1
何㮚孫傅陳過庭張叔夜聶昌張閣張近鄭僅宇文昌齡子:常許幾程之邵龔原崔公度蒲卣
He Li, Sun Fu, Chen Guoting, Zhang Shuye, Nie Chang, Zhang Ge, Zhang Jin, Zheng Jin, Yu Wenchangling and son Chang, Xu Ji, Cheng Zhi Shao, Gong Yuan, Cui Gongdu, and Pu You
2
何㮚，字文緽，仙井人。 政和五年進士第一，擢秘書省校書郎。 逾年，提舉京畿學事，召為主客員外郎、起居舍人，遷中書舍人兼侍講。
He Li, whose courtesy name was Wenzhen, came from Xianjing. He topped the jinshi lists in the fifth year of the Zhenghe reign and was raised to proofreader in the Secretariat. A year later he was charged with schools in the capital circuit, then recalled as vice director of the Bureau of Receptions and recorder of imperial audiences, and soon promoted to drafting secretary with a concurrent lectureship at court.
3
徽宗數從咨訪，欲付以言責。 或論㮚與蘇軾鄉党，宗其曲學，出知遂寧府。 已而留為御史中丞，論王黼奸邪專橫十五罪，黼既抗章請去，而尤豫未決。 㮚繼上七章，黼及其党胡松年、胡益等皆罷，㮚亦以徽猷閣待制知泰州。
Emperor Huizong often consulted him and intended to give him the role of court remonstrator. Critics claimed he was Su Shi's countryman and a follower of Su's unorthodox scholarship, so he was posted out as prefect of Suining. He was soon kept on as censor-in-chief and impeached Wang Fu on fifteen counts of corruption and tyranny; though Fu had already asked to resign, the throne still wavered. Li sent seven further memorials until Fu and his allies Hu Songnian and Hu Yi were removed; Li himself was then made prefect of Taizhou as a Huixiu Pavilion academician-at-large.
4
欽宗立，復以中丞召。 閱月，為翰林學士，進尚書右丞、中書侍郎。 會王雲使金帥斡離不軍還，言金人怒割三鎮緩，卻禮幣弗納曰，兼旬使不至，則再舉兵。 於是百官議從其請。 㮚曰：「三鎮，國之根本，奈何一旦棄之。 況金人變詐罔測，安能保必信？ 割亦來，不割亦來。」 宰相主割議，㮚論辨不已，曰：「河北之民，皆吾赤子。 棄地則並其民棄之，豈為父母意哉？」 帝頗悟。 㮚請建四道總管，使統兵入援，以胡直孺、王襄、趙野、張叔夜領之。 兵既回應，而唐恪、耿南仲、聶昌信和議，相與謀曰：「方繼好息民而調發不已，使金人聞之，奈何？」 亟檄止之。
After Qinzong took the throne, Li was recalled as censor-in-chief. Within a month he entered the Hanlin Academy and rose to vice director of the right department and vice director of the Secretariat. Wang Yun had just returned from Wanyan Woliba's camp with word that the Jurchens were furious at the delay in ceding the three frontier circuits, had rejected the tribute, and threatened to march again unless envoys came within ten days. The court then debated acceding to the demand. Li said, "The three circuits are the nation's foundation—how can we cast them away at once? And the Jurchens are treacherous and unpredictable—who can guarantee they will keep their word? They will attack whether we cede the territory or not." The chief ministers favored cession, but Li kept arguing: "The people of Hebei are all our own children. To surrender the land is to abandon the people with it—is that what parents do?" The emperor was somewhat moved. Li proposed four regional commanders to lead relief armies, appointing Hu Zhiru, Wang Xiang, Zhao Ye, and Zhang Shuye to the posts. Troops were already moving when Tang Ke, Geng Nanzhong, and Nie Chang, believers in peace, plotted together: "We are trying to restore amity and give the people rest, yet mobilizations never stop—what if the Jurchens hear of it?" They hurriedly ordered the mobilizations stopped.
5
㮚解政事，俄以資政殿大學士領開封尹。 金兵長驅傅城下，帝罷恪相，而拜㮚為尚書右僕射兼中書侍郎，始復三省舊制。 時康王在河北，信使不通，㮚建議請以為元帥，密草詔稿上之。 乃以康王充天下兵馬大元帥，陳遘充兵馬元帥，宗澤、汪伯彥充副元帥。 京城失守，從幸金帥營，遂留不返。 既而議立異姓，金人曰：「唯何㮚、李若水毋得預議。」 既陷朔庭，㮚仰天大慟，不食而死，年三十九。
Li left the chief council and was soon made Zizheng Hall academician and prefect of Kaifeng. As Jin armies swept to the capital, the emperor removed Tang Ke and made Li right grand councilor and vice director of the Secretariat, reviving the old three-department order. With the Prince of Kang in Hebei and communications cut, Li urged appointing him supreme commander and secretly drafted an edict for the throne. The Prince of Kang was named grand marshal of all forces, Chen Sui marshal, and Zong Ze and Wang Boyan his deputies. When the capital fell he followed the emperor to the Jin camp and never returned. When enthroning a non-Song ruler was discussed, the Jurchens ruled that He Li and Li Ruoshui alone must be excluded." Once captive in the north, he cried to heaven and died by fasting at thirty-nine.
6
建炎初，詔以為觀文殿大學士、提舉玉局觀使，祿其家。 訃聞，贈開府儀同三司，議者指其誤國，不行。 秦檜自北還，具道其死時狀，乃改贈大學士，官其家七人。
Early in Jianyan he was posthumously named Guanwen Hall academician and commissioner of the Jade Bureau, with stipends for his household. On news of his death a posthumous rank as Defender-in-Chief was proposed, but critics blamed him for the national disaster and it was denied. Qin Hui, back from the north, described how Li had died, and the court then granted him the posthumous title of grand academician and offices to seven kin.
7
孫傅，字伯野，海州人。 登進士第，中詞學兼茂科，為秘書省正字、校書郎、監察御史、禮部員外郎。 時蔡翛為尚書，傅為言天下事，勸其亟有所建，不然必敗。 翛不能用。 遷秘書少監，至中書舍人。
Sun Fu, courtesy name Boye, came from Haizhou. He took the jinshi degree and the Erudite Learning and Abundant Talent examination, then served as collator, proofreader, investigating censor, and vice director of rites. While Cai Xiao headed a ministry, Fu warned him about the state of the realm and urged swift action or ruin would follow. Xiao would not heed him. He rose to vice director of the Secretariat and eventually to drafting secretary.
8
宣和末，高麗入貢，使者所過，調夫治舟，騷然煩費。 傅言：「索民力以妨農功，而於中國無絲毫之益。」 宰相謂其所論同蘇軾，奏貶蘄州安置。 給事中許翰以為傅論議雖偶與軾合，意亦亡他，以職論事而責之過矣，翰亦罷去。 靖康元年，召為給事中，進兵部尚書。 上章乞復祖宗法度，欽宗問之，傅曰：「祖宗法惠民，熙、豐法惠國，崇、觀法惠奸。」 時謂名言。 十一月，拜尚書右丞，俄改同知樞密院。
Late in Xuanhe, Goryeo's tribute mission forced corvée labor and boat repairs along its route, stirring unrest and heavy costs. Fu argued, "Drafting the people and disrupting the harvest brings the empire no benefit whatsoever." The chief minister claimed his views echoed Su Shi's and had him exiled to Qizhou. Xu Han argued that Fu's views merely coincided with Su Shi's and that punishing an official for speaking his office was unjust; Xu too was removed. In the first year of Jingkang he was recalled as drafting reviewer and made minister of war. He memorialized to restore ancestral law; when Qinzong asked, Fu replied, "Ancestral law benefits the people; Xining and Yuanfeng law benefits the state; Chongning and Zhenghe law benefits villains." Men called it a classic line. In the eleventh month he became right vice director of state and soon associate commissioner of military affairs.
