1
向子諲
Xiang Ziyin
2
向子諲，字伯恭，臨江人，敏中玄孫，欽聖憲肅皇后再從侄也。 元符三年，以后復辟恩，補假承奉郎，三遷知開封府咸平縣。 豪民席勢犯法，獄具上，尹盛章方以獄空覬賞，卻不受，子諲以聞，詔許自論決，章大怒，劾以他事勒停。
Xiang Ziyin, styled Bogong, was from Linjiang. He was the great-great-grandson of Minzhong and a grandnephew of Empress Qinsheng Xiansu. In the third year of the Yuanfu era, he received an appointment as acting Gentleman for Court Service through the empress's grace for the restoration of the imperial residence, and after three promotions became magistrate of Xianping County in Kaifeng Prefecture. When a powerful local bully used his influence to break the law, Ziyin completed the case and submitted it, but Prefect Sheng Zhang—hoping for a reward for empty prisons—refused to accept it. Ziyin reported the matter, and the court authorized him to decide the case himself. Zhang was furious and impeached him on other grounds, forcing his suspension.
3
宣和初，復官，除江淮發運司主管文字。 淮南仍歲旱，漕不通，有欲浚河與江、淮平者，內侍主其議，無敢可否，發運司檄子諲行。 子諲言：「自江至淮數百里，河高江、淮數丈，而欲浚之使平，決不可。 曩有司三日一啟閘，復作澳儲水，故水不乏。 比年行直達之法，加以應奉往來，啟閉無節，堰閘率不存。 今復故制，嚴禁約，則無患。」 使者用其言，漕復通，進秩一等。 召對，除淮南轉運判官。 以戶部奏諸路起發上供不及數，降一官。
At the beginning of the Xuanhe era, his office was restored and he was appointed chief clerk of the Jiang-Huai Transport Commission. Huainan suffered drought year after year, blocking grain transport. Some proposed dredging the canal to bring it level with the Yangzi and Huai, and a eunuch championed the idea; no one dared approve or reject it. The Transport Commission dispatched Ziyin to investigate. Ziyin said, "From the Yangzi to the Huai is several hundred li, and the canal stands several zhang above the Yangzi and Huai. To dredge it level is absolutely impossible. Formerly officials opened the sluices once every three days and built storage basins, so water was never lacking. In recent years the direct-transport system was implemented; with tribute missions coming and going, sluices were opened and closed without restraint, and dams and gates were mostly gone. If we restore the old system now and enforce strict regulations, there will be no trouble." The commissioner adopted his advice, transport was restored, and he was promoted one rank. Summoned for audience, he was appointed transport intendant of Huainan. Because the Ministry of Revenue reported that various circuits failed to meet tribute quotas, he was demoted one rank.
4
遷直龍圖閣、江淮發運副使。 子諲言：「去歲劉順奉淵聖蠟詔，命監司帥守募兵勤王，臣即鏤板遍檄所部，而六路之間漠無應者； 間有團結起發者，類如兒戲，姑以避責而已。 惟淮東一路，臣親率諸司，粗成紀律。 然諸司猶有占吝錢物，莫肯供億，殊不念君父幽處圍城之中，臣當時恨無利刃以加其頸。 今京城失守，二帝播遷，儻賞罰不行，恐金人再為邊患，陛下復欲起天下之兵，而諸路翫習故常，恬不知畏，將何恃以濟艱難哉？ 願明詔大臣，按劾諸路監司向承蠟詔廢格不勤王，及名為勤王而稽緩者，悉加顯黜。」 命諸路提刑司究實以聞。 九月，子諲罷，以素為李綱所善，故黃潛善斥之。
He was transferred to Direct Associate of the Longtu Hall and deputy transport commissioner of the Jiang-Huai route. Ziyin said, "Last year Liu Shun received the wax-sealed edict of the Deposed Sage Emperor ordering circuit commissioners and prefectural commanders to raise troops to rescue the throne. I immediately had it carved on boards and dispatched proclamations throughout my jurisdiction, yet among the six circuits there was not a single response; where groups were mustered and sent out, it was like child's play, merely to evade responsibility. Only on the Huaidong route did I personally lead the various offices and roughly establish discipline. Yet the various offices still hoarded money and goods and would not supply them, utterly heedless that the sovereign and father languished within a besieged city; at the time I wished I had a sharp blade to put to their necks. Now the capital has fallen and the two emperors have been driven into exile. If rewards and punishments are not enforced, I fear the Jurchens will again threaten the borders. When Your Majesty again wishes to raise troops from all under Heaven, the various circuits will cling to old habits and know no fear—what will you rely on to overcome hardship? I hope Your Majesty will clearly order the great ministers to investigate and impeach circuit commissioners who received the wax-sealed edict but shelved it and did not march to rescue the throne, and those who claimed to march but delayed—all should be clearly dismissed." An order was issued for the judicial commissioners of each circuit to investigate and report. In the ninth month Ziyin was dismissed, because he had long been favored by Li Gang, and so Huang Qianshan removed him.
5
明年，知襲慶府，道梗不能赴。 初，邦昌為平章軍國事，子諲乞致仕避之，坐言者降三官，起復知潭州。 禁卒為亂，縱火掠市，出瀏陽縣，子諲遣通判孟彥卿等追及攸縣平之。
The next year he was appointed prefect of Xiqing Prefecture, but the roads were blocked and he could not go. Earlier, when Zhang Bangchang served as Grand Councilor of State and Military Affairs, Ziyin requested retirement to avoid him; because of remonstrators he was demoted three ranks, then recalled to serve as prefect of Tanzhou. Garrison soldiers mutinied, set fires and plundered the market, and went out to Liuyang County; Ziyin sent Vice Prefect Meng Yanqing and others to pursue them to You County and pacify them.
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金人破江西，移兵湖南，子諲聞警報，率軍民以死守。 宗室成忠郎聿之隸東壁，子諲巡城，顧謂曰：「君宗室，不可效此曹苟簡。」 聿之感激流涕。 金人圍八日，登城縱火，子諲率官吏奪南楚門遁，城陷。 坐敵至失守落職罷。 轉運副使賈收言子諲督兵巷戰，又收潰卒復入治事，帝亦以子諲與他守臣望風遁者殊科，詔復職。
When the Jurchens broke through Jiangxi and shifted troops to Hunan, Ziyin heard the alarm and led soldiers and civilians in a death-defying defense. The imperial clansman Chengzhong Lang Yu, assigned to the eastern wall, was on the wall when Ziyin made the rounds; turning to him he said, "You are of the imperial clan—you must not imitate these men in their lax ways." Yu was moved to tears. After the Jurchens besieged for eight days, they mounted the wall and set fires; Ziyin led officials and clerks to break through the South Chu Gate and flee, and the city fell. He was punished with dismissal from office for failing to hold the city when the enemy arrived. Deputy transport commissioner Jia Shou reported that Ziyin had directed troops in street fighting and also gathered routed soldiers to return and conduct affairs; the emperor also considered that Ziyin was in a different category from other defending officials who fled at the first sign of danger, and ordered his office restored.
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詔提舉江州太平觀。 胡安國方避地湖南，以書抵秦檜，言：「子諲忠節，可以扶持三綱，願憐其無救而陷於賊，復加收用。」 起知廣州。 時恐賊度嶺，故就用子諲守之。 又以言者罷，遂致仕。 尋起知江州，改江東轉運使，進秘閣修撰。 江東當餉劉光世軍，適劉豫入寇，光世軍合淝，以乏餉告，亟退師。 子諲馳至合淝，具見糧以聞，光世由是得罪。 進徽猷閣待制。 徙兩浙路為都轉運使，除戶部侍郎。
An edict appointed him to administer the Taiping Abbey in Jiangzhou. Hu An'guo was then taking refuge in Hunan and wrote to Qin Hui, saying, "Ziyin is loyal and steadfast and can uphold the Three Bonds; I hope you will pity him for falling into the hands of bandits when there was no rescue, and restore and employ him again." He was recalled to serve as prefect of Guangzhou. At the time they feared bandits would cross the mountains, and so Ziyin was immediately put in charge of the defense. Again because of remonstrators he was dismissed and then retired. Soon he was recalled as prefect of Jiangzhou, then changed to transport commissioner of Jiangdong, and promoted to Compiler of the Secret Archive. Jiangdong was to supply Liu Guangshi's army; just then Liu Yu invaded, Guangshi's army was at Hefei, and reporting lack of provisions he quickly withdrew. Ziyin galloped to Hefei, fully inspected the grain and reported; Guangshi was thereby found guilty. He was promoted to Awaiting Draftsman of the Huayou Hall. He was transferred to the Two-Zhe circuit as chief transport commissioner and appointed Vice Minister of Revenue.
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入見，論京都舊事，頗及珍玩。 起居郎潘良貴故善子諲，聞其言甚怒。 既而子諲奏金國報聘及奠朱震事，反復良久。 良貴徑至榻前厲聲叱之曰：「子諲不宜以無益之談，久煩聖聽。」 子諲欲退，上謂良貴曰：「是朕問之也。」 又諭子諲款語。 子諲復語，久不止，良貴叱之退者再，上色變，欲抵良貴罪。 中丞常同言：「良貴無罪，願許子諲補外。」 上並怒同，張九成言：「士大夫所以嘉子諲者，以其能眷眷於善類。 今以子諲故逐柱史，又逐中司，非所以愛子諲也。」 上意稍解，批諭同，同言不已，於是三人俱罷。 子諲以徽猷閣直學士知平江府。 金使議和將入境，子諲不肯拜金詔，乃上章言：「自古人主屈己和戎，未聞甚於此時，宜卻勿受。」 忤秦檜意，乃致仕。
On entering audience he discussed old affairs of the capital, touching considerably on rare treasures. Attendant Gentleman Pan Lianggui had been friendly with Ziyin and was very angry on hearing his words. Then Ziyin memorialized on the Jin state's return embassy and the offering for Zhu Zhen, going on at length. Lianggui went straight to the front of the couch and sternly rebuked him, "Ziyin should not weary the sacred ear with useless talk for so long." Ziyin wished to withdraw; the emperor said to Lianggui, "It was I who asked him." He again instructed Ziyin to speak at length. Ziyin spoke again and would not stop; Lianggui twice ordered him to withdraw; the emperor's expression changed and he wished to punish Lianggui. Censor-in-Chief Chang Tong said, "Lianggui is not guilty; I hope Ziyin may be permitted to serve outside the capital." The emperor was angry with Tong as well; Zhang Jiucheng said, "The reason scholars esteem Ziyin is that he cares deeply for good men. Now because of Ziyin you dismiss the Censor and again dismiss the Central Secretariat censor—this is not the way to show affection for Ziyin." The emperor's mind was somewhat eased; he annotated and instructed Tong, but Tong would not stop speaking, and so all three were dismissed. Ziyin served as Direct Academician of the Huayou Hall and prefect of Pingjiang Prefecture. When Jin envoys came to discuss peace and were about to enter the border, Ziyin refused to bow to the Jin edict; he then submitted a memorial saying, "Since antiquity sovereigns have humbled themselves to make peace with barbarians, but never have I heard of anything worse than at this time—it should be refused and not accepted." This offended Qin Hui's intent, and he retired.
