。 坐此，降潭州駐泊都監，再降北作坊使、忠州刺史。 命未至，軍次賀州太平場，賊夜入營，襲殺之。 贈武信軍節度觀察留後。
When Nong Zhigao rebelled, he was appointed Palace Parks Commissioner and Training Commissioner of Shaozhou and made military commissioner of the Eastern and Western Guangnan Circuits. The rebels were then besieging Guangzhou. Xie raced by relay post seventeen days to reach the city. His troops had not yet assembled when Nong Zhigao moved his army to Shatou; Pacification Commissioner Yang Tian ordered Xie by dispatch to burn the grain stores and fall back to defend Shaozhou. For this he was demoted to Superintendent of the Tanzhou garrison, and demoted again to Commissioner of the Northern Arsenal and prefect of Zhongzhou. Before the order arrived, his army halted at Taiping Field in Hezhou; rebels entered the camp at night and killed him in a surprise attack. He was posthumously granted the title of acting Military Governor and Observation Commissioner of Wuxin Army.
12
初，偕入廣州，即數知州仲簡曰：「君留兵自守，不襲賊，又縱步兵馘平民以幸賞，可斬也！」 簡曰：「安有團練使欲斬侍從官？」 偕曰：「斬諸侯劍在吾手，何論侍從！」 左右解之，乃止。 卒以輕肆敗。
Earlier, when Xie entered Guangzhou, he repeatedly told Prefect Zhong Jian, "You keep your troops to defend yourself and do not strike the rebels, and you even let your foot soldiers cut off civilians' ears to claim rewards — you deserve execution!" Jian said, "How can a training commissioner wish to execute a palace attendant?" Xie said, "The sword that executes feudal lords is in my hand — what matter is a palace attendant!" Those at his side intervened, and he desisted. In the end he was ruined by his own rashness.
13
張忠，開封人。 初隸龍騎備征，選為教駿。 有軍校恣掊斂，忠歐殺之，坐配鼎州。 既遁去為盜，復招出。 隸龍猛軍，以材武補三班借職、陝西總管司指使。 數攻破堡砦，殺劇賊張海、郭邈山。 從平恩州，功第一。 累遷如京使、資州刺史，歷真定府、定州、高陽關、京東西路兵馬鈐轄。
Zhang Zhong came from Kaifeng. At first he served in the Dragon Cavalry as a reserve for campaigns and was selected as a horse trainer. When a military school officer extorted at will, Zhong beat him to death and was sentenced to exile at Dingzhou. After he fled and became a bandit, he was recruited back into service. He was attached to the Dragon Fierce Army and, for his talent and martial skill, was appointed Acting Third-Rank Officer and command agent of the Shaanxi Commandery Office. He repeatedly stormed forts and stockades and killed the notorious bandits Zhang Hai and Guo Miaoshan. He took part in pacifying Enzhou and ranked first in merit. Through repeated promotions he rose to Commissioner Bearing Credentials to the Capital and prefect of Zizhou, and served successively as military commissioner of Zhending prefecture, Dingzhou, Gaoyang Pass, and Jingdong West Circuit.
14
儂智高反，就移廣東，領英州團練使。 初，智高圍廣州，時洪州駐泊都監蔡保恭及知英州蘇緘以兵八千人據邊渡村，扼賊歸路，忠奪而將之。 謂其下曰：「我十年前一健兒，以戰功為團練使，若曹勉之。」 於是不介騎而前。 會先鋒遇賊奔，忠手拉賊帥二人，馬陷濘，不能奮，遂中標槍死。 錄其父率府副率致仕餘慶為左監門衛大將軍，賜第一區，給半俸終身； 封其母為河內郡夫人； 弟願遷右班殿直、閤門祗候； 官其子永壽、永吉、永德及其婿劉錞凡四人。 封長女為清河縣君。
When Nong Zhigao rebelled, he was immediately transferred to Guangdong and held the title of Training Commissioner of Yingzhou. Earlier, when Zhigao besieged Guangzhou, Hongzhou garrison superintendent Cai Baogong and Yingzhou prefect Su Jian held Biandu Village with eight thousand troops to block the rebels' line of retreat; Zhong took over command of their force. He told his men, "Ten years ago I was nothing but a stalwart who rose to training commissioner through battle merit — you should exert yourselves." Thereupon he advanced without armor or a mount. When the vanguard met the rebels and broke, Zhong seized two rebel chiefs with his bare hands, but his horse sank in the mire and could not struggle free, and he was struck by a javelin and killed. His father, the retired Vice Commandant of the Leading Palace Yu Qing, was enrolled as Senior General of the Left Gate Guard, granted a residence, and given half salary for life; his mother was enfeoffed as Lady of Hedong Commandery; his younger brother Yuan was promoted to Right Team Palace Director and Chamberlain Attendant; his sons Yongshou, Yongji, and Yongde and his son-in-law Liu Zun, four men in all, were given office. His eldest daughter was enfeoffed as Lady of Qinghe County.
15
郭恩，開封人。 初隸諸班，出為左侍禁、閤門祗候，歷延州西路都巡檢、環州肅遠砦主，累遷內殿承制、秦鳳路兵馬都監。 開古渭州路，為前鋒，斬首九百餘級，擢崇儀副使。 會掌烏族叛，又率兵攻討，斬首八十五級，遷六宅副使。 累勞，補崇儀使，為秦隴路兵馬鈐轄，徙幷、代州鈐轄，管勾麟府軍馬事。
Guo En came from Kaifeng. At first he served in the various guard units, then was appointed Left Palace Attendant and Chamberlain Attendant; he served as Chief Patrol Inspector of Yanzhou West Route and master of Su'yuan Stockade in Huanzhou, and through repeated promotions rose to Inner Hall Artisan and Infantry and Cavalry Commander of Qinfeng Circuit. When he opened the route to ancient Weizhou as vanguard, he took more than nine hundred heads and was promoted to Deputy Commissioner of Honored Ceremonial. When the Zhangwu tribe rebelled, he again led troops against them, took eighty-five heads, and was transferred to Deputy Commissioner of the Six Residences. Through accumulated service he was appointed Commissioner of Honored Ceremonial, made military commissioner of Qinlong Circuit, transferred to military commissioner of Bing and Dai, and put in charge of military affairs at Linfu Army.
16
夏人歲侵屈野河西地，至耕獲時，輒屯兵河西以誘官軍。 經略使龐籍每戒邊將，斂兵河東毋與戰。 嘉祐二年，自正月出屯，至三月然後去。 通判幷州司馬光行邊至河西白草平，數十里無寇跡。 是時，知麟州武戡、通判夏倚已築一堡為候望，又與光議曰：「乘敵去，出不意可更增二堡，以據其地。 請還白經略使，益禁兵三千、役兵五百，不過二旬，壁壘可城。 然後廢橫戎、臨塞二堡，徹其樓櫓，徙其甲兵，以實新堡，列烽燧以通警急。 從衙城紅樓之上，俯瞰其地，猶指掌也。 有急，則州及橫陽堡出兵救之； 敵來耕則驅之，種則蹂踐之； 敵盛則入堡以避。 如是，則堡外必不敢耕種，州西五六十里之內晏然矣。」 籍遂檄麟州如其議。
The Xia each year encroached on the land west of the Quye River, and at plowing and harvest time would station troops west of the river to lure government forces across. Frontier Commissioner Pang Ji repeatedly warned frontier generals to keep their troops east of the river and not engage. In the second year of Jiayou they encamped from the first month and did not withdraw until the third. Acting prefect of Bingzhou Sima Guang toured the frontier as far as Baicao Plain west of the river and found no sign of raiders for several tens of li. At this time Linzhou prefect Wu Kan and acting prefect Xia Yi had already built one fort as a lookout post, and discussed with Guang: "Now that the enemy has withdrawn, we can unexpectedly add two more forts to hold the ground. Please return and inform the frontier commissioner; with three thousand more regular troops and five hundred corvée laborers, the ramparts can be walled in no more than twenty days. Then abolish the two forts of Hengwu and Linse, dismantle their towers and parapets, move their armor and troops to strengthen the new forts, and set out beacon fires to relay urgent alarms. From atop the yamen city's Red Tower, one can look down on the ground as if it lay in the palm of one's hand. In an emergency, the prefecture and Hengyang Fort would send troops to relieve them; when the enemy came to plow, they would drive them off; when they sowed, they would trample the fields; when the enemy grew strong, they would enter the fort for shelter. In this way, the enemy would not dare to farm outside the forts, and the fifty or sixty li west of the prefecture would remain secure." Pang Ji then issued a dispatch to Linzhou ordering the plan carried out as discussed.
17
五月，恩及武戡、走馬承受公事內侍黃道元等以巡邊為名，往按視之。 會詗者言，敵兵盛屯沙黍浪，恩欲止不行。 道元怒，以言脅恩，夜率步騎一千四百餘人，不甲者半，循屈野河北而行，無復部伍。 夏人舉火臥牛峰，戡指以謂恩曰：「敵已知吾軍至矣。」 道元曰：「此爾曹故欲沮我師。」 及聞皷聲，道元猶不信。 行至穀口，恩欲休軍，須曉乃登山。 道元奮衣起曰：「幾年聞郭恩名，今日懦怯與賈逵何殊？」 恩亦慍曰：「不過死耳！」 乃行。 比明，至忽里堆。 敵數十人皆西走，相去數十步止。 恩等踞胡床，遣使騎呼之，敵不應，亦不動。 俄而起火，敵騎張左右翼，自南北交至。 堆東有塹，其中有梁，謂之「斷道堰」。 恩等東據梁口，與力戰，自旦至食。 時敵自兩旁塹中攀緣而上，四面合擊，恩眾大潰。
In the fifth month, En, together with Wu Kan, the palace courier eunuch Huang Daoyuan on inspection duty, and others, went to inspect the frontier on that pretext. Scouts then reported that the enemy had massed at Shatai Lang, and En wished to halt and not proceed. Daoyuan grew angry and threatened En; that night he led more than fourteen hundred foot and horse, half without armor, along the north bank of the Quye River with no formation remaining. The Xia lit fires on Woniufeng; Kan pointed and told En, "The enemy already knows our army has arrived." Daoyuan said, "This is just you people trying to discourage our army." Even when they heard drums, Daoyuan still would not believe it. When they reached the mouth of the valley, En wished to rest the army and wait until dawn before climbing the hill. Daoyuan flung off his robe and rose, saying, "For years I have heard the name Guo En — today your cowardice is no different from Jia Kui's!" En snapped back angrily, "It is nothing more than death!" Thereupon they marched on. By daybreak they reached Huli Dui. Several tens of the enemy all went west and halted several tens of paces away. En and the others sat on folding chairs and sent mounted messengers to call to them; the enemy neither answered nor moved. Before long fires rose, and enemy horsemen spread to left and right wings, arriving from north and south at once. East of the mound was a trench, and within it a beam-bridge called the "Broken Road Weir." En and the others held the bridge mouth on the east and fought hard from dawn until mealtime. At that time the enemy climbed up from trenches on both sides and attacked from four directions, and En's force collapsed in great disorder.
