1
郝質賈逵竇舜卿劉昌祚盧政燕達姚兕弟:麟子:雄古楊燧劉舜卿宋守約子:球
Hao Zhi; Jia Kui; Dou Shunqing; Liu Changzuo; Lu Zheng; Yan Da; Yao Si, and his younger brother Lin; his sons Xiong and Gu; Yang Sui; Liu Shunqing; Song Shouyue and his son Qiu
2
郝質，字景純，汾州介休人。 少從軍，挽強為第一。 充殿前行門，換供奉官，為府州駐泊都監，主管麟府軍馬，與田朏將兵護軍須饋麟州，道遇西夏數千騎寇鈔，質先驅力戰，斬首、獲馬數百。 又與朏行邊，至柏穀，敵塹道以阻官軍，質禦之於寒嶺下，轉鬥逐北，遂修復甯遠諸柵，以扼賊沖。 宣撫使杜衍、安撫使明鎬連薦之，且條上前後功狀，超遷內殿承制、並代路都監。 大名賈昌朝又薦為路鈐轄。
Hao Zhi, whose courtesy name was Jingchun, came from Jiexiu in Fen Prefecture. He joined the army while still young and was unmatched in drawing the heavy bow. He served as a Palace Directorate gate guard, then exchanged that post for a Residency Attendant commission and was made Garrison Supervisor at Fuzhou, in charge of the Lin Prefecture cavalry. With Tian Fei he led troops escorting army supplies to Lin Prefecture. On the march they met several thousand Western Xia horsemen on a looting raid. Zhi rode at the front and fought hard, killing many and seizing several hundred horses. On another frontier patrol with Fei they reached Bai Valley, where the enemy had dug trenches across the road to stop the imperial forces. Zhi held them at bay below Han Ridge, then turned, fought, and drove them north. He went on to rebuild the Ningyuan stockades and choke off the enemy's line of advance. Commissioner Du Yan and Pacification Commissioner Ming Hao recommended him again and again, setting out his record of service in detail. He was promoted ahead of schedule to Inner Hall Commissioner and Superintendent of the Bingdai Circuit. Jia Changchao of Daming also recommended him for appointment as Circuit Intendant.
3
使討貝州，文彥博至，命部城西。 回河上有亭甚壯，彥博慮為賊焚，遣小校藺千守，而質使千往他營度戰具，千辭，質曰：「亭焚，吾任其責。」 千去而亭焚。 彥博將斬千，質趨至帳下曰：「千之去，質實使之，罪乃在質，願代千死。」 彥博壯其義，兩釋之。 質自此益知名。
When he was dispatched to suppress Beizhou, Wen Yanbo arrived and ordered his forces to take position west of the city. A fine pavilion stood on the bend of the river. Yanbo feared the rebels might burn it and posted a junior officer, Lan Qian, to guard it. Zhi then sent Qian to another camp to inspect the battle gear. When Qian refused, Zhi said, "If the pavilion burns, the blame is mine." Qian went, and the pavilion was burned. Yanbo was about to execute Qian. Zhi rushed to the command tent and said, "I am the one who sent Qian away. The fault is mine, and I ask to die in his place." Yanbo was moved by his sense of honor and released them both. From then on Zhi's reputation grew still greater.
4
質禦軍有紀律，犯者不貸，而享犒豐渥，公錢不足，出己奉助之。 平居自奉簡儉，食不重肉，篤于信義。 田朏不振而死，為表揭前功，官其一孫。 在并州，與朝士董熙善，約為婚姻。 熙死，家貧無依，質已為節度使，竟以女歸董氏。 自為官，不上伐閱，從微至貴，皆以功次遷雲。
He commanded his troops with strict discipline and showed no mercy to offenders, yet he lavished rewards and feasts on his men. When the public funds ran short, he paid the difference out of his own salary. In private life he lived simply, never serving more than one kind of meat at a meal, and he was steadfast in honor and loyalty. When Tian Fei died in poverty and obscurity, Zhi submitted a memorial recounting his past service, and one of Fei's grandsons was granted an official appointment. While stationed at Bingzhou he became close to the court official Dong Xi, and the two arranged a marriage between their families. When Xi died, his family was left poor and without support. Though Zhi had by then become a military commissioner, he still gave his daughter in marriage to the Dong family as promised. Throughout his career he never trumpeted his own accomplishments. From the lowest ranks to the highest honors, every step came through merit and seniority alone.
5
賈逵，真定槁城人。 隸拱聖為卒，至殿前班副都知，換西染院副使。 從狄青征儂智高，戰於歸仁驛。 既陳，青誓眾曰：「不待令而舉者斬！」 時左將孫節戰死，逵為右將軍先鋒將，私念所部兵數困易衄，兵法先據高者勝，苟復待命而賊乘勝先登，吾事去矣。 即日引軍趨山。 既定，賊至，逵麾眾馳下，仗劍大呼，斷賊為二。 賊首尾不相救，遂潰。 逵詣青請罪，青拊其背勞謝之。 邕州城空，青使逵入括公私遺墜，固辭。 是時，將校多以搜城故匿竊金寶，獨逵無所犯。 遷西染院使、嘉州刺史、秦鳳路鈐轄。
Jia Kui came from Gaocheng in Zhending. He entered service as a soldier in the Gongsheng Army, rose to Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Palace Directorate Guard, and then exchanged that post for a commission as Vice Commissioner of the Western Dyeing Bureau. He followed Di Qing against Nong Zhigao and fought at Guiren Post Station. Once the army was drawn up, Qing addressed the troops: "Anyone who moves before the order is given will be executed!" By then the left-wing general Sun Jie had fallen in battle. Kui commanded the vanguard of the right wing. He thought to himself: his men had been worn down again and again and were prone to collapse. According to the art of war, victory goes to whoever holds the high ground first. If they waited again for orders while the enemy, emboldened by victory, seized the heights, all would be lost. That same day he led his troops up the slope. When his men were in place and the enemy came up, Kui ordered a downhill charge. Sword in hand, he shouted and split the enemy column in two. Cut off from one another, front and rear, the enemy broke and fled. Kui went to Qing to accept punishment. Qing clapped him on the back, praised his judgment, and thanked him. Yongzhou lay empty. Qing ordered Kui to enter the city and gather abandoned public and private property, but he firmly refused. At the time many officers used the city search as cover to keep gold and jewels for themselves. Kui alone took nothing. He was promoted to Commissioner of the Western Dyeing Bureau, Prefect of Jia Prefecture, and Intendant of the Qinfeng Circuit.
6
初，逵少孤，厚賂繼父，得其母奉以歸。 至是，以母老辭，不許，而賜母冠帔。 秦山多巨木，與夏人錯壤，逵引輕兵往採伐。 羌酋馳至，畫地立表約決勝負。 逵引弓連三中的，酋下馬拜伏，從逵取盈而歸。 徙並代路，專主管麟府軍馬。 熟戶散處邊關，苦於寇略，逵差度遠近，聚為二十七堡，次第相望，自是害乃息。 畫鐵為的，激種豪使射，久皆成勁兵。 一夕，烽火屢發，左右白當起，逵臥不應。 旦而謂人曰：「此必妄也。 脫有警，可夜出乎？」 徐問之，果邊人燭遺物也。 復徙秦鳳，去之十日，而代者郭恩敗。 朝廷以逵為能，連擢捧日天武四廂都指揮使、馬步殿前都虞候，曆涇原、高陽關、鄜延路副都總管，以利州觀察使入為步軍副都指揮使。
In his youth Kui had lost his father. He paid his stepfather a large sum, recovered his mother, and brought her home to support her. Now he asked to retire because his mother was old. The court refused, but granted his mother the ceremonial cap and robe of a court lady. Qin Mountain was rich in great timber, and its lands bordered those of the Xia. Kui led a light force there to harvest wood. A Qiang chieftain rode up, marked out a line on the ground, and challenged him to settle the matter by contest. Kui drew his bow and hit the mark three times in a row. The chieftain dismounted, bowed to the ground, and then followed Kui back with a full load of timber. He was transferred to the Bingdai Circuit and put in sole charge of the Lin Prefecture cavalry. Acculturated frontier households were scattered along the passes and suffered constant raids. Kui measured distances and gathered them into twenty-seven forts, each within sight of the next. After that the raids largely stopped. He set up iron targets and spurred the tribal leaders to practice archery. In time they all became crack troops. One night the beacon fires flared again and again. His attendants told him he should mobilize, but Kui stayed in bed and paid no heed. At dawn he told his men, "This has to be a false alarm. If there were a real attack, could we even sortie at night?" When he looked into it more closely, it turned out that frontier people had set fire to abandoned goods with their candles. He was transferred back to Qinfeng. Ten days after he left, his successor Guo En suffered a defeat. The court judged Kui highly capable and promoted him in quick succession: Commander-in-Chief of the four companies of the Sun-supporting Heavenly Martial Guard, Chief Adjutant of the Palace Cavalry and Infantry, Deputy Overall Commander on the Jingyuan, Gaoyang Pass, and Fuyan circuits, and finally, as Observation Commissioner of Li Prefecture, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Infantry in the capital.
