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湯璹蔣重珍牟子才朱貔孫歐陽守道
Tang Shu, Jiang Zhongzhen, Mou Zicai, Zhu Pisun, and Ouyang Shoudao
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湯璹，字君保，瀏陽人。 淳熙十四年進士，調徳安府學教授，轉三省樞密院架閣，遷國子博士。 時召朱熹為侍講，未幾辭歸，朝廷從其請，予祠，璹上疏言：「熹以正學為講官，四方顒望，其有啓沃之益； 曾未踰時，輙聴其去，必駭物論，宜追召熹還，仍授講職。」 疏上不報，由是浸惡權相意，而璹之直聲亦大聞於時。 歴禮部、駕部二郎官，出知常州，入為大理少卿，進直徽猷閣，卒。 璹負直槩，與韓侂胄、陳自強不合，故屢嗾言者中傷。 璹生平奉祠閒居之日多於揚歴，其在禮曹，例掌三省奏記，臨安大火，寧宗遇災，避正殿，中書三表請復，不許，璹屬辭，務持大體，不為阿曲，言者摭其語涉訕上，而朝廷實知其無他，故起復制詞有「清風峻節」之語。 璹嘗擇壻，得蔣重珍，後舉進士第一。 蔣重珍，字良貴，無錫人。 嘉定十六年進士第一，簽判建康軍。 丁母憂，改昭慶軍，尋以公事，與部使者異議，請祠，易簽判奉國軍。 紹定二年，召入對，首以自天子至於庶人所當先知者，本心、外物二者之界限為言，界限明，則知有天下治亂而已，何樂其尊； 知有生民休戚而已，何樂其奉。 且論：「苞苴有昔所未有之物，故吾民罹昔所未有之害； 苞苴有不可勝窮之費，故吾民有不可勝窮之憂。」 遷祕書省正字，屢乞祠，以伯父䘮，予告，遷校書郎，辭，不可。 明年，待命霅川，移文閣門請對，當路憚之，添差通判鎮江府，辭，會行都火，應詔曰：「臣頃進本心外物界限之說，蓋欲陛下親攬大柄，不退託於人，盡破恩私，求無愧於己。 儻以富貴之私視之，一言一動，不忘其私，則是以天下生靈、社稷宗廟之事為輕； 而以一身富貴之所從來為重，不惟上負天命與先帝、聖母至于公卿百執事之所以望陛下者，亦不如此也。 昔周勃今日握璽授文帝，是夜即以宋昌領南北軍； 霍光今年定䇿立宣帝，而明年稽首歸政。 今臨御八年，未聞有所作為，進退人才，興廢政事，天下皆曰：『此丞相意』，一時恩怨，雖歸廟堂，異日治亂，實在陛下焉。 有為天之子，為人之主，而自朝廷達於天下皆言相而不言君哉？ 天之所以火宗廟、火都城者，殆以此。 臣所以痛心者，九廟至重，事如生存，而徹小塗大，不防於火之未至，宰相之居，華屋廣袤，而焦頭爛額獨全於火之未然，亦足以見人心䧟溺，知有權勢，不知有君父矣！ 他有變故，何所倚仗？ 陛下自視，不亦孤乎！ 昔史浩兩入相，才五月，或九月即罷，孝宗之報功，寧有窮已，顧如此其亟，何哉？ 保全功臣之道，可厚以富貴，不可久以權也。」 上讀之感動，授寳章閣，主管雲臺觀，則告吏部，不受貼職祿，不願貼職恩。 它日，星變求言，復申前說。 又慮柄臣或果去位，君心易縱，大權旁落，則進《為君難》六箴。 召為祕書郎，兼莊文府教授。 端平初，入對，上五事，且曰：「隠蔽君徳，昔咎故相，故臣得以專詆權臣； 昭明君徳，今在陛下，故臣得以責難君父。 乞召真徳秀、魏了翁用之。」 帝謂之曰：「人主之職無他，惟辨君子小人。」 重珍對曰：「小人亦指君子為小人，此為難辨，人主當精擇人望，處之要津，正論日聞，則必知君子姓名，小人情狀矣。」 兼崇政殿說書，戒家事勿以白，務積精神以寤上意，每草奏，齋心盛服，有密啟，則手書削槀，帝稱其平實。 遷著作佐郎。 邉帥以《八陵圖》來上，詔百官集議，重珍言：「史嵩之既失相位，危於幕巢，猶欲邀功自固其位，請擇賢帥，如漢用充國，使之親至邉境，審度事勢，條上便宜。」 丞相主出師關洛，重珍力爭，會邉帥議和戰不一，復召集議，重珍奏：「曩乞専意備守，不得已則用應兵，今不敢變前說。」 不聴，遂自劾以密勿清光，乃不能遏兵端，乞免說書職。 遷著作郎，兼權司封郎官、起居舍人，言：「近者當侍講席，旋命止之，或曰是日道流生朝。 夫輟講，偶以他故，則當知聖躬舉措之難，或所傳果得其實，則當知聖心持守之難。」 帝曰：「非卿，不聞此言。」 闗洛師大衂，復進兵，重珍言：「若恥敗而欲勝之，則心不平而成忿，氣不平而成怒，生靈之命，豈可以忿怒用哉？」 又言：「邇来用臺諫，頗主不必矯激之説，似畏剛方太過之士。 竊窺選用之意，正謂其平易而省事耳！ 然數月之間，一失於某，再失於某，借曰慎重臺綱，而憂其激，亦當以平正者居之。」 又論禁旅貧弱，教習頻嚴，輙不能堪，不稍變通，非消變之道。 兼國史院編修官、實錄院檢討官，言：「更化以來，舊𡚁未去者五：徇私、調停、覆護、姑息、依違是也。 今又益之以輕易。」 遷起居郎，以疾求去，以集英殿修撰，知安吉州，權刑部侍郎，三辭，不許，自劾其不能取信朝廷之罪，乞鐫斥，置閒散，促覲愈力，而疾不可起，詔守刑部侍郎致仕，贈朝請大夫，謚「忠文」。
Tang Shu, whose style name was Junbao, came from Liuyang. He passed the jinshi examination in the fourteenth year of Chunxi (1187), was assigned as professor at the De'an Prefecture school, transferred to oversee the Three Departments and Privy Council archives, and was promoted to doctor of the Imperial Academy. At that time Zhu Xi was summoned as court lecturer. Before long he asked to leave and return home, and the court granted his request and gave him a temple appointment. Shu submitted a memorial saying, "Xi, serving as lecturer on orthodox learning, was eagerly awaited throughout the realm and would have benefited the throne through loyal counsel; yet before much time had passed he was allowed to go, which will surely alarm public opinion. Xi should be urgently recalled and again given his lecturing post." The memorial went unanswered. From then on he gradually fell afoul of the chief minister in power, while Shu's reputation for outspoken integrity became widely known. He served successively as vice bureau director in the Ministries of Rites and Transport, was appointed prefect of Changzhou, returned as vice director of the Court of Judicial Review, was promoted to Direct Huixian Pavilion, and died. Shu was a man of upright character who clashed with Han Tuozhou and Chen Ziqiang, and they repeatedly instigated memorialists to attack him. Throughout his life Shu spent more days on temple appointments and in retirement than in active office. While serving in the Ministry of Rites, he routinely handled memorials for the Three Departments. When a great fire ravaged Lin'an, Emperor Ningzong, responding to the calamity, avoided the main hall. The Secretariat submitted three memorials asking him to resume normal court, but permission was denied. Shu drafted the response, striving to uphold proper principle rather than flatter and compromise. Critics picked out his wording as slanderous of the sovereign, but the court knew he meant no harm, and the edict for the eventual resumption included the phrase "clear wind and lofty integrity." Shu once chose a son-in-law in Jiang Zhongzhen, who later placed first in the jinshi examination. Jiang Zhongzhen, styled Lianggui, came from Wuxi. In the sixteenth year of Jiading (1223) he finished first in the jinshi examination and was appointed signing clerk of Jiankang Prefecture. After his mother's death he went into mourning and was reassigned to Zhaoqing Prefecture. Soon, over official business, he clashed with the circuit intendant, requested a temple sinecure, and was moved to signing clerk of Fengguo Prefecture. In the second year of Shaoding (1229) he was summoned for an imperial audience and began by speaking on what everyone from the Son of Heaven down to commoners ought first to know—the boundary between one's inner mind and external things. Once that boundary is clear, one knows only whether the realm is governed or in disorder—what pleasure is there in rank? One knows only whether the people are secure or afflicted—what pleasure is there in salary and perquisites? He went on, "When bribery brings things never seen before, our people suffer harms never seen before; when bribery brings expenses that cannot be exhausted, our people have worries that cannot be exhausted." He was promoted to rectifier in the Secretariat and repeatedly asked for a temple sinecure. When his paternal uncle died he was granted leave, then promoted to collator; he declined, but the court would not allow it. The next year, awaiting appointment at Shechuan, he sent a note through the Gate of Imperial Audience requesting an audience. Those in power feared him and gave him additional duty as vice prefect of Zhenjiang; he declined. When the traveling capital caught fire, he responded to the imperial edict: "Your servant recently submitted the doctrine of the boundary between inner mind and external things, intending that Your Majesty personally seize the great handle of power, not defer it to others, utterly break favoritism and private interest, and seek to be without self-reproach. If one views it through the lens of private interest in wealth and rank, and in every word and act does not forget one's private interest, then one treats the lives of the people, the altars of state, and the ancestral temples as light matters; and treats as weighty matters the sources of one's own personal wealth and rank—not only failing Heaven's mandate, the late emperor, and the empress dowager, but also failing what the high ministers and the hundred officers hoped Your Majesty would be. In former times Zhou Bo that day held the seal and invested Emperor Wen, and that very night Song Chang took command of the northern and southern armies; Huo Guang that year decided the succession and established Emperor Xuan, and the next year bowed