1
黃榦李燔張洽陳淳李方子黃灝
Huang Gan, Li Fan, Zhang Qia, Chen Chun, Li Fangzi, and Huang Hao
2
黃榦字直卿，福州閩縣人。 父瑀，在高宗時為監察御史，以篤行直道著聞。 瑀沒，榦往見清江劉清之。 清之奇之，曰：「子乃遠器，時學非所以處子也。」 因命受業朱熹。 幹家法嚴重，乃以白母，即日行。 時大雪，既至而熹它出，榦因留客邸，臥起一榻，不解衣者二月，而熹始歸。 榦自見熹，夜不設榻，不解帶，少倦則微坐，一倚或至達曙。 熹語人曰：「直卿志堅思苦，與之處甚有益。」 嘗詣東萊呂祖謙，以所聞於熹者相質正。 及廣漢張栻亡。 熹與榦書曰：「吾道益孤矣，所望於賢者不輕。」 後遂以其子妻榦。
Huang Gan, whose courtesy name was Zhizhi, came from Min County in Fuzhou. His father Yu had served as investigating censor under Emperor Gaozong and was famed for his earnest conduct and upright ways. When Yu died, Gan went to see Liu Qingzhi of Qingjiang. Qingzhi was struck by him and said, "You are meant for great things; the conventional learning of the day is no fit place for you." He then told him to take Zhu Xi as his teacher. Gan's household discipline was severe; he told his mother and left that very day. Snow lay deep; he reached Xi's place only to find him away, so Gan stayed at a guest inn, sleeping and waking on one couch without undressing for two months, until Xi finally came home. Once he was in Xi's presence he never laid out a bed at night or loosened his belt; when fatigue crept in he sat bolt upright, and one brief lean might carry him clear to daybreak. Xi told others, "Zhizhi's resolve is iron and his thought relentless; company with him does one real good." He once visited Lü Zuqian at Donglai and cross-checked what he had learned from Xi. When Zhang Shi of Guanghan passed away, Xi wrote to Gan, "My Way grows lonelier by the day; what I look for in a worthy man is no small thing." Later he gave his daughter to Gan in marriage.
3
寧宗即位，熹命榦奉表，補將仕郎，銓中，授迪功郎，監台州酒務。 丁母憂，學者從之講學於墓廬甚眾。 熹作竹林精舍成，遺榦書，有「它時便可請直卿代即講席」之語。 及編《禮書》，獨以《喪》、《祭》二編屬榦，稿成，熹見而喜曰：「所立規模次第，縝密有條理，它日當取所編家鄉、邦國、王朝禮，悉仿此更定之。」 病革，以深衣及所著書授榦，手書與訣曰：「吾道之托在此，吾無憾矣。」 訃聞，榦持心喪三年畢，調監嘉興府石門酒庫。
When Ningzong ascended the throne, Xi had Gan present the congratulatory memorial; he was made probationary gentleman, passed civil-service selection, and received appointment as probationary merit officer supervising the Taizhou wine monopoly. When his mother died, a great host of scholars followed him to study at his mourning hut beside the grave. When Xi completed the Bamboo Grove Retreat he wrote Gan a letter saying, "When the time comes you may ask Zhizhi to step directly into my chair." While editing the Book of Rites he entrusted only the Mourning and Sacrifice volumes to Gan; when the draft was finished Xi read it with delight and said, "The scale and sequence you have laid down are tight and orderly; one day we should take the village, state, and court ritual sections and rework them all on this pattern." As his illness turned grave he gave Gan his deep robe and his books, and wrote in his own hand at farewell, "The trust of my Way is placed here; I have no regret." When the death notice came, Gan kept heart-mourning for three full years, then was reassigned to supervise the Shimen wine depot in Jiaxing Prefecture.
4
時韓侂胄方謀用兵，吳獵帥湖北，將赴鎮，訪以兵事。 榦曰：「聞議者謂今天下欲為大舉深入之謀，果爾，必敗。 此何時而可進取哉？」 獵雅敬榦名德，辟為荊湖北路安撫司激賞酒庫兼準備差遣，事有未當，必輸忠款力爭。
At that time Han Tuozhou was plotting war; Wu Lie, commanding Hubei, was about to take up his post and asked Gan about military affairs. Gan said, "I hear men at court say the realm now plans a great thrust deep into enemy country; if that is true, it is doomed to fail. What season is this for advancing and seizing ground?" Lie, who deeply respected Gan's name and virtue, appointed him to the Jing-Shang wine depot of the Hubei pacification commission with additional preparatory dispatch; whenever anything was amiss he offered loyal remonstrance and fought it through.
5
江西提舉常平趙希懌、知撫州高商老辟為臨川令，歲旱，勸糶捕蝗極其力。 改知新淦縣，吏民習知臨川之政，皆喜，不令而政行。 以提舉常平郡太守薦，擢監尚書六部門，未上，改差通判安豐軍。 淮西帥司檄榦鞫和州獄，獄故以疑未決，榦釋囚桎梏飲食之，委曲審問無所得。 一夜，夢井中有人，明日呼囚詰之曰：「汝殺人，投之於井，我悉知之矣，胡得欺我。」 囚遂驚服，果於廢井得屍。
Zhao Xiyi, Jiangxi intendant for ever-normal granaries, and Gao Shanglao, prefect of Fuzhou, made him magistrate of Linchuan; in a drought year he pressed grain sales and locust-catching with all his strength. He was moved to administer Xin'gan County; officials and people, knowing Linchuan's rule, were delighted, and government ran without fresh orders. Recommended by the intendant for ever-normal granaries and the prefect, he was raised to supervisor of the Six Ministries Gate; before he reported he was reassigned vice-prefect of Anfeng Army. The Huai-Xi command ordered Gan to try a Hezhou prison case long left doubtful; Gan freed the prisoners from fetters and fed them, questioning them at length yet learning nothing. One night he dreamed of someone in a well; next day he summoned the prisoner and said, "You killed a man and threw him down a well; I know everything—how dare you lie to me?" The prisoner confessed in alarm; a corpse was indeed found in an abandoned well.
