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一三七八九页：張邦昌劉豫苗傅劉正彥附杜充吳曦
Pages 13789: Zhang Bangchang, Liu Yu, Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan (with appendix), Du Chong, and Wu Xi
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宋失其政，金人乘之，俘其人民，遷其寶器，效遼故事，立其臣爲君，冠屨易位，莫甚斯時。 高宗南渡，國勢弗振，悍僕狂奴，欺主衰敗，易動於惡。 兵雖凶器，尤忌殘忍，將用忍人，先無仁心，視背君親猶反掌耳。 世將之子使握重兵，居之阨塞之地，豈非召亂之道乎？ 大義昭明，旋踵殄滅，蓋天道也。 扶綱常，遏亂略，作《叛臣傳》。
When the Song forfeited good government, the Jurchens pressed their advantage: they took the people captive, carried off the imperial treasures, and, imitating what the Liao had done before, set up a Song subject as king. Ruler and subject traded places as never before. After Emperor Gaozong fled south across the Yangtze, the dynasty never regained its strength. Bold servants and reckless retainers, finding their master enfeebled, were quick to turn to treachery. Weapons are brutal by nature, but cruelty in their use is doubly dangerous. A commander chosen for his ruthlessness, lacking humaneness from the start, will betray sovereign and kin as readily as he turns his hand. To place the heir of a military house in command of a great army at a strategic choke point—is that not inviting rebellion? When the moral order stands plain, traitors are destroyed in short order—such is the way of Heaven. To uphold moral order and check the designs of rebels, this 'Biographies of Rebellious Ministers' was written.
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張邦昌
Zhang Bangchang
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張邦昌，字子能，永靜軍東光人也。 舉進士，累官大司成，以訓導失職，貶提舉崇福宮，知光、汝二州。 政和末，由知洪州改禮部侍郎。 首請取崇寧、大觀以來瑞應尤殊者增製旗物，從之。 宣和元年，除尚書右丞，轉左丞，遷中書侍郎。 欽宗即位，拜少宰。
Zhang Bangchang, styled Zineng, came from Dongguang in Yongjing Circuit. A jinshi graduate, he rose to Grand Director of Education, but was demoted for dereliction in teaching and made commissioner of Chongfu Palace before serving as prefect of Guang and Ru. Near the end of the Zhenghe reign, he was transferred from Hongzhou prefect to Vice Minister of Rites. He first proposed commissioning new banners and ceremonial objects from the most remarkable omens recorded since Chongning and Daguan, and the court agreed. In Xuanhe 1 he became Right Vice Director of State Affairs, then Left Vice Director, and was promoted to Vice Director of the Secretariat. When Emperor Qinzong took the throne, Bangchang was made Junior Grand Councilor.
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金人犯京師，朝廷議割三鎮，俾康王及邦昌爲質于金以求成。 會姚平仲夜斫金人營，斡離不怒責邦昌，邦昌對以非出朝廷意。 俄進太宰兼門下侍郎。 既而康王還，金人復質肅王以行，仍命邦昌爲河北路割地使。
When the Jurchens besieged the capital, the court considered ceding the Three Circuits and sending the Prince of Kang and Bangchang to the Jin as hostages in exchange for peace. After Yao Pingzhong's night attack on the Jin camp, Wanyan Zonghan rebuked Bangchang in anger; Bangchang answered that the court had not authorized it. Soon he was promoted to Grand Chancellor while retaining the post of Vice Director of the Chancellery. After the Prince of Kang came back, the Jin took the Prince of Su hostage instead and appointed Bangchang commissioner for the cession of Hebei territory.
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初，邦昌力主和議，不意身自爲質，及行，乃要欽宗署御批無變割地議，不許； 又請以璽書付河北，亦不許。 時粘罕兵又來侵，上書者攻邦昌私敵，社稷之賊也。 遂黜邦昌爲觀文殿大學士、中太一宮使，罷割地議。 其冬，金人陷京師，帝再出郊，留青城。
Bangchang had long pushed for peace talks and never imagined he would become a hostage himself. Before departing he asked Qinzong to sign a rescript forbidding any change to the cession policy; the emperor refused. He also requested that an imperial sealed edict be delivered to Hebei, but that was denied as well. When Nianhan's forces invaded again, memorialists denounced Bangchang as a secret friend of the enemy and a traitor to the realm. Bangchang was stripped of power, made Academician of the Hall for Cultivating Literature and commissioner of the Central Grand Unity Palace, and the cession policy was abandoned. That winter the Jin captured the capital; the emperor went out to the suburbs a second time and stayed at Qingcheng.
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明年春，吳開、莫儔自金營持文書來，令推異姓堪爲人主者從軍前備禮冊命。 留守孫傅等不奉命，表請立趙氏。 金人怒，復遣開、儔促之，劫傅等召百官雜議。 衆莫敢出聲，相視久之，計無所出，乃曰：「今日當勉強應命，舉在軍前者一人。」 適尚書員外郎宋齊愈至自外，衆問金人意所主，齊愈書「張邦昌」三字示之，遂定議，以邦昌治國事。 孫傅、張叔夜不署狀，金人執之置軍中。
The following spring Wu Kai and Mo Chou arrived from the Jin camp with orders to nominate a worthy man of non-Zhao surname and send him to the Jin headquarters to receive investiture. Acting prefect Sun Fu and others defied the order and petitioned to enthrone a Zhao clansman. Enraged, the Jin sent Kai and Chou back to hurry matters along and forced Fu and his colleagues to convene the officials for deliberation. No one dared speak. After a long silence they could find no way out and said, 'We must reluctantly comply today and nominate someone already at the Jin camp.' Just then Song Qiyu, an outer-office attache of the Secretariat, came in from outside. When asked whom the Jin preferred, he wrote 'Zhang Bangchang' and showed it to the assembly. The choice was settled, and Bangchang was placed in charge of government. Sun Fu and Zhang Shuye refused to sign; the Jin arrested them and kept them in the army camp.
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王時雍時爲留守，再集百官詣秘書省，至即閉省門，以兵環之，俾範瓊諭衆以立邦昌，衆意唯唯。 有太學生難之，瓊恐沮衆，厲聲折之，遣歸學舍。 時雍先署狀，以率百官。 御史中丞秦檜不書，抗言請立趙氏宗室，且言邦昌當上皇時，專事宴遊，党附權奸，蠹國亂政，社稷傾危實由邦昌。 金人怒，執檜。 開、儔持狀赴軍前。
Wang Shiyong, then acting prefect, assembled the officials again at the Secretariat. As soon as they arrived the gates were shut and soldiers ringed the building. Fan Qiong was told to announce Bangchang's enthronement; the officials murmured reluctant agreement. When a student of the Imperial Academy objected, Qiong, fearing he would dampen the assembly's resolve, shouted him down and sent him back to the dormitory. Shiyong signed first to set an example for the rest. Censor-in-chief Qin Hui would not sign. He protested that a Zhao prince should be enthroned, and declared that under the Retired Emperor Bangchang had done nothing but feast, attached himself to corrupt power-holders, ruined the state, and brought the dynasty to the brink of collapse. The Jin were furious and arrested Hui. Kai and Chou took the signed petition to the Jin camp.
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邦昌入居尚書省，金人趣勸進，邦昌始欲引決，或曰：「相公不前死城外，今欲塗炭一城耶？」 適金人奉冊寶至，邦昌北向拜舞受冊，即偽位，僭號大楚，擬都金陵。 遂升文德殿，設位御床西受賀，遣ト門傳令勿拜，時雍率百官遽拜，邦昌但東面拱立。
Bangchang took up residence in the Secretariat. The Jin pressed him to accept the throne. He first meant to kill himself, but someone said, 'You would not die outside the walls when you had the chance—will you now condemn the whole city?' Just then the Jin delivered the investiture regalia. Bangchang faced north, performed the full obeisance, and accepted the throne. He proclaimed the state Great Chu and planned to establish his capital at Jinling. He entered the Hall of Literary Virtue, took a seat west of the imperial couch to receive congratulations, and sent the Gate Guards to say that no bowing was needed. Shiyong led the officials in hurried bows while Bangchang only stood facing east with clasped hands.
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外統制官、宣贊舍人吳革恥屈節異姓，首率內親事官數百人，皆先殺其妻孥，焚所居，謀舉義金水門外。 範瓊詐與合謀，令悉棄兵仗，乃從後襲殺百餘人，捕革並其子皆殺之，又擒斬十餘人。
Wu Ge, an outer controller and Palace Announcement Attendant, scorned bowing to a usurper. He led several hundred inner-service officers who first killed their wives and children, burned their homes, and planned an uprising outside the Jinshui Gate. Fan Qiong pretended to join the conspiracy and told them to lay down their weapons, then attacked from the rear and killed more than a hundred. Ge and his sons were captured and killed, along with more than ten others.
