1
張燾，字子公，饒之德興人，秘閣修撰根之子也。 政和八年進士第三人，嘗為辟雍錄、秘書省正字。 靖康元年，李綱為親征行營使，辟燾入幕。 綱貶，親知坐累者十七人，燾亦貶。
Zhang Dao, styled Zigong, came from Dexing in Raozhou; he was the son of Gen, who had served as a Hanlin academician compiler. He ranked third among jinshi in the eighth year of Zhenghe and had previously held the posts of Imperial University recorder and Secretariat proofreader. In the first year of Jingkang, Li Gang, appointed commissioner of the emperor's field headquarters, brought Dao onto his staff. After Gang fell from favor, seventeen of his intimates were punished by association, and Dao was demoted too.
2
建炎初，起通判湖州。 明受之變，賊矯詔俾燾撫諭江、浙，燾不受。 上既復辟，詔求言。 燾上書略曰：「人主戡定禍亂，未有不本于至誠而能有濟者。 陛下踐祚以來，號令之發未足以感人心，政事之施未足以慰人望，豈非在我之誠有未修乎？ 天下治亂，在君子小人用舍而已。 小人之黨日勝，則君子之類日退，將何以弭亂而圖治？」 又言措置江防非計，徒費民財、損官賦，不適於用。 又言：「侍從、臺諫觀望意指，毛舉細務，至國家大事，坐視不言。」 又言：「巡幸所至，營繕困民，越棲會稽，似不如是。」
Early in the Jianyan era he was recalled to serve as vice prefect of Huzhou. When the Mingshou mutiny broke out, the rebels forged an edict commanding Dao to pacify Jiang and Zhe, but he refused to obey. Once the emperor had regained the throne, he issued an edict calling for memorials and advice. Dao submitted a memorial that began: "No sovereign has ever put down disaster and rebellion without first rooting his efforts in complete sincerity. Since Your Majesty took the throne, your proclamations have failed to stir the people's hearts and your policies have failed to meet their hopes. Is this not because sincerity on our part still falls short? Order and chaos in the empire turn on nothing more than whether the worthy or the base are kept or cast aside. As petty men gain ground and gentlemen are pushed back, how can we hope to end turmoil and restore order?" He also argued that the river-defense scheme was misguided, squandering public funds and tax revenue while serving no practical purpose. He further wrote: "Court attendants and censorial officials watch for hints of the throne's wishes, nitpicking over trifles, yet on matters vital to the state they remain silent spectators." He also observed: "Everywhere the imperial tour passes, building projects exhaust the people—yet when Goujian of Yue made Kuaiji his refuge, he did not behave so."
3
紹興二年，呂頤浩薦，除司勳員外郎，遷起居舍人。 言：「自古未有不知敵人之情而能勝者，願詔大臣、諸將，厚爵賞，募可任用者往伺敵動靜。 既審知之，則戰守進退，在我皆備，彼尚安得出不意犯吾行闕。」 詔以付都督府及沿邊諸帥。 遷中書舍人。
In the second year of Shaoxing, recommended by Lü Yihao, he was made outer-office director in the Ministry of Personnel and then promoted to diarist-attendant. He urged: "No commander in history ever won without understanding the enemy. I ask that ministers and generals be ordered to offer rich rewards and send trustworthy men to observe Jin movements. With clear intelligence in hand, every choice of attack, defense, advance, or retreat would be ours to make; the enemy could hardly hope to strike our mobile court unawares." The throne ordered his proposal forwarded to the grand headquarters and to every frontier commander. He was promoted to Secretariat drafter.
4
呂祉之撫諭淮西也，燾謂張浚曰：「祉書生，不更軍旅，何可輕付。」 浚不從，遂致酈瓊之變。 七年，張滉特賜進士出身。 滉，浚兄也，將母至行在，上引對而命之。 燾言：「宣和以來，姦臣子弟濫得儒科。 陛下方與浚圖回大業，當以公道革前弊。 今首賜滉第，何以塞公議？」 上念浚功，欲慰其母心，乃命起居郎樓炤行下，炤又封還。 著作郎兼起居舍人何掄曰：「賢良之子，宰相之兄，賜科第不為過。」 乃與書行。 燾不自安，與炤皆求去，不許，言者論之，以集英殿修撰提舉江州太平觀。
When Lü Zhi was dispatched to pacify Huai West, Dao told Zhang Jun: "Zhi is a scholar who has never served in the army—such a responsibility should not be handed to him so casually." Jun refused to listen, and the result was Li Qiong's rebellion. In the seventh year, Zhang Huang was specially awarded jinshi standing. Huang was Jun's older brother. He had escorted their mother to the mobile court, and the emperor received him in audience and issued the grant. Dao protested: "Since Xuanhe, the sons and brothers of corrupt ministers have been showered with civil-service degrees they did not earn. Your Majesty is now joining Jun in the effort to restore the dynasty; past abuses should be corrected through fair and open standards. If Huang is the first to receive such a favor, how can we answer public outrage?" The emperor, remembering Jun's service and wishing to comfort his mother, ordered diarist-attendant Lou Zhao to issue the edict—but Zhao sealed it and sent it back. He Lun, compilation officer and concurrent diarist-attendant, argued: "He is the son of a virtuous family and the chief minister's own brother—a degree is hardly out of line." The edict was then issued with his support. Dao grew uneasy; he and Zhao both asked to resign, but were refused. Critics attacked them, and Dao was reassigned as Hanlin academician compiler and superintendent of the Taiping Abbey at Jiangzhou.
5
明年，以兵部侍郎召，詔引對，上曰：「卿去止緣張滉。」 燾曰：「臣苟有所見，不敢不言。 如內侍王鑒，陛下所親信，臣尚論列，豈有宰相親兄自賜出身，公論不與。 臣若不言，豈惟負陛下，亦負張浚。」 上因問：「朕圖治一紀，收效蔑然，其弊安在？」 燾曰：「自昔有為之君，未有不先定規模而能收效者。 臣紹興初首以是為言，今七年。 往者進臨大江，退守吳會，未期月而或進或卻，豈不為敵所窺乎？ 今陛下相與斷國論者，二三大臣而已。 一紀之間，十四命相，執政遞遷無慮二十餘。 日月逝矣，大計不容復誤，願以先定規模為急。」
The next year he was recalled as vice minister of war. Summoned to audience, the emperor said: "You left office only because of the Zhang Huang affair." Dao answered: "Whenever I have a view on a matter, I cannot keep silent. I spoke out even against the eunuch Wang Jian, whom Your Majesty trusts. How could I say nothing when a chief minister's brother received a degree by special favor that public opinion rejected? Had I kept silent, I would have failed not only Your Majesty but Zhang Jun himself." The emperor then asked: "I have pursued good government for twelve years with almost nothing to show for it. Where is the problem?" Dao replied: "No effective ruler in history ever achieved results without first establishing a clear strategic plan. I raised this very point at the start of Shaoxing—seven years ago. We once advanced to the Yangzi, then fell back to Wu and Kuaiji, shifting forward and back within a single month—did the enemy not see through us? Today only two or three senior ministers join Your Majesty in deciding the nation's course. In twelve years there have been fourteen chief-minister appointments and more than twenty rotations among the top executive ranks. Time is slipping away and the grand strategy cannot be misjudged again. I urge Your Majesty to make setting a firm plan the top priority."
6
尋權吏部尚書。 徽猷閣待制黎確卒，詔贈官推恩，燾言：「確素號正人，一旦臨變，失臣節，北面邦昌之庭，且為將命止勤王之師。 今曲加贈恤，何以示天下？」 詔追奪職名。
He was soon made acting minister of personnel. When Li Que, Hanlin academician of the Huiyou Pavilion, died, the court ordered posthumous honors for him. Dao objected: "Que had been regarded as upright, yet when disaster struck he abandoned ministerial integrity, bowed north toward Zhang Bangchang's court, and even carried orders to stop the armies marching to save the throne. If we now shower him with special posthumous honors, what message does that send the empire?" The throne ordered his posthumous titles stripped.
7
時金使至境，詔欲屈己就和，令侍從、臺諫條上。 燾言：「金使之來，欲議和好，將歸我梓宮，歸我淵聖，歸我母后，歸我宗社，歸我土地人民，其意甚美，其言甚甘，廟堂以為信然，而群臣、國人未敢以為信然也。 蓋事關國體，臣請推原天意為陛下陳之。 《傳》曰：『天將興之，誰能廢之？』 臣考人事以驗天意，陛下飛龍濟州，天所命也。 敵騎屢犯行闕，不能為虞。 甲寅一戰敗敵師，丙辰再戰卻劉豫，丁巳酈瓊雖叛，實為偽齊廢滅之資，皆天所贊也。 是蓋陛下躬履艱難，側身修行，布德立正，上副天意，而天佑之之所致也。 臣以是知上天悔禍有期，中興不遠矣。 願益自修自強，以享天心，以俟天時。 時之既至，吉無不利，則何戰不勝，何功不立。 今此和議，姑為聽之，而必無信之可恃也。 彼使已及境，勢難固拒。 使其果願和好，如前所陳，是天誘其衷，必不復強我以難行之禮。 如其初無此心，二三其說，責我以必不可行之禮，要我以必不可從之事，其包藏何所不有，便當以大義絕之。 謹邊防，厲將士，相時而動。 願斷自淵衷，毋取必於彼而取必於天而已。 乃若略國家之大恥，置宗社之深仇，躬率臣民，屈膝于金而臣事之，而凱和議之必成，非臣所敢知也。」 上覽奏，愀然變色曰：「卿言可謂忠，然朕必不至為彼所紿，方且熟議，必非詐偽而後可從，不然，當再使審虛實，拘其使人。」 燾頓首謝。
Jin envoys had reached the frontier, and an edict proposed bowing to secure peace, ordering court attendants and censorial officials to submit their views in detail. Dao wrote: "The Jin envoys come speaking of peace—promising the return of our late emperor's remains, of Emperor Qinzong, of the empress dowager, of the altars of state, of our territory and people. Their words sound gracious and their promises sweet. The court may believe them, but ministers and the people do not yet dare to. Because the nation's honor is at stake, I ask to trace Heaven's intent and lay it before Your Majesty. The Commentary says: 'When Heaven intends to raise a man up, who can cast him down?' I weigh human events to read Heaven's will: when Your Majesty rose like a dragon at Jizhou, that was Heaven's decree. Jin cavalry repeatedly struck at the mobile court yet could not touch Your Majesty. In jiayin we routed the enemy in a single battle; in bingchen we drove back Liu Yu; in dingsi Li Qiong rebelled, yet that rebellion became the very means by which the puppet Qi was destroyed—all of this was Heaven's aid. This came about because Your Majesty personally endured hardship, disciplined your conduct, spread virtue, and upheld righteousness in accord with Heaven—and Heaven rewarded you accordingly. From this I know that Heaven's reversal of our disaster has its appointed hour and that restoration is near. I urge Your Majesty to cultivate yourself further, align with Heaven's favor, and wait for the moment Heaven appoints. When the hour comes, fortune will favor every endeavor—what battle could we lose, what achievement could we fail to win? For now we may hear out this peace talk, but we must not treat it as something we can trust. Their envoys are already at the frontier, and circumstances make a flat refusal difficult. If they genuinely seek peace as they claim, Heaven has moved their hearts and they will not again impose rites we cannot honorably perform. If they never meant peace, shifting their story and demanding rites we cannot perform or concessions we cannot grant—what deception might they not hide?—then we should break with them on principle. Strengthen the frontiers, harden the troops, and move when the moment is right. I ask Your Majesty to decide from your inmost heart to rely not on them but on Heaven alone. As for brushing aside the nation's deepest humiliation, forgetting the gravest injury to our altars of state, leading ministers and people to kneel before Jin and serve as their subjects, and counting on peace as a certainty—that I cannot accept." Reading the memorial, the emperor's face darkened. "Your words are loyal," he said, "but I will not be fooled by Jin. We are deliberating carefully and will agree only if there is no deception; otherwise we will send envoys to verify the facts and detain their ambassadors." Dao kowtowed in acknowledgment.