his head and returned authority. Now Your Majesty has reigned eight years, yet none has heard of any accomplishment. Promotion and dismissal of talent, rise and fall of policies—all under Heaven say, 'This is the chief minister's will.' Present resentments and debts may rest with the court, but future order and disorder truly lie with Your Majesty. Can one who is Heaven's son and lord of men have everyone from the court down to all under Heaven speak of the minister and none speak of the ruler? Heaven's reason for burning the ancestral temples and the capital is probably this. What moves your servant to heartbreak is this: the Nine Temples are supremely weighty, tended as though for a living emperor—yet petty matters were pursued while great ones were neglected, with no guard before fire came. The chief minister's residence—splendid halls, vast grounds—alone was wholly spared beforehand, even as others scorched their heads and blistered their brows. This alone suffices to show hearts sunk and drowned: knowing power and position, not knowing ruler and father! If other crises arise, on whom will Your Majesty rely? When Your Majesty looks at yourself, are you not indeed isolated! In former times Shi Hao entered the chancellorship twice—for only five months, or nine months, before being dismissed. Emperor Xiaozong's reward for merit—could it ever be exhausted? Yet he was removed so quickly—why? The way to preserve meritorious ministers is to enrich them with wealth and rank, not to let them hold power for long." The emperor, moved on reading it, granted him Baozhang Pavilion and put him in charge of Yuntai Abbey. He then informed the Ministry of Personnel that he would not accept stipend for the added appointment nor wish for its favor. On another occasion, when a stellar anomaly prompted requests for counsel, he again pressed his earlier doctrine. Also fearing that if the powerful minister truly left office the ruler's heart might easily grow lax and great power slip aside, he submitted the six admonitions entitled "The Difficulties of Being Ruler." He was summoned as Secretariat collator and concurrently made instructor in the household of Prince Zhuangwen. At the beginning of Duanping he had an imperial audience, submitted five matters, and said, "When the ruler's virtue was obscured, I could blame the former chief minister, so your servant could devote himself to denouncing the powerful minister; now that the ruler's virtue is made manifest, it lies with Your Majesty, so your servant can hold the ruler-father to account. I beg that Zhen Dexiu and Wei Liaoweng be summoned and employed." The emperor said to him, "The ruler's task is nothing other than distinguishing the gentleman from the petty man." Zhongzhen replied, "Petty men also call gentlemen petty men—this is what makes it hard to distinguish. The ruler ought carefully to select men of public standing and place them in key posts. With upright discourse heard daily, one will surely know gentlemen by name and petty men by their character." Concurrently lecturer at Chongzheng Hall, he refrained from reporting family matters and strove to concentrate his spirit to awaken the emperor's intent. Whenever he drafted a memorial he fasted and wore full dress; for secret reports he personally wrote and revised drafts. The emperor praised his evenness and sincerity. He was promoted to assistant compiler. A frontier commander submitted the "Eight Mausoleums Map," and the court ordered all officials to assemble for deliberation. Zhongzhen said, "Shi Songzhi having lost the chancellorship is as precarious as a nest under the eaves, yet still seeks merit to secure his position. I ask that a worthy commander be chosen—as Han used Zhao Chongguo—and sent in person to the frontier to assess the situation and submit recommended measures." The chief minister advocated sending troops to Guan and Luo; Zhongzhen argued forcefully against it. When frontier commanders disagreed on war and peace, deliberation was convened again. Zhongzhen memorialized, "I formerly asked that we devote ourselves wholly to defense and, only if absolutely unavoidable, use responsive troops—now I dare not change my earlier position." His counsel was not heeded. He then impeached himself—that in confidential attendance upon the clear radiance of the throne he had been unable to stop the opening of hostilities—and asked to be relieved of his lectureship. He was promoted to compiler, concurrently acting officer of the Ministry of Personnel's seal office and recorder of imperial action. He said, "Recently I was to attend the lecture mat, then was ordered to stop. Some say that day was a Daoist priest's birthday. If the lecture was suspended merely for some other reason, one should understand the difficulty of the emperor's conduct; if what is reported truly reflects the facts, then one should understand the difficulty of the emperor's self-restraint." The emperor said, "But for you, I would never have heard this." When the Guan-Luo army suffered a great defeat and troops were sent again, Zhongzhen said, "If one is shamed by defeat and seeks victory, the heart grows unbalanced and becomes resentment, the spirit grows unbalanced and becomes rage—can the lives of the people be spent in rage?" He also said, "Lately in employing censor-remonstrators, the prevailing view is that they need not be rigidly provocative—seemingly fearing men of excessive forthrightness and firmness. Your servant has privately inferred the intent of selection: it means precisely that they should be mild and save trouble! Yet within a few months one error here, another error there—even granting concern for the dignity of the censorate and fear of provocation, upright and fair men ought still to hold those posts." He also argued that the palace guard was poor and weak, training was frequently harsh beyond endurance, and without some flexibility this was not the way to dispel calamity. Concurrently compiler at the National History Institute and collator at the Veritable Records Institute, he said, "Since the change of governance, five old evils remain unremoved: favoritism, mediation, covering up, indulgence, and wavering. Now a sixth has been added—rashness." He was promoted to recorder of imperial action. Ill, he asked to leave and was given Jiying Hall compiler, appointment as prefect of Anji, and acting vice minister of Justice. Three times he declined and was not permitted. He impeached himself for failing to win the court's trust, begged to be branded and expelled and placed in an idle post, and pressed ever harder to attend audience, but his illness could not be overcome. An edict ordered him to retain the vice ministership of Justice in retirement, posthumously honored him as Grandee for Imperial Audience, and gave the posthumous title "Loyal and Literary."