18
夏倚方在紅樓，見敵騎自西山大下，與推官劉公弼率城中諸軍，閉門乘城。 武戡走東山，趣城東，抉門以入。 恩、道元及府州寧府砦兵馬都監劉慶皆被執。 使臣死者五人，軍士三百八十七人，已馘耳鼻得還者百餘人，亡失器甲甚眾。 恩不肯降，乃自殺。 贈同州觀察使，封其妻為京兆郡君，錄其子弟有差，給舊俸三年。 武戡坐棄軍除名，編管江州。
Xia Yi was then at the Red Tower; seeing enemy horsemen sweep down from the western hills, he and the judicial aide Liu Gongbi led all troops in the city, closed the gates, and manned the walls. Wu Kan fled to East Hill and hurried to the east of the city, prying open the gate to enter. En, Daoyuan, and the Fuzhou Ningfu Stockade Infantry and Cavalry Commander Liu Qing were all captured. Five envoys died, along with three hundred eighty-seven soldiers; more than a hundred returned with ears and noses cut off, and a great quantity of weapons and armor was lost. En refused to surrender and killed himself. He was posthumously granted Observation Commissioner of Tongzhou; his wife was enfeoffed as Lady of Jingzhao Commandery; his sons and younger brothers were enrolled in office according to rank, and his former salary was given for three years. Wu Kan was punished for abandoning the army, removed from the rolls, and banished to supervise Jiangzhou.
19
張岊，字子雲，府州府谷人。 以貲為牙將，有膽略，善騎射。 天聖中，西夏觀察使阿遇有子來歸。 阿遇寇麟州，虜邊戶，約還子然後歸所虜。 麟州還其子，而阿遇輒背約。 安撫使遣岊詰問，岊徑造帳中，以逆順諭阿遇，阿遇語屈，留岊共食。 阿遇袖佩刀，貫大臠啖岊，岊引吻就刀食肉，無所憚。 阿遇復弦弓張鏃，指岊腹而彀，岊食不輟，神色自若。 阿遇撫岊背曰：「真男子也。」 翌日，又與岊縱獵，雙兔起馬前，岊發兩矢，連斃二兔。 阿遇驚服，遺岊馬、橐駝，悉歸所虜。 州將補為來遠砦主。 手殺偽首領，奪其甲馬。 時年十八，名動一軍。
Zhang Jie, whose courtesy name was Ziyun, came from Fugu in Fuzhou. Through family wealth he became a military adjutant; he was bold and resourceful and skilled in mounted archery. In the Tiansheng era, the Xia Observation Commissioner A Yu had a son come over in surrender. A Yu raided Linzhou and captured frontier households, agreeing to return the son and then return those he had captured. Linzhou returned the son, but A Yu immediately broke the agreement. The pacification commissioner sent Jie to question him; Jie went straight into the tent and admonished A Yu with arguments of right and wrong; A Yu was speechless and kept Jie to eat with him. A Yu tucked a dagger in his sleeve, strung a large piece of meat, and fed Jie; Jie brought his lips to the blade to eat the meat without fear. A Yu again strung his bow and fitted an arrow, pointing at Jie's belly to draw the bow; Jie did not stop eating and his expression remained calm. A Yu stroked Jie's back and said, "A true man indeed." The next day he again went hunting with Jie; two hares rose before the horses, and Jie loosed two arrows and killed both in succession. A Yu was astonished and submitted; he gave Jie horses and camels and returned all those he had captured. The prefectural commander appointed him master of Laiyuan Stockade. He personally killed a false chieftain and seized his armor and horse. At that time he was eighteen, and his name shook the whole army.
20
元昊犯鄜延，詔麟府進兵。 岊以都教練使從折繼閔破浪黃、黨兒兩族，射殺數十人，斬偽軍主敖保，以功補下班殿侍、三班差使。
When Yuan Hao invaded Yan Circuit, an edict ordered Lin and Fu to advance. Jie as Chief Training Officer followed Zhe Jimin against the Bolang Huang and Dang'er two tribes, shot and killed several tens, beheaded the false army commander Ao Bao, and for merit was appointed Acting Lower Team Palace Attendant and Third-Rank Envoy.
21
時敵騎方熾，中人促賜軍衣，至麟州，不得前。 康德輿管勾軍馬司事，遣岊馳騎五十往護之。 至青眉浪，遇賊接戰，流矢貫雙頰，岊拔矢，鬥愈力，奪馬十二匹而還。 賊兵攻府州甚急，城西南隅庳下，賊將登，眾囂曰：「城破矣！」 岊乘陴大呼搏賊，賊稍卻，飛矢中右目，下身被三創，晝夜督守。 又帥死士開關，護州人汲於河，訖圍解，城中水不乏，以勞，遷右班殿直。 然賊嘗往來邀奪饋運，以岊為麟、府州道路巡檢。 至深柏堰，遇賊數千，分兵追擊，斬首百餘級，奪兵械、馬牛數百。 近郊民田，比秋成未敢獲，岊以計干張亢，得步卒九百人護之，大敗賊於龍門川。 從諸將通麟州糧道，破賊於柏子砦。 改左班殿直。
At that time enemy horsemen were fierce; the court hurried to grant army clothing, but when it reached Linzhou it could not advance. Kang Deyu supervised military affairs of the army-horse office and sent Jie with fifty swift horsemen to escort it. At Qingmei Lang he met bandits in battle; a stray arrow pierced both cheeks; Jie pulled out the arrow, fought all the harder, seized twelve horses, and returned. Bandit forces attacked Fuzhou very urgently; the southwest corner of the wall was low, and the bandits were about to climb; the crowd shouted, "The city is lost!" Jie climbed the parapet and shouted as he fought the bandits; the bandits drew back slightly; a flying arrow struck his right eye, and below the waist he received three wounds, yet he supervised the defense day and night. He also led death-defying troops to open the gate and escort the people of the prefecture to draw water from the river; when the siege was lifted the city did not lack water; for this labor he was transferred to Right Team Palace Attendant. Yet the bandits often came and went seizing supply convoys, so Jie was made patrol inspector of the Lin and Fu route. At Shenbai Weir he met several thousand bandits, divided his troops to pursue, beheaded more than a hundred, and seized weapons, horses, and cattle in the hundreds. Farmland near the suburbs — compared with autumn harvest they still did not dare reap — Jie by stratagem persuaded Zhang Kang to obtain nine hundred foot soldiers to guard it, and greatly defeated the bandits at Longmen River. He followed the various generals in opening the Linzhou grain route and defeated bandits at Baizi Stockade. He was changed to Left Team Palace Attendant.
22
內侍宋永誠傳詔砦下，岊護永誠，遇賊三松嶺。 賊以精騎挑戰，矢中岊臂，猶躍馬左右馳射，諸將乘勝而進，賊皆棄潰。 特改西頭供奉官，又遷內殿崇班。 賊破豐州，岊與諸將一日數戰，破容州刺史耶布移守貴三砦，俘獲萬計。 遷禮賓副使。
The inner attendant Song Yongcheng transmitted an edict below the stockade; Jie escorted Yongcheng and met bandits at Sansong Ridge. The bandits challenged with crack horsemen; an arrow struck Jie's arm, yet he still leaped on his horse and shot left and right; the generals pressed the victory and advanced, and the bandits all fled in rout. He was specially changed to Western Head Attendant-in-Waiting and again transferred to Inner Hall Honored Ban. When bandits broke Fengzhou, Jie and the various generals fought several battles in one day, broke the three stockades of Rongzhou prefect Yebu Yishougui, and captured or killed tens of thousands. He was transferred to Deputy Commissioner of Ceremonial Reception.
23
明鎬在河東，以岢嵐軍當雲、朔路，奏岊為麟府路駐泊都監兼沿邊都巡檢使，駐岢嵐。 張亢修並砦堡障，初議置安豐砦於石臺神，岊以為非要害之地，遂徙砦於生地骨堆以扼賊。 左右親信咸曰：「擅易砦地可乎？」 岊曰：「苟利國家，得罪無憾也。」 卒易之。 已而本道上言，左遷絳州兵馬都監。 二州未解嚴，復麟府駐泊都監，屯安豐。 累遷洛苑使。 嘗從數騎夜入羌中偵機事，既還，羌覺追之，岊隨羌疾馳，效羌語，與羌俱數里，乃得脫。 前後數中流矢，創發臂間，卒。
Ming Hao was in Hedong; as Yanjun Army stood on the Yun and Shuo route, he memorialized that Jie be Lin and Fu Circuit garrison superintendent with concurrent duty as frontier chief patrol inspector, stationed at Yanjun. Zhang Kang repaired stockades and barriers at Bing; at first it was proposed to place Anfeng Stockade at Shitai Shen; Jie held that this was not a vital place and therefore moved the stockade to Shengdigudui to choke the bandits. Close associates on left and right all said, "Can one arbitrarily change stockade ground?" Jie said, "If it benefits the state, I have no regret even if punished." In the end he changed it. Before long the circuit reported upward, and he was demoted to Infantry and Cavalry Commander of Jiangzhou. The two prefectures had not yet lifted alert; he was again made Lin and Fu garrison superintendent, encamped at Anfeng. Through repeated promotions he became Luoyuan Commissioner. He once followed several horsemen at night into Qiang territory to spy out affairs; after he returned the Qiang noticed and pursued; Jie galloped with the Qiang at speed, imitated Qiang speech, and rode with them several li before he escaped. He had been struck by stray arrows several times before; when an old wound opened in his arm he died.