9
子諲相家子，能修飭自見於時。 友愛諸弟，置義莊，贍宗族貧者。 初漕淮南時，張邦昌偽詔至，虹縣令已下迎拜宣讀如常式，獨武尉徐端益不拜而走。 事定，子諲言于朝，易端益文資。 退閑十五年，號所居曰「薌林」。 卒，年六十八。
Ziyin was a son of a prime minister's family and was able to discipline himself and make himself seen in his time. He was affectionate toward his younger brothers, established a charity estate, and supported poor clansmen. When he first transported grain in Huainan, Zhang Bangchang's false edict arrived; the magistrate of Hong County and those below welcomed it, bowed, and proclaimed it as usual, but only Military Retainer Xu Duanyi refused to bow and fled. When the affair was settled, Ziyin reported to the court and had Duanyi's civil rank changed. In retirement for fifteen years, he called his residence "Xianglin." He died at age sixty-eight.
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陳規，字元則，密州安丘人。 中明法科。 靖康末，金人入侵，殺鎮海軍節度使劉延慶，其徒祝進、王在去為盜，犯隨、郢、復等州。 規為安陸令，以勤王兵赴汴，至蔡州，道梗而還。 會祝進攻德安府，守棄城遁，父老請規攝守事。 規遣射士張立率兵討進，卻之。 既而在復與進合，以砲石鵝車攻城東，規連戰敗之，二人懼，引眾去。
Chen Gui, styled Yuanze, was from Anqiu in Mizhou. He passed the Mingfa examination. At the end of the Jingkang era the Jurchens invaded; they killed Military Commissioner of the Zhenhai Army Liu Yanqing, and his followers Zhu Jin and Wang Zai went off as bandits, raiding Sui, Ying, Fu, and other prefectures. Gui was magistrate of Anlu and led rescue-the-throne troops toward Bian; reaching Cai Prefecture, the roads were blocked and he returned. Just then Zhu Jin attacked De'an Prefecture; the prefect abandoned the city and fled, and the elders asked Gui to act as defender. Gui sent archer Zhang Li to lead troops against Jin and repulsed him. Later at Fu he joined with Jin; they used catapults and siege towers to attack the east gate. Gui repeatedly defeated them in battle, and the two men feared and withdrew with their forces.
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時桑仲剽略襄、漢間，其副霍明屯兵郢上，規請於朝，就以明守郢。 張浚都督行蜀道，仲引兵窺之，為王彥所敗。 仲怒，從數百騎來譙明，明殺之，奔劉豫，以書招規，規械其使以聞。 李橫圍城，造天橋，填濠，鼓噪臨城。 規帥軍民禦之，砲傷足，神色不變，圍急糧盡，出家財勞軍，士氣益振。 橫遣人來，願得妓女罷軍，規不許。 諸將曰：「圍城七十日矣，以一婦活一城，不亦可乎。」 規竟不予。 會濠橋陷，規以六十人持火槍自西門出，焚天橋，以火牛助之，須臾皆盡，橫拔砦去。
At the time Sang Zhong plundered between Xiang and Han; his deputy Huo Ming stationed troops at Ying. Gui requested of the court that Ming be put in charge of Ying. Zhang Jun was grand coordinator on the Shu route; Zhong led troops to spy on him and was defeated by Wang Yan. Zhong was angry and came with several hundred horsemen to reproach Ming; Ming killed him, fled to Liu Yu, and sent a letter to recruit Gui; Gui shackled the messenger and reported it. Li Heng besieged the city, built sky-bridges, filled the moat, and with drums and shouts pressed the walls. Gui led soldiers and civilians in defense; a catapult wounded his foot, but his expression did not change. The siege grew urgent and provisions were exhausted; he spent his family wealth to reward the army, and morale rose still more. Heng sent someone saying he wished to obtain a courtesan and would then withdraw the army; Gui would not agree. The generals said, "The city has been besieged seventy days; to save a whole city with one woman—would that not do?" Gui ultimately would not give her. When the moat bridge collapsed, Gui took sixty men with fire-lances out the west gate, burned the sky-bridge, and used fire-oxen to assist; in an instant all was destroyed, and Heng withdrew his camp.
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升徽猷閣直學士，詔赴行在，改顯謨閣直學士，徙知池州、沿江安撫使。 入對，首言：「鎮撫使當罷，諸將跋扈，請用偏裨以分其勢。」 上皆納之。 遷龍圖閣直學士，改知廬州，尋又召赴行在，以疾辭，提舉江州太平觀。 復起知德安府，坐失察吏職，鐫兩官。
He was promoted to Direct Academician of the Huayou Hall; an edict ordered him to the temporary capital; he was changed to Direct Academician of the Xianmo Hall and transferred as prefect of Chizhou and river pacification commissioner. On entering audience he first said, "Pacification commissioners should be abolished; the generals are overbearing—please use junior officers to divide their power." The emperor accepted all of it. He was transferred to Direct Academician of the Longtu Hall and changed to prefect of Luzhou; soon he was again summoned to the temporary capital, but citing illness he declined and was appointed to administer the Taiping Abbey in Jiangzhou. He was again recalled as prefect of De'an Prefecture; for failure to supervise officials he was reduced two ranks.
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金人歸河南地，改知順昌府，葺城壁，招流亡，立保伍。 會劉錡領兵赴京留守過郡境，規出迎，坐未定，傳金人已入京城，即告錡城中有粟數萬斛，勉同為死守計。 相與登城區畫，分命諸將守四門，且明斥候，募土人鄉導間諜。 佈設粗畢，金游騎已薄城矣。 既至，金龍虎大王者提重兵踵至，規躬擐甲胄，與錡巡城督戰，用神臂弓射之，稍引退，復以步兵邀擊，溺於河者甚眾。 規曰：「敵志屢挫，必思出奇困我，不若潛兵斫營，使彼晝夜不得休，可養吾銳也。」 錡然之，果劫中其砦，殲其兵甚眾。 金人告急於兀术。 規大饗將士，酒半問曰：「兀术擁精兵且至，策將安出？」 諸將或謂今已累捷，宜乘勢全師而歸。 規曰：「朝廷養兵十五年，正欲為緩急用，況屢挫其鋒，軍聲稍振。 規已分一死，進亦死，退亦死，不如進為忠也。」 錡叱諸將曰：「府公文人猶誓死守，況汝曹耶！ 兼金營近三十里，兀术來援，我軍一動，金人追及，老幼先亂，必至狼狽，不獨廢前功，致兩淮侵擾，江、浙震驚。 平生報君，反成誤國，不如背城一戰，死中求生可也。」 已而兀术至，親循城，責諸酋用兵之失，眾跪曰：「南兵非昔比。」 兀术下令晨飯府庭，且折箭為誓，並兵十餘萬攻城，自將鐵浮屠軍三千遊擊。 規與錡行城，勉激諸將，流矢及衣無懼色，軍殊死鬥。 時方劇暑，規謂錡毋多出軍，第更隊易器，以逸制勞，蔑不勝矣。 每清晨輒堅壁不出，伺金兵暴烈日中，至未申，氣力疲，則城中兵爭奮，斬獲無算，兀术宵遁。 錡奏功，詔褒諭之，遷樞密直學士。 規至順昌，即廣糴粟麥實倉廩。 會計議司移粟赴河上，規請以金帛代輸，至是得其用，成錡功者，食足故也。
When the Jurchens returned Henan territory, he was changed to prefect of Shunchang Prefecture, repaired walls, recruited refugees, and established mutual-security groups. When Liu Qi led troops passing through the prefecture on the way to the capital garrison, Gui went out to welcome him; before they had sat long, word came that the Jurchens had entered the capital. He immediately told Qi the city had tens of thousands of hu of grain and urged a joint plan for a death-defying defense. Together they mounted the wall to plan, assigned generals to guard the four gates, clarified scouts, and recruited local guides and spies. When deployment was roughly complete, Jin scouting cavalry were already close to the city. When they arrived, the Jin Prince of Gold and Tiger arrived with heavy troops in succession; Gui personally donned armor and, with Qi, patrolled the wall directing battle, shooting with the divine arm bow; they slightly withdrew, then infantry intercepted and many drowned in the river. Gui said, "The enemy's will has been repeatedly broken; they will surely think to use stratagems to trap us. Better to send troops secretly to cut their camp so they cannot rest day or night—this can preserve our sharpness." Qi agreed; they indeed raided the center of their camp and destroyed very many of their troops. The Jurchens urgently reported to Wuzhu. Gui gave a great feast to the officers and soldiers; halfway through the wine he asked, "Wuzhu is coming with elite troops—what plan shall we adopt?" Some generals said that having already won repeatedly, they should take advantage and withdraw the whole army. Gui said, "The court has maintained troops for fifteen years precisely for emergencies; moreover we have repeatedly broken their edge and military renown has somewhat revived. I have already allotted myself to death—advance is death and retreat is death; better to advance in loyalty." Qi rebuked the generals, "The prefect is a civil official yet swears to die defending—how much more you! Moreover the Jin camp is nearly thirty li away; when Wuzhu comes to aid, if our army moves the Jurchens will pursue, the old and young will first fall into disorder, and we will surely be thrown into confusion—not only wasting prior achievement and bringing the Two Huai into disturbance, but also shaking Jiang and Zhe. Repaying the sovereign in life yet becoming one who harms the state—better to fight with one's back to the wall and seek life within death." Soon Wuzhu arrived, personally walked the wall, and rebuked the chiefs for military errors; the crowd knelt and said, "Southern troops are not as before." Wuzhu ordered breakfast in the prefectural courtyard, broke arrows in oath, combined more than a hundred thousand troops to attack the city, and personally led three thousand Iron Floating Tower troops in mobile attack. Gui and Qi walked the wall, encouraged and roused the generals; stray arrows reached their clothes yet they showed no fear, and the army fought to the death. It was then intense summer heat; Gui told Qi not to send out too many troops, but only to rotate units and change weapons, using rest to overcome fatigue—they would surely win. Each morning he held the walls and did not go out, waiting until Jin troops were exposed in the blazing sun; by the hour of wei their strength was exhausted, then city troops competed in valor, killing and capturing beyond count, and Wuzhu fled by night. Qi reported achievement; an edict praised and instructed him, and he was transferred to Direct Academician of the Privy Council. When Gui reached Shunchang, he immediately bought grain and wheat widely to fill the granaries. The Accounting Bureau moved grain to the river; Gui requested substituting gold and silk for transport, and at this time it was put to use—what made Qi's achievement was having sufficient food.