6
尋知漢陽軍。 值歲飢，糴客米、發常平以振。 制置司下令，欲移本軍之粟而禁其糴，榦報以乞候榦罷然後施行，及援鄂州例，十之一告糴於制司。 荒政具舉。 旁郡饑民輻湊，惠撫均一，春暖願歸者給之糧，不願者結廬居之，民大感悅。 所至以重庠序，先教養。 其在漢陽，即郡治後鳳棲山為屋，館四方士，立周、程、游、朱四先生祠。 以病乞祠，主管武夷沖祐觀。
He was soon appointed prefect of Hanyang. In a famine year he bought grain from merchants and opened ever-normal stores for relief. The pacification office ordered grain moved out of the command while banning local purchase; Gan asked that enforcement wait until he left office, and citing the Ezhou precedent reported one-tenth of purchases to the commission. Famine relief was fully carried out. Refugees from neighboring prefectures poured in; he treated them alike; when spring came those who wished to go home received grain, those who stayed were given shelters, and the people were deeply moved. Wherever he served he stressed schools and put nurture first. At Hanyang he built halls on Phoenix Perch Hill behind the yamen to lodge scholars from afar and raised shrines to Zhou, the Cheng brothers, You, and Zhu. He sought leave on grounds of illness and was made custodian of Chongyou Abbey on Mount Wuyi.
7
尋起知安慶府，至則金人破光山，而沿邊多警。 安慶去光山不遠，民情震恐。 乃請於朝，城安慶以備戰守，不俟報，即日興工。 城分十二料，先自築一料，計其工費若干，然後委官吏、寓公、士人分料主之。 役民兵五千人，人役九十日，而計人戶產錢起丁夫，通役二萬夫，人十日而罷。 役者更番，暑月月休六日，日午休一時，至秋漸殺其半。 榦日以五鼓坐於堂，濠砦官入聽命，以一日成算授之：役某鄉民兵若干，某鄉人夫若干； 分佈於某人料分，或搬運某處土木，應副某料使用； 某料民兵人夫合當更代，合散幾日錢米。 俱受命畢，乃治府事，理民訟，接賓客，閱士卒，會僚佐講究邊防利病，次則巡城視役，晚入書院講論經史。 築城之杵，用錢監未鑄之鐵，事畢還之。 城成，會上元日張燈，士民扶老攜幼，往來不絕。 有老嫗百歲，二子輿之，諸孫從，至府致謝。 榦禮之，命具酒炙，且勞以金帛。 嫗曰：「老婦之來，為一郡生靈謝耳，太守之賜非所冀也。」 不受而去。 是歲大旱，榦祈輒雨，或未出，晨興登郡閣，望灊山再拜，雨即至。 後二年，金人破黃州沙窩諸關，淮東、西皆震，獨安慶按堵如故。 繼而霖潦餘月，巨浸暴至，城屹然無虞。 舒人德之，相謂曰：「不殘於寇，不滔於水，生汝者黃父也。」
Soon he was recalled to Anqing; when he arrived the Jin had taken Guangshan and the frontier was alight with alarm. Anqing lay close to Guangshan, and popular fear ran high. He asked the court to wall Anqing for defense; without awaiting reply he began work that same day. The wall was split into twelve sections; he built one section first, reckoned its cost, then assigned officials, local notables, and gentry to each section. He drafted five thousand militiamen for ninety days each; by household wealth he raised twenty thousand corvée men for ten days each. Crews rotated; in summer they rested six days a month and one hour at noon; by autumn rest was cut in half. Each dawn at the fifth drum Gan sat in hall; moat officers took orders and received the day's plan: draft so many militia from one township, so many laborers from another; post them under a given section head, or haul timber and earth to a given section; when a section's militia and laborers should rotate, and how much cash and grain to pay on release. Orders given, he turned to prefectural affairs, lawsuits, guests, troop review, staff conferences on border ills, wall inspection, and evening lectures in the academy. Wall tampers used unminted iron from the mint; when work ended the metal went back. When the wall stood, Lantern Festival lights drew old and young in an unbroken stream. A centenarian was borne in a litter by two sons, grandsons following, to thank him at the yamen. Gan received her with ceremony, ordered wine and meat, and offered silk. She said, "I come to thank you for a whole commandery's lives, not suited for the prefect's bounty." She refused the gifts and left. That year drought was severe; his prayers brought rain; if rain delayed he rose at dawn, climbed the tower, bowed toward Mount Qian, and rain came. Two years later the Jin broke Huangzhou Shawan passes; both Huai regions shook, yet Anqing alone stayed calm. Months of rain followed; floodwaters rose, yet the wall held without harm. Shu people said, "Neither bandits nor flood destroyed us—Father Huang gave us life."
8
制置李珏辟為參議官，再辭不受。 既而朝命與徐僑兩易和州，且令先赴制府稟議，榦即日解印趨制府。 和州人日望其來，曰：「是嘗檄至吾郡鞫死囚、感夢於井中者，庶能直吾屈乎。」
Pacification commissioner Li Jue made him consulting officer; twice he declined. The court then swapped him with Xu Qiao at Hezhou and ordered him to the pacification office first; Gan surrendered his seal and went at once. Hezhou people awaited him, saying, "This is he who once tried a capital case here and was moved by a dream of someone in a well—perhaps he can right our wrongs."
9
先是，榦移書珏曰：「丞相誅韓之後，懲意外之變，專用左右親信之人，往往得罪於天下公議。 世之君子遂從而歸咎於丞相，丞相不堪其咎，繼然逐去之，而左右親信者其用愈專矣。 平居無事，紀綱紊亂，不過州縣之間，百姓受禍。 至於軍政不修，邊備廢弛，皆此曹為之，若今大敵在境，更不改圖，大事去矣。 今日之急，莫大於此。」 又曰：「今日之計，莫若用兩淮之人，食兩淮之粟，守兩淮之地。 然其策當先明保伍，保伍既明，則為之立堡砦，蓄馬、製軍器以資其用，不過累月，軍政可成。 且淮民遭丙寅之厄，今聞金人遷汴，莫不狼顧脅息，有棄田廬、挈妻子渡江之意，其間勇悍者。 且將伺變竊發。 嚮日胡海、張軍之變，為害甚於金，今若不早為之圖，則兩淮日見荒墟，卒有警急，攘臂而起矣。」 珏皆不能用。
Earlier Gan wrote Jue, "After the chief minister killed Han, fearing surprise, he relied only on close favorites who have often offended public opinion. Worthy men blamed the chief minister; unable to bear it he drove them away, while favorites grew more exclusive. In quiet times discipline broke down to county level and the people suffered. Military neglect and slack borders were their work; with the enemy at the gate, without change the cause is lost. Today's urgency is nowhere greater than this." He also said, "The plan for today is to use men of the two Huai, eat their grain, and hold their land. But policy must first clarify mutual-aid units; then build forts, keep horses, and forge arms—in a few months the army can be made whole. Since the bingyin disaster Huai people, hearing the Jin move to Bian, tremble and gasp, ready to abandon farms and cross the river with families; among them are fierce men, who will watch their chance to rise in secret revolt. Hu Hai and Zhang Jun's revolts once hurt us more than the Jin; without early planning the two Huai will become desert, and at the first alarm men will rise." Jue could adopt none of it.