24
張君平
Zhang Junping
25
張君平，字士衡，磁州滏陽人。 以父承訓與契丹戰死，補三班差使殿侍、黔州指揮使。 獠兵屢入寇，君平引兵擊破之，以功遷奉職，除駐泊監押，徙容、白等州巡檢。 又以捕賊功，遷右班殿直。
Zhang Junping, whose courtesy name was Shiheng, came from Fuyang in Cizhou. Because his father Chengxun died fighting the Khitan, he was appointed Acting Third-Rank Envoy Palace Attendant and Commander of Qianzhou. Liao troops repeatedly raided within the borders; Junping led troops to defeat them and for merit was transferred to Palace Service, removed as garrison superintendent, and transferred to patrol inspector of Rong, Bai, and other prefectures. Again for merit in capturing bandits he was transferred to Right Team Palace Attendant.
26
謝德權薦君平河陰窖務，擢閤門祗候，管勾汴口。 建言歲開汴口，當擇其地，得其地，則水湍駛而無留沙，歲可省功百餘萬。 又請沿河縣植榆柳，為令佐、使臣課最，及瘞汴河流屍，悉從其言。 天聖初，議塞滑州決河，以君平習知河事，命以左侍禁簽書滑州事兼修河都監。 既而河未塞，召同提點開封府界縣鎮公事。 以嘗護滑州堤有功，特遷內殿崇班。 君平以京師數罹水災，請委官疏鑿近畿諸州古溝洫，久之，稍完，遂詔畿內及近畿州縣長吏，皆兼管勾溝洫河道。
Xie Dequan recommended Junping for the Heyin depot affairs; he was promoted to Chamberlain Attendant and supervised the Bian River mouth. He submitted a proposal that each year when the Bian mouth was opened, the place should be chosen carefully; if the right place was found, the water would run swift without depositing sand, and more than a million in labor could be saved each year. He also requested that along the river counties elm and willow be planted, that this be made a criterion for assessing magistrates and envoys, and that corpses in the Bian River be buried — all were approved. At the beginning of Tiansheng, when it was proposed to block the breached Yellow River at Huazhou, because Junping was skilled in river affairs he was ordered as Left Palace Attendant to sign Huazhou documents with concurrent duty as Chief River Repair Superintendent. Before long the river was not yet blocked, and he was summoned to jointly supervise Kaifeng prefectural boundary counties and market affairs. Because he had once protected the Huazhou dike with merit, he was specially transferred to Inner Hall Honored Ban. Junping, because the capital repeatedly suffered flood disasters, requested that officials be delegated to dredge ancient canals and ditches in nearby prefectures; after a long time they were somewhat restored, and then an edict ordered magistrates of the capital region and nearby prefectures all to concurrently supervise canals, ditches, and river routes.
27
自畿至泗州，道路多群寇，君平請兩驛增置使臣，專主捕盜，而罷夾河巡檢，於是行者無患。 復為滑州修河都監，遷供備庫副使。 河平，改西作坊使，就遷鈐轄，卒。
From the capital region to Sizhou the roads had many bandit gangs; Junping requested that two relay stations each add envoys devoted solely to capturing bandits, and that patrol inspectors along the river be abolished, and thereafter travelers had no worry. He again became Huazhou Chief River Repair Superintendent and was transferred to Deputy Commissioner of the Supply Repository. When the river was pacified he was changed to Commissioner of the Western Arsenal and at the same time transferred to military commissioner; he died.
28
君平有吏材，尤明於水利，自議塞河，朝廷每訪以利害。 河平，君平且死，論者惜之。 錄三子官。 子鞏，皇祐中，以尚書虞部員外郎為河陰發運判官，管勾汴口，嗣其父職云。
Junping had talent as an administrator and was especially clear on water conservancy; from the time of proposing to block the river, the court repeatedly consulted him on advantages and harms. When the river was pacified, Junping was about to die; commentators regretted it. His three sons were enrolled in office. His son Gong, in the Huangyou era, as External Subdivision Director of the Ministry of Revenue served as Heyin transport judicial officer and supervised the Bian mouth, succeeding his father's post.
29
論曰：孔子謂：「暴虎馮河，死而無悔者，不與也。」 老氏曰：「佳兵者不祥。」 景泰輩或起書生，或奮行伍，或出亡命，非有將率之材也。 泰、信以區區之卒，嘗摧西夏之強鋒，頗知持重以制敵耳。 蔣、張輕肆自用，竟殞於烏合之寇。 恩怵道元之勢，身啖虎口，守義不屈，猶足尚也。 岊之驍勇，固非臨事而懼者。 君平死戰之子，乃明習水利，以吏材稱，亦可謂善變矣。
The commentators say: Confucius said, "He who rushes at a tiger or crosses a river, ready to die without regret — I will have nothing to do with him." Laozi said, "Fine weapons are inauspicious." Jing Tai and his ilk either rose from scholars, or sprang from the ranks, or came from fugitive lives; they did not possess the talent of generals and commanders. Tai and Xin with their meager troops once broke the sharp edge of the Western Xia, and somewhat knew how to hold steady to control the enemy. Jiang and Zhang were rash and willful and in the end perished at the hands of a mob of bandits. En yielded to Daoyuan's power, yet his body entered the tiger's maw and he held to righteousness without bending — that is still worthy of respect. Jie's fierce bravery was certainly not that of one who fears when facing affairs. Junping, son of one who died in battle, yet was clear on water conservancy and famed for administrative talent — this too may be called skill in adaptation.
30
史方，字正臣，開封人。 應《周易》學究不中，補西第二班殿侍，再遷三班奉職，為潭、澧、鼎沿邊同巡檢，改右班殿直、閤門祗候。 會澧州民訴下溪州蠻侵其土地，遣乘驛往視。 自竹疏驛至申文崖，復地四百餘里，得所掠五百餘人，又置澧州、武口、楊泉、索溪四砦，以扼賊衝。 就知邵州，徙澧州，遷右待禁。
Shi Fang, whose courtesy name was Zhengchen, came from Kaifeng. He sat for the Zhouyi Erudite examination and failed to pass, then received appointment as Western Second Team Palace Attendant; he was soon promoted to Third-Rank Palace Service and made joint frontier patrol inspector for Tan, Li, and Ding, before being reassigned as Right Team Palace Attendant and Chamberlain Attendant. When Lizhou commoners petitioned that barbarians from Lower Stream Prefecture were encroaching on their territory, he was dispatched by courier to investigate. Traveling from Zhushu Relay Station to Shenwen Cliff, he reclaimed over four hundred li of territory, recovered more than five hundred captives, and built four stockades at Lizhou, Wukou, Yangquan, and Suoxi to choke the enemy's advance. He was concurrently made acting prefect of Shaozhou, then moved to Lizzhou and promoted to Right Palace Guard.
31
天禧中，下溪州蠻彭仕漢寇辰州，殺巡檢王文慶。 方勒兵入溪洞討捕，降其黨李順同等八百餘人，誅其尤惡者社忽等十九人。 遷西頭供奉官、知辰州兼沿邊溪洞都巡檢使，修南、北江五砦，徙夔州。 時富、順州蠻田彥晏寇施州，焚暗利砦。 方領兵直抵富、順，蕩其巢穴，窮追彥晏至七女柵，降之。 遷內殿崇班，改內殿承制，奉使契丹，以供備庫副使知環州、環慶路兵馬都監。
During the Tianxi period, Peng Shihan of the Lower Stream Prefecture tribes attacked Chenzhou and killed the patrol inspector Wang Wenqing. Fang led soldiers into the stream gorges to suppress the raiders, accepted the surrender of over eight hundred followers led by Li Shuntong, and put to death nineteen ringleaders including Shehu. He was promoted to Western Head Attendant-in-Waiting and made prefect of Chenzhou while also serving as chief frontier stream-cave patrol inspector; he rebuilt five stockades along the South and North Rivers before being transferred to Kuizhou. Tian Yan'an of the Shifu and Shunzhou tribes attacked Shizhou and burned Anli Stockade. Fang marched directly on Shifu and Shun, destroyed their strongholds, chased Yan'an all the way to Seven Maidens Stockade, and compelled him to surrender. He rose to Inner Hall Honored Ban, was reassigned as Inner Hall Artisan, served as envoy to the Khitan, and afterward held the posts of Deputy Commissioner of the Supply Repository, prefect of Huanzhou, and frontier military superintendent of Huanqing Circuit.
32
先是，磨娟、浪壴、托校、拔新、兀二、兀三六族內寇，方諭以恩信，乃傳箭牽羊乞和。 減禁兵五千，徙內地以省邊費。 徙慶州，遷禮賓使兼環慶路兵馬鈐轄，復知環州。 歲餘，遷愛州刺史，為益州鈐轄，徙秦鳳路，遷西京作坊使，卒。
Previously the six tribes Mojuan, Langchang, Tuoxiao, Baxin, Wuer, and Wusan had raided the frontier; Fang won them over with kindness and good faith, whereupon they exchanged arrows and offered sheep in a plea for peace. He cut the frontier garrison by five thousand men and relocated them inland to reduce border costs. He was moved to Qingzhou, promoted to Commissioner of Ceremonies while also serving as military commissioner of Huanqing Circuit, and again made prefect of Huanzhou. A little over a year later he was made prefect of Aizhou, served as military commissioner of Yizhou Circuit, transferred to Qinfeng Circuit, rose to Commissioner of the Western Capital Arsenal, and died in office.