14
移知廬州兼淮西安撫，既至，疾作。 有旨修郡城，規在告，吏抱文書入臥內，規力疾起曰：「帥事，機宜董之； 郡城，通判董之。」 語畢而卒，年七十。 贈右正議大夫。 有《攻守方略》傳於世。
He was transferred as prefect of Luzhou and concurrently Huai'an pacification commissioner; once he arrived, illness set in. There was an order to repair the prefectural walls; Gui was on sick leave, and clerks brought documents into his bedchamber; Gui forced himself up and said, "Command matters—the staff officer shall direct them; the prefectural walls—the vice prefect shall direct them." When he finished speaking he died, age seventy. He was posthumously given Right Regular Policy Grandee. His Attack-and-Defense Strategy was transmitted in the world.
15
初，規守德安時，嘗條上營屯田事宜，欲仿古屯田之制，合射士民兵，分地耕墾。 軍士所屯之田，皆相險隘立堡砦，寇至則堡聚捍禦，無事則乘時田作，射士皆分半以耕屯田。 民戶所營之田，水田畝賦粳米一斗，陸田賦麥豆各五升。 滿三年無逋輸，給為永業。 流民自歸者以田還之。 凡屯田事，營田司兼行，營田事，府縣官兼行，皆不更置官吏，條列以聞，詔嘉獎之，仍下其法于諸鎮。 自紹興以來，文臣鎮撫使有威聲者，惟規而已。
Earlier, when Gui defended De'an, he once submitted in detail matters of garrison-colony fields, wishing to follow the ancient garrison-colony system, combining archers, militia, and soldiers to divide land for cultivation. Fields garrisoned by soldiers all established fortresses at strategic passes; when bandits came the forts gathered to defend, when there was peace they farmed in season, and archers all divided half their time to farm colony fields. For fields operated by civilian households, paddy fields paid one dou of polished rice per mu, dry fields paid five sheng each of wheat and beans. After three full years without arrears, the land was granted as permanent property. Refugees who returned of themselves had fields returned to them. All colony-field matters were jointly handled by the Colony Field Bureau; colony-field affairs were jointly handled by prefectural and county officials, without adding new officials; he listed items and reported, and an edict praised and rewarded him and still sent his method down to the various garrisons. Since the Shaoxing era, among civil pacification commissioners with martial renown, only Gui.
16
規端毅寡言笑，然待人和易。 以忠義自許，尤好振施，家無贏財。 嘗為女求從婢，得一婦甚閒雅，怪而詢之，乃雲夢張貢士女也，亂離夫死無所託，鬻身求活，規即輟女奩嫁之，聞者感泣。 規功名與諸將等，而位不酬勞，時共惜之。 乾道八年，詔刻《規德安守城錄》頒天下為諸守將法。 立廟德安，賜額「賢守」，追封忠利侯，後加封智敏。
Gui was dignified and resolute, sparing of words and laughter, yet treated people with ease. He pledged himself to loyalty and righteousness and especially loved generous giving; his household had no surplus wealth. Once seeking a maid for his daughter, he obtained a woman very refined and elegant; wondering, he questioned her—it was the daughter of a Yunmeng jinshi; her husband died in the chaos and she had nowhere to rely on, and sold herself to live. Gui immediately gave his daughter's dowry to marry her; hearers were moved to tears. Gui's merit was equal to the generals, yet his rank did not match his labor; contemporaries together regretted it. In the eighth year of Qiandao, an edict ordered the Record of Chen Gui's Defense of De'an carved and distributed throughout the realm as a model for defending generals. A temple was established at De'an, granted the title "Worthy Defender," posthumously enfeoffed as Marquis of Loyal Benefit, later additionally enfeoffed as Wise and Keen.
17
季陵，字延仲，處之龍泉人。 登政和二年上舍第，三遷太學博士。 論學術邪正異同，長官怒，譖之執政，謫知舒城縣。 未幾，除太常寺簿，遷比部員外郎。 高宗即位，從至揚州。 建炎二年，守尚書右司員外郎、太常少卿。 金人南侵，帝幸杭州，朝廷儀物皆委棄之，陵奉九廟神主負之以行，拜起居郎，遷中書舍人。
Ji Ling, styled Yanzhong, was from Longquan in Chuzhou. He passed the upper-house examination in the second year of Zhenghe and after three promotions became Erudite of the Directorate of Education. Discussing whether learning was orthodox or heterodox and their similarities and differences, the chief official was angry, slandered him to the chief ministers, and he was demoted as prefect of Shucheng County. Before long he was appointed Registrar of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and transferred to Outer Section Vice Director of the Ministry of Revenue. When Gaozong took the throne, he followed to Yangzhou. In the second year of Jianyan he held Outer Section Vice Director of the Ministry of Revenue and Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. When the Jurchens invaded south, the emperor went to Hangzhou; court ritual objects were all abandoned; Ling carried the spirit tablets of the Nine Temples on his back as he went, was appointed Attendant Gentleman, and transferred to Drafting Attendant of the Central Secretariat.
18
三年六月，淫雨，詔求直言。 陵言：
In the sixth month of the third year there was excessive rain; an edict sought forthright speech. Ling said:
19
「金人累歲侵軼，生靈塗炭，怨氣所積，災異之來，固不足怪。 『惟先格王，正厥事』，則在我者其可忽邪？ 臣觀廟堂無擅命之臣，惟將帥之權太盛； 宮閫無女謁之私，惟宦寺之習未革。 今將帥擁兵自衛，浸成跋扈，苗、劉竊發，勤王之師一至，淩轢官吏，莫敢誰何？ 此將帥之權太盛，有以干陽也。 宦寺縱橫，上下共憤，卒碎賊手，可為戒矣。 比聞復召藍珪，黨與相賀，聞者切齒，此宦寺之習未革有以干陽也。 《洪範》：『休徵曰肅，時雨若……謀，時寒若； 咎徵曰狂，恒雨若……急，恒寒若。』 自古天子之出，必載廟主行，示有尊也。 前日倉卒迎奉，不能如禮。 既至錢塘，置太廟于道宮，薦享有闕； 留神御于河滸，安奉後時。 不肅之咎，臣意宗廟當之。 比年盜賊例許招安，未幾再叛，反墮其計。 忠臣之憤不雪，赤子之冤莫報，不謀之咎，臣意盜賊當之。 道路之言謂鑾輿不久居此，自臣臆度，決無是事，假或有之，不幾於狂乎？ 軍興以來，既結保甲，又改巡社，既招弓手，又募民兵，民力竭矣，而猶誅求焉，不幾於急乎？ 此皆陰道太盛所致。」
"The Jurchens for years have raided and trampled; the people are smeared with charcoal; resentment accumulates—disasters and anomalies coming is certainly not strange. 'Only first correct the king and rectify his affairs'—can what lies with us be neglected? I observe the court hall has no ministers who usurp orders, but only the power of generals is too great; the inner palace has no private access for women, but only eunuch customs are not reformed. Now generals hold troops to protect themselves, gradually becoming overbearing; when Miao and Liu stole the initiative and rescue-the-throne armies arrived, they trampled officials—who dared reproach them? This is generals' power too great, which has offended yang. Eunuchs ran rampant; above and below shared anger; in the end they were crushed by bandits' hands—this can serve as a warning. Recently I heard Lan Gui was again summoned; his faction congratulated one another; hearers gnashed teeth—this is eunuch custom not reformed, which has offended yang. The Hong Fan: 'A favorable sign is reverence, then timely rain... counsel, then timely cold; an unfavorable sign is madness, then constant rain... haste, then constant cold.' Since antiquity when the Son of Heaven went out he necessarily carried the temple tablets, showing there was reverence. The other day in haste welcoming and escorting, it could not be as ritual required. Having reached Qiantang, the Grand Temple was placed in a Daoist abbey and offerings were deficient; the imperial spirit was left at the river bank and installation came late. The fault of irreverence—in my view the ancestral temple should bear it. In recent years bandits were routinely permitted to accept amnesty; before long they rebelled again, falling into their scheme. Loyal ministers' anger is not cleared; common people's wrongs are not avenged—the fault of lack of counsel, in my view bandits should bear it. Roadside talk says the imperial carriage will not long remain here; by my own reckoning there is absolutely no such thing—if there were, would it not be close to madness? Since military campaigns began, mutual-security groups were already formed, patrol communities were also changed, bowmen were recruited and militia also levied—the people's strength is exhausted, yet exactions continue—would that not be close to haste? All these are caused by yin being too strong."
20
帝嘉納之。
The emperor praised and accepted it.
21
時除梁揚祖為發運使，給事中劉寧止言其不可，乃以起居郎綦崇禮權給事中，書讀，陵封還錄黃。 又言：「防秋已迫，願陛下先定兵衛及扈從之臣，萬一敵勢猖獗，便當整駕親按營壘，召諸道兵以為援，留將相大臣，相率死守，勿效前日百官跣足奔竄，以扈蹕為名，棄城池以予敵，使生靈墮塗炭，財用填溝壑。」
At the time Liang Yangzu was appointed transport commissioner; Giving Attendant Liu Ningzhi said it was not suitable; then Attendant Gentleman Qi Chongli was made acting Giving Attendant; when the draft was read, Ling sealed and returned the recorded yellow. He also said, "Autumn defense is already urgent; I hope Your Majesty will first fix military guards and escort ministers—if the enemy's force should run wild, then you should marshal the carriage personally to inspect camps, summon troops from all routes as aid, leave chief ministers and great ministers to lead one another in death-defying defense, and not imitate the other day when officials fled barefoot in panic in the name of escorting the carriage, abandoning cities to give the enemy, making the people fall into charcoal and wealth fill gullies and ditches."
22
時張浚為川陝等路宣撫處置使，陵論其太專，忤旨，罷為徽猷閣待制、知太平州，未行，落職與祠。 數月，復職，除知溫州，又改中書舍人，皆力辭。
At the time Zhang Jun was grand coordinator and disposition commissioner of the Chuan-Shaanxi routes; Ling criticized him as too autocratic, offended the imperial intent, was dismissed as Awaiting Draftsman of the Huayou Hall and prefect of Taiping Prefecture; before going he was stripped of office and given a sinecure. After several months his office was restored; he was appointed prefect of Wenzhou, then changed to Drafting Attendant of the Central Secretariat—all he forcefully declined.