10
及至制府，珏往惟揚視師，與偕行，榦言：「敵既退，當思所以賞功罰罪者。 崔惟揚能於清平山豫立義砦，斷金人右臂，方儀真能措置捍禦，不使軍民倉皇奔軼，此二人者當薦之。 泗上之敗，劉倬可斬也。 某州官吏三人攜家奔竄，追而治之，然後具奏可也。」 其時幕府書館皆輕儇浮靡之士，僚吏士民有獻謀畫，多為毀抹疏駁。 將帥偏，人心不附，所向無功。 流移滿道，而諸司長吏張宴無虛日。 榦知不足與共事，歸自惟揚，再辭和州之命，仍乞祠，閉閣謝客，宴樂不與。 乃復告珏曰：
At the pacification office Jue went to Huaiyang to inspect troops and took Gan, who said, "The enemy has withdrawn; it is time to reward merit and punish guilt. Cui Weiyang built a fort at Qingpingshan in advance and cut the Jin right wing; Fang Yizhen organized defense so troops and people did not panic—these two should be recommended. In the Sizhou defeat Liu Zhuo deserves death. Three officials of one prefecture fled with families; pursue and punish, then memorialize." Then the staff were frivolous; plans from officials, clerks, gentry, or people were mostly torn up. Generals were partisan, hearts did not unite, and nothing succeeded. Refugees clogged the roads while department heads feasted without a day free. Knowing he could not serve with them, Gan returned from Huaiyang, declined Hezhou again, begged a sinecure, shut his doors, and joined no feasts. He wrote Jue again, saying:
11
浮光敵退已兩月，安豐已一月，盱眙亦將兩旬，不知吾所措置者何事，所施行者何策。 邊備之弛，又甚於前，日復一日，恬不知懼，恐其禍又不止今春矣。 向者輕信人言，為泗上之役，喪師萬人。 良將勁卒、精兵利器，不戰而淪於泗水，黃團老幼，俘虜殺戮五六千人，盱眙東西數百里，莽為丘墟。 安豐、浮光之事大率類此。 切意千乘言旋，必痛自咎責，出宿於外，大戒於國，曰：「此吾之罪也，有能箴吾失者，疾入諫。」 日與僚屬及四方賢士討論條畫，以為後圖。 今歸已五日矣，但聞請總領、運使至玉麟堂賞牡丹，用妓樂，又聞總領、運使請宴賞亦然，又聞宴僚屬亦然。 邦人諸軍聞之，豈不痛憤。 且視牡丹之紅艷，豈不思邊庭之流血； 視管弦之啁啾，豈不思老幼之哀號； 視棟宇之宏麗，豈不思士卒之暴露； 視飲饌之豐美，豈不思流民之凍餒。 敵國深侵，宇內騷動，主上食不甘味，聽朝不怡； 大臣憂懼，不知所出。 尚書豈得不朝夕憂懼，而乃如是之迂緩暇逸耶！ 今浮光之報又至矣，金欲以十六縣之眾，四月攻浮光，侵五關，且以一縣五千人為率，則當有八萬人攻浮光，以萬人刈吾麥，以五萬人攻吾關。 吾之守關不過五六百人，豈能當萬人之眾哉？ 則關之不可守決矣。 五關失守，則蘄、黃決不可保； 蘄、黃不保，則江南危。 尚書聞此亦已數日，乃不聞有所施行，何耶？
The enemy left Fuguang two months ago, Anfeng one month, Xuyi nearly twenty days—what have we done, what policy enacted? Border defense is laxer than before; day by day complacency grows—I fear disaster will not end with this spring. Earlier, trusting men's words, you undertook Sizhou and lost ten thousand men. Good generals, crack troops, sharp weapons—all went to the Sishui without fighting; Huang and Tuan lost five or six thousand; for hundreds of li around Xuyi the land is ruin. Anfeng and Fuguang were much the same. I thought on your return you would blame yourself, lodge outside, warn the realm, and say, "This is my fault; whoever can admonish me, speak at once." Daily you would debate plans with staff and worthies from afar. Five days since return, yet I hear only of inviting fiscal and transport chiefs to Yulin Hall for peonies with singing girls, and the same at other feasts. When command people and armies hear this, how can they not rage? To gaze on crimson peonies—is one blind to border blood? To hear pipes twitter—is one deaf to old and young wailing? To view grand halls—is one blind to soldiers' exposure? To taste rich fare—is one deaf to refugees starving? The enemy presses deep; the realm trembles; the Son of Heaven eats without taste and holds court in grief; ministers are anxious and know not what to do. How can the Secretariat not worry day and night, yet be so slow and leisurely! Word from Fuguang: the Jin will attack in the fourth month with sixteen counties—eighty thousand on Fuguang, ten thousand reaping our wheat, fifty thousand on the passes. Our garrisons hold five or six hundred each—how withstand ten thousand? The passes cannot be held—that is settled. If the five passes fall, Qi and Huang cannot be held; if Qi and Huang fall, Jiangnan is in peril. The Secretariat has heard this for days, yet nothing is done—why?
12
其它言皆激切，同幕忌之尤甚，共詆排之。 厥後光、黃、蘄繼失，果如其言。 遂力辭去，請祠不已。
His other words were equally sharp; secretariat colleagues hated him and slandered him together. Later Guang, Huang, and Qi fell in turn, just as he had warned. He pressed to leave and begged a sinecure without cease.
13
俄再命知安慶，不就，入廬山訪其友李燔、陳宓，相與盤旋玉淵、三峽間，俯仰其師舊跡，講《乾》、《坤》二卦於白鹿書院，山南北之士皆來集。 未幾，召赴行在所奏事，除大理丞，不拜，為御史李楠所劾。
Soon he was ordered again to Anqing but declined; he went to Mount Lu to visit Li Fan and Chen Mi, wandered Jade Abyss and the Three Gorges, traced their teacher's footsteps, lectured on Qian and Kun at White Deer Academy, and scholars from north and south of the mountain gathered. Soon he was summoned to court; made vice director of judicial review he refused, and censor Li Nan impeached him.