8
金使張通古、蕭哲至行在，朝議欲上拜金詔。 燾曰：「陛下信王倫之虛詐，發自聖斷，不復謀議，便欲行禮，群臣震懼罔措。 必已得梓宮，已得母后，已得宗族，始可議通好經久之禮。 今彼特以通好為說，意謂割地講和而已，陛下之所願欲而切於聖心者，無一言及之，其情可見，奈何遽欲屈而聽之。 一屈之後，不可復伸，廷臣莫能正救，曾魯仲連之不如，豈不獲罪于天下萬世。」
When Jin envoys Zhang Tonggu and Xiao Zhe arrived at the mobile court, court opinion favored having the emperor perform the ritual of bowing to the Jin edict. Dao protested: "Your Majesty trusts Wang Lun's hollow promises, has decided on your own without further deliberation, and now intends to perform the rite—the court is shaken and helpless. Only after the late emperor's remains, the empress dowager, and the imperial clan have all been returned can we discuss rites for lasting peace. They speak only of friendship, meaning nothing more than ceding land for peace. Not one word touches what Your Majesty most deeply desires. Their intent is obvious—why rush to submit? Once we bow, we can never stand straight again. No minister can set this right—we fall short even of Lu Zhonglian. Will we not be condemned by all posterity?"
9
既而監察御史施廷臣抗章力贊和議，擢為侍御史。 司農寺丞莫將忽賜第，擢為起居郎。 朝論大駭。 燾率吏部侍郎晏敦復上疏曰：
Soon after, investigating censor Shi Tingchen submitted a bold memorial endorsing peace and was promoted to attendant censor. Mo Jiang, an assistant director in the Directorate of Agriculture, was suddenly granted an official residence and promoted to diarist-attendant. The court was stunned. Dao joined Vice Minister of Personnel Yan Dunfu in submitting a memorial:
10
「仰惟陛下痛梓宮未還，兩宮未復，不憚屈己與敵議和，特以眾論未同，故未敢輕屈爾。 幸小大之臣，無復異議，從容獻納，庶幾天聽為回，卒不敢屈，此宗社之福也。 彼施廷臣乃務迎合，輒敢抗章，力贊此議，姑為一身進用之資，不恤君父屈辱之恥，罪不容誅，乃由察官超擢柱史。 夫御史府，朝廷紀綱之地，而陛下耳目之司，前日勾龍如淵以附會而得中丞，眾論固已喧鄙之矣。 今廷臣又以此而躋橫榻，一臺之中，長貳皆然，既同鄉曲，又同心腹，惟相朋附，變亂是非，豈不紊紀綱而蔽陛下之耳目乎？ 眾論沸騰，方且切齒，而莫將者又以此議由寺丞擢右史。 如淵、廷臣庸人也，初無所長，但知觀望，而將則姦人也，考其平昔無所不為，此輩烏可與之斷國論乎？ 望加斥逐，庶幾少杜群枉之門。 至於和議，則王倫實為謀主，彼往來敵中至再四矣，陛下恃以為心腹，信之如蓍龜，今其為言自己二三事之端倪，蓋亦可見。 更望仰念祖宗付託之重，俯念億兆愛戴之誠，貴重此身，無輕于屈。 但務雪恥以思復仇，加禮其使，厚資遣發，諭以必得事實之意，告以國人皆曰不可之狀。 使彼悔禍，果出誠心，惟我所欲，盡歸於我，然後徐議報之之禮，亦未晚也。 如其變詐，誘我以虛詞，則包藏終不可測，便當厲將士，保疆塲，自治自強，以俟天時，何為不成？ 伏願陛下少忍而已。 自朝廷有屈己之議，上下解體，儻遂成屈己之事，則上下必至離心，人心既離，何以立國？ 伏願戒之重之。」
"Your Majesty grieves that the late emperor's remains and the two palaces have not been restored, and is willing to humble yourself to negotiate with the enemy—yet because public opinion is not united, you have not yet dared to submit lightly. Fortunately ministers of every rank now speak with one voice, offering counsel calmly; perhaps Heaven will hear and you will never need to bow—this would be the dynasty's blessing. Yet Shi Tingchen seeks only to flatter, daring to submit a forceful memorial endorsing this plan merely to advance himself, heedless of the humiliation of his sovereign—a crime deserving death—yet he is leapfrogged from investigating censor to chief censor. The Censorate upholds the court's discipline and serves as Your Majesty's eyes and ears. Gou Long Ruyuan already won the vice censor-in-chief's post through sycophancy, and public opinion already despised him for it. Now Tingchen too has risen to chief censor for the same reason. Within one bureau both the chief and deputy are alike—townsmen and confidants who band together in faction and confound right and wrong. Will this not destroy discipline and blind Your Majesty? Public outrage is boiling, yet Mo Jiang too is promoted from assistant director to right diarist-attendant for endorsing the same plan. Ruyuan and Tingchen are mediocrities who know only how to read the wind; Jiang is a villain whose past shows he stops at nothing. How can such men decide the fate of the nation? We ask that they be expelled, so that the door to corrupt faction may be partly shut. As for peace, Wang Lun is the chief architect. He has shuttled to the enemy three or four times already, and Your Majesty trusts him as one trusts divination. The signs in what he says now are already plain. We further ask Your Majesty to remember the weight of the ancestors' trust and the devotion of the people, and to hold yourself precious—not to bow lightly. Devote yourself to wiping away shame and planning revenge. Treat their envoys courteously, provide them generously for their return, insist on verified facts, and tell them the people unanimously reject submission. If they repent and show genuine intent, returning everything we demand, then discussing reciprocal rites would not be too late. If they turn deceitful and lure us with empty promises, their hidden designs can never be known—we should harden the troops, defend the borders, strengthen ourselves, and await Heaven's hour. What could we not achieve? We humbly ask Your Majesty to hold firm a little longer. Since the court began debating submission, the realm has lost cohesion. If submission actually occurs, ruler and people will inevitably part ways. Once hearts are divided, how can the state endure? We humbly urge Your Majesty to guard against this with the utmost seriousness."
11
於是將、廷臣皆不敢拜。 燾又面折如淵曰：「達觀其所舉，君薦七人，皆北面張邦昌，今囁嚅附會，墮敵計，他日必背君親矣。」
Thereupon neither Jiang nor Tingchen dared perform the bowing rite. Dao also confronted Ruyuan directly: "I have watched your recommendations. You promoted seven men who all bowed north to Zhang Bangchang. Now you mutter sycophantic compliance and fall into the enemy's trap—you will betray your sovereign and kin one day."
12
燾既力詆拜詔之議，秦檜患之，燾亦自知得罪，託疾在告。 檜使樓炤諭之曰：「北扉闕人，欲以公為直院。」 燾大駭曰：「果有此言，愈不敢出矣。」 檜不能奪，乃止。
Because Dao had fiercely opposed bowing to the Jin edict, Qin Hui resented him. Dao knew he had given offense and pleaded illness to stay home. Hui sent Lou Zhao to tell him: "The Northern Secretariat needs staff—we wish to appoint you as a drafter." Dao was deeply alarmed: "If that is truly the offer, I am all the more afraid to leave my house." Hui could not change his mind and dropped the matter.
13
和議成，范如圭請遣使朝八陵，遂命判大宗正士㒟與燾偕行，且命修奉，令荊湖帥臣岳飛濟其役。 燾與士㒟道武昌，出蔡、潁，河南百姓歡迎夾道，以喜以泣曰：「久隔王化，不圖今日復為宋民。」 九年五月，至永安諸陵，朝謁如禮。 陵前石澗水久涸，二使垂至忽湧溢，父老驚歎，以為中興之兆。
After peace was concluded, Fan Rugui asked that envoys be sent to visit the eight imperial tombs. The emperor ordered Vice Director of the Imperial Clan Bureau Shi Yi to travel with Dao and commanded restoration work, directing Jing-Hu commander Yue Fei to supply the labor. Dao and Shi Yi traveled via Wuchang through Cai and Ying. Henan people lined the roads to welcome them, weeping and rejoicing: "Long cut off from imperial rule—we never dreamed we would again be subjects of Song." In the fifth month of the ninth year they reached the Yong'an tombs and performed the rites of homage. The stone brook before the tombs had long run dry, but just as the two envoys were about to arrive it suddenly surged. The elders marveled, taking it as an omen of restoration.
14
燾等入柏城，披鉏荊棘，隨所葺治，留二日而還，自鄭州歷汴、宋、宿、泗、淮南以歸。 即奏疏曰：「金人之禍，上及山陵，雖殄滅之，未足以雪此恥、復此仇也。 陛下聖孝天至，豈勝痛憤，顧以梓宮、兩宮之故，方且與和，未可遽言兵也。 祖宗在天之靈，震怒既久，豈容但已，異時恭行天罰，得無望于陛下乎？ 自古戡定禍亂，非武不可，狼子野心不可保恃久矣； 伏望修武備，俟釁隙起而應之，電掃風驅，盡俘醜類以告諸陵。 夫如是然後盡天子之孝，而為人子孫之責塞矣。」 上問諸陵寢如何，燾不對，唯言：「萬世不可忘此賊。」 上黯然。
Dao and his party entered the tomb grove, hacking through brambles and repairing what they could. After two days they headed back, traveling from Zhengzhou through Bian, Song, Su, Si, and Huainan. He immediately memorialized: "The Jin disaster reached even the imperial tombs. Exterminating them would not suffice to wipe away this shame or settle this score. Your Majesty's filial devotion is heaven-reaching—who could not share your grief and rage? Yet for the sake of the late emperor's remains and the two palaces, you are negotiating peace and cannot yet speak of war. The ancestral spirits in Heaven have long burned with wrath—how can this simply end? When Heaven's punishment is carried out, will they not look to Your Majesty? From antiquity, putting down disaster and rebellion has always required force. The wolf's cub nature cannot be trusted for long; I humbly urge Your Majesty to strengthen the military, wait for an opening, then strike like lightning and report the capture of every enemy to the tombs. Only then can a Son of Heaven fulfill his filial duty and a descendant discharge his obligation." The emperor asked about the condition of the tombs. Dao did not answer directly, saying only: "For ten thousand generations we must not forget this enemy." The emperor's face fell.
15
燾因請永固陵不用金玉，大略謂：「金玉珍寶，聚而藏之，固足以動人耳目，又其為物，自當流布於世，理必發露，無足怪者。」 上覽疏，謂秦檜曰：「前世厚葬之禍，如循一軌。 朕斷不用金玉，庶先帝神靈有萬世之安。」 燾又言：「頃劉豫初廢，人情恟恟，我斥候不明，坐失機會。 今又聞敵于淮陽作筏、造繩索，不知安用？ 諸將朝廷戒勿得遣間探，遂不復遣，我之動息，敵無不知，敵之情狀，我則不聞。 又見黃河船盡拘北岸，悉為敵用，往來自若，無一人敢北渡者。 願飭邊吏廣耳目，先事而防。」 又言：「酈瓊部伍皆西陲勁兵，今在河南，尚可收用。 新疆租賦已蠲，而使命絡繹，推恩費用猶循兵興時例，願加裁損，非甚不得已勿遣使，以寬民力。」 又論：「陝西諸帥不相下，動輒喧爭，請置一大帥統之，庶首尾相應，緩急可恃。」 燾所言皆切中時病，秦檜方主和，惟恐少忤敵意，悉置不問。
Dao therefore asked that the Yonggu Tombs use no gold or jade, arguing in essence: "Gold and precious treasures hoarded in tombs are bound to tempt thieves. Such things are meant to circulate in the world—they will inevitably be found, and that is no surprise." Reading the memorial, the emperor told Qin Hui: "The disasters of lavish burial in past ages all follow the same pattern. I am resolved to use no gold or jade, so that the late emperor's spirit may rest in peace for ten thousand generations." Dao added: "When Liu Yu was recently abolished, the people were in turmoil, yet our intelligence was poor and we missed the opportunity. Now we hear the enemy at Huaiyang is building rafts and making ropes—what are they for? The court has forbidden generals to send spies, so none are sent. The enemy knows all our movements; we know nothing of theirs. We also see all Yellow River boats detained on the north bank for enemy use—they come and go freely while no one dares cross north. I urge that frontier officials be ordered to broaden intelligence and prepare before trouble strikes." He also noted: "Li Qiong's troops are crack soldiers from the western frontier. Now in Henan, they could still be put to use. Taxes in the newly recovered territories have been remitted, yet envoys stream back and forth and favor-granting costs still follow wartime levels. I urge cutbacks and that envoys be sent only when absolutely necessary, to ease the people's burden." He also argued: "The Shaanxi commanders refuse to defer to one another and constantly quarrel. Appoint one supreme commander so they can coordinate and be relied upon in crisis." Everything Dao said hit the mark, but Qin Hui was pushing peace and feared offending the enemy, so he ignored it all.