9
金人圍都城，傅日夜親當矢石。 讀丘浚《感事詩》，有「郭京楊適劉無忌」之語，于市人中訪得無忌，龍衛兵中得京。 好事者言京能施六甲法，可以生擒二將而掃蕩無餘，其法用七千七百七十七人。 朝廷深信不疑，命以官，賜金帛數萬，使自募兵，無問技藝能否，但擇其年命合六甲者。 所得皆市井遊惰，旬日而足。 有武臣欲為偏裨，京不許，曰：「君雖材勇，然明年正月當死，恐為吾累。」 其誕妄類此。 敵攻益急，京談笑自如，云：「擇日出兵三百，可致太平，直襲擊至陰山乃止。」 傅與何㮚尤尊信，傾心待之。 或上書見傅曰：「自古未聞以此成功者。 正或聽之，姑少信以兵，俟有尺寸功，乃稍進任。 今委之太過，懼必為國家羞。」 傅怒曰：「京殆為時而生，敵中瑣微無不知者。 幸君與傅言，若告他人，將坐沮師之罪。」 揖使出。 又有稱「六丁力士」、「天關大將」、「北斗神兵」者，大率皆效京所為，識者危之。 京曰：「非至危急，吾師不出。」 㮚數趣之，徙期再三，乃啟宣化門出，戒守陴者悉下城，無得竊覘。 京與張叔夜坐城樓上。 金兵分四翼噪而前，京兵敗退，墮于護龍河，填屍皆滿，城門急閉。 京遽白叔夜曰：「須自下作法。」 因下城，引余眾南遁。 是日，金人遂登城。
During the siege Fu spent day and night on the walls under fire. In Qiu Jun's poem he read the names Guo Jing, Yang Shi, and Liu Wuji; he found Wuji in the markets and Jing among the Dragon Guards. Rumor-mongers claimed Jing's Six Jia magic could capture the Jin generals alive and annihilate the enemy; it required exactly 7,777 men. The court believed him completely, gave him rank and lavish gifts, and let him recruit troops solely by Six Jia birth-dates, ignoring martial skill. He gathered only idle townsmen and filled the quota within ten days. When a brave officer offered to serve under him, Jing refused: "You are skilled, but you will die next first month and would only burden me." His nonsense ran along these lines. As the assault intensified Jing remained cheerful, promising that three hundred men on the chosen day would restore peace and drive the enemy back to the Yin Mountains." Fu and He Li trusted him above all others and gave him their full support. Someone wrote to Fu: "History records no victory won this way. If you must listen, give him only a small force first and promote him only after some real success. Entrusting him so fully will surely disgrace the nation." Fu snapped, "Jing was born for this crisis—he knows every detail of the enemy camp. You are lucky to speak only to me—tell anyone else and you will be charged with undermining morale." He bowed the man out. Others styled themselves Six Ding Strongmen, Heaven Gate Generals, or Northern Dipper Spirit Soldiers, all copying Jing's methods, and thoughtful men were deeply worried. Jing said, "My army will not march until the crisis is extreme." Li pressed him repeatedly until, after many delays, the Xuanhua Gate opened; defenders were ordered off the walls and forbidden to watch. Jing and Zhang Shuye sat on the gate tower watching. Jin forces charged in four wings; Jing's men broke and fell into the moat until it was choked with bodies, and the gate slammed shut. Jing told Shuye at once, "I must perform the rite from ground level." He descended and fled south with the survivors. That day the Jurchens took the walls.
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二年正月，欽宗詣金帥營，以傅輔太子留守，仍兼少傅。 帝兼旬不返，傅屢貽書請之。 及廢立檄至，傅大慟曰：「吾惟知吾君可帝中國爾，苟立異姓，吾當死之。」 金人來索太上、帝后、諸王、妃主，傅留太子不遣。 密謀匿之民間，別求狀類宦者二人殺之，並斬十數死囚，持首送之，紿金人曰：「宦者欲竊太子出，都人爭鬥殺之，誤傷太子。 因帥兵討定，斬其為亂者以獻。 苟不已，則以死繼之。」 越五日，無肯承其事者。 傅曰：「吾為太子傅，當同生死。 金人雖不吾索，吾當與之俱行，求見二酋面責之，庶或萬一可濟。」 傅寓直皇城司，其子來省，叱之曰：「使汝勿來，而竟來邪！ 吾已分死國，雖汝百輩來何益！」 揮使速去。 子亦泣曰：「大人以身徇國，兒尚何言。」 遂以留守事付王時雍而從太子出。 至南薰門，範瓊力止之，金守門者曰：「所欲得太子，留守何預？」 傅曰：「我宋之大臣，且太子傅也，當死從。」 是夕，宿門下，明日，金人召之去。 明年二月，死於朔廷。 紹興中，贈開府儀同三司，諡曰忠定。
In the first month of year two Qinzong went to the Jin camp, leaving Fu to assist the crown prince as regent and junior tutor. The emperor was gone more than ten days; Fu wrote again and again begging his return. When the deposition edict came, Fu wept: "Only my sovereign can rule China; enthroning another house means my death." The Jurchens demanded the retired emperor, empress, princes, and consorts; Fu refused to surrender the crown prince. He plotted to hide the prince among civilians, killed two men who looked like eunuchs and a dozen condemned prisoners, sent their heads north, and lied that eunuchs had tried to steal the prince and been killed in the riot, accidentally wounding him. He then led troops to 'pacify' the riot and presented the heads of the supposed ringleaders. If they persisted, he would die next." After five days no one would carry out the deception. Fu said, "As the crown prince's tutor I must live or die with him. Even if they do not demand me, I will go with him, confront the two Jin commanders face to face, and perhaps—one chance in ten thousand—save him." Lodged at the Imperial City Office, he scolded his visiting son: "I told you not to come—yet here you are! I have already given my life to the state—a hundred sons could not change that!" He waved him away. The son wept: "Father sacrifices himself for the realm—what can a son say?" He handed the regency to Wang Shiyong and went out with the crown prince. At Nanxun Gate Fan Qiong tried to hold him back; the Jin guards said, "We want only the crown prince—what business is the regent's?" Fu replied, "I am a Song minister and the crown prince's tutor; I must follow him even unto death." That night he slept at the gate; the next day the Jurchens took him away. The following second month he died in the north. Under Shaoxing he was posthumously made Defender-in-Chief with Three Excellencies honors and given the posthumous name Loyal and Steadfast.
11
陳過庭
Chen Guoting
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陳過庭，字賓王，越州山陰人。 中進士第，為館陶主簿、澶州教授、知中牟縣，除國子博士。 何執中、侯蒙器其才，薦之，擢祠部、吏部、右司員外郎。 使契丹，過庭初名揚庭，辭日，徽宗改賜今名。 時人或傳契丹主苦風痹，又箭損一目，過庭歸證其妄，且勸帝以邊備為念。 適太常少卿、起居舍人。 宣和二年，進中書舍人； 才七日，遷禮部侍郎； 未盡一月，又遷御史中丞兼侍讀。 睦寇竊發，過庭言：「致寇者蔡京，養寇者王黼，竄二人，則寇自平。 又朱勔父子，本刑餘小人，交結權近，竊取名器，罪惡盈積，宜昭正典刑，以謝天下。」 由是大與權貴迕，翻陷以不舉劾之罪，罷知蘄州。 未半道，責海州團練副使，黃州安置。 三年，得自便。
Chen Guoting, courtesy name Binwang, came from Shanyin in Yuezhou. He passed the jinshi examination, served as Guantao registrar, Dazhou instructor, and Zhongmou magistrate, then became a National University erudite. He Zhizhong and Hou Meng prized his talent and had him promoted to vice director in the sacrificial, personnel, and right secretariat offices. On a Khitan mission his name had been Yangting; at his farewell audience Huizong gave him his present name. Rumors claimed the Khitan ruler was crippled by palsy and blind in one eye; Guoting disproved them on his return and urged the emperor to strengthen frontier defenses. He was made vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and recorder of imperial audiences. In the second year of Xuanhe he was promoted to drafting secretary; seven days later to vice minister of rites; and within a month to censor-in-chief with a concurrent lectureship. When the Fang La rebellion broke out, Guoting said, "Cai Jing summoned these rebels and Wang Fu fed them—remove both and the rebellion will collapse. As for Zhu Xun and his son, penal outcasts who curried favor with the powerful and stole high office, their accumulated crimes demand public punishment to satisfy the realm." This put him at odds with the mighty, who turned on him with a charge of failing to impeach others and had him demoted to prefect of Qizhou. Halfway there he was demoted to deputy training commissioner of Haizhou and exiled to Huangzhou. After three years he was free to move as he wished.
13
欽宗立，以集英殿修撰起知潭州； 未行，以兵部侍郎召，在道除中丞。 初入見，帝諭以國家多難，每事當悉意盡言。 於是節度使范訥丐歸環衛，過庭因言：「自崇寧以來，建旄鉞者多不由勳績，請除宗室及將帥立功者，餘並如訥例。」 又乞辨宣仁後誣謗。 姚古擁兵不援太原，陳其可斬之罪七，竄諸嶺表。 進禮部尚書，擢右丞、中書侍郎。 議遣大臣割兩河與金，耿南仲以老、聶昌以親辭，過庭曰：「主憂臣辱，願效死。」 帝為揮涕歎息，固遣南仲、昌。 及城陷，過庭亦行，金人拘之軍中，因留不得還。 建炎四年，卒于燕山，年六十，贈開府儀同三司，諡曰忠肅。
When Qinzong took the throne he was recalled from Jiying Hall compiler to prefect of Tanzhou; before he departed he was summoned as vice minister of war and made censor-in-chief en route. At his first audience the emperor told him the realm was in grave peril and urged him to speak freely on every issue. When Fan Ne asked to leave his command for a capital guard post, Guoting said, "Since Chongning most commanders have won their posts without merit—keep only imperial princes and generals with real victories, and let the rest follow Fan Ne home." He also asked that the calumnies against Empress Dowager Xuanren be refuted. Yao Gu had troops but refused to relieve Taiyuan; Guoting listed seven capital crimes against him and had him exiled to the far south. He rose to minister of rites and was made right vice director and vice director of the Secretariat. The court debated sending a minister to cede the two He provinces; Geng Nanzhong pleaded age and Nie Chang family ties; Guoting said, "When the sovereign suffers, the minister is disgraced—I volunteer to go." The emperor wept and sighed but still sent Nanzhong and Chang. When the capital fell Guoting went too; the Jurchens held him in camp and never let him return. He died at Yanshan in the fourth year of Jianyan, aged sixty, and was posthumously made Defender-in-Chief with the posthumous name Loyal and Solemn.