14
初，榦入荊湖幕府，奔走諸關，與江、淮豪傑游，而豪傑往往願依榦。 及倅安豐、武定，諸將皆歸心焉。 後倅建康，守漢陽，聲聞益著。 諸豪又深知榦倜儻有謀，及來安慶，且兼制幕，長淮軍民之心，翕然相向。 此聲既出，在位者益忌，且慮榦入見必直言邊事，以悟上意，至是群起擠之。
When Gan first entered the Jing-Hu secretariat he traveled the passes and mingled with Jiang-Huai heroes who often wished to follow him. As vice-prefect at Anfeng and Wuding, the generals all gave him their loyalty. Later at Jiankang and as prefect of Hanyang his renown grew. Heroes knew Gan was bold and shrewd; at Anqing, also on the pacification staff, Long Huai soldiers and people turned to him as one. Once this spread, those in power feared he would speak frankly on the border at audience and awaken the throne; they banded together to force him out.
15
榦遂歸里，弟子日盛，巴蜀、江、湖之士皆來，編禮著書，日不暇給，夜與之講論經理，亹亹不倦，借鄰寺以處之，朝夕往來，質疑請益如熹時。 俄命知潮州，辭不行，差主管亳州明道宮，逾月遂乞致仕，詔許之，特授承議郎。 既沒後數年，以門人請諡，又特贈朝奉郎，與一子下州文學，諡文肅。 有《經解》、文集行於世。
Gan went home; disciples multiplied; scholars from Ba-Shu and the lakes came; he edited rites and wrote books by day and lectured on principle by night without rest, lodging students at a neighboring monastery as in Xi's day. Ordered to Chaozhou he declined; assigned to Mingdao Palace in Bozhou, within a month he sought retirement, was granted it, and made Gentlemen for Discussion. Years after his death disciples sought a posthumous name; he was given Court Tribute and one son lower-prefecture literary studies; posthumous title Wensu. His classical exegesis and collected writings circulate in the world.
16
李燔字敬子，南康建昌人。 少孤，依舅氏。 中紹熙元年進士第，授岳州教授，未上，往建陽從朱熹學。 熹告以曾子弘毅之語，且曰：「致遠固以毅，而任重貴乎弘也。」 燔退，以「弘」名其齋而自儆焉。 至岳州，教士以古文六藝，不因時好，且曰：「古之人皆通材，用則文武兼焉。」 即武學諸生文振而識高者拔之，辟射圃，令其習射； 稟老將之長於藝者，以率偷惰。 以祖母卒，解官承重而歸。
Li Fan, courtesy name Jingzi, was from Jianchang in Nan'kang. Orphaned young, he lived with his mother's kin. In the first year of Shaoxi he passed the jinshi, was made professor at Yuezhou, and before reporting went to Jianyang to study under Zhu Xi. Xi cited Zengzi on resolute breadth and said, "Distance demands resoluteness, but bearing a heavy charge values breadth more." Fan withdrew and named his study Breadth to admonish himself. At Yuezhou he taught the ancient texts and six arts against fashion and said, "Men of old were versatile; in office they united civil and military skill." He picked keen military students, opened an archery ground, and had them drill; he brought in veteran masters of arms to discipline the lax. When his grandmother died he left office to mourn.
17
改襄陽府教授。 復往見熹，熹嘉之，凡諸生未達者先令訪燔，俟有所發，乃從熹折衷，諸生畏服。 熹謂人曰：「燔交友有益，而進學可畏，且直諒樸實，處事不苟，它日任斯道者必燔也。」 熹沒，學禁嚴，燔率同門往會葬，視封窆，不少怵。 及詔訪遺逸，九江守以燔薦，召赴都堂審察，辭，再召，再辭。 郡守請為白鹿書院堂長，學者雲集，講學之盛，它郡無與比。
He was made professor at Xiangyang Prefecture. He visited Xi again; Xi praised him; students not yet clear were sent first to Fan, then to Xi for judgment, and all submitted in awe. Xi said, "Fan's friendships help and his learning awes; he is plain and upright in affairs—he will bear the Way hereafter." When Xi died learning was banned; Fan led fellows to the funeral and watched the tomb sealed without fear. When the court sought hidden worthies Jiujiang recommended Fan; summoned to court examination he declined, and declined again. The prefect made him hall director at White Deer Academy; scholars gathered and lectures flourished beyond any other prefecture.
18
除大理司直，辭，尋添差江西運司幹辦公事，江西帥李珏、漕使王補之交薦之。 會洞寇作亂，帥、漕議平之，而各持其說。 燔徐曰：「寇非吾民耶？ 豈必皆惡。 然其如是，誠以吾有司貪刻者激之，及將校之邀功者逼城之耳。 反是而行之，則皆民矣。」 帥、漕曰：「幹辦議是。 誰可行者？」 燔請自往，乃駐兵萬安，會近洞諸巡尉，察隅保之尤無良者易置之，分兵守險，馳辯士諭賊逆順禍福，寇皆帖服。
Made judicial review director he declined; soon given additional duty on the Jiangxi transport staff; Li Jue and Wang Bu both recommended him. When Yao bandits rose, commander and transport commissioner debated how to pacify them but disagreed. Fan said slowly, "Are bandits not our people as well? Must every one of them be evil? They are as they are because greedy officials provoked them and officers seeking merit pressed the walls. Reverse that and they are people again." Commander and commissioner said, "The staff officer is right. Who can go?" Fan volunteered; he stationed troops at Wan'an, met nearby Yao patrol officers, replaced the worst corner guards, held the defiles, sent speakers to explain fortune to the rebels, and all submitted.
19
洪州地下，異時贛江漲而堤壞，久雨輒澇，燔白於帥、漕修之，自是田皆沃壤。 漕司以十四界會子新行，價日損，乃視民稅產物力，各藏會子若干，官為封識，不時點閱，人愛重之則價可增，慢令者黥籍，而民譸張，持空券益不售。 燔與國子學錄李誠之力爭不能止。 燔又入札爭之曰：「錢荒楮涌，子母不足以相權，不能行楮者，由錢不能權之也。 楮不行而抑民藏之，是棄物也。 誠能節用，先穀粟之實務，而不取必於楮幣，則楮幣為實用矣。」 札入，漕司即弛禁，詣燔謝。 燔又念社倉之置，僅貸有田之家，而力田之農不得沾惠，遂倡議裒谷創社倉，以貸佃人。
Hongzhou is low-lying; when the Gan rose dikes broke and long rain flooded; Fan had them repaired and fields became fertile. The transport office, as new fourteen-border huizi lost value daily, ordered households to hoard sealed notes under inspection—disobedience meant tattooing—yet people clamored with empty certificates and notes sold less. Fan and Guozijian recorder Li Cheng fought it together but could not stop it. Fan memorialized again: "Money is scarce and paper floods; parent and child cannot balance; notes fail because money cannot balance them. Forcing people to hoard notes that do not circulate is to discard a thing. Truly economize, put grain first, do not insist on paper, and paper becomes useful." When the memorial arrived the transport office relaxed the ban and apologized to Fan. Fan saw community granaries lent only to landowners while tenants gained nothing; he gathered grain for a granary to lend to tenants.