23
范宗尹薦其才，命知臨安府，復為中書舍人。 入對，言：
Fan Zongyin recommended his talent; he was ordered prefect of Lin'an Prefecture and again Drafting Attendant of the Central Secretariat. On entering audience he said:
24
「事有可深慮者四，尚可恃者一：大駕未有駐蹕之地、賢人皆無經世之心、兵柄分而將不和、政權去而主益弱； 所恃以僅存者，人心未厭而已。
"There are four matters that can be deeply considered, and one that can still be relied on: the great carriage has no place of permanent halt, worthy men all lack minds to order the age, military power is divided and generals are not harmonious, government power departs and the ruler grows weaker; what can be relied on for bare survival is only that hearts of the people are not yet weary.
25
前年議渡江，人以為可，朝廷以為不可，故諱言南渡而降詔回鑾。 去年議幸蜀，人以為不可，朝廷以為可，故弛備江、淮，經營關、陝。 以今觀之，孰得孰失？ 維揚之變，朝廷不及知而功歸宦寺； 錢塘之變，朝廷不能救而功歸將帥，是致此曹有輕朝士之心。 黃潛善好自用不能用人，呂頤浩知使能不知任賢。 自張愨、許景衡飲恨而死，凡知幾自重者，往往卷懷退縮。 今天下不可謂無兵，劉光世、韓世忠、張俊各招亡命以張軍勢，各效小勞以報主恩。 然勝不相遜，敗不相救，大敵一至，人自為謀耳。 周望在浙西，人能言之； 張浚在陝右，無敢言者。 夫軍事恐失機會，便宜可也，乃若自降詔書，得無竊命之嫌邪？ 官吏責以辦事，便宜可也，乃若安置從臣，得無忌器之嫌邪？ 以至賜姓氏，改寺額，此皆傷於太專，臣恐自陝以西不知有陛下矣。
The year before last they debated crossing the Yangzi—people thought it feasible, the court thought it not, so they avoided speaking of southward crossing and issued an edict to return the carriage. Last year they debated going to Shu—people thought it not feasible, the court thought it feasible, so they relaxed defense of Jiang and Huai and managed Guan and Shaanxi. Viewing today, which is gain and which is loss? At the Weiyang change the court did not know in time yet merit went to eunuchs; at the Qiantang change the court could not rescue yet merit went to generals—this makes these men have hearts that slight court scholars. Huang Qianshan liked to use his own judgment and could not employ men; Lü Yihao knew how to use ability but did not know how to appoint the worthy. Since Zhang Kai and Xu Jingheng died with resentment, all who knew restraint and valued themselves often rolled up their hearts and withdrew. Today one cannot say there are no troops—Liu Guangshi, Han Shizhong, and Zhang Jun each recruited fugitives to expand military force and each rendered small service to repay sovereign grace. Yet in victory they did not yield to one another, in defeat they did not rescue one another—when a great enemy came, each man schemed for himself. Zhou Wang in western Zhe—people can speak of it; Zhang Jun in western Shaanxi—none dare speak. In military affairs one fears losing opportunity—expediency is permissible; yet to issue edicts oneself—is there not suspicion of usurping orders? Officials are charged to handle affairs—expediency is permissible; yet to place followers—is there not suspicion of coveting power? Even to granting surnames and changing temple names—all these harm by being too autocratic; I fear west of Shaanxi they no longer know there is Your Majesty.
26
惟祖宗德澤在人心未忘，所望以中興者此耳，陛下宜有以結之。 今欲薄斂以裕民財，而用度方闕； 輕徭以紓民力，而師旅方興。 罪己之詔屢降，憂民之言屢聞，丁寧切至，終莫之信。 臣謂動民以行不以言，陛下爵當賢，祿當功，刑當罪，施設注措無不當理，天下不心服者未之有也。」
Only the ancestors' virtue and grace remain in hearts not forgotten—what is hoped for in restoration is this; Your Majesty should have means to bind them. Now you wish light levies to enrich the people's wealth, yet expenditures are just lacking; light corvée to ease the people's strength, yet armies and brigades are just rising. Edicts of self-reproach repeatedly descend, words of concern for the people repeatedly heard—earnest and urgent to the utmost—yet in the end none believe. I say move the people by action not words—Your Majesty's enfeoffments should match the worthy, salaries should match merit, punishments should match guilt; in all arrangements nothing should fail reason—there has never been one under Heaven whose heart is not satisfied."
27
朱勝非除江西帥，未行，陵言：「金人往年休士馬于燕山，次年移河北，又次年移京東，今寓淮甸，無復去意，患在朝夕，可謂急矣。 若頤浩既去，勝非未至，金人南向，兵不素練，糧不素積，又不設險，何以禦之？ 臣願陛下更擇賢副，預為經畫以待。 今日非論安危，實論存亡，朝謀夕行，當如拯溺，豈可不惜分陰。」 詔劉洪道趣往池州，措置防江。 除戶部侍郎。
Zhu Shengfei was appointed Jiangxi commander; before going Ling said, "In former years the Jurchens rested troops and horses at Yan Mountain, the next year moved to Hebei, the year after moved to Jingdong; now they lodge in the Huai region with no further intent to leave—the danger is imminent, one can say it is urgent. If Yihao has already gone and Shengfei has not arrived, and the Jurchens go south—troops are not trained by habit, grain is not stored by habit, and no defenses are set—how can they be resisted? I hope Your Majesty will further choose worthy deputies and plan in advance to await it. Today it is not discussing safety and danger but discussing survival and extinction—plan in the morning and act in the evening, it should be like saving the drowning; how can one not cherish every moment?" An edict ordered Liu Hongdao to hurry to Chizhou to arrange river defense. He was appointed Vice Minister of Revenue.
28
范宗尹嘗仕偽楚，故凡受偽命者皆錄用。 陵因上疏曰：「前日士大夫名節不立，論事者皆喜攻之，瑕疵既彰，不復可用，縱加抆拭，攻者踵來，雖君相制命，亦不能為之地。 臣試舉其罪大者言之，崇寧、大觀以來，黨助巨姦，由詭道以饕寵榮者不知幾何人？ 邦昌亂朝，不能死節者不知幾何人？ 苗、劉專殺，拱手受制不知幾何人？ 以義責之固不容誅，以情恕之亦不幸耳。 弄筆墨者，文致其罪，既得惡名，誰敢引薦。 臣願明詔宰執，於罪戾中選擇實能，量付以事，勿因一眚廢其終身，仍詔臺諫為國愛人，勿復言。」 詔榜其疏於朝堂。 侍御史沈與求劾陵承望宰執風旨，罷官，提舉杭州洞霄宮。
Fan Zongyin had once served the false Chu, and so all who received false appointments were recorded and employed. Ling therefore submitted a memorial saying, "In former days scholars did not establish moral repute; those who discussed affairs all liked to attack; once flaws were exposed they could not again be used—even if wiped clean, attackers followed; though ruler and minister ordered, they could not make room for them. I try to speak of those whose crimes are greatest: since Chongning and Daguan, party factions aiding great villains—those who by crooked paths glutted themselves on favor and glory, who knows how many men? When Bangchang disturbed the court, those who could not die in integrity—who knows how many men? When Miao and Liu monopolized killing, those who folded hands and were controlled—who knows how many men? To charge them by righteousness certainly does not permit execution; to pardon them by feeling is also unfortunate. Those who wield brush and ink craft their crimes; once they have an evil name, who dares recommend them? I hope for a clear edict to the chief ministers: from among the guilty choose real ability, assign affairs according to measure, do not because of one fault discard them for life; still order censors to love the state and men and speak no more." An edict posted his memorial in the court hall. Attendant Censor Shen Yuqiu impeached Ling for currying favor with the chief ministers' intent; he was dismissed and appointed to administer the Dongxiao Abbey in Hangzhou.
29
紹興元年，復右文殿修撰。 二年，詔內外官言事。 陵言：
In the first year of Shaoxing he was restored as Compiler of the Youwen Hall. In the second year an edict ordered inner and outer officials to speak on affairs. Ling said:
30
「軍興以來，朝廷誥牒，非強以予民則莫售； 師旅糧草，非強取于民則莫給。 舊例和買，無本可支者久矣，新行和糴，能償其直幾何？ 一遇軍興，事事責辦，有不足者，預借後年之賦。 雖名曰『和』，實彊取之； 雖名曰『借』，其實奪之。 兵將衣食不取其飽煖，取其豐美； 器械不取其堅利，取其華好。 務末勝本，初無鬥心，賊至則偽言退保，賊去則盛言收復，遇敗以千為一，遇勝以一為千。 今乘輿服御之費十去七八，百官有司之費十去五六，猶無益于國者，軍太冗也。 張浚一軍以川、陝贍之，劉光世一軍以淮、浙贍之，李綱一軍以湖廣贍之，上供之物得至司農、太府者無幾。 夫強兵不在冗食，今統領家口隨行，一聞賊至，擇精銳者護送老小，其自隨者祗辦走耳，當議者一。 虜掠婦女，軍中多有，養既不足，寧免作過，當議者二。 所至州軍，邀求犒賞，守令憚生事，竭取民以奉之，當議者三。 詭名虛券，隨在批請，枉費官物，當議者四。 或假關節，或行賄賂，寄名軍籍，規冒功賞，當議者五。 願詔有司專意講求，革因循以作士氣，則軍政立。」 復徽猷閣待制，帥廣。
"Since military campaigns began, court proclamations—unless forcibly given to the people they would not sell; army provisions and fodder—unless forcibly taken from the people they would not be supplied. The old practice of harmonized purchase—those without capital to pay has long been so; the newly implemented harmonized requisition—how much can repay its price? Once military campaigns arise, every matter is charged for fulfillment; where there is insufficiency, they advance-borrow next year's levies. Though called 'harmonized,' in fact it is forcibly taken; though called 'borrow,' in fact it is seized. Officers and soldiers for food and clothing do not take what is filling and warm but take what is rich and fine; for weapons and equipment they do not take what is solid and sharp but take what is ornate and handsome. They value the branch over the root and from the first have no fighting spirit; when bandits come they falsely say they withdraw to defend, when bandits leave they loudly say they recover—in defeat they count a thousand as one, in victory they count one as a thousand. Now the imperial carriage's clothing and use costs seven or eight tenths gone, officials' and clerks' costs five or six tenths gone—yet what does not benefit the state is that the army is too redundant. Zhang Jun's one army is supplied by Chuan and Shaanxi, Liu Guangshi's one army by Huai and Zhe, Li Gang's one army by Hu and Guang—tribute goods reaching the Ministry of Revenue and Imperial Storehouse are few. Strong armies do not lie in redundant rations—now commanders' households travel with them; at word of bandits they choose elite troops to escort the old and young, and those who follow themselves only prepare to flee—this should be debated, one. Captive women plundered by the enemy—many are in the army; support is insufficient, how can they avoid misconduct—this should be debated, two. Wherever they reach prefectures and garrisons they demand reward feasts; prefects and magistrates fear trouble and exhaust the people to serve them—this should be debated, three. False names and empty vouchers—they batch-request wherever they are, wasting official goods—this should be debated, four. Some borrow credentials, some give bribes, register names on military rolls, scheme for merit rewards—this should be debated, five. I hope an edict will order the relevant offices to focus on inquiry, reform routine to build morale—then military government will be established." He was restored as Awaiting Draftsman of the Huayou Hall and commanded Guang.
