1
苗授子:履王君萬子:贍張守約王文郁周永清劉紹能王光祖李浩和斌子:詵劉仲武曲珍劉闃郭成賈岩張整張蘊王恩楊應詢趙隆
Miao Shou (son: Lü); Wang Junwan (son: Zhan); Zhang Shouyue; Wang Wenyu; Zhou Yongqing; Liu Shaoneng; Wang Guangzu; Li Hao; He Bin (son: Shen); Liu Zhongwu; Qu Zhen; Liu Qu; Guo Cheng; Jia Yan; Zhang Zheng; Zhang Yun; Wang En; Yang Yingxun; and Zhao Long.
2
苗授，字授之，潞州人。 父京，慶曆中，以死守麟州抗元昊者也。 少從胡翼之學，補國子生，以蔭至供備庫副使。
Miao Shou, courtesy name Shouzhi, was a native of Luzhou. His father Jing had died defending Linzhou against Yuan Hao during the Qingli reign. As a youth he studied under Hu Yizhi, entered the Imperial University as a supplemental student, and through hereditary privilege rose to Vice Commissioner of the Supply Reserve Bureau.
3
王韶取鎮洮，授為先鋒，破香子城，拔河府。 羌雖敗，氣尚銳，輒圍香子以迎歸師。 韶遣將田瓊救之，瓊死，乃簡騎五百屬授，授奮擊敗之。 休士二日，羌復要于架麻平，注矢如雨，眾懼，授令曰：「第進毋恐！ 氈牌數百且至。」 行前者傳呼，羌驚亂。 力戰數十，斬首四千級。 又破之于牛精穀，取珂諾城，盡得河湟地。
When Wang Shao seized Zhen and Tao, Shou served as vanguard, capturing Xiangzi city and taking Hefu. Although the Qiang had been beaten, their fighting spirit remained high, and they promptly laid siege to Xiangzi to cut off the army on its march home. Shao sent the general Tian Qiong to relieve them, but Qiong was killed. He then picked five hundred horsemen and placed them under Shou, who charged hard and routed the enemy. After giving the troops two days' rest, the Qiang again offered battle at Jiamaping. Arrows fell like rain, and the men were terrified. Shou ordered, "Press forward—do not be afraid! Several hundred felt shields are on their way." The men in the van passed the word along, and the Qiang were thrown into panic and disorder. After dozens of fierce engagements, they took four thousand heads. They defeated the Qiang again at Niujing Valley, captured Kenuo city, and brought the entire He-Huang region under control.
4
知德順軍，三遷西上閣門使。 鬼章寇河州，詔授往，一戰克撒宗，論功第一，遂知州事。 加四方館使、榮州刺史。 從燕達取銀川，降木征，獻之京師，加引進使、果州團練使、涇原都鈐轄。
He was appointed military prefect of Deshun and was promoted three times to Western Upper Gate Commissioner. When Guizhang raided Hezhou, the court ordered Shou to march against him. In a single battle he took Sazong, was ranked first in merit, and was put in charge of the prefecture. He was further appointed Commissioner of the Four Directions Hall and Prefect of Rongzhou. He followed Yan Da in taking Yinchuan, accepted the surrender of Muzheng, and presented him at court. He was promoted to Introducing Commissioner, Militia Commissioner of Guozhou, and overall commander of Jingyuan.
5
召使契丹，神宗勞之曰：「曩香子之役，非汝以寡擊眾，幾敗吾事。」 以為秦鳳副總管，徙熙河，復知河州。 副李憲討生羌於露骨山，斬首萬級，獲其大酋泠雞樸，羌族十萬七千帳內附，威震洮西。 拜昌州團練使、龍神衛四廂都指揮使，徙知雄州、熙州。
When he was summoned as envoy to the Khitan, Emperor Shenzong praised him, saying, "At Xiangzi, if you had not used a small force to defeat a large one, my whole campaign would nearly have failed." He was appointed Deputy Overall Commander of Qin and Feng, transferred to Xihe, and again put in charge of Hezhou. Serving under Li Xian, he campaigned against the Sheng Qiang at Lugu Mountain, took ten thousand heads, and captured their great chief Lengjipu. One hundred seven thousand Qiang households submitted, and his fame spread throughout western Tao. He was appointed Militia Commissioner of Changzhou and Overall Commander of the Four Wings of the Dragon Spirit Guard, then transferred to govern Xiongzhou and Xizhou.
6
元豐西討，授出古渭取定西，蕩禹臧花麻諸族，降戶五萬。 城蘭州，遇賊數萬于女遮谷，登山逆戰，敗退伏壘中，半夜遁去。 授逾天都山，焚南牟，屯沒煙，凡師行百日，轉鬥千里，始入塞。
During the Yuanfeng western expedition, Shou marched out from Guwei to seize Dingxi, swept the Yuzang, Huama, and other tribes, and accepted the surrender of fifty thousand households. While building up Lanzhou he met tens of thousands of enemy troops at Nüzhe Valley. He climbed the heights to give battle, was beaten back, hid within the fortifications, and slipped away at midnight. Shou crossed Tiandu Mountain, burned Nanmou, and encamped at Meiyan. His army had been in the field a hundred days, fighting its way a thousand li, before it finally re-entered the frontier.
7
授遇事持議不苟合。 初在德順，或議城篯南，授曰：「地阻大河，糧道不濟，非萬全計也。」 役即止。 師征靈武，詔令援高遵裕，即條上進退利害甚切。 曆進步軍副都指揮使、威武軍節度觀察留後。 元祐三年，遷武泰軍節度使、殿前副都指揮使。 逾歲，以保康節度知潞州，提舉上清太平宮，復使殿前，薨，年六十七，贈開府儀同三司，諡曰莊敏。 子履。
In council Shou held firm to his views and would not yield merely to agree with others. While he was at Deshun, some proposed building a fort at Zhainan. Shou said, "The terrain is cut off by the great river and the supply line cannot be kept open. That is not a fully reliable plan." The project was abandoned. When the army marched on Lingwu, he was ordered to reinforce Gao Zunyu and immediately submitted a detailed memorial on the risks and benefits of advancing or holding back, in terms that were sharply argued. He rose in turn to Deputy Overall Commander of the Foot Soldiers and Military Governor and Observation Commissioner of Weiwu Army. In the third year of the Yuanyou era he was made Military Governor of Wutai Army and Deputy Overall Commander of the Palace Front. A year later he was appointed Military Governor of Baokang and put in charge of Luzhou, was made superintendent of the Shangqing Taiping Palace, and again served at the Palace Front. He died at sixty-seven, was posthumously granted Grandee of the Palace with Equal Ceremony to the Three Dukes, and was given the posthumous title Zhuangmin. His son was Lü.
8
子履
Son: Lü
9
履束發從戎。 授之降木征也，履護送至京，得閣門祗候。 曆熙、延、渭、秦四路鈐轄，知鎮戎軍。 及其父時，已官四方館使、吉州防禦使矣，以事竄房州，起為西上閣門副使、熙河都監。 又責右清道率府率，監峽州酒稅。 元符初，悉還其官，以熙河蘭會都鈐轄知蘭州。
Lü took up arms while still a youth. When Shou accepted Muzheng's surrender, Lü escorted the captive to the capital and was appointed a Gate Attendant. He served in turn as overall commander on the Xi, Yan, Wei, and Qin circuits and as military prefect of Zhenrong. Even during his father's lifetime he had risen to Commissioner of the Four Directions Hall and Defense Commissioner of Jizhou. For an offense he was exiled to Fangzhou, then recalled as Deputy Western Upper Gate Commissioner and overall supervisor of Xihe. He was demoted again to Commandant of the Right Qingdao Commandery and put in charge of the wine tax at Xiazhou. At the start of the Yuanfu era all his offices were restored, and he was appointed overall commander of Xihe, Lan, and Hui and put in charge of Lanzhou.
10
詔同王贍取青唐，與姚雄合兵討峗羌篯羅結。 贍將李忠戰敗，羅結大集眾，宣言欲圍青唐。 履、雄將至，羌列陣以待，勢甚盛。 履叱軍士納弓于鞬，拔刀而入。 羌怙巢穴殊死鬥，梟將陳迪、王亨輩皆反走，履獨駐馬不動。 有酋青袍白馬突而前，手劍擊履，帳下王拱以弓格之，僅免。 復繞出履背，欲斷軍為二，別將高永年率所部力戰數十合，羌退，乘勝圍蘭宗堡，弗能拔。 日暮，收兵入營，羌宵潰。 明日，縱兵四掠，焚其族帳而還。
He was ordered to join Wang Zhan in taking Qingtang and, together with Yao Xiong, combined forces to campaign against the Zhan Qiang chief Zhanluojie. Zhan's general Li Zhong was defeated, and Luojie mustered a large force, declaring that he intended to besiege Qingtang. As Lü and Xiong approached, the Qiang formed battle lines to meet them, and their array looked formidable. Lü ordered his men to stow their bows in their quivers, draw their swords, and charge in. The Qiang, fighting from their home ground, battled desperately. The crack generals Chen Di, Wang Heng, and others all broke and ran, but Lü alone held his horse steady and did not move. A chief in a green robe on a white horse charged forward and struck at Lü with a sword. Wang Gong of his staff blocked the blow with a bow, and Lü barely escaped with his life. The enemy circled behind Lü, trying to cut his force in two. The subordinate commander Gao Yongnian led his men through dozens of fierce engagements until the Qiang withdrew. Pursuing the advantage, they besieged Lanzong Fort but could not capture it. At dusk they withdrew into camp, and the Qiang broke and fled during the night. The next day they sent their troops out in all directions to raid, burned the enemy encampments, and withdrew.
11
既而阿章叛，詔履與种樸過河討蕩，辭以兵少，樸遂陷。 錄履前功，擢龍神衛四廂都指揮使、成州團練使，知慶州，徙渭州，進捧日、天武都指揮使。 是後史失其傳。 子傅，在《叛臣傳》。
Soon afterward Azhan rebelled. Lü and Chong Pu were ordered to cross the river and suppress the revolt. Lü declined on the grounds that he had too few troops, and Pu was then trapped. In recognition of Lü's earlier service he was promoted to Overall Commander of the Four Wings of the Dragon Spirit Guard and Militia Commissioner of Chengzhou, put in charge of Qingzhou, transferred to Weizhou, and advanced to Overall Commander of the Sun-bearer and Heavenly Martial Guards. After this the histories preserve no further account of him. His son Fu is treated in the "Biographies of Rebels."
12
王君萬
Wang Junwan
13
王君萬，秦州寧遠人。 以殿侍為秦鳳指揮使。 王韶開邊，青唐大酋俞龍珂歸國，獨別羌新羅結不從。 經略使韓縝期諸將一月取之。 君萬詐為獵者，逐禽至其居，稍相親狎，與同獵，乘間撾之，墜馬，斬首馳歸以獻。 甫及一月，積功得閣門祗候。
Wang Junwan was a native of Ningyuan in Qinzhou. Starting as a palace attendant, he became commander of the Qin-Feng command. When Wang Shao opened the frontier, the great Qingtang chief Yulongke submitted to the court, but the separate Qiang leader Xinluojie alone refused. The frontier commissioner Han Zhen gave the generals one month to capture him. Junwan posed as a hunter, followed game to Xinluojie's camp, gradually won his trust, and hunted with him. Seizing his chance, he struck him down, knocked him from his horse, cut off his head, and galloped back to present it. Barely a month had passed when, on the strength of his merit, he was appointed a Gate Attendant.
14
王師定武勝，首領藥廝逋邀劫于闐貢物，帥師討焉。 君萬出南山，履險略地。 羌潛伏山谷間，忽一騎躍出，橫矛將及，君萬亟側身避之，回首奮擊，斬以徇。 其眾驚號，相率聽命，所斬乃藥廝逋也。 復破北關、南市，功最多，擢熙河路鈐轄，進領英州刺史、達州團練使，賜絹五百。
After the imperial army secured Wusheng, the chief Yaosibo had intercepted Khotan's tribute goods. Junwan led troops against him. Junwan marched out through the southern mountains, crossing dangerous and trackless terrain. The Qiang lay in ambush among the valleys. Suddenly a lone rider leaped out, spear leveled at him. Junwan twisted aside just in time, wheeled back, and struck him down, displaying the head as a warning. His followers cried out in alarm and submitted in succession. The man he had killed was Yaosibo himself. He also captured Beiguan and Nanshi. Having earned the greatest merit, he was promoted to overall commander of the Xihe circuit, advanced to Prefect of Yingzhou and Militia Commissioner of Dazhou, and granted five hundred bolts of silk.