7
都城西南水暴溢，注安上門，都水監以急變聞。 英宗遣逵督護，亟囊土塞門，水乃止。 議者欲穴堤以泄其勢，逵請觀水所行，諭居民徙高避水，然後決之。 軍校營城外者，每常朝，即未曉啟門鑰，或輟朝失報，啟鑰如平時。 逵言：「禁城當謹啟閉，不宜憑報者。」 乃冶鐵鑄「常朝」字，俾持以示信。
Floods burst out southwest of the capital and surged toward Anshang Gate. The Directorate of Waterways reported the crisis. Emperor Yingzong sent Kui to take charge. His men quickly filled sacks with earth and blocked the gate, and the flood subsided. Some advisers wanted to cut the dike to release the pressure. Kui asked first to trace the water's course, tell the residents to move to higher ground, and only then breach the dike. Officers camped outside the city would unlock the gates before dawn on every regular court day; if court was canceled and no notice came, they still opened them as usual. Kui said, "The imperial city must be opened and closed with strict discipline. We should not depend on word from messengers." He had iron cast with the characters for "Regular Court" so the bearer could show proof.
8
遷馬軍副都指揮使，復總鄜延兵。 延州舊有夾河兩城，始，元吳入寇據險，城幾不能守。 逵相伏龍山、九州台之間可容窺覘，請於其地築保障，與城相望，延人以為便。 轉昭信軍節度觀察留後。 逵言：「種諤處綏州降人於東偏，初雲萬三千戶，今乃千一百戶耳，逋逃之餘，所存才八百。 蕃漢兩下殺傷，皆不啻萬計。 自延州運粟至懷寧，率以四百錢致一石。 而緣邊居人，壯者但日給一升，罔冒何至大半。 諤徒欲妄興邊事以自為功，不可不察也。」 元豐初，拜建武軍節度使、殿前都指揮使。 請不俟郊赦賜三世官，神宗曰：「逵武人，能有念親之志，其特許之。」 數月而卒，年六十九。 贈侍中，諡曰武恪。
He was made Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Cavalry and again placed in overall command of the Fuyan army. Yan Prefecture had long had twin cities on either side of the river. When Yuan Hao invaded and seized the high ground, the cities were nearly lost. Kui found that the ground between Fulong Mountain and Jiuzhou Terrace offered good lines of sight and asked to build defensive posts there within view of the cities. The people of Yan Prefecture welcomed the change. He was made Acting Military Commissioner and Observation Commissioner of the Zhaoxin Army. Kui said, "Zhong E settled the Suizhou surrenderers on the eastern side. They were first said to number thirteen thousand households; now there are only eleven hundred. After desertions and flight, barely eight hundred remain. Casualties on both the tribal and Han sides ran to tens of thousands. Moving grain from Yan Prefecture to Huaining cost on average four hundred cash per shi. Yet frontier residents were rationed only one sheng a day for each able-bodied man, and fraudulent claims consumed more than half the supply. E and his followers want to stir up border trouble for their own credit. That cannot be ignored." At the start of the Yuanfeng era he was made Military Commissioner of the Jianwu Army and Commander-in-Chief of the Palace Directorate. He asked that offices be granted to three generations of his family without waiting for the suburban amnesty. Emperor Shenzong said, "Kui is a soldier, yet he still remembers his family. Grant his request." A few months later he died, at the age of sixty-nine. He was posthumously made Palace Attendant and given the posthumous name Wuke, "Steadfast in War."
9
竇舜卿
Dou Shunqing
10
竇舜卿，字希元，相州安陽人。 以蔭為三班奉職，監平鄉縣酒稅。 有僧欲授以化汞為白金之術，謝曰：「吾祿足養親，不願學也。」 辟府州兵馬監押。 夏人犯塞，舜卿欲襲擊，舉烽求援于大將王凱，凱弗應。 舜卿度事急，提州兵出戰，勝之。 明日，經略使問狀，凱懼，要以同出為報。 舜卿歡然相許，不自以為功。 為青淄路都監。 海盜行劫，執博昌鎮官吏，肆剽掠，舜卿募士三百，悉擒之。 使契丹，主客馬祐言：「昔先公客省善射，君當傳家法。」 置酒請射，舜卿發輒中。 祐使奴持二弓示之，一挽皆折。
Dou Shunqing, whose courtesy name was Xiyuan, came from Anyang in Xiang Prefecture. Through hereditary privilege he received a Third-Rank Attendant appointment and supervised the wine tax at Pingxiang County. A monk offered to teach him how to turn mercury into silver. He declined, saying, "My salary is enough to support my parents. I have no wish to learn that." He was appointed Supervisor of Cavalry and Horses at Fuzhou. When the Xia raided the frontier, Shunqing wanted to counterattack. He lit the beacons and asked the senior general Wang Kai for help, but Kai did not respond. Judging the situation urgent, Shunqing led the prefectural troops out and won the battle. The next day the frontier commissioner asked for an account of the action. Kai, fearing blame, insisted they report that he had sortied with Shunqing. Shunqing agreed readily and did not claim the credit for himself. He was made Superintendent of the Qingzi Circuit. Sea pirates raided the coast, seized the officials of Bochang Town, and looted freely. Shunqing raised three hundred men and captured them all. On a mission to the Khitan, the Master of Guests Ma You said, "Your late father, once a guest of the Ministry of Rites, was famed for his archery. You must carry on the family art." He set out wine and invited him to shoot. Shunqing's every shot found its mark. You had a servant bring out two bows. Shunqing drew each one and snapped it.
11
湖北蠻徭彭仕羲叛，徙為鈐轄，兼知辰州。 建請築州城，不擾而辦。 帥師取富州，蠻將萬年州據石狗崖。 舜卿選壯卒奮擊，蠻矢石交下，卒蒙盾直前，發強弩射，萬年州斃於崖下，遂拔之。 左右欲盡剿其眾，舜卿不許，曰：「仕羲願內附，特為此輩所脅，今死矣，何以多殺為？」 引兵入北江，仕羲降。 擢康州刺史，加龍神衛、捧日天武四廂指揮使、馬軍殿前都虞候，三遷邕州觀察使，曆邠甯環慶路副都總管。 熙甯中，十上章求退，且丐易文階。 改刑部侍郎，提舉嵩山崇福宮。 以光祿大夫致仕，再轉金紫光祿大夫，卒，年八十八。 諡曰康敏。
When the Man and Yao chieftain Peng Shixi rebelled in Hubei, Shunqing was transferred to Circuit Intendant and concurrently made Prefect of Chen Prefecture. He petitioned to build the prefectural city walls, and the work was finished without troubling the populace. He led his army to take Fu Prefecture, where the tribal general Wannianzhou held Shigou Cliff. Shunqing chose his strongest men for a hard assault. Arrows and stones poured down from the cliff. His soldiers advanced under their shields, then loosed powerful crossbows. Wannianzhou was killed below the cliff, and the position was taken. His officers wanted to wipe out the whole force, but Shunqing refused. He said, "Shixi wanted to submit and was only forced along by these men. Their leader is dead now — why kill any more?" He marched into the Northern River region, and Shixi surrendered. He was promoted to Prefect of Kang Prefecture, made Commander of the Dragon Spirit Guard and of the four companies of the Sun-supporting Heavenly Martial Guard, Chief Adjutant of the Palace Cavalry, thrice promoted to Observation Commissioner of Yong Prefecture, and served as Deputy Overall Commander on the Binning-Huanqing Circuit. During the Xining era he submitted ten memorials asking to retire and sought to exchange his military rank for a civil one. He was made Vice Minister of Justice and Superintendent of the Chongfu Palace on Mount Song. He retired with the rank of Grandee of Splendid Happiness, was later promoted to Grandee of the Gold Seal and Purple Ribbon, and died at the age of eighty-eight. He was given the posthumous name Kangmin, "Healthy and Keen."