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牟子才，字存容，井研人。 八世祖允良，生期歲，淳化間盗起，舉家殱焉，惟一姑未筓，以甕覆之得免。 子才少從其父客陳咸，咸張樂大宴，子才閉户讀書，若不聞見者，咸異之。 學於魏了翁、楊子謨、虞剛簡，又從李方子——方子，朱熹門人也。 嘉定十六年，舉進士，對策，詆丞相史彌逺，調嘉定府洪雅縣尉，監成都府𣙜茶司賣引所，辟四川提舉茶馬司凖備差遣，使者魏泌衆人遇之，子才拂衣竟去，泌以書幣謝，不受，改辟總領四川財賦所幹辦公事。 詔李心傳即成都修《四朝會要》，辟兼檢閱文字。 制置司遣之文州，視王宣軍饟，鄧艾縋兵處也，道遇宣曰：「敵且壓境，宣已退矣，君無庸往。 」子才不可，遂至州視軍庾而還，甫出境，文州䧟。 辟知成都府温江縣事，未上，連丁内外艱，時成都已破，遂盡室東下，免䘮，心傳方修《中興四朝國史》，請子才自助，擢史館檢閱。 入對，首言大臣不公不和六事，次陳備邉三策，理宗顧問甚悉，將下殿，復召與語，翼日，帝諭宰相曰：「人才如此，可峻擢之。 」左丞相李宗勉擬祕書郎，右丞相史嵩之怨子才言己，遽曰：「姑遷校勘。 」俄宗勉卒，嵩之獨相，亟請外，通判吉州，轉通判衢州。 日食，詔求言，上封事萬言，極陳時政得失，且乞早定立太子。 入為國子監主簿兼史館校勘。 踰年，遷太常博士。 鄭清之再相，子才兩上封事，言今日有徽欽時十證，又請為濟王立後，以回天怒。 校書郎徐霖言諫議大夫鄭宷、臨安府尹趙與𥲅，不報出關，子才言：「陛下行霖言，則霖留； 不然，則不留也。 二人之中，宷尤無恥，請先罷之。 」寀去。 至若嵩之謀復相，清之誤引嵩之之黨别之傑共政，皆歴歴為上言之。 作書與孔光、張禹，切責清之，清之復書媿謝。 謁告，還安吉州寓舍。 遷祕書郎，屢辭，主管崇道觀。 踰年，遷著作佐郎，又辭。 清之卒之明日，詔子才還朝，遷著作郎，左丞相謝方叔、右丞相吳潛交書道上意，趣行益急，乃至。 兼崇政殿說書，子才隨事奏陳，舉朝誦子才奏疏，皆曰有徳之言也。 兼國史院編修官、實錄院檢討官，兼權禮部郎官。 時修《四朝史》，乃復兼史館檢討。 信州守徐謂禮奉行經界，苛急，又以脊杖比校催科，饑民嘯聚為亂，子才言於上，立罷經界，謫謂禮浙東。 福建九郡同日大水，子才言：「今日納私謁、溺近習、勞土木、庇小人、失人心五者，皆蹈宣和之失，苟不恐懼修省，臣恐宣和京城之水將至矣。 燮理隂陽，大臣之事，宜諭大臣，息乖爭以召和氣，除壅蔽以通下情。 今遣使訪問水災，徳至渥也，願出内帑振之。 」又言：「君子難聚而易散，今聚者將散其幾有十。 」又言：「諡以勸懲，當出自朝廷，毋待其家自請。 」左司徐霖言諫議大夫葉大有，帝大怒，逐霖，給事中趙汝騰繳之，徙他官，汝騰即出闗，子才上疏留之，大有遂劾汝騰，子才上疏，訟汝騰誣，及大有之欺，未幾，罷大有言職。 故事：早講，講讀官皆在； 晩講，惟說書一員。 宰相懼子才言己，并晩講于早，自是不得獨對矣。 遷軍器少監，御史蕭泰來劾髙斯得、徐霖，右司李伯玉言泰來所劾不當，上切責伯玉，降兩官罷，子才言：「陛下更化，召用諸賢。 今汝騰、斯得、霖相繼劾去，伯玉又重獲罪，善人盡矣！ 」除兼侍立、修注官，力辭。 行都大火，子才應詔上封事，言甚切直。 兼直舍人院，會泰來亦遷起居郎，恥與泰來同列，七疏力辭，上為出泰來，而子才亦請去不已，曰：「泰來既去，臣豈得獨留。 」上不允，又言：「蜀當以嘉、渝、夔三城為要——欲保夔，則巴蓬之間，不可無屯以控扼之； 欲保渝，則利閬之間不可無屯以遏絶之； 欲守嘉，則潼遂之間不可無屯以掎角之。 屯，必萬人而後可。 」升兼侍讀。 御史徐經孫劾府尹厲文翁，不報出闗，子才奏留之，文翁改知紹興府，又繳其命。 伯玉降官已逾年，舍人院不敢行詞，子才曰：「故事：文書行不過百刻，即為書行，以為叙復地。 」帝曰：「謫詞皆褒語，可更之。 」子才不奉詔，丞相又道帝意，子才曰：「腕可斷，詞不可改。 丞相欲改，則自改之。 」乃已。 淮東制置使賈似道以海州之捷，子才草奬諭詔，第述軍容之盛，不言其功，且語多戒敇，似道不樂。 又言：「全蜀盛時，官軍七八萬人，通忠義為十四萬。 今官軍不過五萬而已，宜招新軍三萬，并撫慰田、楊二家，使歲以兵來助，如此則蜀猶可保； 不，則不出三年，蜀必亡矣！ 」湯漢、黄蛻召試學士院，子才發䇿，蛻譽嵩之，罷蛻正字去。 遷起居郎，言：「外郡以進奉易富貴，左右以土木蠱上心，小人以譁競朋比䧟君子，此天災所以數見也。 」明堂禮成，帝將幸西太乙宫欵謝，實欲遊西湖爾，子才力諫止。 皇子冠，面諭作樂章，禮部言：「古者，適子一醮，無樂； 庶子三醮，有樂，用樂非是。 」子才言：「嫡庶之分，特以所立之地不同，非適専用醴，庶専用醮也，樂章乃學士院故事，况面諭，臣不敢不作。 」詔從之。 又言：「首蜀尾吳幾二萬里，今兩淮惟賈似道，荆蜀惟李曾伯二人而已，可為寒心。 」謂宜於合肥别立淮西制置司，江淮别立荆湖制置司，且於漣、楚、光、黄、均、房、巴、閬、緜、劒要害之郡，或築城，或増戍以守之，似道聞之怒曰：「是欲削吾地也！ 」正月望，召妓入禁中，子才言：「此皆董宋臣輩壊陛下素履。 」權兵部侍郎，屢辭，帝不允。 升同修國史、實錄院同修撰，御史洪天錫劾宋臣、文翁及謝堂等，不報出闗，子才請行其言，文翁别與州郡，堂自請外補，宋臣自請辭内轄職，而宋臣録黄竟不至院，蓋懼子才復有言也。 吳子聰之姑知古為女冠，得幸，子聰因之以進，得知閤門事，子才繳之曰：「子聰依憑城社，勢燄薰灼，以官爵為市，搢紳之無恥者，輻湊其門，公論素所切齒，不可用。 」帝曰：「子聰之除，將一月矣，乃始繳駁，何也？ 可即為書行。 」子才曰：「文書不過百刻，此舊制也。 今子聰録黄，二十餘日乃至後省，蓋欲俟其供職，使臣不得繳之耳。 給舍，紀綱之地，豈容此輩得以行私於其間。 」於是子聰改知澧州，待次，子才力辭去，帝遣檢正姚希得挽留之，不可，以集英殿修撰，知太平州。 前是例兼提領江淮茶鹽，子才以不諳財懇免。 至郡，首教民孝弟，以前人《慈竹》、《義木》二詩刻而頒之，間詣學，為諸生講說經義。 修采石戰艦百餘艘，造兵仗以千計。 前政負上供綱，及總所綱七十萬緡，悉為補之。 蠲黄池酒息六十餘萬貫、三縣秋苗畸零萬五千餘石、夏稅畸零紬帛四千五百餘匹、絲七百餘兩、綿一萬三千餘兩、麥二千餘石。 郡有平糴倉，以米五千石益之，又以緡錢二十六萬，創抵庫，歲收其息，以助糴本。 召入對，權工部侍郎。 時丁大全與宋臣表裏，濁亂朝政，子才累疏辭歸。 初，子才在太平建李白祠，自為記曰：「白之斥，實由髙力士，激怒妃子以報脫鞾之憾也。 力士方貴倨，豈甘以奴𨽻自處者，白非直以氣陵亢而已，蓋以為掃除之職，固當爾，所以反其極重之勢也，彼昏不知，顧為逐其所忌，力士聲勢益張，宦官之盛，遂自是始。 其後分提禁旅，蹀血宫庭，雖天子且不得奴𨽻之矣！ 」又寫力士脫鞾之狀為之贊，而刻諸石，屬有拓本遺宋臣，宋臣大怒，持二碑泣愬於帝，乃與大全合謀，嗾御史交章，誣劾子才在郡公燕及餽遺過客為入已，降兩官猶未已，帝疑之，密以槧問安吉守吳子明，子明奏曰：「臣嘗至子才家，四壁蕭然，人咸知其清貧，陛下無信讒言。 」帝語經筵官曰：「牟子才之事，吳子明乃謂無之，何也？ 」衆莫敢對，戴慶炣曰：「臣憶子才嘗繳子明之兄子聰。 」帝曰：「然。 」事遂解，蓋公論所在，雖仇讐不可廢也。 未幾，大全敗，宋臣斥，誣劾子才者，悉竄嶺海外，乃復子才官職，提舉玉隆萬夀宫。 帝即欲召子才，會似道入相，素憚子才，又憾草詔事，僅進實章閣待制、知温州，又嗾御史造飛語，目子才為潛黨，將中以危禍，上意不可奪，遂以禮部侍郎召，屢辭，不許，乃賜御筆曰：「朕久思見卿，故有是命，卿其勿疑，為我彊起。 」故事：近臣自外召者，必先見帝乃供職。 子才至北闗，請内引奏事，宦者在旁沮之，帝特令見，大說，慰諭久之。 時似道自謂有再造功，四方無虞皆其力，故肆意逸樂，惡聞讜言，子才言：「開慶之時，天下岌岌殆矣。 今幸復安，不知天將去疾，遂無復憂耶？ 抑順適吾意，而基異時不可測之禍也，奈何懐宴安以鴆毒，而不明閒暇之政刑乎？ 忠厚者，我朝之家法也； 乃者小人妨國，始用一切以戕其胍，今當反其所為，奈何愈益甚乎！ 」謂「宜悉取祖宗所以待士愛民，祈天永命者，循而行之。 言論者，國之元氣也，今言及乘輿，尚見優假； 事闗廊廟，忿怒斯形。 朝政之闕失，臣下之蔽蒙，何由上達乎？ 」帝曰：「非卿不聞此言。 」宣坐賜茶，問外事甚悉，子才具以田里疾苦對，帝顰蹙久之，即兼侍讀，尋兼同修國史、實録院同修撰。 宋臣有内侍省押班之命，舉朝爭之不能得，子才入疏，詰朝，帝出其疏示輔臣，皆曰：「子才有憂君愛國之真，無要譽沽名之巧。 」擢權禮部尚書。 祀明堂，子才為執綏官，帝問漢唐文物，占對詳贍。 時士大夫小迕權臣，輙竄流，子才請重者量移，輕者放還。 兼直學士院，前是，儤直多以疾免，子才始復舊制，帝賜詩褒賞，每直，輙召對内殿，語至夜分，或就賜酒果。 兼給事中，彗星見，應詔上封事，請罷公田，更七司法。 正為尚書，力辭，不許，升修國史實錄院修撰。 徐敏子以星赦量移，似道惡其為潛所用，諷後省繳之，子才不可。 葉李、吕宙之等上書攻似道，似道怒欲殺之，以他事下天府獄，子才請宥之，又遺書似道，似道復書，辭甚忿，徑從天府斷遣，不復以聞，蓋懼子才再有所論駁也。 度宗在東宫，雅敬子才，言必稱先生，即位，授翰林學士、知制誥，力辭不拜，請去不已，進端明殿學士，以資政殿學士致仕，卒，贈四官，官其後二人。 子才事親甚孝，弟子方客死公安，挾其柩葬安吉。 女弟在眉山，抜其家于兵火，致之安吉。 在吉州，文天祥以童子見，即期以逺大。 所薦士，若李芾、趙卯發、劉黻、家鉉翁，後皆為忠義士。 平江守吳淵籍富民田，以千餘畝遺子才，皆郤之。 身後家無餘貲，賣金帶乃克葬。 有《存齋集》、内制、外制、《四朝史槀》、奏議、經筵講義、口義故事四尚易編、春秋輪輻子》獻。
Mou Zicai, whose style name was Cunrong, came from Jingyan. His eighth-generation ancestor Yunliang was one year old when bandits rose during the Chunhua era and wiped out the entire family; only one aunt, still a girl, survived because someone covered her with a jar. As a youth Zicai accompanied his father as a guest of Chen Xian. Xian staged music and a grand feast, but Zicai shut his door and read as though he noticed nothing, which struck Xian as remarkable. He studied with Wei Liaoweng, Yang Zimo, and Yu Gangjian, and also learned from Li Fangzi, a disciple of Zhu Xi. In 1223 he passed the jinshi examination and, in the policy disputation, criticized Chief Counselor Shi Miyuan. He was posted as district captain of Hongya in Jiading Prefecture, supervised the Chengdu tea license office, and was recruited as a standby emissary for the Sichuan tea-and-horse commissioner. When the envoy Wei Mi and his party met him, Zicai shook off his robe and walked away. Mi sent letters and gifts to apologize, but Zicai refused them and instead took a post handling general affairs at the Sichuan revenue and military supplies office. An edict ordered Li Xinchuan to compile the Four Reigns Essentials at Chengdu and recruited Zicai as an additional textual reviewer. The pacification commission sent him to Wenzhou to inspect Wang Xuan's army provisions, the very place where Deng Ai had lowered troops on ropes. On the road he met Xuan, who said: "The enemy is about to press the border. I have already withdrawn, so there is no need for you to go. " Zicai refused and went on to Wenzhou to inspect the military granaries before returning. He had just left the prefecture when Wenzhou fell. He was recruited to govern Wenjiang County under Chengdu Prefecture, but before taking office he lost both parents in succession. Chengdu had already fallen, so he moved his whole household east. After mourning, while Li Xinchuan was compiling the National History of the Four Reigns of the Restoration, he asked Zicai to assist and promoted him to Historical Archive textual reviewer. In audience he first listed six ways in which ministers were unjust and disunited, then presented three policies for border defense. Emperor Lizong questioned him closely. As he was leaving the hall he was summoned back to speak again. The next day the emperor told the chief ministers: "Talent like this should be promoted sharply. Left Chief Counselor Li Zongmian proposed appointing him Secretariat Gentleman, but Right Chief Counselor Shi Songzhi, resentful that Zicai had criticized him, quickly said: "For now transfer him to collation and review." " Soon Li Zongmian died and Shi Songzhi became sole chief counselor. Zicai quickly requested an outside post, serving as administrative vice-prefect of Jizhou and then of Quzhou. After a solar eclipse an edict sought advice. He submitted a sealed memorial of ten thousand characters, fully analyzing current policy and urging that the heir apparent be established soon. He entered the capital as chief clerk of the Directorate of Education, concurrently serving as Historical Archive collator. A year later he was transferred to Erudite of the Court of Imperial Sacrifices. When Zheng Qingzhi again became chief counselor, Zicai twice submitted sealed memorials, saying the present age showed ten signs like those of the Huizong and Qinzong era, and again asking that an heir be established for Prince Ji to turn back Heaven's wrath. Proofreading Gentleman Xu Lin criticized Remonstrance Grandee Zheng Shen and Lin'an Prefect Zhao Yuze. Receiving no response, he left the capital. Zicai said: "If Your Majesty acts on Lin's words, Lin will