15
洮西羌叛，圍河州，君萬請于王韶，以為南撒宗城小而堅，強勇所聚，若並兵破之，圍當自解。 韶用其計，圍果解。 累官客省使，為副總管。 坐貸結糴錢數萬緡，為轉運使孫迥所糾，貶秩一等。 討西山、鐵城有功，復故官職。 君萬怨孫迥，使番官木丹訟之，鞫于秦、隴，又貶為鳳翔鈐轄，籍家貲償逋，遂以憤卒。 子贍。
When the Taoxi Qiang rebelled and besieged Hezhou, Junwan advised Wang Shao that Nansazong was small but strongly fortified and held the enemy's best fighters. If they concentrated their forces and took it, the siege of Hezhou would lift of itself. Shao adopted his plan, and the siege was indeed lifted. He rose through repeated promotions to Commissioner of the Guest Bureau and served as deputy overall commander. He was found guilty of lending out tens of thousands of strings of government grain-purchase funds. Impeached by transport commissioner Sun Jiong, he was demoted one rank. He earned merit in campaigns against Xishan and Tiecheng, and his former offices were restored. Junwan resented Sun Jiong and had the frontier officer Mudan bring suit against him. Tried in Qin and Long, he was demoted again to overall commander of Fengxiang, his family property seized to repay the debt, and he died in bitterness. His son was Zhan.
16
子贍
Son: Zhan
17
贍始因李憲以進。 立戰功，積官至皇城使，領開州團練使。 元符中，知河州。 熙帥鐘傅以冒白草原賞，獄治于秦，詔轉運使張詢諭諸將得自首。 贍具伏詐增首級，因說詢云：「青唐人有叛瞎征意，可取也。」 詢信之，即具奏言已令贍結約起兵。 誓宗與輔臣罪其狂妄專輒，亟罷詢，而命孫迥究實。 獄上，奪贍十一官，猶令領州。
Zhan first rose through the patronage of Li Xian. He won distinction in battle and rose through repeated promotions to Imperial City Commissioner and Militia Commissioner of Kaizhou. During the Yuanfu era he was put in charge of Hezhou. The Xi commander Zhong Fu had falsely claimed credit for the Baiyuan grasslands. The case was tried in Qin, and an edict ordered transport commissioner Zhang Xun to inform the generals that they might confess and be spared. Zhan fully confessed to having fraudulently inflated his head count and then told Xun, "The Qingtang people are ready to turn against Xiazheng. Qingtang can be taken." Xun believed him and immediately memorialized the throne that he had already ordered Zhan to arrange a pact and raise troops. Emperor Zhezong and the chief ministers condemned this as reckless and overreaching. Xun was quickly dismissed, and Sun Jiong was ordered to investigate the truth. When the case was concluded, Zhan was stripped of eleven ranks but was still allowed to govern the prefecture.
18
贍欲以功贖過，乃密畫取青唐之策，遣客詣章惇言狀。 惇下其事于孫路，路以為可取。 贍遂引兵趣邈川。 路知贍狡獪難制，使總管王湣統軍，而以贍副。 贍為前鋒度河，先下隴朱黑城。 忌湣分其功，紿之曰：「晨食畢乃發。」 湣信之。 夜半，贍忽傳發。 平明，入邈川，據府庫，徑上捷書，不以白軍府。 湣過午始至，以事訴于路，路亦怒，顓以兵柄付湣，而留贍屯邈川。
Hoping to redeem himself through merit, Zhan secretly drew up a plan to take Qingtang and sent an agent to Zhang Dun to lay out the proposal. Dun referred the matter to Sun Lu, who judged the plan feasible. Zhan then led his troops toward Miaochuan. Knowing that Zhan was cunning and hard to control, Lu put overall commander Wang Min in command of the army and made Zhan his deputy. As vanguard, Zhan crossed the river and was first to take Longzhuhei city. Jealous that Min would share the credit, he deceived him, saying, "We will not march until after breakfast." Min believed him. At midnight Zhan suddenly ordered the army to move out. At daybreak he entered Miaochuan, seized the government stores, and sent a victory report directly to court without informing army headquarters. Min did not arrive until past noon and complained to Lu, who was also furious. Lu gave sole command of the army to Min and left Zhan to garrison Miaochuan.
19
宗哥酋舍欽腳求內附，贍遣裨將王詠享五千騎赴之。 既入，而諸羌變，詠馳書告急，王厚使高永年救之，乃免。 贍與湣交訟，又訴路指畫相違。 惇主贍而不直路，曰：「首謀者贍也，路欲掩其功，故抑贍。」 乃徙路河南，罷湣統制，以胡宗回為帥。
The Zongge chief Sheqinjiao sought to submit to the court. Zhan sent subordinate general Wang Yongxiang with five thousand cavalry to receive him. Once inside, the Qiang turned on them. Yongxiang sent an urgent dispatch for help, and Wang Hou sent Gao Yongnian to rescue him. They barely escaped. Zhan and Min sued each other back and forth, and Zhan again complained to Lu that their plans had been at cross purposes. Dun sided with Zhan and refused to vindicate Lu, saying, "Zhan was the chief architect of the plan. Lu wanted to steal his credit, and so he held Zhan back." Lu was transferred to Henan, Min was removed from overall command, and Hu Zonghui was appointed commander.
20
時瞎征已來降，青唐戍將惟心牟欽氈父子百余人在。 贍不即取，二羌遂迎溪巴溫之子隴拶入守。 始，孫路乞先全邈川及河南北諸城，然後進師。 贍怨路，因言青唐不煩大兵可下，而路逗遛失機會。 暨宗回至，乃雲夏人謀攻邈川，當為守備，青唐未可取。 宗回責其反覆，日夜督出師，遣使威以軍法，且聲言欲使王湣代將。 贍懼，急進攻隴拶及心牟等，皆出降。 贍入據其城。 詔建為鄯州，進贍四方館使、榮州防禦使、知州事。 黃履謂賞薄，乃拜維州團練使，為路鈐轄。
By then Xiazheng had already surrendered, and more than a hundred men, including the Qingtang garrison commander Weixinmuqinzan and his son, were still inside the city. Zhan did not move quickly to take the city, and the two Qiang factions then welcomed Xibawen's son Longzan to enter and hold it. From the start Sun Lu had asked first to secure Miaochuan and all the cities north and south of the river, and only then advance. Zhan resented Lu and claimed that Qingtang could be taken without a large army, while Lu had dragged his feet and missed the chance. But when Zonghui arrived, he claimed that the Xia were plotting to attack Miaochuan, that defensive preparations were needed, and that Qingtang could not yet be taken. Zonghui rebuked him for his inconsistency and pressed him day and night to take the field. He sent envoys to threaten him with military law and openly declared that he intended to replace him with Wang Min. Fearful, Zhan pressed forward at once to attack Longzan, Xinmu, and their followers; all of them came out and surrendered. Zhan entered and took possession of the city. The court ordered the city established as Shan Prefecture and promoted Zhan to Commissioner of the Four Embassies, Defense Commissioner of Rongzhou, and prefectural administrator. Huang Lü judged the reward too slight, so the court additionally appointed him Regimental Commissioner of Weizhou and made him controller of the circuit.
21
贍縱所部剽敚，羌眾攜貳，心牟等結諸族帳謀復青唐，其在山南者先發。 贍遣將李賓領二千騎掩襲心牟以下，自守西城與羌鬥。 賓逾南山入保敦穀討蕩，羌戰敗奔北，四山皆空。 贍戮心牟等九人，悉捕斬城中羌，積級如山。
Zhan allowed his troops to loot at will. The Qiang turned divided and disaffected, and Xinmu and others rallied the clans and encampments to plot the recovery of Qingtang; those south of the mountains rose first. Zhan dispatched the general Li Bin with two thousand horsemen to strike Xinmu and his followers by surprise, while he himself held the western city and fought the Qiang. Bin crossed South Mountain and entered Baodungu to mop them up. The Qiang were beaten and fled north, and the mountains on all four sides were emptied. Zhan put Xinmu and eight others to death, then seized and beheaded every Qiang still in the city until severed heads were heaped like a hill.
22
初，贍諷諸酋籍勝兵者涅其臂，無應者。 篯羅結請歸帥本路為唱，贍聽之去，遂嘯集外叛，以數千人圍邈川，夏眾十萬助之，城中危甚。 苗履、姚雄來援，圍始解。 已而王吉、魏釗、种樸相繼敗沒，將士奪氣。 書聞，帝震駭，於是轉運使李譓、秦希甫劾贍盜取二城財物，因此致變； 又殺心牟欽氈以滅口。 曾布言贍創造事端以生邊害，萬死不塞責。 詔貶右千牛將軍，房州安置。 言者論之不已，熙河又奏青唐諸族怨贍入骨髓，日圖報復，樞密院乞斬贍以謝一方。 詔配昌化軍，行至穰縣而縊。
Earlier Zhan had hinted to the chiefs that men registered as fit for battle should tattoo their arms, but no one complied. Zhanluojie asked leave to return home and lead his native circuit as a rallying cry; Zhan allowed him to go. He then mustered rebels from outside, and with several thousand men besieged Miaochuan while a hundred thousand Xia troops came to their aid. The city was in extreme danger. Miao Lü and Yao Xiong arrived with reinforcements, and only then was the siege broken. Before long Wang Ji, Wei Zhao, and Zhong Pu were defeated and killed in turn, and officers and soldiers lost heart. When word reached the throne, the emperor was deeply alarmed. The transport commissioner Li Kui and Qin Xifu then impeached Zhan for looting the wealth of the two cities and thereby provoking the revolt; they also charged that he had killed Xinmu Qinzan to silence him. Zeng Bu declared that Zhan had deliberately stirred up trouble and brought calamity to the frontier, and that even death ten thousand times over would not atone for it. An edict demoted him to Right General of the Thousand-Ox Guard and ordered him confined to Fang Prefecture. Critics would not let the matter rest. Xihe also reported that the Qingtang tribes hated Zhan to the bone and plotted revenge every day, and the Bureau of Military Affairs asked that he be executed to appease the region. An edict banished him to Changhua Army, but on the road at Xiang County he hanged himself.
23
崇甯初，蔡京入相，錢遹訟贍功； 及王厚平鄯、廓，於是追贈保平軍節度觀察留後，除其子玨通事舍人。
At the opening of the Chongning era, after Cai Jing became chief councilor, Qian Tong petitioned on behalf of Zhan's achievements; and when Wang Hou pacified Shan and Kuo, the court posthumously enfeoffed Zhan as Military Commissioner and Observation Regent of Baoping Army and appointed his son Jue as Attendant at the Office of Transmission Affairs.
24
張守約
Zhang Shouyue
25
張守約，字希參，濮州人。 以蔭主原州截原砦，招羌酋水令逋等十七族萬一千帳。 為廣南走馬承受公事，當儂寇之後，二年四詣闕，陳南方利害，皆見納用，歐陽修薦其有智略、知邊事，擢知融州。 峒將吳儂恃險為邊患，捕誅之。 修復薦守約可任將帥，為定州路駐泊都監，徙秦鳳。 居職六年，括生羌隱土千頃以募射手，築硤石堡、甘穀城，第功最多。
Zhang Shouyue, courtesy name Xican, was a native of Puzhou. Through hereditary privilege he became commander of Jiayuan Fort in Yuan Prefecture and recruited seventeen tribes, including the Qiang chieftain Shuilingbo, totaling eleven thousand tents. He served as Guangnan mobile inspection commissioner. In the aftermath of the Nong rebellion he visited court four times within two years to set out the strategic interests of the south, and each proposal was accepted. Ouyang Xiu recommended him for his shrewdness and knowledge of frontier affairs, and he was promoted to administer Rong Prefecture. The cave chieftain Wu Nong relied on rugged terrain to plague the frontier; Shouyue captured and executed him. Ouyang Xiu again recommended Shouyue as fit for high command. He was made chief garrison commander on the Dingzhou circuit and then transferred to Qin-Feng. In six years of service he registered a thousand qing of concealed land among the raw Qiang to recruit archers, built Xiashi Fort and Gangu city, and ranked first in merit.
26
夏人萬騎來寇，守約適巡邊，與之遇，不解鞍，簡兵五百逆戰，眾寡不侔，勢小卻。 夏人張兩翼來，守約挺身立陣前，自節金鼓，發強弩殪其酋，敵遂退。
Ten thousand Xia horsemen came raiding. Shouyue happened to be on a border inspection and met them. Without even dismounting, he picked five hundred men to meet the attack, but being badly outnumbered his force gave a little ground. The Xia opened both wings. Shouyue stepped to the front of the line, himself beat the drums and gongs, and with powerful crossbows brought down their chieftain. The enemy then withdrew.
27
神宗開拓熙河，召問曰：「王韶能辦事否？」 對曰：「以天威臨之，當無不濟； 但董氈忠勤效順，恐不宜侵逼。」 因請名古渭為軍，以根本隴右。 帝從之，建為通遠軍。 加通事舍人、熙河鈐轄，仍統秦鳳羌兵駐通遠。
When Emperor Shenzong opened the campaign to develop the Xihe region, he summoned Shouyue and asked, "Can Wang Shao carry the task through?" He answered, "With the majesty of the throne bearing down on them, nothing should fail; but Dongzhan has been loyal, diligent, and obedient, and I fear it would be unwise to press and encroach upon him." He then asked that ancient Wei be made a military prefecture so that Longyou might be secured at its root. The emperor agreed, and it was established as Tongyuan Army. He was further appointed Attendant at the Office of Transmission Affairs and controller of the Xihe circuit, and continued to command the Qin-Feng Qiang troops stationed at Tongyuan.