12
劉昌祚
Liu Changzuo
13
劉昌祚，字子京，真定人。 父賀，戰沒於定川。 錄為右班殿直，主秦州威遠砦。 青唐聚兵井鹽，經年不散。 昌祚奉帥命往詰之，諸酋曰：「聞漢家欲取吾鹽井。」 昌祚曰：「國家富有四海，何至與汝爭此邪？」 與酋俱來，犒賚之，歡然帥眾去。 遷西路都巡檢。 使遼還，神宗臨試馳射，授通事舍人。 夏人寇劉溝堡，昌祚領騎二千出援。 虜伏萬騎於黑山而偽遁，卒遇之，戰不解。 薄暮，大酋突而前，昌祚抽矢，一發殪之，餘眾悉遁。 帥李師中上其功曰：「西事以來，以寡抗眾，未有如昌祚者。」 知階州，討平毋家等族，又平疊州。 轉作坊使，為熙河路都監。
Liu Changzuo, whose courtesy name was Zijing, came from Zhending. His father He was killed in battle at Dingchuan. Changzuo was granted a Right-Rank Palace Attendant appointment and put in charge of Weiyuan Stockade in Qin Prefecture. Qingtang tribesmen massed at the salt wells and held the ground for a full year. On his commander's orders Changzuo went to question them. The chieftains said, "We hear the Han court wants to take our salt wells." Changzuo replied, "The empire owns all within the four seas. Why would it stoop to quarrel with you over this?" He returned with the chieftains, rewarded them generously, and they led their followers away in good spirits. He was made Overall Inspector of the Western Route. After returning from a mission to Liao, he was tested by Emperor Shenzong in mounted archery and appointed Master of Ceremonies for Foreign Affairs. When the Xia attacked Liugou Fort, Changzuo led two thousand cavalry out to relieve it. The enemy had ten thousand horsemen lying in ambush at Black Mountain and feigned a retreat; when the two sides suddenly met, the fighting dragged on without resolution. At dusk a great chieftain charged forward; Changzuo nocked an arrow and dropped him with a single shot, and the rest fled in panic. The regional commander Li Shizhong reported his achievement, saying, "Since the western campaigns began, no one has matched Changzuo in fighting a larger force with fewer men." He was appointed prefect of Jie Prefecture, where he suppressed the Wujia and other clans and also pacified Die Prefecture. He was made Workshop Commissioner and Overall Supervisor of the Xihe Circuit.
14
從王中正入蜀，破篳篥羌。 加皇城使、榮州刺史、秦鳳路鈐轄，又加西上閣門使、果州團練使，知河州。 元豐四年，為涇原副都總管。 王師西征，詔與總管姚麟率蕃漢兵五萬，受環慶高遵裕節制。 今兩路合軍以出，既入境，而慶兵不至。 昌祚出胡盧川，次磨齊隘，夏眾十萬扼險不可前。 昌祚挾兩盾先登，夏人小卻，師乘之，斬首千七百級。 進次鳴沙川，取其窖粟，遂薄靈州。 城未及闔，先鋒奪門幾入，遵裕馳遣使止之，昌祚曰：「城不足下，脫朝廷謂我爭功，奈何？」 命按甲勿攻。 是夕，慶兵始距城三十里而軍，遇敵接戰，昌祚遣數千騎赴之。 遲明，賊已退，遂謁遵裕，遵裕訝應援之緩，有誅昌祚意。 既見，問下城如何，昌祚曰：「比欲攻城，以幕府在後未敢。 前日磨齊之戰，夏眾退保東關，若乘銳破之，城必自下。」 遵裕弗內，曰：「吾夜以萬人負土囊傅壘，至旦入矣。」 怒未解，欲奪其兵付姚麟，麟不敢受，乃已。 明日，遣昌祚巡營，凡所得馬糧，悉為慶兵所取，涇師忿噪。 遵裕圍城十八日，不能下，夏人決七級渠以灌遵裕師，軍遂潰。 即南還，復命涇師為殿。 昌祚手劍水上，待眾濟然後行，為虜所及，戰退之。 至渭州，糧盡，士爭入，無復行伍，坐貶永興軍鈐轄。
He followed Wang Zhongzheng into Shu and routed the Bili Qiang. He was promoted to Imperial City Commissioner, prefect of Rong Prefecture, and Brigade Commander of the Qinfeng Circuit, and later also made Western Upper Gate Commissioner, militia commissioner of Guo Prefecture, and prefect of He Prefecture. In the fourth year of the Yuanfeng era, he became deputy overall commander of Jingyuan. When the imperial forces marched west, an edict ordered him and overall commander Yao Lin to lead fifty thousand tribal and Han troops under the command of Gao Zunyu of Huanqing. The two columns were to unite and advance together, but once they had crossed the border the Huanqing troops still had not appeared. Changzuo advanced through Huluchuan and encamped at Moqi Pass, where a hundred thousand Xia troops blocked the defile and barred the way forward. Changzuo, wielding two shields, was first up the slope; the Xia fell back slightly, the army pressed in, and took seventeen hundred heads. He marched on to Mingsha River, seized their hidden grain stores, and advanced to the walls of Lingzhou. Before the gates could be shut, the vanguard almost burst through; Zunyu sent a messenger at full gallop to halt them. Changzuo said, "The city cannot be taken in time—and if the court accuses us of competing for credit, what then?" He ordered the men to stand down and not assault the walls. That night the Huanqing troops at last made camp thirty li from the city, clashed with the enemy, and Changzuo sent several thousand cavalry to their relief. Near daybreak the enemy had already withdrawn; Changzuo went to see Zunyu, who was angered by the tardy relief and meant to have Changzuo put to death. When they met, Zunyu asked why the city had not been taken. Changzuo said, "I had meant to storm it, but with your headquarters still behind me I did not dare. At Moqi the Xia fell back to East Gate—if we had struck while their spirit was broken, the city would have surrendered itself." Zunyu would not hear of it and said, "I was preparing to have ten thousand men carry sacks of earth and raise the ramparts overnight—we would have been inside by dawn." Still furious, he tried to strip Changzuo of command and transfer the troops to Yao Lin, but Lin declined to accept, and the matter was dropped. The next day he sent Changzuo to inspect the camps, but every horse and ration seized was taken by the Huanqing troops, and the Jing soldiers erupted in outrage. Zunyu besieged the city for eighteen days without success; the Xia breached the Seven-Level Canal and flooded his camp, and the army broke and fled. They withdrew south at once, and once again the Jing troops were ordered to cover the retreat. Changzuo stood in the water with his sword drawn, holding the crossing until every man was over before he moved; the enemy caught up and he fought them off. When they reached Weizhou the food was gone; soldiers fought to get inside the walls and the columns dissolved entirely, for which he was demoted to Brigade Commander of the Yongxing Army.
15
明年，復徙涇原，加龍、神衛四廂都指揮使，知延州。 時永樂方陷，士氣不振，昌祚先修馬政，令軍中校技擊，優者乃給焉。 自義合至德靖砦，綿互七百里，堡壘疏密不齊，烽燧不相應。 昌祚度屯戍險易、地望遠近、事力強弱，立為定式，上諸朝。 夏人寇塞門、安遠砦，拒破之，殺其統軍葉悖麻、咩吪埋二人，蓋始謀攻永樂者。 圖其形以獻。 帝喜，遣近侍勞軍。
The following year he was transferred back to Jingyuan, promoted to Overall Commander of the Dragon and Divine Guard, and made prefect of Yan Prefecture. Yongle had just fallen and morale was shattered; Changzuo first overhauled the horse policy, requiring troops to compete in martial skill—only the best were issued mounts. From Yihe to Dejing Stockade the line ran seven hundred li, with forts unevenly spaced and beacons that could not signal one another. Changzuo surveyed each post for terrain, distance, and available strength, drew up fixed standards, and submitted the plan to court. When the Xia attacked Saimen and Anyuan stockades he drove them off and killed their generals Ye Poma and Mie'aimai—the very men who had first planned the strike on Yongle. He had portraits drawn and sent them to the throne. The emperor was delighted and sent a palace attendant to congratulate the troops.