stay; otherwise he will not stay. Of the two, Shen is especially shameless. Please remove him first. " Shen was dismissed. He also laid out in detail before the emperor Shi Songzhi's plot to return to office and Zheng Qingzhi's mistake in bringing Songzhi's follower Bie Zhijie into government. He wrote a letter modeled on those to Kong Guang and Zhang Yu, sharply rebuking Zheng Qingzhi, who replied with an ashamed apology. He requested leave and returned to his lodging in Anji Prefecture. Promoted to Secretariat Gentleman, he repeatedly declined and instead took charge of the Chongdao Taoist Abbey. A year later he was transferred to Assistant Drafting Gentleman and again declined. The day after Zheng Qingzhi died, an edict recalled Zicai to court and promoted him to Drafting Gentleman. Left Chief Counselor Xie Fangshu and Right Chief Counselor Wu Qian exchanged letters conveying the emperor's wishes, and the summons grew ever more urgent until he finally arrived. As lecturer at the Chongzheng Hall, he memorialized on current affairs as they arose. The whole court recited his memorials and called them words of moral weight. He concurrently served as National History compiler, Veritable Records textual reviewer, and acting Ministry of Rites bureau director. While the Four Reigns History was being compiled, he again concurrently served as Historical Archive textual reviewer. Xinzhou Prefect Xu Weili enforced the field-boundary survey with harsh urgency and used back-cudgel beatings to verify tax collection. Hungry people rose in disorder. Zicai reported this to the throne, the survey was immediately abolished, and Xu Weili was demoted to Zhedong. Nine Fujian prefectures flooded on the same day. Zicai said: "Today's five evils—accepting private audiences, indulging close favorites, exhausting the people with construction, shielding petty men, and losing popular support—all repeat the failures of the Xuanhe era. If we do not fear, repent, and reform, I fear the floodwaters of the Xuanhe capital will come again. Harmonizing yin and yang is the duty of great ministers. They should be instructed to end discord and summon harmonious qi, and to remove obstruction so the feelings of those below can reach the throne. Sending envoys to inquire into the flood already shows great virtue. I hope funds from the inner treasury will be released for relief. He also said: "Worthies are hard to gather and easy to scatter. Of those now gathered, the signs that they will scatter are nearly ten." He also said: "Posthumous titles, meant to reward and punish, should come from the court and not wait until a family requests them." " Left Bureau Director Xu Lin criticized Remonstrance Grandee Ye Dayou. The emperor was furious and expelled Lin. Supervising Secretary Zhao Ruteng returned the edict, was transferred elsewhere, and left the capital. Zicai memorialized to keep him. Ye Dayou then impeached Ruteng. Zicai defended Ruteng as slandered and exposed Dayou's deceit. Before long Ye Dayou was removed from his remonstrance office. By precedent, at the morning lecture all lecturing and reading officials are present; at the evening lecture only the lecturer is present. The chief counselor, fearing Zicai would speak against him, combined the evening lecture with the morning one. From then on Zicai could no longer have a private audience. Transferred to Vice-Director of the Armaments Directorate. Censor Xiao Tailai impeached Gao Side and Xu Lin. Right Bureau Director Li Boyu said the impeachments were improper. The emperor sharply rebuked Boyu, demoted him two ranks, and dismissed him. Zicai said: "Your Majesty reformed the government and recalled worthy men. Now Ruteng, Side, and Lin have been impeached and removed in succession, and Boyu has again been severely punished. Good men are exhausted! " Appointed additionally as attendant scribe and annotations recorder, he forcefully declined. After a great fire in the mobile capital, Zicai responded to an edict with a sealed memorial that spoke very bluntly. While serving directly in the Drafting Institute, Tailai was also transferred to Gentleman Attendant-at-Accession. Ashamed to serve alongside him, Zicai submitted seven memorials forcefully declining. The emperor removed Tailai for his sake, but Zicai kept asking to leave, saying: "Since Tailai is gone, how can I remain alone? The emperor would not allow it. Zicai again said: "Shu should treat Jia, Yu, and Kui as the three key cities. To hold Kui, there must be garrisons between Ba and Peng to control the route; to hold Yu, there must be garrisons between Li and Lang to cut off the enemy; to defend Jia, there must be garrisons between Tong and Su to support one another. Each garrison must reach ten thousand men before it can suffice. " He was promoted additionally to Reader-in-Waiting. Censor Xu Jingsun impeached Capital Prefect Li Wengwen. Receiving no response, he left the capital. Zicai memorialized to keep him. Li Wengwen was reassigned to Shaoxing Prefecture, and Zicai again returned the order. Li Boyu had been demoted for more than a year, yet the Drafting Institute dared not issue the document. Zicai said: "By precedent, if a document is not issued within one hundred quarter-hours, one should issue it oneself to establish grounds for restoration." The emperor said: "The demotion wording is all praise. It may be changed. Zicai would not obey the edict. The chief counselor again conveyed the emperor's intent. Zicai said: "My wrist may be cut off, but the wording cannot be changed. If the chief counselor wishes to change it, let him change it himself. " Thereupon the matter ended. For Jia Sidao's victory at Haizhou as Eastern Huai Pacification Commissioner, Zicai drafted the commendation edict. It described only the army's splendor, said nothing of his merit, and was mostly admonitory. Sidao was displeased. He also said: "At its height all Shu had seventy or eighty thousand government troops, or one hundred forty thousand counting loyal militias. Today government troops number no more than fifty thousand. We should recruit thirty thousand new troops and also reassure the Tian and Yang families so that each year they send troops to help. Thus Shu may still be held; otherwise, within three years Shu will certainly be lost! " Tang Han and Huang Tui were summoned for examination at the Hanlin Academy. Zicai graded their essays. Huang Tui praised Shi Songzhi, so he was dismissed from his proofreader post and left. Transferred to Gentleman Attendant-at-Accession, he said: "Outer circuits trade tribute for wealth and rank, close attendants beguile the emperor's heart with construction, and petty men through clamorous faction drag down worthies. That is why heavenly disasters appear so often. " When the Bright Hall rites were completed, the emperor planned to visit the Western Grand One Palace to offer thanks, but really intended to tour West Lake. Zicai forcefully remonstrated and stopped it. At the crown prince's capping ceremony the emperor personally ordered a celebratory hymn composed. The Ministry of Rites said: "In antiquity the primary heir received one libation without music; a secondary son received three libations with music. Using music here is incorrect. Zicai said: "The distinction between primary and secondary sons lies only in where they are invested, not in the primary using only sweet wine and the secondary only libation wine. Composing celebration hymns is Hanlin Academy precedent, and with a personal order I dare not refuse." " An edict followed his advice. He also said: "From Shu in the west to Wu in the east is nearly twenty thousand li, yet today the two Huai circuits depend on Jia Sidao alone and Jing and Shu on