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是日，風霾，日暈無光。 百官慘沮，邦昌亦變色。 唯時雍、開、儔、瓊等欣然鼓舞，若以爲有佐命功雲。 即以時雍權知樞密院事領尚書省，開權同知樞密院事，儔權簽書樞密院事，呂好問權領門下省，徐秉哲權領中書省。 下令曰：「比緣朝廷多故，百官有司皆失其職。 自今各遵法度，御史台覺察以聞。」 見百官稱「予」，手詔曰「手書」。 獨時雍每言事邦昌前，輒稱「臣啟陛下」，邦昌斥之； 勸邦昌坐紫宸、垂拱殿，呂好問爭之，乃止。 邦昌以嗣位之初，宜推恩四方，以道阻先赦京城，選郎官爲四方密諭使。
That day wind and dust filled the air; the sun was ringed with haze and gave no light. The officials looked stricken; Bangchang's face fell as well. Only Shiyong, Kai, Chou, Qiong, and their ilk rejoiced, as if they had earned merit in founding a new dynasty. Shiyong was made acting head of the Bureau of Military Affairs and the Secretariat; Kai acting associate director of military affairs; Chou acting signatory; Lü Haowen acting head of the Chancellery; and Xu Bingzhe acting head of the Secretariat. He issued an order: 'Because the court has been in turmoil, officials at every level have neglected their duties. From now on all must observe the law; the Censorate will investigate and report violations.' When meeting officials he called himself 'I,' and his personal edicts were titled 'handwriting' rather than imperial rescripts. Only Shiyong, whenever he addressed Bangchang, would say 'Your servant reports to Your Majesty,' and Bangchang rebuked him for it. Some urged Bangchang to take his seat in the Purple Forbidden and Bowing Hall; Lü Haowen protested, and the idea was abandoned. At the start of his reign Bangchang wished to extend clemency throughout the realm; because travel was blocked he first proclaimed an amnesty in the capital and appointed court gentlemen as secret envoys to the provinces.
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金人將退師，邦昌詣金營祖別，服柘袍，張紅蓋，所過設香案，起居悉如常儀，時雍、秉哲、開、儔皆從行，士庶觀者無不感愴。 二帝北遷，邦昌率百官遙辭于南薰門，衆慟哭，有僕絕者。
As the Jin prepared to withdraw, Bangchang went to their camp for a farewell banquet. He wore a russet robe under a red canopy; incense tables lined his path and every courtesy was observed as in ordinary court ritual. Shiyong, Bingzhe, Kai, and Chou accompanied him. The crowds who watched were overcome with sorrow. When the two emperors were taken north, Bangchang led the officials in a distant farewell at the Southern Fragrance Gate. The assembly wept aloud; some fainted from grief.
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金師既還，邦昌降手書赦天下。 呂好問謂邦昌曰：「人情歸公者、劫于金人之威耳，金人既去，能復有今日乎？ 康王居外久，衆所歸心，曷不推戴之？」 又謂曰：「爲今計者，當迎元祐皇后，請康王早正大位，庶獲保全。」 監察御史馬伸亦請奉迎康王。 邦昌從之。 王時雍曰：「夫騎虎者勢不得下，所宜熟慮，他日噬臍，悔無及已。」 徐秉哲從旁贊之，邦昌弗聽，乃冊元祐皇后曰宋太后，入御延福宮。 遣蔣師愈齎書于康王自陳：「所以勉循金人推戴者，欲權宜一時以紓國難也，敢有他乎？」 王詢師愈等，具知所由，乃報書邦昌。 邦昌尋遣謝克家獻大宋受命寶，復降手書請元祐皇后垂簾聽政，以俟復辟。 書既下，中外大說。 太后始御內東門小殿，垂簾聽政。 邦昌乙太宰退處內東門資善堂。 尋遣使奉乘輿服御物至南京，既而邦昌亦至，伏地慟哭請死，王撫慰之。
Once the Jin army had withdrawn, Bangchang issued a personal edict granting a general amnesty. Lü Haowen told Bangchang, 'The people follow you only because the Jin forced them to. Once the Jin are gone, can you really keep what you have today? The Prince of Kang has been away a long time and commands everyone's loyalty—why not enthrone him?' He added, 'The wise course now is to welcome the Yuanyou Empress Dowager and urge the Prince of Kang to take the throne at once—only then might you save yourself.' Supervising censor Ma Shen likewise petitioned to welcome the Prince of Kang. Bangchang agreed. Wang Shiyong said, 'A man who rides a tiger cannot climb down easily. Think this through carefully—one day you may bite your navel in regret when it is too late.' Xu Bingzhe chimed in from the side, but Bangchang would not listen. He invested the Yuanyou Empress Dowager as Song Empress Dowager and installed her in Yanfu Palace. He sent Jiang Shiyu with a letter to the Prince of Kang explaining that he had only reluctantly accepted the Jin nomination as a temporary expedient to ease the national crisis and had no other ambition. The prince questioned Shiyu and learned the full story, then wrote back to Bangchang. Bangchang soon sent Xie Kejia to present the Great Song Seal of Mandate and issued another personal edict asking the Yuanyou Empress Dowager to rule from behind the curtain until the rightful sovereign returned. When the edict was issued, the court and the realm rejoiced. The empress dowager took up audience in the small hall at the Inner Eastern Gate and began ruling from behind the curtain. Bangchang resigned as Grand Chancellor and withdrew to the Hall for Cultivating Virtue at the Inner Eastern Gate. He soon sent envoys bearing the imperial carriage, robes, and regalia to Nanjing. Bangchang followed, threw himself to the ground weeping, and begged for death; the prince comforted him.
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王即皇帝位，相李綱，徙邦昌太保、奉國軍節度使，封同安郡王。 綱上書極論：「邦昌久典機政，擢冠宰司。 國破而資之以爲利，君辱而攘之以爲榮。 異姓建邦四十餘日，逮金人之既退，方降赦以收恩。 是宜肆諸市朝，以爲亂臣賊子之戒。」 時黃潛善猶左右之。 綱又力言：「邦昌已僭逆，豈可留之朝廷，使道路目爲故天子哉？」 高宗乃降御批曰：「邦昌僭逆，理合誅夷，原其初心，出於迫脅，可特與免貸，責授昭化軍節度副使、潭州安置。」
The prince ascended the throne and appointed Li Gang chief minister. Bangchang was made Grand Mentor and military commissioner of the Fengguo Army and enfeoffed as Prince of Tong'an. Gang memorialized forcefully: 'Bangchang long held the levers of power and rose to the head of government. He profited from the nation's ruin and treated his sovereign's humiliation as his own glory. He ruled a usurper state for more than forty days and issued a general amnesty only after the Jin withdrew—to win back goodwill. He should be executed in public as a warning to every traitor and rebel.' At the time Huang Qianshan still spoke in his favor at court. Gang argued again: 'Bangchang has already committed treason. How can we keep him at court and let people on the road treat him as the former emperor?' Gaozong issued a rescript: 'Bangchang's treason deserves death, but since he acted under duress, he is specially spared and demoted to vice military commissioner of the Zhaohua Army, to be settled at Tanzhou.'
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初，邦昌僭居內庭，華國靖恭夫人李氏數以果實奉邦昌，邦昌亦厚答之。 一夕，邦昌被酒，李氏擁之曰：「大家，事已至此，尚何言？」 因以赭色半臂加邦昌身，掖入福寧殿，夜飾養女陳氏以進。 及邦昌還東府，李氏私送之，語斥乘輿。 帝聞，下李氏獄，詞服。 詔數邦昌罪，賜死潭州，李氏杖脊配車營務。 時雍、秉哲、開、儔等先已遠竄，至是，並誅時雍。
While Bangchang occupied the inner palace, Lady Li of Huaguo Jinggong often sent him fruit, and he repaid her generously. One night, drunk, Bangchang was embraced by Lady Li, who said, 'My lord, things have gone this far—what is left to say?' She put a russet half-sleeve on him, led him into the Hall of Blessings and Tranquility, and that night dressed her foster daughter Chen and presented her to him. When Bangchang returned to the Eastern Residence, Lady Li saw him off privately and spoke disrespectfully of the emperor. When the emperor learned of this, Lady Li was imprisoned and confessed under interrogation. An edict listed Bangchang's crimes and ordered him to take his own life at Tanzhou. Lady Li was flogged and assigned to menial carriage service. Shiyong, Bingzhe, Kai, Chou, and the others had already been exiled; now Shiyong was executed as well.
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劉豫，字彥游，景州阜城人也。 世業農，至豫始舉進士，元符中登第。 豫少時無行，嘗盜同舍生白盂、紗衣。 政和二年，召拜殿中侍御史，爲言者所擊，帝不欲發其宿醜，詔勿問。 未幾，豫累章言禮制局事，帝曰：「劉豫河北種田叟，安識禮制？」 黜豫兩浙察訪。 宣和六年，判國子監，除河北提刑。
Liu Yu, styled Yanyou, came from Fucheng in Jing Prefecture. His family had been farmers for generations; he was the first to sit for the jinshi examination and passed in the Yuanfu era. As a youth he was ill-behaved and once stole a white bowl and gauze robe from a roommate. In Zhenghe 2 he was appointed palace attendant censor. Critics attacked him, but the emperor declined to expose his past misconduct and ordered the matter dropped. Soon Yu sent repeated memorials on the Bureau of Rites. The emperor said, 'Liu Yu is a Hebei farmer—what does he know about ritual?' He was demoted to inspector of the Two Zhe circuits. In Xuanhe 6 he administered the Directorate of Education and was appointed judicial intendant of Hebei.
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金人南侵，豫棄官避亂儀真。 豫善中書侍郎張愨，建炎二年正月，用愨薦除知濟南府。 時盜起山東，豫不願行，請易東南一郡，執政惡之，不許，豫忿而去。 是冬，金人攻濟南，豫遣子麟出戰，敵縱兵圍之數重，郡倅張柬益兵來援，金人乃解去。 因遣人啖豫以利，豫懲前忿，遂畜反謀，殺其將關勝，率百姓降金，百姓不從，豫縋城納款。 三年三月，兀朮聞高宗渡江，乃徙豫知東平府，充京東西、淮南等路安撫使，節制大名開德府、濮濱博棣德滄等州，以麟知濟南府，界舊河以南，俾豫統之。
When the Jurchens invaded the south, Yu abandoned his post and fled to Yizhen. Yu was friendly with Vice Director of the Secretariat Zhang Kai. In the first month of Jianyan 2, on Kai's recommendation he was appointed prefect of Jinan. Bandits were rising in Shandong. Yu did not want the post and asked for a southeastern prefecture instead. The chief ministers refused, and Yu left in a rage. That winter the Jin attacked Jinan. Yu sent his son Lin to fight. The enemy surrounded them in several rings until vice-prefect Zhang Dong brought reinforcements and the Jin withdrew. The Jin sent envoys to tempt him with rewards. Still smarting from his earlier humiliation, Yu plotted treason, killed his general Guan Sheng, and tried to lead the people in surrender. When they refused, he was lowered over the wall to submit to the Jin. In the third month of year 3, hearing that Gaozong had crossed the Yangtze, Wuzhu transferred Yu to Dongping prefect and made him pacification commissioner over Jingdong, Jingxi, Huainan, and related circuits, with authority over Daming-Kaifeng, Pu, Bin, Bo, Di, De, Cang, and other prefectures. Lin was made prefect of Jinan. Everything south of the old Yellow River was placed under Yu's command.