16
哲宗立，進步軍都虞候、雄州團練使、知渭州，曆馬軍殿前都虞候。 渭地宜牧養，故時弓箭手人授田二頃，有馬者復增給之，謂之「馬口分地」。 其後馬死不補，而據地自若。 昌祚按舉其法，不二年，耗為復初。 又括隴山間田得萬頃，募士卒五千，別置將統之，勁悍出諸軍右。 朝廷歸夏人四砦，昌祚以為不可。 再遷殿前副都指揮使、冀州觀察使、武康軍節度使。 卒，年六十八。 贈開府儀同三司，諡曰毅肅。
When Emperor Zhezong took the throne, Changzuo was promoted to Adjutant of the Foot Army, militia commissioner of Xiong Prefecture, and prefect of Wei Prefecture, and later served as Adjutant of the Mounted Army at the Palace Command. Wei was good grazing country; bowmen had once been granted two qing apiece, with extra allotments for those who kept horses—a system called "horse-quota land." Later, when horses died they were not replaced, yet the holders kept the land anyway. Changzuo investigated and enforced the regulations; within two years the system was restored to what it had been. He also consolidated ten thousand qing of farmland in the Long Mountains, recruited five thousand soldiers under specially appointed commanders, and trained a force fiercer than any in the region. When the court returned four stockades to the Xia, Changzuo argued that it was a mistake. He was further promoted to Deputy Overall Commander of the Palace Guard, observation commissioner of Ji Prefecture, and military commissioner of the Wukang Army. He died at the age of sixty-eight. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Grandee of the State with Honors Equal to the Three Excellencies, with the posthumous name Yisu, "Resolute and Solemn."
17
昌祚氣貌雄偉，最善騎射，箭出百步之外。 夏人得箭以為神，持歸事之。 所著《射法》行於世。
Changzuo was imposing in bearing and unmatched in mounted archery—his arrows carried more than a hundred paces. Xia warriors who recovered his arrows treated them as sacred relics and carried them home as objects of veneration. His treatise 《Archery Methods》 circulated widely.
18
盧政，太原文水人。 以神衛都頭從劉平與夏人戰延州。 虜薄西南隅，兵不得成列，政引數騎挑戰，發伏弩二百射卻之。 日且暮，政說平曰：「今處山間，又逼汙澤，宜速退保後山，須明決鬥； 不然，彼夜出，乘高蹙我，何以禦之？」 平不聽，遂敗。 政脫身歸，黃德和誣平降賊，仁宗引政問狀，政言：「平被執，非降也。」 因自陳失主將當死。 帝義其言，赦之，以為供奉官、德州兵馬監押。 預討貝州，率勇敢數百人，飛繯絓堞而登，守者莫能亢，大軍乘之以入。 遷內殿承制。 南征儂智高，亦有功。
Lu Zheng was a native of Wenshui in Taiyuan. As a company leader in the Divine Guard he served under Liu Ping against the Xia at Yan Prefecture. When the enemy pressed the southwest corner and the lines could not hold, Zheng led a few horsemen out to challenge them and drove them back with two hundred hidden crossbows. As dusk approached, Zheng urged Ping, "We are in the hills and trapped against a swamp—we should fall back at once and hold the high ground to the rear, and only settle this at dawn in open battle; otherwise they will strike by night from above and crush us—how will we hold them off?" Ping would not listen, and they were routed. Zheng got away and reported back; Huang Dehe accused Liu Ping of defecting to the enemy. Emperor Renzong summoned Zheng to testify, and Zheng said, "Ping was captured—it was not a surrender." He added that having lost his commander, he deserved to die. The emperor admired his loyalty, pardoned him, and appointed him Palace Attendant and military supervisor of De Prefecture. In the campaign against Bei Prefecture he led several hundred picked men who scaled the walls with grappling hooks; the defenders could not stop them, and the main force poured in behind. He was promoted to Inner Palace Commissioner. He also distinguished himself in the southern campaign against Nong Zhigao.
19
曆秦鳳、高陽關都鈐轄。 治平、熙寧中，為捧日、天武四廂都指揮使三衛都虞候、副都指揮使，涇原、定州、並代、真定四路副都總管，累轉祁州團練、昌州防禦、黔州觀察使。 拜武泰軍節度使，政時年七十三，氣貌不衰，侍立殿下，雖久無惰容，能上馬踴躍，觀者壯之。 早朝暴卒，贈開府儀同三司。
He served as Brigade Commander of Qinfeng and of Gaoyang Pass in turn. Under Emperors Yingzong and Shenzong he rose to Overall Commander of the Sun-Bearer and Heaven-Warrior Guards, Adjutant of the Three Guards and deputy overall commander, and deputy overall commander of the Jingyuan, Dingzhou, Bingdai, and Zhending circuits, eventually becoming militia commissioner of Qi Prefecture, defense commissioner of Chang Prefecture, and observation commissioner of Qian Prefecture. He was made military commissioner of the Wutai Army at the age of seventy-three, still vigorous in bearing; he could stand on ceremony for hours without tiring, mount a horse with a spring in his step—and those who watched admired his stamina. He died suddenly while attending early court and was posthumously enfeoffed as Grandee of the State with Honors Equal to the Three Excellencies.
20
燕達，字逢辰，開封人。 為兒時，與儕輩戲，輒為軍陳行列狀，長老異之。 既長，容體魁梧，善騎射。 以材武隸禁籍，授內殿崇班，為延州巡檢，戍懷寧砦。 夏人三萬騎薄城，戰竟日不決，達所部止五百人，躍馬奮擊，所向披靡。 擢鄜延都監，數帥兵深入敵境，九戰皆以勝歸。 囉兀之棄走，遣達援取戍卒輜重，為賊所邀，且戰且南，失亡頗多。 神宗以達孤軍遇敵，所全亦不為少，累遷西上閣門使、領英州刺史，為秦鳳副總管。 討破河州羌，遂降木征。 遷東上閣門使、副都總管，真拜忠州刺史、龍神衛四廂都指揮使。
Yan Da, courtesy name Fengchen, was a native of Kaifeng. As a boy at play with his companions he would always set out mock battle lines; the elders thought it strange. Grown to manhood he was tall and powerfully built, and excelled at mounted archery. His ability earned him a place in the palace guard rolls; he was made an Honorary Attendant of the Inner Palace, appointed inspector of Yan Prefecture, and posted to Huaining Stockade. Thirty thousand Xia cavalry pressed the walls; the fighting lasted all day without decision. Da had only five hundred men under his command, yet he charged in wherever he rode and broke every line he met. He was promoted to Overall Supervisor of the Fuyan circuit and repeatedly led raids deep into enemy country—nine engagements, nine victories. When Luowu was abandoned and the garrison fled, Da was sent to retrieve the men and their baggage; the enemy waylaid him, and he fought his way south with heavy casualties. Emperor Shenzong noted that Da, fighting alone against the enemy, had still saved a substantial force, and promoted him repeatedly—to Western Upper Gate Commissioner, acting prefect of Ying Prefecture, and deputy overall commander of Qinfeng. He defeated the He Prefecture Qiang and accepted the surrender of Muzheng. He was made Eastern Upper Gate Commissioner and deputy overall commander, then formally appointed prefect of Zhong Prefecture and Overall Commander of the Dragon and Divine Guard.