28
河州羌率眾三萬屯於敦波，欲復舊地，守約度洮水擊破之，取窖粟食軍。 羌老弱畜產走南山，左右欲邀之，雲可獲萬萬。 守約曰：「彼非敢迎戰，逃死耳，輒出者斬！」 鬼章圍岷州，守約提敢死士鳴鼓張幟高山上，賊驚顧而遁，遂知岷州，降其首領千七百人。 遷西上閣門使、知鎮戎軍，徙環州。
The Qiang of He Prefecture mustered thirty thousand men and encamped at Dunbo, intending to recover their old lands. Shouyue crossed the Tao River, routed them, and took grain from their hidden stores to feed his army. The Qiang elderly, women, children, and livestock fled toward South Mountain. His officers wanted to cut them off, saying the booty would run into the tens of thousands. Shouyue said, "They did not dare stand and fight—they are running for their lives. Anyone who sallies out without orders will be beheaded!" When Guizhang besieged Min Prefecture, Shouyue led dare-to-die troops to beat drums and raise banners on the heights. The enemy looked back in alarm and fled. He then became prefect of Min and received the surrender of seventeen hundred chieftains. He was promoted to Western Upper Gate Commissioner and put in charge of Zhenrong Army, then transferred to Huan Prefecture.
29
慕家族頡佷難制，搖動種落，勒兵討擒之，余遁入夏國。 守約駐師境上，檄取不置，居數日，械以來，斬於市。
The Mu family was fierce and unruly and stirred up the tribes. He led troops against them, captured them, and the rest fled into Xia territory. Shouyue kept his army on the border and issued demand after demand for their surrender. After several days they were brought in chains and executed in the marketplace.
30
從征靈武，至清遠軍，言于高遵裕曰：「此去靈州不三百里，用以前軍先出，直搗其城。 今夏人以一方之力，應五路之師，橫山無人，靈州城中惟僧道數百。 若裹十日糧，疾馳三日可至，軍無事矣。」 又勸高遵裕令士眾護糧餉，以防抄掠，不聽，果以敗還。 守約有捍海南咸平之功，亦不錄。
On the campaign against Lingwu he reached Qingyuan Army and said to Gao Zunyu, "Ling Prefecture is less than three hundred li from here. Send the vanguard out first and strike straight at the city. Right now the Xia are stretching the strength of one region to answer five invading armies. Hengshan is empty, and inside Ling Prefecture there are only a few hundred monks and Daoist priests. If we carry ten days' rations and ride hard, we can reach it in three days and the campaign will be over." He also urged Gao Zunyu to have the troops guard the grain convoys against raiders, but Gao would not listen, and in the end the army returned in defeat. Shouyue had also earned merit defending the Hainan and Xiaping regions, yet even that went unrewarded.
31
進為環慶都鈐轄、知邠州，徙涇原、鄜延、秦鳳副總管，領康州刺史。 夏人十萬屯南牟，畏其名，引去。 知涇州，涇水善暴城，每春必增治堤堰，費不貲。 適歲饑，罷其役。 或曰：「如水害何？」 守約曰：「歉歲勞民，甚於河患，吾且徐圖之。」 河神祠故在南壖，禱而遷諸北，以殺河怒。 一夕雷雨，明日，河徙而南，其北遂為沙磧。 以龍、神衛四廂都指揮使召還，道卒，年七十五。
He was promoted to controller of the Huan-Qing circuit and prefect of Bin, then made deputy overall commander of Jingyuan, Yan-Yan, and Qin-Feng while also holding office as prefect of Kang. When a hundred thousand Xia encamped at Nanmou, they withdrew at the mere mention of his name. As prefect of Jing, he found that the Jing River often burst its banks and threatened the city walls. Every spring the dikes and sluices had to be rebuilt at enormous cost. A famine year came, and he suspended the work. Someone asked, "But what if the river floods?" Shouyue replied, "In a bad harvest year, exhausting the people is worse than any flood. I will deal with the river in due time." The shrine of the River God had stood on the south bank. After offering prayers he moved it to the north, hoping to soften the river's fury. One night brought thunder and rain. The next day the river shifted south, and the ground to the north became sandy waste. He was recalled as commander of the four wings of the Dragon and Divine Guard, but died on the journey at the age of seventy-five.
32
守約典七州，皆有惠愛可紀。 神宗嘗謂武臣可任者，以燕達、劉昌祚、姚麟、王崇極、劉舜卿等對，其後皆為名將，時稱知人。
Shouyue governed seven prefectures, and in each his kindness and care were worth recording. When Emperor Shenzong once asked which military men were fit for appointment, he named Yan Da, Liu Changzuo, Yao Lin, Wang Chongji, Liu Shunqing, and others—all of whom later became celebrated generals—and at the time he was praised for knowing men.
33
王文郁
Wang Wenyu
34
王文郁，字周卿，麟州新秦人。 以供奉官為府州巡檢。 韓琦薦其材，加閣門祗候、麟府駐泊都監。
Wang Wenyu, courtesy name Zhouqing, was a native of Xinqin in Lin Prefecture. Starting as an attendance officer, he served as frontier inspector of Fu Prefecture. Han Qi recommended his ability, and he was promoted to Gate Attendant and chief garrison commander on the Lin-Fu frontier.
35
熙甯討夏國，文鬱敗之吐渾河。 其將香崖夜遣使以劍為信，欲舉眾降，許之。 旦而至，與偕行，眾情忽變，噪以出。 文鬱擊之，追奔二十里。 據險大戰，矢下如雨，文郁徐引度河，謂吏士曰：「前追強敵，後背天險，韓信驅市人且破趙，況爾曹皆百戰驍勇邪？」 士感奮進擊，夏人大潰，降其眾二千。 遷通事舍人。 夏人逾屈野河，掠塞上，文郁追至長城阪，盡奪所掠而還。
During the Xining campaign against Xia, Wenyu defeated the enemy on the Tu-hun River. His subordinate Xiangya sent an envoy by night with a sword as pledge, offering to bring his forces over in surrender, and Wenyu agreed. At dawn Xiangya arrived and set out with him, but the mood of the men suddenly shifted and they clamored to break out. Wenyu attacked them and pursued the fleeing enemy twenty li. They fought a fierce battle in rugged terrain while arrows fell like rain. Wenyu slowly led his men across the river and told his officers and soldiers, "Ahead lies a powerful foe; behind us is a natural barrier. Han Xin drove shopkeepers and still broke Zhao—how much more should you, who are all seasoned and fierce in battle?" The men were roused and pressed the attack. The Xia were utterly routed, and two thousand of them surrendered. He was promoted to Attendant at the Office of Transmission Affairs. When the Xia crossed the Quye River and raided the frontier, Wenyu pursued them to Changcheng Slope, recovered everything they had taken, and returned.
36
神宗召見，問曰：「向者招納香崖，群議不一，其為朕言之。」 對曰：「此乃致敵上策，恨未能，多爾。 並邊生羌善馳突，識鄉導，儻能撫柔之，所謂以外夷而攻外夷也。」 帝於是決意招納，多獲其用。 知文郁善左射，並招其子弟閱肄殿庭，文鬱九發八中，詔官其二子。
Emperor Shenzong summoned him and asked, "When we earlier sought to win over Xiangya, the court was divided. Explain your thinking to me." He answered, "That was the best way to draw the enemy in. I only regret that we could not do more of it. The raw Qiang along the border excel at swift raids and know every path. If they can be won over and treated kindly, that is what is meant by using one outer people to strike another." The emperor then resolved to pursue such recruitment and often profited from it. Learning that Wenyu was a skilled left-handed archer, the emperor also summoned his sons and nephews to drill in the palace courtyard. Wenyu hit eight of nine shots, and an edict granted office to two of his sons.
37
知鎮戎、德順軍，預定洮、河，遷左騏驥副使、知麟州。 夏眾踐稼，襲敗之，部使者劾為生事，奪郡印。
He governed Zhenrong and Deshun armies, took part in securing the Tao and He regions, and was promoted to Left Qilin Vice Commissioner and prefect of Lin. When Xia troops trampled the crops, he struck and defeated them, but a circuit inspector impeached him for provoking trouble and stripped him of his prefectural seal.
38
未幾，為熙河將。 李憲討靈武，文鬱得羌戶萬余，遷路鈐轄。 夏人圍蘭州，已奪兩關門，文鬱募死士夜縋而下，持短兵突賊，即掃營去。 擢東上閣門使、知蘭州。 諜知夏人將大入，清野以俟，果舉國趨皋蘭，文鬱乘城禦之，殺傷如積，圍九日而解，收其屍為京觀，加榮州團練使，以捧日、天武都指揮使為副都總管，以殿前都虞候知河州。 築安西城、金城關，進秦州防禦、冀州觀察使。 卒，年六十六。
Before long he was made a general on the Xihe frontier. On Li Xian's campaign against Lingwu, Wenyu brought over more than ten thousand Qiang households and was promoted to circuit controller. When the Xia besieged Lan Prefecture and had already seized two gate towers, Wenyu recruited dare-to-die troops who were lowered by rope at night, seized short weapons, burst into the enemy camp, and then swept it clean before withdrawing. He was promoted to Eastern Upper Gate Commissioner and put in charge of Lan Prefecture. Spies reported that the Xia were about to invade in force. He cleared the countryside and waited, and indeed the whole Xia state marched on Gaolan. Wenyu held the walls and fought them off until casualties lay in heaps. After nine days the siege was lifted. He piled the enemy dead into a victory mound, was additionally made Regimental Commissioner of Rongzhou, appointed deputy overall commander with command of the Pengri and Tianwu guards, and made Palace Front Command Vice Commissioner and prefect of He. He built Anxi city and Jincheng Pass and was promoted to Defense Commissioner of Qin and Observation Commissioner of Ji. He died at the age of sixty-six.
39
周永清
Zhou Yongqing
40
周永清字肅之。 世家靈州，州陷，祖美歸京師。 永清以蔭從仕，宰相寵籍言其忠勇，加閣門祗候。 押時服賜夏國，至宥州，夏人受賜不跪，詰之，恐而跪。 遷通事舍人、渭州鈐轄。 渭兵勁而陳伍不講，永清訓以李靖法。 帥蔡挺嘉其整，圖上之，詔推于諸道。
Zhou Yongqing, courtesy name Suzhi. His family had long been established in Ling Prefecture. When the prefecture fell, his grandfather Mei returned to the capital. Yongqing entered office through hereditary privilege. The chief councilor Pang Ji spoke of his loyalty and courage, and he was promoted to Gate Attendant. While escorting seasonal gifts to the Xia state, he reached You Prefecture, where the Xia received the gifts without kneeling. He rebuked them, and in fear they knelt. He was promoted to Attendant at the Office of Transmission Affairs and controller of Wei Prefecture. The Wei troops were fierce but their formations were undisciplined, so Yongqing drilled them according to Li Jing's methods. The commander Cai Ting praised his discipline, submitted diagrams to the throne, and an edict ordered the method spread to every circuit.
41
知德順軍，夏眾入寇，擊擒其酋呂效忠。 又募勇士夜馳百里，搗賊巢穴，斬首三百級，俘數千人，獲橐駝、甲馬萬計。 城中無知者。 並砦禁地三百里，盜耕不可禁，永清拓籍數千頃，置射士二千，聲聞敵廷。 降者引入帳下，待之不疑。 多得其死力。
As commander of Deshun Army, when Xia forces raided the frontier he attacked and captured their chieftain Lü Xiaozhong. He also recruited brave men who rode a hundred li by night, struck the enemy nest, took three hundred heads, captured several thousand men, and seized camels, armor, and horses by the tens of thousands. Those in the city knew nothing of the raid until it was over. For three hundred li around the border forts, forbidden land was illegally farmed and could not be stopped. Yongqing expanded the registered domain by several thousand qing, posted two thousand archers, and his reputation reached the enemy court. He brought surrenderers into his own tent and treated them without suspicion. Many repaid him with their utmost loyalty.
42
徙秦鳳鈐轄、河北沿邊安撫副使、知代州。 契丹無名求地，朝廷命韓縝分畫，永清貳焉，入對言：「疆境不可輕與人，臣職守土，不願行。」 固遣之，復上章陳利害，竟以母病辭。 曆高陽關、定州、涇原路鈐轄，知涇州、保州，又為定州路副總管，終東上閣門使。
He was transferred to controller of the Qin-Feng circuit, deputy frontier pacification commissioner of Hebei, and prefect of Dai. When the Khitan demanded land without clear cause, the court ordered Han Zhen to demarcate the border and assigned Yongqing as his second. Appearing before the emperor he said, "Territory must not be lightly surrendered. My duty is to guard the land, and I do not wish to go. The emperor sent him anyway. He submitted another memorial explaining the advantages and disadvantages, and in the end declined on the grounds of his mother's illness. He served successively as controller of Gaoyang Pass, Ding Prefecture, and the Jingyuan circuit, as prefect of Jing and Bao, and as deputy commander-in-chief of the Ding circuit, and ended his career as Attendant on the Eastern Upper Gate.