31
先是，惠州有狂男子聚眾數千，僭號作亂。 陵入境，誘其徒曾袞，令以功贖罪，不旬日擒之。 在官三年卒，年五十五，贈中大夫。 有文集十卷。
Earlier, in Huizhou a mad man gathered several thousand, usurped a title and rebelled. When Ling entered the jurisdiction he enticed his follower Zeng Gun, ordering him to redeem guilt by merit; within ten days he captured him. In office three years he died, age fifty-five, posthumously given Grandee of the Palace. He had a collected works in ten juan.
32
陵善言事，奏疏可觀； 然附范宗尹，則謂凡受偽命者皆當進用，臺諫不當復以為言； 攻張浚，則謂在蜀失於太專，自陝以西將不知有陛下，君子皆不謂然也。 幸醫王繼先授榮州防禦使，陵草其制，時論亦以此少之。
Ling was good at speaking on affairs; his memorials are worth viewing; yet when attached to Fan Zongyin he then said all who received false appointments should be promoted, and censors should not again speak on it; when attacking Zhang Jun he then said that in Shu he failed by being too autocratic, and west of Shaanxi generals would not know there was Your Majesty—gentlemen all did not consider it so. The favored physician Wang Jixian was granted Defender of Rong Prefecture; Ling drafted the appointment—contemporary opinion also on this account thought less of him.
33
盧知原
Lu Zhiyuan
34
盧知原，字行之，湖州德清人。 以父任知歙縣，因近臣薦，赴都堂審察，累遷梓州路轉運副使。 時承平既久，戎備皆弛，知原招補兵籍，築城亙二十餘里。 王黼當國，費出無藝，知原因疏言之，黼怒，罷去。 久之，起提點京東刑獄，改江西轉運副使，過闕入奏，徽宗勉之曰：「卿在蜀道，功效甚休。」 遂賜三品服。
Lu Zhiyuan, styled Xingzhi, was from Deqing in Huzhou. Through his father's appointment he became magistrate of She County; because of a near minister's recommendation he went to the Hall for examination, and after accumulated promotions became deputy transport commissioner of the Zizhou route. At the time peace had long continued and military preparedness was all relaxed; Zhiyuan recruited and supplemented military registers and built walls extending more than twenty li. When Wang Fu held the state, expenditures were boundless; Zhiyuan therefore memorialized on it; Fu was angry and dismissed him. After a long time he was recalled as judicial intendant of Jingdong, changed to deputy transport commissioner of Jiangxi; passing the capital he entered audience; Huizong encouraged him saying, "You on the Shu road—your achievement was very fine." He was then granted third-rank robes.
35
先是，綱運阻于重江，吏卒並緣為姦。 知原悉意經理，故先諸道上京師，進一官，尋除直秘閣，為江淮荊浙等路發運使。 升秘閣修撰，提舉河北。 以言者劾，褫職歸吏部。
Earlier, tribute transport was blocked by heavy rivers; clerks and soldiers all used the opportunity for corruption. Zhiyuan managed with full intent, therefore ahead of other routes reached the capital; he was promoted one rank, soon appointed Direct Associate of the Secret Archive and transport commissioner of the Jiang-Huai, Jing, and Zhe routes. He was promoted Compiler of the Secret Archive and appointed to administer Hebei. Because remonstrators impeached him, his office was stripped and he returned to the Ministry of Personnel.
36
高宗即位，復龍圖閣、知溫州。 時葉濃陷建州，揚勍陷處州，知原繕甲兵，增城浚隍，聲勢隱然。 帝東幸，知原繇海道轉粟及金繒十餘萬至台州。 召見，稱獎，擢右文殿修撰、管內安撫使。 在郡四年，民繪像祠之。
When Gaozong took the throne he was restored to the Longtu Hall and appointed prefect of Wenzhou. At the time Ye Nong took Jian Prefecture and Yang Qing took Chu Prefecture; Zhiyuan repaired armor and troops, increased walls and dredged moats—his force and reputation were imposing. When the emperor went east, Zhiyuan by sea route transported grain and gold and silk of more than a hundred thousand to Taizhou. Summoned for audience he was praised and promoted to Compiler of the Youwen Hall and pacification commissioner within the jurisdiction. In the prefecture four years—the people painted his image and enshrined him.
37
王師討范汝為，召為添差兩浙轉運使。 罷，提舉太平觀。 都督孟庾辟為參謀，改徽猷閣待制、知臨安府。 諫官唐輝言知原為政乖謬，詔復為都督府參謀官。 章再上，遂以舊職奉祠。 紹興十一年十月卒。 弟法原。
When the imperial army attacked Fan Ruwei he was summoned as additional-dispatch transport commissioner of the Two-Zhe route. Dismissed, he was appointed to administer the Taiping Abbey. Grand Coordinator Meng Geng recruited him as staff officer; he was changed to Awaiting Draftsman of the Huayou Hall and prefect of Lin'an Prefecture. Remonstrator Tang Hui said Zhiyuan's governance was perverse; an edict restored him as staff officer of the grand coordinator's office. When the memorial came again he was finally given his old office as a sinecure. In the eleventh month of the eleventh year of Shaoxing he died. Younger brother Fayuan.
38
弟法原
Younger brother Fayuan
39
法原，字立之。 自知雍丘縣積官太府少卿，賜同上舍出身。 使遼還，遷司農卿，賜三品服。 為吏部尚書，以官秩次第履歷總為一書，功過殿最，開卷了然，吏不能欺。 坐王黼累，罷為顯謨閣待制。
Fayuan, styled Lizhi. From knowing Yongqiu County through accumulated offices to Vice Director of the Imperial Storehouse, he was granted upper-house origin. Returning from an embassy to Liao, he was transferred Director of the Directorate of Agriculture and granted third-rank robes. As Minister of Personnel he compiled ranks and service records in sequence into one book—merit, fault, grades, and evaluations clear at a glance; clerks could not deceive. Implicated by Wang Fu, he was dismissed as Awaiting Draftsman of the Xianmo Hall.
40
紹興元年，提舉臨安洞霄宮。 張浚承制起知夔州，尋為龍圖閣學士、川陝等路宣撫處置副使，進端明殿學士、川陝宣撫副使。
In the first year of Shaoxing he was appointed to administer the Dongxiao Abbey in Lin'an. Zhang Jun by special order recalled him as prefect of Kuizhou; soon he was Longtu Academician and deputy grand coordinator and disposition commissioner of the Chuan-Shaanxi routes; he was promoted Academician of the Duanming Hall and deputy grand coordinator of Chuan-Shaanxi.
41
金人攻關輔，叛將史斌陷興州，諸郡多應者。 法原命諸將堅壁，言戰者斬，眾以為怯。 未幾，河東經制使王燮以乏食班師，法原開關納之，與燮同破斌，復興州。 方巨盜充斥，秦、隴叛兵欲窺蜀，法原極意拊循，嚴為備禦，傳檄諸路，人心稍安。 視山川險阻分地置將：自洮、岷至階、成，關師古主之，屯通川； 文、龍至威、茂，劉錡主之，屯巴西。 前後屢捷，上所倚重。
When the Jurchens attacked the Guan region, rebel general Shi Bin took Xing Prefecture and many prefectures responded. Fayuan ordered generals to hold the walls; those who spoke of fighting were beheaded—the crowd thought him cowardly. Before long Hedong commissioner Wang Xie withdrew for lack of food; Fayuan opened the pass and received him; together with Xie they broke Bin and recovered Xing Prefecture. Just then great bandits filled the land; Qin and Long rebel troops wished to spy on Shu; Fayuan devoted himself to soothing and strictly prepared defense, sending proclamations to all routes—hearts gradually settled. Viewing mountains and rivers' strategic passes he divided territory and placed generals: from Tao and Min to Jie and Cheng, Guan Shigu commanded, stationed at Tongchuan; from Wen and Long to Wei and Mao, Liu Qi commanded, stationed at Baxi. Before and after repeated victories—the emperor relied on him heavily.
42
會兀术攻關為吳玠所敗。 法原素與玠不睦，玠因奏功訟法原不濟師，不饋糧，不銓錄立功將士。 帝手詔詰問，法原自辯甚力，上頗不直之，憂恚，卒於軍。
When Wuzhu attacked the pass he was defeated by Wu Jie. Fayuan had long been at odds with Jie; Jie therefore reported merit and sued Fayuan for not aiding troops, not supplying grain, and not registering meritorious generals and soldiers. The emperor personally issued an edict inquiry; Fayuan defended himself very forcefully; the emperor was quite unsympathetic; grieved and indignant, he died in the army.
43
始，法原為川、陝宣撫使，上從容謂知原曰：「朕方以川、陝付法原。」 蓋兄弟皆以材見稱於世，故並用之也。
At the start, when Fayuan was grand coordinator of Chuan-Shaanxi, the emperor calmly said to Zhiyuan, "I am just now entrusting Chuan-Shaanxi to Fayuan." It was because both brothers were seen in the world for talent, and so both were used.
44
陳桷，字季壬，溫州平陽人。 以上舍貢辟雍。 政和二年，廷對第三，授文林郎、冀州兵曹參軍，累遷尚書虞部員外郎。
Chen Jue, styled Jiren, was from Pingyang in Wenzhou. Through upper-house tribute he entered the Imperial College. In the second year of Zhenghe, in palace examination he ranked third; he was granted Gentleman of Letters and military staff officer of Jizhou; after accumulated promotions he became Outer Section Vice Director of the Ministry of Public Works.