20
有旨改官，通判潭州，辭，不許。 真德秀為長沙帥，一府之事咸咨燔。 不數月，辭歸。 當是時，史彌遠當國，廢皇子竑，燔以三綱所關，自是不復出矣。 真德秀及右史魏了翁薦之，差權通判隆興府，江西帥魏大有辟充參議官，皆辭，乃以直秘閣主管慶元至道宮。 燔自惟居閒無以報國，乃薦崔與之、魏了翁、真德秀、陳宓、鄭寅、楊長孺、丁黼、棄宰、龔維藩、徐僑、劉宰、洪咨夔於朝。
An edict promoted him; made vice-prefect of Tanzhou he declined but was refused. When Zhen Dexiu commanded Changsha, the whole prefecture consulted Fan. Within months he resigned and went home. When Shi Miyuan ruled and deposed Prince Qi, Fan, seeing the three bonds at stake, never went out again. Zhen Dexiu and Wei Liaoweng recommended him; acting vice-prefect of Longxing and consulting officer under Wei Dayou he declined; he was made direct gentleman of the Secretariat in charge of Zhidao Palace. Thinking he could not repay the state in retirement, Fan recommended Cui Yuzhi, Wei Liaoweng, Zhen Dexiu, Chen Mi, Zheng Yin, Yang Changru, Ding Fu, Qi Zai, Gong Weifan, Xu Qiao, Liu Zai, and Hong Ziakui.
21
紹定五年，帝論及當時高士累召不起者，史臣李心傳以燔對，且曰：「燔乃朱熹高弟，經術行義亞黃榦，當今海內一人而已。」 帝問今安在，心傳對曰：「燔，南康人，先帝以大理司直召，不起，比乞致仕。 陛下誠能強起之，以置講筵，其裨聖學豈淺淺哉。」 帝然其言，終不召也。 九江蔡念成稱燔心事有如秋月。 燔卒，年七十，贈直華文閣，諡文定，補其子舉下州文學。
In Shaoding year 5 the emperor spoke of eminent men who would not come when summoned; Li Xinchuan answered with Fan: "Fan is Zhu Xi's chief disciple; in learning and conduct he is next to Huang Gan—within the seas there is only this one." Asked where Fan was, Xinchuan said he was from Nan'kang, had refused judicial review under the former emperor, and had lately sought retirement. If Your Majesty could summon him to the lecture seat, how shallow would the benefit to sagely learning be!" The emperor agreed but never summoned him. Cai Niancheng of Jiujiang said Fan's inner life was like the autumn moon. Fan died at seventy; given Direct Huawen Gentleman and posthumous Wendi; his son received lower-prefecture literary studies.
22
燔嘗曰：「凡人不必待仕宦有位為職事，方為功業，但隨力到處有以及物，即功業矣。」 又嘗曰：「仕宦至卿相，不可失寒素體。 夫子無入不自得者，正以磨挫驕奢，不至居移氣、養移體。」 因誦古語曰：「分之所在，一毫躋攀不上，善處者退一步耳。」 故燔處貧賤患難若平素，不為動，被服布素，雖貴不易。 入仕凡四十二年，而歷官不過七考。 居家講道，學者宗之，與黃榦並稱曰「黃、李。」 孫鑣，登進士第。
Fan once said, "One need not wait for office to have achievement; wherever strength reaches to help others, that is achievement." He also said, "Even as minister one must not lose plain simplicity. The Master's ease wherever he entered was to grind pride and luxury so dwelling would not shift temper nor nurture shift the body." He quoted an old saying: "Where rank sits, not a hair may one climb; the wise step back." Fan in poverty and hardship was unmoved as in ordinary times and wore plain cloth though honored. In forty-two years of service he passed no more than seven evaluations. At home he taught the Way; scholars honored him; with Huang Gan he was called Huang and Li." His grandson Biao passed the jinshi.
23
張洽字元德，臨江之清江人。 父紱，第進士。 洽少穎異，從朱熹學，自《六經》傳注而下，皆究其指歸，至於諸子百家、山經地誌、老子浮屠之說，無所不讀。 嘗取管子所謂「思之思之，又重思之，思之不通，鬼神將通之」之語，以為窮理之要。 熹嘉其篤志，謂黃榦曰：「所望以永斯道之傳，如二三君者不數人也。」
Zhang Qia, courtesy name Yuande, was from Qingjiang in Linjiang. His father Fu passed the jinshi. Qia was precocious and studied under Zhu Xi; from the Six Classics down he traced every teaching; he read the hundred schools, geographies, Laozi, and Buddhist texts without exception. He took Guanzi's "Think, think; think again; if thought fails, spirits will aid" as the key to exhausting principle. Xi praised his resolve and told Huang Gan, "Those who will perpetuate the Way—such men are few."
24
時行社倉法，洽請於縣，貸常平米三百石，建倉里中，六年而歸其本於官，鄉人利之。 嘉定元年中第，授松滋尉。 湖右經界不正，弊日甚，洽請行推排法，令以委洽。 洽於是令民自實其土地疆界產業之數投於匱，乃籌核而次第之，吏奸無所匿。 其後十餘年，訟者猶援以為證云。
When community granaries were enacted Qia borrowed three hundred piculs of ever-normal grain, built a village granary, returned principal in six years, and villagers profited. In the first year of Jiading he passed and was made sheriff of Songzi. Lake-right land boundaries were wrong and abuses grew; Qia carried out push-and-check and the prefecture entrusted him. He had people report land and property into a chest, calculated and ranked them, and clerical fraud could not hide. More than ten years later litigants still cited it as proof.
25
改袁州司理參軍。 有大囚，訊之則服，尋復變異，且力能動搖官吏，累年不決，而逮系者甚眾。 洽以白提點刑獄，殺之。 有盜黠甚，辭不能折。 會獄有兄弟爭財者，洽諭之曰：「訟於官，祗為胥吏之地，且冒法以求勝，孰與各守分以全手足之愛乎？」 辭氣懇切，訟者感悟。 盜聞之，自伏。 民有殺人，賄其子焚之，居數年，事敗，洽治其獄無狀，憂之，且白郡委官體訪。 俄夢有人拜於庭，示以傷痕在脅。 翌日，委官上其事，果然。
He was made judicial military adjutant of Yuanzhou. A great prisoner confessed then changed his tale and swayed officials; for years it was unresolved while many remained detained. Qia reported to the judicial intendant and had him executed. A very cunning thief defied his questioning. When brothers disputed property Qia said, "Court is only clerks' ground; risking law to win—why not keep your shares and preserve brotherly love?" His tone was earnest and the litigants were moved. The thief heard and confessed. A killer bribed his son to burn the corpse; years later it was exposed; Qia found no proof, worried, and asked the prefect to investigate on site. Soon he dreamed of someone bowing in court showing rib wounds. Next day the officer reported, and it was so.