14
張叔夜
Zhang Shuye
15
張叔夜，字嵇仲，侍中耆孫也。 少喜言兵，以蔭為蘭州錄事參軍。 州本漢金城郡，地最極邊，恃河為固，每歲河冰合，必嚴兵以備，士不釋甲者累月。 叔夜曰：「此非計也。 不求要地守之，而使敵迫河，則吾既殆矣。」 有地曰大都者，介五路間，羌人入寇，必先至彼點集，然後議所向，每一至則五路皆竦。 叔夜按其形勢，畫攻取之策，訖得之，建為西安州，自是蘭無羌患。
Zhang Shuye, courtesy name Jizhong, was grandson of the palace attendant Zhang Qi. As a youth he loved military talk and entered service by yin privilege as recorder in Lanzhou. Lanzhou lay in the old Jincheng commandery on the farthest frontier, defended by the Yellow River; each winter when the ice formed, troops stood ready for months without doffing armor. Shuye said, "This is poor strategy. If we fail to hold the vital ground and let the enemy reach the river, we are already lost." At Dadu, between the five circuits, Qiang raiders always mustered before choosing their route—each raid set all five circuits on edge. Shuye studied the terrain, planned its capture, took it, and established Xi'an prefecture there; Lanzhou was free of Qiang raids thereafter.
16
知襄城、陳留縣，蔣之奇薦之，易禮賓副使、通事舍人、知安肅軍，言者謂太優，還故官。 獻所為文，知舒、海、泰三州。 大觀中，為庫部員外郎、開封少尹。 復獻文，召試製誥，賜進士出身，遷右司員外郎。
As magistrate of Xiangcheng and Chenliu he was recommended by Jiang Zhiqi for vice commissioner of receptions, courier, and Ansu Army command—critics called it too generous and he was restored to his former rank. He presented his writings and governed Shu, Hai, and Tai prefectures in turn. Under Daguan he served as Treasury vice director and junior Kaifeng prefect. He presented more writings, passed the edict-drafting examination, received jinshi status, and was made vice director of the right secretariat office.
17
使遼，宴射，首中的。 遼人歎詫，求觀所引弓，以無故事，拒不與。 還，圖其山川、城郭、服器、儀範為五篇，上之。 從弟克公彈蔡京，京遷怒叔夜，摭司存微過，貶監西安草場。 久之，召為秘書少監，擢中書舍人、給事中。 時吏惰不虔，凡命令之出於門下者，預列銜，使書名而徐填其事，謂之：「空黃」。 叔夜極陳革其弊。 進禮部侍郎，又為京所忌，以徽猷閣待制再知海州。
On a Liao mission he won the banquet archery contest with the first shot. The Khitans marveled and asked to see his bow; with no precedent for such a request, he refused. Back home he submitted five illustrated reports on Liao terrain, cities, customs, and ritual. His cousin Ke Gong impeached Cai Jing, who turned on Shuye, seized a minor administrative fault, and demoted him to oversee the Xi'an pasture. Later he was recalled as vice director of the Secretariat and made drafting secretary and drafting reviewer. Clerks had grown slack: Chancellery orders were pre-signed with names filled in before the text was written—called "empty yellow" edicts. Shuye urgently petitioned to end the abuse. He rose to vice minister of rites, but Jing again resented him and sent him back to Haizhou as a Huixiu Pavilion academician-at-large.
18
宋江起河朔，轉略十郡，官軍莫敢嬰其鋒。 聲言將至，叔夜使間者覘所向，賊徑趨海瀕，劫钜舟十餘，載鹵獲。 於是募死士得千人，設伏近城，而出輕兵距海，誘之戰。 先匿壯卒海旁，伺兵合，舉火焚其舟。 賊聞之，皆無鬥志，伏兵乘之，擒其副賊，江乃降。 加直學士，徙濟南府。 山東群盜猝至，叔夜度力不敵，謂僚吏曰：「若束手以俟援兵，民無噍類，當以計緩之。 使延三日，吾事濟矣。」 乃取舊赦賊文，俾郵卒傳至郡，盜聞，果小懈。 叔夜會飲譙門，示以閒暇，遣吏諭以恩旨。 盜狐疑相持，至暮未決。 叔夜發卒五千人，乘其惰擊之，盜奔潰，追斬數千級。 以功進龍圖閣直學士、知青州。
Song Jiang rose in Hebei and swept through more than ten prefectures; government troops dared not face him. Hearing they were coming, Shuye sent scouts; the bandits raced to the coast, seized a dozen large ships, and loaded their loot. He recruited a thousand volunteers, laid ambushes near the city, and sent light troops to the coast to draw them into battle. He hid troops by the shore and, once battle joined, set fire to their fleet. Hearing this, the bandits lost heart; ambushers struck, captured the deputy leader, and Jiang surrendered. He was made academician-at-large and transferred to Jinan. Shandong bandits suddenly appeared; seeing he was outmatched, Shuye told his staff, "If we wait passively for reinforcements the people are doomed—we must stall them by guile. Give me three days and I will prevail." He circulated an old bandit amnesty by courier; hearing it, the robbers hesitated. He feasted at the gate tower to show calm and sent officials to proclaim the amnesty. The bandits wavered and by evening still had not moved. Shuye sent five thousand men, struck while they hesitated, routed them, and slew thousands in pursuit. For this victory he was made Longtu Pavilion academician-at-large and prefect of Qingzhou.
19
靖康改元，金人南下，叔夜再上章乞假騎兵，與諸將並力斷其歸路，不報。 徙鄧州。 四道置帥，叔夜領南道都總管。 金兵再至，欽宗手劄趣入衛。 即自將中軍，子伯奮將前軍，仲熊將後軍，合三萬人，翌日上道。 至尉氏，與金遊兵遇，轉戰而前。 十一月晦，至都，帝御南薰門見之，軍容甚整。 入對，言賊鋒方銳，願如唐明皇之避祿山，暫詣襄陽以圖幸雍。 帝頷之。 加延康殿學士。 閏月，帝登城，叔夜陳兵玉津園，鎧甲光明，拜舞城下。 帝益喜，進資政殿學士，令以兵入城，俄簽書樞密院。 連四日，與金人大戰，斬其金環貴將二人。 帝遣使齎蠟書，以褒寵叔夜之事檄告諸道，然迄無赴者。 城陷，叔夜被創，猶父子力戰。 車駕再出郊，叔夜因起居叩馬而諫，帝曰：「朕為生靈之故，不得不親往。」 叔夜號慟再拜，眾皆哭。 帝回首字之曰：「嵇仲努力！」
At the Jingkang reign change the Jurchens marched south; Shuye again asked for cavalry to cut off their retreat with other generals—no answer came. He was transferred to Dengzhou. Four regional commanders were appointed; Shuye led the southern route as overall commander. When the Jin returned, Qinzong wrote personally urging him to march to the capital's defense. He led the center himself, his son Bofen the vanguard and Zhongxiong the rear—thirty thousand men marching the next day. At Weishi he fought through Jin skirmishers and pressed on. On the last day of the eleventh month he reached the capital; the emperor met him at Nanxun Gate and found his troops perfectly disciplined. In audience he said the enemy was still strong and urged, as Tang Xuanzong had fled An Lushan, a temporary move to Xiangyang and then to Yong. The emperor nodded. He was made Yankang Hall academician. In the intercalary month the emperor mounted the walls; Shuye paraded his men in Yujin Garden in gleaming armor and bowed below. Delighted, the emperor made him Zizheng Hall academician, brought his troops inside, and soon named him signing commissioner of military affairs. For four days he fought the Jurchens and slew two of their gold-ring commanders. The emperor sent sealed letters praising Shuye and summoning the circuits, but none came. When the city fell he was wounded, yet he and his sons kept fighting. When the emperor went out to the suburbs again, Shuye seized the bridle and pleaded; the emperor said, "For the people's sake I must go myself." Shuye wailed and bowed twice, and all wept. The emperor looked back and called, "Jizhong, do your utmost!"
20
金人議立異姓，叔夜謂孫傅曰：「今日之事，有死而已。」 移書二帥，請立太子以從民望。 二帥怒，追赴軍中，至則抗請如初，遂從以北。 道中不食粟，唯時飲湯。 既次白溝，馭者曰：「過界河矣。」 叔夜乃矍然起，仰天大呼，遂不復語。 明日，卒，年六十三。 訃聞，贈開府儀同三司，諡曰忠文。
When the Jurchens debated enthroning a non-Song ruler, Shuye told Sun Fu, "Today there is only death." He wrote both Jin commanders urging that the crown prince be enthroned to satisfy the people. The commanders were furious, seized him, and when he still pleaded as before took him north. On the march he ate no grain, drinking only broth. At Bai Gou the driver said, "We have crossed the border river." Shuye started up, cried to heaven, and never spoke again. The next day he died, aged sixty-three. On news of his death he was posthumously made Defender-in-Chief with the posthumous name Loyal and Literary.