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四年七月丁卯，金人遣大同尹高慶裔、知制誥韓昉册豫爲皇帝，國號大齊，都大名府。 先是，北京順豫門生瑞禾，濟南漁者得鳣，豫以爲己受命之符，遣麟持重寶賂金左監軍撻辣求僭號。 撻辣許之，遣使即豫所部咨軍民所宜立，衆未及對，豫鄉人張浹越次請立豫，議遂決，乃命慶裔、昉备玺綬寳冊以立之。 九月戊申，豫即偽位，赦境內，奉金正朔，稱天會八年。 以張孝純爲丞相，李孝揚爲左丞，張柬爲右丞，李儔爲監察御史，鄭億年爲工部侍郎，王瓊爲汴京留守，子麟爲太中大夫、提領諸路兵馬兼知濟南府。 孝純始堅守太原，頗懷忠義，高宗以王衣雅厚孝純，俾衣招之，會粘罕遣人自雲中送歸豫，遂失節於賊。
On dingmao in the seventh month of year 4, the Jin sent Grand Unity Director Gao Qingyi and Drafting Academician Han Fang to invest Yu as emperor. He proclaimed the state Great Qi with its capital at Daming. Earlier an auspicious grain had appeared at the Shunyu Gate in the Northern Capital and a Jinan fisherman had caught a sturgeon. Yu took these as signs of Heaven's mandate and sent Lin with rich gifts to bribe the Jin Left Military Supervisor Talaha for an imperial title. Talaha agreed and sent envoys to consult the army and people in Yu's territory on whom to enthrone. Before anyone could answer, Yu's fellow townsman Zhang Xia stepped forward to nominate Yu. The matter was settled, and Qingyi and Fang were ordered to prepare the regalia and investiture documents. On wushen in the ninth month Yu took the throne, proclaimed an amnesty within his realm, adopted the Jin calendar, and dated his reign to Tianhui 8. He appointed Zhang Xiaochun chief councilor, Li Xiaoyang left vice councilor, Zhang Dong right vice councilor, Li Chou supervising censor, Zheng Yinian Vice Minister of Works, and Wang Qiong acting prefect of Bianjing. His son Lin was made Grandee of Palace Attendance, overall commander of all circuit armies, and concurrent prefect of Jinan. Zhang Xiaochun had at first defended Taiyuan steadfastly and held fast to loyalty. Emperor Gaozong, knowing that Wang Yi had long been on good terms with him, sent Yi to win him over; but Nianhan's men arrived from Yunzhong to deliver him to Liu Yu, and Xiaochun thus surrendered his honor to the enemy.
19
豫還東平，升爲東京。 改東京爲汴京，降南京爲歸德府。 以弟益爲北京留守，尋改汴京留守。 復降淮寧、潁昌、順昌、興仁府悉爲州。 自以生景州，守濟南，節制東平，僭位大名，乃起四郡丁壯數千人，號「雲從子弟」。 下偽詔求直言。 十月，冊其母翟氏爲皇太后，妾錢氏爲皇后。 錢氏，宣和內人也，習宮掖事，豫欲有所取則，故立之。 十一月，改明年元阜昌。
Yu moved back to Dongping and was elevated to govern the Eastern Capital. He renamed the Eastern Capital Bianjing and reduced the Southern Capital to Guide Prefecture. He appointed his younger brother Yi to hold the Northern Capital, then shortly transferred him to serve as Bianjing garrison commander. He further demoted the prefectures of Huaining, Yingchang, Shunchang, and Xingren, reducing them all to the rank of zhou. Because he had been born in Jingzhou, had governed Jinan, had commanded Dongping, and had seized power at Daming, he now conscripted several thousand young men from four commanderies and styled them the "Cloud Retainers Youth Corps." He promulgated a false edict inviting frank criticism. In the tenth month he invested his mother, Lady Di, as Empress Dowager and his concubine Lady Qian as Empress. Lady Qian had served in the inner palace during the Xuanhe reign and knew its ways well; Yu wanted her advice on policy, and for that reason made her empress. In the eleventh month he declared that the coming year would begin a new era named Fuchang.
20
方豫未僭號時，數遣人說東京副留守上官悟，及賂悟左右喬思恭與共說悟令降金，悟並斬之。 又招知楚州趙立，立不發書，斬其使。 復遣立友人劉偲以榜旗誘之，且曰：「吾君之故人也。」 立曰：「我知有君父，不知有故人。」 燒殺偲。 博州判官劉長孺以書勸豫反正，豫囚之十旬，不屈； 欲官之，不受。 豫大索宋宗室，承務郎閻琦匿之，豫杖死琦。 召迪功郎王寵，不至。 文林郎李喆、尉氏令姚邦基皆棄官去。 朝奉郎趙俊書甲子不書僭年，豫亦無如之何。 洪皓久陷於金，粘罕勸皓仕豫，不從，竄皓冷山。 處士尹惇聞豫召，逃山谷間，走蜀中。 國信副使宋汝爲以呂頤浩書勉豫忠義，豫曰：「獨不見張邦昌乎？ 業已然，尚何言哉！」 滄州進士邢希載上豫書乞通宋朝，豫殺希載。
Even before Yu declared himself emperor, he sent envoys again and again to win over Shangguan Wu, deputy commander at the Eastern Capital, and bribed Wu's aide Qiao Sigong to help persuade him to submit to the Jin. Wu had every one of them executed. He also tried to win over Zhao Li, prefect of Chuzhou, but Li refused even to break the seal on the letter and had the messenger beheaded. He then sent Li's friend Liu Si with proclamations and banners to lure him, saying, "You are an old friend of our ruler." Li replied, "I acknowledge only my sovereign and my father—I know no such 'old friend.'" He burned the proclamations and put Liu Si to death. Liu Changru, a judicial officer in Bozhou, wrote urging Yu to return to allegiance to the Song; Yu held him prisoner for a hundred days, yet he would not submit; When Yu offered him an official post, he refused it. Yu ordered a thorough hunt for members of the Song imperial house. Yan Qi, a court gentleman, hid some of them away, and Yu had him beaten to death. He summoned the court gentleman Wang Chong, but Chong never appeared. Li Zhe, a court gentleman, and Yao Bangji, magistrate of Weishi, both resigned their offices and left. Zhao Jun, a court gentleman, dated his documents by the sexagenary cycle alone and refused to use Yu's usurped reign year; Yu was powerless to stop him. Hong Hao had long been held captive by the Jin. Nianhan pressed him to serve Liu Yu, but he refused and was banished to Lengshan. When the recluse Yin Dun learned that Yu had summoned him, he fled into the hills and made his way to Sichuan. Song Ruwei, deputy imperial envoy, brought a letter from Lü Yihao urging Yu to return to loyalty and righteousness. Yu replied, "Have you never heard of Zhang Bangchang? The thing is already done—what more can be said!" Xing Xizai, a jinshi degree-holder from Cangzhou, wrote to Yu asking that he reopen ties with the Song court. Yu had him executed.
21
是月，豫立陳東、歐陽澈廟於歸德，如唐張巡、許遠雙廟制。
That same month Yu built temples to Chen Dong and Ouyang Che at Guide, following the Tang precedent of the paired shrines to Zhang Xun and Xu Yuan.
22
二年二月，知商州董先以商、虢二州叛附於豫。 襄陽鎮撫使桑仲上疏請正豫罪。 朝廷尋命仲兼節制應援京城軍馬，量度事勢，復豫所陷郡。 仍命河南翟興、荊南解潛、金房王彥、德安陳規、蘄黃孔彥舟、廬壽王亨相爲應援，毋失事機。 三月，仲爲其將霍明所殺，高宗聞之，授仲二子將仕郎。 河南鎮撫使翟興屯伊陽山，豫患之，使人招興，許以王爵。 興焚偽詔並戮其使。 豫乃陰結興麾下楊偉圖之。 偉殺興，持興首降豫。
In the second month of the second year, Dong Xian, prefect of Shangzhou, rebelled with Shang and Guo prefectures and defected to Yu. Sang Zhong, the Xiangyang pacification commissioner, submitted a memorial calling for Yu's crimes to be formally denounced. The court soon put Zhong in charge of relief forces for the capital region as well, instructing him to weigh the situation and recover the commanderies Yu had taken. It also ordered Zhai Xing in Henan, Xie Qian in Jingnan, Wang Yan in Jin and Fang, Chen Gui in De'an, Kong Yanzho in Qi and Huang, and Wang Heng in Lu and Shou to lend support and seize the moment. In the third month Zhong was murdered by his subordinate Huo Ming. When Gaozong learned of it, he awarded Zhong's two sons the rank of jiangshilang. Zhai Xing, the Henan pacification commissioner, was encamped on Mount Yiyang. Troubled by this, Yu sent envoys to win him over with a promise of princely rank. Xing burned the forged edict and killed the messengers. Yu then secretly recruited Yang Wei, one of Xing's officers, and plotted Xing's downfall. Yang Wei murdered Xing, carried off his head, and submitted to Yu.