45
宣和七年，提點福建路刑獄。 福州調發防秋兵，資糧不滿望，殺帥臣，變生倉卒，吏民奔潰，闔城震駭。 桷入亂兵中，諭以禍福，賊氣沮，邀桷奏帥臣自斃，桷詭從其請，間道馳奏，以前奏不實待罪，朝廷以桷知變，釋之。 叛兵既調行，乃道追殺首惡二十餘人，一方以安。 建炎四年五月，復除福建路提刑，尋以疾乞祠，主管江州太平觀。
In the seventh year of Xuanhe he was judicial intendant of the Fujian route. Fuzhou mobilized autumn-defense troops; provisions did not meet expectations; they killed the commander; the mutiny arose in haste; officials and people fled in panic—the whole city was shaken. Jue entered the mutinous troops, expounded fortune and disaster; the rebels' spirit was dampened; they demanded Jue memorialize that the commander died by his own hand; Jue falsely agreed, then by hidden route galloped to memorialize, awaiting punishment for the prior false report; the court considered Jue understood the change and released him. After the rebel troops were mobilized to march, he waylaid and killed more than twenty ringleaders—the region was settled. In the fifth month of the fourth year of Jianyan he was again appointed judicial commissioner of the Fujian route; soon citing illness he requested a sinecure and administered the Taiping Abbey in Jiangzhou.
46
紹興三年，召為金部員外郎，升郎中。 時言事者率毛舉細務，略大利害。 桷抗言：「今當專講治道之本，修政事以攘敵國，不當以細故勤聖慮如平時也。」 又言：「刺史縣令滿天下，不能皆得人，乞選監司，重其權，久其任。」 除太常少卿。 又陳攻守二策，在於得人心，修軍政。
In the third year of Shaoxing he was summoned as Outer Section Vice Director of the Ministry of Revenue and promoted to Director. At the time those who spoke on affairs mostly picked minor matters and omitted great benefit and harm. Jue remonstrated forcefully, "Now one should focus on the root of governing the Way, repair government to repel the enemy state—not use minor matters to weary the sacred concern as in normal times." He also said, "Prefects and magistrates fill all under Heaven—not all can be the right men; I beg to select circuit commissioners, weight their power, and lengthen their tenure." He was appointed Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. He again presented attack and defense two strategies, lying in winning hearts and repairing military government.
47
五年，除直龍圖閣、知泉州。 明年，改兩浙西路提刑。 乞置鄉縣三老以厚風俗，凡宮室、車馬、衣服、器械定為差等，重侈靡之禁。 八年，遷福建路轉運副使。
In the fifth year he was appointed Direct Associate of the Longtu Hall and prefect of Quanzhou. The next year he was changed to judicial commissioner of the Two-Zhe western route. He requested establishing village and county Three Elders to thicken custom; for palaces, carriages, horses, clothing, and implements fix graded ranks—heavy prohibition of extravagance. In the eighth year he was transferred deputy transport commissioner of the Fujian route.
48
十年，復召為太常少卿。 適編類徽宗御書成，詔藏敷文閣，桷以為：「舊制自龍圖至徽猷皆設學士、待制，雜壓著令，龍圖在朝請大夫之上，至徽猷在承議郎之上，每閣相去稍遠，議者疑其不倫。 直敷文閣者綴徽猷則與諸閣小異，除之則班列太卑，欲參酌取中，並為一列，不必相遠，庶幾名位有倫，仰稱陛下嚴奉祖宗謨訓之意。」 又言：「祫祭用太牢，此祀典之常。 駐蹕之初，未能備禮，止用一羊，乞檢會紹興六年詔旨，復用太牢。」
In the tenth year he was again summoned as Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. Just then the classified compilation of Huizong's imperial writings was complete; an edict ordered it stored in the Fuwén Hall; Jue considered, "The old system from Longtu to Huayou all established academicians and awaiting draftsmen, mixed ranks recorded in statutes—Longtu above Court Gentleman for Consultation, to Huayou above Gentleman for Discussion; each hall somewhat far apart—discussants doubted it was not ordered. Direct Associate of the Fuwén Hall attached to Huayou then differed slightly from other halls; if removed then court rank was too low—I wish to consult and take the middle, combine as one column, need not be far apart, perhaps then names and ranks have order, looking up to match Your Majesty's strict reverence for the ancestors' plans and instructions." He also said, "The joint sacrifice uses the grand ox—this is normal in the sacrificial canon. At the beginning of the temporary halt full rites could not be prepared—only one sheep was used; I beg to check against the sixth year of Shaoxing edict and restore use of the grand ox."
49
十一年，除權禮部侍郎，賜三品服。 普安郡王出閣，奉詔與吏部、太常寺討論典故。 桷等議以國本未立，宜厚其禮以繫天下望，乃以《皇子出閣禮例》上之，或以為太重。 詔以不詳具典故，專任己意，懷姦附麗，與吏部尚書吳表臣、禮部尚書蘇符、郎官方雲翼、丁仲寧、太常屬王普、蘇籍並罷。 尋以桷提舉江州太平觀。
In the eleventh year he was appointed Acting Vice Minister of Rites and granted third-rank robes. When the Prince of Pu'an left the inner palace, he received an edict together with the Ministry of Personnel and Court of Imperial Sacrifices to discuss precedents. Jue and others considered that since the foundation of the state was not yet established, rites should be thick to bind the hope of all under Heaven; they therefore submitted the Ceremonial Precedents for a Prince Leaving the Inner Palace—some thought it too heavy. An edict said they did not investigate precedents in detail, relied solely on their own intent, harbored wickedness and clung to factions—together with Minister of Personnel Wu Biaochen, Minister of Rites Su Fu, Directors Fang Yunyi and Ding Zhongning, Court of Imperial Sacrifices staff Wang Pu and Su Ji—all were dismissed. Soon Jue was appointed to administer the Taiping Abbey in Jiangzhou.
50
十五年，知襄陽府，充京西南路安撫使。 襄、漢兵火之餘，民物凋瘵，桷請於朝，以今之戶數視承平時才二十之一，而賦須尚多，乞重行蠲減。 明年，金、房兵叛，桷遣將平之而後以聞。 漢水決溢，漂蕩廬舍，躬率兵民捍築堤岸，賴以無虞。 以疾乞祠，除秘閣修撰、提舉江州太平興國宮。 二十四年，改知廣州，充廣南東路經略安撫使，未至而卒，年六十四。
In the fifteenth year he was prefect of Xiangyang Prefecture and concurrently pacification commissioner of the Jingxi southwest route. After the fires of war in Xiang and Han, people and goods were wasted; Jue requested of the court that present household counts were only one twentieth of peaceful times yet levies were still many—I beg heavy renewed reduction. The next year Jin and Fang troops rebelled; Jue sent generals to pacify them and then reported. The Han River burst its banks and flooded dwellings; he personally led soldiers and civilians to defend and build dikes—relying on this there was no trouble. Citing illness he requested a sinecure; he was appointed Compiler of the Secret Archive and administrator of the Taiping Xingguo Abbey in Jiangzhou. In the twenty-fourth year he was changed to prefect of Guangzhou and concurrently grand coordinator and pacification commissioner of the Guangnan east route; before arriving he died, age sixty-four.
51
桷寬洪醞籍，以誠接物，而恬于榮利。 當秦檜用事，以永嘉為寓里，士之夤緣攀附者，無不躐登顯要。 桷以立螭之舊，為人主所知，出入頓挫，晚由奉常少卿擢權小宗伯，復以議禮不阿忤意，遽罷，其節有足稱。 自號「無相居士」。 有文集十六卷。 子汝楫、汝賢、汝諧。 孫峴，以詞學擢第，官中書舍人、直學士院。
Jue was broad and generous, cultured and refined, treated people with sincerity, yet was indifferent to glory and profit. When Qin Hui held power, taking Yongjia as adopted home, scholars who clung and attached—all without exception leaped to high importance. Jue as an old associate of the imperial lectern was known to the ruler; entering and leaving he met setbacks; late from Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices he was promoted acting minor Director of the Ancestral Temple; again because discussing rites he did not bend he offended intent and was suddenly dismissed—his integrity is worth praise. He styled himself "Layman Without Phase." He had a collected works in sixteen juan. Sons Ruoji, Ruxian, and Ruoxie. Grandson Xian, by lexicographic examination advanced in rank, served as Drafting Attendant of the Central Secretariat and Direct Academician of the Hanlin Academy.
52
李璆，字西美，汴人。 登政和進士第，調陳州教授，入為國子博士，出知房州。 時既榷官茶，復強民輸舊額，貧無所出，被繫者數百人，璆至，即日盡釋之。
Li Qiu, styled Ximei, was from Bian. He passed the Zhenghe jinshi examination, was assigned professor of Chen Prefecture, entered as Erudite of the Directorate of Education, and went out as prefect of Fang Prefecture. At the time official tea was already monopolized and people were again forced to deliver the old quota; the poor had no means and several hundred were imprisoned; when Qiu arrived he released them all the same day.
53
宣和三年，廷議將取燕，璆聞之，曰：「百辟卿士，一倡共和，國家安危，其幾在是。」 上疏切諫，大略謂：「太祖以聖武得天下，將士皆百戰之餘，以是而取燕雲，宜易為力。 然趙普輩無敢贊其決者，蓋識天下大勢，且重民命故也。 今承太平之業，父老幸不識兵，雖不得燕雲地，何闕於漢。」 疏奏不省。 及燕既平，責監英州清溪鎮。
In the third year of Xuanhe the court debated taking Yan; when Qiu heard he said, "The hundred ministers and great officers—all sing in chorus—the state's safety and danger, its crisis lies here." He submitted a forceful memorial, roughly saying, "Taizu by sacred martial prowess obtained all under Heaven; officers and soldiers were all survivors of a hundred battles—with this to take Yan and Yun should be easy in strength. Yet Zhao Pu and his kind none dared approve the decision—because they recognized the great trend of all under Heaven and moreover valued people's lives. Now inheriting the enterprise of great peace, the elders fortunately do not know war; though not obtaining Yan and Yun territory, what lacks for Han?" The memorial was submitted without attention. When Yan was pacified he was punished as supervisor of Qingxi town in Ying Prefecture.