16
成都謀帥，上諭檜曰：「張燾可，第道遠，恐其憚行。」 檜以諭燾，燾曰：「君命也，焉敢辭。」 十月，以寶文閣學士知成都府兼本路安撫使，付以便宜，雖安撫一路，而四川賦斂無藝者，悉得蠲減。 陛辭，奏曰：「蜀民困矣，官吏從而誅剝之，去朝廷遠，無所赴。 俟臣至所部，首宣德意，但一路咸沾惠澤。」 上曰：「豈惟一路，四川恤民事悉委卿。」 燾因言官吏害民者，請先罷後劾，上許之。 又言：「軍興十餘年，日不暇給。 今和議甫定，願汲汲以政刑為先務。」 上曰：「當書之座右。」 十年三月，至成都。
When a Chengdu commander was needed, the emperor told Hui: "Zhang Dao would do, but the distance is great—I fear he may hesitate to go." Hui relayed this to Dao, who said: "It is the sovereign's command—how could I refuse?" In the tenth month he was made Hanlin academician of the Baowen Pavilion and prefect of Chengdu, concurrently circuit pacification commissioner, with discretionary authority. Though his jurisdiction was one circuit, he could remit all exorbitant taxes across Sichuan. At his farewell audience he memorialized: "The people of Shu are suffering, and officials extort them further. Far from court, they have nowhere to turn. When I reach my post, I will first proclaim the imperial intent so the entire circuit may benefit." The emperor said: "Not just one circuit—all relief for the people of Sichuan is entrusted to you." Dao asked that officials who harm the people be dismissed first and impeached afterward. The emperor agreed. He also noted: "War has raged for more than ten years, leaving no time for anything else. Now that peace is settled, I urge Your Majesty to make governance and justice the top priority." The emperor said: "Write that at my right hand." In the third month of the tenth year he arrived in Chengdu.
17
在蜀四年，戢貪吏，薄租賦； 撫雅州蕃部，西邊不驚； 歲旱則發粟，民得不饑； 暇則修學校，與諸生講論。 會有詔令宣撫司納契丹降人，燾為宣撫使胡世將言：「蜀地狹不能容，前朝常勝軍可為戒。」 世將奏寢其事。
During four years in Shu he reined in corrupt officials and lightened taxes; he pacified the tribal peoples of Yazhou, keeping the western frontier quiet; in drought years he distributed grain so the people did not starve; in quieter times he restored schools and lectured with students. When an edict ordered the pacification commission to accept Khitan defectors, Dao told Pacification Commissioner Hu Shijiang: "Shu is too narrow to hold them—the Changsheng Army of the previous dynasty should serve as warning enough." Shijiang memorialized to drop the matter.
18
燾乞祠，以李璆代之。 燾自蜀歸，臥家凡十有三年。 二十五年冬，檜死，舊人在者皆起，燾除知建康府兼行宮留守。 金陵積歲負內庫錢帛鉅萬，悉為奏免。 池有義子與父爭訟，守昏謬，繫父，連年不決，燾移大理，斥其守。 居二年，進端明殿學士。 二十九年，提舉萬壽觀兼侍讀，以衰疾力辭，不許。 除吏部尚書。
Dao requested a temple post and Li Qiu replaced him. After returning from Shu, Dao lived in retirement at home for thirteen years. In the winter of the twenty-fifth year, when Hui died, former associates were recalled; Dao was made prefect of Jiankang and concurrent keeper of the traveling palace. Jinling owed the inner treasury tens of thousands in cash and silk accumulated over years; he memorialized to have it all forgiven. In Chi an adopted son sued his father. The muddle-headed prefect imprisoned the father and left the case unresolved for years. Dao transferred it to the Court of Judicial Review and rebuked the prefect. After two years he was promoted to Hanlin academician of the Duanming Hall. In the twenty-ninth year he was made superintendent of the Wanshou Abbey and concurrent reader-in-waiting. He declined on grounds of age and illness but was refused. He was appointed minister of personnel.
19
初，上知普安郡王賢，欲建為嗣，顯仁皇后意未欲，遲回久之。 顯仁崩，上問燾方今大計，燾曰：「儲貳者，國之本也，天下大計，無逾於此。」 上曰：「朕懷此久矣，卿言契朕心，開春當議典禮。」 又勸上省賜予，罷土木，減冗吏，止北貨。 上嘉獎之。
Earlier the emperor knew the Prince of Pu'an was worthy and wished to make him heir, but Empress Xianren was not yet willing, and the matter dragged on. When Xianren died, the emperor asked Dao about the great question of the day. Dao said: "The heir apparent is the root of the state. No national question exceeds this." The emperor said: "I have long had this in mind. Your words match my heart. When spring comes we shall discuss the ceremonies." He also urged the emperor to cut grants, halt construction, reduce redundant officials, and stop importing northern goods. The emperor praised him.
20
金使施宜生來，燾奉詔館客。 宜生本閩人，素聞燾名，一見顧副使曰：「是南朝不拜詔者。」 燾以「首丘桑梓」動之，宜生於是漏敵情，燾密奏早為備。
When Jin envoy Shi Yisheng arrived, Dao was ordered by edict to serve as his host. Yisheng was originally from Min and had long heard of Dao. At their first meeting he turned to the vice envoy: "This is the Southern Court official who refused to bow to the edict." Dao appealed to him with talk of returning home to one's native soil. Yisheng then leaked enemy intelligence, and Dao secretly memorialized for early preparations.
21
先是，御前置甲庫，凡乘輿所需圖畫什物，有司不能供者悉聚焉。 日費不貲。 禁中既有內酒庫，釀殊勝，酤賣其餘，頗侵大農。 燾因對，言甲庫萃工巧以蕩上心，酒庫酤良醞以奪官課。 且乞罷減教坊樂工人數。 上曰：「卿言可謂責難於君。」 明日悉詔罷之。
Earlier the imperial household had established an armor depot where all paintings and objects for the imperial carriage that regular offices could not supply were gathered. Daily expenses were enormous. Within the palace there was also an inner wine depot brewing superior vintages and selling the surplus, cutting into the grand granary's revenue. At audience Dao said the armor depot gathered artisans to corrupt the ruler's heart, and the wine depot sold fine brews to seize official tax revenue. He also asked that the Music Bureau's musicians be abolished or reduced. The emperor said: "Your words hold the ruler to a difficult standard." The next day edicts abolished them all.
22
屢以衰疾乞骸。 三十年，以資政殿學士致仕，尋遷太中大夫，給真奉。 三十一年八月，落致仕，復知建康府。 時金人窺江，建業民驚徙過半，聞燾至，人情稍安。 尋詔沿江帥臣條上恢復事宜，燾首陳十事，大率欲預備不虞，持重養威，觀釁而動，期於必勝。
He repeatedly asked to retire on grounds of age and illness. In the thirtieth year he retired as Hanlin academician of the Zizheng Hall, and soon after was promoted to Grandee of Palace Attendance with a stipend. In the eighth month of the thirty-first year his retirement was revoked and he was again made prefect of Jiankang. The Jin were probing the Yangzi. More than half the people of Jianye fled in alarm, but when they heard Dao was coming, public sentiment eased. Soon an edict ordered river frontier commanders to submit recovery plans. Dao was first to present ten proposals, generally aiming to prepare for the unexpected, hold strength and nurture prestige, watch for openings, and fight to win.
23
孝宗受禪，除同知樞密院，遣子埏入辭。 詔肩輿至宮，給扶上殿，首問為治之要，言內治乃可外攘。 又乞命百執條弊事，詔從之，令侍從、臺諫集都堂給劄以聞。 隆興元年，遷參知政事，以老病不拜，臺諫交章留之，除資政殿大學士、提舉萬壽觀兼侍讀。 謁告將理，許之。 及家，固求致仕。 後二年卒，年七十五，諡忠定。
When Emperor Xiaozong took the throne, Dao was appointed vice director of the Bureau of Military Affairs. He sent his son Yan to take leave on his behalf. An edict ordered a sedan chair to bring him to the palace with supports to help him ascend. The emperor first asked the essentials of governance; Dao said internal order must come before external resistance. He also asked that all officials be ordered to list abuses. The throne agreed and ordered attendants and censorial officials to gather at the chief council hall and submit memorials. In the first year of Longxing he was transferred to vice grand councilor but declined on grounds of age and illness. Censorial officials submitted successive memorials asking him to stay, and he was made grand academician of the Zizheng Hall, superintendent of the Wanshou Abbey, and concurrent reader-in-waiting. He requested leave to tend to personal affairs and was permitted. When he reached home he firmly asked to retire. Two years later he died at seventy-five. His posthumous title was Zhongding, "Loyal and Settled."
24
燾外和內剛，帥蜀有惠政，民祠之不忘。 始論和議，歸之於天，士論歉然。 洎繳駁施廷臣之奏，朝野復一辭歸重焉。
Dao was outwardly mild and inwardly firm. As commander of Shu he enacted benevolent policies, and the people enshrined him in memory. When he first discussed peace and attributed it to Heaven, scholarly opinion was dissatisfied. But when he rebutted Shi Tingchen's memorial, court and country again spoke as one in honoring him.
25
黃中，字通老，邵武人。 幼受書，一再輒成誦。 初以族祖蔭補官。 紹興五年廷試，言孝弟動上心，擢進士第二人，授保寧軍節度推官。 二十餘年，秦檜死，乃召為校書郎，歷遷普安、恩平府教授。 中在王府時，龍大淵已親幸，中未嘗與之狎，見則揖而退，後他教授多蒙其力，中獨不徙官。
Huang Zhong, styled Tonglao, came from Shaowu. As a child he studied the classics and could recite a text after one or two readings. At first he received an official post through a clan elder's yin privilege. In the palace examination of the fifth year of Shaoxing, his words on filial piety and brotherly respect moved the emperor. He ranked second among jinshi and was appointed military commissioner judge of the Baoning Army. For more than twenty years he remained in office. When Qin Hui died he was summoned as collator and later served as instructor in Pu'an and Enping prefectures. When Zhong was in the princely household, Long Dayuan was already a favorite, but Zhong never grew familiar with him—when they met he bowed and withdrew. Later many instructors benefited from Dayuan's favor, but Zhong alone was never transferred.
26
遷司封員外郎兼國子司業。 芝草生武成廟，官吏請以聞，中不答，官吏陰畫圖以獻。 宰相謂祭酒周綰與中曰：「治世之瑞，抑而不奏，何耶？」 綰未對，中曰：「治世何用此為？」 綰退，謂人曰：「黃司業之言精切簡當，惜不為諫官。」
He was transferred to outer-office director in the Ministry of Rites, concurrently vice director of the Directorate of Education. Lingzhi fungus appeared at the Wucheng Temple. Officials asked to report it, but Zhong did not reply. They secretly painted a picture and presented it. The chief minister said to Chancellor Zhou Wan and Zhong: "An auspicious sign in an age of good governance—why suppress it and not report it?" Wan did not reply. Zhong said: "What use is this in an age of good governance?" When Wan withdrew he said: "Vice Director Huang's words are precise and apt—it is a pity he is not a remonstrating official."
27
充賀金生辰使，還，為秘書少監，尋除起居郎，累遷權禮部侍郎。 中使金回，言其治汴宮，必徙居見迫，宜早為計。 上矍然。 宰相顧謂中曰：「沈介歸，殊不聞此，何耶？」 居數日，中白宰相，請以妄言待罪。 湯思退怒，語侵中。 已乃除介吏部侍郎，徙中以補其處。 中猶以備邊為言，又不聽，遂請補外，上不許，曰：「黃中恬退有守。」 除左史，且錫鞍馬。
He served as envoy to congratulate the Jin ruler on his birthday. On return he was made vice director of the Secretariat, soon appointed diarist-attendant, and later promoted to acting vice minister of rites. Returning from his mission to Jin, Zhong said they were renovating the Bian palace and would surely force a relocation—plans should be made early. The emperor started in alarm. The chief minister turned to Zhong: "When Shen Jie returned, he heard nothing of this—why?" After several days Zhong informed the chief minister and asked to await punishment for reckless speech. Tang Situi grew angry and insulted Zhong. Thereupon Jie was made vice minister of personnel and Zhong was transferred to fill his place. Zhong still spoke on frontier defense but was not heeded. He requested an outer appointment, but the emperor refused, saying: "Huang Zhong is calm, retiring, and principled." He was appointed left diarist and granted a saddle and horse.