43
劉紹能
Liu Shaoneng
44
劉紹能字及之，保安軍人。 世為諸族巡檢，父懷忠，官內殿崇班、閣門祗候。 元昊叛，厚以金幣及王爵招之，懷忠毀印斬使，洎入寇，力戰以死。 錄紹能右班殿直，賜以名，為軍北巡檢。 擊破夏右樞密院黨移賞糧數萬眾于順寧。 夏人圍大順城，紹能為軍鋒，毀其柵，至奈王川，邀擊于長城嶺，熙寧中，又敗夏人於破囉川，皆策功最。 累遷洛苑使、英州刺史、鄜延兵馬都監。 舊制，內屬者不與漢官齒，至是，悉如之，仍以其子襲故職。
Liu Shaoneng, courtesy name Jizhi, was from Bao'an Army. For generations the family had served as inspectors of the frontier tribes. His father, Huai Zhong, held the posts of Inner Hall Honorary Companion and Attendant at the Gate. When Yuan Hao rebelled, he tried to win Huai Zhong over with lavish gifts of gold and silk and the offer of a princely title. Huai Zhong destroyed the seal and beheaded the envoy. When the Xia subsequently invaded, he fought to the death. Shaoneng was enrolled in office as Right Squad Palace Guard and granted the imperial surname; he was appointed northern frontier inspector of the army. At Shunning he routed tens of thousands of troops under Dang Yishaliang of the Xia Right Privy Council. When Xia forces besieged Dashun City, Shaoneng led the vanguard, destroyed their palisades, and pushed as far as Naiwang River; he ambushed the enemy at Changcheng Ridge. In the Xining reign he again defeated Xia forces at Poluo River, and in each case his merit was ranked first. He rose through the ranks to Luoyuan Commissioner, prefect of Ying, and chief military inspector of Fuyan. Under the old regulations, frontier subjects who had come under imperial authority were not ranked on equal footing with Han officials. Now they were all treated alike, and his son was allowed to inherit his former post.
45
元豐西討，召詣闕，神宗訪以計，對曰：「師旅遠征，儲偫不繼為大患。 若俟西成後，因糧深入，乃可以得志。」 帝以為然，命統兩軍進討。 紹能世世邊將，為敵所忌，每設疑以間之。 帝獨明其不然，手詔云：「紹能戰功最多，忠勇第一，此必夏人畏忌，為間害之計耳。」 紹能捧詔感泣。 嘗坐讒逮對，按驗卒無實。 守邊圉四十七年，大小五十戰，以皇城使、簡州團練使卒。
During the Yuanfeng western expedition he was summoned to court. Emperor Shenzong asked his advice on strategy, and he replied, "On a distant campaign, the greatest danger is when supplies run out and cannot keep pace with the army. If we wait until the western harvest is in and then advance deep into enemy territory, relying on local grain, we can achieve our objective. The emperor agreed and ordered him to command both armies in the advance. For generations the Shaoneng family had served as frontier generals, and the enemy feared them. They repeatedly planted suspicion in hopes of driving a wedge between Shaoneng and the court. The emperor alone saw through this and wrote in his own hand: "Shaoneng's battle merit is the greatest and his loyalty and courage unmatched. This rumor must be the work of the Xia, who fear him and seek to destroy him through suspicion. Shaoneng received the edict with both hands and wept. He was once implicated by slander and summoned for interrogation, but investigation found no substance to the charges. He defended the frontier for forty-seven years and fought fifty engagements, large and small. He died while serving as Imperial City Commissioner and regimented militia commissioner of Jian.
46
王光祖
Wang Guangzu
47
王光祖，字君俞，開封人。 父珪，為涇原勇將，號「王鐵鞭」，戰死好水川。 錄光祖為供奉官、閣門祗候。
Wang Guangzu, courtesy name Junyu, was from Kaifeng. His father Gui was a fierce general of Jingyuan known as "Iron Whip Wang"; he was killed in battle at Haoshui River. Guangzu was enrolled in office as Attendant-official and Attendant at the Gate in recognition of his father's service.
48
熙寧中，同提點河北刑獄，改沿邊安撫都監，進副使。 界河巡檢趙用擾北邊，契丹以兵數萬壓境，造浮橋，如欲度者。 光祖在舟中，對其眾盡徹戶牖。 或謂：「契丹方陣，而以單舟臨之，如不測何？」 光祖曰：「彼所顧者，信誓也； 其來，欲得趙用耳。 避之則勢張，吾死不足塞責。」 已而契丹欲相與言，光祖即命子襄往。 兵刃四合，然語唯在用，襄隨機折塞之。 其將蕭禧遽揮兵去，且邀襄食，付所戴青羅泥金笠以為信，即上之。 時已有詔罷光祖矣。 吳充曰：「向非光祖以身對壘，又使子冒白刃取從約，則事未可知。 宜賞而黜，何以示懲勸？」 乃除真定鈐轄。
During the Xining reign he served as co-intendant of Hebei judicial affairs, then was transferred to chief inspector of frontier pacification and promoted to vice commissioner. Zhao Yong, the border-river inspector, was causing trouble on the northern frontier. The Khitan mobilized tens of thousands of troops along the border, built pontoon bridges, and appeared ready to cross. Guangzu was aboard his boat; facing the Khitan army, he had every door and window removed from the vessel. Someone said, "The Khitan are in full battle formation, and you are approaching in a single boat. What if something goes wrong? Guangzu replied, "What they care about is the sworn faith between our states; They have come only to get Zhao Yong. If we avoid them their pressure will only grow. My death alone would not be enough to answer for this responsibility. Before long the Khitan asked to parley. Guangzu at once sent his son Xiang. Blades surrounded him on every side, but the talks concerned only Zhao Yong, and Xiang parried each demand as it came. The Khitan general Xiao Xi abruptly withdrew his troops, invited Xiang to a meal, and gave him the green silk hat flecked with gold mud that he was wearing as a token of good faith. Xiang at once presented it to the throne. An edict removing Guangzu from office had already been issued. Wu Chong said, "Had Guangzu not faced the enemy in person and sent his son through drawn blades to secure agreement, the outcome might have been disastrous. To reward merit with dismissal—what sort of message does that send about encouragement and punishment? Guangzu was then appointed controller of Zhending.
49
徙梓夔。 渝獠叛，詔熊本安撫，而命內藏庫使楊萬、成都鈐轄賈昌言、梓夔都監王宣與光祖同致討，皆受本節度。 本疑光祖不為用，分三道進師，使光祖將後軍，出黃沙坎。 比發，日已暮，士以杖索塗，相挽而前，夜半，抵絕頂。 質明，獠望見，大駭，一鼓而潰。 萬等困於松谿，又亟往援。 出石門，敓其險，促黔兵先登襲賊，賊舍去。 光祖夜泊松嶺上，旦始遇萬等，與俱還。 本愧謝，上其功第一。
He was transferred to the Zikui region. When the Liao of Yu rebelled, the court appointed Xiong Ben pacification commissioner and ordered Inner Treasury Commissioner Yang Wan, Chengdu controller Jia Changyan, Zikui chief inspector Wang Xuan, and Guangzu to join in the punitive campaign, all under Ben's command. Ben doubted that Guangzu would follow orders. He divided the force into three columns and assigned Guangzu the rear column, sent out through Huangsha Pass. By the time they set out, dusk had fallen. The men used staffs to feel their way along the trail, pulling one another forward, and by midnight they had reached the summit. At dawn the rebels saw them, were terrified, and broke at the first drumbeat. Yang Wan and his force were pinned down at Song Creek, and Guangzu hurried to their relief. He pushed through Shimen Pass, seized the high ground, and sent Qian troops up first to strike the rebels, who abandoned their positions. Guangzu camped overnight on Song Ridge and did not meet Wan's force until dawn, after which they returned together. Ben apologized and submitted a report ranking Guangzu's merit first.
50
吐蕃圍茂州，光祖領兵三千，會王中正破雞宗關，賊據石鼓村，扼其半道。 中正召諸將問計，光祖獨請行。 既抵石鼓，擇銳兵分襲吐蕃背，出其不意，皆驚遁，遂會中正於茂。
When Tibetans besieged Maozhou, Guangzu led three thousand troops. Wang Zhongzheng had broken through Jizong Pass, but the enemy held Shigu Village and blocked the mid-route. Zhongzheng summoned the generals for counsel; Guangzu alone volunteered to go. Reaching Shigu, he chose elite troops for a divided strike on the Tibetan rear. Caught by surprise, the enemy fled in panic, and Guangzu joined Zhongzheng at Maozhou.
51
瀘夷乞弟殺王宣，詔從韓存寶討之，軍于梅嶺。 夷數萬眾出駐落個棧，欲老我師。 霖雨不止，光祖勸存寶早決戰。 不聽。 林廣至，復從征，蕩其巢窟。 積功至四方館使、知瀘州。 置瀘南安撫使，俾兼領，邊事聽顓決。 遷客省使、嘉州刺史。 曆涇原、河東、定州路副總管，卒。
The Lu tribal leader Qidi killed Wang Xuan. An edict ordered Guangzu to join Han Cunbao in a punitive expedition, and the army encamped at Meiling. The tribesmen mustered tens of thousands at Luoge Stack, intending to wear down the Song army. The rains would not let up, and Guangzu urged Cunbao to commit to battle soon. Cunbao refused to listen. When Lin Guang arrived, Guangzu joined the campaign again and swept their strongholds clean. Through accumulated merit he rose to Commissioner of the Four Directions Hall and prefect of Lu. When the post of Southern Pacification Commissioner of Lu was established, he was given it concurrently, with sole authority over frontier affairs. He was promoted to Commissioner of the Office of Guests and prefect of Jia. He served successively as deputy commander-in-chief of the Jingyuan, Hedong, and Ding circuits, then died.
52
李浩，字直夫，家本綏州，徙西河。 浩務學，通兵法，以父定蔭，從軍破儂智高。 韓絳城囉兀，領兵戰賞堡嶺川，殺大首領訛革多移，斬首千三百餘級。 積官供備庫副使、廣西都監。
Li Hao, courtesy name Zhifu, came from a family originally of Suizhou that had moved to Xihe. Hao devoted himself to study and mastered military science. Through his father Ding's privilege of inherited appointment he joined the army and helped defeat Nong Zhigao. When Han Jiang fortified Luowu, Hao led troops in battle at Shangbao Lingchuan, killed the great chieftain E Geduoyi, and took more than thirteen hundred heads. He rose through successive posts to deputy commissioner of the Prepared Stores Bureau and chief military inspector of Guangxi.
53
裒西北疆事著《安邊策》，謁王安石。 安石言之神宗，召對，改管幹麟府兵馬。 未行，又從章惇于南江，引兵由三路屯鎮江，入遂州，討舒光貴，破盈口柵，下天府，會於洽州，入懿州。 蠻酋田元猛、元哲合狤狑拒官軍，浩分兵擊之，殺狤狑，降元猛、元哲，遂城懿州。 進討黔江蠻，復城黔江。 惇上其功，謂不當與他將比，擢引進副使、熙河鈐轄。
He compiled his knowledge of northwest frontier affairs into Policies for Securing the Border and presented himself to Wang Anshi. Anshi recommended him to Emperor Shenzong. Hao was summoned to audience and appointed director-in-chief of Lin-Fu military affairs. Before he could depart he was sent again with Zhang Dun to Nanjiang. He led troops along three routes, garrisoned Zhenjiang, entered Suizhou, and campaigned against Shu Guanggui. He broke through Yingkou Palisade, took Tianfu, rendezvoused at Qia, and pushed into Yi. The tribal chieftains Tian Yuanmeng and Yuanzhe joined with Jiji to resist the imperial army. Hao divided his force, killed Jiji, received the surrender of Yuanmeng and Yuanzhe, and then fortified Yizhou. Advancing against the Qianjiang tribes, he recovered and rebuilt Qianjiang. Zhang Dun submitted a report on his merit, arguing that he should not be ranked alongside ordinary generals. Hao was promoted to Vice Introducer and controller of the Xihe circuit.