21
聶昌，字幸遠，撫州臨川人。 始繇太學上舍釋褐，為相州教授。 用蔡攸薦，召除秘書郎，擢右司員外郎。 時三省大吏階官視卿監者，立都司上，昌以名分未正，極論之。 詔自今至朝請大夫止。 以直龍圖閣為湖南轉運使，還為太府卿、戶部侍郎，改開封尹，復為戶部。 昌本厚王黼，既而從蔡京，為黼所中，罷知德安府。 又以鄉人訟，謫崇信軍節度副使，安置衡州。
Nie Chang, courtesy name Xingyuan, came from Linchuan in Fuzhou. He left the Imperial University's upper dormitory for office as instructor in Xiangzhou. Recommended by Cai You, he was made secretary and then vice director of the right secretariat office. Senior clerks of the three departments were ranked above the chief secretariat offices; Chang protested that this inverted proper precedence. An edict limited the practice to ranks no higher than Grandee for Court Discussion. As Longtu Pavilion academician he became Hunan transport commissioner, then treasury director and vice minister of revenue, then Kaifeng prefect, then minister of revenue again. Chang had been close to Wang Fu but later sided with Cai Jing; Fu struck back and he was demoted to prefect of De'an. A lawsuit by a fellow townsman brought demotion to deputy commissioner of Chongxin Army and exile to Hengzhou.
22
欽宗立，吳敏用事，以昌猛厲徑行為可助己，自散地授顯謨閣直學士、知開德府，道拜兵部侍郎，進戶部尚書，領開封府。 昌遇事奮然不顧，敢誅殺。 敏度不為用，始憚之，引唐恪、徐處仁共政，獨遺昌。
When Qinzong took the throne Wu Min, in power, valued Chang's fierce directness; from exile Chang was made Xianmo Pavilion academician and Kaide prefect, then vice minister of war en route, minister of revenue, and Kaifeng intendant. Chang acted boldly without hesitation and did not shrink from executions. Min found he could not control him, grew wary, brought Tang Ke and Xu Churen into government, and left Chang out.
23
李綱之罷，太學生陳東及士庶十余萬人，撾鼓伏闕下，經日不退，遇內侍輒殺之，府尹王時雍麾之不去。 帝顧昌俾出諭旨，即相率聽命。 王時雍欲置東等獄，昌力言不可，乃止。
When Li Gang was dismissed, student Chen Dong and more than a hundred thousand people drummed and knelt at the palace gate all day, killing eunuchs they met; prefect Wang Shiyong could not disperse them. The emperor sent Chang out with the imperial message, and the crowd obeyed at once. Wang Shiyong wanted to imprison Chen Dong and the others; Chang strongly opposed it and the plan was dropped.
24
昌再尹京，惡少年怙亂，晝為盜，入官民家攘金帛； 且去，輒自縛黨中三兩輩，聲言擒盜，持仗部走委巷，乃釋縛，分所掠而去。 人不奠居。 昌悉彈治正法，而縱博弈不之問，或謂令所禁，昌曰：「姑從所嗜，以懈其謀，是正所以禁其為非爾。」 昌舊名山，至是，帝謂其有周昌抗節之義，乃命之曰「昌」。
When Chang again governed the capital, hoodlums exploited the chaos to rob by day, breaking into homes to seize gold and silk; then bind a few accomplices, claim they were catching robbers, march through alleys with weapons, release them, and split the loot. No one could live in peace. Chang prosecuted crime strictly but ignored gambling; when told it was forbidden, he said, "Let them indulge their vices to dull their schemes—that is how you stop their crimes." His name had been Shan; the emperor now said he had Zhou Chang's integrity and renamed him Chang.
25
京師復戒嚴，拜同知樞密院。 入謝，即陳捍敵之策，曰：「三關四鎮，國家藩籬也，聞欲以畀敵，一朝渝盟，何以制之？ 願勿輕與，而檄天下兵集都畿，堅城守以遏其沖，簡禁旅以備出擊，壅河流以斷歸路。 前有堅城，後有大河，勁兵四面而至，彼或南下，墮吾網中矣。 臣願激合勇義之士，設伏開關，出不意掃其營以報。」 帝壯之，命提舉守禦，得以便宜行事。
When the capital was again placed under martial law he was made associate commissioner of military affairs. In his thanks audience he urged resistance: "The three passes and four garrisons are our screen; if we give them away and the enemy breaks faith tomorrow, how will we restrain them? Do not surrender them lightly; summon troops to the capital, hold the walls, ready the palace guard to strike, and dam the rivers to cut off retreat. With strong walls ahead, a great river behind, and crack troops converging from every side, if they march south they will fall into our net. I would rouse the brave, set ambushes, open the gates, and surprise their camp in revenge." The emperor was impressed and put him in charge of defense with discretionary authority.
26
會金人再議和，割兩河，須大臣報聘。 詔耿南仲及昌往，昌言：「兩河之人忠議勇勁，萬一不從，必為所執，死不瞑目矣。 儻和議不遂，臣當分遣官屬，促勤王之師入衛。」 許之。 行次永安，與金將黏罕遇，其從者稱閤門舍人，止昌徹傘，令用榜子贊名引見，昌不可，爭辨移時，卒以客禮見。 昌往河東，至絳，絳人閉壁拒之。 昌持詔抵城下，縋而登。 州鈐轄趙子清麾眾害昌，抉其目而臠之，年四十九。
The Jurchens again negotiated peace, requiring cession of the two He provinces and a ministerial embassy. Geng Nanzhong and Chang were ordered to go; Chang said, "The people of the two He provinces are loyal and fierce—if they refuse, we will be seized and die in shame. If peace fails, I will dispatch officials to urge relief armies to march to the capital's defense. The emperor agreed. En route at Yong'an they met the Jin general Nianhan. His escorts, claiming to be Gatefold attendants, made Chang close his parasol and insisted he be announced by name on a placard before audience. After prolonged argument he was at last received as a guest. Chang proceeded to Hedong; at Jiang the townspeople barred their gates against him. He brought the edict to the foot of the wall and was drawn up by rope. Prefectural commander Zhao Ziqing incited the mob to kill Chang—they gouged out his eyes and dismembered him. He was forty-nine.
27
建炎四年，始贈觀文殿大學士，諡曰忠湣。 父用之，年九十，以憂死。
In Jianyan 4 (1130) he was posthumously made Grand Academician of the Hall for Viewing Literature, with the posthumous title Zhongmin ("loyal and lamented"). His father Yongzhi, ninety years old, died of grief.
28
昌為人疏雋，喜周人之急，然恩怨太明，睚眥必報。 王黼之死，昌實遣客刺之，棄屍道旁。 遂附耿南仲取顯位，左右其說以誤國，卒至禍變，而身亦不免焉。
Chang was generous and quick to aid others in need, but he bore grudges sharply and repaid every slight. Chang had actually sent an agent to assassinate Wang Fu; the body was left by the roadside. He then aligned with Geng Nanzhong for high office, abetted his policies to the nation's harm, and when disaster came could not escape himself.
29
張閣，字台卿，河陽人。 第進士。 崇甯初，由衛尉主簿遷祠部員外郎； 資閱淺，為掌制者所議，蔡京主之，乃止。 俄徙吏部，遷宗正少卿、起居舍人，屬疾不能朝，改顯謨閣待制、提舉崇福宮。 疾愈，拜給事中、殿中監，為翰林學士。
Zhang Ge, courtesy name Taizheng, was from Heyang. He received his jinshi degree. Early in the Chongning era he rose from Recorder of the Guard Chamber to Vice Director of the Ministry of Rites; his résumé was thin and the edict drafters objected, but Cai Jing backed him and the matter ended. He soon transferred to the Ministry of Personnel, became Registrar of the Imperial Clan and Attending Scribe; when illness kept him from court he was made Attendant Gentleman of the Xianmo Pavilion and superintendent of Chongfu Palace. After recovery he was appointed Supervising Censor and Director of the Palace Bureau, then Hanlin Academician.
30
河北諸帥以繕城訖役，降獎詔，有中貴人為之地，將繼此策賞。 閣言：「此牧伯常職，若獎之，恐開邀功生事之路。」 徽宗曰：「卿言是也。」 格不下。 嘗夜盛寒草制稿進，帝猶坐，賞其警敏，賜詩以為寵。 京免相，閣當制，歷數其過，詞語遒拔，人士多傳誦之。
Hebei commanders who finished repairing fortifications received commendatory edicts; a palace eunuch interceded for them and similar rewards were to follow. Ge argued: "Fortifying cities is a governor's ordinary duty; rewarding it would invite opportunism and border incidents." Huizong replied: "You are right." The reward edict was withheld. One freezing night he presented a draft memorial while the emperor was still at his desk; Huizong praised his quickness and granted him an inscribed poem. When Cai Jing was removed as chief councilor, Ge wrote the dismissal edict listing his crimes in forceful prose that officials widely copied and recited.