28
金使賀天申節，遽以欽宗訃聞，朝論俟使去發喪，中馳白宰相：「此國家大事，臣子至痛，一有失禮，謂天下後世何！」 竟得如禮。 中自使還，每進見，輒言邊事，又獨陳禦備方略，高宗稱善。 不數月，金亮已擁眾渡淮。 中因入謝，論淮西將士不用命，請擇大臣督師。 既而以殿帥楊存中為御營使，中率同列力論不可遣。 敵既臨江，朝臣爭遣家逃匿，中獨晏然。 比敵退，唯中與陳康伯家屬在城中，眾慚服。
When a Jin envoy came for the Tianshen Festival, news of Emperor Qinzong's death was suddenly announced. Court opinion favored waiting until the envoy left before proclaiming mourning. Zhong rushed to the chief minister: "This is a great affair of state and the deepest grief of a subject. One lapse in ritual—what would we say to the realm and posterity!" In the end mourning was conducted according to ritual. From the time Zhong returned from his mission, whenever he had audience he spoke on frontier affairs and alone presented defense strategies. Emperor Gaozong praised him. Within a few months, Jin's Prince Liang had already led his forces across the Huai. Zhong then entered to give thanks and argued that Huai West troops were disobeying orders, asking that a senior minister be chosen to supervise the army. Soon Yang Cunzhong, commander of the palace guard, was made commissioner of the imperial camp. Zhong led his colleagues in forcefully arguing that he must not be sent. Once the enemy reached the river, court ministers rushed to send their families into hiding, but Zhong alone remained calm. When the enemy withdrew, only Zhong and Chen Kangbo's families remained in the city, and others felt ashamed and submitted.
29
天申節上壽，議者以欽宗服除當舉樂。 中言：「《春秋》君弑賊不討，雖葬不書，以明臣子之罪，況欽宗實未葬而可遽作樂乎？」 事竟寢。 兼給事中。 內侍遷官不應法，諫官劉度坐論近習龍大淵忤旨補郡，已復罷之，中皆不書讀。 群小相與媒蘖，中罷去。 尹穡希意詆中為張浚黨。
At the Tianshen Festival birthday celebration, some argued that since mourning for Emperor Qinzong had ended, music should be performed. Zhong said: "In the Spring and Autumn Annals, when a ruler was murdered and the killer went unpunished, even burial went unrecorded—to show the guilt of ministers and subjects. How can we hastily perform music when Qinzong has not even been buried?" The matter was dropped. He was concurrently made supervising secretary. Eunuchs were promoted illegally. Remonstrating official Liu Du was punished for criticizing favorite Long Dayuan and sent to a prefecture, then dismissed again—Zhong refused to endorse any of these edicts. Petty men banded together to slander him, and Zhong was dismissed. Yin Ji, seeking favor, slandered Zhong as a Zhang Jun partisan.
30
乾道改元，中年適七十，即告老，以集英殿修撰致仕，進敷文閣待制。 居六年，上御講筵，顧侍臣曰：「黃中老儒，今居何許？ 年幾許？ 筋力或未衰耶？」 召引對內殿，問勞甚渥，以為兵部尚書兼侍讀。
When the reign title changed to Qiandao, Zhong turned seventy and immediately retired as Hanlin academician compiler of the Jiying Hall, then was promoted to Hanlin academician of the Fuwen Pavilion. After six years at home, the emperor presided over the lecture hall and asked his attendants: "The old scholar Huang Zhong—where does he live now? How old is he? Perhaps his strength has not yet failed?" He was summoned to audience in the inner hall and questioned with great kindness. He was made minister of war and concurrent reader-in-waiting.
31
中前在禮部，嘗諫止作樂事，中去，卒用之。 至是又將錫宴，遂奏申前說。 詔遣范成大使金以山陵為請。 中言：「陛下聖孝及此，天下幸甚，然欽廟梓宮置不問，有所未盡。」 上善其言，不能用。
Earlier, when Zhong was in the Ministry of Rites, he had remonstrated against performing music. After he left, music was performed anyway. Now a banquet was to be granted again, so he memorialized restating his earlier view. An edict dispatched Fan Chengda as envoy to Jin to request return of the imperial tombs. Zhong said: "Your Majesty's filial devotion reaches this far—the realm is greatly fortunate. Yet Emperor Qinzong's coffin is left unaddressed; something remains incomplete." The emperor approved of his words but could not act on them.
32
未滿歲，有歸志，乃陳十要道：以為用人而不自用； 以公議進退人才； 察邪正； 廣言路； 核事實； 節用度； 擇監司； 懲貪吏； 陳方略； 考兵籍。 上亟稱善。 中力求去，除顯謨閣、提舉江州太平興國宮，賜犀帶、香茗。
Before a full year had passed he wished to return home and presented ten essential points: employ men but decide for yourself; advance and dismiss talent by public opinion; discern wicked from upright; broaden channels for free speech; verify facts; economize spending; choose circuit intendants carefully; punish corrupt officials; set forth strategy; and examine military registers. The emperor quickly praised this. Zhong forcefully sought to leave and was made Hanlin academician of the Xianmo Pavilion and superintendent of the Taiping Xingguo Abbey at Jiangzhou, granted a rhinoceros-horn belt and fragrant tea.
33
除龍圖閣學士，致仕。 凡邑里後生上謁，必訓以孝弟忠信。 朱熹裁書以見，有曰：「今日之來，將再拜堂下，惟公坐而受之，俾進于門弟子之列，則某之志也。」 其為人敬慕如此。 其後，上手書遣使訪朝政闕失，進職端明殿學士。 屬疾，手草遺表，猶以山陵、欽宗梓宮為言，深以人主之職不可假之左右為戒。 淳熙七年八月庚寅卒，年八十有五。 九月，詔贈正議大夫。 中有奏議十卷。 諡「簡肅」。
He was made Hanlin academician of the Longtu Pavilion and retired. Whenever young men of the locality came to visit, he always instructed them in filial piety, brotherly respect, loyalty, and trustworthiness. Zhu Xi wrote to visit him, saying: "In coming today I intend to bow twice in your hall. I ask only that you sit and receive me, allowing me to enter the ranks of your disciples—this is my wish." Such was the reverence his character inspired. Later the emperor personally wrote and dispatched envoys to inquire about failures in court governance, and Zhong was promoted to Hanlin academician of the Duanming Hall. When illness came upon him, he personally drafted a final memorial, still speaking of the imperial tombs and Emperor Qinzong's coffin, deeply warning that the sovereign's duties must not be entrusted to those at his side. In the eighth month of the seventh year of Chunxi, on the gengyin day, he died at eighty-five. In the ninth month an edict posthumously granted him the title Righteous Discussion Grandee. Zhong left ten fascicles of memorials and proposals. His posthumous title was Jiansu, "Simple and Stern."
34
孫道夫
Sun Daofu
35
孫道夫，字太沖，眉州丹棱人。 年十八貢辟雍。 時禁元祐學，坐收蘇氏文除籍。 再貢，入優等。 張浚薦于高宗，召對，道夫奏：「願修德以回天意，定都以繫人心，任賢材、圖興復以雪國恥。」
Sun Daofu, styled Taichong, came from Danling in Meizhou. At eighteen he submitted tribute to the Imperial University. At that time Yuanyou learning was banned. He was punished for possessing Su-family writings and removed from the register. He submitted tribute again and entered the highest grade. Zhang Jun recommended him to Emperor Gaozong. Summoned to audience, Daofu memorialized: "Cultivate virtue to turn Heaven's intent, establish the capital to bind hearts, employ worthy talent, and plan restoration to wipe away national shame."
36
上在越，浚遣道夫奏事，賜出身，改左承奉郎。 再詔對，言：「漢中前瞰三秦，後蔽巴蜀，孔明、蔣琬出圖關輔，未有不屯漢中者。 今欲進兵陝右，當先經營漢中。 荊南東連吳會，北通漢沔，號用武之國，晉、宋以來，嘗倚為重鎮。 武帝亦以荊南居上流，故以諸子居之。 今守江當先措置荊南，時至則蜀漢師出秦關，荊楚師出宛洛，陛下親御六軍，由淮甸與諸將會咸陽，孰能禦之？」 上嘉納，召試館職。 上諭宰相：「自渡江以來，文氣未有如道夫者，涵養一二年，當命為詞臣。」
The emperor was in Yue. Jun sent Daofu to report affairs and he was granted official standing, becoming Left Assistant Gentleman for Court Service. Again summoned to audience, he said: "Hanzhong looks out over the Three Qins and shields Ba and Shu. When Kongming and Jiang Wan marched toward Guanzhong, they always encamped at Hanzhong. If we now wish to advance into western Shaanxi, we should first establish Hanzhong. Jingnan connects east to Wu and Kuaiji and north to Han and Mian. Called a land for wielding force, since Jin and Song times it has been relied upon as a strategic stronghold. Emperor Wu of Jin also placed his sons there because Jingnan lay on the upper reaches. Today in defending the river we should first secure Jingnan. When the time comes, Shu armies will march through Qin Pass, Jing-Chu armies through Wan and Luoyang, and Your Majesty will lead the six armies from the Huai to join generals at Xianyang—who could withstand us?" The emperor praised and accepted this and summoned him for an academy examination. The emperor told the chief minister: "Since crossing the river, no literary talent has matched Daofu. After nurturing him a year or two, he should be appointed a drafting official."
37
除秘書正字、權禮部郎官。 徽宗凶問禮儀，多所草定。 尋權左司員外郎。 上問蜀中水運陸運孰便？ 道夫奏：「水運遲而省費，陸運速而勞民。 宣撫司初由水運，率石費錢十千，後以為緩，從陸起丁夫十數萬，率石費五十餘千。」 上曰：「水運便，行之。」
He was appointed Secretariat proofreader and acting director in the Ministry of Rites. He drafted much of the ritual for announcing Emperor Huizong's death. Shortly afterward he was made acting outer-office director in the Left Bureau. The emperor asked which was more convenient in Shu, transport by water or by land. Daofu memorialized: "Water transport is slow but saves expense; land transport is fast but burdens the people. The pacification commission at first used water transport at about ten thousand cash per shi. Later, finding it too slow, they used land transport with several hundred thousand corvée laborers at more than fifty thousand cash per shi." The emperor said: "Water transport is convenient—use it."
38
遷校書郎。 出知懷安軍，乞罷都運司以寬民力，罷戍兵以弭亂階，罷泛使以省浮費。 知資州，宣撫鄭剛中薦其治行第一。 移知蜀州，盜不敢入境。 州產綾，先是，守以軍匠置機買絲虧直，民病之，道夫斷其機。 遇事明瞭，人目為「水晶燈籠」。 九年不遷，蓋非秦檜所樂也。
He was transferred to collator. He was sent out as prefect of Huai'an Army and requested abolishing the transport commission to ease the people's burden, abolishing garrison troops to remove seeds of disorder, and abolishing general envoys to cut unnecessary expenses. As prefect of Zizhou, Pacification Commissioner Zheng Gangzhong recommended his governance as first rank. Transferred as prefect of Shuzhou, bandits did not dare enter his jurisdiction. The prefecture produced gauze. Previously the prefect had military artisans set up looms, buying silk below market price to the people's distress. Daofu shut down the looms. He was clear in handling affairs, and people called him a "crystal lantern." For nine years he received no promotion—surely not to Qin Hui's liking.
39
以吏部郎中入對，言蜀民二稅監酒茶額之弊，上納其言。 除太常少卿，假禮部侍郎充賀金正旦使。 金將敗盟，詰秦檜存亡，及關、陝買馬非約，道夫隨事折之。 使還，擢權禮部侍郎。 上曰：「卿自小官已為朕知，第趙鼎與張浚相失後，蜀士仕於朝者，皆為沮抑。 繼自今有所見，可數求對。」
Entering audience as director in the Ministry of Personnel, he spoke of abuses in the two taxes, wine monopoly, and tea quotas burdening Shu people. The emperor accepted his words. He was appointed vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and acting vice minister of rites as envoy to congratulate Jin on New Year's Day. The Jin were about to break the treaty. They questioned whether Qin Hui still lived and whether buying horses in Guan and Shaanxi violated the agreement. Daofu rebutted each point as it arose. On return from the mission he was promoted to acting vice minister of rites. The emperor said: "I have known you since you were a minor official. But after Zhao Ding and Zhang Jun fell out, Shu scholars at court were all suppressed. From now on, whenever you have a view, you may frequently request audience."