Li Zengbo alone. That is enough to chill the heart." He argued that a separate Western Huai pacification commission should be established at Hefei and a Jing-Hu pacification commission in the Jiang-Huai region, and that at strategic prefectures—Lian, Chu, Guang, Huang, Jun, Fang, Ba, Lang, Mian, and Jian—walls should be built or garrisons increased. When Sidao heard this he said angrily: "This is trying to cut away my territory! On the fifteenth day of the first month, courtesans were summoned into the inner palace. Zicai said: "These are all ways in which Dong Songchen and his like corrupt Your Majesty's long-standing conduct." " Appointed acting Vice-Minister of War, he repeatedly declined, but the emperor would not allow it. Promoted to associate compiler of the National History and Veritable Records, he saw Censor Hong Tiansi impeach Dong Songchen, Li Wengwen, Xie Tang, and others. Receiving no response, Hong left the capital. Zicai asked that the charges be acted on. Li Wengwen was given another prefecture, Xie Tang requested an outside post, and Dong Songchen asked to resign his inner-palace office—but Dong Songchen's recorded appointment never reached the institute, likely fearing Zicai would speak out again. Wu Zicong's aunt Zhigu, a Daoist nun, gained imperial favor, and Zicong advanced through her to an appointment managing Gate-Closing Affairs. Zicai returned the order, saying: "Zicong relies on powerful patrons, his influence burns hot, and he trades offices and ranks like goods in a market. Shameless gentry officials flock to his door. Public opinion has long detested him. He must not be used." The emperor said: "Zicong's appointment was nearly a month ago. Why do you return and reject it only now? Issue the document at once. Zicai said: "Documents must not exceed one hundred quarter-hours. That is the old regulation. Zicong's recorded appointment took more than twenty days to reach the rear secretariat, clearly so he could take office before I could return it. The supervising and drafting posts are where discipline is upheld. How can such men be allowed to pursue private interests there? " Thereupon Wu Zicong was reassigned to Lizhou Prefecture, awaiting his turn. Zicai forcefully declined and left. The emperor sent Rectifying Secretary Yao Xide to detain him, but to no avail. Zicai was made Compiler at the Hall for Collecting Excellence and appointed prefect of Taiping Prefecture. Previously incumbents had concurrently supervised Jiang-Huai tea and salt, but Zicai, unfamiliar with finance, earnestly requested exemption. On reaching the prefecture he first taught the people filial piety and brotherly duty, carving and distributing two earlier poems, "Kind Bamboo" and "Righteous Tree." From time to time he visited the school to expound the classics for the students. He repaired more than one hundred warships at Caishi and made military equipment numbering in the thousands. Previous administrations owed tribute transport quotas and seventy thousand strings owed to the general office—all of which he paid. He remitted more than six hundred thousand strings of Huangchi wine interest, more than fifteen thousand odd shi of autumn grain from three counties, four thousand five hundred odd bolts of summer-tax silk, more than seven hundred liang of silk thread, more than thirteen thousand liang of cotton, and more than two thousand shi of wheat. The prefecture had a grain-stabilization granary. He added five thousand shi of rice to it and, with two hundred sixty thousand strings, created a mortgage storehouse whose annual interest supplemented the grain-purchase fund. Summoned for audience, he was made acting Vice-Minister of Works. At the time Ding Daquan and Dong Songchen worked in concert inside and outside the court, muddying government affairs. Zicai repeatedly memorialized asking to return home. Earlier, at Taiping Zicai built a shrine to Li Bai and wrote the inscription himself: "Bai's banishment was truly due to Gao Lishi, who inflamed the consort to avenge the humiliation of having his boots removed. Lishi was then proud and powerful—how could he willingly remain in servile station? Bai was not merely overbearing in spirit; he considered sweeping the floor a proper duty and thereby reversed that weightiest power. Those benighted men did not understand and simply drove away those they feared. Lishi's authority grew ever greater, and the eunuchs' ascendancy began from this. Afterward they separately controlled the palace guard and trampled blood through the palace halls, so that even the Son of Heaven could no longer keep them in servile station! He also wrote an inscription describing Lishi removing his boots and had it carved on stone. Someone left a rubbing with Dong Songchen. Songchen was furious, took the two steles, and wept in appeal before the emperor. He then plotted with Ding Daquan and incited censors to submit successive memorials falsely accusing Zicai of holding public feasts in the prefecture and keeping gifts from passing guests for himself. Zicai was demoted two ranks, yet they did not stop. The emperor doubted this and secretly sent a written query to Anji Prefect Wu Ziming. Ziming memorialized: "I once visited Zicai's home. The walls were bare, he amused himself with zither and books, guests filled the seats, and drinking continued until midnight. I never saw a single cash enter his household." The emperor said to the classics lecturers: "In the matter of Mou Zicai, Wu Ziming says there is nothing to it. Why?" No one dared reply. Dai Qingke said: "I recall that Zicai once returned an order against Ziming's elder brother Zicong." The emperor said: "So it is." " The matter was then resolved, for public opinion had its place and even enemies could not override it. Before long Ding Daquan fell and Dong Songchen was expelled. Those who had falsely impeached Zicai were all banished beyond the Ling Mountains. Zicai's offices were restored and he was made supervisor of the Yulong Wanshou Palace. The emperor wished at once to summon Zicai, but as Jia Sidao entered the chief ministership—having long feared Zicai and resenting the edict-drafting affair—he only advanced him to Pavilion Academician of the Hall for Realizing Rectitude and prefect of Wenzhou, and incited censors to fabricate slander branding Zicai a member of Wu Qian's faction and preparing to trap him in grave peril. The emperor's intent could not be overborne, and Zicai was eventually summoned as Vice-Minister of Rites. He repeatedly declined and was not permitted. The emperor then granted him an imperial brush-note: "I have long wished to see you, hence this appointment. Do not doubt, and come early." " By precedent, when a close minister is recalled from outside he must first see the emperor before taking office. Zicai reached the North Gate and requested an inner audience to present affairs. Eunuchs nearby tried to discourage it, but the emperor specially ordered him received. Greatly pleased, the emperor comforted and instructed him at length. At the time Jia Sidao considered himself to have restored the dynasty and believed the realm's freedom from worry was all his doing, so he indulged in ease and pleasure and hated blunt counsel. Zicai said: "In the Kaqing era the realm was tottering on the brink. Now, fortunately restored to peace, do we not know whether Heaven is removing the illness and we need no further worry? Or are we simply accommodating our wishes and laying foundations for unforeseeable calamity later? How can we embrace feasting and ease as poison and fail to clarify governance and punishment in this time of respite? Sincerity and generosity are our dynasty's household law; yet recently petty men