31
京復相，以龍圖閣學士知杭州。 浙部和買絹，杭獨居十三，戶有至數百匹者，閣請均之他郡。 杭久闕守，閣經理有敘，去惡少年之為人害者，州以理聞。 召拜兵部尚書兼侍讀，復為學士，上日特賜敕詔，且有意大用，未幾，卒，年四十六。 閣初出守杭，思所以固寵，辭日，乞自領花石綱事，應奉由是滋熾雲。
When Cai Jing returned to power, Ge was made Academician of the Longtu Pavilion and prefect of Hangzhou. Under Zhe's collective silk levy Hangzhou alone shouldered thirteen shares, with some households owing hundreds of bolts; Ge asked that the burden be shared with neighboring prefectures. Hangzhou had long been without a prefect; Ge put administration in order, cleared out troublemaking youths, and the circuit reported his effective rule. He was recalled as Minister of War and imperial reader, again made Hanlin Academician; the emperor personally issued a promotion edict with intent to elevate him further, but he died soon after at forty-six. On first leaving for Hangzhou he sought to secure imperial favor and at his farewell audience asked to oversee the Flower-and-Stone Convoy himself—after which the tribute service grew vastly more oppressive.
32
張近，字幾仲，開封人。 第進士，累遷大理正、發運使。 呂溫卿以不法聞，近受詔鞫治，哲宗諭之曰：「此出朕命，卿毋畏惠卿。」 對曰：「法之所在，雖陛下不能使臣輕重，何惠卿也？」 溫卿謾不肯置對，近言：「溫卿所坐明白，儻聽其蔓詞，懼為株連者累。」 詔以眾證定其罪。 提舉河北東路常平、西路刑獄，入為刑部員外郎、大理少卿，以集賢殿修撰知瀛州。
Zhang Jin, courtesy name Jizhong, was from Kaifeng. A jinshi graduate, he rose through posts including Correcting Officer of the Court of Judicial Review and Transport Commissioner. Lü Wenqing had a reputation for misconduct; Jin was ordered to investigate him. Zhezong told him: "This mission comes from me—do not fear Huiqing." Jin answered: "Where the law applies, even Your Majesty cannot make me bend it—why should I fear Huiqing?" Wenqing stonewalled the interrogation. Jin said: "His guilt is plain; if we indulge evasive testimony, others caught in the net will suffer." The court ordered conviction on the weight of collective testimony. He supervised the Eastern Hebei granary and Western Hebei prisons, then entered the capital as Vice Director of Justice and Vice President of the Court of Judicial Review, and as Academician Editor governed Yingzhou.
33
遼使為夏人請命，而宿兵以臨我，近請亦出秦甲戍北道，伐其謀。 邊人呂懺兒入瓦橋為盜，吏執之，遼人因略宋民為質。 近言：「朝廷方繼好息民，當使曲在彼。 一偷之得失，不足為輕重，釋之便。」 滄民漁於海，遼卒利其饒，而私舉網取魚。 守兵與之鬥，斬級三十二，州將請賞之。 或言所殺乃平人，宜論如律，議弗決。 近言：「邊人貪利喜功，遂賞之，則為國起怨； 然彼挾兵涉吾地，謂之非盜可乎？ 如罪以擅興，他日將誰使禦敵？ 願兩置賞刑，略而不問。」 從之。
A Liao envoy interceded for the Tanguts while Liao troops massed on the border; Jin proposed deploying Qin troops along the northern route to counter their scheme. A frontier man named Lü San'er crossed into Waqiao to plunder and was arrested; the Liao then abducted Song civilians as hostages. Jin urged: "The court seeks renewed peace and relief for the people—the fault should rest with them. One thief is not worth a diplomatic crisis; release him. Cangzhou fishermen worked offshore; Liao soldiers, coveting the catch, illegally cast nets in Song waters. The garrison fought them and took thirty-two heads; the prefect requested battle honors. Some argued the dead were civilians and the troops should be prosecuted; the court could not agree. Jin warned: "Frontier troops are greedy and eager for glory—rewarding them will invite Liao resentment; yet they crossed our territory armed—can we deny they were raiders? If we punish them for acting without orders, who will defend the border tomorrow? I ask that both reward and punishment be set aside and the matter dropped." The court agreed.
34
出鎮高陽八年，累加顯謨閣待制、直學士，徙知太原府，以疾，提舉洞霄宮。 先，承詔買馬三千給牧戶，近悉斂諸民而不予直，為御史所劾，失學士。 二年而復之。 卒，年六十五。
He governed Gaoyang for eight years, rose to Attendant Gentleman of the Xianmo Pavilion and Direct Academician, then became prefect of Taiyuan; illness led to his appointment as superintendent of Dongxiao Palace. Earlier, ordered to purchase three thousand horses for pastoral households, he had requisitioned them from commoners without compensation; censors impeached him and he lost his academician rank. Two years later the rank was restored. He died at sixty-five.
35
鄭僅，字彥能，徐州彭城人。 第進士，為大名府司戶參軍。 留守文彥博以為材，部使者檄往他郡，彥博曰：「如鄭參軍詎可令數出？」 奏改司法，遷冠氏令。 河決府西，檄夜下調夫急，僅方閱保甲，盡籍即行，先他邑至，決遂塞。 使者怒劾之，留守王拱辰爭於朝曰：「微冠氏，城民魚矣。」 猶坐罰金。 時河朔饑，盜起，獨冠氏無之，且不入境。 他邑獲盜，詰治之，盜因言：「鄭冠氏仁，故相戒不犯爾。」 知福昌縣，復值歲饑，悉意振貸，民不流亡。 當第賞，不肯自列。
Zheng Jin, courtesy name Yanneng, was from Pengcheng in Xuzhou. A jinshi graduate, he served as revenue clerk of Daming Prefecture. Prefectural commissioner Wen Yanbo prized his ability; when the circuit intendant tried to transfer him elsewhere Yanbo protested: "How can an officer like Clerk Zheng be shuffled about so often?" He memorialized to keep him for judicial work and had him promoted to magistrate of Guanshi. When the Yellow River broke west of the prefecture an urgent night dispatch called for laborers; Jin was reviewing household registers, mobilized every name on the rolls at once, reached the site ahead of neighboring counties, and the breach was sealed. The intendant impeached him in anger, but prefect Wang Gongchen told the court: "Without Guanshi's men the city dwellers would have drowned like fish." Jin was fined nonetheless. During the Hebei famine bandits ravaged the region, but Guanshi alone was untouched—they would not even cross its border. When other counties captured robbers the prisoners explained: "Magistrate Zheng of Guanshi is humane, so we warned one another not to raid his district." As magistrate of Fuchang he again faced famine and spent all resources on relief grain loans, so the populace did not flee. He merited a merit citation but declined to nominate himself.
36
提舉京東常平，入為戶部員外郎，至太府卿，加直龍圖閣，為陝西都轉運使。 論饋餉河湟功，進集賢殿修撰、顯謨閣待制。 僅請籍閉田為官莊，是歲，鎮戎、德順收谷十余萬。 會西寧高永年戰沒熙河，帥臣歸咎官莊奪屬羌地，致其怨畔，詔罷之，議者以為惜。
He supervised the Jingdong granary, entered the capital as Vice Director and then Director of the Palace Granary, gained the Direct Dragon Diagram Pavilion title, and became chief transport commissioner for Shaanxi. For supplying the Hehuang campaigns he was promoted to Academician Editor and Attendant Gentleman of the Xianmo Pavilion. He proposed registering fallow land as state farms; that year Zhenrong and Deshun collected more than a hundred thousand piculs of grain. After Gao Yongnian of Xining fell in the Hehuang fighting, frontier commanders blamed the state farms for alienating Qiang lands and provoking revolt; the farms were abolished by edict, to the regret of many officials.
37
改知慶州，諸軍多殺老弱，持首要賞。 僅下令非強壯而能生致者，賞半之。 有內附羌追寇，得老人，不忍殺，擒之，乃其父也，相持哭，一軍感動。 時諸路爭進討奏捷，僅獨保境不生事，寇亦不犯。
As prefect of Qingzhou he found troops often killed the elderly and weak and presented heads for bounty. He decreed that captives who were not able-bodied fighting men but were taken alive would earn only half the standard reward. One assimilated Qiang pursuing bandits seized an old man he could not bring himself to kill—it proved to be his father; father and son wept in each other's arms and the entire unit was moved. While other circuits vied to raid and report victories, Jin alone held his line without provocation, and raiders in turn left his territory alone.
38
徙秦州，復為都轉運使，召拜戶部侍郎，改吏部侍郎、知徐州。 以顯謨閣直學士、通議大夫卒，年六十七，贈光祿大夫，諡曰修敏。 子望之，自有傳。
He transferred to Qinzhou and again served as chief transport commissioner, then was recalled as Vice Minister of Revenue and later Vice Minister of Personnel and prefect of Xuzhou. He died at sixty-seven as Direct Gentleman of the Xianmo Pavilion and Grandee of Dawn Discussion; posthumously honored as Grandee of Splendid Happiness with the posthumous name Xiumin. His son Wangzhi is treated in a separate biography.
39
宇文昌齡
Yu Wenchangling
40
宇文昌齡，字伯修，成都雙流人。 進士甲科，調榮州推官。 熊本經制梓夔，辟幹當公事。 凡攻討招襲，建南平諸城砦，皆出其畫。 遷大理丞。 本歸闕，言其功，擢提舉秦鳳路常平，改兩浙。
Yu Wenchangling, courtesy name Boxiu, was from Shuangliu in Chengdu. A first-class jinshi, he was appointed investigating officer in Rongzhou. When Xiong Ben pacified Zi and Kui circuits he recruited Changling as staff officer for public affairs. Every campaign of attack, summons, and raid, and every fortress built in Nanping, followed plans he drew up. He was promoted to assistant director of the Court of Judicial Review. When Xiong Ben returned to court he praised Changling's service; Changling was made commissioner of the Qinfeng granary and later transferred to the Two Zhes.