21
郭逵招討安南，為行營馬步軍副都總管。 入辭，神宗諭之曰：「卿名位已重，不必親矢石，第激勉將土可也。」 達頓首謝曰：「臣得憑威靈滅賊，雖死何憚！」 初度嶺，聞前鋒遇敵苦戰，欲往援，偏校有言當先為家計然後進者，達曰：「彼戰已危，詎忍為自全計。」 下令敢言安營者斬。 乃卷甲趨之，士皆自奮，傳呼太尉來，蠻驚潰，即定廣源。 師次富良江，蠻艤鬥船于南岸，欲戰不得，達默計曰：「兵法致人而不致於人，吾示之以虛，彼必來戰。」 已而蠻果來，擊之，大敗，乃請降。 師還，拜榮州防禦使。 以主帥得罪而獨蒙賞，乞同責，不聽。
When Guo Kui was appointed to pacify Annam, Da served as his deputy overall commander of the field army, horse and foot. When he came to take leave of the throne, Emperor Shenzong told him, "Your rank is high enough—you need not expose yourself to arrow and stone; stir up the troops and that will suffice." Da kowtowed and replied, "If I may borrow Your Majesty's majesty to crush the enemy, what is death to me?" Just after crossing the mountains he learned the vanguard was locked in fierce combat and meant to ride to their aid. A junior officer argued they ought to secure camp first; Da said, "They are already in mortal danger—how could I think only of saving myself?" He ordered that anyone who spoke of making camp would be executed. He marched at once without pause; the men fought as if possessed, and at the shout that the Grand Marshal had arrived the enemy broke and fled—Guangyuan was secured on the spot. The army encamped on the Fu River, where the enemy had warships anchored on the south bank beyond reach. Da reflected silently: "The art of war is to make the enemy come to you—to lure them I will feign weakness, and they will attack." Soon the enemy did come; he struck and routed them, and they sued for peace. When the army returned he was made defense commissioner of Rong Prefecture. Because the commanding general had been punished while he alone was rewarded, he asked to share in the blame; the court refused.
22
元豐中，遷金州觀察使，加步軍都虞候，改馬軍，超授副都指揮使。 以訓閱精整，除一子閣門祗候。 數被詔獎，進殿前副都指揮使、武康軍節度使。 哲宗立，遷為使，徙節武信。 卒，贈開府儀同三司，諡曰毅敏。
During the Yuanfeng era he became observation commissioner of Jin Prefecture, was made Adjutant of the Foot Army and then of the Mounted Army, and was raised directly to Deputy Overall Commander. Because his troops drilled to exceptional order, one of his sons was appointed a Gate Attendant. He was repeatedly commended by imperial decree and promoted to Deputy Overall Commander of the Palace Guard and military commissioner of the Wukang Army. When Emperor Zhezong took the throne, he was made Military Commissioner and transferred his commission to Wuxin. He died and was posthumously enfeoffed as Grandee of the State with Honors Equal to the Three Excellencies, with the posthumous name Yimin, "Resolute and Keen."
23
達起行伍，喜讀書，神宗以其忠實可任，每燕見，未嘗不從容。 嘗問：「用兵當何先？」 對曰：「莫如愛。」 帝曰：「威克厥愛可乎？」 達曰：「威非不用，要以愛為先耳。」 帝善之。
Da had risen from the ranks yet loved learning; Emperor Shenzong found him steadfast and reliable, and at every private audience spoke with him at length. On one occasion the emperor asked, "What should come first in the use of troops?" Da answered, "Nothing is more important than caring for the men." The emperor asked, "May stern discipline override such care?" Da replied, "Sternness has its place—but care for the men must come first." The emperor approved.
24
姚兕，字武之，五原人。 父寶，戰死定川，兕補右班殿直，為環慶巡檢。 與夏人戰，一矢斃其酋，眾潰，因乘之，遂破蘭浪。 敵大舉寇邊，諸砦皆受圍。 兕時駐荔原堡，先羌未至，據險張疑兵，伺便輒出。 有悍酋臨陣甚武，兕前射中其目，斬首還，一軍歡呼。 明日，來攻益急，兕手射數百人，裂指流血。 又遣子雄引壯騎馳掩其後，所向必克。 敵度不可破，乃退攻大順城。 兕復往救，轉鬥三日，凡斬級數千，卒全二城。 慶軍叛，兕以親兵守西關，盜眾不得入而奔。 兕追及，下馬與語，皆感泣羅拜，誓無復為亂。
Yao Si, courtesy name Wuzhi, was a native of Wuyuan. His father Bao was killed at Dingchuan; Si entered service as a Right-Rank Palace Attendant and was posted as inspector of Huanqing. In a fight with the Xia he dropped their chieftain with a single arrow; the enemy scattered, and he pressed the rout until Lanlang fell. When the enemy invaded in force, every stockade came under siege. Si was holding Liyuan Fort; before the Qiang arrived he occupied the high ground, feigned a larger force, and sallied whenever he saw an opening. A ferocious enemy chieftain was fighting at the front; Si rode out, put an arrow through his eye, took his head, and rode back to a cheer from the whole garrison. The next day the assault grew fiercer; Si shot down hundreds of men himself until his fingers split and ran with blood. He also sent his son Xiong at the head of picked cavalry to sweep around behind the enemy—and every charge broke through. Seeing they could not break through, the enemy pulled back and turned instead on Dashun Fort. Si marched to relieve them again. For three days the battle seesawed; he took several thousand heads and at last saved both cities. When the Qing garrison mutinied, Si held the western gate with his personal guard. The rebels could not get in and broke away in flight. He overtook them, dismounted, and spoke to them face to face. They wept and prostrated themselves in a circle, vowing never to rebel again.
25
神宗聞其名，召入覲，試以騎射，屢中的，賜銀槍、袍帶。 遷為路都監，徙鄜延、涇原。 從攻河州，飛矢貫耳，戰益力。 河州既得，又為鬼章所圍，兕曰：「解圍之法，當攻其所必救。」 乃往擊隴宗，圍遂解。 累遷皇城使，進鈐轄。 從攻交阯有功，領雅州刺史。 破乞弟，領忠州團練使，進副總管，遷東上閣門使，徙熙河。 與種誼合兵討鬼章於洮州，破六逋宗城，夜斷浮橋，援兵不得度，遂擒鬼章。 真拜通州團練使。 卒于鄜延總管，贈忠州防禦使。
Emperor Shenzong heard of him and summoned him to court. He tested Si in horsemanship and archery; Si hit the target again and again. The emperor rewarded him with a silver spear, robe, and belt. He was promoted to circuit intendant and transferred in turn to the Fuyan and Jingyuan commands. During the assault on Hezhou a stray arrow drove through his ear, yet he fought all the harder. After Hezhou fell, Gui Zhang surrounded him in turn. Si said, "To break a siege you must hit what the enemy cannot afford to lose." He marched against Longzong, and the encirclement dissolved. Promoted step by step, he rose to Imperial City Commissioner and then to Controller. He served with distinction in the campaign against Jiaozhi and was appointed prefect of Yazhou. After defeating Qidi he was made regimentation commissioner of Zhongzhou, then deputy chief commander, Eastern Upper Gate Commissioner, and finally transferred to Xihe. He united with Chong Yi to campaign against Gui Zhang at Taozhou. They stormed Liupuzong City, severed the floating bridge by night so reinforcements could not cross, and took Gui Zhang captive. He received formal appointment as regimentation commissioner of Tongzhou. He died in office as chief commander of Fuyan and was posthumously enfeoffed as defense commissioner of Zhongzhou.
26
兕幼失父，事母孝，凡圖畫器用，皆刻「仇讎未報」字。 力學兵法，老不廢書，尤喜顏真卿翰墨，曰：「吾慕其人耳。」 弟麟，亦有威名，關中號「二姚」。 子雄、古。
Si lost his father young and served his mother with exemplary devotion. On every scroll and vessel he engraved the words "The debt of vengeance is still unpaid." He studied warfare with discipline and never stopped reading even in old age. He cherished the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing and said, "It is the man himself I revere." His brother Lin was likewise famed for martial prowess; in the Guanzhong region they were known as "the Two Yaos." His sons were Xiong and Gu.