54
李憲討山后羌，浩將右軍至合龍嶺會戰，遣降羌乞嘊輕騎突敵帳，俘其酋冷雞朴、李密撒，馘三千。 遷東上閣門使，為副總管、知河州、安撫洮西。 五路大舉，浩將前軍，復蘭州。 遷引進使、隴州防禦使、知蘭州兼熙河、涇原安撫副使。 坐西關失守及報上不實，再貶秩。 旋以戰吃囉、瓦井連立功，復之。
When Li Xian campaigned against the Shanhou Qiang, Hao led the right wing to battle at Helong Ridge. He sent the surrendered Qiang Qi'ai with light cavalry to burst into the enemy camp, captured the chieftains Leng Jipu and Li Misa, and took three thousand heads. He was promoted to Attendant on the Eastern Upper Gate, appointed deputy commander-in-chief, prefect of He, and pacification commissioner of the Taoxi region. In the five-route grand offensive, Hao led the vanguard and recaptured Lanzhou. He was promoted to Introducer and defense commissioner of Long, given Lan Prefecture with concurrent posts as deputy pacification commissioner for the Xihe and Jingyuan circuits. He was demoted twice for the loss of Xiguan and for making false reports to the throne. Soon afterward, through successive victories at Chiluo and Wajing, his rank was restored.
55
哲宗即位，拜忠州防禦使、捧日天武都指揮使、馬軍都虞候，進黔州觀察使，曆鄜延、太原、永興、環慶路副都總管，再知蘭州。 卒，贈安化軍留後。
When Emperor Zhezong ascended the throne, Hao was appointed defense commissioner of Zhong, commander of the Pons Day Heavenly Martial Guard, and deputy commander of the horse army; promoted to observation commissioner of Qian; served successively as deputy overall commander of the Fuyan, Taiyuan, Yongxing, and Huanqing circuits; and again became prefect of Lan. He died and was posthumously granted the title of military commissioner of Anhua.
56
和斌，字勝之，濮州鄄城人。 選隸散直，為德順軍指揮使，凡五年，數捍敵，被重創十餘。 知軍事劉兼濟以兄平敗沒，執送京師，並逮其家。 斌慰安調護，為寓金帛他所，密告兼濟勿以家為恤。 平冤既伸，兼濟獲免，家賴以全。 定川之役，將曹偀喪所乘馬，斌輟騎與之，且戰且行，與俱免。
He Bin, courtesy name Shengzhi, was from Juancheng in Pu Prefecture. After selection for the Scattered Direct Guard he became commander of Deshun Army. Over five years he repeatedly repelled the enemy and suffered more than ten serious wounds. Liu Jianji, the military administrator, was arrested and sent to the capital because his elder brother Ping had been defeated and killed; his whole family was taken into custody as well. Bin comforted and cared for him, hid gold and silk elsewhere, and secretly told Jianji not to worry about his family. When Ping's name was cleared, Jianji was spared, and his family was preserved intact. At the battle of Dingchuan, General Cao Ying lost his mount. Bin gave him his own horse, and fighting as they withdrew, both escaped alive.
57
狄青南征，使部騎兵為前鋒。 青駐賓州十日以怠寇，既乃倍道兼行。 斌以兵疲於險，利在速戰，即日度關。 鏖賊歸仁驛，孫節死，斌引騎血戰，繞出賊後，遂敗之。 師還，張破賊陳形於殿廷，仁宗拊勞，擢文思副使、權廣西鈐轄。 改秦鳳，廣西以蠻事乞留，秦州亦請之，詔留廣西。
On Di Qing's southern expedition, Bin commanded the cavalry vanguard. Qing held at Binzhou for ten days to lull the enemy, then marched at double speed. Bin saw that the troops were exhausted on difficult terrain and that speed was essential. That same day they crossed the pass. At Guiren Post they fought a fierce engagement in which Sun Jie was killed. Bin led his cavalry through bloody combat, swung around behind the enemy, and routed them. When the army returned, Di Qing displayed diagrams of the broken enemy formation in the palace hall. Emperor Renzong personally commended him and promoted Bin to Vice Commissioner of Literary Endeavor and acting controller of Guangxi. He was transferred to Qin-Feng, but Guangxi petitioned to keep him because of tribal unrest, and Qin Prefecture petitioned for him as well. An edict ordered him to remain in Guangxi.
58
累歲，徙涇原。 召對，議者謂交州可取，斌盛言有害無益，願戒邊臣無妄動。 神宗歎曰：「卿質直如此，乃知兩路爭卿，為不誣矣。」 進帶禦器械。 渭部饑，帥王廣淵命吏賑給，斌曰：「救之無術，是殺之耳。」 廣淵以委斌，斌擇地營居，養視有法，所活以萬數。
After several years he was transferred to Jingyuan. Summoned to audience, he heard officials argue that Jiaozhi could be taken. Bin argued forcefully that the venture would do more harm than good and urged the emperor to warn frontier officials against rash action. Emperor Shenzong sighed and said, "With such plainspoken integrity as yours, no wonder both circuits were competing for your services. He was promoted to Bearer of Imperial Ordinance. When famine struck Wei, the commander Wang Guangyuan ordered clerks to distribute relief. Bin said, "Relief without a proper plan is no better than killing them outright. Guangyuan put the task in Bin's hands. Bin chose sites, organized camps, and administered relief with proper method, saving tens of thousands of lives.
59
安南入寇，復徙廣西。 累遷皇城使、昭州刺史。 撫水蠻羅世念犯宜州，守將戰死。 斌提步騎三千進討，方暑，晝夜趣兵，至懷遠寨，曰：「此要害之地，得之則生。」 或曰：「奈何背龍江邪？」 笑曰：「是所以生也。」 因示弱驕之，蠻果大至，斌選將迎敵，戒以遇之則走，誘至平阪，列八陣以待之。 張疑兵左右山上，蠻登嶺望見，始大驚。 斌分騎翼其旁，自被甲步出，為眾士先，殊死戰。 蠻大敗，世念率酋黨四千八百內附。 遂以榮州團練使知宜州，遷西上閣門使、知邕州，以老請還，除高陽關副總管，曆永興軍路。 召拜龍、神衛四廂都指揮，至步軍都虞候，卒，年八十。 贈寧州防禦使。
When Annam invaded, he was transferred back to Guangxi. He rose through successive posts to Imperial City Commissioner and prefect of Zhao. Luo Shinan of the Fushui tribes attacked Yizhou, and the defending general was killed in battle. Bin led three thousand infantry and cavalry on a punitive expedition. In the heat of summer he forced the march day and night. Reaching Huaiyuan Stockade he said, "This is the key ground. Seize it and we live. Someone said, "How can we turn our backs to the Long River? He laughed and said, "That is precisely why we shall live. He then deliberately showed weakness to goad them into overconfidence, and the tribesmen came in full force as expected. Bin chose officers to meet them and ordered them to retreat on contact, drawing the enemy onto open ground where he had drawn up the Eight Formations in waiting. He had placed decoy troops on the hills to either flank. When the tribesmen climbed a ridge and saw them, they were at last thrown into great alarm. Bin split his cavalry to attack from the flanks. He personally donned armor and marched out on foot at the head of the men, fighting with utter desperation. The tribesmen were routed. Shinan led four thousand eight hundred chieftains and followers in surrendering to the dynasty. He was appointed militia commissioner of Rong while administering Yizhou, then promoted to Western Upper Gate Commissioner and put in charge of Yong. When age prompted him to ask for recall, he was made deputy overall commander at Gaoyang Pass and served successively along the Yongxing circuit. He was recalled to court and appointed commander of the four wings of the Dragon and Divine Guard armies, rising finally to vice commander of the infantry. He died at the age of eighty. He was posthumously honored as defense commissioner of Ning.
60
斌老於為將，以恩信得邊人心，嶺南珍貨，一無所蓄。 邊吏欲希功造事，皆憚不敢發； 或巧為諜報啟釁，亦必折其奸謀。 故所至無事，士大夫稱之。
Bin was a veteran commander who won over the frontier through kindness and trustworthiness. Of Lingnan's rare luxuries he kept nothing for himself. Border officials eager to manufacture incidents for merit all feared him and dared not provoke trouble; and if any craftily fabricated intelligence to provoke conflict, he unfailingly crushed their designs. Wherever he served, the border stayed quiet, and scholars and officials praised him for it.
61
子詵
Son: Shen
62
子詵，以蔭為河北副將，累官至右武大夫、威州刺史、知雄州。 上制勝強遠弓式，能破堅于三百步外，邊人號為「鳳凰弓。」 進相州觀察使。 在雄十年，頗能偵敵。 童貫攻燕，召詵計事，悅之。 分麾下兵俾以副統制，從种師道軍于白溝，旬有二日而退。 追兵至，北風，大雨雹，師不能視。 契丹以背盟譙責，薄暮，始得還。 於是貫以契丹尚盛未可圖，劾詵覘候不實，貶濠州團練副使，筠州安置。
His son Shen entered service through hereditary privilege as a deputy general in Hebei and rose through successive posts to Right Martial Grandee, prefect of Wei, and military administrator of Xiong. The court designed a new long-range Victory Bow pattern capable of piercing armor at three hundred paces and beyond. Border folk called it the "Phoenix Bow. He was promoted to governor of Xiang. During ten years at Xiong he proved skilled at enemy reconnaissance. When Tong Guan launched the Yan campaign, he summoned Shen for counsel and was much taken with him. He detached part of his force to serve under Shen as deputy overall commander, who followed Zhong Shidao's army to Baigou and withdrew after twelve days. Pursuers closed in. A north wind rose and heavy hail fell until the army could hardly see. The Khitan rebuked them for breach of alliance. Only at dusk did they manage to get back. Tong Guan, judging the Khitan still too strong to challenge, impeached Shen for inaccurate intelligence. He was demoted to deputy militia commissioner of Hao and ordered to reside at Yun.
63
詵始興取燕之謀，見事勢浸異，則又以為不宜取，故平燕肆赦，獨不得還。 後復官，卒。
Shen had been among the first to urge the conquest of Yan, but as events shifted he came to argue against it. When the Yan campaign ended in a general amnesty, he alone was excluded from recall. His rank was later restored, and he died.
64
劉仲武
Liu Zhongwu
65
劉仲武，字子文，秦州成紀人。 熙寧中，試射殿庭異等，補官。 數從軍，累轉禮賓使，為涇原將。 夏人謀犯天聖砦，渭帥檄諸將會兵，約曰：「過某日賊不至，即去。」 仲武諜得的期，乞緩分屯。 帥不樂，但留一將及仲武軍，如期而敵至，力戰卻之。 遷皇城使、熙河都監。 復湟州，進東上閣門使、知河州。
Liu Zhongwu, courtesy name Ziwen, was a native of Chengji in Qin. During the Xining reign he tested archery in the palace court at the highest grade and received an official appointment. After several campaigns he rose to Ritual Reception Commissioner and served as a general on the Jingyuan front. When the Tangut planned to attack Tiansheng Stockade, the commander of Wei ordered the generals to assemble and stipulated, "If the enemy fails to appear by the appointed day, withdraw. Zhongwu's scouts learned the enemy's intended date of attack and asked that the dispersed encampments be held longer. The commander was displeased but left only one general with Zhongwu's force. On the appointed day the enemy came, and after hard fighting they were driven back. He was promoted to Imperial City Commissioner and overall supervisor of the Xihe circuit. He recovered Huang and was promoted to Eastern Upper Gate Commissioner with charge of Hezhou.
66
吐蕃趙懷德、狼阿章眾數萬叛命，仲武相持數日，潛遣二將領千騎扣其營，戒曰：「彼出，勿與戰，亟還，伏兵道左。」 二將還，羌果追之，遇伏大敗，斬首三千級，復西寧州。 未幾，懷德、阿章降。 累進客省使、榮州防禦使。
The Tibetan leaders Zhao Huaide and Lang'azhang rebelled with a force of tens of thousands. After confronting them for several days, Zhongwu secretly sent two generals with a thousand horsemen to raid their camp, with orders: "If they sally out, do not engage—withdraw at once while ambush troops lie in wait on the left of the road. The two generals fell back as ordered; the Qiang pursued and ran into the ambush, suffering a crushing defeat. Three thousand heads were taken and Xining was recovered. Before long, Huaide and Azhang submitted. He rose through successive posts to Guest Reception Commissioner and defense commissioner of Rong.
67
副高永年西征。 仲武欲持重固壘，永年易賊輕戰，遂大敗。 仲武引咎自劾，坐流嶺南。 命未下，與夏人戰，傷足。 朝廷閔之，貸其罰，以為西寧都護。
He served as deputy to Gao Yongnian on the western campaign. Zhongwu urged a cautious defense behind fortified camps, but Yongnian treated the enemy lightly and rushed into battle, leading to catastrophic defeat. Zhongwu accepted blame and submitted a self-impeachment. He was sentenced to exile in Lingnan. Before the sentence could be issued, he fought the Tangut again and was wounded in the foot. The court took pity on him, remitted his punishment, and appointed him protector-general of Xining.