41
神宗患司農圖籍不肅，選官厘整，昌齡以使夔路入辭，留為寺主簿，遂拜監察御史。 鄜延帥奏所部劉紹能與西羌通，將為患。 帝察其不然，命昌齡即鄜州鞫之，果妄也。 昌齡因請深戒守臣，毋生事徼賞，以靖邊人之心。 使還，賜五品服。
Shenzong, troubled by chaotic Ministry of Revenue records, chose officials to reorganize them; Changling, bidding farewell before a Kui mission, was retained as registrar of the ministry temple and soon appointed investigating censor. The Fuyan-Yan frontier commander reported that Liu Shaoneng under his command was colluding with western Qiang and would become dangerous. The emperor doubted the charge and sent Changling straight to Fuzhou to investigate; the accusation proved groundless. Changling then urged the court to warn frontier officials sternly against provoking incidents for merit and to reassure border populations. On his return he was granted fifth-rank court robes.
42
尚書省建，以為比部員外郎。 時官曹更新，統紀未立，昌齡悉力從事，雖抵暮亦程吏不止。 具所立綱要，請於朝而行之。 三司故吏狃玩弛，多不便，思有以中之。 擿邏卒糾其宿直遣小吏取衾服事，大臣欲論以私役，帝以職事修飭，釋不問。 改吏部員外郎，出京西轉運副使，召為左司員外郎。
When the new Ministry Supervisory Office was formed he was made vice director of the Revenue Review Bureau. With offices reorganized but rules still unsettled, he threw himself into the work and kept clerks at their desks late into the evening. He drafted a full set of regulations and petitioned the throne to adopt them. Veteran clerks of the former Three Commissions, used to lax practice, resented the changes and looked for ways to undermine him. Patrol guards reported that during night watch he sent a junior clerk for bedding; senior officials wanted to charge him with misuse of labor, but the emperor, noting his offices were well run, dismissed the complaint. He became Vice Director of Personnel, served as deputy transport commissioner for the western capital circuit, and was recalled as vice director of the Left Bureau.
43
送遼使至雄州，當宴，從者不待揖而坐，昌齡誚其使曰：「兩朝聘好百年矣，入境置宴，非但今日，揖而後坐，此禮渠可闕邪？」 使者陽若不服，而心悟其非，卒成禮去。
While escorting Liao envoys to Xiongzhou, at the feast their followers sat without bowing first; Changling rebuked the envoy: "Our states have been at peace for a century; welcoming banquets at the border are nothing new—bow, then be seated. How can that courtesy be skipped?" The envoy feigned offense but inwardly acknowledged the fault; the ceremony was completed properly and they departed.
44
遷太常少卿，詔議郊祀合祭，論者不一。 昌齡曰：「天地之數，以高卑則異位，以禮制則異宜，以樂舞則異數，至於衣服之章，器用之具，日至之時，皆有辨而不亂。 夫祀者自有以感於無，自實以通於虛，必以類應類，以氣合氣，合然後可以得而親，可以冀其格。 今祭地於圜丘，以氣則非所合，以類則非所應，而求高厚之來享，不亦難乎。」 後竟用其議。 改直秘閣、知梓州，曆壽州、河中府、鄧、鄆、青三州。
He was made Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and ordered to debate whether heaven and earth should be worshipped together at the suburban altar; opinion was divided. Changling argued: "Heaven and earth differ in rank and therefore in ritual form, in the number of dancers, in vestments and vessels, and even in the calendar day of sacrifice—each has its proper distinction. Worship moves from the manifest to the unseen and from substance to spirit; like must answer like and breath must meet breath—only then can the sacrificer approach and hope for a response. To offer earth at the round Altar of Heaven is neither a joining of qi nor a matching of kinds, yet expect Heaven and Earth to accept the offering—is that not vain? The court eventually adopted his view. He became Direct Gentleman of the Secret Pavilion and prefect of Zizhou, then served successively at Shouzhou, Hezhong, and the prefectures of Deng, Yan, and Qing.
45
徽宗立，召為刑部侍郎，徙戶部侍郎。 陝西饋芻糧于邊，舊制令內郡轉給，為民病。 昌齡建言止輸其州，而令量取道裏費助邊糴，從之。 歲省糴價五百萬，公私便之。 以寶文閣待制知開封府，復為戶部侍郎，知青、杭、越三州。 卒，年六十五，詔為封傅護送歸，官給其葬費。 子常。
When Huizong took the throne he was recalled as Vice Minister of Justice and then transferred to Vice Minister of Revenue. Shaanxi fed fodder and grain to the frontier; the old rule required interior prefectures to forward supplies, which burdened the populace. Changling proposed halting each prefecture's full relay obligation and instead assessing transport costs by distance to subsidize frontier grain buying, and the court agreed. The change saved five million in annual grain costs and eased the burden on both government and people. He served as prefect of Kaifeng with the rank of attendant-drafter in the Baowen Pavilion, returned to the post of Vice Minister of Revenue, and governed Qingzhou, Hangzhou, and Yuezhou. He died at sixty-five. The throne ordered Feng Fu to escort his remains home and paid the funeral costs from the public purse. His son Chang.
46
子常
His son, Chang
47
常字權可。 政和末，知黎州。 有上書乞於大渡河外置城邑以便互市者，詔以訪常。 常言：「自孟氏入朝，藝祖取蜀輿地圖觀之，畫大渡為境，曆百五十年無西南夷患。 今若於河外建城立邑，虜情攜貳，邊隙寢開，非中國之福也。」 尋提舉成都路茶馬。 自熙、豐以來，歲入馬蕃多； 至崇、觀間，其法始壞。 提舉官歲以所入進羨餘，吏緣為奸，市馬裁十一二，且負其直，夷人皆怨。 常盡革其弊，馬遂溢額。 加直秘閣，改知夔州，進秘閣修撰。 官累中大夫。 卒。
Chang, whose style name was Quanke. Near the close of the Zhenghe reign he was prefect of Lizhou. A memorial asked to establish towns beyond the Dadu River to ease border trade, and the court instructed that Chang be consulted. Chang said, "After the Meng submitted, our Founder studied the map of Shu and marked the Dadu as the frontier; for a century and a half the southwest has been free of barbarian trouble. Building settlements beyond the river would sow divided loyalties among the tribes and slowly reopen the frontier—no blessing for the realm." The court soon appointed him to supervise the Chengdu circuit tea-and-horse offices. Under the Xi and Feng reforms the yearly intake of Tibetan horses had been plentiful; but by the Chongning and Guanning era the system had begun to collapse. Commissioners annually padded their accounts with reported surpluses; clerks turned the practice to fraud, purchasing barely a tenth of the horses owed and even defaulting on payment, until the tribes were seething. Chang swept away the abuses, and horse deliveries soon surpassed the quota. He was promoted to direct associate of the Secretariat Pavilion, made prefect of Kuizhou, and then advanced to compiler in the same pavilion. He rose through the ranks to Grandee of Palace Attendance. He passed away.
48
許幾，字先之，信州貴溪人。 少以諸生謁韓琦于魏，琦勉入太學。 擢第，調高安、樂平主簿，知南陵縣，還民之托僧尼為奸者數百人。
Xu Ji, whose style name was Xianzhi, came from Guixi in Xinzhou. As a young scholar he called on Han Qi in Wei, and Qi encouraged him to enroll in the Imperial University. After passing the jinshi examination he served as registrar in Gaoxan and Leping and as magistrate of Nanling, where he restored to commoners several hundred families whose property had been seized through monastic fraud.
49
提舉京西常平，為開封府推官，進至將作監。 吏與匠比為奸欺，凡斫削、塗塈、丹雘之工當以次用，而始役即概給其稟，費亡藝而患不均。 幾逆為之程，費省工倍。 再遷太僕卿、戶部侍郎，以顯謨閣待制知鄆州。
He supervised Ever-Normal Granaries on the western capital circuit, served as a judicial investigator in Kaifeng, and rose to director of the Directorate of Palace Construction. Clerks and artisans had colluded in fraud: hewing, plastering, and lacquering were supposed to be paid in stages, but rations were issued in lump sums at the outset, wasting funds without limit and breeding unfairness. Ji reversed the practice by setting staged schedules, cutting costs while doubling output. He was promoted again to Grand Mentor of the Stud and Vice Minister of Revenue, then sent to Yanzhou as attendant-drafter of the Xianmo Pavilion.
50
梁山濼多盜，皆漁者窟穴也。 幾籍十人為保，使晨出夕歸，否則以告，輒窮治，無脫者。
Liangshan Marsh teemed with bandits who hid among the fishing villages. Ji grouped fishermen in tens under mutual surety, requiring them to put out at dawn and return at dusk; violators were reported and prosecuted without exception.