27
弟麟
Younger brother: Lin
28
麟字君瑞，兄兕攻河州時，俱在兵間。 中矢透骨，鏃留不去，以強弩出之，笑語自若。 積功至皇城使，為秦鳳副總管。 從李憲討生羌，擒泠雞樸。 再轉東上閣門使、英州刺史。 元豐西討，以涇原副總管從劉昌祚出戰，勝於磨𠼪隘。 轉戰向鳴沙，趨靈州，而高遵裕敗還，降為皇城使、永興軍路鈐轄，復為涇原副總管。 夏人修貢，且乞蘭會壤土，麟言：「夏人囚其主，王師是征。 今秉常不廢，即為順命，可因以息兵矣。 獨蘭會不可與。 願戒將帥飭邊備，示進討之形，以絕其望。」 從之。 督諸將討堪哥平，經略使盧秉上其功狀，賜金帛六百。
Lin, styled Junrui, fought alongside his elder brother Si during the Hezhou campaign. An arrow drove through to the bone and the head would not budge. He wrenched it free with a powerful crossbow and went on laughing and chatting as though nothing had happened. By accumulated service he rose to Imperial City Commissioner and became deputy chief commander of Qinfeng. Under Li Xian he campaigned against the unassimilated Qiang and captured Leng Jipu. He was transferred again to Eastern Upper Gate Commissioner and prefect of Yingzhou. During the Yuanfeng western campaigns he served as deputy chief commander of Jingyuan under Liu Changzuo and won a victory at Moxie Pass. He fought on toward Mingsha and pressed toward Lingzhou, but when Gao Zunyu's force was beaten back he was demoted to Imperial City Commissioner and controller on the Yongxing Army circuit, then restored as deputy chief commander of Jingyuan. The Tangut court resumed tribute and asked for the Lan and Hui lands. Lin argued, "They imprisoned their ruler—our armies were justified in marching. Yet Bingchang still holds the throne, so they are obeying the court again. We should take this chance to stand the armies down. Only Lan and Hui must not be surrendered. Warn the frontier commanders to tighten defenses and show every sign of a renewed offensive, so their ambitions die on the vine." The throne accepted his advice. He directed the generals against Kange Ping; frontier commissioner Lu Bing memorialized his achievements, and the court awarded six hundred strings' worth of gold and silk.
29
元祐初，擢成州團練使、龍神衛四廂都指揮使，曆步軍殿前都虞候、步軍馬軍副都指揮使。 紹聖三年，以建武軍節度觀察留後出知渭州。 安燾請留之，曾布曰：「臣嘗訪麟禦邊之策及熙河疆域，俱不能知。 願加敕儆，使之盡力。」 韓忠彥曰：「奏對語言，非所以責此輩。」 哲宗乃留麟不遣。 尋拜武康軍節度使、殿前副都指揮使。 王贍取青唐，麟以為朝廷討伐方息肩，奈何復生此大患。 已而贍果敗。 徽宗立，進都指揮使，節度建雄、定武軍，檢校司徒。 卒，帝詣其第臨奠，贈開府儀同三司。
Early in the Yuanyou era he was elevated to regimentation commissioner of Chengzhou and four-director commander of the Dragon Spirit Guard, and served in turn as vice director of the Palace Front Corps and deputy director of both the Foot and Horse corps. In Shaosheng year three he left the capital as military governor and observation commissioner of Jianwu Army to govern Weizhou. An Yan urged the court to keep him in the capital. Zeng Bu said, "I once asked Lin about frontier strategy and the bounds of Xihe, and he knew nothing of either. Give him a sharp reprimand and make him serve with everything he has." Han Zhongyan replied, "You do not make men like this answer for themselves with polished words in audience." Emperor Zhezong kept Lin at court and would not release him. Shortly afterward he was made military governor of Wukang Army and deputy director of the Palace Front Corps. When Wang Shan seized Qingtang, Lin warned that the court had only just caught its breath after punitive campaigns—why invite catastrophe again? Before long Wang Shan was indeed routed. When Huizong took the throne, Lin rose to director of the corps, held the Jianxiong and Dingwu commands, and received the honorary title of Minister of Works. When he died the emperor came in person to his house to mourn. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Preceptor of the Palace with honors equal to the Three Excellencies.
30
麟為將沈毅持重，不少縱舍。 宿衛士嘗犯法，詔釋之，麟杖之於庭而後請拒詔之罪，故所至肅然。
As a commander Lin was grave, steady, and sparing of mercy. When palace guards once broke the law, an edict ordered them released. Lin flogged them in the courtyard first, then asked to be punished for defying the edict—so discipline followed him wherever he served.
31
子雄
Son: Xiong
32
雄字毅夫，少勇鷙有謀，年十八即佐父征伐。 從討金湯，以百騎先登奪隘，又成荔原之功。 韓絳薦其材，閱試延和殿。 安南、瀘川之役，皆在軍行。 曆涇原、秦鳳將，駐甘穀城，知通遠鎮戎軍、岷州，官累左騏驥使。 紹聖中，渭帥章楶城平夏，雄部熙河兵策援，夏人傾國來，與之鏖鬥，流矢注肩，戰ＴＥ厲，賊引卻，追躡大破之，斬首三千級，俘虜數萬。 先五日，折可適敗於沒煙，士氣方沮，雄賈勇得雋，諸道始得並力。 城成，擢東上閣門使、秦州刺史。
Xiong, styled Yifu, was fierce and clever from youth; at eighteen he was already fighting at his father's side. In the campaign against Jintang he led a hundred horsemen to storm the pass first, and later won distinction at Liyuan as well. Han Jiang recommended his abilities, and he was tested at the Yanhe Hall. He served in the field in both the Annam and Luzhou campaigns. He held posts in Jingyuan and Qinfeng, garrisoned Gangu City, and governed Tongyuan, Zhenrong Army, and Minzhou, rising to Left Qiji Commissioner. During Shaosheng, Wei's commander Zhang Mi built up Pingxia Fort. Xiong led Xihe troops to reinforce him. The Tanguts threw their full strength into the fight; arrows rained into his shoulder, yet he fought all the harder. The enemy gave ground; he pursued, crushed them completely, took three thousand heads, and captured tens of thousands. Five days before, Zhe Keshi had been beaten at Moyan and spirits were low. Xiong's daring stroke restored confidence, and the various columns could finally fight as one. When the fort stood complete, he was promoted to Eastern Upper Gate Commissioner and prefect of Qinzhou.
33
明年，虜攻平夏，勢銳甚，城幾不守。 雄與弟古合兵卻之。 徙知會州，領熙河鈐轄。 王贍略地青唐，羌人攻湟、鄯，詔雄與苗履援之。 邈川方急，雄適至，羌望見塵起，驚而潰。 圍既解，遂趨鄯州，履後期乃至，贍言蘭溪宗有遺寇，宜悉蕩平之。 履即往，雄諫不聽，戒所部嚴備以待。 俄而履師退，賊追及，雄整眾迎擊，破之，獻馘二千。 哲宗遣中使持詔勞問，徙河州。 種朴戰沒，王贍軍陷敵中，雄自鄯至湟，四戰皆捷，拔出之。 遂築安鄉關，夾河立堡，以護浮梁，通湟水漕運，商旅負販入湟者，始絡繹於道。 加復州防禦使。
The next year the enemy assaulted Pingxia with crushing force; the city nearly fell. Xiong and his brother Gu joined forces and drove them back. He was transferred to govern Huizhou and made controller of Xihe. When Wang Shan expanded into Qingtang, Qiang forces struck Huang and Shan. The court ordered Xiong and Miao Lu to their relief. Miaochuan was in dire straits when Xiong arrived; the Qiang saw the dust of his columns and broke in panic. After the siege lifted he hurried toward Shanzhou. Miao Lu arrived late. Wang Shan argued that remnant rebels remained among the Lanxizong and should be exterminated. Lu marched off at once. Xiong protested in vain and ordered his own men to stand ready. Soon Lu's force fell back with the enemy on its heels. Xiong formed his men, counterattacked, routed them, and sent two thousand heads to the capital. Emperor Zhezong dispatched a palace envoy with words of praise, and Xiong was transferred to Hezhou. When Zhong Pu fell in battle and Wang Shan's army was trapped behind enemy lines, Xiong fought four victories from Shan to Huang and brought them out alive. He then built Anxiang Pass and riverside forts to shield the pontoon bridge, opened grain transport on the Huang River, and for the first time traders packed the road into Huang. He was further honored as defense commissioner of Fuzhou.