68
童貫招誘羌王子臧征僕哥，收積石軍，邀仲武計事。 仲武曰：「王師入，羌必降； 或退伏巢穴，可乘其便。 但河橋功力大，非倉卒可成，緩急要預辦耳。 若稟命待報，慮失事機。」 貫許以便宜。 僕哥果約降，而索一子為質。 仲武即遣子錫往，河橋亦成。 仲武帥師渡河，挈與歸。 貫掩其功，仲武亦不自言。 徽宗遣使持錢至邊，賜獲王者。 訪得仲武，召對，帝勞之曰：「高永年以不用卿言失律，僕哥之降，河南綏定，卿力也。」 問幾子，曰：「九人。」 悉命以官，錫閣門祗候。
Tong Guan worked to win over the Qiang prince Zangzheng Puge, recovered Jishi Army, and summoned Zhongwu for counsel. Zhongwu said, "When the imperial army enters, the Qiang will surely submit; or if they retreat into their mountain strongholds, we can exploit the opening. But building the river bridge is a major undertaking and cannot be finished overnight—it must be prepared well in advance for whatever urgency arises. If we wait for orders from above, I fear we will miss the moment. Guan authorized him to act at his own discretion. Puge did agree to surrender, but demanded that one of Zhongwu's sons be sent as a hostage. Zhongwu at once sent his son Xi, and the river bridge was completed as well. Zhongwu led his army across the river and brought Puge back with him. Guan suppressed credit for the achievement, and Zhongwu said nothing of it himself. Emperor Huizong sent envoys with cash to the frontier to reward those who had taken enemy rulers. When inquiry led them to Zhongwu, he was summoned for audience. The Emperor commended him, saying, "Gao Yongnian fell into disorder for failing to heed your counsel. Puge's surrender and the pacification of the region south of the river were your achievement. The Emperor asked how many sons he had. He answered, "Nine. He ordered all of them given official posts; Xi was appointed Gate Attendant.
69
仲武知西寧州，徙渭州，召為龍、神衛都指揮使，復出熙州、秦州，遷步軍副都指揮使。 熙帥劉法死，又以熙、渭都統制攝之。 曆拜徐州觀察使、保靜軍承宣使、瀘川軍節度使。 以老，提舉明道宮，再起為熙州。 卒於官，年七三。 贈檢校少保，諡曰威肅。 子錡，別有傳。
Zhongwu served as prefect of Xining, was transferred to Wei, recalled as commander of the Dragon and Divine Guard armies, sent out again to Xi and Qin, and promoted to deputy commander of the infantry. When the Xi commander Liu Fa died, he was again appointed acting overall commander of Xi and Wei. He rose through successive appointments as governor of Xu, commissioner of the Baojing Army, and military commissioner of the Luchuan circuit. When age told against him, he was made superintendent of Mingdao Palace, but was later recalled to serve at Xi. He died in office at the age of seventy-three. He was posthumously honored as Investigating and Pacifying Junior Guardian and given the posthumous title Wei Su, "Formidable and Stern." His son Qi is treated in a separate biography.
70
曲珍，字君玉，隴幹人，世為著姓。 寶元、康定間，夏人數入寇，珍諸父糾集族党禦之，敵不敢犯。 於是曲氏以材武長雄邊關。
Qu Zhen, courtesy name Junyu, was a native of Longgan from a family that had been prominent for generations. During the Baoyuan and Kangding reigns, when the Tangut repeatedly raided the frontier, Zhen's uncles rallied the clan to resist, and the enemy did not dare approach. From this the Qu clan came to dominate the frontier through martial prowess.
71
珍好馳馬試劍，嘗與叔父出塞游獵，猝遇夏人，陷其圍中。 馳擊大呼，眾披靡，得出，顧叔不至，復持短兵還決鬥，遂俱脫。 秦鳳都鈐轄劉溫潤奇其材，一日，出寶劍令曰：「能射一錢于百步外者，與之。」 諸少年百發不能中，珍後至，一矢破之。 從溫潤城古渭，與羌戰，先登陷陳。 為綏德城監押，提孤軍拒寇，斬其大酋，加閣門祗候。 有功洮西，遷內殿崇班。
Zhen loved horsemanship and swordplay. Once, hunting beyond the frontier with his uncle, he suddenly ran into Tangut troops and was trapped in their encirclement. He charged in shouting, scattering the enemy and breaking free. Finding his uncle had not emerged, he turned back with a short weapon to fight his way through again, and both escaped. Liu Wenrun, overall commander of Qin and Feng, admired his talent. One day he brought out a fine sword and announced, "Whoever can pierce a coin at a hundred paces shall have it. The young men shot a hundred times without hitting the mark. Zhen arrived last and split the coin with a single arrow. He followed Wenrun in building the fort at Guwei, fought the Qiang, and was first over the wall to break the enemy line. As garrison commander of Suide, he led a lone detachment against the raiders, killed their chief chieftain, and was promoted to Gate Attendant. For his achievements west of the Tao River he was promoted to Inner Hall Honored Rank.
72
郭逵、趙禼南征，為第一將。 進自右江，撫接廣源三州十二縣，降偽守已下百六十人，老稚三萬六千口。 是行也，功最諸將，遷西染院使。 得疾，輿還京師，神宗遣使臨問，少間，令入對。 珍念二帥不和睦，上問必及之，言之必形曲直，將何以對，乃以余疾未平為解。 帝復使獎勞，賜之弓劍、鞍勒，命有司蠲其鄉徭斌，擢鄜延鈐轄，進副總管。
When Guo Kui and Zhao Jie led the southern campaign, he served as first general. Advancing from the Right River, he pacified the three prefectures and twelve counties of Guangyuan, accepting the surrender of one hundred sixty officials down to the level of prefect, along with thirty-six thousand men, women, and children. On this campaign his achievements ranked first among the generals, and he was promoted to Commissioner of the Western Dyeing Bureau. He fell ill and was carried back to the capital. Emperor Shenzong sent envoys to inquire after him, and shortly afterward summoned him for audience. Zhen knew the two commanders were at odds. The Emperor was sure to ask about it, and any answer would expose who was right and who was wrong—so he pleaded that his illness had not yet fully passed. The Emperor again sent envoys with rewards, granting him bow, sword, and saddle trappings, ordering his home district corvee duties remitted, promoting him to overall commander of Yan-Yan, and advancing him to deputy overall commander.
73
從种諤攻金湯、永平川，斬二千級。 累遷客省使，拜懷州防禦使、龍神衛四廂都指揮使。 徐禧城永樂，珍以兵從。 版築方興，羌數十騎濟無定河覘役，珍將追殺之，禧不許。 諜言夏人聚兵甚急，珍請禧還米脂而自居守。 明日果至，禧復來，珍曰：「敵兵眾甚，公宜退處內柵，檄諸將促戰。」 禧笑曰：「曲侯老將，何怯邪？」 夏兵且濟，珍欲乘其未集擊之，又不許。 及攻城急，又勸禧曰：「城中井深泉嗇，士卒渴甚，恐不能支。 宜乘兵氣未衰，潰圍而出，使人自求生。」 禧曰：「此城據要地，奈何棄之？ 且為將而奔，眾心搖矣。」 珍曰：「非敢自愛，但敕使、謀臣同沒於此，懼辱國耳。」 數日城陷，珍縋而免，子弟死者六人。 亦坐貶皇城使。 帝察其無罪，諭使自安養，以圖後效。
He followed Chong E in the assault on Jintang and Yongpingchuan, taking two thousand heads. He rose through successive posts to Guest Reception Commissioner and was appointed defense commissioner of Huai and commander of the four wings of the Dragon and Divine Guard armies. When Xu Xi built the fortress at Yongle, Zhen accompanied him with troops. While construction was still underway, several dozen Qiang horsemen crossed the Wuding River to reconnoiter the work. Zhen wanted to pursue and kill them, but Xi refused. Intelligence reported that the Tangut were massing troops with great urgency. Zhen urged Xi to withdraw to Mizhi while he himself held the fort. The enemy came the next day as predicted, and Xi returned. Zhen said, "The enemy force is very large. You should withdraw to the inner palisade and order the generals to engage. Xi laughed and said, "Commander Qu, you old veteran—why so timid? As the Tangut were about to cross the river, Zhen wanted to attack before they could assemble, but again Xi refused. When the siege intensified, he again urged Xi, "The wells are deep and water scarce; the men are parched with thirst. I fear we cannot hold out. We should break out while morale still holds and let the men save themselves. Xi said, "This fortress holds a vital position—how can we abandon it? And if the commander runs, the men's hearts will fail. Zhen said, "It is not that I value my own life, but that the imperial envoy and staff advisers would perish here together—I fear the disgrace to the state. Within days the city fell. Zhen lowered himself by rope and escaped, but six of his sons and younger brothers were killed. He was also demoted to Imperial City Commissioner for his part in the disaster. The Emperor saw that he was not at fault and told him to rest and recover, with an eye to future service.
74
元祐初，為環慶副總管。 夏人寇涇原，號四十萬，珍搗虛馳三百里，破之曲律山，俘斬千八百人，解其圍。 進東上閤門使、忠州防禦使。 卒，年五十九。 珍善撫士卒，得其死力。 雖不知書，而忠樸好義，本於天性。
At the start of the Yuanyou reign he served as deputy overall commander of Huan-Qing. When the Tangut raided Jingyuan with a force they claimed numbered four hundred thousand, Zhen struck at their rear, riding three hundred li in a forced march to defeat them at Qulü Mountain, killing or capturing eighteen hundred men and lifting the siege. He was promoted to Eastern Upper Gate Commissioner and defense commissioner of Zhong. He died at the age of fifty-nine. Zhen knew how to treat his soldiers well and won their loyalty unto death. Though he could not read, he was loyal, plainspoken, and devoted to duty by nature.
75
劉闃，字靜叔，青州北海人。 以拳力為軍校，從延州軍出塞遇敵，矢貫左耳，戰不顧，眾服其勇。 從文彥博討貝州，次城下，攀壘欲登，賊以曲戟鉤其甲，闃裂之而墜。 議者欲穿地道入，闃曰：「穴地積土，賊且知之。 城瀕河，若晝囊土而夜投諸河，宜無知者。」 彥博以為然。 穴成，闃持短兵先入，眾始從，遂登陴，引繩而上，遲明，師畢入。 貝州平，功第一，擢虎翼指揮使。 累遷宣武神衛都指揮使、昭州刺史、辰州團練使。
Liu Qu, courtesy name Jing Shu, was a native of Beihai in Qingzhou. Enlisted as a military officer for his wrestling prowess, he marched beyond the frontier with the Yanzhou army and met the enemy. An arrow pierced his left ear, but he fought on without flinching, and the men admired his courage. He followed Wen Yanbo in the campaign against Beizhou. Halting beneath the walls, he climbed the ramparts to scale them, but the rebels caught his armor with a curved halberd. Qu ripped free and fell. Some proposed digging a tunnel to enter the city. Qu said, "Digging earth and piling it up—the rebels will soon find out. The city stands on the river. If we bag the soil by day and dump it in the river at night, no one should notice." Yanbo agreed. When the tunnel was ready, Qu took a short weapon and went in first. The men then followed, reached the battlements, and hauled themselves up by rope. By late dawn the whole force was inside. When Beizhou was pacified, his merit ranked first and he was promoted to commandant of the Tiger Wings Guard. He rose through successive appointments to commander-in-chief of the Xuanwu Spirit Guard, prefect of Zhao, and militia commissioner of Chen.
76
韓絳宣撫陝西，詔闃自河東為犄角。 至鐵冶溝，夏人大集。 眾懼，闃自殿后，率銳驍搏戰，飛矢蔽體不為卻，敵解去。
When Han Jiang was appointed pacification commissioner for Shaanxi, an edict ordered Qu to move out from Hedong as a pincer force. At Tieye Gorge the Tangut gathered in overwhelming numbers. The men were terrified. Qu himself covered the retreat, leading crack cavalry in a desperate fight. Arrows flew around him thick as a curtain, yet he did not give ground, and the enemy broke off.
77
為冀州駐泊總管。 河水漲，堤防墊急，闃請郡守開青楊道口以殺水怒，莫敢任其責。 闃躬往浚決，水退，冀人賴之。 以左金吾大將軍致仕。 卒，年八十五。
He served as overall commander of the Jizhou garrison. When the river swelled and the dikes were in imminent danger, Qu asked the prefect to open the Qingyang Estuary to bleed off the flood, but no one dared take responsibility. Qu went in person to dredge and cut the channel. The water fell, and the people of Ji owed him their safety. He retired with the rank of Left Gold Crow Grand General. He died at the age of eighty-five.
78
郭成，字信之，德順中安堡人也。 從軍，得供奉官。 王師趨靈武，成將涇原兵擊破夏人於漫𠼪隘。 至城下，有羌乘白馬馳突陣前，大將劉昌祚曰：「誰能取此者？」 成躍馬梟其首以獻，進秩四等。
Guo Cheng, courtesy name Xin Zhi, was from Zhong'an Fort in Deshun. He entered military service and was appointed a palace attendant. When the imperial army marched on Lingwu, Cheng led Jingyuan troops and routed the Tangut at Mandeng Pass. When they reached the foot of the walls, a Qiang on a white horse charged straight at the front of the line. General Liu Changzuo cried, "Who can bring down that man?" Cheng spurred his horse forward, struck off the man's head, and presented it. His rank was raised four grades.