40
兼侍講，奏敵有窺江、淮意。 上曰：「朝廷待之甚厚，彼以何名為兵端？」 道夫曰：「彼金人身弑其父兄而奪其位，興兵豈問有名，臣願預為之圖。」 宰相沈該不以為慮，道夫每進對，輒言武事，該疑其引用張浚，忌之。 道夫不自安，請出，除知綿州，致仕，卒，年六十六。
Concurrently appointed lecturer-in-waiting, he memorialized that the enemy intended to probe the Yangzi and Huai. The emperor said: "The court has treated them very generously—under what pretext would they start hostilities?" Daofu said: "That Jin prince murdered his father and brother to seize the throne—when raising armies does he need a pretext? I wish to plan ahead." Chief Minister Shen Gai did not consider this a concern. Whenever Daofu had audience he spoke of military affairs. Gai suspected he was invoking Zhang Jun and resented him. Daofu felt ill at ease and requested an outer appointment. He was made prefect of Mianzhou, retired, and died at sixty-six.
41
道夫居官，一意為民，不可干以私。 仕宦三十年，奉給多置書籍。 然性剛直，喜面折，不容人之短，或以此少之云。
In office Daofu devoted himself entirely to the people and could not be approached with private requests. During thirty years of official service he spent most of his salary on books. Yet his nature was stern and upright. He liked to confront people directly and would not tolerate others' faults—some therefore thought less of him for this.
42
曾幾，字吉甫，其先贛州人，徙河南府。 幼有識度，事親孝，母死，蔬食十五年。 入太學有聲。 兄弼，提舉京西南路學事，按部溺死，無後，特命幾將仕郎。 試吏部，考官異其文，置優等，賜上舍出身，擢國子正兼欽慈皇后宅教授。 遷辟雍博士，除校書郎。
Ceng Ji, styled Jifu, was originally from Ganzhou and moved to Henan Prefecture. As a child he showed judgment and breadth. He was filial to his parents. When his mother died he ate plain food for fifteen years. He entered the Imperial University with a reputation. His elder brother Bi, commissioner of learning for the Jingxi South Circuit, drowned on inspection tour and left no heirs. Ji was specially appointed Gentleman for Initial Service. Examined by the Ministry of Personnel, examiners found his essays exceptional and placed him in the highest grade. He was granted upper-hall standing and promoted to director of the Directorate of Education, concurrently instructor in the Empress Qinci's household. He was transferred to lecturer at the Imperial University and appointed collator.
43
林靈素得幸，作符書號《神霄錄》，朝士爭趨之，幾與李綱、傅崧卿皆稱疾不往視。 久之，為應天少尹，庭無留訟。 閹人得旨取金而無文書，府尹徐處仁與之，幾力爭不得。
Lin Lingsu gained favor and wrote talismanic texts titled Record of the Divine Empyrean. Court gentlemen competed to attend him. Ji, along with Li Gang and Fu Songqing, all pleaded illness and did not go. After a long time he became vice prefect of Yingtian. No lawsuits remained pending in his court. A eunuch received an oral order to take gold without documentation. Prefect Xu Churen gave it to him, but Ji forcefully argued and could not prevail.
44
檜死，起為浙西提刑、知台州，治尚清淨，民安之。 黃岩令受賄為兩吏所持，令械吏置獄，一夕皆死，幾詰其罪。 或曰：「令，丞相沈該客也。」 治之益急。
When Hui died he was recalled as judicial intendant of Zhe West and prefect of Taizhou. His governance favored simplicity and quiet, and the people were at ease. The magistrate of Huangyan took bribes and was caught by two clerks. The magistrate shackled the clerks and imprisoned them; both died in one night. Ji investigated his crime. Some said: "The magistrate is a client of Chief Minister Shen Gai." Ji pursued the case all the more urgently.
45
賀允中薦，召對，以疾辭，除直秘閣，歸故治。 未幾，復召對，幾言：「士氣久不振，陛下欲起之於一朝，矯枉者必過直，雖有折檻斷鞅、牽裾還笏、若賣直干譽者，願加優容。」 時帝懲檜擅權之弊，方開言路，應詔者眾，幾懼有獲戾者，先事陳之。 帝大悅，授秘書少監。
Recommended by He Yunzhong, he was summoned for audience but declined on grounds of illness. He was appointed direct access to the Secretariat and returned to his former jurisdiction. Before long he was again summoned for audience. Ji said: "Scholarly morale has long been depressed. Your Majesty wishes to revive it in a single day—those who overcorrect go too far. Even if some break the railing, snap the bridle, seize the robe, or return the tablet, or seem to sell integrity for reputation, I hope they may be treated with generous tolerance." The emperor, mindful of Hui's monopolization of power, was opening channels for speech. Many responded to edicts. Ji feared some might give offense and stated this in advance. The emperor was greatly pleased and appointed him vice director of the Secretariat.
46
幾承平已為館職，去三十八年而復至，鬚鬢皓白，衣冠偉然。 每會同舍，多談前輩言行、臺閣典章，薦紳推重焉。 詔修《神宗寶訓》，書成，奏薦，帝稱善。 權禮部侍郎。 兄楙、開皆嘗貳春官，幾復為之，人以為榮。
Ji had already held an academy post in peaceful times. After thirty-eight years he returned, his hair snow-white, his bearing imposing. Whenever he met fellow academy members he often spoke of earlier generations and secretariat regulations. Gentry and officials held him in esteem. An edict ordered compilation of the Precious Instructions of Emperor Shenzong. When the book was completed he memorialized with recommendations and the emperor praised it. He was made acting vice minister of rites. His elder brothers Mao and Kai had both served as vice directors of the Ministry of Rites. Ji held the post again, and people regarded it as an honor.
47
吳、越大水、地震，幾舉唐貞元故事反覆論奏，帝韙其言。 他日謂幾曰：「前所進陸贄事甚切，已遣漕臣振濟矣。」 引年請謝，上曰：「卿氣貌不類老人，姑為朕留。」 謝曰：「臣無補萬一，惟進退有禮，尚不負陛下拔擢。」 上閔勞以事，提舉玉隆觀，紹興二十七年也。 除集英殿修撰，又三年，升敷文閣待制。
Wu and Yue suffered great floods and earthquakes. Ji cited Tang precedents from the Zhenyuan era and memorialized repeatedly. The emperor approved his words. Another day he said to Ji: "Your earlier memorial on Lu Zhi was very apt. I have already dispatched transport officials to provide relief." Citing his age he requested leave to retire. The emperor said: "Your bearing does not resemble an old man's—stay for now on my behalf." He thanked him and said: "I have been of no use whatsoever. Only in advancing and retiring with propriety have I not failed Your Majesty's elevation." The emperor sympathized and reassured him with duties, making him superintendent of the Yulong Abbey. This was in the twenty-seventh year of Shaoxing. He was appointed Hanlin academician compiler of the Jiying Hall. Three years later he was promoted to Hanlin academician of the Fuwen Pavilion.
48
金犯塞，中外大震，帝召楊存中偕宰執對便殿，諭以將散百官，浮海避之。 左僕射陳康伯持不可。 存中言：「敵空國遠來，已闖淮甸，此正賢智馳騖不足之時。 臣願率先將士，北首死敵。」 帝喜，遂定議親征，下詔進討。 有欲遣使詣敵求緩師者，幾疏言：「增幣請和，無小益，有大害，為朝廷計，正當嘗膽枕戈，專務節儉，經武外一切置之，如是雖北取中原可也。 且前日詔諸將傳檄數金君臣，如叱奴隸，何辭可與之和耶？」 帝壯之。
The Jin violated the frontier and court and country were greatly shaken. The emperor summoned Yang Cunzhong and the chief ministers to audience in the side hall and said he would dismiss the officials and flee by sea. Left Grand Counselor Chen Kangbo held that this could not be done. Cunzhong said: "The enemy has emptied their country to come from afar and has already broken into the Huai region. This is precisely when worthies and the wise must do all they can. I wish to lead the generals and soldiers, turning north to die fighting the enemy." The emperor was pleased and decided on a personal campaign, issuing an edict to advance and attack. Some wished to dispatch envoys to request a delay in hostilities. Ji memorialized: "Increasing tribute to seek peace brings no small benefit but great harm. The court should sleep on brushwood and taste gall, devote itself solely to frugality, and set aside everything except military preparedness—then even recovering the Central Plain would be possible. Moreover, the other day an edict ordered the generals to circulate a proclamation denouncing the Jin ruler and ministers like scolding slaves—what words could we use to make peace with them?" The emperor was heartened by this.
49
孝宗受禪，幾又上疏數千言。 將召，屢請老，乃遷通奉大夫，致仕，擢其子逮為浙西提刑以便養。 乾道二年卒，年八十二，諡「文清」。
When Emperor Xiaozong received the abdication, Ji again submitted a memorial of several thousand words. About to be summoned, he repeatedly requested retirement on grounds of age. He was transferred to Grandee for Court Audience and retired. His son Dai was promoted to judicial intendant of Zhe West to facilitate his care. He died in the second year of Qiandao at eighty-two. His posthumous title was Wenqing, "Literary and Pure."
50
幾三仕嶺表，家無長物，人稱其廉。 早從舅氏孔文仲、武仲講學。 初佐應天時，諫官劉安世亡恙，黨禁方厲，無敢窺其門者，幾獨從之，談經論事，與之合。 避地衡嶽，又從胡安國遊，其學益粹。 為文純正雅健，詩尤工。 有《經說》二十卷、文集三十卷。
Ji served three times south of the Ling range and kept no surplus possessions at home. People praised his integrity. Early on he studied under his maternal uncles Kong Wenzhong and Wuzhong. When he first served as assistant in Yingtian, remonstrating official Liu Anshi was unharmed but factional bans were severe and none dared approach his door. Ji alone followed him, discussing the classics and affairs of state, and they agreed. Taking refuge at Mount Heng, he also associated with Hu Anguo, and his learning grew more refined. His prose was pure, correct, elegant, and strong; his poetry was especially accomplished. He left twenty fascicles of Expositions on the Classics and thirty fascicles of collected works.
51
二子：逢，仕至司農卿； 逮，亦終敷文閣待制。 而逢最以學稱。
He had two sons: Feng, who rose to director of the Directorate of Agriculture; and Dai, who also ended as Hanlin academician of the Fuwen Pavilion. Feng was most renowned for his learning.
52
兄開
Elder brother Kai
53
開，字天遊。 少好學，善屬文。 崇寧間登進士第，調真州司戶，累遷國子司業，擢起居舍人，權中書舍人。 掖垣草制，多所論駁，忤時相意，左遷太常少卿，責監大寧監鹽井，匹馬之官，不以自卑。 召還，時相復用事，監杭州市易務。 除直秘閣，知和州，徙知恩州。 請祠，得鴻慶宮，判南京國子監。 復為中書舍人，罷。 提舉洞霄宮。
Kai, styled Tianyou. As a youth he loved learning and was skilled at composition. During the Chongning era he passed the jinshi examination, was assigned as revenue recorder of Zhenzhou, was successively promoted to vice director of the Directorate of Education, elevated to diarist-attendant, and made acting Secretariat drafter. Drafting edicts in the secretariat, he often argued and rebutted, offending the chief minister. He was demoted to vice director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices and ordered to supervise salt wells at the Daning Directorate. He went to his post alone on horseback and did not consider himself debased. Recalled, when the chief minister again held power he supervised the Hangzhou Market Exchange Office. He was granted direct access to the Secretariat and appointed prefect of Hezhou, then transferred as prefect of Enzhou. He requested a temple post and received the Hongqing Abbey, serving as administrator of the Nanjing Directorate of Education. He again became Secretariat drafter and was then dismissed. He was made superintendent of the Dongxiao Abbey.