33
盧鑒，字正臣，金陵人。 累舉進士不中，授三班奉職、監坊州酒稅，以右班殿直為鄜延路走馬承受公事。 李繼遷寇邊，與總管王榮敗走之； 又與鈐轄張崇貴擊賊，焚其積聚，斬首級而還。 擢閤門祗候，為本路兵馬都監。 復出蕩族帳，獲羊牛萬計。 徙鳳翔、秦隴、階、成等州提點賊盜公事，尋為都巡檢使，徙利州都監。
Lu Jian, whose courtesy name was Zhengchen, came from Jinling. Though he failed the jinshi examination several times, he received appointment as Third-Rank Palace Service and supervisor of Fangzhou wine taxes, and later served as Right Team Palace Attendant and mobile dispatch commissioner on the Yan-Yan Circuit. When Li Jiqian raided the border, he joined commander-in-chief Wang Rong in defeating and driving him back; he later joined military commissioner Zhang Chonggui in attacking the rebels, burned their stockpiles, took heads, and withdrew. He was elevated to Chamberlain Attendant and appointed frontier military superintendent of the circuit. He led another expedition against the tribal camps and seized tens of thousands of sheep and cattle. He was reassigned to supervise bandit suppression in Fengxiang, Qinlong, Jie, Cheng, and other prefectures, soon became chief patrol inspector, and then was made military superintendent of Lizhou.
34
初，繼遷聲言石隕帳前，有文曰：「天誡爾勿為中國患。」 鑒時為承受，入奏事，真宗問之，鑒曰：「此詐為之以欺朝廷也，宜益為備。」 至是，繼遷陷靈武，帝思其言，特遷右侍禁、知儀州。 州有制勝關，最號險要，繼遷欲乘虛襲取之，放言將由此大入。 諜者以告。 有詔徙老幼、芻粟於內地。 鑒曰：「此奸謀也，且示虜弱，搖民心，臣不敢奉詔。」 卒不徙，已而賊亦不至。 再遷西頭供奉官、知利州。
Initially, Jiqian claimed that a stone had fallen before his tent bearing the inscription, "Heaven warns you not to become a scourge upon China." At the time Jian served as dispatch commissioner; when he entered court to report, Zhenzong questioned him, and Jian replied, "This was a forgery meant to mislead the court. Defenses should be strengthened." By then Jiqian had captured Lingwu; the Emperor recalled his warning and specially promoted him to Right Palace Guard and prefect of Yizhou. The prefecture held Zhisheng Pass, renowned as the most critical strongpoint; Jiqian planned to strike it when defenses were weak and publicly declared that he would launch a major invasion through it. Intelligence agents brought word of it. The court ordered the evacuation of the aged and young, along with fodder and grain supplies, to the interior. Jian said, "This is an enemy ruse; it would also advertise weakness to the barbarians and unsettle the people. I dare not carry out this order." He ultimately refused to evacuate them, and soon afterward the enemy never appeared. He was promoted again to Western Head Attendant-in-Waiting and appointed prefect of Lizzhou.
35
會歲饑，以便宜發倉粟振民。 秩滿，民請留，詔留一年。 提點河東路刑獄，歷知保州、廣信軍、原州，就為環慶路都監兼知慶州，徙環州。 平磨媚族於合道鎮。 坐事徙知丹州。 累遷西京左藏庫使、恩州刺史，為環慶路鈐轄兼知環州，改西上閤門使、秦州，卒。
When the year brought famine, he exercised emergency authority to distribute grain from the state granaries and relieve the populace. When his term ended the people petitioned to retain him, and the throne ordered him to stay another year. He served as judicial intendant of Hedong Circuit and successively governed Baozhou, Guangxin Army, and Yuanzhou; he was then made frontier military superintendent of Huanqing Circuit while also serving as prefect of Qingzhou, and afterward transferred to Huanzhou. He subdued the Momei tribe at Hedao Town. After being implicated in a case, he was demoted to prefect of Danzhou. He rose through the ranks to Commissioner of the Western Capital Left Treasury and prefect of Enzhou, served as military commissioner of Huanqing Circuit while also governing Huanzhou, was reassigned as Western Upper Chamberlain Attendant and prefect of Qinzhou, and died.
36
李渭，字師望，其先西河人，後家河陽。 進士起家，為臨潁縣主簿，累官至太常博士。 會河決滑州，天聖初，上治河十策，參知政事魯宗道奉詔行河。 奏渭換北作坊副使，與張君平並為修河都監。 未幾皆罷，以渭為鄆州兵馬都監，徙知憲州，又知鳳州兼階、成州鈐轄。
Li Wei, whose courtesy name was Shiwang, traced his ancestry to Xihe, though his family later made its home in Heyang. A jinshi degree launched his career; he served as chief clerk of Linying County and rose through successive posts to Doctor of the Imperial Sacrifices. After the Yellow River broke through at Huazhou, at the start of the Tiansheng era he submitted ten proposals for river control, and Vice Grand Councilor Lu Zongdao received orders to direct the river project. A memorial recommended transferring Wei to Deputy Commissioner of the Northern Arsenal and appointing him, together with Zhang Junping, as Chief River Repair Superintendent. Soon both men were removed from office; Wei was made frontier military superintendent of Yanzhou, transferred to Xianzhou, and later appointed prefect of Fengzhou while also serving as military commissioner of Jie and Cheng prefectures.
37
初，屬戶寇陷階州沙灘砦，渭至，詰所以然者，乃都校趙釗擾之，奏流釗道州，以恩信諭酋帥，復其砦。 遷軍器庫副使，歷知原、環、慶三州。 時詔舉勇略任邊者，李諮以渭應詔。 徙益利路兵馬鈐轄，領惠州刺史，遷東八作使，擢西上閤門使。 徙鄜延路，再遷四方館使。
When dependent households attacked and captured Shaztan Stockade in Jiezhou, Wei investigated the cause and found that company commander Zhao Zhao had provoked them; he memorialized to exile Zhao to Daozhou, won over the tribal leaders through kindness and trust, and recovered the stockade. He was promoted to Deputy Commissioner of the Armory and successively governed Yuan, Huan, and Qing prefectures. When the throne ordered recommendations of bold and capable men for frontier service, Li Zi nominated Wei in answer to the edict. He was made military commissioner of Yili Circuit, served concurrently as prefect of Huizhou, rose to Commissioner of the Eastern Eight Workshops, and was elevated to Western Upper Chamberlain Attendant. He was reassigned to the Yan-Yan Circuit and later promoted to Commissioner of the Four Directions Hostel.
38
王果，字仲武，深州饒陽人。 舉明法。 歷大理寺詳斷官，遷光祿寺丞，以太子右贊善大夫為審刑院詳議官，遷殿中丞。 奏邊策，試舍人院，改衣庫副使、知永寧軍，更尚食使、知保州。
Wang Guo, whose courtesy name was Zhongwu, came from Raoyang in Shenzhou. He earned his degree through the Mingfa examination. He served as detailed adjudication officer in the Court of Judicial Review, rose to Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Entertainments, became a detailed deliberation officer of the Court of Judicial Review while holding the title Right Supporter of the Heir Apparent, and was promoted to Palace Secretariat Director. He submitted frontier strategies, passed examination at the Drafting Academy, was reassigned as Deputy Commissioner of the Wardrobe Repository and prefect of Yongning Army, and later made Commissioner of Imperial Food and prefect of Baozhou.
39
契丹謀致書求關南地，使未至，果購諜者先得其稿，奏之，擢領賀州刺史兼高陽關路兵馬鈐轄。 中官楊懷敏領沿邊屯田事，大廣塘水，邊臣莫敢言，果獨抗辨水侵民田，無益邊備。 懷敏怒，訴果以不法，左遷青州兵馬都監。 歷永興軍兵馬鈐轄、知隴州。
The Khitan planned to send a letter demanding the Guannan territories; before their envoy arrived, Guo paid an informant who obtained the draft first and reported it to the throne; he was promoted to prefect of Hezhou with concurrent command as military commissioner of the Gaoyang Pass Circuit. The eunuch Yang Huaimin oversaw frontier garrison farming and greatly expanded the pond-marsh system; no frontier official dared object, but Guo alone protested that the flooding harmed civilian fields and did nothing for border defense. Enraged, Huaimin charged Guo with misconduct, and Guo was demoted to frontier military superintendent of Qingzhou. He later served as military commissioner of Yongxing Army and as prefect of Longzhou.
40
俄詔還，遷皇城使、河北沿邊安撫副使，徙知定州兼真定路兵馬鈐轄。 叛卒據保州，果坐多傷士眾，徙知密州。 又知忻州、鄜州，權秦鳳路兵馬總管，遷西上閤門使，徙知滄州，卒。
Soon he was recalled by edict, promoted to Commissioner of the Imperial City and Vice Commissioner for Frontier Pacification of Hebei, and transferred to Dingzhou while also serving as military commissioner of the Zhending Circuit. When rebel troops seized Baozhou, Guo was held responsible for heavy troop losses and was reassigned as prefect of Mizhou. He later governed Xinzhou and Yanzhou, served as acting commander-in-chief of Qinfeng Circuit infantry and cavalry, rose to Western Upper Chamberlain Attendant, was transferred to Cangzhou, and died.