26
郡守以倉稟虛，籍倉吏二十餘家，命洽鞫之，洽廉知為都吏所賣。 都吏者，州之巨蠹也，嘗干於倉不獲，故以此中之。 洽度守意銳未可嬰，姑繫之，而密令計倉庾所入以白守曰：「君之籍二十餘家者，以胥吏也。 今校數歲之中所入，已豐於昔，由是觀之，胥吏妄矣。 君必不忍受胥吏之妄，而籍無罪之家也。 若以罪胥吏，過乃可免。」 守悟，為罷都吏，而免所籍之家。
The prefect, finding granaries empty, registered twenty granary households and ordered Qia to try them; Qia knew the chief clerk had framed them. The chief clerk was the prefecture's great parasite; refused at the granary, he framed these men. Qia saw the prefect was sharp and not to be crossed; he detained the clerk and secretly counted intake, telling the prefect, "Your twenty households are because of clerks. Comparing years of intake, stores are richer than before—the clerks lied. You cannot bear clerks' lies yet register innocent households. Punish the clerks and the fault is escaped." The prefect understood, dismissed the chief clerk, and released the households.
27
知永新縣。 一日謁告，聞獄中榜笞聲，蓋獄吏受賕，乘間訊囚使誣服也。 洽大怒，亟執付獄，明日以上於郡，黥之。 湖南酃寇作亂，與縣接壤，民大恐。 洽單車以往，邑佐、寓士交諫，弗聽。 至則寇未嘗至，乃延見隅官，訪利害而犒之，因行安福境上，結約土豪，得其歡心。 未幾，南安舒寇將犯境，聞有備，乃去。
He was made magistrate of Yongxin. On leave he heard beating in the prison—a jailer had taken a bribe and forced a false confession. Qia in rage seized him, jailed him, and next day reported to the prefecture for tattooing. Ling bandits rebelled in Hunan; the county bordered them and people were terrified. Qia went alone in a single cart; aides and resident gentry urged him in turn but he would not hear them. He arrived before the bandits; he received corner officers, asked their needs, rewarded them, toured the Anfu border, made covenants with local strongmen, and won their hearts. Soon Nan'an Shu bandits were about to invade; hearing defenses were ready, they withdrew.
28
以江東提舉常平薦，通判池州。 獄有張德修者，誤蹴人以死，獄吏誣以故殺，洽訊而疑之，請再鞫，守不聽。 會提點常平袁甫至，時方大旱，禱不應，洽言於甫曰：「漢、晉以來，濫刑而致旱，伸冤而得雨，載於方冊可考也。 今天大旱，焉知非由德修事乎？」 甫為閱款狀於獄，德修遂從徒罪。 復白郡請蠲征稅，寬催科，以召和氣，守為寬稅。 三日果大雨，民甚悅。 洽數以病請祠，至是主管建昌仙都觀，以慶壽恩賜緋衣、銀魚。
Recommended by the Jiangdong ever-normal intendant, he became vice-prefect of Chizhou. Zhang Dexiu in prison had kicked a man to death by mistake; the jailer charged murder; Qia doubted it and asked a retrial; the prefect refused. Ever-normal intendant Yuan Fu arrived in great drought; prayers failed; Qia told Fu, "Since Han and Jin, harsh punishment brought drought and righting wrongs brought rain—books record it. Today drought is severe—who knows it is not the Dexiu case?" Fu reviewed the prison papers and Dexiu received penal servitude. Qia asked the prefect to cancel levies and ease collection to summon harmony; the prefect eased taxes. Three days later rain fell and the people rejoiced. Qia had often begged a sinecure for illness; now he kept Xiandu Abbey in Jianchang and received crimson robe and silver fish by Celebrating Longevity grace.
29
時袁甫提點江東刑獄，甫以白鹿書院廢弛，招洽為長。 洽曰：「嘻，是先師之跡也，其可辭！」 至則選好學之士日與講說，而汰其不率教者。 凡養士之田乾沒於豪右者復之。 學興，即謝病去。
Yuan Fu was Jiangdong judicial intendant; finding White Deer Academy neglected, he made Qia director. Qia said, "That is my teacher's place—how can I refuse!" He chose keen students for daily lectures and removed the unruly. He recovered student-support fields seized by powerful families. When the academy flourished he resigned on illness and left.
30
端平初，大臣多薦洽，召赴都堂審察，洽以疾不赴，乃除秘書郎，尋遷著作佐郎。 度正、葉味道在經幄，帝數問張洽何時可到，將以說書待洽，洽固辭，遂除直秘閣，主管建康崇禧觀。 嘉熙元年，以疾乞致仕，十月卒，年七十七。
At Duanping's start ministers recommended Qia; summoned to court examination he stayed home for illness; made secretary then assistant compiler. Du Zheng and Ye Weidao served the classics mat; the emperor asked when Qia would come to make him expositor; Qia declined and was made direct gentleman keeping Chongxi Abbey in Jiankang. In the first year of Jiaxi he sought retirement for illness; in the tenth month he died at seventy-seven.
31
洽自少用力於敬，故以「主一」名齋。 平居不異常人，至義所當為，則勇不可奪。 居閒不言朝廷事，或因災異變故，輒顰蹙不樂，及聞一君子進用，士大夫直言朝廷得失，則喜見顏色。 所交皆名士，如呂祖儉、黃榦、趙崇憲、蔡淵、吳必大、輔廣、李道傳、李燔、葉味道、李閎祖、李方子、柴中行、真德秀、魏了翁、李、趙汝讜、陳貴誼、杜孝嚴、度正、張嗣古，皆敬慕之。 卒後一日，有旨除直寶章閣。 所著書有《春秋集注》、《春秋集傳》、《左氏蒙求》、《續通鑒長編事略》、《歷代郡縣地理沿革表》、文集。
From youth he worked at reverence and named his study Maintaining Oneness. In daily life he seemed ordinary, but where duty called his courage could not be shaken. Retired he did not discuss court affairs, yet disasters wrung his brow; when a worthy was advanced or gentlemen spoke frankly of court errors, joy showed on his face. His friends were famous men—Lü Zujian, Huang Gan, Zhao Chongxian, Cai Yuan, Wu Bida, Fu Guang, Li Daochuan, Li Fan, Ye Weidao, Li Hongzu, Li Fangzi, Chai Zhongxing, Zhen Dexiu, Wei Liaoweng, Li Qi, Zhao Rujing, Chen Guiyi, Du Xiaoyan, Du Zheng, Zhang Sigu—all revered him. A day after his death an edict made him Direct Baozhang Gentleman. He wrote Collected Notes on the Spring and Autumn, Collected Commentary, Zuo Tradition Primer, Outline of the Continued Mirror, geographical tables through the ages, and collected works.