79
朝廷築平夏城，置將戍之，又環以五砦。 渭帥章楶問可守者于諸將，皆曰：「非郭成不可。」 遂使往守。 夏人恚失地，空國入爭，謀曰：「平夏視諸壘最大，郭成最知兵。」 遂自沒煙峽連營百里，飛石激火，晝夜不息。 成與折可適議乘勝深入，以萬騎異道並進，遂俘阿埋、都逋二大酋。 捷聞，進雄州防禦使、涇原鈐轄。 徽宗詔諸軍並力築綏戎、懷戎二堡，成獨當合流之役，暴露雪中，感疾卒。 帝悼之甚，賻以金帛，官其子婿。
The court built Pingxia City, posted a general to hold it, and surrounded it with five fortified camps. Zhang Shu, military commissioner of Wei, asked his generals who could hold the city. All answered, "Only Guo Cheng will do." So he was sent to defend it. The Tangut, furious at losing the ground, emptied the realm to reclaim it. Their plan ran: "Pingxia is the largest of all the forts, and Guo Cheng is the best soldier among them." From Moyan Gorge they strung camps along a hundred li, raining stones and fire without pause, day and night. Cheng and She Kesui agreed to press the victory with a deep strike. Ten thousand horsemen advanced on separate routes at once and captured the two great chieftains, Amo and Dubo. When news of the victory arrived, he was promoted to defense commissioner of Xiong and military control commissioner of Jingyuan. Emperor Huizong ordered every army to help build the forts of Suirong and Huairong. Cheng alone shouldered the work at the river junction, standing exposed in the snow until illness took him. The Emperor grieved deeply, sent gold and silks as condolence gifts, and granted offices to his sons and sons-in-law.
80
成輕財好施，名震西鄙。 既沒，廉訪使者王孝謁白於朝，帝手書報曰：「郭成盡忠報國，有功於民，宜載祀典。」 榜其廟曰「仁勇」雲。 子浩，紹興中為西邊大將，至節度使。
Cheng cared little for money and gave freely; his name resounded across the western marches. After his death, investigation commissioner Wang Xiaoye reported to the court. The Emperor wrote back in his own hand: "Guo Cheng served the state faithfully and benefited the people. He should be entered in the official register of sacrifice." His temple was given the plaque "Benevolent and Brave." His son Hao became a leading general on the western frontier under the Shaoxing reign, rising to military commissioner.
81
賈岩，字民瞻，開封人。 少時，善騎射，喟然歎曰：「大丈夫生世，要當自奮，揚名顯親可也。」 遂起家從戎。 神宗選材武，以為內殿承制、慶州荔原堡都監。
Jia Yan, courtesy name Min Zhan, was a native of Kaifeng. As a youth he excelled at riding and archery. He sighed and said, "A man born into this world ought to strive for himself—to win fame and bring honor to his parents." And with that he left home to take up arms. Emperor Shenzong picked him for his martial talent and made him inner-hall assimilated-text commissioner and overall commander of Liyuan Fort in Qingzhou.
82
林廣討瀘夷，辟將前鋒。 又為河東將，敗西夏兵於明堂川。 累功轉莊宅副使。 遷路監。 紹聖中，夏兵數萬圍麟州神堂砦甚急，岩以數百騎往援，令其下曰：「國家無事時，不惜厚祿養汝輩，正以待一旦之用耳。 今力雖不敵，吾誓以死報！」 眾感厲，即循屈野河行，且五里，據北攔坡嶺上，一矢殪其酋，眾駭潰。 哲宗嘉歎，賜以袍帶。 知皇城使、威州刺史，遷路鈐轄。
When Lin Guang campaigned against the Lu tribes, he recruited Yan as vanguard commander. He later served as a Hedong general and defeated Western Xia forces at Mingtang River. After repeated victories he was promoted to deputy commissioner of the Manor Bureau. He was promoted to route supervisor. During the Shaosheng reign, tens of thousands of Tangut troops pressed the siege of Shentang Fort in Lin Prefecture. Yan rode to the rescue with a few hundred horsemen and told his men, "In peacetime the state pays you generous salaries for no other reason than to use you when the moment comes. Today we are outmatched, but I swear to repay the state with my life!" The men were stirred to fury. They followed the Quye River some five li, then took position on the north slope of Bollan Ridge. One arrow killed the enemy chieftain, and the host broke in panic. Emperor Zhezong praised him warmly and granted him an official robe and belt. He was made imperial city commissioner and prefect of Wei, then promoted to route military control commissioner.
83
岩在兵間二十年，在智略，能拊禦士卒，所鄉輒勝。 時以良將入對，留擢龍、神衛四廂都指揮使，遷步軍都虞候、濠州團練使。 卒，年五十二，贈雄州防禦使。
Yan spent twenty years in the field. He had a strategist's mind, knew how to hearten and command his troops, and wherever he led them they won. Recognized as an outstanding commander, he was summoned to court, kept in the capital, and promoted to overall commander of the four wings of the Dragon and Spirit Guard, then transferred to infantry adjutant and militia commissioner of Hao. He died at fifty-two and was posthumously made defense commissioner of Xiong.
84
張整，字成伯，亳州贊阝陽人。 初隸皇城司禦龍籍，補供奉官，為利、文州都巡檢使。 邊夷歲鈔省地，吏習不與校，至反遺之物，留久乃去。 整惡其貪暴無已，密募死士，時其來，掩擊幾盡。 有司劾生事，神宗壯之，不問。
Zhang Zheng, courtesy name Cheng Bo, was a native of Qiaoyang in Bozhou. He first served on the Dragon Guard roster of the Imperial City Office, was appointed palace attendant, and became overall inspector of Li and Wen prefectures. Border tribes raided each year to seize land, and local officials had grown used to yielding—not even disputing what the tribes left behind, which they would keep for a long while before going. Zheng loathed their endless greed and violence. He secretly recruited daredevils, waited for their next raid, and ambushed them, nearly wiping them out. The authorities impeached him for stirring up trouble, but Emperor Shenzong admired his boldness and took no action.
85
調荊湖將領，拓溪蠻地，築九城，董兵鎮守。 又破蠻於大田，歲中三遷。 犬吉狑萬眾乘舟屯托口，迫黔江城，時守兵才五百，人情大恐。 整伏其半於托口旁，戒曰：「須吾旦度金鬥崖，舉幟，則噪而前。」 及旦，率其半，縛艨艟，建旗鼓，溯流急趨。 賊望見大笑。 幟舉伏發，前後合擊，人人殊死鬥，蠻騰踐投江中，殺獲不可計。 為廣西鈐轄，坐殺降徭，責監江州酒稅。 復為涇原、真定、京東、環慶鈐轄。
Transferred to command on the Jinghu front, he pushed into Man territory, built nine walled towns, and stationed troops to hold them. He defeated the Man again at Datian and received three promotions within a single year. Qujilin led tens of thousands in boats to camp at Tuokou, threatening Qianjiang city. The garrison had only five hundred men, and panic spread through the town. Zheng hid half his force near Tuokou and ordered, "Wait until I cross Jindou Cliff at dawn and raise the banner—then charge with a shout." At dawn he led the other half, lashed warships together, raised banners and drums, and raced upstream. The enemy saw them and laughed. When the banner went up the ambush sprang. Front and rear closed in, and every man fought as if for his life. The Man trampled one another into the river; the dead and captured were beyond counting. As military control commissioner of Guangxi he was punished for slaughtering surrendered Yao and was demoted to supervising wine taxes at Ji Prefecture. He later served again as military control commissioner of Jingyuan, Zhending, Jingdong, and Huanqing.
86
整蒞軍嚴明，哲宗嘗訪於輔臣，召之對，擢為龍神衛四廂都指揮使、管幹馬軍司。 卒，官至威州刺史。
Zheng ran his command with stern discipline. Emperor Zhezong once asked his chief ministers about him, summoned him to court, and promoted him to overall commander of the four wings of the Dragon Spirit Guard and superintendent of the Horse Army Bureau. He died at the rank of prefect of Wei.
87
張蘊，字積之，開封將家子也。 從軍為小校，隸劉昌祚。 至靈州，遇敵中矢，拔鏃復戰，以功賜金帶。 從征安南，次富良江，諸將猶豫未進，蘊褰裳先濟，眾隨之。 蠻遁走，使巫被發登崖為厭勝，蘊射之，應弦而斃，一軍歡噪。
Zhang Yun, courtesy name Ji Zhi, came from a military family in Kaifeng. He entered the army as a junior officer under Liu Changzuo. At Lingzhou he met the enemy and took an arrow. He pulled out the head and fought on, and for his service was awarded a gold belt. On the campaign against Annan he halted at the Fu River. The other generals hung back, but Yun hitched up his robe, waded across first, and the rest followed. The Man fled. They sent a shaman with hair unbound up a cliff to work a spell against the army. Yun shot him, and he fell dead at the bowstring's snap. The whole force erupted in cheers.
88
曆京西、涇原將，知綏德、懷甯、順寧軍等六城，儲粟至三十萬斛。 將兵取宥州，破夏人于大吳神流堆。 宥州監軍引鐵騎數千趨松林堡，蘊諜知之，頓兵長城嶺以待，戒諸部曰：「賊遠來氣盛，少休必困，困而擊之，必捷。」 果以勝歸。 夏人寇順寧，蘊置伏狹中，約聞呼則起，俘斬數百十人，獲馬、械甚眾。 累遷皇城使、榮州刺史、成州團練使、通州防禦使，開德、河陽馬步軍副總管。
He served in turn as a Jingxi and Jingyuan commander, governing six walled posts including Suide, Huaining, and Shunning, and stockpiled grain to three hundred thousand hu. He led troops to seize You Prefecture and defeated the Tangut at Dawu Shenliu Mound. You Prefecture's military supervisor led several thousand iron cavalry toward Songlin Fort. Yun learned of it through spies, halted at Great Wall Ridge, and told his units, "The enemy has marched far and their spirits are high. Let them rest a little and they will tire—strike a tired foe and you are sure to win." They returned victorious, as he had foretold. When the Tangut raided Shunning, Yun hid men in a narrow pass with orders to rise at his shout. They killed or captured several hundred men and took horses and arms in great numbers. He rose through successive posts to imperial city commissioner, prefect of Rong, militia commissioner of Cheng, defense commissioner of Tong, and deputy overall commander of the Kai and Heyang horse and foot armies.
89
顯肅皇后母自鄭氏再適蘊，徽宗屢欲以恩進其官，輒力辭不敢受，人以為賢。 卒，年七十三，贈感德軍節度使，諡曰榮毅。
Empress Xiansu's mother, née Zheng, had remarried Yun. Emperor Huizong repeatedly tried to promote him as a favor, but Yun always refused firmly, and people judged him worthy for it. He died at seventy-three, was posthumously made military commissioner of Gande, and given the posthumous name Rongyi.
90
王恩，字澤之，開封人。 以善射入羽林，神宗閱衛士，挽強中的，且偉其貌，補供備庫副使。 為河州巡檢，夏羌寇蘭州，恩搏戰城下，中兩矢，拔去復鬥，意氣彌厲。 遷涇原將。 嘗整軍出萬惠嶺。 士饑欲食，恩倍道兼行，眾洶洶。 已而遇敵數萬，引兵先入壁，井灶皆具，諸將始服。 羌扣壁願見，恩單騎徑出，遙與語，一夕，羌引去。
Wang En, courtesy name Ze Zhi, was a native of Kaifeng. Skilled in archery, he joined the Feathered Forest Guard. When Emperor Shenzong reviewed the palace guards, En drew a heavy bow and hit the mark. Impressed by his bearing as well, the Emperor made him deputy commissioner of the Supply Reserve Bureau. As inspector of He Prefecture, he fought beneath the walls when Tangut Qiang raided Lan Prefecture. Hit by two arrows, he pulled them out and kept fighting, his fighting spirit only rising. He was promoted to general on the Jingyuan front. Once, leading his troops out through Wanhui Ridge, the men grew hungry and clamored for food. En forced the march at double speed, and the ranks grew restless. Then they ran into tens of thousands of the enemy. En led his men straight into a fortified camp where wells and cooking pits were already prepared. Only then did the other generals admit he had been right. The Qiang beat on the fort walls asking to parley. En rode out alone, spoke with them from a distance, and by the next morning they had withdrawn.
91
哲宗召見，語左右曰：「先帝時宿衛人，皆傑異如此。」 留為龍、神衛都指揮使，遷馬軍都虞候。 契丹使來，詔陪射，使者問：「聞涇原有王騎將，得無是乎？」 應曰：「然。」 射三發皆中，使以下相視皆歎息。
Emperor Zhezong summoned him and said to those around him, "The palace guards of my father's day were full of men like this." En was kept at court as overall commander of the Dragon and Spirit Guard and promoted to cavalry adjutant. When a Khitan envoy arrived, an edict ordered En to join him in an archery display. The envoy asked, "I have heard that in Jingyuan there is a cavalry general named Wang—is this he?" En answered, "It is." He loosed three arrows and hit every time. The envoy and his party looked at one another and sighed in admiration.