41
郭諮，字仲謀，趙州平棘人。 八歲始能言，聰敏過人。 舉進士，歷通利軍司理參軍、中牟縣主簿，改大理寺丞、知濟陰縣。 建言：「澶、滑堤狹，無以殺大河之怒，故漢以來河決多在澶、滑。 且黎陽九河之原，今若引河出汶子山下，穿金堤，與橫壟合，以達於海，則害可息。」 詔本道使者共議，弗合。 部夫坐小法，監通利軍稅。
Guo Zi, whose courtesy name was Zhongmou, came from Pingji in Zhaozhou. He did not speak until he was eight, yet his intelligence far surpassed others. A jinshi graduate, he served successively as judicial adjutant of Tongli Army and chief clerk of Zhongmou County before being appointed Court of Judicial Review Director and prefect of Jiyin County. He submitted a proposal: "The levees at Dan and Hua are too narrow to contain the Yellow River's force, which is why most breaches since Han times have occurred there. Moreover, Liyang lies at the headwaters of the Nine Rivers; if the river were diverted below Wenzishan, cut through the Golden Dike, and joined the Henglong channel to reach the sea, the flooding could be stopped." The throne ordered circuit envoys to confer on the plan, but they failed to reach agreement. Because he breached a minor regulation while supervising corvée labor, he was demoted to supervisor of Tongli Army taxes.
42
洺州肥鄉縣田賦不平，歲久莫治，轉運使楊偕遣諮攝令以往。 既至，閉閣數日，以千步方田法四出量括，遂得其數，除無地之租者四百家，正無租之地者百家，收逋賦八十萬，流民乃復，偕奏其才，遷殿中丞、知館陶縣。
Land-tax assessments in Feixiang County, Bozhou, had long been unfair and gone unreformed; transport commissioner Yang Xie dispatched Zi as acting magistrate to set matters right. On arrival he shut himself in for several days, then dispatched surveyors in all directions using the thousand-paces square-field method until the true figures were established; he canceled rent for four hundred landless households, corrected one hundred untaxed parcels, recovered eight hundred thousand in arrears, and displaced people returned home; Xie praised his ability, and Zi was promoted to Palace Secretariat Director and prefect of Guantao County.
43
康定西征，諮上戰略，獻《拒馬槍陣法》，其制利山川險隘，以騎士試上前，擢通判鎮戎軍，募兵教習。 會三司議均稅法，知諫院歐陽修言，惟諮方田法簡而易行，詔諮與孫琳均蔡州上蔡縣稅。 以母憂免官。 用宰相呂夷簡薦，起為崇儀副使、提舉黃御河堤岸。
During the Kangding western expedition Zi submitted battle plans and presented his Horse-Rejecting Spear Formation Method, designed for rugged terrain; after demonstrating it with cavalry before the throne, he was promoted to vice prefect of Zhenrong Army to recruit and train soldiers. When the Three Departments debated tax equalization, Remonstrance Academy director Ouyang Xiu declared that only Zi's square-field method was simple and practical; the throne ordered Zi and Sun Lin to equalize taxes in Shangcai County, Caizhou. He resigned office to observe mourning for his mother. Recommended by Grand Councilor Lü Yijian, he was recalled to serve as Deputy Commissioner of Honored Ceremonies and supervisor of the Yellow Imperial River embankments.
44
時富弼使契丹，諮入對，陳大水禦戎之要。 詔與楊懷敏、鄧保信行河，其議「決黎陽大河，下與胡蘆、滹沱、後唐河以注塘泊，混界河，使東北抵於海，上溢鸛鵲陂，下注北當城，南視塘泊，界截虜疆，東至海口，西接保塞。 惟保塞正西四十里，水不可到，請立堡砦，以兵戍之。」 詔儲用興役，會契丹約和而止。 知丹、利二州。
While Fu Bi served as envoy to the Khitan, Zi was received in audience and explained how massive flooding could be used to check barbarian incursions. The throne ordered him, together with Yang Huaimin and Deng Baoxin, to direct the river project according to a plan to breach the Yellow River at Liyang, channel it into the Hulu, Hutuo, and Later Tang rivers to fill the pond-marsh system, merge with the boundary river, drive it northeast to the sea, flood Guanque Marsh upstream, pour down north of Dangcheng, form a southern barrier of pond-marshes, block the barbarian frontier, reach east to the sea mouth, and link west to Baosai. Only forty li directly west of Baosai could the water not reach; he asked that fortified stockades be built there and manned with troops." Funds were set aside for the work by edict, but the project stopped when peace was concluded with the Khitan. He governed Dan and Li prefectures.
45
王則叛，文彥博薦諮知冀州，運糧助攻討。 賊平，徙忻州，開渭渠，導汾水，興水利，置屯田。 轉運使任顓言諮有巧思，自為兵械皆可用。 詔以所作刻漏、圓楯、獨轅弩、生皮甲來上，帝頗嘉之。 除益州路兵馬鈐轄，累遷英州刺史，後為契丹祭奠副使、知汾州。 未行，言獨轅弩可試，改鄜延路兵馬鈐轄，許置弩五百，募士兵教之。 既成，經略使夏安期言其便，詔立獨轅弩軍。 以西上閤門使知潞州。 言懷、保二郡旁山，可以植稻； 定武唐河抵瀛、莫間，可興水田。 又作鹿角車、陷馬槍，請廣獨轅弩於他道。 詔諮置弩千分給幷、潞，諮因上疏曰：「臣自冠武弁，未嘗一日不思禦戎之計。 頃使契丹，觀幽燕地方不及三百里，無十萬人一年之費，且烏合之眾，非二十萬不敢舉。 若以術制之，使舉不得利，居無以給，不逾數年，必棄幽州而遁。 臣慶曆初經畫河北大水，界斷敵疆，乃其術也。 臣所創車弩可以破堅甲，制奔衝，若多設之，助以大水，取幽薊如探囊中物爾。」
During Wang Ze's rebellion, Wen Yanbo recommended Zi as prefect of Jizhou to supply grain and join the suppression campaign. After the rebels were crushed he was moved to Xinzhou, where he dug the Wei Canal, diverted the Fen River, developed irrigation works, and established garrison farms. Transport commissioner Ren Hao reported that Zi was ingenious and that every military device he designed proved practical. By edict the clepsydra, round shield, single-shaft crossbow, and raw-hide armor he had invented were sent to court, and the Emperor was greatly pleased. He was made military commissioner of Yizhou Circuit, rose through successive promotions to prefect of Yingzhou, and later served as deputy condolence envoy to the Khitan while governing Fenzhou. Before setting out he argued that the single-shaft crossbow should be field-tested; he was reassigned as military commissioner of the Yan-Yan Circuit, authorized to deploy five hundred of the weapons, and told to recruit local troops to train with them. Once the corps was ready, frontier commissioner Xia Anqi reported its effectiveness, and the throne ordered the formation of a Single-Shaft Crossbow Corps. He was appointed Western Upper Chamberlain Attendant and prefect of Luzhou. He reported that Huai and Bao, two mountainous prefectures, were suited to rice cultivation; and that from Dingwu along the Tang River to the region between Ying and Mo, irrigated fields could be opened. He also invented stag-antler carts and horse-trapping spears, and asked that single-shaft crossbows be deployed on other frontier routes as well. The throne ordered Zi to deploy one thousand crossbows, divided between Bing and Lu; he then submitted a memorial saying, "Since I first took up arms, not a day has passed when I did not devise plans to check the barbarians. On a recent mission to the Khitan I saw that the Youyan region spans less than three hundred li, cannot sustain a hundred thousand men for a year, and fields a rabble that will not march without two hundred thousand. If we use strategy to deny them profit in attack and sustenance in occupation, within a few years they will surely abandon Youzhou and withdraw. At the beginning of the Qingli era I designed the great Hebei floodworks to block the enemy frontier — that is exactly such a strategy. The cart-mounted crossbows I have devised can pierce heavy armor and stop cavalry charges; deployed in numbers and combined with flooding, seizing You and Ji would be as easy as taking something from a pouch."
46
時三司議均田租，召還，諮陳均括之法四十條。 復上《平燕議》曰：「契丹之地，自瓦橋至古北口，地狹民少。 自古北口至中原，屬奚、契丹，自中原至慶州，道旁才七百餘家。 蓋契丹疆土雖廣，人馬至少，儻或南牧，必率高麗、渤海、黑水、女真、室韋等國會戰，其來既遠，其糧匱乏。 臣聞以近待遠，以佚待勞，以飽待饑，用兵之善計。 又聞得敵自至者勝，先據便地者佚。 以臣所見，請舉慶曆之策，合眾河於塘泊之北界，以限戎馬，然後以景德故事，頓兵自守。 步卒十二萬，騎卒三萬，強壯三萬，歲計糧餉百八十三萬六千斛。 又傍河郡邑，可以水運以給保州。 然後以拒馬車三千，陷馬槍千五百，獨轅弩三萬，分選五將，臣可以備其一，來則戰，去則勿追。 幽州糧儲既少，敵不可久留，不半年間，當遁沙漠。 則進兵斷古北口，砦松亭關，傳檄幽薊，燕南自定。 且彼之所恃者，惟馬而已。 但能多方致力，使馬不獲伸用，則敵可破，幽燕可取。」 帝壯其言，詔置獨轅弩二萬，同提舉百司及南北作坊，以完軍器。
While the Three Departments debated equalizing field rents, he was recalled and presented forty articles on his equal-survey method. He submitted again his Discourse on Pacifying Yan, arguing, "From Waqiao to Gubeikou the Khitan lands are cramped and thinly populated. From Gubeikou to the Central Plains the country belongs to the Xi and Khitan; from the Central Plains to Qingzhou there are barely seven hundred households along the route. Though Khitan territory is vast, its manpower and horses are scant; should they raid south, they must rally Korea, Bohai, Heishui, Jurchen, Shiwen, and other peoples — their march is long and their supplies will run out. I have heard that meeting the distant with the near, the weary with the rested, and the hungry with the well-fed — these are the supreme principles of war. It is also said that he wins who lets the enemy come to him, and he rests who holds favorable ground first. In my view, we should revive the Qingli policy: combine the rivers north of the pond-marsh line to block barbarian cavalry, then follow the Jingde precedent and concentrate troops for defense. This would require one hundred twenty thousand foot soldiers, thirty thousand cavalry, and thirty thousand strong reserves, with annual grain rations estimated at one million eight hundred thirty-six thousand six hundred hu. Riverine prefectures and towns could also supply Baozhou by water transport. Then deploy three thousand horse-rejecting carts, fifteen hundred horse-trapping spears, and thirty thousand single-shaft crossbows; choose five generals, of whom I could serve as one — fight when the enemy comes, but do not pursue when they withdraw. Youzhou holds little grain; the enemy cannot remain long — within half a year they will withdraw into the desert. Then march to block Gubeikou, garrison Songting Pass, send proclamations to You and Ji, and the lands south of Yan will submit of themselves. Moreover, what they rely on is cavalry alone. If we apply ourselves on many fronts so that their horses cannot be brought into play, the enemy can be broken and You and Yan recovered. The Emperor was impressed by his argument and ordered twenty thousand single-shaft crossbows deployed, with joint oversight by the hundred offices and the northern and southern workshops to complete the army's equipment.