23
四月丙寅，豫遷都汴。 因奉祖考于宋太廟，尊其祖曰徽祖毅文皇帝，父爲衍祖睿仁皇帝。 親巡郊社。 是日，暴風卷旗，屋瓦皆震，士民大恐。 豫曲赦汴人，與民約曰：「自今不肆赦，不用宦官，不度僧道。 文武雜用，不限資格。」 時河、淮、陝西、山東皆駐北軍，麟籍鄉兵十余萬爲皇子府十三軍。 分置河南、汴京淘沙官，兩京塚墓發掘殆盡。 賦斂煩苛，民不聊生。
On bingyin day in the fourth month, Yu transferred his capital to Bian. He then placed his forebears in the Song Grand Temple, posthumously ennobling his grandfather as Emperor Yizu Yiwen and his father as Emperor Yanzu Ruiren. He personally conducted the suburban sacrifices at the altars of soil and grain. That same day a fierce wind whipped the banners and rattled roof tiles, filling officials and townspeople with dread. Yu issued a limited amnesty for the people of Bian and pledged to them, "Henceforth there shall be no blanket pardons, no use of eunuchs, and no ordination of monks or Daoist priests. Civil and military talent shall be employed together, without regard to rank or qualification." Northern troops were then garrisoned across the Hehuai region, Shaanxi, and Shandong; Yu's son Lin enrolled more than a hundred thousand local militiamen into thirteen princely household armies. Sand-sifting offices were set up in Henan and Bianjing, and the tombs of both former capitals were looted almost completely. Taxes and levies were oppressive, and the common people could barely live.
24
五月，豫聞桑仲死，遣人招隨州李道、鄧州李橫，皆不受，執其使以聞。 六月，蘄、黃鎮撫使孔彥舟叛降豫，其將陳彥明率衆千餘來歸。 直徽猷閣淩唐佐、尚書郎李亙、國信副使宋汝爲留偽庭，久謀疏豫虛實蠟書以聞，事泄，豫殺唐佐，亙亦遇害。 豫以知東平府李鄴爲尚書右丞，河南鎮撫司都統制董先爲大總管府先鋒將。 十二月，襄陽鎮撫使李橫敗豫兵于揚石，乘勝趣汝州，偽守彭玘以城降。 豫遣劉夔與金帥撒離曷侵蜀。 執進士薛筇送豫，筇勉豫：「早圖反正，庶或全宗，孰與他日並妻子磔東市？」 豫怒，欲兵之，賴張孝純獲免。
In the fifth month, after learning of Sang Zhong's death, Yu sent envoys to win over Li Dao at Suizhou and Li Heng at Dengzhou. Both men refused and seized the messengers to report to the Song court. In the sixth month Kong Yanzho, pacification commissioner of Qi and Huang, rebelled and went over to Yu; his officer Chen Yanming brought more than a thousand men back to the Song side. Ling Tangzuo of the Zhiyuan Pavilion, Li Gen of the Ministry of Works, and the deputy imperial envoy Song Ruwei had remained in the puppet court and for a long time plotted to smuggle out sealed reports on Yu's strengths and weaknesses. When the plot was exposed, Yu killed Tangzuo, and Gen was killed as well. Yu made Li Ye, prefect of Dongping, Right Vice Director of the Ministry of Works, and Dong Xian, overall commander of the Henan Pacification Office, vanguard general of the Grand Marshal's Headquarters. In the twelfth month Li Heng, the Xiangyang pacification commissioner, routed Yu's forces at Yangshi, pressed on toward Ruzhou, and the puppet garrison commander Peng Chi surrendered the city. Yu sent Liu Kui together with the Jin commander Salihua to invade Sichuan. The captured jinshi Xue Qiong was brought before Yu and urged him, "Turn back while you still can—perhaps your clan may yet be spared. Would that not be better than someday being torn apart with your wife and children in the eastern marketplace?" Yu flew into a rage and wanted him put to death by military law, but Zhang Xiaochun intervened and Qiong was spared.
25
三年正月庚申，李橫破潁順軍，偽守蘭和降。 壬戌，敗豫兵于長葛。 甲子，橫引兵至潁昌府，偽安撫趙弼固守，急攻下之，弼遁，復潁昌。 二月，河南鎮撫司統制官李吉敗豫將梁進于伊陽臺，殪之。 三月，豫聞橫入潁昌，求援于金人。 粘罕遣兀朮赴之，豫亦遣將李成率師二萬逆戰於京城西北之牟駝岡。 橫敗績，復陷潁昌。 橫軍本群盜，恃勇無律，勝則爭取子女金帛，故及於敗。 四月，陷虢州。 鎮撫司統制官謝皋指腹示賊曰：「此吾赤心也！」 自剖心以死。 皋，開封人。 是月，明州守將徐文以所部海舟六十艘、官軍四千餘人浮海抵鹽城，輸款於豫。 文言沿海無備，二浙可襲取。 豫大喜，以文知萊州，益海艦二十，俾寇通、泰間。
In the third year, on gengshen day in the first month, Li Heng shattered the Yingshun army and the puppet defender Lan He surrendered. On renxu day he defeated Yu's army at Changge. On jiazi day Heng marched to Yingchang Prefecture. The puppet pacification commissioner Zhao Bi held out stubbornly, but a fierce assault took the city; Bi fled, and Yingchang was recovered. In the second month Li Ji, a commanding officer of the Henan Pacification Office, defeated Yu's general Liang Jin at Yiyang Terrace and killed him in the battle. In the third month, when Yu learned that Li Heng had taken Yingchang, he begged the Jurchens for reinforcements. Nianhan dispatched Wuzhu to relieve him, and Yu sent his general Li Cheng with twenty thousand men to give battle at Camel Hill northwest of the capital. Li Heng was defeated, and Yingchang was lost once more. Li Heng's troops had begun as a band of brigands. Bold but undisciplined, they squabbled over women, children, gold, and silk whenever they won a victory—and that was how they came to ruin. In the fourth month Guo Prefecture fell. Xie Gao, a commanding officer of the Pacification Office, pointed to his belly and cried to the enemy, "This is my loyal heart!" He ripped open his own chest and died. Xie Gao was a native of Kaifeng. That month Xu Wen, the Mingzhou garrison commander, sailed across the sea with sixty warships and more than four thousand government troops to Yancheng and submitted to Yu. Xu Wen reported that the coast was undefended and that the two Zhe provinces could be taken in a surprise attack. Yu was delighted. He made Xu Wen prefect of Laizhou, gave him twenty more warships, and sent him to raid the region between Tongzhou and Taizhou.
26
五月，朝廷遣韓肖胄、胡松年使偽齊。 豫欲以臣禮見，肖胄無以應，松年曰：「均爲宋臣。」 遂長揖不拜，豫不能屈。 因問主上如何，松年曰：「聖主萬壽。」 復問帝意所向，松年曰：「必欲復故疆耳。」 豫有慚色。
In the fifth month the Song court sent Han Xiaozhou and Hu Songnian as envoys to the puppet Qi regime. Yu wanted to receive them as if they were his subjects. Xiaozhou did not know how to answer, but Songnian said, "We are all subjects of the Song." They thereupon bowed from the waist without performing the full kowtow, and Yu could not force them to submit. Yu then asked after the emperor. Songnian replied, "The sage emperor enjoys boundless longevity." He asked again what the emperor intended. Songnian answered, "He means to recover the lost territories—nothing else." Yu flushed with shame.
27
時豫悉有梁、衛之地，翟琮屯伊陽之鳳牛山，不能孤立，突圍奔襄陽。 九月，楊政遣川陝將官吳勝破豫兵於蓮花城。 十月己亥，賊將李成陷鄧州，以齊安守之； 癸卯，陷襄陽，李橫奔荊南，知隨州李道棄城走。 成據襄陽，以王嵩知隨州。 甲辰，陷郢州，守臣李簡遁，豫以荊超知州事。 賊將王彥先自亳引兵至壽春，將窺江南。 劉光世駐軍建康，扼馬家渡，遣酈瓊領所部駐無爲軍，爲濠、壽聲援，賊乃還。
By then Yu controlled all the Liang and Wei territories. Zhai Cong, encamped at Fengniu Mountain in Yiyang, could not hold out alone and fought his way out to flee to Xiangyang. In the ninth month Yang Zheng sent the Sichuan-Shaanxi officer Wu Sheng to defeat Yu's army at Lotus City. On jihai day in the tenth month the rebel general Li Cheng captured Deng Prefecture and left Qi'an to hold it; On guimao day he took Xiangyang. Li Heng fled to Jingnan, and Li Dao, prefect of Suizhou, abandoned the city and ran. Li Cheng held Xiangyang and installed Wang Song as prefect of Suizhou. On jiachen day Ying Prefecture fell. The defending official Li Jian fled, and Yu put Jing Chao in charge of the prefecture. The rebel general Wang Yanxian marched from Bo to Shouchun, intending to probe for a chance to strike south of the Yangtze. Liu Guangshi was encamped at Jiankang, holding Majia Crossing. He sent Li Qiong with his troops to garrison Wuwei Army as support for Hao and Shou, and the rebels then withdrew.