92
出為涇原副都總管，並護秦、渭、延、熙四路兵，城西安，築臨羌、天都十餘壘。 羌圍平夏，諸校欲出戰，恩曰：「賊傾國遠寇，難以爭鋒，宜以全制其敝。 彼野無所掠，必攜，攜而遇伏，必敗。」 乃先行萬人設伏，羌既退師，果大獲。
He went out as deputy overall commander of Jingyuan, overseeing the armies of the Qin, Wei, Yan, and Xi circuits, building Xi'an and more than ten forts at Lingyang and Tiandu. When the Qiang besieged Pingxia, the officers wanted to sally out. En said, "The enemy has thrown the whole realm into this distant raid. We cannot match their momentum. Better to stay intact and wear them down. They have nothing to loot in the open country and will soon tire. Tired men who run into an ambush are sure to lose." He sent ten thousand men ahead to lay an ambush. When the Qiang pulled back, the trap closed and the harvest was great.
93
徽宗立，以衛州防禦使徙熙河，改知渭州。 括隱地二萬三千頃，分弓箭士耕屯，為三十一部，以省饋餉。 邊臣獻車戰議，帝以訪恩，恩曰：「古有之，偏箱、鹿角，今相去益遠，人非所習，恐緩急難用。 夫操不習之器，與敵周旋，先自敗耳。」 帝善其對。 遷馬步軍都指揮使、殿前都指揮使、武信軍節度使。
When Emperor Huizong came to the throne, En was transferred from defense commissioner of Weizhou to Xihe and appointed prefect of Wei Prefecture. He registered twenty-three thousand qing of concealed land, assigned bowmen to farm it in thirty-one units, and so cut the cost of supplies. A frontier official submitted a plan for chariot warfare. The Emperor asked En's view. En said, "The ancients used such things—the partial-box formation, the deer-horn array—but today the distances are greater still and the men are not trained in them. I fear that in a crisis they would prove useless. To take up weapons you have never drilled with and go toe to toe with the enemy is to beat yourself before the fight even begins." The Emperor was pleased with his answer. He was promoted to overall commander of the horse and foot armies, overall commander of the palace front guard, and military commissioner of Wuxin.
94
嘗汰禁卒數十人，樞密請命都承旨覆視，恩言：「朝廷選三帥，付以軍政，今去數十冗卒而不足信，即其他無可為者。」 帝立為罷之。 眷顧甚寵，賜居宅，又賜城西地為園囿。 屬疾，以檢校司徒致仕。 薨，年六十二，贈開府儀同三司。
Once he dismissed several dozen palace guards. The Bureau of Military Affairs asked the chief palace aide-de-camp to review the decision. En said, "The court picks three commanders and gives them full military authority. If removing a few dozen excess troops is reason enough to doubt us, then there is nothing left for us to do at all." The Emperor at once called the review off. The Emperor favored him lavishly, giving him a residence and land west of the city for a private garden. When he fell ill, he retired with the honorary rank of grand preceptor. He died at sixty-two and was posthumously given the honorary title of grand general with ceremonial equivalence to the Three Excellencies.
95
楊應詢
Yang Yingxun
96
楊應詢。 字仲謀，章惠皇后族孫也。 曆知信安保定軍、霸州。 塘濼之間地沮洳，水潦易集，居人浮板以濟。 應詢增堤防為長衢，浚其旁以泄流，民利賴之。 為河北沿邊安撫使。 徽宗以歸信、容城兩縣弓手為契丹所憚，欲增為千人，或恐生事，應詢曰：「吾欲備他盜，彼安能禁我？」 卒增之。
Yang Yingxun. His courtesy name was Zhongmou, and he was a kin of Empress Zhanghui. He served in turn as prefect of Xin'an, Baoding Army, and Bazhou. Between the ponds and marshes the land lay sodden and floods gathered easily; locals crossed on floating planks. Yingxun built up the dikes into a raised road and dredged channels alongside to drain the water, to the lasting benefit of the people. He was appointed frontier pacification commissioner for Hebei. Emperor Huizong wanted to expand the bowmen of Guixin and Rongcheng counties to a thousand, since the Khitan feared them. Some worried this would provoke trouble. Yingxun said, "We mean to guard against other robbers—how can they stop us?" In the end the force was expanded as planned.
97
知雄州，朝廷多取西夏地，契丹以姻婭為言，遣使乞還之，不得，擁兵並塞，中外恫疑。 應詢曰：「是特為虛聲嚇我耳。 願治兵積粟示有備，彼將聞風自戢。」 明年，果還兵。 復遣其相臣蕭保先、牛溫舒來請，詔應詢逆於境。 既至，帝遣問所以來，應詢對：「願固守前議。」 尋兼高陽關路鈐轄。
As prefect of Xiong Prefecture, he faced a crisis: the court had seized large tracts from Western Xia, the Khitan cited marriage ties and sent envoys demanding restitution, and when refused they massed troops along the frontier. Alarm spread inside and outside the court. Yingxun said, "This is only bluster meant to scare us. Let us drill the troops and stock grain to show we are ready—they will hear of it and pull back on their own." The next year the Khitan army did withdraw. The Khitan sent their chief ministers Xiao Baoxian and Niu Wenshu again to press their case, and an edict ordered Yingxun to welcome them at the border. When they arrived, the Emperor asked what had brought them. Yingxun answered, "I ask only that we hold firm to our earlier decision." Soon he was also made controller of the Gaoyang Pass route.
98
邊人捕得北盜呂懺兒，契丹謂略執平民，有詔使縱釋。 應詢言：「吾知執盜耳，因其求而遂與之，是示以怯也。」 不與。 遂質我民，固索之。 應詢以違詔貶秩，再遷洋州觀察使。 入提舉萬壽觀。 館契丹使，當賜柑而貢未至，有司代以他物，使不受，慶詢以言折之，乃下拜。 復為定州、真定、大名副都總管。 卒，年六十三，贈昭化軍節度使，諡曰康理。
Border troops captured the northern robber Lü Chan'er. The Khitan claimed he was an ordinary civilian seized by force, and an edict ordered his release. Yingxun said, "I know only that we caught a thief. To hand him over the moment they demand it would show cowardice." He refused. The Khitan then seized Song subjects as hostages and pressed the demand. Yingxun was demoted for defying the edict and was later reassigned as observation commissioner of Yang Prefecture. He was appointed superintendent of Wanshou Abbey. While hosting Khitan envoys, tangerines were to be presented as gifts, but the tribute consignment had not yet arrived. The office offered substitutes, which the envoys refused until Yingxun talked them down; only then did they bow and accept. He was again made deputy overall commander for Dingzhou, Zhending, and Daming. He died at sixty-three, was posthumously made military commissioner of Zhaohua, and was given the posthumous name Kangli.
99
趙隆，字子漸，秦州成紀人。 以勇敢應募，從王韶取熙河。 大將姚麟出戰，被重創，謂曰：「吾渴欲死，得水尚可活。」 時已暮，有泉近賊營，隆獨身潛往，漬衣泉中。 賊覺，隆且鬥且行，得歸，持衣裂水以飲麟，麟乃蘇。 又從李憲破西市。 師討鬼章，外河諸羌皆以兵應之。 隆率眾先至，斧其橋，鬼章失援，乃成擒。
Zhao Long, courtesy name Zijian, was a native of Chengji in Qin Prefecture. Volunteering for his bravery, he followed Wang Shao in the seizure of the Xihe region. General Yao Lin went into battle and was badly wounded. He said to Long, "I am parched to the point of death. Bring me water and I may yet survive." It was already evening. A spring lay near the enemy camp. Long went alone and stole through to soak his garment in it. The enemy spotted him, but Long fought his way back step by step. He wrung water from the soaked garment for Lin to drink, and Lin came round. He again followed Li Xian in the capture of Xishi. When the army marched against Gui Zhang, Qiang tribes beyond the river all rallied to his aid with troops. Long got there first with his men and chopped down the bridge with axes. Cut off from aid, Gui Zhang was taken alive.
100
為涇原將，戰平夏川，功最多。 崇寧中，鈐轄熙河兵，將前軍出邈川，預復鄯、廓。 夏人寇涇原，詔熙河深入分其兵，無令專鄉東方。 師至鐵山，隆先登，士皆殊死戰，夏人解去。 召詣闕，徽宗慰勞之曰：「鐵山之戰，卿力也。」
As a general on the Jingyuan front, he won the greatest credit in the battle of Pingxia Valley. During the Chongning reign he commanded Xihe troops, led the vanguard out of Miaochuan, and helped recover Shan and Kuo. When the Tangut raided Jingyuan, an edict ordered the Xihe army to thrust deep and split the enemy force so they could not focus entirely on the east. At Iron Mountain Long was first over the top, and his men fought as if their lives depended on it. The Tangut broke off and withdrew. Summoned to court, Emperor Huizong praised him, saying, "The victory at Iron Mountain was yours."
101
童貫與論燕雲事，隆極言不可。 貫曰：「君能共此，當有殊拜。」 隆曰：「隆武夫，豈敢幹賞以敗祖宗二百年之好？ 異時起釁，萬死不足謝責。」 貫知不可奪，白以知西寧州，充隴右都護。 羌豪信服，十二種戶三萬六千，願屯內地。
Tong Guan raised the subject of Yan and Yun with him, and Long insisted forcefully that the scheme must not be pursued. Guan said, "If you will stand with me in this, you can expect an exceptional reward." Long said, "I am only a soldier. How dare I grasp at reward and wreck two centuries of peace with our neighbors? If war follows, a thousand deaths would not be enough to answer for my guilt." Guan saw he could not be swayed and had him appointed prefect of Xining and overall protector of Longyou. Qiang chieftains came to trust him, and thirty-six thousand households of twelve tribes asked to settle inland.
102
帥劉法西討，隆以奇兵襲羌，羌潰，城震武。 遷溫州防禦使，龍神衛、捧日天武都指揮使，仍為本道馬步副都總管。 卒，贈鎮潼軍節度使，命詞臣制碑，帝篆額曰「旌忠」。
When Marshal Liu Fa marched west, Long struck the Qiang with a flanking force. The Qiang broke, and the fort at Zhenwu was built. He was promoted to defense commissioner of Wenzhou, overall commander of the Dragon Spirit and Sun-and-Moon Celestial Martial guards, while remaining deputy overall commander of horse and foot for the circuit. When he died he was posthumously made military commissioner of Zhentong, a court scholar was ordered to compose a stele inscription, and the Emperor personally wrote the heading "Commemorating Loyalty."
103
論曰：有國家者不可忘武備，故高祖以馬上得天下，而猶有「安得猛士守四方」之歎。 然所貴為將領者，非取其武勇而已也，必忠以為主，智以為本，勇以為用，及其成功，雖有小大之殊，俱足以尊主庇民也。 苗授策篯南之不可城，履不肯討阿章，永清不以地與敵，文鬱撫納香崖，紹能之忠勇，珍之忠樸好義，光祖、應詢明於料敵，守約及整禦眾嚴明，斌、浩之善戰，岩、恩之善射，闃之出則先登，入則殿后，其材雖殊，其可以任奔走禦侮之責於四境則一也。 成以捍衛邊陲，服勤致死，明詔褒飭，廟食一方，宜哉。 君萬挾誣報怨，贍狡譎喜功，國有常罰，父子謫死，亦宜也。 詵首取燕，終變其說，既黜旋復，為失刑矣。 至若仲武敗則引咎責己，勝則不自言功，隆不敢啟釁幹賞，蘊甘分而辭榮，有士君子之行焉，尤武士之所難能也。
The commentator writes: rulers of a state must never neglect military readiness. Even Gaozu, who won the empire from horseback, still lamented, "Where shall I find bold men to guard the four corners of the realm?" Yet what we esteem in a commander is not brawn alone. Loyalty must be the foundation, wisdom the root, courage the tool. When such men succeed, their deeds may differ in scale, but each alike honors the throne and shields the people. Miao Shou judged that Zhainan could not be walled; Lü would not march against A Zhang; Yongqing refused to surrender territory to the enemy; Wenyu pacified and won over Xiangya; Shaoneng showed loyal courage; Zhen was loyal, plain, and devoted to duty; Guangzu and Yingxun read the enemy with clear judgment; Shouyue and Zheng were stern and precise in command; Bin and Hao excelled in battle; Yan and En excelled in archery; Qu was first over the wall going out and last in line coming back. Their gifts differed, but each could equally bear the work of racing the borders to beat back threats. Guo Cheng defended the frontier and served until death; imperial edicts praised him, and local temples enshrined him—a fitting honor. Junwan used false accusations to settle scores; Zhan was sly, devious, and hungry for glory. The state has its fixed penalties—father and son condemned to die—and that was only just. Shen first championed the seizure of Yan, then reversed himself. Dismissed one day and restored the next—that was a failure of justice. Zhongwu, when defeated, blamed himself; when victorious, he claimed no credit. Long would not stir up war for reward. Yun was content with his station and turned away honors. Such men showed the conduct of true gentlemen—something especially rare among soldiers.