47
諮嘗謂作汴乘索河三十六陂之流，危京師，請自鞏西山七里店孤柏嶺下鑿七十里，導洛入汴，可以四時行運。 詔都水監楊佐同往計度。 歸，未及論功而卒。
Zi once argued that making the Bian River carry the Suo River and the waters of thirty-six ponds endangered the capital; he asked to cut seventy li from Qili Store at Gushan west of Gong through Gubai Ridge and divert the Luo into the Bian, so that transport could run in all four seasons. An edict ordered Director of Waterways Yang Zuo to accompany him in surveying the project. He returned, but died before his service could be rewarded.
48
田敏，字子俊，本易州牙吏。 雍熙中，王師討幽薊，曹彬進兵涿州，敵斷其後。 王繼恩募勇士持書抵彬，敏應募，間行由祁溝關達涿州。 彬得詔，選壯士五十人衛敏還，道遇賊，力戰，四十八人死，敏與兩人者，僅以身免。 彬上其事，太宗召見，復令齎詔諭彬。 師還，補敏易州靜砦指揮使。
Tian Min, whose courtesy name was Zijun, was originally a yamen clerk of Yizhou. During the Yongxi campaign against You and Ji, Cao Bin advanced on Zhuozhou while the enemy cut off his rear. Wang Jien recruited brave men to carry a message to Bin; Min volunteered, slipped through by hidden routes via Qigou Pass, and reached Zhuozhou. When Bin received the edict, he chose fifty stalwart men to escort Min back; on the road they met raiders and fought hard — forty-eight were killed, and only Min and two others barely escaped alive. Bin reported the matter to court; Taizong summoned Min for an audience and again ordered him to carry an edict instructing Bin. When the army withdrew, Min was appointed commander of Jing Stockade at Yizhou.
49
端拱初，以所部兵屯定州。 契丹攻北唐河，大將李繼隆遣部將逆戰，為敵所乘。 奄至水南。 敏以百騎奮擊，敵懼，退水北，遂引去。 又出狼山，襲契丹，至滿城，獲首級甚眾。 既而敵陷易州，敏失其家所在。 帝擢敏本軍都虞候，賜白金三百兩，使間行求其父母，得之以歸。 徙屯鎮州，而升其指揮為內員僚直。
At the beginning of the Duangong era, he stationed his command at Dingzhou. When the Khitan attacked North Tanghe River, the great general Li Jilong sent a subordinate to meet them and was overrun. The enemy suddenly reached the south bank of the river. Min charged with one hundred horsemen; the enemy took fright, fell back north of the river, and then withdrew altogether. He again marched out from Langshan, struck the Khitan as far as Mancheng, and took many heads. Soon afterward the enemy captured Yizhou, and Min lost track of his family's whereabouts. The Emperor promoted Min to chief adjutant of his command, granted him three hundred taels of white gold, and sent him by hidden routes to find his parents; he recovered them and brought them home. He moved his garrison to Zhenzhou, and his command was raised to the Inner Staff Straight Corps.
50
李繼隆討夏州，奏隸麾下。 敏率兵至靈州橐駝口雙塠西，遇敵，斬首三千級，獲羊馬、橐駝、鎧仗數萬計。 繼隆上其功，遷御前忠佐馬步軍副都軍頭。 既而又從傅潛於定州。 時契丹斷蒲陰路，城中有神勇軍士千餘人。 屬敵兵盛，不敢戰，敏率輕銳援出之。 真宗幸天雄軍，詔敏隸高瓊，使追賊至寧遠軍，以功領涿州刺史。 王均亂西川，從招安使雷有終敗賊於靈池山。 賊平，遷馬步軍都軍頭。
When Li Jilong campaigned against Xiazhou, he asked that Min serve under his command. Min led troops to the west of Shuangtai at Tuokou of Lingzhou, met the enemy, took three thousand heads, and captured sheep, horses, camels, and armor and weapons numbering in the tens of thousands. Jilong reported his achievements, and Min was promoted to Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Loyal Retainers Before the Throne, infantry and cavalry. Before long he again served under Fu Qian at Dingzhou. At the time the Khitan had cut the Puyin road; inside the city were more than a thousand soldiers of the Divine Courage Corps. With the enemy force strong, they dared not fight; Min led picked light troops to break through and bring them out. When Zhenzong visited Tianxiong Army, Min was ordered to serve under Gao Qiong and pursue the raiders as far as Ningyuan Army; for his merit he received the prefecture of Zhuozhou. When Wang Jun rebelled in western Sichuan, Min followed the pacification commissioner Lei Youzhong in defeating the rebels at Lingchi Mountain. After the rebels were crushed, he was promoted to Commander-in-Chief of infantry and cavalry.
51
咸平中，契丹復入寇，敏從王顯為鎮、定先鋒，大敗契丹於遂城西羊山，斬其酋長。 真授單州刺史，後為邢州兵馬鈐轄。 未幾，從王起屯定州，遇契丹於望都，逆戰，斬首二千餘級。 徙北平砦兵馬鈐轄，領騎兵五千以當其衝。
In the Xianping era, when the Khitan again invaded, Min served under Wang Xian as vanguard for Zhen and Ding and routed the Khitan at West Yangshan in Suizhou, beheading their chieftain. He was formally appointed prefect of Shanzhou and later became military control commissioner of Xingzhou. Before long he followed Wang Qi in garrisoning Dingzhou, met the Khitan at Wangdu, gave battle, and took more than two thousand heads. He was transferred to military control commissioner of Beiping Stockade and led five thousand cavalry to block their advance.
52
先是，兩地供輸民多為契丹鄉導，敏自魚臺北悉驅南徙，凡七百餘戶，送定州。 遷北平砦總管，賜御劍，聽以便宜從事。 至是，契丹復入寇，復與敵戰楊村，敗之。 敏諜知契丹主去北平十里蒲陰駐砦，敏夜率銳兵，襲破其營帳。 契丹主大驚，問撻覽曰：「今日戰者誰？」 撻覽曰：「所謂田廂使者。」 契丹主曰：「其鋒銳不可當。」 遂引眾去。
Previously, transport-supply commoners in the border regions had often guided the Khitan; Min drove all of them south from north of Yutai — more than seven hundred households in all — and resettled them at Dingzhou. He was made overall commander of Beiping Stockade, granted the imperial sword, and permitted to act at his discretion. When the Khitan again invaded, he fought them again at Yang Village and defeated them. Learning by espionage that the Khitan ruler had encamped at Puyin ten li from Beiping, Min led picked troops by night and stormed the camp, breaking it. The Khitan ruler was greatly alarmed and asked Talan, "Who fought us today? Talan said, "The one called the Tianxiang envoy." The Khitan ruler said, "His edge is too sharp to withstand." Then he withdrew with his army.
53
敵攻瀛州不下，欲乘虛犯貝、魏，詔敏與魏能、張凝三路兵，入敵境縱擊，以牽其勢。 敏出西路，抵易州南十里，屯師石村，虜獲人畜、鎧仗以萬計。 尋詔三路兵還定州，敏遇敵於鎮州之北馬頭嶺，復大破之。 契丹請和，乃徙敏鎮定路都鈐轄，遷本州團練使，充鎮定路總管。 徙永興軍、陝州，曆鄜延、環慶、鳳翔三路，久之，為環慶路都總管。
Unable to take Yingzhou, the enemy wished to exploit an opening to strike Bei and Wei; an edict ordered Min, Wei Neng, and Zhang Ning to lead three columns into enemy territory and strike freely to check their advance. Min marched by the western route, reached a point ten li south of Yizhou, and encamped at Shicun; he captured men, livestock, and armor and weapons numbering in the tens of thousands. Soon the three columns were ordered back to Dingzhou; north of Matou Ridge in Zhenzhou Min met the enemy again and routed them. When the Khitan sued for peace, Min was made overall military control commissioner of the Zhending Circuit, promoted to regimental commander of the prefecture, and appointed overall commander of the Zhending Circuit. He was transferred to Yongxing Army and Shaanzhou, served in turn on the Yanyan, Huanqing, and Fengxiang circuits, and in time became overall commander of the Huanqing Circuit.
54
時後橋屬羌數擾邊，敏誅違命者十八族，又敗羅骨於三店川，遷鄭州防禦使、涇原路總管，後徙環慶。 坐與部豪往還納賂為不法，降左屯衛大將軍、昭州防禦使。 既而以虢州圍練使知隰州，復為環慶路都總管、儀州防禦使，卒。 敏在邊二十餘年，凡遷授，多以功伐，雖晚不自飭，而朝廷亦優容之。
At the time dependent tribes beyond Houqiao repeatedly raided the frontier; Min executed the disobedient among eighteen clans, again defeated Luogu at Sandian River, was made defender of Zhengzhou and overall commander of the Jingyuan Circuit, and later moved to Huanqing. For exchanging bribes with tribal chiefs and engaging in unlawful conduct, he was demoted to Grand General of the Left Garrison Guard and defender of Zhaozhou. Before long he served as regimental commander of Guozhou while governing Xizhou, again became overall commander of the Huanqing Circuit and defender of Yizhou, and died. Min spent more than twenty years on the frontier, and nearly every promotion came through military achievement; though in his later years he failed to restrain himself, the court still indulged him.