32
子㯝、檉，賜同進士出身。
His sons Kan and Cheng received jinshi by special grace.
33
陳淳字安卿，漳州龍溪人。 少習舉子業，林宗臣見而奇之，且曰：「此非聖賢事業也。」 因授以《近思錄》，淳退而讀之，遂盡棄其業焉。
Chen Chun, courtesy name Anqing, was from Longxi in Zhangzhou. Young he studied for examinations; Lin Zongchen marveled and said, "This is not the work of sages." He gave him Reflections on Things Near at Hand; Chun read it and abandoned examination studies.
34
及朱熹來守其鄉，淳請受教，熹曰：「凡閱義理，必窮其原，如為人父何故止於慈，為人子何故止於孝，其他可類推也。」 淳聞而為學益力，日求其所未至。 熹數語人以「南來，吾道喜得陳淳」，門人有疑問不合者，則稱淳善問。 後十年，淳復往見熹，陳其所得，時熹已寢疾，語之曰：「如公所學，已見本原，所闕者下學之功爾。」 自是所聞皆要切語，凡三月而熹卒。
When Zhu Xi governed his district Chun sought instruction; Xi said, "In examining principle exhaust its root—why does fatherhood stop at kindness, sonhood at filial piety; infer the rest by kind." Chun pressed harder and daily sought what he had not reached. Xi often said coming south he was glad to gain Chen Chun; when students disagreed he called Chun good at questions. Ten years later Chun presented his attainments; Xi was gravely ill and said, "You have seen the root; what lacks is lower learning." Thereafter he heard only essential words; in three months Xi died.
35
淳追思師訓，前自裁抑，無書不讀，無物不格，日積月累，義理貫通，洞見條緒。 故其言太極曰：太極只是理，理本圓，故太極之體渾淪。 以理言，則自末而本，自本而末，一聚一散，而太極無所不極其至。 自萬古之前與萬古之後，無端無始，此渾淪太極之全體也。 自其沖漠無朕，而天地萬物皆由是出，及天地萬物既由是出，又復沖漠無朕，此渾淪無極之妙用也。 聖人一心渾淪太極之全體，而酬酢萬變，無非太極流行之用。 學問工夫，須從萬事萬物中貫過，湊成一渾淪大本，又於渾淪大本中散為萬事萬物，使無少窒礙，然後實體得渾淪至極者在我，而大用不差矣。」
Recalling his teacher he restrained himself, read all books, investigated all things, and month by month principle ran clear. On the Supreme Ultimate he said: it is only principle; principle is round, so its substance is undifferentiated. In principle, from branch to root and root to branch, gathering and scattering, the Supreme Ultimate reaches everywhere. From endless past to endless future without beginning or end—this is the whole undifferentiated Supreme Ultimate. From still emptiness all things emerge; once emerged it returns to still emptiness—the wondrous function of the limitless. The sage's one mind is the whole undifferentiated Supreme Ultimate; responding to change is all its circulating function. Learning must run through all things and gather one undifferentiated root, then scatter again without obstruction—then the utmost substance is in oneself and the great function is true."
36
其言仁曰：「仁只是天理生生之全體，無表裡、動靜、隱顯、精粗之間，惟此心純是天理之公，而絕無一毫人欲之私，乃可以當其名。 若一處有病痛，一事有欠闕，一念有間斷，則私意行而生理息，即頑痹不仁矣。」
On benevolence: "Benevolence is heaven's principle wholly alive, without gap between inner and outer, movement and stillness; only when the mind is purely heaven's public without human desire can it bear the name. One pain, one lack, one broken thought—and private intent runs while living principle stops: that is benumbed unbenevolence."
37
其語學者曰：「道理初無玄妙，只在日用人事間，但循序用功，便自有見。 所謂『下學上達』者，須下學工夫到，乃可從事上達，然不可以此而安於小成也。 夫盈天地間千條萬緒，是多少人事； 聖人大成之地，千節萬目，是多少功夫。 惟當開拓心胸，大作基址。 須萬理明徹於胸中，將此心放在天地間一例看，然後可以語孔、孟之樂。 須明三代法度，通之於當今而無不宜，然後為全儒，而可以語王佐事業。 須運用酬酢，如探諸囊中而不匱，然後為資之深，取之左右逢其原，而真為已物矣。 至於以天理人欲分數而驗賓主進退之幾，如好好色，惡惡臭，而為天理人欲強弱之證，必使之於是是非非如辨黑白，如遇鏌鎁，不容有騎牆不決之疑，則雖艱難險阻之中，無不從容自適，夫然後為知之至而行之盡。」 此語又中學者膏肓，而示以標的也。
He told learners: "Principle is not mysterious; it is in daily affairs; apply effort in order and you will see. Lower learning reaching upward' needs lower learning complete before upward work—but do not rest in small accomplishment. Filling heaven and earth are thousands of threads—how many human affairs; the sage's ground of great completion has thousands of joints and myriad facets—how much effort. One must open the mind and lay a great foundation. Myriad principles must be clear in the breast; view the mind as one with the world—then one may speak of Confucius and Mencius's joy. Understand Three Dynasties institutions and apply them to the present—then one is a complete Confucian fit for king-assisting work. Deploy and respond as from an inexhaustible bag—then the store is deep, left and right meet the source, and it is truly one's own. Divide principle and desire, test advance and retreat as loving beauty and hating stench—yes and no must be black and white, no straddling; then even in danger one is at ease: knowing is utmost and action complete." This speech struck learners' deep sickness and showed the target.
38
淳性孝，母疾亟，號泣於天，乞以身代。 弟妹未有室家者，皆婚嫁之。 葬宗族之喪無歸者。 居鄉不沽名徇俗，恬然退守，若無聞焉。 然名播天下，世雖不用，而憂時論事，感慨動人，郡守以下皆禮重之，時造其廬而請焉。
Filial by nature, when his mother was critical he wept to heaven and begged to take her place. He married off brothers and sisters not yet wed. He buried clansmen with nowhere to bury their dead. In the village he did not chase fame but calmly withdrew as if unknown. His name spread worldwide; though unused, his talk of the times moved people; prefects honored him and came to his hut.