54
欽宗即位，除顯謨閣待制、提舉萬壽觀、知潁昌府，兼京西安撫使。 奪職，奉祠。 建炎初，復職，知潭州、湖南安撫使。 逾年求去，復得鴻慶宮，起知平江府、廣東經略安撫使。 奉詔駐潮陽招捕處寇，訖事，乃之鎮。 居二年，盡平群盜。 提舉太平觀。
When Emperor Qinzong ascended the throne, Kai was appointed Hanlin academician of the Xianmo Pavilion, superintendent of the Wanshou Abbey, prefect of Yingchang, and concurrent pacification commissioner of Jing West. His post was revoked and he received a temple stipend. At the beginning of Jianyan his post was restored and he was appointed prefect of Tanzhou and pacification commissioner of Hunan. After more than a year he requested leave and again received the Hongqing Abbey. He was recalled as prefect of Pingjiang and military commissioner and pacification commissioner of Guangdong. By imperial order he stationed at Chaoyang to recruit and suppress bandits. When the task was finished he went to his command. After two years he had completely pacified all the bandits. He was made superintendent of the Taiping Abbey.
55
復以中書舍人召，首論：「自古興衰撥亂之主，必有一定之論，然後能成功。 願講明大計，使議論一定，斷而必行，則功烈可與周宣侔矣。」 又論：「車駕撫巡東南，重兵所聚，限以大江，敵未易遽犯，其所窺伺者全蜀也。 一失其防，陛下不得高枕而臥矣。 願擇重臣與吳玠協力固護全蜀。」 屢請去，進寶文閣待制，知鎮江府兼沿江安撫使。
Again summoned as Secretariat drafter, he first argued: "From antiquity, rulers who rose or fell and quelled disorder always had a fixed plan before they could succeed. I hope the great plan will be clarified so debate is settled, decisions are made and carried out, and achievements can match those of King Xuan of Zhou." He also argued: "The imperial carriage pacifies the southeast where heavy forces gather, bounded by the great river—the enemy cannot easily attack suddenly. What they watch for is all of Shu. Once its defense is lost, Your Majesty will not be able to sleep peacefully. I hope a senior minister will be chosen to work with Wu Jie to firmly protect all of Shu." He repeatedly requested leave and was promoted to Hanlin academician of the Baowen Pavilion, prefect of Zhenjiang, and concurrent pacification commissioner along the river.
56
召為刑部侍郎。 言：「太祖懲五季尾大不掉之患，畿甸屯營，倍于天下，周廬宿衛，領以三衙。 今禁旅單弱，願參舊制增補之。」 帝悉嘉納。
He was summoned as vice minister of justice. He said: "Taizu remedied the affliction of the Five Dynasties when regional power grew too great to control. Garrison camps in the capital region were double those elsewhere, and palace guards were led by the Three Bureaus. Today the palace guard is thin and weak. I hope the old system will be consulted to strengthen it." The emperor fully praised and accepted this.
57
遷禮部侍郎兼直學士院。 時秦檜專主和議，開當草國書，辨視體制非是，論之，不聽，遂請罷，改兼侍讀。 檜嘗招開慰以溫言，且曰：「主上虛執政以待。」 開曰：「儒者所爭在義，苟為非義，高爵厚祿弗顧也。 願聞所以事敵之禮。」 檜曰：「若高麗之於本朝耳。」 開曰：「主上以聖德登大位，臣民之所推戴，列聖之所聽聞，公當強兵富國，尊主庇民，奈可自卑辱至此，非開所敢聞也。」 又引古誼以折之。 檜大怒曰：「侍郎知故事，檜獨不知耶？」 他日，開又至政事堂，問計果安出，檜曰：「聖意已定，尚何言！ 公自取大名而去，如檜，第欲濟國事耳。」 然猶以梓宮未還，母后、欽宗未復，詔侍從、臺諫集議以聞。 開上疏略曰：「但當修德立政，嚴於為備，以我之仁敵彼之不仁，以我之義敵彼之不義，以我之戒懼敵彼之驕泰，真積力久，如元氣固而病自消，大陽升而陰自散，不待屈己，陛下之志成矣。 不然，恐非在天之靈與太后、淵聖所望于陛下者也。」 檜曰：「此事大係安危。」 開曰：「今日不當說安危，只當論存亡。」 檜矍然。
He was transferred to vice minister of rites, concurrently serving in the Hanlin Academy. At that time Qin Hui monopolized advocacy of peace. When Kai was to draft the state letter, he found the format incorrect. He argued against it but was not heeded, so he requested dismissal and was changed to concurrent reader-in-waiting. Hui once summoned Kai and comforted him with kind words, saying: "The sovereign has left the executive post vacant awaiting you." Kai said: "What Confucians contend over is righteousness. If something is unrighteous, high rank and thick salary are not considered. I wish to hear what rites are used in dealing with the enemy." Hui said: "Like Goryeo toward our dynasty." Kai said: "The sovereign ascended the throne through sacred virtue, acclaimed by ministers and people and heard of by successive sages. You ought to strengthen the army and enrich the state, honor the ruler and protect the people—how can we humiliate ourselves to this extent? This is not something I dare to hear." He also cited ancient principles to refute him. Hui grew greatly angry and said: "The vice minister knows precedent—do I alone not know it?" Another day Kai again came to the chief council hall and asked where the plan truly came from. Hui said: "The sacred intent is already fixed—what more is there to say! You take a great reputation and leave. As for me, I only wish to aid the affairs of state." Yet because the late emperor's coffin had not returned and the empress dowager and Emperor Qinzong had not been restored, an edict ordered attendants and censorial officials to gather for discussion and report. Kai submitted a memorial stating in part: "We need only cultivate virtue and establish governance, be strict in preparation, oppose their lack of benevolence with our benevolence, their lack of righteousness with our righteousness, their arrogance with our caution. Truly accumulate strength over time—like vital energy firming so illness dispels itself, the great yang rising so yin scatters—without bowing, Your Majesty's intent will be fulfilled. Otherwise I fear this is not what the spirits in Heaven and the empress dowager and Emperor Qinzong hope for from Your Majesty." Hui said: "This matter greatly concerns safety and danger." Kai said: "Today we should not speak of safety and danger—we should speak only of survival and extinction." Hui started in alarm.
58
會樞密編修胡銓上封事，痛詆檜，極稱開，由是罷，以寶文閣待制知婺州。 開言：「議論妄發，實緣國事。」 力請歸。 檜議奪職，同列以為不可，提舉太平觀、知徽州。 以病免，居閑十餘年。 黃達如請籍和議同異為士大夫升黜，即擢達如監察御史，首劾開，褫職。 引年請還政，僅復秘閣修撰，卒，年七十一。 檜死，始復待制，盡還致仕遺表恩數。
When Bureau of Military Affairs compiler Hu Quan submitted a sealed memorial fiercely denouncing Hui and greatly praising Kai, Kai was dismissed and made Hanlin academician of the Baowen Pavilion and prefect of Wuzhou. Kai said: "Reckless speech in debate truly stems from affairs of state." He forcefully requested to return home. Hui proposed stripping his post, but colleagues held this unacceptable. Kai was made superintendent of the Taiping Abbey and prefect of Huizhou. Excused on grounds of illness, he lived in retirement for more than ten years. Huang Daru requested that agreement or disagreement with peace talks be registered for the promotion and dismissal of scholar-officials. Daru was immediately promoted to investigating censor and first impeached Kai, stripping his post. Citing his age he requested return of office and was restored only as Hanlin academician compiler. He died at seventy-one. When Hui died, Kai's Hanlin academician standing was restored and all the favors from his retirement memorial were fully returned.
59
開孝友厚族，信于朋友。 其守歷陽也，從遊酢學，日讀《論語》，求諸言而不得，則反求諸心，每有會意，欣然忘食。 其留南京，劉安世一見如舊，定交終身。 故立朝遇事，臨大節而不可奪，師友淵源，固有所自云。
Kai was filial and friendly, generous to his clan, and trusted among friends. When he governed Liyang he studied under You Zuo, reading the Analects daily. Seeking it in words and not finding it, he turned back to seek it in the heart. Whenever he grasped the meaning he forgot eating in delight. When he stayed in Nanjing, Liu Anshi at one meeting was like an old friend, and they formed a bond for life. Therefore in court when great integrity was tested he could not be swayed—the deep sources of his teachers and friends indeed had their origin.
60
勾濤，字景山，成都新繁人。 登崇寧二年進士第，調嘉州法掾、川陝鑄錢司屬官。 建炎初，通判黔州。 田祐恭兵道境上，濤白守，燕勞之，祐恭感恩厲下，郡得以無犯。 湖湘賊王辟破秭歸，桑仲、郭守忠攻茶務箭窠砦，將犯夔門。 夔兵素單弱，宣司檄祐恭捍禦，濤帥黔兵佐之，賊潰去。 宣撫張浚奏濤知巴州，不赴。
Gou Tao, styled Jingshan, came from Xinfan in Chengdu. He passed the jinshi examination in the second year of Chongning and was assigned as legal assistant in Jiazhou and staff officer in the Sichuan-Shaanxi coinage directorate. At the beginning of Jianyan he was vice prefect of Qianzhou. Tian Yougong's troops passed through the border. Tao informed the prefect and entertained Yougong. Yougong was grateful and disciplined his men, so the prefecture was not violated. Bandits in Hunan and Hubei—Wang Pi broke Zigui; Sang Zhong and Guo Shouzhong attacked the tea office fort—were about to invade Kuimen. Kuai forces had always been thin and weak. The pacification commission ordered Yougong to defend. Tao led Qian troops to assist and the bandits fled in defeat. Pacification Commissioner Zhang Jun memorialized to appoint Tao prefect of Bazhou, but he did not go.
61
翰林侍讀學士范沖薦，召見，論五事，除兵部郎中。 七年，遷右司郎官兼校正。 日食，上言。 八月，遷起居舍人，以足疾，命閣門賜墩待班。 九月，兼權中書舍人。
Hanlin reader-in-waiting Fan Chong recommended him. Summoned for audience, he discussed five matters and was appointed director in the Ministry of War. In the seventh year he was transferred to director in the Right Bureau, concurrently serving as collator. At a solar eclipse he submitted a memorial. In the eighth month he was transferred to diarist-attendant. Because of a foot ailment, the Gate Office was ordered to grant him a cushion for waiting in court. In the ninth month he was concurrently appointed acting Secretariat drafter.
62
時沿邊久宿兵，江、浙罷於饋餉，荊、襄、淮、楚多曠土，濤因進羊祜屯田故事，事下諸大將，於是邊方議行屯田。 淮西都統制劉光世乞罷，丞相張浚欲以呂祉代之，濤謂：「祉疏庸淺謀，必敗事，莫若就擇將士素所推服者用之，否則劉錡可。」 浚不納，祉至，果以輕易失士心，未幾，酈瓊叛，祉死於亂。 浚聞之，夜半召濤愧謝。
Troops had long been stationed on the frontier; Jiang and Zhe were exhausted by supply; Jing, Xiang, Huai, and Chu had much idle land. Tao presented Yang Hu's frontier-farming precedent, the matter went to the great generals, and the frontier then debated military colonies. Huai West chief commander Liu Guangshi asked to be relieved. Chief Minister Zhang Jun wished to replace him with Lü Zhi. Tao said: "Zhi is shallow and mediocre—he will surely fail. Better to choose a general already trusted; otherwise Liu Qi would do." Jun refused. When Zhi arrived he lost the soldiers' hearts through casual conduct. Before long Li Qiong rebelled and Zhi died in the turmoil. When Jun heard he summoned Tao at midnight and apologized in shame.
63
時帝駐蹕建康，欲亟還臨安。 濤入見曰：「今江、淮列戍十餘萬，苟付託得人，可無憂顧。 適此危疑，詎宜輕退，以啟敵心。」 因薦劉錡。 帝即命以其眾鎮合肥。 川、陝宣撫使吳玠言都轉運使李迨朘刻賞格，迨亦奏玠苛費，帝以問濤。 濤曰：「玠忠在西蜀，縱費，寧可核？ 第移迨他路可爾。」 帝然之。
The emperor was encamped at Jiankang and wished to hurry back to Lin'an. Tao entered audience and said: "More than a hundred thousand troops stand guard along the Jiang and Huai. Entrusted to the right men, there need be no worry. At this moment of crisis, how can we lightly withdraw and stir the enemy's heart?" He thereupon recommended Liu Qi. The emperor immediately ordered Liu Qi's forces to garrison Hefei. Sichuan-Shaanxi Pacification Commissioner Wu Jie reported that transport commissioner Li Yi was harsh in reward regulations; Yi also memorialized that Jie was wasteful. The emperor asked Tao. Tao said: "Jie is loyal in western Shu. Even if he spends lavishly, how can we audit him? Simply transfer Yi to another circuit." The emperor agreed.