55
侍其曙
—— Shi Qishu ——
56
侍其曙，字景升。 父稹，左監門衛大將軍。 曙少舉進士不第，以父任為殿前承旨，改右班殿直。 咸平中，以閤門祗候為蘇、杭、湖、秀等州都巡檢使。 遷左侍禁，領東西排岸司，與謝德權提舉在京倉草場。 嘗於倉隙地牧牛羊，為德權所訟。 真宗以問德權曰：「牛羊食倉粟邪？」 曙聞而自劾，帝勉諭之。 它日，召曙問：「汝才孰與德權？」 對曰：「德權畏法慎事，臣乃敢於官倉牧牛羊，是不及也。」 人多稱之。
Shi Qishu, whose courtesy name was Jingsheng. His father Zhen served as Grand General of the Left Gate Guard. In youth Shi sat for the jinshi examination without success; through his father's appointment he became Palace Attendant before the Throne Hall and was reassigned as Right Team Palace Attendant. In the Xianping era, as Chamberlain Attendant he served as overall patrol inspector of Su, Hang, Hu, and Xiu prefectures. He was promoted to Left Palace Guard, took charge of the East and West Embankment Offices, and together with Xie Dequan supervised the capital granary hay fields. He once pastured cattle and sheep in the spaces between granaries and was reported by Dequan. Zhenzong asked Dequan, "Did the cattle and sheep eat the granary grain? When Shi heard this he impeached himself; the Emperor comforted him and urged him on. On another day he summoned Shi and asked, "How does your talent compare with Dequan's? He answered, "Dequan fears the law and is careful in affairs; I dared to pasture cattle and sheep in the official granary — in that I fall short." Many people praised him for this.
57
鄂州男子聞人若挫，告其徒永興民李琰將作亂，命曙同度支判官李應機往按之。 至則設方略，捕琰黨三十餘人，皆伏法。 琰辭連己所不快者數十人，一切不問。 青州卒龐德訟其校李緒謀以眾叛，帝疑其誣，又命曙至青州，與通判魏德昇同至劾，無驗，遂棄德市。 知青州張齊賢奏曙擅戮人，帝曰：「不爾，無以安被告者。」 曙還，奏德憚緒治軍嚴，故誣之。 帝擢緒本軍虞候，而進曙東頭供奉官。 初，太宗平河東，建塔於太原故城，塔毀，帝欲新之，遣內待經度，計工二百萬。 帝疑，命曙往，減費十九。 改內殿崇班。
A man of Ezhou named Wenren Ruocuo reported that his follower Li Yan of Yongxing was plotting rebellion; the throne ordered Shi, together with Fiscal Affairs adjudication officer Li Yingji, to investigate. On arrival they laid their plans, captured more than thirty of Yan's followers, and all were executed according to law. Yan's confession implicated several tens of people he disliked, but Shi ignored them all. A soldier of Qingzhou named Pang De accused his company commander Li Xu of plotting to lead the men in rebellion; the Emperor suspected a false charge and again ordered Shi to Qingzhou; together with Vice Prefect Wei Desheng he investigated thoroughly, found no evidence, and had De executed in the marketplace. Prefect of Qingzhou Zhang Qixian memorialized that Shi had executed a man on his own authority; the Emperor said, "Otherwise there would be no way to reassure the accused." When Shi returned he reported that De feared Xu's strict military discipline and therefore falsely accused him. The Emperor promoted Xu to adjutant of his command and advanced Shi to Eastern Head Attendant-in-Waiting. At first, when Taizong pacified Hedong, he built a pagoda in the old city of Taiyuan; when the pagoda was destroyed, the Emperor wished to rebuild it and sent a palace attendant to oversee the work, with labor estimated at two million. The Emperor was doubtful and ordered Shi to go; he reduced the cost by nineteen parts in twenty. He was reassigned as Inner Hall Honored Ban.
58
祥符二年，黎州夷人為亂，詔曙乘驛往招撫，其酋首納款，殺牲為誓。 曙按行鹽井，夷人復叛。 曙率部兵百餘，生擒首領三人，斬首數十級。 因上言蠻阻險拒命，請必加討。 詔知慶州孫正辭、環慶駐泊都監張繼勳領陝西兵，同曙俱進，所至皆降。 曙又言：王師已至而方出，請誅之。 真宗謂王旦曰：「已降而殺之，何以信四夷？」 不許。 夷人平，遷內殿承制，再遷如京副使、知登州。
In the second year of Xiangfu, when the tribesmen of Lizhou rebelled, an edict ordered Shi to go by courier to win them over; their chieftains submitted and slaughtered animals in oath. While Shi was inspecting the salt wells, the tribesmen rebelled again. Shi led more than a hundred troops of his command, captured three chieftains alive, and beheaded several tens. He then submitted that the tribes, relying on rugged terrain, were resisting orders and requested that they be punished without fail. An edict ordered Sun Zhengci, prefect of Qingzhou, and Zhang Jixun, overall garrison supervisor of Huanqing, to lead Shaanxi troops and advance together with Shi; wherever they went all submitted. Shi again said, "They submitted only after the imperial army had arrived — I request that they be executed. Zhenzong said to Wang Dan, "If we kill them after they have submitted, how can the four barbarians trust us? He did not permit it. When the tribesmen were pacified, Shi was promoted to Inner Hall Artisan, and again to Deputy Commissioner for the Capital and prefect of Dengzhou.
59
會歲饑，請漕江、淮米以振貧乏，活者甚眾。 累遷西京作坊使、惠州刺史、知桂州，徙滑州，遷西上閤門使，徙鄆州，提舉在京諸司庫務，卒。 曙為人沈敏，有幹略，善論利害事，朝廷數任使之。
When famine struck that year, he requested grain from the Jiang and Huai regions to relieve the poor; very many lives were saved. Through repeated promotions he became Commissioner of the Western Capital Workshops, prefect of Huizhou, and governor of Guizhou, was transferred to Huazhou, rose to Western Upper Chamberlain Attendant, moved to Yanzhou, took charge of the capital bureaus' storehouses, and died. Shi was deep and keen by nature, possessed practical capacity, was skilled at discussing matters of advantage and harm, and the court repeatedly entrusted him with such tasks.
60
康德輿
—— Kang Deyu ——
61
康德輿，字世基，河南洛陽人。 父贊元，嘗以作坊使從曹光實襲李繼遷，獲其母妻，擢崇儀使、武州刺史。 贊元死，真宗追其功，錄德輿三班奉職，遷右班殿直、涇原路走馬承受，擢閤門祗候。 河齧陽武埽，詔遣德輿完築。 歷開封府西路都巡檢、勾當榷貨務，皆兼領埽事。 改巡護開府等六州黃河堤岸。
Kang Deyu, whose courtesy name was Shiji, came from Luoyang in Henan. His father Zanyuan once served as workshop commissioner under Cao Guangshi in the raid on Li Jiqian, capturing Jiqian's mother and wife; he was promoted to Honored Ceremonies Commissioner and prefect of Wuzhou. When Zanyuan died, Zhenzong recalled his service, enrolled Deyu as Third-Rank Palace Attendant, promoted him to Right Team Palace Attendant and courier of the Jingyuan Circuit, and elevated him to Chamberlain Attendant. When the river gnawed at the Yangwu embankment, an edict dispatched Deyu to complete and repair it. He served in turn as overall frontier inspector of the western route of Kaifeng Prefecture and superintendent of the Monopoly Bureau, in each case also overseeing embankment work. He was reassigned as patrol superintendent of the Yellow River embankments of six prefectures including Kaifu.
62
天聖中，使夏州，賜趙德明冬服。 夏人謂曰：「前康將軍戰靈武者，非先世邪？」 德輿懼其復仇，紿曰：「非也。」 還，勾當汴口，改西頭供奉官。 用樞密使曹利用薦，遷內殿崇班、河陰兵馬都監，建沿汴斗門以節水。 會積雨，汴水將溢，德輿請自京西導水入護龍河，水得不溢。 歷知原州、慶州，益州路兵馬鈐轄，久之，領昭州刺史，徙幷代兵馬鈐轄、管勾麟府路軍馬事。
In the Tiansheng era he was sent on mission to Xiazhou and granted Zhao Deming winter clothing. The Xia said to him, "Was not the former General Kang who fought at Lingwu your ancestor? Deyu feared vengeance and deceived them, saying, "He was not." On his return he supervised the Bian River mouth and was reassigned as Western Head Attendant-in-Waiting. On the recommendation of Bureau of Military Affairs commissioner Cao Liyong, he was promoted to Inner Hall Honored Ban and overall military supervisor of Heyin, and built sluice gates along the Bian to regulate the water. When heavy rains accumulated and the Bian River was about to overflow, Deyu requested diverting water from west of the capital into the Protecting Dragon River, and the flood was averted. He served in turn as prefect of Yuanzhou and Qingzhou and as Military Control Commissioner of Yizhou Circuit; in time he took the governorship of Zhaozhou, then was reassigned as Military Control Commissioner of Bing and Dai with charge of army and horse affairs on the Qinfu Circuit.