28
十二月，金人遣李永壽、王翊來報聘。 永壽等驕倨，請還豫俘及西北士民之流寓者，復要畫江以益豫。 監廣州鹽稅吳伸上書請討豫，謂「金人雖強，實不足慮，賊豫雖微，實爲可憂。 今敵使在廷，宜陽許而陰圖之，乘其不疑，可一戰擒也。」
In the twelfth month the Jurchens sent Li Yongshou and Wang Yi on a return diplomatic mission. Yongshou and his party were haughty and overbearing. They demanded the return of captives held by Yu and displaced people from the northwest, and also insisted on fixing the Yangtze as the border to expand Yu's territory. Wu Shen, who supervised the salt tax at Guangzhou, submitted a memorial urging an expedition against Yu. He argued, "The Jurchens may be strong, but they are not the real worry; the rebel Yu may be small, but he is the one we should fear. With the enemy envoys now at court, we should agree to their terms in public while plotting against them in secret. Taken by surprise, they could be seized in a single stroke."
29
四年正月，翰林學士綦崇禮言：「豫父子倚重金人，且永壽等從豫所來，畫江之請必出於豫。 觀其奸謀，在窺吾境土。 恐既通使，人情必解弛，宜戒將帥愈益置守。 縱和議成，亦未可馳備。」 既而朝廷遣章誼使金，至雲中。 粘罕答書約毋駐軍淮南，誼不屈，還過汴，豫欲留之，以計獲免。 熙河路馬步軍總管關師古與豫兵戰于左要嶺，敗績，遂降賊。 洮、岷之地盡歸豫矣。
In the first month of the fourth year, Hanlin Academician Qi Chongli said, "The Yu father and son lean heavily on the Jurchens, and Yongshou's party came from Yu's territory—the demand to fix the border at the river must have come from Yu himself. From this treacherous design it is clear that their aim is to encroach on our lands. I fear that once diplomatic exchanges begin, public resolve will slacken. Our commanders should be warned all the more to tighten their defenses. Even if a peace agreement is reached, we must not let our guard down." Soon afterward the court dispatched Zhang Yi as envoy to the Jin and he reached Yunzhong. Nianhan replied with a letter demanding that no Song troops remain in Huainan. Zhang Yi refused to yield. On his return he passed through Bian, and Yu tried to detain him, but Yi escaped by a ruse. Guan Shigu, overall commander of cavalry and infantry on the Xihe Circuit, fought Yu's army at Zuoyao Ridge, was defeated, and then surrendered to the enemy. The territories of Tao and Min all fell into Yu's hands.
30
二月，豫策進士。 五月，知壽春府羅興叛降豫。 舒、蘄等州制置使岳飛復襄陽，李成遁，尋復唐州。 六月，復隨州，磔偽守王嵩於襄陽市。 七月，復鄧州，語在《飛傳》。 豫聞岳飛取襄、鄧，遂乞師于金人。 偽奉議郎羅誘上南征策，豫大喜。 奪民舟五百載戰具，以徐文爲前軍，聲言攻定海。 九月，豫下偽詔，有「混一六合」之言，遣子麟入寇，及誘金人宗輔、撻辣、兀朮分道南侵，步兵自楚、承進，騎兵由泗趨滁。 復遣偽知樞密院盧緯請師于金主，金主集諸將議，粘罕、希尹難之，獨宗輔以爲可。 乃以宗輔權左副元帥，撻辣權右副元帥，調渤海漢軍五萬應豫。 以兀朮嘗渡江，習知險易，俾將前軍。 豫以麟領東南道行台尚書令。 朝廷震恐。 或勸帝他幸，趙鼎曰：「戰而不捷，去未晚也。」 張俊曰：「避將安之？」 遂決意親征。 壬申，豫兵與金人分道渡淮，楚州守臣樊序棄城走，淮東宣撫使韓世忠自承州退保鎮江。
In the second month Yu conducted the jinshi civil examination. In the fifth month Luo Xing, prefect of Shouchun, rebelled and went over to Yu. Yue Fei, commissioner for Shu, Qi, and neighboring prefectures, recovered Xiangyang. Li Cheng fled, and Tang Prefecture was soon retaken as well. In the sixth month Suizhou was recovered, and the puppet prefect Wang Song was torn apart in the marketplace at Xiangyang. In the seventh month Deng Prefecture was recovered; the details are recorded in the Biography of Yue Fei. When Yu learned that Yue Fei had retaken Xiangyang and Dengzhou, he pleaded with the Jurchens for military aid. Luo You, a courtier in Liu Yu's puppet regime, proposed a southern expedition—and Yu was delighted. Five hundred civilian vessels were requisitioned for munitions; Xu Wen led the advance force while proclamations announced an assault on Dinghai. That September Liu Yu promulgated a counterfeit decree proclaiming the 'unification of all under Heaven,' dispatched his son Lin on a raid, and persuaded the Jin generals Zongfu, Talaha, and Wuzhu to strike south on divergent routes—foot soldiers from Chu and Chengzhou, horsemen from Sizhou toward Chuzhou. Yu also dispatched Lu Wei, his commissioner of military affairs, to beg the Jin emperor for reinforcements. The emperor summoned his commanders: Nianhan and Xiyin opposed the plan, but Zongfu alone argued it could work. Zongfu received command as acting left deputy marshal and Talaha as right deputy; fifty thousand Han troops from the Bohai region were levied to answer Yu's call. Wuzhu, who had crossed the Yangzi before and knew its hazards well, was placed at the head of the army. Liu Yu appointed his son Lin director of the southeastern regional secretariat. The Song court was seized with panic. Some counseled the emperor to relocate the capital; Zhao Ding replied, 'If we give battle and fail, flight will still be in time. Zhang Jun asked, 'Flee—and flee to where? The emperor thus resolved to take the field himself. On the renshen day, puppet-Qi and Jin forces forded the Huai on separate fronts. Fan Xu, commandant of Chuzhou, deserted his post; Han Shizhong, commissioner for eastern Huai, fell back from Chengzhou to the walls of Zhenjiang.
31
十月丙子朔，詔張俊援世忠，劉光世移軍建康。 世忠復還揚州。 起張浚爲侍讀。 戊子，韓世忠戰於大儀，己丑，解元戰於承州，皆捷。 丙申，豫露榜有窺江之言。 戊戌，帝發臨安。 十一月壬子，下詔討豫，始暴豫罪惡，士氣大振，欲濟江決戰。 趙鼎曰：「退固不可，渡江亦非策。 豫猶不親來，至尊豈可與逆雛決勝負哉？」 淮西將王師晟、張琦合兵復南壽春府，執偽知州王靖。 十二月壬辰，岳飛遣將牛皋、徐慶敗金人於廬州。 庚子，金人退師，遣使告麟，麟棄輜重宵遁，語在《世忠傳》。
On the first of the tenth month—bingzi—the court ordered Zhang Jun to reinforce Han Shizhong and Liu Guangshi to shift his forces to Jiankang. Han Shizhong then marched back to Yangzhou. Zhang Jun was recalled from retirement to resume his post as imperial reader. On wuzi Han Shizhong won at Dayi; the next day Xie Yuan routed the enemy at Chengzhou—twin victories. On bingshen, Yu's armies put up placards hinting at designs on the Yangzi crossing. On wuxu the emperor left the temporary capital at Lin'an. In the eleventh month, on renzi, the court proclaimed a punitive expedition against Liu Yu, publicly enumerating his crimes; spirits soared and troops clamored to cross the Yangzi for a final reckoning. Zhao Ding cautioned, 'We cannot simply retreat—but crossing the river is no strategy either. Liu Yu has not even come himself—should the Son of Heaven stoop to settle scores with a traitor's pup? In western Huai, Wang Shisheng and Zhang Qi joined ranks, retook Shouchun, and captured the puppet prefect Wang Jing. In the twelfth month, on renchen, Yue Fei sent Niu Gao and Xu Qing to crush Jin forces at Luzhou. On gengzi the Jin army pulled back and notified Lin; Lin abandoned his supply train and fled under cover of night—the full account appears in Han Shizhong's biography.
32
五年正月，淮西將酈瓊復光州，偽守許約降。 閏二月，豫將商元攻信陽軍，知軍事舒繼明死之。 七月，豫廢明堂爲講武殿，暴風連日。 八月，陷光州。 十月，豫令民鬻子依商稅法許貫陌而收其算。 豫獻《海道圖》及戰船木樣于金主亶。
In the first month of year five, Li Qiong of western Huai retook Guangzhou as the puppet garrison commander Xu Yue capitulated. In the leap second month, Shang Yuan of Yu's army besieged Xinyang; Shu Jiming, who commanded its defense, fell in battle. In the seventh month Liu Yu turned the Imperial Ancestral Hall into a drill hall—and tempests raged for days on end. In the eighth month Guangzhou fell. In the tenth month Yu decreed that parents selling children would be taxed as merchants—full strings accepted, every transaction assessed. Liu Yu sent the Jin emperor Dan charts of sea routes and scale models of warships.
33
六年正月，豫聚兵淮陽，韓世忠引兵急圍之。 賊守將連舉六烽，兀朮與劉猊合兵來援，皆爲世忠所敗。 六月，築劉龍城以窺淮西，王師晟破之，執華知剛，俘其衆而還。 九月，豫罷沿海互市。 張孝純謂豫曰：「聞南人久治舟，一旦乘風北濟，將不利於我。」 豫懼，故罷之。
In the first month of year six Yu concentrated forces at Huaiyang; Han Shizhong hurried to encircle him. The besieged garrison lit beacon after beacon—six in all—until Wuzhu and Liu Ni marched to relieve them; Han Shizhong defeated them both. In the sixth month the rebels fortified Liulongcheng to threaten western Huai; Wang Shisheng stormed it, took Hua Zhigang prisoner, and marched home with captives in tow. In the ninth month Liu Yu shut down the coastal trade ports. Zhang Xiaochun warned Yu, 'The Song have spent years building a fleet. One fair wind carrying them north across the water—and we are undone. Yu took fright and closed the ports.