obstructed the state and began using the 'unified' approach to mutilate its vital organs. Now we should reverse what they did—how can we make it ever worse?" He said one should "take fully what the ancestors used in treating scholars and loving the people to pray Heaven for an enduring mandate, and follow it in practice. Speech and criticism are the state's vital energy. Today when criticism touches the imperial carriage, lenience is still shown; when it concerns the chief ministers, anger appears at once. How then can failings in court governance and the blindness of officials below reach the throne? The emperor said: "Had it not been for you, I would not have heard these words." " The emperor ordered him seated, granted tea, and questioned him exhaustively on outside affairs. Zicai fully answered with the people's hardship in fields and villages. The emperor frowned for a long time. Zicai was immediately additionally made Reader-in-Waiting, and soon additionally associate compiler of the National History and Veritable Records. Dong Songchen received an appointment as deputy squad leader of the Inner Palace Service Office. The whole court disputed it but could not prevail. Zicai submitted a memorial. The next morning the emperor showed it to assisting ministers, who all said: "Zicai has genuine concern for ruler and state, not the artifice of seeking praise and trading on name." " He was promoted to acting Minister of Rites. At the Bright Hall sacrifice Zicai served as cord-holder. The emperor asked about Han and Tang ritual institutions, and his impromptu answers were full and ample. At the time scholar-officials who slightly crossed powerful ministers were promptly banished and exiled. Zicai asked that serious cases be moderately transferred and lighter ones be released and returned. Additionally serving directly in the Hanlin Academy—for previously duty rotations were mostly excused on grounds of illness—Zicai restored the old system. The emperor granted poetry in praise and reward. On each duty rotation he was summoned to audience in the inner hall, talking until midnight, sometimes receiving wine and fruit on the spot. Additionally Supervising Secretary. When a comet appeared he responded to an edict with a sealed memorial requesting abolition of public fields and reform of the seven-circuit law. Confirmed as minister, he forcefully declined and was not permitted. He was promoted to compiler of the National History and Veritable Records Institute. Xu Minzi was moderately transferred under the comet amnesty. Jia Sidao hated that he had been used by Wu Qian and hinted the rear secretariat to return the order, but Zicai would not permit it. Ye Li, Lü Zhouzhi, and others submitted memorials attacking Jia Sidao. Sidao angrily wished to kill them and sent them to the capital prefecture prison on other charges. Zicai requested clemency and also sent Sidao a letter. Sidao replied with very angry words and proceeded directly to judgment and sentencing from the capital prefecture, no longer reporting upward, likely fearing Zicai would remonstrate again. While in the Eastern Palace, Emperor Duzong deeply respected Zicai and always called him "Master." Upon accession he was granted Hanlin academician and drafter of edicts, but Zicai forcefully declined and repeatedly asked to leave. He was advanced to Academic Counselor of the Hall for Bright Governance and retired as Academic Counselor of the Hall for Assisting Governance. He died; four ranks were posthumously conferred and two of his descendants were given office. Zicai was very filial toward his parents. His younger brother's son Fang died while sojourning in Gong'an; Zicai carried his coffin home and buried him in Anji. His younger sister was in Meishan; he rescued her household from the flames of war and brought them to Anji. At Jizhou, Wen Tianxiang was received as a youth student, and Zicai at once marked him for great future accomplishment. Among the scholars he recommended—Li Fu, Zhao Maofa, Liu Fu, and Jia Xuanweng—all later became loyal and righteous men. Pingjiang Prefect Wu Yuan seized rich men's fields and presented more than a thousand mu to Zicai, but all were refused. After his death his household had no remaining wealth; only by selling his gold belt could burial be accomplished. His works included the Cunzhai Collection, inner and outer imperial drafts, Drafts of the History of Four Reigns, memorials, lectures for the classics colloquium, oral explications, precedents, a compilation on the Four Revered Books and the Changes, and the Chunqiu Lunfu zi; these were all submitted to the throne.
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朱貔孫，字興甫，浮梁人。 淳祐四年進士，授臨江軍學教授。 丞相史嵩之聞貔孫名，欲致之館下，以祿未及親辭。 䘮父，服除，授福州學教，授差充江東安撫司幹辦公事，制置使王埜、丘岳、馬光祖、趙與陋皆薦之。 丁大全在臺，勢燄熏灼，天久隂雨，貔孫貽書政府，言：「回積隂之道，去姦邪，罷手實，蠲米稅。 」姦邪，指大全也，丞相董槐得書嘉歎。 主管尚書刑工部架閣文字。 宦者董宋臣寵幸用事，貔孫發策試胄子，極論宦寺專權之患，宋臣諷言者論罷之。 光祖辟添差江東安撫司機宜文字，擢史館校勘，時大全執政，使其黨許以驟用，貔孫力拒之，且謁告歸省。 遷太學博士，屬帝親擢監察御史，兼崇政殿說書，首疏論大全，權姦誤國之罪，倡言學校六士之寃，又以翕聚人才，凝固人心，精擇人言，增禁旅以壯帝畿，擇良守以牧内郡，選全才以守江面，嚴舟師以防海道，因地募兵以應突至之敵，并力合勢以援必守之地。 時有建議遷都四明者，貔孫亟上疏言：「鑾輿若動，則三邉之將士瓦解，而四方之盗賊蠭起，必不可。 」遂止。 貔孫在講筵，言及宋臣撓政事，忤㫖，遷大理少卿，又遷司農少卿，兼太子右諭徳，詔許乘馬赴講。 貔孫諭導得體，衍說經義有闗於君道者，必委曲敷暢，隂寓警戒，太子每為之改容。 兼國史院編修官、實錄院檢討官，兼權直舍人院，時大禮成，封命叢委，吏持詞頭下，每夕無慮數十，貔孫運筆如飛，夜未中已就，皆温潤典雅。 遷宗正少卿。 丁母憂，服除，授祕書監兼太子左諭徳，改監察御史兼崇政殿說書，姓名已付外矣，尋復改命浙西。 行公田，吏並縁為姦，貔孫疏其𡚁。 推《春秋》尊王絀覇之㫖，勸帝崇仁政，用吉士，行正論，賜賚甚渥。 擢殿中侍御史兼侍講，請嚴京師淫聲奇服之禁，他所論苗耗役害及經理川蜀，皆當世急務。 宋臣覆出，朝論紛然，貔孫因對，力斥其姦，卒奪祠。 升侍御史兼侍講，長星出東方，貔孫力詆外戚、内臣，及進奉羡餘失人心者，且曰：「回天心自回人心始。 」辭㫖懇切，帝為之感動。 升侍讀，貔孫之再入臺，屬疆場多事，屢陳備禦之策。 理宗春秋髙，倚成賈似道，似道擅命，貔孫隨事進諫，不肯阿附，至若行公田之政，屢於經筵密以告帝，似道自是深忌之，貔孫累疏求去。 理宗崩，度宗即位，擢右諫議大夫，賜紫金魚袋兼賜章服、犀帯，以疾乞辭言職，遷吏部尚書，不拜，帝以舊學故，雅欲留貔孫，使者旁午於道，而貔孫辭益力。 以華文閣學士，知寧國府，似道諷言者論罷，久之，提舉太平興國宫，復華文閣學士、知袁州，至郡宣布徳意，以戢暴禁貪為先務，郡倉受租，舊倚斛面取贏，吏加漁取，貔孫知其𡚁，悉榜除之，許民自槩量，宿𡚁頓革，田里歡聲。 興學校以勸士。 升敷文閣學士、知福州、福建安撫使，未㡬，卒于袁之郡治，贈四官，與恩澤，並令所在給䘮事。 有文集、奏議行世。
Zhu Pisun, style Xingfu, was from Fuliang. He passed the jinshi examination in Chunyou year 4 and was appointed instructor at the Linjiang Circuit school. Grand Councilor Shi Songzhi, hearing of Pisun's reputation, wished to bring him into his household, but Pisun declined because his salary had not yet reached his parents. After his father's death and the mourning period, he was made instructor at the Fuzhou school and specially assigned staff officer of the Jiangdong pacification commission; pacification commissioners Wang Ye, Qiu Yue, Ma Guangzu, and Zhao Yulou all recommended him. While Ding Daquan held sway at the censorate and his power blazed, prolonged overcast rain fell. Pisun wrote to the government: 'The way to turn back accumulated yin is to remove treacherous men, abolish the household-registration survey, and remit the rice tax.' 