63
有蕃部乜羅為殿侍，求錦袍、驛料，德輿不與，乜羅頗出怨言。 後有譖乜羅與賊通，戰則反射漢人，乜羅無以自明，乃謀附賊。 指揮張岊聞之，召乜羅與飲，乜羅泣曰：「我豈附賊者邪？ 蓋逃死耳。」 岊以告德輿：「乜羅叛，信矣，不可不殺。」 元昊方屢入寇，德輿不聽，曰：「今日豈殺蕃部時邪？」 岊曰：「叛者特乜羅，非眾所欲也，請為君召與飲，仆崖谷中，聲言墮馬死，安知漢殺之？」 德輿猶豫不決，以問所親，所親惡岊，短毀之，岊計不得行。
A tribesman named Mi Luo, serving as a palace attendant, requested a brocade robe and relay provisions; Deyu refused, and Mi Luo began to speak bitterly. Later someone accused Mi Luo of colluding with the enemy and of turning his bow on Han troops in battle; unable to prove his innocence, Mi Luo resolved to defect. When Commandant Zhang Jie heard, he invited Mi Luo to drink with him; Mi Luo wept and said, "Do you think I would join the enemy? I only want to run away and save my life." Jie told Deyu, "Mi Luo's defection is real. He must be killed." Yuan Hao was raiding again and again, but Deyu would not heed him. "Is this the moment to kill tribal men?" he said. Jie said, "Only Mi Luo is the rebel, not the rest. Let me summon him to drink, push him over a cliff, and say he fell from his horse — who would know we killed him?" Deyu wavered and consulted his intimates; they hated Jie and slandered him, and Jie's plan came to nothing.
64
知府州折繼閔聞賊將至，以告德輿，德輿怒曰：「君不召之，何以知其來也！」 賊果以乜羅為響導，自後河川入襲府州。 蕃漢欲入城，德輿閉門不納，或降賊，或為賊所殺，不可勝計。 賊既圍府州，德輿與馬步軍副總管王元、兵馬鈐轄楊懷忠按兵不出戰，但移文轉運司調軍食。 轉運副使文彥博籍民輦運，至境以俟，而德輿等終不出。 及陷豐州，才出屯州城數里，三日而還。 居民望見，以謂寇復至，皆棄其所齎，入保城郭。 然朝廷不悉聞，德輿止坐不出戰，降為東染院使、河陽兵馬都監。 尋復昭州刺史、知保州，徙真定府定州路總管，歷知代、石、儀三州，大名府路鈐轄，提舉金堤，累遷西上閤門使。
When Zhe Jimin, prefect of Fuzhou, heard the enemy was near and warned Deyu, Deyu raged: "If you had not called them here, how would you know they were coming?" The enemy did use Mi Luo as their guide, entering through Houhechuan to strike Fuzhou. Tribesmen and Han alike who tried to enter the city found the gates shut against them; some surrendered to the enemy, some were slaughtered — the dead were beyond count. When the enemy besieged Fuzhou, Deyu, Wang Yuan the deputy commander of infantry and cavalry, and Military Control Commissioner Yang Huaizhong kept their armies idle and never fought, sending only dispatches to the transport office for rations. Transport Deputy Commissioner Wen Yanbo conscripted civilians to haul grain; they reached the frontier and waited, but Deyu and his colleagues never emerged. Not until Fengzhou had fallen did they march out and camp a few li from the city — then returned three days later. The townspeople, seeing them from a distance, thought the raiders had returned; they dropped everything they carried and scrambled behind the walls. The court never learned the full story. Deyu was punished only for refusing battle, demoted to Commissioner of the Eastern Dyeing Institute and Commander-in-Chief of army and horse at Heyang. Soon he regained the governorship of Zhaozhou and the prefecture of Baozhou, then became Overall Commander of Dingzhou Circuit under Zhending Prefecture; he served in turn as prefect of Dai, Shi, and Yi, as Military Control Commissioner of Daming Prefecture Circuit, as Superintendent of the Golden Embankment, and rose repeatedly to Western Upper Chamber Attendant.
65
至和中，河決小吳埽，破東堤頓丘口，居民避水者趨堤上，而水至不得達，德輿以巨船五十，順流以濟之，遂免墊溺。 復領果州團練使、知冀州，徙趙州。 有告雲翼卒謀以上元夜劫庫兵為亂，德輿會賓屬燕飲自若，陰遣人捕首謀誅之。 徙陳州鈐轄，卒。
In the Zhihe era the Yellow River burst at Xiao Wu Sao and tore through the eastern dike at Dunqiu Mouth. People fleeing the flood climbed the embankment, only to find the water rising around them with nowhere to go. Deyu sent fifty large boats downstream to carry them off, saving them from drowning. He again held the title of Guozhou regiment commander and governed Jizhou, then was transferred to Zhao prefecture. Word came that soldiers of the Yunyi garrison meant to raid the armory on Lantern Festival night and rise in revolt. Deyu held a banquet for his officers as though nothing were wrong, and in secret had the ringleaders seized and executed. He was reassigned as Military Control Commissioner at Chenzhou, where he died.
66
張昭遠
—— Zhang Zhaoyuan ——
67
張昭遠，字持正，滄州無棣人。 父凝，殿前都虞候、寧州防禦使。 契丹內寇，凝與康保裔伏兵瀛州，陷圍中。 昭遠年十八，挺身掖出之，擢左班殿直、寄班祗候。 每出使還，奏利害，多稱旨。 為忻州都巡檢，改閤門祗候、知狄山軍，管勾河東緣邊安撫司，再遷內殿崇班。
Zhang Zhaoyuan, whose courtesy name was Chizheng, came from Wudi in Cangzhou. His father Ning was Chief Adjutant before the Throne Hall and Defender of Ningzhou. When the Khitan invaded, Ning and Kang Baoyi set an ambush at Yingzhou and were caught in an encirclement. Zhaoyuan was eighteen. He plunged in and dragged them free, and was promoted to Left Team Palace Attendant and Acting Attendant of the Custodial Shift. Each time he returned from a diplomatic mission, he memorialized on what would help or harm the state — and the throne usually approved. He became Chief Frontier Inspector of Xinzhou, then Attendant of the Ministry of Reception and commander of Dishan Army, Superintendent of the Hedong Frontier Pacification Office, and was promoted again to Inner Palace Honored Team Attendant.
68
天禧初，閤門副使缺員，樞密院方奏擬人，真宗曰：「朕有人矣。 張昭遠知邊略，曹儀習朝儀，可並除西上閤門副使。」 俄為河北緣邊安撫副使，尋知瀛州，改東上閤門副使、知定州，以引進副使復知瀛州，遷西上閤門使、知雄州。 獻言歲會四榷場入中銀，帝謂輔臣曰：「先朝置榷場，所以通貨，非所以計貿易之利也。」
Early in the Tianxi era a Deputy Chamber Attendant's post fell vacant; the Bureau of Military Affairs was drawing up nominations when Emperor Zhenzong said, "I already have someone in mind. Zhang Zhaoyuan understands the frontier, and Cao Yi knows court ritual — appoint them both Western Upper Deputy Chamber Attendants." He was soon made Deputy Frontier Pacification Commissioner on the Hebei border, then prefect of Yingzhou; he became Eastern Upper Deputy Chamber Attendant and prefect of Dingzhou, returned as Deputy Introduction Commissioner to govern Yingzhou again, and was promoted to Western Upper Chamber Attendant and prefect of Xiongzhou. He suggested reporting each year the silver tendered at the four frontier markets. The Emperor told his ministers, "The earlier court set up these markets to keep goods flowing — not to count trade profits."
69
會大雨，陂塘大溢，昭遠勒兵築長堤，以捍其衝。 徙鄜延路兵馬鈐轄，進都鈐轄，築堡成平川。 領忠州刺史、知成德軍，遷四方館使。 滹沱河決，壞城郭，乃修五關城，外環以堤，民至今為利。 擢捧日天武四廂都指揮使、新州防禦使，歷步軍馬軍都虞候、嘉州防禦使，知代州。 召還，改莫州防禦使，罷管軍，授左龍武軍大將軍、昭州防禦使，卒。 特贈應州觀察使。
Heavy rains swelled the ponds and reservoirs until they threatened to burst; Zhaoyuan pressed his soldiers into building a long dike to hold the flood back. He was transferred to Military Control Commissioner of Fuyan Circuit, promoted to Overall Military Control Commissioner, and built the fortress at Chengpingchuan. He held the governorship of Zhongzhou and command of the Chengde Army, and was promoted to Agent of the Four Directions Hall. When the Hutuo River broke and wrecked the walls and towns, he rebuilt Wuguan City and ringed it with an outer dike — a work the people still profit from today. He rose to Overall Commander of the Four Divisions of the Holding-Sun and Heaven Martial Corps and Defender of Xinzhou, then served in turn as Chief Adjutant of infantry and cavalry, Defender of Jiazhou, and prefect of Daizhou. Recalled to court, he was made Defender of Mozhou, stripped of field command, and given the posts of Grand General of the Left Dragon Martial Army and Defender of Zhaozhou; he died in office. The court specially posthumously granted him Regimental Commissioner of Yingzhou.
70
論曰：郭諮以其智巧材略，自見於功利之間，有足稱者。 曙，抑其次也，餘皆碌碌者矣。 如方之禦寇，鑒之料敵，王果持法峭深，治軍嚴辦，茲其長也。 田敏屢有戰功，而貪墨敗度，幸容於時。 李渭治無遠略，一失機會，關中兵禍，數年不解。 德輿閉城以棄其民，昭遠計榷場所入，焉知聖人懷柔之意哉。
Commentary: Guo Zi had wit, skill, and strategic talent; in the realm of practical gain he showed enough to be worth naming. Shi Qishu comes next, and after that the rest were undistinguished. Shi Fang knew how to hold off invaders; Lu Jian knew how to read the enemy; Wang Guo enforced the law with stern exactitude and ran his army with tight discipline — these were their gifts. Tian Min won battle honors again and again, yet greed and corruption undid him — and the age indulged him nonetheless. Li Wei governed without long vision; one lost chance brought years of military calamity to Guanzhong with no end in sight. Deyu barred the gates and cast his people aside; Zhaoyuan counted the income from frontier markets — what did either know of the sage's way of winning hearts through gentleness?