34
豫聞帝親征，告急于金主亶，領三省事宗磐曰：「先帝立豫者，欲豫辟疆保境，我得按兵息民也。 今豫進不能取，退不能守，兵連禍結，休息無期。 從之則豫收其利，而我實受弊，奈何許之！」 金主報豫自行，姑遣兀朮提兵黎陽以觀釁。
When Yu learned the Song emperor was taking the field himself, he begged Jin emperor Dan for aid. Zong Pan, chief of the Three Departments, argued: 'Our late emperor installed Liu Yu so he would guard the frontier and keep the peace—leaving us free to sheathe our swords and give the realm rest. Now he advances without conquering, retreats without holding; war drags on, disaster compounds, and there is no end to the toll. Grant this request and Yu alone gains; we alone pay the price. How can we agree? The Jin emperor told Yu to manage on his own—for now dispatching Wuzhu to Liyang with an army to watch for an opening.
35
豫於是以麟領東南道行台尚書令，李鄴行台右丞，馮長寧行台戶部，許清臣兵馬大總管，李成、孔彥舟、關師古爲將，籍民兵三十萬，分三道入寇。 麟總中路兵，由壽春犯廬州； 猊率東路兵，取紫荊山出渦口以犯定遠； 西兵趨光州寇六安，彥舟統之。 十月，猊兵阻韓世忠不得前，還順昌。 麟兵從淮西系三浮橋以濟，賊衆十萬次濠、壽間。 江東安撫使張俊拒戰，詔並以淮西屬俊，命殿帥楊沂中至泗州與俊合，比至濠而劉光世已棄合肥矣。 張浚遣人星馳採石諭光世曰：「敢濟者斬。」 光世不得已還廬州，與沂中相應。 統制王德、酈瓊出安豐，遇賊三將軍皆敗之。 猊衆數萬過定遠，欲趨宣化犯建康。 沂中遇猊兵於越家坊，破之； 又遇於藕塘，大破之。 猊遁，麟聞亦拔砦走，麟兵有自書鄉貫姓名而縊者，豫由此失人心。 金人聞麟等敗，詰豫罪狀，始有廢豫意矣。 豫覺，請立麟爲太子，以覘其意。 金人乃答豫曰：「徐當遣人咨訪河南百姓。」
Liu Yu mustered three hundred thousand militia in three columns: his son Lin as commander of the southeastern secretariat; Li Ye, Feng Changning, and Xu Qingchen in key staff posts; Li Cheng, Kong Yanz Zhou, and Guan Shigu as field generals—and sent the whole host south in a triple invasion. Lin led the center, marching from Shouchun against Luzhou; Ni commanded the eastern wing, descending from Zijing Mountain through Wo Kou toward Dingyuan; The western column struck from Guangzhou toward Lu'an under Kong Yanz Zhou. In the tenth month Liu Ni's advance stalled before Han Shizhong's line; he withdrew to Shunchang. Lin's force crossed the Huai on three pontoon bridges; a hundred thousand rebel troops massed between Hao and Shou. Zhang Jun, pacification commissioner for Jiangdong, took up the defense; the court placed all of western Huai under his command and sent the palace guard commander Yang Yizhong to link up with him at Sizhou—but by the time they reached Hao, Liu Guangshi had already abandoned Hefei. Zhang Jun dispatched a rider at full gallop to Caishi with orders for Guangshi: 'Any man who attempts a crossing dies. Liu Guangshi had no choice but to march back to Luzhou and coordinate with Yang Yizhong. Wang De and Li Qiong led troops out of Anfeng and routed three rebel generals in succession. Tens of thousands under Liu Ni passed Dingyuan, angling through Xuanhua toward Jiankang. Yang Yizhong intercepted Ni at Yuejia Lane and shattered his column; then caught him again at Outang and broke him completely. Liu Ni fled; when Lin heard, he too broke camp and ran. Some of Lin's soldiers wrote their names and home districts on slips and hanged themselves. From this Liu Yu lost the people's loyalty. When word of Lin's rout reached the Jin court, they pressed Liu Yu to account for his failures—and first began to consider removing him. Sensing danger, Yu petitioned to name Lin his heir—testing how the Jin would respond. The Jin court answered evasively: 'We must first send envoys to sound out the people of Henan.'
36
七年春，豫策進士。 遣諜縱火淮甸，燔劉光世帑藏。 二月，又焚鎮江。 豫自麟敗，意沮氣奪。 中原遺民，日望王師。 三月，帝進駐建康。 八月，統制酈瓊執呂祉，以兵三萬叛降豫，尋殺祉。 豫聞瓊降大喜，御文德殿見之，授瓊靜難軍節度使、知拱州。 瓊勸豫入寇，豫復乞師金人，且言瓊欲自效。 金人恐豫兵衆難制，欲以計除之，乃佯言瓊降恐詐，命散其兵。
In the spring of year seven Liu Yu held civil-service examinations for jinshi degrees. Spies were sent to torch stores across the Huai plain, including Liu Guangshi's treasury. In the second month they struck again, burning Zhenjiang. After Lin's defeat Liu Yu's spirits collapsed. In the lost lands of the north, people waited day after day for the Song armies to return. In the third month the emperor moved his headquarters to Jiankang. In the eighth month Li Qiong seized his superior Lü Zhi, defected to Liu Yu with thirty thousand men, and soon murdered him. Delighted by Li Qiong's defection, Liu Yu received him in the Hall of Literary Virtue and made him military commissioner of Jingnan with governorship of Gongzhou. Li Qiong urged another southern raid; Liu Yu again begged the Jin for troops, boasting that his new general was eager to prove his worth. The Jin feared Liu Yu's swollen armies were beyond control and plotted his downfall—pretending Li Qiong's surrender might be a trick, they ordered his forces disbanded.
37
金人業已廢豫，而豫日益請兵，遂以女真萬戶束拔爲元帥府左都監屯太原，渤海萬戶大撻不也爲右都監屯河間。 於是尚書省奏豫治國無狀，當廢。 十一月丙午，廢豫爲蜀王。
Though the Jin had already decided to remove Liu Yu, he kept demanding more troops—so they posted the Jurchen commander Shubo as left overseer at Taiyuan and the Bohai commander Dadabuye as right overseer at Hejian, tightening their grip on the region. The Ministry of State then memorialized that Liu Yu had governed so wretchedly he must be removed. On bingwu in the eleventh month Liu Yu was stripped of power and given the hollow title Prince of Shu.
38
初，金主先令撻辣、兀朮偽稱南侵至汴，紿麟出至武城，麾騎翼而擒之，因馳至城中。 豫方射講武殿，兀朮從三騎突入東華門，下馬執其手，偕至宣德門，強乘以羸馬，露刃夾之，囚于金明池。 翼日，集百官宣詔責豫，以鐵騎數千圍宮門，遣小校巡閭巷間，揚言曰：「自今不僉汝爲軍，不取汝免行錢，爲汝敲殺貌事人，請汝舊主少帝來此。」 由是人心稍安。 置行台尚書省於汴，以張孝純權行台左丞相。 偽丞相張昂知孟州，李鄴知代州，李成、孔彥舟、酈瓊、關師古各予一郡。 以女真胡沙虎爲汴京留守，李儔副之。 諸軍悉令歸農，聽宮人出嫁。 得金一百二十余萬兩、銀一千六百余萬兩、米九十余萬斛、絹二百七十萬匹、錢九千八百七十余萬緡。
The Jin emperor's plan began with Talaha and Wuzhu feigning a southern advance on Bian—luring Lin out to Wucheng, where cavalry closed from the flanks and seized him, then racing into the city. Liu Yu was at the drill hall practicing archery when Wuzhu burst through the East Flowery Gate with three riders, seized his hand, marched him to the Xuanede Gate, forced him onto a worn-out nag with naked blades at his sides, and locked him in Jinming Pond. The next day a formal decree condemned Liu Yu before the assembled bureaucracy. Thousands of armored horsemen ringed the palace gates while patrols moved through the streets proclaiming: 'No more conscription, no more war levies—we will deal harshly with anyone who scorns his duty. Bring back your old emperor, the captive lord of Zhao. The populace took some comfort from this. A regional secretariat was installed at Bian, with Zhang Xiaochun as acting left chancellor. The former puppet officials were reassigned: Zhang Ang to Mengzhou, Li Ye to Daizhou; Li Cheng, Kong Yanz Zhou, Li Qiong, and Guan Shigu each received a commandery. The Jurchen officer Hushahu became military governor of Bianjing, assisted by Li Chou. Soldiers were sent back to their fields; palace women were free to marry. The confiscated hoard included over 1.2 million taels of gold, 16 million of silver, 900,000 hu of grain, 2.7 million bolts of silk, and nearly 99 million strings of copper cash.
39
豫求哀，撻辣曰：「昔趙氏少帝出京，百姓然頂煉臂，號泣之聲聞於遠邇。 今汝廢，無一人憐汝者，何不自責也。」 豫語塞，迫之行，願居相州韓琦宅，許之。 後並其子麟徙於臨潢，封豫爲曹王，賜田以居之。 紹興十三年六月卒，是年金皇統三年也。 豫僭號凡八年，廢時年六十五。 先是，齊地數見怪異，有梟鳴于後苑，龍撼宣德門滅「宣德」二字，有星隕于平原鎮。 識者謂禍不出百日，豫怒殺之。 未幾果廢。
Liu Yu begged for mercy. Talaha said coldly, 'When the young Zhao emperor was taken from the capital, people burned their hair and branded their arms—the sound of weeping carried for miles. You are deposed, and not a soul mourns for you. Have you no shame? Liu Yu had no answer. Driven into exile, he asked to live in Han Qi's old house at Xiangzhou—the request was granted. Later he and Lin were exiled to Linhuang; Liu Yu received the title Prince of Cao and farmland enough to live on. He died in the sixth month of Shaoxing 13—Jin Huangtong 3 by the northern calendar. Liu Yu had reigned in pretense for eight years; he was sixty-five when deposed. Before his fall, Qi lands were troubled by omens: an owl shrieked in the imperial park; lightning struck the Xuanede Gate and obliterated its inscription; a star fell on Pingyuan. Soothsayers predicted disaster within a hundred days; in fury Liu Yu had them executed. Soon enough he was overthrown.