34
建中靖國初，議棄湟州，詔訪雄利害。 雄以為可棄，遂以賜趙懷德，徙雄知熙州，進華州觀察使。 蔡京用王厚復河湟，治棄地罪，停雄官，光州居住。 三年，得自便。 後論為責輕，復竄金州。 明年，乃聽歸。 高永年死，西寧諸戍阻絕，起雄權經略熙河、安輯復新邊使。 知滄州，加捧日、天武四廂都指揮使，復為熙州，遷安德軍節度觀察留後、步軍副都指揮使，拜武康軍節度使。 召詣闕，為中太一宮使。 引疾納節鉞，改左金吾衛上將軍，又以武康節知熙州。 熙河十八年間更十六帥，唯雄三至，凡六年。 未幾，以檢校司空、奉甯軍節度使致仕。 卒，贈開府儀同三司，諡武憲。
Early in the Jianzhong Jingguo era the court debated giving up Huangzhou and asked Xiong for his judgment. Xiong judged the territory expendable; it was granted to Zhao Huaide, Xiong was reassigned to Xizhou, and promoted to observation commissioner of Huazhou. When Cai Jing sent Wang Hou to retake He and Huang, Xiong was punished for surrendering land—stripped of office and sent to live at Guangzhou. In the third year he was permitted to move freely. Later critics deemed the sentence too mild, and he was exiled again to Jinzhou. The following year he was finally allowed to come home. After Gao Yongnian's death left the Xining posts isolated, Xiong was recalled as acting frontier commissioner of Xihe and commissioner for settling the new border. He governed Cangzhou, was made four-director commander of the Sun-and-Heaven Guard, returned to Xizhou, rose to military governor and observation commissioner of Ande Army and deputy director of the Foot Corps, and was appointed military governor of Wukang Army. Called to court, he became commissioner of the Central Grand Unity Palace. Pleading illness he surrendered his command seal, was made senior general of the Left Golden Crow Guard, and once more held Wukang command while governing Xizhou. In eighteen years on the Xihe frontier sixteen commanders rotated through; Xiong alone served three tours totaling six years. Not long after he retired with the honorary rank of Minister of Works and the Fengning Army command. When he died he was posthumously enfeoffed as Grand Preceptor of the Palace with honors equal to the Three Excellencies, with the posthumous name Wuxian.
35
子古
Son: Gu
36
既而議和，金兵退，詔古與種師中、折彥質、範瓊等領兵十余萬護送之。 粘罕陷隆德府，以古為河東制置，種師中副之。 古總兵援太原，師中援中山、河間諸郡。 粘罕圍太原，內外不相通。 古進兵復隆德府、威勝軍，厄南北關，與金人戰，互有勝負。 太原圍不解，詔古與師中掎角，師中進次平定軍，乘勝復壽陽、榆次等縣。 朝廷數遣使趣戰，師中約古及張灝兩軍齊進，而二人失期不至。 師中回趨榆次，兵敗而死。 金人進兵迎古，遇於盤陀，古兵潰，退保隆德。 詔以解潛代之。 古之屯威勝軍也，帳下統制官焦安節妄傳寇至以動軍情，既又勸古遁去，故兩郡皆潰。 李綱召安節，斬于瓊林苑。 中丞陳過庭奏古罪不可恕，詔安置廣州。
When peace was struck and the Jin armies withdrew, the court ordered Gu, together with Zhong Shizhong, Zhe Yanzhi, Fan Qiong, and others, to escort them with an army of more than one hundred thousand. When Zhanhan took Longde Prefecture, Gu was appointed Hebei frontier commissioner with Zhong Shizhong as his deputy. Gu led the force to relieve Taiyuan while Shizhong reinforced Zhongshan and the Hejian region. Zhanhan besieged Taiyuan until the city was severed from the outside world. Gu marched forward, retook Longde Prefecture and Weisheng Army, and held the northern and southern passes. Battles with the Jin swayed back and forth without a clear victor. Taiyuan remained under siege; the court ordered Gu and Shizhong to coordinate pincer attacks. Shizhong moved up to Pingding Army and, pressing his advantage, recovered Shouyang, Yuci, and other counties. The court sent envoy after envoy demanding action. Shizhong arranged a joint advance with Gu and Zhang Hao, but both columns failed to appear on time. Shizhong wheeled back toward Yuci, his army was broken, and he fell in battle. The Jin army marched to intercept Gu at Panto. His force collapsed and fell back to defend Longde. The court replaced him with Xie Qian. While Gu was stationed at Weisheng Army, his regimental officer Jiao Anjie spread a false alarm of enemy attack to panic the troops, then urged Gu to run. Both districts unraveled. Li Gang had Anjie summoned and executed him in the Qiongl Forest Garden. Chief censor Chen Guoting memorialized that Gu's offenses were unpardonable, and the court banished him to Guangzhou.
37
燧初穴貝州城時，為叛兵所傷，同行卒劉順救之得免。 及貴，順已死，訪恤其家甚至。 故人妻子貧不能活者，一切收養之。 人推其義。
When Gu first dug through into Beizhou city during the siege, rebel soldiers wounded him; the soldier Liu Shun pulled him out and he survived. After he had risen to high rank Liu Shun was already dead; Gu sought out his family and provided for them generously. He took in and supported every impoverished wife and child left behind by old comrades. People honored him for his loyalty and kindness.
38
劉舜卿
Liu Shunqing
39
劉舜卿。 字希元，開封人。 父鈞，監鎮戎兵馬，慶曆中，與子堯卿戰死于好水。 舜卿年十歲，錄為供奉官，曆昌州駐泊都監。 諭降瀘水蠻八百人，誅其桀鼇驁者。 知水洛城。
Liu Shunqing. His courtesy name was Xiyuan, and he was a native of Kaifeng. His father Liu Jun had been overseer of cavalry and horses at Zhenrong; during the Qingli era he fought at Haoshui and was killed there alongside Zhong Yaoqing. When Shunqing was ten, the court enrolled him as a Palace Attendant; he later served as Coastal Patrol Commander stationed at Changzhou. He persuaded eight hundred Lushui tribesmen to submit and put to death those who were violent and unruly. He served as magistrate of Shuilo City.
40
神宗經略西邊，近臣薦其能，召問狀，對曰：「自元昊稱臣，秦中不復戒嚴。 今宜先自治。」 帝善之，命訓京東將兵。 一年，入閱於內殿，帝歎曰：「坐作有度，其可用也。 爾無忘世讎，勉思忠孝，期以盡敵。」 舜卿泣謝，即日加通事舍人。
While Emperor Shenzong was preparing operations on the western frontier, court intimates recommended him for his competence. Summoned to give an account of the situation, he answered: "Ever since Yuanhao submitted as a vassal, the Qin heartland has no longer lived under constant alert. We ought first to set our own affairs in order." The Emperor was pleased and ordered him to train the generals and troops of the eastern capital circuit. A year later he was reviewed in the inner hall. The Emperor sighed and said, "Their drill has discipline—they will serve. Do not forget the blood feud your families owe; strive in loyalty and filial duty and seek to annihilate the foe." Shunqing wept as he thanked him, and that same day was promoted to Imperial Protocol Officer.
41
環慶有警，詔帥長安兵赴之，乃單騎馳往慶州，至則難已解。 知原州，改秦鳳鈐轄。 襲擊西市城，先登有功，遷皇城副使。 久之，知代州，加客省副使。 遼遣諜盜西關鎖，舜卿密易舊鑰鐍而大之。 數日，虜以鎖來歸，舜卿曰：「吾未嘗亡鎖也。」 引視，納之不能受，遂慚去，誅諜者。
When Huanqing circuit came under threat, the court ordered him to lead Chang'an troops thither; he galloped to Qingzhou alone and found the danger already past by the time he arrived. He served as prefect of Yuan Prefecture, then was reassigned as Qinfeng military commissioner. In an assault on Xishi City he was first over the wall with distinction and was promoted Deputy Commissioner of the Imperial City. Some time later he governed Daizhou and received the additional title Vice Commissioner of the Office for Receiving Foreign Guests. The Liao dispatched a spy to steal the west gate lock; Shunqing quietly swapped the old lock for a larger one. Several days later the Khitan came back with the lock. Shunqing said, "I have never lost a lock." When he showed them the gate, the lock would not seat; they withdrew in embarrassment, and he had the spy put to death.
42
轉西上閣門使、知雄州。 始視事，或告契丹遊騎大集，請甲以俟，舜卿不為動，乃妄也。 契丹系州民，檄索之，不聽。 會有使者至，因捕取其一以相當，必得釋乃遣。 在雄六年，恩信周浹。
He was made Western Upper Gate Commissioner and appointed prefect of Xiong Prefecture. At the start of his tenure someone warned that Khitan patrols were gathering in force and begged for arms to await them; Shunqing did not stir, and the report proved empty. When the Khitan bound up a local man and demanded his return by official notice, Shunqing would not comply. On the arrival of an envoy he took one of their men in turn and would not send him back until the townsman was released. For six years at Xiong his grace and good faith ran deep on every side.