54
明年，赦還為郎，尋試中書舍人。 建言元祐名臣子孫，久被廢錮，宜少寬之。 宦官譚稹出師河北，以無功廢，將復進用，璆不肯書行。 會山東盜起，州縣不能制，至河北無見糧，軍士洶洶。 璆條奏十事，忤大臣意，罷。 紹興四年，以集英殿修撰知吉州。 江西兵素剽悍，璆始視事，有相挺為亂者，亟捕誅首謀者，撫循其餘，大布恩信，境內遂安。
The next year amnesty restored him as Gentleman; soon he was tested as Drafting Attendant of the Central Secretariat. He proposed that descendants of Yuanyou worthy ministers, long banned and confined, should be somewhat relaxed. Eunuch Tan Zhen went out to Hebei, was dismissed for no achievement, and was about to be again promoted—Qiu refused to draft the appointment. When Shandong bandits arose prefectures and counties could not control them; reaching Hebei there was no visible grain and soldiers were turbulent. Qiu submitted ten items in sequence, offended the great ministers' intent, and was dismissed. In the fourth year of Shaoxing he was Compiler of the Jiying Hall and prefect of Ji Prefecture. Jiangxi troops were always fierce; when Qiu first took office some stirred rebellion; he quickly captured and executed the ringleaders, soothed the rest, and broadly spread grace and trust—the territory was then settled.
55
累遷徽猷閣直學士、四川安撫制置使。 成都舊城多毀圮，璆至，首命修築。 俄水大至，民賴以安。 三江有堰，可以下灌眉田百萬頃，久廢弗修，田萊以荒。 璆率部刺史合力修復，竟受其利，眉人感之，繪像祠於堰所。 間遭歲饑，民徙，發倉振活，無慮百萬家，治蜀之政多可紀。 有《清溪集》二十卷。
After accumulated promotions he was Direct Academician of the Huayou Hall and Sichuan pacification and disposition commissioner. Chengdu's old walls were mostly ruined; when Qiu arrived he first ordered repair. Soon great floods came—the people relied on this to be safe. At the Three Rivers there were weirs that could irrigate downward a million qing of Mei fields—long abandoned unrepaired, fields and wasteland were desolate. Qiu led prefectural governors together to restore them; ultimately they received the benefit—the people of Mei were grateful and painted his image and enshrined it at the weir site. Occasionally encountering famine years people migrated; he opened granaries to relieve and sustain—no less than a million households; governing Shu's administration had much worth recording. He had the Qingxi Collection in twenty juan.
56
李朴，字先之，虔之興國人。 登紹聖元年進士第，調臨江軍司法參軍，移西京國子監教授，程頤獨器許之。 移虔州教授。 以嘗言隆祐太后不當廢處瑤華宮事，有詔推鞫。 忌者欲擠之死，使人危言動之，朴泰然無懼色。 旋追官勒停，會赦，注汀州司戶。
Li Pu, styled Xianzhi, was from Xingguo in Qian. He passed the jinshi examination in the first year of Shaosheng, was assigned judicial staff officer of Linjiang Army, transferred professor of the Western Capital Directorate of Education—Cheng Yi alone valued and approved him. He transferred to professor of Qian Prefecture. Because he had once said the Empress Dowager Longyou should not be deposed to dwell at Yaohua Palace, there was an edict to investigate. Those who envied him wished to squeeze him to death and sent men with alarming words to move him—Pu was calm without fear. Soon his office was stripped and he was forced to stop; meeting amnesty he was assigned Clerk of Households in Ting Prefecture.
57
徽宗即位，翰林承旨范純禮自言待罪四十六日，不聞玉音，謂朴曰：「某事豈便於國乎？ 某事豈便於民乎？」 朴曰：「承旨知而不言，無父風也。」 純禮泣下。
When Huizong took the throne, Hanlin Academician Fan Chunli himself said he awaited punishment forty-six days without hearing the jade voice; he said to Pu, "Is such-and-such a matter convenient for the state? Is such-and-such a matter convenient for the people?" Pu said, "Academician, knowing yet not speaking—no father's style." Chunli wept.
58
右司諫陳瓘薦朴，有旨召對，朴首言：「熙寧、元豐以來，政體屢變，始出一二大臣所學不同，後乃更執圓方，互相排擊，失今不治，必至不可勝救。」 又言：「今士大夫之學不求諸己，而惟王氏之聽，敗壞心術，莫大於此。 願詔勿以王氏為拘，則英材輩出矣。」 蔡京惡朴鯁直，他執政三擬官，皆持之不下，復以為虔州教授。 又嗾言者論朴為元祐學術，不當領師儒，罷為肇慶府四會令。
Right Bureau Remonstrator Chen Guan recommended Pu; there was an order to summon for audience; Pu first said, "Since Xining and Yuanfeng the political body repeatedly changed—at first one or two great ministers' learning differed, afterward they alternately held round and square and mutually attacked; if not remedied now, it will reach beyond saving." He also said, "Now scholars' learning does not seek it in themselves but only listens to the Wang clan—corrupting mind and character, nothing greater than this. I hope for an edict not to be bound by the Wang clan—then outstanding talent will emerge in succession." Cai Jing hated Pu's blunt uprightness; other chief ministers three times proposed offices—all held without release; he was again made professor of Qian Prefecture. He again incited remonstrators to discuss Pu as Yuanyou learning, unfit to lead teachers—dismissed as magistrate of Sihui in Zhaoqing Prefecture.
59
有姦民言邑東地產金寶，立額買撲，破田疇，發墟墓，厚賂乃已，朴至，請罷之。 改承事郎，知臨江軍清江縣、廣東路安撫司主管機宜文字。 欽宗在東宮聞其名，及即位，除著作郎，半歲凡五遷至國子祭酒，以疾不能至。 高宗即位，除秘書監，趣召，未至而卒，年六十五。 贈寶文閣待制，官其子孫二人。
There was a wicked man who said east of the county gold and treasure were produced; fixed quota purchase and monopoly were established, fields broken, tombs excavated—it stopped only after heavy bribes; when Pu arrived he requested abolition. Changed to Gentleman for Service, he knew Qingjiang County in Linjiang Army and was chief clerk of the Guangdong pacification commission staff. When Qinzong was in the Eastern Palace he heard his name; when he took the throne he was appointed Compiler; in half a year through five promotions he reached Director of the Directorate of Education—citing illness he could not go. When Gaozong took the throne he was appointed Director of the Secretariat; urgently summoned, before arriving he died, age sixty-five. Posthumously given Awaiting Draftsman of the Baowen Hall; two of his sons and grandsons were granted office.
60
朴自為小官，天下高其名。 蔡京將強致之，俾所厚道意，許以禁從，朴力拒不見，京怒形於色，然終不害也。 中書侍郎馮熙載欲邂逅見朴，朴笑曰：「不能見蔡京，焉能邂逅馮熙載邪？」 居官所至有聲。 在廣南，止其帥孫竢以文具勤王，不若發常賦助邊。 破漕使鄭良引真臘取安南之計，以息邊患，人稱其智。 朴嘗自志其墓曰：「以天為心，以道為體，以時為用，其可已矣。」 蓋敘其平生云。 有《章貢集》二十卷行於世。
From small office Pu's name was esteemed under Heaven. When Cai Jing was about to force him to come, he sent men by secret route with kind intent, promising membership in the forbidden secretariat—Pu forcefully refused and would not see him; Jing's anger showed on his face, yet in the end he did not harm him. Central Secretariat Vice Minister Feng Xizai wished to meet Pu by chance; Pu laughed and said, "If I cannot see Cai Jing, how can I meet Feng Xizai by chance?" Wherever he held office there was reputation. In Guangnan he stopped his commander Sun Si from paper formalities for rescue-the-throne and urged issuing regular levies to aid the border. He broke Transport Commissioner Zheng Liang's plan to bring Zhenla to take Annan, to quiet border trouble—people praised his wisdom. Pu once wrote his own tomb inscription: "Take Heaven as heart, take the Way as body, take the time as use—it can stop." This narrates his whole life. He had the Zhanggan Collection in twenty juan circulating in the world.
61
王庠，字周彥，榮州人。 累世同居，號「義門王氏」。
Wang Xiang, styled Zhouyan, was from Rong Prefecture. For generations they dwelt together, called "Righteous Gate Wang Clan."
62
祖伯琪，以義聲著於鄉州。 有鹽井籍民煎輸，多至破產，惟有祿之家得免。 伯琪請于州，均之官戶，而仕者誣訴之，齎恨以歿。 父夢易，登皇祐第，力成父志，言於州縣不聽，言于刺史，言于三司，三司以聞，還籍沒者三百五十五家，蠲歲額三十萬斤。 嘗攝興州，改川茶運，置茶鋪免役民，歲課亦辦。 部刺史恨其議不出己，以他事中之，鐫三秩，罷歸而卒。 母向氏，欽聖憲肅后之姑也。
Grandfather Boqi was renowned in the district and prefecture for righteous reputation. There were salt wells registered for people to boil and deliver—many to the point of ruined households; only families with salary were exempt. Boqi requested of the prefecture to equalize among official households; but an officeholder falsely sued him and he died with resentment. Father Mengyi passed the Huangyou examination, forcefully fulfilled his father's will—spoke to prefecture and county without hearing, spoke to the prefect, spoke to the Three Departments; the Three Departments reported it—returned registration to three hundred fifty-five households and remitted the annual quota of three hundred thousand jin. He once acted as prefect of Xing Prefecture, changed Sichuan tea transport, established tea shops to exempt corvée from the people—the annual levy was also fulfilled. The route prefect resented that the plan did not come from himself and hit him with other matters—reduced three ranks, dismissed and returned, then died. Mother née Xiang was the paternal aunt of Empress Qinsheng Xiansu.
63
庠幼穎悟，七歲能屬文，儼如成人。 年十三，居父喪，哀憤深切，謂弟序曰：「父以直道見擠，母撫柩誓言，期我兄弟成立，贈復父官，乃許歸葬，相與勉之。 且制科先君之遺意也，吾有志焉。」 遂閉戶，窮經史百家書傳注之學，尋師千里，究其旨歸。 蚤歲上范純仁、蘇轍、張商英書，皆持中立不倚之論，呂陶、蘇轍皆器重之。 嘗以《經說》寄蘇軾，謂：「二帝三王之臣皆志於道，惟其自得之難，故守之至堅。 自孔、孟作《六經》，斯道有一定之論，士之所養，反不逮古，乃知後世見《六經》之易，忽之不行也。」 軾復曰：「《經說》一篇，誠哉是言。」
Xiang in youth was sharp and comprehending; at seven he could compose prose, dignified as an adult. At age thirteen, dwelling in father's mourning, grief and indignation were deep; he said to younger brother Xu, "Father was squeezed out for the straight Way; mother by the coffin swore, expecting us brothers to establish ourselves, restore father's office by posthumous grant, then permit return for burial—we encourage one another. Moreover the Decree Examination was our late father's last intent—I have the will." He then closed his door, exhaustively studied classics, histories, and the hundred schools' commentaries and learning, sought teachers a thousand li, and pursued their essential meaning. In early years he sent letters to Fan Chunren, Su Zhe, and Zhang Shangying—all holding neutral, non-partisan views; Lü Tao and Su Zhe both valued him. Once he sent Classic Explanation to Su Shi, saying, "Ministers of the Two Emperors and Three Kings all set their will on the Way; because attaining it for themselves is hard, therefore guarding it is to the utmost firm. Since Confucius and Mencius made the Six Classics, this Way has fixed discussion; what scholars cultivate does not reach antiquity—then one knows later generations see the Six Classics as easy and neglect to practice them." Shi replied, "One essay of Classic Explanation—truly these words."