40
初，偽麟府路經略使折可求以事抵雲中，左監軍撒離曷密諭可求代豫。 後撻辣有歸疆之議，恐可求𡙇望，鴆殺之。
Early on, Zhe Keqiu—the puppet commissioner of Jinfu Circuit—traveled on business to Yunzhong, where the Jurchen inspector Saliehe quietly sounded him out about replacing Liu Yu. When Talaha later broached returning lost territory, he feared Zhe Keqiu would resist and had him poisoned.
41
豫之僭逆也，馬定國進《君臣名分論》，祝簡獻《遷都》、《國馬賦》，語多指斥； 又如許清臣毀景靈宮，孟邦雄發永安陵，蹠犬吠堯，蓋無責焉。
Throughout Liu Yu's reign, Ma Dingguo submitted 'On the Proper Relations of Ruler and Subject,' while Zhu Jian offered essays on moving the capital and on the state's horses—both laced with veiled rebuke; Likewise Xu Qingchen razed the Jingling Shrine and Meng Bangxiong plundered the Yong'an tombs—crimes as base as a thief's cur snarling at Emperor Yao—yet no one was punished.
42
劉正彥附
Appendix: Biography of Liu Zhengyan
43
苗傅，上黨人。 大父授，父履。 授在元豐中爲殿前都指揮使。 康王建元帥府，信德守臣梁揚祖以兵萬人至，傅與張俊、楊沂中、田師中皆隸麾下。 隆祐太后南渡，傅爲統制官，以所部八千人扈衛，駐於杭州。
Miao Fu was a native of Shangdang. His grandfather was named Shou; his father, Lü. During the Yuanfeng reign Shou served as commander of the palace guard. When Prince Kang raised his field headquarters, Liang Yangzu marched from Xinde with ten thousand men; Miao Fu, along with Zhang Jun, Yang Yizhong, and Tian Shizhong, entered his service. After Empress Dowager Longyou fled south, Miao Fu, a regimental commander, quartered eight thousand of his men at Hangzhou as her escort.
44
有劉正彥者，不知何許人。 父法，政和間爲熙河路[一四]經略使，死王事。 正彥由閣門祗候易文資至朝奉大夫，後以事責降。 會法部曲王淵爲御營都統制，正彥歸之。 淵以法故，薦正彥於朝，復爲武德大夫、知濠州，擢御營右軍副都統制，淵分精兵三千與之。 以平丁進功，進武功大夫、威州刺史。 初，正彥討進，請劉晏偕行。 晏本嚴陵人，陷遼登第，宣和中率衆來歸。 正彥用晏計易旗幟爲疑兵，遂降進。 晏自通直郎遷朝請郎，正彥恥己賞薄而晏獲峻遷，由是𡙇望，乃散所賜金帛與將士，尋被命從六宮、皇子至杭州。
There was also a man named Liu Zhengyan, of uncertain origin. His father Fa had served as military commissioner of the Xihe frontier during the Zhenghe era and died in the line of duty. Liu Zhengyan had risen from Gate Attendant to the civil post of Submissive Grandee, only to be stripped of rank and demoted when later held to account for misconduct. When Wang Yuan, a follower of Fa, was appointed supreme commander of the imperial guard, Zhengyan entered his service. Out of loyalty to Fa, Wang Yuan put Zhengyan forward at court. Zhengyan was restored as Defender-in-chief Grandee and made prefect of Haozhou, then elevated to deputy commander of the imperial guard's right wing; Wang Yuan detached three thousand elite soldiers to his command. His success in suppressing Ding Jin earned him promotion to Martial Achievement Grandee and appointment as prefect of Weizhou. When Zhengyan first marched against Ding Jin, he requested that Liu Yan go with him. Liu Yan was a native of Yanling who had been taken into Liao lands and there passed the civil examinations; during the Xuanhe reign he returned with his followers to the Song. At Liu Yan's suggestion, Zhengyan swapped out banners to create a dummy force and tricked Ding Jin into surrendering. Liu Yan vaulted from Remonstrance and Review Attendant to Court Gentleman for Supplication. Liu Zhengyan, bitter that his own reward was modest while Yan won a rapid promotion, grew resentful and gave away the gold and silk he had received to his troops. He was soon ordered to escort the imperial household and princes to Hangzhou.
45
建炎三年二月壬戌，高宗從王淵議，由鎮江幸杭州。 時諸大將如劉光世、張俊、楊沂中、韓世忠分守要害，扈衛者獨苗傅。
On renxu, the second month of Jianyan 3 (1129), Emperor Gaozong accepted Wang Yuan's advice and traveled from Zhenjiang to Hangzhou. The senior commanders—Liu Guangshi, Zhang Jun, Yang Yizhong, and Han Shizhong—were posted at strategic points, leaving only Miao Fu to guard the imperial retinue.
46
先是，王淵裝大船十數，自維揚來杭，杭人相謂曰：「船所載，皆淵平陳通時殺奪富民家財也。」 內侍省押班康履頗用事，威福由己出； 其徒奪民居，肆爲暴橫。 傅等恨之，曰：「天子顛沛至此，猶敢爾耶！」 其党張逵復激怒諸軍曰：「能殺淵及內侍，則人人可富，朝廷豈能徧罪哉！」
Not long before, Wang Yuan had sailed more than ten heavily laden ships from Weiyang to Hangzhou. Hangzhou locals whispered among themselves: "Every chest on those boats is loot Wang Yuan stole from wealthy families while crushing Chen Tong." Kang Lu, chief controller in the Inner Service Bureau, had grown dangerously influential—rewards and punishments flowed from his hand alone. His followers seized private homes and terrorized the city with open brutality. Miao Fu and his men seethed with hatred. "The emperor has been hunted this far," they cried, "and these people still dare behave so!" Zhang Kui, one of their circle, goaded the troops further: "Kill Wang Yuan and the eunuchs, and every man among us gets rich—the court cannot punish us all!"
47
三月辛巳，拜王淵同簽書樞密院事。 初，淵建幸杭州議，內侍實左右之。 及淵躐躋樞筦，衆謂薦由內侍。 傅自負宿將，疾淵驟貴。 正彥雖由淵進，淵檄取所予兵，亦怨之。 於是傅積不能平，與王世脩、張逵、王鈞甫、馬柔吉等謀作亂。 鈞甫等皆燕人，所將號「赤心軍」。 傅部分既定，乃紿淵以臨安縣有盜，意欲使淵出其兵於外。
On xinsi in the third month, Wang Yuan was named concurrent signatory of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Wang Yuan had first urged the move to Hangzhou—and eunuchs had been whispering in his ear all along. When Wang Yuan vaulted into the Bureau of Military Affairs, everyone assumed eunuchs had put him there. Miao Fu, a seasoned commander proud of his service, loathed Wang Yuan's rapid rise. Liu Zhengyan owed his promotion to Wang Yuan, yet when Yuan recalled the soldiers he had assigned him, Zhengyan turned against him as well. Miao Fu's grievances finally boiled over. He joined Wang Shixiu, Zhang Kui, Wang Junfu, Ma Rouji, and others in plotting mutiny. Wang Junfu and his associates were all from Yan; their unit was known as the Red-Heart Army. With his plans in place, Miao Fu lied to Wang Yuan that bandits were raiding Lin'an County, hoping to draw his forces out of the city.
48
康履得黃卷小文書，有兩統制作「田」、「金」字署卷末，田乃苗，金乃劉也。 於是頗泄賊謀，以告淵，淵伏兵天竺。 明日，賊黨亦伏兵城北橋下，俟淵退朝，誣以結宦官謀反，正彥手殺淵，以兵圍履第，分捕內官，凡無須者盡殺之，揭淵首，引兵犯闕。 中軍統制吳湛守宮門，潛與傅通，導其黨入奏曰：「苗傅不負國，止爲天下除害。」
Kang Lu intercepted a scrap of yellow paper bearing two signatures—"Tian" and "Jin"—at the bottom: Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan. Enough of the plot leaked out. Kang Lu warned Wang Yuan, who posted ambush troops at Tianzhu. The next morning the mutineers too laid an ambush under the north-city bridge. When Wang Yuan left court, they accused him of plotting with eunuchs. Liu Zhengyan killed Wang Yuan with his own hand, surrounded Kang Lu's house, hunted down palace eunuchs—every beardless man was slaughtered—and paraded Wang Yuan's head as they marched on the palace gates. Wu Zhan, commander of the central army, held the palace gate but was secretly in league with Miao Fu. He admitted the conspirators and announced: "Miao Fu is no traitor—he is ridding the realm of corruption."