51
幾有吏幹，善理財，由是四入戶部至尚書。 嘗以搖泉布法罷，又以治染院事失實，知婺州。 進樞密直學士、河北都轉運使、徙知成德軍、知太原府。 張商英裁損吏祿，幾預其議，貶永州團練副使，安置袁州。 遇恩，復中大夫，卒。
Ji had a gift for administration and finance and served four terms in the Ministry of Revenue, rising to minister. He was once removed over interference with coinage and cloth currency regulations, and later faulted for mishandling the imperial dye works before being made prefect of Wuzhou. He became a privy council academician and chief transport commissioner for Hebei, then governed the Chengde garrison and Taiyuan. When Zhang Shangying slashed official salaries Ji joined the debate and was demoted to training vice commissioner at Yongzhou and exiled to Yuanzhou. After a general amnesty he was restored to Grandee of Palace Attendance, then died.
52
程之邵
Cheng Zhi Shao
53
程之邵，字懿叔，眉州眉山人。 曾祖仁霸，治獄有陰德。 之邵以父蔭為新繁主簿。 熙寧更募役法，常平使者欲概州縣民力，以羨乏相補。 之邵曰：「此法乃成周均力遺意，當各以一邑之力供一邑之役，豈宜以此邑助他邑哉？」 使者愧服，辟之邵為屬，聽其所為。 熊本察訪蜀道歸，語諸朝曰：「役法初行，成都路為最詳，之邵力也。」 詔召見，成都守趙抃奏留之。 入為三司磨勘官，得隱匿數十萬緡。 從副使蹇周輔計度江、嶺鹽，還，除廣東轉運判官。 元祐初，提舉利、梓路常平，周輔得罪，亦罷知祥符縣。 俄知泗州，為夔路轉運判官。 夔守強狠不奉法，劾正其罪。 大寧井鹽為利博，前議者輒儲其半供公上，余鬻於民，使先輸錢，鹽不足給，民以病告。 之邵盡發所儲與之，商賈既通，關征增數倍。 除主管秦、蜀茶馬公事，革黎州買馬之弊，歲以仲秋為市，市四月止，以羨茶入熙、秦易戰騎，得良馬益多。
Cheng Zhi Shao, style name Yishu, was born in Meishan, Meizhou. His great-grandfather Renba had earned quiet merit through merciful judgment in criminal cases. Zhi Shao entered service through his father's privilege as registrar of Xinfan. When the Xining corvée reforms were introduced, the Ever-Normal commissioner wanted to pool labor levies across counties and offset surpluses against shortfalls. Zhi Shao said, "The reform follows the Zhou ideal of equal labor: each community should bear its own corvée. How can one district be made to serve another?" The envoy accepted the rebuke, took Zhi Shao on as aide, and left implementation to him. After inspecting the Shu routes, Xiong Ben told the court, "When the corvée law first took effect, the Chengdu circuit was the best run—thanks to Zhi Shao." The throne ordered him to court, but Chengdu's prefect Zhao Bian memorialized to keep him in the southwest. In the capital he audited the Three Commissions and exposed several hundred thousand strings of hidden funds. He assisted Vice Commissioner Jian Zhoufu in surveying salt along the Yangzi and Lingnan, then returned to become transport judge of Guangdong. Early in Yuanyou he oversaw Ever-Normal Granaries on the Li and Zi circuits; when Zhoufu fell from favor he was demoted to magistrate of Xiangfu. He was soon made prefect of Sizhou and transport judge on the Kuizhou circuit. The prefect of Kuizhou was brutal and lawless; Zhi Shao impeached him and secured conviction. Daning's well salt was highly profitable; earlier planners hoarded half for the state and sold the rest only on prepayment, so short deliveries drove the people to complain of hardship. Zhi Shao released the entire reserve to the market; trade revived and transit duties multiplied several times over. Put in charge of Qin and Shu tea-and-horse trade, he reformed Lizhou's horse purchases by fixing a four-month autumn market and trading surplus tea in Xi and Qin for cavalry mounts, steadily increasing the intake of fine horses.
54
知鳳翔府，民負債無以償，自焚其居，而紿曰遺火； 有主藏吏殺四婢，人無知者。 之邵發擿，岐人傳誦。 徙鄭州。
As prefect of Fengxiang he found debtors who could not pay setting fire to their homes and claiming accidental blaze; and a treasury clerk who murdered four maidservants without anyone's knowledge. Zhi Shao uncovered both cases, and the people of the Qishan region passed the tales from mouth to mouth. His next post was Zhengzhou.
55
元符中復主管茶馬，市馬至萬匹，得茶課四百萬緡。 童貫用師熙、岷，不俟報，運茶往博糴，發錢二十萬億佐用度。 連加直龍圖閣、集賢殿修撰，三進秩，為熙河都轉運使。 秦鳳出師，命之經制，即言已備十萬騎可食三百日矣。 徽宗喜，擢顯謨閣待制。 敵犯熙河，之邵攝帥事，屯兵行邊境，解去。 俄得疾卒。 方錄功轉太中大夫，不及拜，贈龍圖閣直學士，官護喪歸。 子唐，至寶文閣學士。
During Yuanfu he again headed the tea-and-horse offices, trading up to ten thousand horses and yielding four million strings in tea revenue. When Tong Guan campaigned in Xi and Min he acted without awaiting approval, sent tea to barter for grain, and released two hundred thousand strings of cash to meet army expenses. He rose through direct associate of the Dragon Diagram Pavilion and compiler in the Hall for Collecting Treasures across three promotions to chief transport commissioner of Xihe. When the Qin-Feng armies marched he was put in charge of logistics and at once reported stores enough to feed a hundred thousand horsemen for three hundred days. Delighted, Huizong promoted him to attendant-drafter of the Xianmo Pavilion. When enemies struck Xihe he acted as commander, posted troops along the frontier, and drove them off. He soon fell ill and died. Merit rolls were advancing him to Grandee of Palace Attendance when he died before taking office; the court posthumously granted him direct academician of the Dragon Diagram Pavilion and sent officials to escort his coffin home. His son Tang rose to academician of the Baowen Pavilion.
56
龔原，字深之，處州遂昌人。 少與陸佃同師王安石。 進士高第，元豐中為國子直講，以虞蕃訟失官。 哲宗即位，詣訴理所得直，為國子丞、太常博士。 方議祀北郊，原曰：「合祭，非理也。 天子父天母地，既不為寒而廢祠，其可為暑而輟行？ 此漢儒陋說爾，願亟正之。」 加秘閣校理，充徐王府記室，出為兩浙轉運判官。
Gong Yuan, style name Shenzhi, was from Suichang in Quzhou. In his youth he studied under Wang Anshi together with Lu Dian. He graduated near the top of the jinshi rolls, lectured at the State University under Yuanfeng, and was dismissed after the Yu Fan litigation. After Zhezong took the throne he appealed successfully and was restored as vice director of the State University and doctor of the Court of Sacrifices. When court debated the northern suburban rites, Yuan argued, "Combining the sacrifices is wrong in principle. The Son of Heaven honors Heaven as father and Earth as mother; if cold does not cancel the rites, how can heat? That is a crude Han scholastic notion, and I urge the court to correct it at once." He was made proofreader in the Secretariat, served as recorder in the household of Prince Xu, and was posted as transport judge on the Two Zhe circuits.
57
紹聖初，召拜國子司業，入對，帝問曰：「卿曆徐邸官，何為補外，得非大臣私意乎？」 對曰：「臣出使鄉部，獲知民間事宜，臣素知如是，不知其因也。」 旋兼侍講，遷秘書少監、起居舍人，權工部侍郎。 為曾布所重，安惇論其直講時事，以集賢殿修撰知潤州。
Early in Shaosheng he was recalled as vice rector of the State University. At audience the emperor asked, "You served Prince Xu's household—why were you sent outside the capital? Was that a minister's private maneuver?" He answered, "When I went home I learned the people's concerns firsthand. I had long suspected as much, though I do not know who arranged it." He was soon made concurrent lecturer, then Secretariat vice director, court diarist, and acting Vice Minister of Works. Zeng Bu favored him, but An Dun attacked his conduct as lecturer, and he was sent to Runzhou as compiler in the Hall for Collecting Treasures.
58
徽宗初，入為秘書監，進給事中。 時除郎官五人，皆執政姻戚，悉舉駁之； 又論郝隨得罪，不得居京師，鄧洵武不宜再入史院。 朝論謂帝為哲宗服，當循開寶故事，為齊衰期。 原曰：「三年之喪，自天子達于庶人，一也。」 主議者斥其妄，黜知南康軍，改壽州。 俄用三年之制，乃復修撰，知揚州。 還朝，曆兵、工部二侍郎，除寶文閣待制、知廬州。 陳瓘擊蔡京，原與瓘善，或謂原實使之，奪職居和州。 起為亳州，命下而卒，年六十七。
When Huizong took power he became director of the Secretariat and was promoted to attendant in the Censorate. When five bureau posts went to ruling ministers' kin, he memorialized to block every appointment; and argued that Hao Sui, having offended, should not remain in the capital and that Deng Xunwu ought not rejoin the History Institute. Court opinion held that mourning Zhezong required following the Kaibao precedent of one-year qi mourning. Yuan replied, "The three-year mourning applies alike from the Son of Heaven to the common people." The majority denounced him as reckless, demoted him to the Nankang commandery, then transferred him to Shouzhou. When the court soon adopted three-year mourning he was restored as compiler and made prefect of Yangzhou. Back at court he served as vice minister of War and Works, then was made attendant-drafter of the Baowen Pavilion and prefect of Luzhou. When Chen Guan assailed Cai Jing, Yuan's friendship with him led some to claim Yuan had orchestrated the attack; he was stripped of office and exiled to Hezhou. He was recalled to Bozhou, but died at sixty-seven before he could take up the post.