43
元祐初，進龍神衛四廂都指揮使、高州刺史、知熙州。 夏人聚兵天都，連西羌鬼章青宜結，先城洮州，將大舉入寇，舜卿欲乘其未集擊之，會諸將議方略。 使姚兕部洮西，領武勝兵合河州熟羌搗講珠城，遣人間道焚河橋以絕西援； 種誼部洮東，由哥龍谷宵濟邦金川，黎明，至臨洮城下，一鼓克之，俘鬼章並首領九人，斬馘數千計。 遷馬軍都虞候，再遷徐州觀察使、步軍副都指揮使、知渭州。 召還宿衛，未上道，卒，贈奉國軍節度使，諡曰毅敏。
Early in the Yuanyou reign he rose to Commander of the Four Wings of the Dragon Divine Guard, was enfeoffed as Prefect of Gaozhou, and governed Xi Prefecture. The Tanguts gathered at Tiandu in league with the Western Qiang chieftain Gui Zhang Qingyijie, fortified Taozhou first, and prepared a large-scale raid. Shunqing wanted to hit them before their forces converged and called the commanders together to plan. He assigned Yao Si to the west of the Tao with Wusheng troops and Hezhou allied tribes to raid Jiangzhu City, and sent men by secret routes to burn the river bridge and sever aid from the west. Chong Yi took the east of the Tao, crossed the Bangjin River by night through Gelong Valley, and at dawn was beneath Lintao City, which fell at the first rush. He took Gui Zhang and nine other leaders captive, and the slain ran to several thousand. He was promoted Commander of the Guard Cavalry, then again to Observation Commissioner of Xuzhou, Deputy Commander of the Infantry, and prefect of Wei Prefecture. The court recalled him to palace guard service, but he died before he could depart. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Military Commissioner of the Fengguo Army, with the posthumous name Yimin.
44
舜卿知書，曉吏事，謹文法，善料敵，著名北州。
Shunqing was learned, understood governance, enforced the statutes carefully, read the enemy well, and was renowned throughout the northern frontier.
45
宋守約
Song Shouyue
46
宋守約，開封酸棗人。 以父任為左班殿直，至河北緣邊安撫副使，選知恩州。 仁宗諭以亂後撫禦之意，對曰：「恩與他郡等耳，而為守者猶以反側待之，故人心不自安。 臣願盡力。」 徙益州路鈐轄，累遷文州刺史、康州團練使、知雄州，曆龍神衛、捧日天武都指揮使，馬步殿前都虞候。
Song Shouyue was a native of Suanzao in Kaifeng. By hereditary appointment he entered service as a Left Guard Attendant of the Inner Hall, rose to Deputy Frontier Pacification Commissioner on the Hebei border, and was chosen to govern En Prefecture. Emperor Renzong explained how he should reassure the region after the uprising. Shouyue answered: "En is like any other prefecture, yet its magistrates still treat the people as if they might turn again, and so no one feels secure. I will do all I can. He was reassigned as Yizhou Circuit military commissioner, rose through Prefect of Wenzhou and Regimental Commissioner of Kangzhou to prefect of Xiong Prefecture, and held commands over the Dragon Divine Guard and the Sunbearing and Sky Martial Guards and over the palace cavalry and infantry.
47
入宿衛，遷洋州觀察使。 衛兵以給粟陳嘩噪，執政將付有司治，守約曰：「禦軍安用文法！」 遣一牙校語之曰：「天子太倉粟，不請何為？ 我不貸汝。」 眾懼而聽命。 進步軍副都指揮使、威武軍留後。 神宗以禁旅驕惰，為簡練之法，屯營可並者並之。 守約率先推行，約束嚴峻，士始怨終服。 或言其持軍太急，帝密戒之，對曰：「臣為陛下明紀律，不忍使恩出於臣，而怨歸陛下。」 帝善之，欲擢置樞府，宰相難之，乃止。 故事，當郊之歲，先期籍士卒之兇悍者，配下軍以警眾，當受糧而倩人代負者罰，久而浸弛，守約悉舉行之。 所居肅然無人聲，至蟬噪於庭亦擊去，人以為過。 蒞職十年卒，年七十一。 贈安武軍節度使，諡曰勤毅。
He joined the palace guard and was promoted Observation Commissioner of Yang Prefecture. The guard troops raised an uproar over their grain issue; the chief ministers meant to refer the case to the courts, but Shouyue said, "What use is paperwork in commanding soldiers! He sent a staff officer to say to them, "This is grain from the Son of Heaven's storehouses—why not ask for it as you should? I will show you no leniency. The men feared him and submitted. He was promoted Deputy Commander of the Infantry and Regent of the Weiwu Army. Emperor Shenzong, finding the palace guards arrogant and slack, set down rules for training and consolidation and merged camps wherever merger was possible. Shouyue took the lead in enforcing them with stern discipline; the men grumbled at first but came to accept it. When some complained that he drove the troops too hard, the Emperor quietly cautioned him. Shouyue answered, "I am setting discipline clear for Your Majesty; I would not have kindness credited to me and blame fall on the throne. The Emperor was pleased and meant to place him in the Privy Council, but the chief ministers resisted and the promotion went no further. Custom held that in a suburban-sacrifice year the most unruly soldiers were listed beforehand and posted to inferior units as a warning, and men who paid others to haul their grain rations were penalized; the practice had long slipped, and Shouyue enforced every part of it again. His household was so hushed that scarcely a voice was heard; he even had cicadas in the courtyard chased off, and many judged him extreme. He held his post for ten years and died at seventy-one. He was posthumously enfeoffed as Military Commissioner of the Anwu Army, with the posthumous name Qinyi.
48
子球
Son: Qiu
49
子球，以蔭幹當禮賓院。 條秦、川券馬四弊，群牧使用其議，馬商便之。 再使高麗，密訪山川形勢、風俗好尚，使還，圖紀上之，神宗稱善，進通事舍人。 帝崩，告哀契丹，至，則使易吉服，球曰：「通和歲久，憂患是同，大國安則為之。」 契丹不能奪。 積遷西上閣門使、樞密副都承旨。 為人謹密，朝日所聞上語，雖家人不以告。 卒於官。
His son Qiu entered the Court of Diplomatic Reception by inherited privilege. He laid out four abuses in the Qin and Sichuan ticket-horse system; the Pastoral Offices took up his plan, and horse traders found relief. Sent twice to Goryeo, he quietly mapped mountains, rivers, and local ways; when he returned he presented an illustrated report. Emperor Shenzong commended it and promoted him to Imperial Protocol Officer. After the Emperor's death he carried the mourning notice to the Khitan; when he arrived they pressed him to put off mourning garb. Qiu said, "We have lived in peace for long years and mourn the same loss; were your great state itself untroubled, we would do as you ask." The Khitan could not prevail against him. He rose in time to Western Upper Gate Commissioner and Deputy Receiver of the Privy Council. He was discreet to a fault: whatever the Emperor said to him at court each day, he would not repeat even to his own household. He died in office.
50
論曰：自郝質至宋守約，皆恂直忠篤，為一時名將。 遭世承平，邊疆少警，擁節旄，立殿陛，高爵重祿，以壽考終，宜也。 姚氏世用武奮，兕與弟麟並有威名，關中號「二姚」。 兕之子雄，亦以戰功至節度使，而古竟以敗貶，其才否可見已。
The commentators write: From Hao Zhi through Song Shouyue, each was honest, loyal, and steadfast—a famed commander of the age. They came of age in long peace, when the frontier seldom flared; they held command seals and stood before the throne, enjoyed lofty rank and rich stipends, and died at a ripe old age—which was only right. The Yao house had risen by martial merit for generations; Si and his brother Lin both carried formidable reputations, and in the Guanzhong region people spoke of "the Two Yaos." Si's son Xiong likewise fought his way to a military commissioner's post, while Gu ended in defeat and disgrace—the contrast in their gifts could hardly be clearer.