64
元祐中，呂陶以賢良方正直言極諫科薦之，庠以宋邦傑學成未有薦者，推使先就，陶聞而益加敬。 未幾，當紹聖諸臣用事，遂罷制科，庠歎曰：「命也，無愧先訓，以之行己足矣。」
In the Yuanyou era Lü Tao by the Worthy and Upright Straightforward Remonstrance examination recommended him; Xiang because Song Bangjie had completed learning but had no recommender, pushed him to go first—Tao on hearing was even more respectful. Before long, when Shaosheng ministers held power, the Decree Examination was abolished; Xiang sighed, "Fate—without failing the late teaching, to practice it in conduct is enough."
65
崇寧壬午歲，應能書，為首選。 京師蝗，庠上書論時政得失，謂中外壅蔽，將生寇戎之患，張舜民見之，歎其危言。 下第徑歸，奉親養志，不應舉者八年。
In the renwu year of Chongning he responded to the calligraphy examination and was first choice. Locusts at the capital—Xiang submitted a memorial discussing gains and losses of current government, saying inner and outer were blocked and bandit-barbarian trouble would arise; Zhang Shunmin on seeing it sighed at his alarming words. Failing the examination he went straight home, served parents and nurtured aspiration, not responding to examinations for eight years.
66
大觀庚寅，行舍法於天下，州復以庠應詔。 庠曰：「昔以母年五十二求侍養，不復願仕，今母年六十，乃奉詔，豈本心乎？」 時嚴元祐黨禁，庠自陳：「蘇軾、蘇轍、范純仁為知己，呂陶、王吉嘗薦舉，黃庭堅、張舜民、王鞏、任伯雨為交遊，不可入舉求仕，願屏居田里。」 以弟序升朝，贈父官，始克葬，葬而母卒。
In the gengyin year of Daguan the lodge law was implemented throughout the realm; the prefecture again had Xiang respond to the edict. Xiang said, "Formerly because mother was fifty-two I sought to serve in support and no longer wished office; now mother is sixty and I obey the edict—is this my original heart? At the time the Yuanyou faction ban was strict; Xiang himself stated, "Su Shi, Su Zhe, and Fan Chunren as confidants; Lü Tao and Wang Ji once recommended me; Huang Tingjian, Zhang Shunmin, Wang Gong, and Ren Bocong as associates—I cannot enter examination seeking office; I wish to live hidden in fields and villages." Because younger brother Xu entered court, father's office was granted by posthumous gift—only then could burial be completed; after burial mother died.
67
終喪復舉八行，事下太學，大司成考定為天下第一，詔旌其門。 朝廷知其不可屈，賜號「處士」。 尋改潼川府教授，賜出身及章服，一日四命俱至，竟力辭不受。 雖處山林，唱酬賦詠，皆愛君憂國之言。 太后念其姑，嘗欲官，庠以遜其弟、侄及甥，且以田均給庶兄及前母之姊。 庠卒，孝宗諡曰「賢節」。
After mourning ended he again entered the Eight Conducts examination; the matter went down to the Imperial College; the Grand Director determined him first under Heaven; an edict honored his gate. The court knew he could not be bent and granted the title "Recluse." Soon changed to professor of Tongchuan Prefecture, granted origin and official robes—four appointments in one day all arrived; he ultimately forcefully declined and did not accept. Though dwelling in mountains and forests, in responsive verse and rhapsody all were words of loving the ruler and worrying for the state. The empress dowager remembering her aunt once wished to grant him office; Xiang yielded to younger brother, nephews, and maternal nephew, and also equally divided fields among half-brothers and elder sister of the former mother. When Xiang died, Xiaozong posthumously titled him "Worthy Integrity."
68
序，宣和間以恩幸至徽猷閣直學士。 庠浮沉其間，各建大第，或者謂其晚節隱操少衰云。
Xu, in the Xuanhe era through favor reached Direct Academician of the Huayou Hall. Xiang floated among them; each built great mansions—or some say his late-years hidden integrity somewhat declined.
69
王衣，字子裳，濟南歷城人。 以門蔭仕，中明法科，歷深、冀二州法曹掾，入為大理評事，升寺正。 林靈素得幸，將毀釋氏以逞其私。 襄州僧杜德寶毀體然香，有司觀望靈素意，捕以聞。 衣閱之曰：「律自傷者杖而已。」 靈素求內批，坐以害風教竄流之，停衣官，尋予祠。 為陝西都轉運司主管文字、詳定一司敕令所刪定官、通判襲慶府、知濠州，未行，召為刑部員外郎。
Wang Yi, styled Zishang, was from Licheng in Jinan. Through hereditary privilege he entered office, passed the Mingfa examination, served as legal clerk of Shen and Ji prefectures, entered as Evaluator of the Grand Court of Justice, and was promoted Court Director. Lin Lingsu gained favor and wished to destroy Buddhism to satisfy his private intent. Xiangyang monk Du Debao burned his body and lit incense; the officials watched Lingsu's intent and arrested and reported him. Yi on reading said, "The law for self-injury is only beating with the staff." Lingsu sought an inner draft and seated him on harming custom and teaching, banished and exiled him; Yi's office was stopped, soon given a sinecure. He was chief clerk of the Shaanxi chief transport commission, revising officer of the One-Office Statutes Revision Bureau, vice prefect of Xiqing Prefecture, and prefect of Hao Prefecture; before going he was summoned as Outer Section Vice Director of the Ministry of Justice.
70
建炎初，為司勳郎中，遷大理少卿。 三年，韓世忠執苗傅、劉正彥，獻俘，檻車幾百兩，先付大理獄，將盡尸諸市。 衣奏曰：「此曹在律當誅，顧其中婦女有僱買及鹵掠以從者。」 高宗矍然曰：「卿言極是，朕慮不及此也。」 即詔自傅正彥妻子外皆釋之。 范瓊有罪下大理寺，衣奉詔鞫之。 瓊不伏，衣責以靖康圍城中逼遷上皇，擅殺吳革，迎立張邦昌事，瓊稱死罪。 衣顧吏曰：「囚詞服矣。」 遂賜死，釋其親屬將佐。
At the beginning of Jianyan he was Director of the Bureau of Merits and transferred Vice Director of the Grand Court of Justice. In the third year Han Shizhong captured Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan, presented captives—caged carts nearly several hundred; first delivered to the Grand Court prison, about to execute all and expose corpses in the market. Yi memorialized, "These men by law should be executed, but among them are women who were hired or plundered and followed." Gaozong started and said, "Your words are extremely right—I did not consider this." Immediately an edict: except Fu and Zhengyan's wives and children, all were released. Fan Qiong had guilt and was sent down to the Grand Court of Justice; Yi received an edict to interrogate him. Qiong did not submit; Yi charged him with forcing the retired emperor to move in the Jingkang siege, arbitrarily killing Wu Ge, and establishing Zhang Bangchang—Qiong acknowledged death guilt. Yi turned to the clerks and said, "The prisoner's words have submitted." He was then granted death and released his relatives and staff officers.
71
四年，升大理卿。 初，帶御器械王球為龍德宮都監，盡盜本宮寶玉器玩，事覺，帝大怒，欲誅之。 衣曰：「球固可殺，然非其所隱匿，則盡為敵有，何從復歸國家乎？」 乃寬之。
In the fourth year he was promoted Court Director of the Grand Court of Justice. Earlier, Bearer of the Imperial Armory Wang Qiu was superintendent of the Longde Palace and stole all the palace's precious jade and curios; when the matter was discovered the emperor was greatly angry and wished to execute him. Yi said, "Qiu certainly can be killed, yet if not suited for what he hid, all would have become the enemy's—how could they return to the state?" He was then lenient.
72
先是，百司愆戾，付寺劾之，至三問取伏狀，被劾者懼對，莫敢辨。 衣奏曰：「伏與辨二事也，若一切取伏，是以威迫之，不使自直，非法意也，乞三問未承者，聽辨。」 從之。 同詳定一司敕令，刪雜犯死罪四十七條，書成，帝嘉其議法詳明。
Earlier, when the hundred offices had faults they were sent to the court for impeachment; up to three interrogations they took confession; the impeached feared facing trial and none dared argue. Yi memorialized, "Confession and argument are two matters; if in all cases confession is taken, that is coercing by authority, not allowing self-justification—not the law's intent; I beg that after three interrogations without admission, argument be permitted." It was approved. Together revising the One-Office Statutes, they deleted forty-seven miscellaneous capital offenses; when the book was complete the emperor praised his discussion of law as detailed and clear.
73
紹興元年，權刑部侍郎。 二年，除集英殿修撰，奉祠。 既而趙令畤應詔薦之，復召為刑部侍郎，為言者所格。 四年，卒於家。 衣質直和易，持法不阿，議者賢之。
In the first year of Shaoxing he was Acting Vice Minister of Justice. In the second year he was appointed Compiler of the Jiying Hall and given a sinecure. Soon Zhao Lingzhi by edict recommended him; he was again summoned as Vice Minister of Justice but was blocked by remonstrators. In the fourth year he died at home. Yi was straightforward and easy in nature, held the law without bending—discussants considered him worthy.
74
論曰：向子諲以相家之子克飭臣節，陳規以文儒之臣有聲鎮守，可謂拔乎流俗者焉。 季陵言事不諱，二盧兄弟並用，以材見稱，陳桷守禮知變，李璆為政有惠，咸足紀焉。 李朴不訹權威，王庠志高而晚節頗衰，王衣明恕而用刑不刻，雖或器識不齊，亦皆不曠其職也歟！
The discussion says: Xiang Ziyin as a prime minister's son was able to restrain himself in minister's integrity; Chen Gui as a civil Confucian minister had reputation in garrison defense—they can be called those who rose above vulgar custom. Ji Ling spoke on affairs without avoidance; the two Lu brothers were both employed and seen in the world for talent; Chen Jue kept ritual and knew change; Li Qiu in government had grace—all are worth recording. Li Pu did not yield to authority and power; Wang Xiang's aspiration was high yet his late years somewhat declined; Wang Yi was clear in forgiveness and in applying punishment not harsh—though their capacity and insight were not uniform, all also did not neglect their duties!