64
會金人廢劉豫，金、房鎮撫使郭浩遣其弟沔奏事。 濤察沔警敏可仗，乞詔諭陝右諸叛將乘機南歸，帝命濤草詔，沔持以往，聞者流涕。 十二月，除中書舍人。
When the Jin abolished Liu Yu, Jin-Fang Pacification Commissioner Guo Hao sent his younger brother Bian to report affairs. Tao saw Bian was alert and capable. He asked that an edict instruct Shaanxi rebel generals to seize the moment and return south. The emperor ordered Tao to draft the edict; Bian carried it forth, and those who heard wept. In the twelfth month he was appointed Secretariat drafter.
65
八年，除史館修撰。 重修《哲宗實錄》，帝諭之曰：「昭慈聖獻皇后病革，朕流涕問所欲言，後愴然謂朕曰：『吾逮事宣仁聖烈皇后，見其任賢使能，約己便民，憂勤宗社，疏遠外家，古今母后無與為比。 不幸姦邪罔上，史官蔡卞等同惡相濟，造謗史以損聖德，誰不切齒！ 在天之靈亦或介介。 其以筆屬正臣，亟從刪削，以信來世。』 朕痛念遺訓，未嘗一日輒忘，今以命卿。」 濤奏：「數十年來，宰相不學無術，邪正貿亂，所以姦臣子孫得逞其私智，幾亂裕陵成書。 非賴陛下聖明，則任申必先有過嶺之謫，臣亦恐復蹈媒蘖之禍。」 帝慰勉之。 六月，《實錄》成，進一秩，就館賜宴。 復修《徽宗實錄》，以中書舍人呂本中為薦，丞相趙鼎諭旨宜婉辭紀載。 濤曰：「崇寧、大觀大臣誤國，以稔今禍，藉有隱諱，如天下野史何？」
In the eighth year he was appointed compiler of the Historiography Institute. Revising the Veritable Records of Emperor Zhezong, the emperor instructed him: "When Empress Zhaoci Shengxian was critically ill, I wept and asked what she wished to say. The empress said with sorrow: 'I served Empress Xuanren Shengli and saw her employ the worthy, restrain herself to benefit the people, labor for the altars of state, and keep her maternal kin at a distance—no empress in history compares. Unfortunate wicked men deceived the throne; historiographer Cai Bian and others aided evil, fabricating slanderous histories to damage sacred virtue—who did not grind their teeth! The spirit in Heaven too may be troubled. Entrust the brush to upright ministers and quickly delete and cut, to be trusted by posterity. I cherish this final instruction and have never forgotten it for a single day. Now I entrust this to you." Tao memorialized: "For decades chief ministers have been unlearned; the wicked and upright have been confused. Therefore the sons of treacherous ministers nearly ruined the completed book at Yuling. Had it not been for Your Majesty's sagacity, Ren Shen would first have been exiled beyond the Ling range, and I too would have feared falling into slander again." The emperor comforted and encouraged him. In the sixth month the Veritable Records were completed. He was promoted one rank and granted a banquet at the institute. He again revised the Veritable Records of Emperor Huizong. On Lü Benzhong's recommendation, Chief Minister Zhao Ding instructed that the account should use mild language. Tao said: "The chief ministers of Chongning and Daguan misled the state and ripened today's disaster. If we conceal this, what of the unofficial histories under Heaven?"
66
七月，除給事中。 求去，以徽猷閣待制知池州，改提舉江州太平觀。 俄除荊湖北路安撫使、知潭州。 秦檜嘗令人諭意，欲與共政，濤以書謝之。 檜諷言劾之，不報。
In the seventh month he was appointed supervising secretary. He requested leave and was made Hanlin academician of the Huiyou Pavilion and prefect of Chizhou, then changed to superintendent of the Taiping Abbey at Jiangzhou. Soon he was appointed pacification commissioner of Jing-Hu North and prefect of Tanzhou. Qin Hui once sent someone to convey his intent, wishing to share power with Tao. Tao declined in a letter. Hui hinted that critics should impeach him, but no report was issued.
67
濤上書論時事之害政者：「大臣密諭王倫變易地界，一也； 蔡攸之妻近居臨平，咫尺行都，略不畏避，二也； 小大之臣，凡在謫籍，皆已甄敘，惡如京、黼，尚蒙寬宥，今待從之臣，初無大過，理宜牽復，三也； 河南故地復歸中國，新附之民，延頸德澤，承流之寄，當加精選，四也； 臺諫為耳目之司，今宰相引援，皆同舍之舊，倚為鷹犬，五也。」 帝歎其忠直，賜以繒彩、茶藥，且令事有大於此者，悉以聞。 秩滿，提舉太平觀。
Tao submitted a memorial on current affairs harmful to governance: "First, chief ministers secretly instructed Wang Lun to alter territorial boundaries; second, Cai You's wife recently lives at Linping, a stone's throw from the mobile court, showing no fear at all; third, ministers on the demotion register have all been restored while the wicked like Jing and Fu still receive leniency—yet attendants with no great fault should be restored; fourth, old Henan has returned to China and newly attached people stretch their necks for grace—those carrying it should be carefully chosen; fifth, the censorate is the court's eyes and ears, yet the chief minister fills it with old academy classmates used as hunting hawks." The emperor sighed at his loyalty, granted him silk, tea, and medicine, and ordered that greater matters be reported. When his term ended he was made superintendent of the Taiping Abbey.
68
十一年，帝謂秦檜曰：「勾濤久閑，性喜泉石，可進職與一山水近郡。」 檜對：「永嘉有天臺、雁蕩之勝。」 帝曰：「永嘉太遠，其以湖州命之。」 俄以疾卒，年五十九。 遺表聞，帝震悼，顧近臣曰：「勾濤死矣，惜哉！」 贈左太中大夫。
In the eleventh year the emperor told Qin Hui: "Gou Tao has long been idle and loves mountains and streams—promote him and give him a scenic prefecture." Hui replied: "Yongjia has Tiantai and Yandang." The emperor said: "Yongjia is too far—appoint him to Huzhou." Soon he died of illness at fifty-nine. When his final memorial was received the emperor was shaken with grief: "Gou Tao is dead—what a pity! He was posthumously granted Left Grandee of Palace Attendance.
69
濤身長七尺，風貌偉然，頗以忠亮自許。 國有大議，帝必委心延訪，往復酬詰，率漏下數刻始罷。 料邊情如在目前，知名之士多所薦進。 有文集十卷，《西掖制書》十卷，奏議十卷。
Tao stood seven feet tall with an imposing bearing and prided himself on loyalty and integrity. When the state faced great deliberations the emperor always consulted Tao at length; questioning often lasted until several marks after the water clock drained. He gauged frontier conditions as if before his eyes and recommended many renowned men. He left ten fascicles of collected works, ten fascicles of Western Secretariat Drafts, and ten fascicles of memorials.
70
李彌遜
Li Mixun
71
李彌遜，字似之，蘇州吳縣人。 弱冠，以上舍登大觀三年第，調單州司戶，再調陽穀簿。 政和四年，除國朝會要所檢閱文字。 引見，特遷校書郎，充編修六典校閱，累官起成郎。 以封事剴切，貶知盧山縣，改奉嵩山祠。 廢斥隱居者八載。
Li Mixun, styled Sizhi, came from Wuxian in Suzhou. In his early twenties, as an upper-hall graduate he passed in the third year of Daguan, was assigned as revenue clerk of Shanzhou, then transferred as registrar of Yanggu. In the fourth year of Zhenghe he was appointed collator of texts in the Institute for Compilation of State Documents. Summoned for audience he was specially made collator, appointed compiler-reviewer of the Six Codes, and successively promoted to Gentleman for Attending to Affairs. Because his sealed memorial was incisive he was demoted to prefect of Lushan and changed to superintendent of the Songshan Temple. He lived in dismissed seclusion for eight years.
72
宣和末，知冀州。 金人犯河朔，諸郡皆驚備，彌遜損金帛，致勇士，修城堞，決河護塹，邀擊其遊騎，斬首甚眾。 兀術北還，戒師毋犯其城。
At the end of Xuanhe he was prefect of Jizhou. When the Jin invaded Hebei all prefectures were alarmed. Mixun reduced gold and silk to recruit brave men, repaired walls, cut the river to protect the moat, intercepted roaming cavalry, and beheaded many. When Wuzhu returned north he warned his troops not to attack the city.
73
改淮南運副。 後奉興國宮祠，知饒州，召對，首奏「當堅定規模，排斥姦言」。 又謂：「朝廷一日無事，幸一日之安，一月無事，幸一月之安，欲求終歲之安，已不可得，況能定天下大計乎？」 帝嘉其讜直。 輔臣有不悅者，以直寶文閣知吉州。 陛辭，帝曰：「朕欲留卿，大臣欲重試卿民事，行召卿矣。」
He was changed to vice transport commissioner of Huainan. Later he received the Xingguo Temple post and was prefect of Raozhou. Summoned to audience he first memorialized that the court must establish a fixed plan and reject wicked speech. He also said: "One day without trouble means one day's peace; one month without trouble means one month's peace. Peace for a whole year is already impossible—how much less fixing the great plan under Heaven?" The emperor praised his blunt loyalty. Some chief ministers were displeased and he was made direct access to the Baowen Pavilion and prefect of Jizhou. At his farewell audience the emperor said: "I wished to keep you, but the chief ministers want to test you further in civil administration—you will soon be recalled."
74
七年秋，遷起居郎。 彌遜自政和末以上封事得貶，垂二十年，及復居是職，直前論事，鯁切如初。 冬，試中書舍人，奏六事曰：「固蕃維以禦外侮，嚴禁衛以尊朝廷，練兵以壯國勢，節用以備軍食，收民心以固根本，擇守帥以責實效。」 時駐蹕未定，有旨料舟給卒以濟宮人。 彌遜繳奏曰：「六飛雷動，百司豫嚴，時方孔艱，宜以宗社為心，不宜於內幸細故，更勤聖慮，事雖至微，懼傷大體。」 帝嘉納之。 試戶部侍郎。
In the autumn of the seventh year he was transferred to diarist-attendant. Mixun had been demoted for his sealed memorial at the end of Zhenghe; nearly twenty years passed before he again held this post, yet he spoke as sharply as at first. In winter he was examined for Secretariat drafter and memorialized six items: strengthen frontier defenses, tighten the palace guard, drill troops, economize expenditures, win hearts, and choose prefects and commanders for real results. The imperial encampment was not yet fixed; an edict ordered boats and soldiers prepared to ferry palace women. Mixun returned the memorial: "Times are extremely hard. The court should take the altars of state to heart and not trouble the sacred mind over inner attendants. Though tiny, I fear it injures the larger frame." The emperor praised and accepted this. He was examined for vice minister of revenue.
75
秦檜再相，惟彌遜與吏部侍郎晏敦復有憂色。 八年，彌遜上疏乞外甚力，詔不允。 趙鼎罷相，檜專國，贊帝決策通和。 金國遣烏陵思謀等入界，索禮甚悖，軍民皆不平，人言紛紛。 檜於御榻前求去，欲要決意屈己從和。 樞密院編修官胡銓上疏乞斬檜，校書郎范如圭以書責檜曲學背師，忘仇辱國，禮部侍郎曾開抗聲引古誼以折檜，相繼貶逐。
When Qin Hui became chief minister again, only Mixun and Vice Minister of Personnel Yan Dunfu wore worried expressions. In the eighth year Mixun memorialized forcefully requesting an outer appointment; the edict was not granted. When Zhao Ding was dismissed, Hui monopolized the state and urged peace. The Jin sent Wanyan Simo and others across the border, demanding rites arrogantly. Soldiers and civilians were indignant and talk was heated. Hui asked to resign before the imperial couch, seeking to force submission to peace. Hu Quan asked that Hui be executed; Fan Rugui rebuked Hui for perverse learning and shaming the state; Zeng Kai cited ancient principles to refute him—they were successively demoted.