39
嘉定九年，待試中都，歸過嚴陵郡守鄭之悌，率僚屬延講郡庠。 淳嘆陸、張、王，學問無源，全用禪家宗旨，認形氣之虛靈知覺為天理之妙，不由窮理格物，而欲徑造上達之境，反托聖門以自標榜。 遂發明吾道之體統，師友之淵源，用功之節目，讀書之次序，為四章以示學者。 明年，以特奏恩授迪功郎、泉州安溪主簿，未上而沒，年六十五。 其所著有《語孟大學中庸》口義、字義、詳講，《禮》、《詩》、《女學》等書，門人錄其語，號《筠谷瀨口金山所聞》。
In Jiading year 9, awaiting capital examination, he passed Yanling; Prefect Zheng Zhitie and staff heard him lecture at the prefectural school. Chun lamented Lu, Zhang, and Wang: learning without source, using Chan aims, taking void spirit and awareness as heaven's principle, skipping investigation yet claiming the sage's gate. He set forth our Way's substance, teachers' source, effort's nodes, and reading's order in four chapters for learners. Next year by special grace he was made probationary merit officer and Anxi recorder in Quanzhou; before reporting he died at sixty-five. He wrote oral exegeses on the Four Books, Rites, Odes, and Women's Learning; disciples recorded What Was Heard at Jun Valley, Lai Mouth, and Jin Mountain.
40
李方子
Li Fangzi
41
李方子字公晦，昭武人。 少博學能文，為人端謹純篤。 初見朱熹，謂曰：「觀公為人，自是寡過，但寬大中要規矩，和緩中要果決。」 遂以「果」名齋。 長游太學，學官李道傳折官位輩行具刺就謁。
Li Fangzi, courtesy name Gonghui, was from Zhaowu. Young he was learned and wrote well; proper, cautious, pure, and earnest. Meeting Zhu Xi, Xi said, "You are naturally free of many faults—but breadth needs rule and gentleness needs firm decision." He named his study Fruit. At the Imperial College, academic officer Li Daochuan set aside rank and came with calling cards.
42
嘉定七年，廷對擢第三，調泉州觀察推官。 適真德秀來為守，以師友禮之，郡政大小咸咨焉。 暇則辨論經訓，至夜分不倦。 故事，秩滿必先通書廟堂乃除，方子曰：「以書通，是求也。」 時丞相彌遠聞之怒，逾年始除國子錄。 無何，將選入宮僚，而方子不少貶以求合。 或告彌遠曰：「此真德秀黨也。」 使台臣劾罷之。
In Jiading year 7 he placed third in the palace exam and was made Quanzhou investigating officer. Zhen Dexiu came as prefect and treated him as teacher and friend; all prefectural affairs were consulted. In leisure they debated classics until midnight without tiring. By precedent one must write the temple before promotion; Fangzi said, "Writing the temple is begging." Chief minister Miyuan was angry; after a year he was made Guozijian recorder. Soon to be chosen for palace staff, Fangzi would not demean himself to fit in. Someone told Miyuan, "He is Zhen Dexiu's man." Censors impeached and dismissed him.
43
方子既歸，學者畢集，危坐竟日，未始傾側，對賓客一語不妄發，雖奴隸亦不加詬詈，然常嚴憚之。 嘗語人曰：「吾於問學雖未能周盡，然幸於大本有見處，此心常覺泰然，不為物欲所漬爾。」 其亡也，天子閔之，與一子恩澤。
Returned, learners gathered; he sat upright all day; with guests he spoke no careless word; even slaves he did not revile yet they feared him. He said, "Though not thorough in learning, on the great root I have insight; this mind stays calm and is not soaked by desire." At his death the emperor pitied him and favored one son.
44
黃灝字商伯，南康都昌人。 幼敏悟強記，肄業荊山僧舍三年，入太學，擢進士第。 教授隆興府，知德化縣，以興學校、崇政化為本。 歲饉，行振給有方。 王藺、劉穎薦於朝，除登聞鼓院。 光宗即位，遷太常寺簿，論今禮教廢闕，請敕有司取政和冠昏喪葬儀，及司馬光、高閌等書參訂行之。
Huang Hao, courtesy name Shangbo, was from Duchang in Nan'kang. Young he was keen and memorized well; three years at Jingshan monastery, then the college and jinshi. Professor at Longxing and magistrate of Dehua—he rooted work in schools and good government. In famine he relieved with method. Wang Lin and Liu Ying recommended him; he was made Petition Drum Court officer. Guangzong made him Imperial Sacrifices recorder; he said ritual teaching was abandoned and asked offices to revise Zhenghe rites and books by Sima Guang and Gao Min and enact them.
45
除太府寺丞，出知常州，提舉本路常平。 秀州海鹽民伐桑柘，毀屋廬，莩殣盈野，或食其子持一臂行乞，而州縣方督促捕欠，顥見之蹙然。 時有旨倚閣夏稅，遂奏乞並閣秋苗，不俟報行之。 言者罪其專，移居筠州，已而寢謫命，止削兩秩，而從其蠲閣之請。
Vice director of the Imperial Treasury, then prefect of Changzhou and circuit ever-normal intendant. At Xiuzhou Haiyan people cut trees and destroyed homes; corpses filled the fields and some ate their children begging with an arm—yet counties pressed for arrears; Hao knit his brow. An order deferred summer tax; he memorialized to defer autumn grain too and enacted without awaiting reply. Critics faulted his overreach; he was moved to Yunzhou; later demotion was suspended—two ranks cut but deferral was granted.
46
灝既歸里，幅巾深衣，騎驢匡山間，若素隱者。 起知信州，改廣西轉運判官，移廣東提點刑獄，告老不赴。 卒。
Home again, plain scarf and deep robe, riding a donkey on Mount Lu like a recluse. Recalled to Xinzhou, made Guangxi transport judge, Guangdong judicial intendant—he pleaded age and would not go. He died.
47
灝性行端飭，以孝友稱。 朱熹守南康，灝執弟子禮，質疑問難。 熹之沒，黨禁方厲，灝單車往赴，徘徊不忍去者久之。
Hao was proper and famed for filial piety and brotherly love. When Zhu Xi held Nan'kang, Hao performed disciple's rites and questioned him. When Xi died the faction ban was fierce; Hao drove alone to the funeral and lingered, unable to leave.