'Treacherous evil' referred to Daquan; Grand Councilor Dong Huai, on reading the letter, praised it warmly. He served as director of archival documents in the Ministries of Justice and Works. The eunuch Dong Songchen enjoyed imperial favor and wielded power. Pisun set examination questions for academy students and spoke at length against eunuch monopolization of power; Songchen had remonstrators denounce him and he was dismissed. Ma Guangzu summoned him as specially assigned policy secretary of the Jiangdong pacification commission and promoted him to collator in the Historiography Institute. Ding Daquan then held power and had his faction promise him rapid promotion, but Pisun firmly refused and asked leave to return home. He was transferred to Imperial Academy erudite, then personally promoted by the emperor to investigating censor and lecturer at the Chongzheng Hall. His first memorial denounced Ding Daquan for the crime of a powerful traitor misleading the state and spoke for the injustice done to the six scholars of the academy. He also proposed ten measures: gather talent, steady public morale, choose remonstrance carefully, increase the palace guard to strengthen the capital, appoint capable prefects to the interior, select fully qualified men to hold the Yangzi front, tighten the river fleet to guard the sea routes, and recruit troops locally to meet sudden encirclement. When some proposed moving the capital to Siming, Pisun urgently memorialized: 'If the imperial carriage moves, troops on the three frontiers will collapse and bandits will swarm up everywhere. This must not be done.' " The proposal was dropped. At the lecture mat Pisun spoke of Dong Songchen's interference in government and gave offense; he was transferred to Vice Director of the Court of Judicial Review, then Vice Director of the Court of Revenue, with concurrent appointment as Right Mentor of the Heir Apparent. An edict permitted him to ride to lectures. Pisun's instruction was always tactful. When expounding classic meanings bearing on the way of the ruler, he unfolded them fully and subtly wove in warnings; the heir's expression changed each time. He also served as compiler of the National History Institute, collator of the Veritable Records Institute, and acting holder of the Imperial Drafting Academy. When a major rite was completed and enfeoffment commissions piled up, clerks delivered dozens of draft headings each night; Pisun wrote with extraordinary speed and finished before midnight, every piece warm and elegant. He was made Vice Director of the Court of the Imperial Clan. After his mother's death and mourning, he was appointed Director of the Secretariat and Left Mentor of the Heir Apparent, then made investigating censor and lecturer at the Chongzheng Hall. His name had already been sent out, but soon the appointment was changed to Zhexi. When the public-fields policy was implemented, clerks used it as a pretext for corruption; Pisun memorialized the abuses. Expounding the Spring and Autumn Annals' intent to honor the king and restrain hegemons, he urged the emperor to esteem humane government, employ worthy men, and heed upright discourse; the emperor bestowed generous rewards. Promoted to palace attending censor and lecturer, he asked for strict prohibition in the capital of licentious music and outlandish dress. His other memorials on crop loss, corvée burdens, and administration of Sichuan all addressed urgent matters of the day. When Dong Songchen returned to power and court opinion was in turmoil, Pisun spoke at audience and forcefully denounced his treachery; Songchen was finally stripped of his temple sinecure. Promoted to attending censor and lecturer, he spoke when a long comet appeared in the east, forcefully denouncing in-laws, inner attendants, and those who sent surplus tribute and alienated the people. He said, 'To turn Heaven's heart, begin by winning back the people's hearts.' " His words were earnest and moving, and the emperor was deeply affected. Promoted to reader-in-waiting, Pisun on his second entry into the censorate repeatedly proposed defense measures at a time of frontier crisis. Emperor Lizong was advanced in years and relied on Jia Sidao, who monopolized power. Pisun remonstrated on each matter and would not flatter him. On the public-fields policy he repeatedly told the emperor in secret at the classics mat; Sidao deeply resented him, and Pisun repeatedly asked to resign. After Lizong died and Duzong succeeded, Pisun was promoted to Right Remonstrance Counselor and granted a purple-gold fish bag, ceremonial robes, and a rhinoceros-horn belt. Citing illness he asked to leave remonstrance office and was named Minister of Personnel, but declined. Because of their old teacher-student relation the emperor greatly wished to keep him; envoys crowded the roads, yet Pisun declined ever more firmly. As Huawen Pavilion academician he served as prefect of Ningguo until Jia Sidao had remonstrators denounce him and he was dismissed. Long afterward he became superintendent of the Taiping Xingguo Palace, then again Huawen Pavilion academician and prefect of Yuanzhou. On reaching the prefecture he proclaimed humane intent and made suppressing violence and forbidding greed his first priorities. The prefectural granary had long taken surplus from the measure face and clerks had added further exactions; Pisun posted notices abolishing all such abuses and allowed the people to measure grain themselves. Long-standing abuses were suddenly reformed and field rent rose sharply. He established schools to encourage learning. Promoted to Fuwén Pavilion academician, prefect of Fuzhou, and Fujian pacification commissioner, he died at the Yuanzhou prefectural seat before taking up the new posts. He was posthumously granted four ranks, given imperial favor, and orders were issued to provide funeral arrangements locally. His collected writings and memorials circulated in his day.
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歐陽守道，字公權，一字迂父，吉州人。 初名巽，自以更名應舉，非是當祭必稱巽。 少孤貧，無師，自力於學，里人聘為子弟師，主人瞷其每食舍肉，密歸遺母，為設二器馳送，乃肯食肉，隣媪兒無不歎息感動。 年未三十，翕然以徳行為鄉郡儒宗。 江萬里守吉州，守道適貢于鄉，萬里獨異視之。 淳祐元年，舉進士，廷對，言：「國事成敗在宰相，人才消長在臺諫。 昔者當國惡箴規，言者疑觸迕，及其去位，共謂非才。 或有迎合時宰，自效殷勤，亦有疾惡乖方，苟求疵纇，以致忠邪不辨，黜陟無章。 」唱名，徐儼夫為第一，儼夫握守道，起曰：「吾愧出君上矣。 君文未嘗不在我上也。 」授雩都主簿。 丁母憂，服除，調贑州司户。 其次十年後，萬里作白鷺洲書院，首致守道為諸生講說。 湖南轉運副使吳子良聘守道為嶽麓書院副山長，守道初升講，發明孟氏「正人心，承三聖」之說，學者悅服。 宗人新及子必泰，先寓居長沙，聞守道至，往訪之，初猶未識也，晤語相契，守道即請於子良，禮新為嶽麓書院講書，新講《禮記》「天降時雨，山川出雲」一章，守道起曰：「長沙自有仲齊，吾何為至此？ 」仲齊，新之字也。 踰年，新卒，守道哭之慟，自銘其墓，又薦其子必泰於當道。 子良代，守道復還吉州，里有張基，䘮其父，小祥，而舅氏訟以事，繫之獄，使不得祭，邀其售已地以葬，守道聞之，歎曰：「吾惟痛斯子之不得一哭其父也，且其痛奈何！ 」明日，告之邑令，曰：「此非人心，濱祭而縛之，撓𦵏而奪之，舅如此，是自食其肉也，請任斯子出祭而復獄。 」令亟出之，其舅醜誣守道，守道亦不自辨。 轉運使包恢為請祠于朝，萬里入為國子祭酒，薦為史館檢閲，召試館職，授祕書省正字。 安南國王陳日照傳位其子，求封太上國王，下省官議，守道謂：「太上者，漢髙帝以尊其父，累朝未之有改。 若賜詔書，稱太上國王，非便。 南越尉佗嘗自稱蠻夷大長老，正南夷事也。 《禮》方伯自稱曰天子之老，大夫致仕曰老，自稱亦曰老； 自夷蠻言之，則有尉佗之故事，自中國言之，亦方伯致仕者之常稱。 漢亦有老上單于之號，易『太』以『老』，無損，或去上字存其太字，太王則有古公三太、三少、太宰、少宰，太所以别於少也。 謂父為太，則子為少矣。 太以尊言，則太后、太妃、太子、太孫，以卑言，則太史、太卜、太祝、樂太師、太圉，上下所通用也。 」時病足不及與議，遷校書郎兼景憲府教授，遷祕書郎。 轉對，言：「欲家給人足，必使中外臣庶無復前日言利之風，而後可風化，惟反諸身化之以儉，而彼不為儉，吾惟有卑宫室、菲飲食化之以㢘，而彼不興㢘，吾惟有不貴難得之貨，不厚無益之蔵。 」以言罷，守道徒步出錢塘門，唯書兩箧而已。 理宗遺詔聞，守道與其徒相嚮哭踊，僮奴、孺子各為悲哀。 咸淳三年，特㫖與祠，詔大臣舉賢才，少傅吕文徳舉九十六人，守道預焉。 添差通判建昌軍，以書謝廟堂，曰：「史贊大將軍不薦士，今大將軍薦士矣。 而某何以得此於大將軍哉？ 幸嘗蒙召擢，備數三館，異時，或者謂其放廢無聊，託身諸貴人，虧傷國體，則寧得而解，願仍賦祠祿足矣。 」遷著作佐郎兼崇政殿說書，兼權都官郎官，經筵所進，皆切於當世務，上為動色。 遷著作郎。 卒，家無一錢。 守道之兄之妻蚤䘮，其子演五歲餘，且多病，浚生甫數月，守道三十未有室，顧無能乳哺者，日夜抱二子泣，里巷憐之，演既長，出莫知所之，守道哭而求諸野，終不能得，三年不食肉，顦顇不釋者終身。 吉有賢守，而大家怨之，厚誣以贓者，下其事常平使者，㑹旱甚，禱雲騰，守道曰：「無以禱也。 雲騰之神，唐郡守吳侯也。 寃莫甚於前守，寃不直而吳侯於禱，侯有辭矣。 匹婦藏寃，旱或三年，寃在民牧，害豈其小。 」反覆千餘言，或迂笑之，守道不改，告來者不倦，守卒以得直。 所著有易故文集。
Ouyang Shoudao, style Gongquan, also styled Yufu, was from Jizhou. His original name was Xun. He considered it wrong to change his name in order to take the examinations, and whenever sacrifice was due he always used the name Xun. Orphaned and poor in youth, he had no teacher and studied on his own. Neighbors hired him to teach their sons. His employer noticed that at each meal he set aside meat and secretly took it home to his mother; the employer prepared two vessels and sent them quickly, and only then would he eat meat. Neighboring women and children were all moved to sigh. Before he was thirty he was already widely regarded as the moral exemplar of Confucian learning in his home commandery. When Jiang Wanli was prefect of Jizhou, Shoudao happened to compete in the local examination, and Wanli singled him out for special regard. In Chunyou year 1 he passed the jinshi examination. At the palace examination he said, 'Whether state affairs succeed or fail depends on the grand councilor; whether talent rises or falls depends on the censorate and remonstrance officials.' Formerly, when a man held power he hated admonition and remonstrators feared giving offense; once he left office, everyone said he lacked talent. Some would cater to the chief minister and offer eager service; others, though hating evil, were perverse in method and sought flaws indiscriminately, so that loyal and treacherous men could not be distinguished and promotion and dismissal had no rule. When the names were read aloud, Xu Yanfu ranked first. Yanfu took Shoudao's hand, rose, and said, 'I am ashamed to rank above you.' 