59
初，王安石改學校法，引原自助，原亦為盡力。 其後，司馬光召與語，譏切王氏，原反覆辨救不少衰。 光歎曰：「王氏習氣尚爾邪！」 為司業時，請以安石所撰《字說》、《洪範傳》及子雱《論語》、《孟子義》刊板傳學者。 故一時學校舉子之文，靡然從之，其敝自原始。
When Wang Anshi reformed the schools he enlisted Yuan's help, and Yuan threw himself into the work. Later Sima Guang summoned him and sharply attacked the Wang faction; Yuan argued back in their defense without yielding. Guang sighed, "The Wang faction's habits die hard!" As vice rector he asked that Wang's Explanations of Characters and Hongfan Commentary and his son Bian's commentaries on the Analects and Mencius be printed for students. Exam essays across the academies soon followed that fashion, and the damage began with Yuan.
60
崔公度
Cui Gongdu
61
崔公度，字伯易，高郵人。 口吃不能劇談，而內絕敏，書一閱即不忘。 劉沆薦茂才異等，辭疾不應命。 用父任，補三班差使，非其好也，益閉戶讀書。 歐陽修得其所作《感山賦》，以示韓琦，琦上之英宗，即付史館。 授和州防禦推官，為國子直講，以母老辭。
Cui Gongdu, style name Boyi, came from Gaoyou. A stammer kept him from fluent speech, but his mind was razor-sharp and he never forgot a book after one reading. Liu Kang nominated him for exceptional talent, but he pleaded illness and declined the summons. He entered office through his father's privilege as a third-class envoy, disliked the post, and devoted himself ever more to study behind closed doors. Ouyang Xiu obtained his Ganshan Fu and showed it to Han Qi, who presented it to Yingzong; the emperor immediately sent it to the History Institute. He was made judicial investigator at Hezhou and lecturer at the State University, but declined the latter because his mother was elderly.
62
王安石當國，獻《熙甯稽古一法百利論》，安石解衣握手，延與語。 召對延和殿，進光祿丞，知陽武縣。 京官謁尹，故事當拜庭下，公度疑尹辱己，徑詣安石訴之，安石使鄧綰薦為御史。 未幾，為崇文校書，刪定三司令式，於是誦言京官庭謁尹非宜，安石為下編敕所更其制。 加集賢校理，知太常禮院。
With Wang Anshi in power he submitted his treatise One Law, Hundred Benefits under Xining's Return to Antiquity; Wang received him informally and talked at length. Summoned to audience in the Yanhe Hall, he was promoted to vice director of the Guanglu Office and made magistrate of Yangwu. Capital officials calling on the Kaifeng prefect were expected to bow in the courtyard; Gongdu took this as an insult, appealed directly to Wang Anshi, and Wang had Deng Chuo nominate him for the censorate. Soon he became a Chongwen collator and revised the three bureaus' statutes; arguing that capital officials should not bow in the courtyard to the prefect, he persuaded Anshi to have the codifiers change the rule. He was made a Jixian collator and director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices.
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公度起布衣，無所持守，惟知媚附安石，晝夜造請，雖踞廁見之，不屑也。 嘗從後執其帶尾，安石反顧，公度笑曰：「相公帶有垢，敬以袍拭去之爾。」 見者皆笑，亦恬不為恥。 請知海州。 元祐、紹聖之間，曆兵禮部郎中、國子司業，除秘書少監、起居郎，皆辭不受。 知潁、潤、宣、通四州，以直龍圖閣卒。
A commoner with no principles, Gongdu knew only to fawn on Anshi, visiting day and night—even receiving audience on the privy without shame. Once he grabbed Anshi's belt from behind; when Anshi turned, Gongdu smiled: "Your belt is soiled—let me wipe it with my robe." Spectators laughed, but he felt no shame. He asked to be prefect of Haizhou. Between Yuanyou and Shaosheng he served in the war and rites ministries and as National University vice director, but declined posts as Secretariat vice director and court attendant. He governed Ying, Run, Xuan, and Tong prefectures and died as a Longtu Pavilion academician-at-large.
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蒲卣，字君錫，閬州人。 母任知書，裏中號「任五經」，卣幼以開敏聞。 中進士第，曆利州司戶參軍、三泉主簿、知合江金水縣。 通判文州，有獻議者欲開文州徑路達陝西，卣言：「洮、岷、積石至文為甚邇，自文出江油，鄧艾取蜀故道也。 異時鬼章欲從此窺蜀，為其阻隘而止。 夏人志此久矣，可為之通道乎？」 議遂塞。
Pu You, courtesy name Junxi, came from Langzhou. His mother Ren was learned and called "Ren of the Five Classics" locally; You was known from childhood for sharp intelligence. A jinshi graduate, he served as Lizhou revenue clerk, Sanquan registrar, and magistrate of Hejiang Jinshui. As Wenzhou vice-prefect, when someone proposed a direct route to Shaanxi, You said, "Tao, Min, and Jishi lie very near Wen; the road from Wen through Jiangyou is Deng Ai's old invasion route into Shu. Gui Zhang once tried to probe Shu this way but was stopped by the narrow terrain. The Western Xia have coveted this route for ages—should we open it for them?" The proposal died.
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為睦親宅教授，提舉湖北、京西常平。 崇甯均田，轉運使以用不足，將度費以定稅，卣曰：「詔旨所以嘉惠元元爾，初不在增賦也。」 宛、穰地廣沃，國初募民墾田，得為世業，令人毋輒訴，蓋百年矣，好訟者稍以易佃法搖之，卣一切禁止。 有持獻於權貴而降中旨給賜者，卣言：「地盈千頃，戶且數百，傳子至孫久，一旦改隸，眾將不安。 先朝明詔具在，不可易也。」 朝廷是其議。
He taught at the Mansion of Cordial Kinship and oversaw the Hubei and Jingxi granary systems. Under Chongning equal-field reforms the transport commissioner, short of funds, planned to set taxes by measuring costs; You said, "The edict aimed to benefit the people, not to raise taxes." Wan and Xiang are fertile; early in the dynasty settlers opened fields as hereditary holdings and suits were barred for a century—litigious men now used tenant-exchange laws to disrupt this, and You forbade it entirely. When powerful men received secret grants of presented land, You said, "These estates span a thousand qing and hundreds of households have held them for generations—sudden transfer will unsettle everyone. The former court's clear edicts still stand and cannot be changed." The court agreed.
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提點湖南刑獄，知鼎、遼、隴、寧四州，復提舉潼川路刑獄。 有議榷酤於瀘、敘間，雲歲可得錢二十萬。 卣言：「先朝念此地夷漢雜居，故弛其榷禁，以惠安邊人。 今之所行，未見其利。」 乃止。 累官中大夫，卒，年七十二。
He oversaw Hunan criminal justice, governed Ding, Liao, Long, and Ning, and again supervised Tongchuan circuit criminal affairs. Some proposed a wine monopoly between Lu and Xu, promising two hundred thousand strings a year. You said, "The former court relaxed the monopoly here because Yi and Han live mixed together, to benefit frontier peoples. The proposed change shows no clear benefit." It was dropped. He reached Grandee of Palace Attendance and died at seventy-two.
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論曰：「何㮚、孫傅、聶昌皆疏俊之士，而器質窳薄，使當重任於艱難之秋，宋事蓋可知矣，欽宗之再詣金營，㮚實誤之，一死不足償也。 傅匿太子之謀甚疏，昌河東之行尤謬，效死弗當，徒傷勇爾。 過庭因方臘之亂，乞誅蔡京、王黼、朱勔以謝天下，庶幾有敢諫之風焉。 《傳》曰：「尺有所不逮，寸有所不覃。」 觀二張之理郡，鄭僅之守藩，宇文父子之便邊糶、革馬政，許幾、程之邵之經制財運，蒲卣之議稅榷，皆有可稱道。 若閣之固寵于花石，而龔原、崔公度主王氏學以諂事安石，則搢紳所不齒也。」
The historians write: "He Li, Sun Fu, and Nie Chang were talented but shallow men; giving them grave duties in crisis foretold Song's fate. Li truly misled Qinzong's second visit to the Jin camp—his death could not atone for it. Fu's plot to hide the crown prince was crude; Chang's Hedong mission was absurd—their deaths were misapplied courage. Guoting, amid the Fang La rebellion, demanded the execution of Cai Jing, Wang Fu, and Zhu Xun to satisfy the realm—here at least was the spirit of bold remonstrance. The Documents says, "Even a foot-rule cannot measure everything; even an inch cannot cover all." Yet the two Zhangs' prefectural rule, Zheng Jin's frontier defense, the Yuwen men's grain and horse reforms, Xu Ji and Cheng Zhi Shao's fiscal management, and Pu You's tax and monopoly policies—all deserve praise. But Ge's clinging to favor through the Flower and Stone Bureau, and Gong Yuan and Cui Gongdu's promotion of Wang's learning to flatter Anshi—these men the gentry will not acknowledge."