76
彌遜請對，言金使之請和，欲行君臣之禮，有大不可。 帝以為然，詔廷臣大議，即日入奏。 彌遜手疏力言：「陛下受金人空言，未有一毫之得，乃欲輕祖宗之付託，屈身委命，自同下國而尊奉之，倒持太阿，授人以柄，危國之道，而謂之和可乎？ 借使金人姑從吾欲，假以目前之安，異時一有無厭之求，意外之欲，從之則害吾社稷之計，不從則釁端復開，是今日徒有屈身之辱，而後患未已。」 又言：「陛下率國人以事仇，將何以責天下忠臣義士之氣？」 力陳不可者三。
Mixun requested audience and said the Jin envoys wished to impose rites between ruler and subject—greatly unacceptable. The emperor agreed and ordered a great court deliberation with memorials that same day. Mixun submitted a handwritten memorial: "Your Majesty accepts empty Jin words and gains nothing—yet wishes to set aside ancestral trust, humble yourself like a lesser state, hold the sword reversed and hand others the handle. This endangers the state—can it be called peace? Even if the Jin temporarily yielded, later insatiable demands would force a choice: yielding harms our altars while refusing reopens conflict—today's humiliation would never end." He also said: "If Your Majesty leads the people to serve the enemy, how will you charge loyal men with maintaining their spirit?" He forcefully set forth three reasons why this could not be done.
77
檜嘗邀彌遜至私第，曰：「政府方虛員，苟和好無異議，當以兩地相浼。」 答曰：「彌遜受國恩深厚，何敢見利忘義。 顧今日之事，國人皆不以為然，獨有一去可報相公。」 檜默然。 次日，彌遜再上疏，言愈切直，又言：「送伴使揣摩迎合，不恤社稷，乞別選忠信之人，協濟國事。」 檜大怒。 彌遜引疾，帝諭大臣留之。 時和議已決，附會其說者，至謂「向使明州時，主上雖百拜亦不問」，議論靡然。 賴彌遜廷爭，檜雖不從，亦憚公論。 再與金使者計，議和不受封冊，如宰相就館見金使，受其書納入禁中，多所降殺，惟君臣之禮不得盡爭。
Hui invited Mixun to his residence: "Government posts are vacant. If peace raises no objection, I will recommend you for two offices." He answered: "I have received deep national grace—how dare I see profit and forget righteousness. As for today's affair, the people all disapprove. I have only departure with which to repay you." Hui fell silent. The next day Mixun again submitted a memorial even more bluntly, asking that other loyal men be chosen instead of fawning escort envoys. Hui grew greatly angry. Mixun pleaded illness; the emperor instructed the chief ministers to keep him. Peace was decided; supporters even said, "Even if at Mingzhou the sovereign had bowed a hundred times it would not have mattered"—opinion swirled. Thanks to Mixun's court debate, though Hui did not yield he feared public opinion. Negotiating again, peace was agreed without investiture documents; the chief minister visited the envoys at their lodge and brought their letter into the palace—with many reductions, though ruler-subject rites could not be fully contested.
78
九年春，再上疏乞歸田，以徽猷閣直學士知端州，改知漳州。 十年，歸隱連江西山。 是歲，兀術分四道入侵，明年，又侵淮西，取壽春，竟如彌遜言。
In the spring of the ninth year he again requested retirement and was made direct Hanlin academician of the Huiyou Pavilion and prefect of Duanzhou, then changed to Zhangzhou. In the tenth year he retired to the mountains of Lianxi. That year Wuzhu invaded in four columns; the next year he invaded Huai West and took Shouchun—exactly as Mixun had said.
79
十二年，檜乘金兵既敗，收諸路兵，復通和好，追仇向者盡言之臣，嗾言者論彌遜與趙鼎、王庶、曾開四人同沮和議。 於是彌遜落職，十餘年間不通時相書，不請磨勘，不乞任子，不序封爵，以終其身，常憂國，無怨懟意。 二十三年，卒。 朝廷思其忠節，詔復敷文閣待制。 有奏議三卷，外制二卷，《議古》三卷，詩十卷。 弟彌大。
In the twelfth year, after the Jin army was defeated Hui restored peace and pursued those who had spoken out. Instigators memorialized that Mixun, Zhao Ding, Wang Shu, and Zeng Kai had jointly obstructed peace. Mixun lost his post and, for more than a decade, wrote no letters to the chief ministers, sought no merit review, no appointments for his sons, and no ennoblement—living quietly to the end. He still grieved for the realm and never nursed a grudge. He died in the twenty-third year. Remembering his loyalty, the court restored his title of Hanlin Attendant Drafting Gentleman. His writings included three fascicles of memorials, two of external edicts, three of Discourse on Antiquity, and ten of poetry. He had a younger brother, Mida.
80
弟彌大
Younger brother Mida
81
彌大，字似矩，登崇寧三年進士第。 以大臣薦召對，除校書郎，遷監察御史。 假太常少卿充契丹賀正旦使。 時傳聞燕民欲歸漢，徽宗遣彌大覘之。 使還，奏所聞有二：「或謂彼主淫刑滅親，種類畔離，女真侵迫，國勢危殆為可取； 或謂下詔罪己，擢用耆舊，招赦盜賊，國尚有人未可取； 莫若聽其自相攻並。」 遷起居郎，試中書舍人，同修國史。
Mida, styled Simu, earned his jinshi degree in Chongning 3. Recommended by a grand minister, he was called to audience, made Proofreader, and later promoted to Investigating Censor. As acting Vice Director of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices he went as envoy to offer New Year congratulations to the Khitan. When word spread that the people of Yan wanted to rejoin the Song, Huizong dispatched Mida to reconnoiter. Returning, he reported two views: "Some hold that their ruler inflicts cruel punishments and alienates his kin, the tribes are split, Jurchen pressure is mounting, and the realm is near collapse—so it may be seized; others say he has blamed himself in an edict, elevated elders, pardoned rebels, and the country still has loyal men—not yet ripe for conquest; best to let them tear one another apart." He was made Diarist, served provisionally as Secretariat Drafting Gentleman, and helped compile the national history.
82
童貫宣撫永興，走馬承受白鍔恃貫不報師期，朝廷止從薄責。 彌大繳奏，以為邊報不至，非朝廷福。 鍔坐除名，彌大亦出知光州。 移知鄂州。 召為給事中兼校正御前文籍詳定官，拜禮部侍郎。
When Tong Guan pacified Yongxing, his mounted courier Bai E, shielded by Guan, did not report the army timetable; the court punished him lightly. Mida protested in a sealed memorial that missing frontier reports boded ill for the dynasty. Bai E was dismissed from office, and Mida too was posted out as prefect of Guangzhou. He was later transferred to Ezhou. Recalled as Supervising Censor and archive corrector, he was appointed Vice Minister of Rites.
83
金人大舉入侵，李綱定城守之策，命彌大為參議，與綱不合，罷。 未幾，除刑部尚書。 初，朝廷許割三鎮畀金人，既而遣种師道、師中援河北，姚古援河東，彌大上疏乞起河東西境麟、府諸郡及陝西兵以濟古之師，起河東路及京東近郡兵以濟師道、師中之師，為腹背攻劫之圖。 遂除彌大河東宣撫副使。 張師正領勝捷軍敗於河東，潰歸，彌大誅之。 復遣餘卒援真定，餘卒叛。
During the great Jurchen invasion Li Gang chose to hold the capital and made Mida a deliberation officer; they clashed and Mida was removed. Soon after he became Minister of Justice. The court had promised the three prefectures to the Jurchens, then sent Zhong Shidao and Shi Zhong to Hebei and Yao Gu to Hedong. Mida urged raising frontier forces from Qin, Fu, and Shaanxi to help Gu, and Hedong and nearby Jingdong troops to help Shidao and Shi Zhong—for a pincer attack. Mida was then made deputy pacification commissioner of Hedong. Zhang Shizheng led the Shengjie Army to defeat in Hedong and fled in disorder; Mida had him put to death. He sent the survivors to relieve Zhending, but they rebelled.
84
宣撫罷，命彌大知陝州。 河東破，小將李彥先來謁，言軍事，彌大壯之，留為將，戍崤、澠間以遏敵。 詔遣使召援，彌大未敢進。 會永興帥范致虛糺兵勤王，檄彌大充諸道計議。 行至方城，道阻，乃率眾赴大元帥府。
After the pacification post was abolished, he was assigned to govern Shaanzhou. After Hedong collapsed, the young officer Li Yan came to report on military affairs; Mida admired him, retained him as a commander, and posted him between Xiao and Mian to hold the enemy. Imperial envoys called for relief troops, yet Mida hesitated to move forward. Yongxing commander Fan Zhixu rallied troops for the throne and named Mida coordinator of the various routes. At Fangcheng the road was blocked, so he marched his force to the grand marshal command.
85
建炎元年，除知淮寧府。 到郡未幾，杜用等夜叛，彌大縋城出，賊散乃還，坐貶秩。 尋召為吏部侍郎。 帝如杭州，命權紹興府，試戶部尚書兼侍讀。 呂頤浩視師，以彌大為參謀官。 彌大奏：「王導、謝安為都督，未嘗離朝廷，今邊圉幸無他，頤浩不宜輕動。」 又言：「已為天子從官，非宰相可辟。 乞于諸軍悉置軍正，如漢朝故事，以察官、郎官為之。 陛下必欲留臣，當別為一司，伺察頤浩過失。」 忤旨，出知平江府。
In Jianyan 1 he became prefect of Huaining. Not long after he took office, Du Yong mutinied at night; Mida escaped over the wall by rope and returned once the rebels broke up, but was reduced in rank. He was soon recalled as Vice Minister of Personnel. When the emperor moved to Hangzhou, Mida was made acting prefect of Shaoxing and provisional Minister of Revenue and Attendant Reader. Lu Yihao inspected the armies and made Mida his staff officer. Mida wrote: "When Wang Dao and Xie An served as grand marshals they never left the capital; with the border quiet for now, Yihao ought not march lightly." He added: "I am already the emperor's personal attendant—not an official a prime minister may simply conscript. He urged that each army receive a military inspector, as in Han practice, chosen from court and department officials. If Your Majesty must keep me, let a separate office monitor Yihao's errors." The memorial angered the throne and he was posted to Pingjiang.
86
中丞沈與求劾彌大謀間君臣，妄自尊大，奪職歸。 起知靜江府，奏廣西邊防利害。 入為工部尚書。 未幾，罷去。 廣西提刑韓璜劾其在靜江日斷強盜死罪，引絞入斬，貶兩秩。 紹興十年卒，年六十一。
Censor Shen Yuqiu accused Mida of driving a wedge between sovereign and minister and of arrogance; he was dismissed and sent home. Later made prefect of Jingjiang, he submitted a memorial on Guangxi frontier strengths and risks. He returned to court as Minister of Works. He was removed again before long. Guangxi intendant Han Huang charged that at Jingjiang he had upgraded a robber's sentence from strangulation to decapitation; Mida was demoted two ranks. He died in Shaoxing 10, at sixty-one.
87
論曰：宋既南渡，日以徽宗梓宮及韋后為念。 秦檜主和，甘心屈己。 張燾連章論列，謀深慮遠，其言取必於天，豈忘宗社之仇哉，亦曰相時而動耳！ 惜其利澤專於蜀也。 黃中不黨不阿，明察料敵，立朝忠實，退不忘君。 道夫受知張浚，憂國而不為身謀。 曾幾積學潔行，風節凜凜，陳嘗膽枕戈之言，以贊親征，亦壯矣哉！ 勾濤直節正論，不受檜私，潔身歸老。 彌遜、曾開同沮和議，廢絀以沒，無怨懟心，所謂臨大節而不可奪者歟！
The historians observe: Once the Song fled south, the court never ceased to think of Huizong's coffin and Empress Wei. Qin Hui led the peace faction and willingly abased himself. Zhang Dao's repeated memorials were deeply considered; he spoke as if seeking Heaven's verdict—yet had he forgotten the nation's wrong? He too meant to move with the moment! Regrettably, his good deeds benefited Shu alone. Huang Zhong was independent and unyielding, read the enemy shrewdly, served loyally in office, and in retirement still remembered his ruler. Daofu gained Zhang Jun's confidence and put the nation ahead of personal gain. Zeng Ji's scholarship and rectitude were rigorous; his call to taste gall and sleep on spears in support of the emperor's expedition was truly stirring! Gou Tao spoke with straight principle, took no private favor from Hui, and withdrew to live honorably in old age. Mixun and Zeng Kai both resisted peace, were cast out and died in obscurity, yet never complained—men whom no crisis could break!