'Your writing has never been beneath mine.' " He was appointed chief clerk of Yudu. After his mother's death and mourning, he was assigned revenue officer of Ganzhou. About ten years later Jiang Wanli established the Bailuzhou Academy and first invited Shoudao to lecture the students. Hunan transport vice commissioner Wu Ziliang engaged Shoudao as associate headmaster of the Yuelu Academy. At his first lecture Shoudao expounded Mencius's teaching to 'rectify the human heart and inherit the three sages,' and the scholars were delighted. His clansman Xin and Xin's son Bitai had been living in Changsha. Hearing Shoudao had arrived, they visited him. Though they did not yet know each other, conversation revealed a deep affinity. Shoudao at once asked Ziliang to appoint Xin lecturer at the Yuelu Academy. When Xin lectured on the Record of Rites passage 'Heaven sends timely rain; mountains and rivers send forth clouds,' Shoudao rose and said, 'Changsha already has Zhongqi — why have I come here?' " Zhongqi was Xin's style. A year later Xin died. Shoudao mourned him deeply, wrote the tomb inscription himself, and recommended his son Bitai to those in power. When Ziliang was replaced, Shoudao returned to Jizhou. In the village Zhang Ji, in mourning for his father and at the small mourning period, was sued by his maternal uncle, imprisoned so he could not sacrifice, and pressed to sell his land for burial. Shoudao sighed, 'I grieve only that this son cannot weep once for his father — and how great that grief must be!' The next day he told the district magistrate, 'This is inhuman — to bind a man on the eve of sacrifice, to disturb the coffin and seize it. For an uncle to act thus is to devour his own flesh. I ask to guarantee this son's release to sacrifice and then return to prison.' " The magistrate quickly released him. The uncle slanderously accused Shoudao, who made no defense. Transport commissioner Bao Hui requested a temple sinecure for him at court. Jiang Wanli, after entering service as Director of the Directorate of Education, recommended him as collator in the Historiography Institute. He passed the archive examination and was appointed Secretariat rectifier. When the king of Annam, Chen Riyao, abdicated in favor of his son and asked to be enfeoffed as Grand Senior King, the matter was referred to provincial officials for discussion. Shoudao said, 'Grand Senior — Emperor Gaodi of Han used it to honor his father, and successive dynasties have not changed the usage.' 'If an edict calls him Grand Senior King, that would be inappropriate.' 'The Nan Yue commander Zhao Tuo once styled himself Great Elder of the barbarian Yi — that is the proper way to handle southern barbarian affairs.' 'The Rites say a regional lord calls himself the Son of Heaven's elder; a retired grandee is called elder, and in self-reference also uses elder;' 'From the barbarian perspective there is Zhao Tuo's precedent; from the Central Kingdom perspective it is also the usual title for a retired regional lord.' 'Han also had the title Old Upper Chanyu; substituting "Old" for "Grand" would do no harm. Or one might drop "upper" and keep "Grand"; Grand King recalls the Three Grand and Three Junior of Old Duke, Grand Steward and Junior Steward — "Grand" distinguishes from "Junior."' 'If the father is called Grand, then the son is Junior.' 'Where "Grand" denotes honor, there are the Grand Empress Dowager, Grand Consort, Heir Apparent, and Grandson; where it denotes lower rank, there are the Grand Scribe, Grand Diviner, Grand Invoker, Music Grand Master, and Grand Stable Master — the term is used at every level.' " His feet were ill and he could not join the discussion. He was transferred to collator and instructor of the Jingxian Palace, then to Secretariat secretary. At rotation audience he said, 'For every household to have enough, officials and commoners at court and in the provinces must abandon the old habit of talking profit — only then can mores be transformed. One must begin by transforming oneself through frugality; if others are not frugal, one can only teach frugality through modest dwellings and plain food. If they still do not embrace frugality, one must refuse to prize rare goods and refuse to hoard what does no good.' " Dismissed for his words, Shoudao walked out through the Qiantang Gate with only two boxes of books. When Lizong's death edict was announced, Shoudao and his disciples wept and stamped in grief toward one another; servants and children all mourned. In Xianchun year 3 he was specially granted a temple sinecure. When an edict ordered grand ministers to recommend worthy talent, Junior Mentor Lü Wende recommended ninety-six men, Shoudao among them. As specially assigned vice prefect of Jianchang Circuit, he wrote to thank the council chamber: 'Shi Zan the Great General did not recommend scholars — yet now the Great General recommends scholars.' 'How have I earned this from the Great General?' 'I was once summoned and promoted and counted among the Three Institutes. If later someone should say I was cast aside in idleness and attached myself to powerful men, injuring the dignity of the state, I would rather be able to explain myself. I ask only to continue receiving my temple stipend — that is enough.' " He was made assistant compiler, lecturer at the Chongzheng Hall, and acting officer of the Ministry of Punishments. What he presented at the classics mat all bore on urgent affairs of the day, and the emperor was visibly moved. He was promoted to compiler. He died leaving not a single coin in the house. Shoudao's elder brother's wife died young. Her son Yan was a little over five and often ill; Jun was only a few months old. Shoudao, not yet thirty and unmarried, found no one to nurse them and day and night held the two children and wept; neighbors pitied him. When Yan grew up he went out and was never seen again. Shoudao wept and searched the countryside but never found him. For three years he ate no meat, and he remained gaunt for the rest of his life. In Ji there was a worthy prefect whom powerful families resented; they heavily slandered him with corruption charges and the case was referred to the Ever-Normal intendant. During a severe drought prayers were offered at Yunteng. Shoudao said, 'Prayer will do no good.' 'The spirit of Yunteng is Wu Hou, a Tang prefect.' 'No wrong is greater than that done to the former prefect. If the wrong is not righted and Wu Hou is asked in prayer, the Marquis has grounds to refuse.' 'When a single woman harbors a wrong, drought may last three years. When the wrong lies with the people's shepherd, can the harm be small?' " He repeated this at length in more than a thousand words. Some laughed at him as pedantic, but Shoudao did not waver. He told all who came without tiring, and the prefect was finally vindicated. His writings include the Yigu Collected Writings.
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論曰：湯璹立朝蹇諤，蔣重珍自擢巍科，既居盛名之下而能樹立於當世，可為難矣！ 牟子才、朱貔孫直聲著於中外。 歐陽守道，廬陵之醇儒也。
The judgment says: Tang Shu stood at court with upright remonstrance; Jiang Zhongzhen, though placed beneath great fame after ranking first in the examinations, was yet able to establish himself in his age — no small achievement! Mou Zicai and Zhu Pisun won renown at home and abroad for their blunt integrity. Ouyang Shoudao was the pure Confucian of Luling.