49
知杭州康允之聞變，率從官扣閽，請帝御樓，百官皆從。 殿帥王元大呼聖駕來，傅見黃屋，猶山呼而拜。 帝憑闌呼二賊問故，傅厲聲曰：「陛下信任中官，軍士有功者不賞，私內侍者即得美官。 黃潛善、汪伯彥誤國，猶未遠竄。 王淵遇敵不戰，因友康履得除樞密。 臣立功多，止作遙郡團練。 已斬淵首，更乞斬康履、藍珪、曾擇以謝三軍。」 帝諭以當流海島，可與軍士歸營，且曰：「已除傅承宣使、御營都統制，正彥觀察使、御營副都統制。」
When Hangzhou prefect Kang Yunzhi learned of the coup, he rushed with the imperial staff to the gate and begged the emperor to appear on the balcony. The whole court followed. Palace Guard Commander Wang Yuan announced the emperor's arrival. Miao Fu, sighting the yellow imperial canopy, still prostrated himself with the formal hall cry of homage. The emperor leaned over the rail and demanded an explanation. Miao Fu shouted back: "You favor eunuchs! Soldiers who bleed for you go unrewarded, while men who bribe palace attendants win high office overnight. Huang Qianshan and Wang Boyan ruined the country, and still they have not been banished far enough. Wang Yuan refused to fight when the enemy appeared, yet through Kang Lu's patronage he won a seat on the Military Affairs Council. I have served with distinction, yet you leave me a remote district militia commissioner. Wang Yuan's head is already taken—we now demand Kang Lu, Lan Gui, and Zeng Ze be executed to satisfy the troops." The emperor promised exile to distant islands and told the soldiers to return to barracks. He added: "Miao Fu is now Commissioner-in-chief and supreme commander of the imperial guard; Liu Zhengyan is Observation Commissioner and deputy commander."
50
賊不退。 帝問百官計安出，浙西安撫司主管機宜文字時希孟曰：「禍由中官，不悉除之，禍未已也。」 帝曰：「朕左右可無給使耶？」 軍器監葉宗諤曰：「陛下何惜康履。」 遂命吳湛捕履，得於清漏閣承塵中。 傅即樓下腰斬履。
The mutineers refused to leave. The emperor turned to his ministers for counsel. Shi Ximeng, a strategy clerk on the Ji-Xi Pacification Commission staff, answered: "Eunuchs caused this crisis. Until they are purged completely, it will not end." The emperor replied: "Must I have no one left to serve me?" Ye Zongwu of the Armaments Directorate said bluntly: "Your Majesty, why spare Kang Lu?" The emperor ordered Wu Zhan to seize Kang Lu. He was found hiding in the rafters of the Clear-Leak Pavilion. Miao Fu had Kang Lu cut in half at the waist right beneath the balcony.
51
傅猶肆惡言，謂「帝不當即大位，淵聖來歸，何以處也？」 帝使朱勝非縋樓下曲諭之。 傅請隆祐太后同聽政及遣使與金議和。 帝許諾，即下詔請太后垂簾。 賊聞詔不拜，曰：「自有皇太子可立。」 張逵曰：「今日之事，當爲百姓社稷計。」 時希孟曰：「宜率百官死社稷，否則從三軍之請。」 通判杭州事章誼叱之曰：「何可從三軍邪！」 帝徐謂勝非曰：「朕當退避，須太后命。」 勝非謂不可。 顏岐曰：「得太后親諭之，則無詞矣。」
Miao Fu pressed on with threats: "You should never have taken the throne. When the captured emperor returns, where does that leave you?" The emperor lowered Zhu Shengfei on a rope to reason with him privately below. Miao Fu demanded that Empress Dowager Longyou rule alongside him and that envoys be sent to negotiate peace with the Jin. The emperor agreed and at once issued an edict inviting the empress dowager to rule from behind the screen. The rebels refused to bow when the edict was read. "There is a crown prince ready to be enthroned," they declared. Zhang Kui argued: "Today's decision must serve the people and the realm." Shi Ximeng urged: "Better that all officials die defending the throne—otherwise yield to the army's demand." Hangzhou vice-prefect Zhang Yi rebuked him sharply: "We cannot surrender to mutineers!" The emperor said quietly to Zhu Shengfei: "I am ready to step aside—but I need the empress dowager's order." Zhu Shengfei objected that this must not happen. Yan Qi suggested: "Once the empress dowager speaks to them directly, they will have nothing left to say."
52
時寒甚，門無簾幃，帝坐一竹椅。 既請太后，即起立楹側。 太后御肩輿出立樓前，二賊拜曰：「今日百姓無辜，肝腦塗地，望太后主張。」 太后曰：「道君皇帝任蔡京、王黼，更祖宗法，童貫起邊釁，所以致金人之禍。 今皇帝聖孝，無失德，止爲黃潛善、汪伯彥所誤，已加竄逐，統制獨不知邪？」 傅曰：「臣等定議，必欲立皇子。」 后曰：「今強敵在外，使吾一婦人簾前抱三歲兒，何以令天下？」 正彥等號泣固請，因呼其衆曰：「太后既不允，吾當受戮。」 遂作解衣狀，后諭止之。 傅曰：「事久不決，恐三軍生變。」 顧謂勝非曰：「相公何無一言？」 勝非不能答。 適顏岐至自帝前，奏曰：「皇帝令臣奏知太后，已決意從傅請矣，乞太后宣諭。」 后猶不許，傅等語益不遜。
The cold was bitter, the gate uncurtained, and the emperor sat on a bare bamboo chair. Having sent for the empress dowager, he rose and stood beside a column. The empress dowager arrived in a sedan and stood before the balcony. The two rebels bowed: "Innocent people are dying in the streets today. Only Your Majesty can settle this." The empress dowager replied: "Emperor Huizong trusted Cai Jing and Wang Fu, abandoned our forefathers' ways, and let Tong Guan provoke war on the frontier—that is how we brought the Jin upon ourselves. The present emperor is filial and without fault. Huang Qianshan and Wang Boyan misled him, and they have already been banished. Do you commanders not know this?" Miao Fu answered: "Our minds are made up. We will install the crown prince." The empress dowager challenged them: "With powerful enemies at our gates, how can a woman behind a screen clutching a three-year-old child govern the empire?" Liu Zhengyan and his men wept and pleaded insistently, then turned to their followers: "If the empress dowager refuses, let us accept death." They began stripping off their armor as if preparing for execution. The empress dowager ordered them to stop. Miao Fu warned: "Delay will only provoke the troops to revolt again." He turned to Zhu Shengfei: "Chancellor, have you nothing to say?" Zhu Shengfei had no reply. Yan Qi hurried over from the emperor's side and reported: "His Majesty has decided to accept Miao Fu's demand. He asks the empress dowager to announce it." The empress dowager still refused. Miao Fu and his men grew increasingly abusive.
53
太后還入門，帝遣人奏禪位，勝非泣曰：「臣義當死，乞下詰二凶。」 帝屏左右語曰：「當爲後圖，事不成，死未晚。」 勝非曰：「王鈞甫，賊腹心也，適語臣曰：『二將忠有餘，學不足。』 此可爲後圖耳。」
As the empress dowager withdrew, the emperor sent word that he would abdicate. Zhu Shengfei wept: "I should die for this shame—issue an edict denouncing those two criminals." Drawing Zhu Shengfei aside, the emperor whispered: "We must plan for recovery. It is not yet time to die." Zhu Shengfei answered: "Wang Junfu is their inner circle. He just told me: 'Those two generals are loyal enough but not clever enough. That gives us something to work with," Zhu Shengfei said."
54
是日，帝幸顯忠寺。 甲申，太后垂簾，降赦，號帝爲睿聖仁孝皇帝，以顯忠寺爲睿聖宮，留內侍十五人，餘悉編置。
That same day the emperor took refuge at Xianzhong Temple. On jiashen the empress dowager took up regency and proclaimed a general amnesty. The emperor was styled "Sage and Filial Emperor of Sagacious Enlightenment," Xianzhong Temple became his palace, fifteen eunuchs were retained, and the rest were reassigned.
55
丙戌，赦至平江府，張浚知有變，不拜。 丁亥，至江寧，制置呂頤浩遺浚書，痛述事變。 浚乃舉兵。 戊子，御營前軍統制張俊至平江，浚諭以起兵，俊泣奉命。
When the amnesty reached Pingjiang on bingxu, Zhang Shu learned of the coup and refused to acknowledge it. Reaching Jiangning on dinghai, pacification commissioner Lu Yihao wrote Zhang Shu a letter describing the catastrophe in full. Zhang Shu mobilized his forces. On wuzi the imperial guard commander Zhang Jun reached Pingjiang. Zhang Shu urged him to march; the general wept as he accepted the order.
56
初，勝非奏，垂簾當二臣同對，今屬時艱，乞許獨對。 恐賊疑，乃日引其徒一人與俱。 傅入對，後勞勉之。 賊喜，無所疑，故臣僚入對，得謀復辟。
Zhu Shengfei had argued that regency audiences normally required two ministers in attendance, but given the crisis he asked to meet the empress dowager alone. To avoid arousing the mutineers' suspicion, he brought one of their men with him to every audience. When Miao Fu came to audience, the empress dowager afterward praised and reassured him. The rebels, delighted and unsuspecting, left the court free to plan the emperor's restoration during private audiences.
57
勝非深結王世修，將處以從官，俾通二凶。
Zhu Shengfei cultivated Wang Shixiu closely, planning to give him a court post so he could serve as a channel to the two ringleaders.
58
傅欲改元，正彥欲遷都建康，太后謂勝非曰：「二事如俱不允，恐賊有他變。」 己丑，改元明受。 張浚遺書二凶，獎其忠義以慰安之。 庚寅，百官朝睿聖宮。 以傅爲武當軍節度使。
Miao Fu wanted a new reign title; Liu Zhengyan wanted the capital moved to Jiankang. The empress dowager told Zhu Shengfei: "Refuse both demands and the mutineers may turn violent." On jichou the era name was changed to Mingshou. Zhang Shu wrote the two ringleaders flattering letters praising their loyalty to keep them calm. On gengyin the full court assembled at the Palace of Sagacious Enlightenment. Miao Fu was appointed military commissioner of the Wudang Army.
59
辛卯，張浚遣進士馮轓赴行在，請帝親總要務。 復抵書馬柔吉、王鈞甫宜早反正，以解天下之惑。
On xinmao Zhang Shu dispatched Feng Fan, a passed jinshi scholar, to the temporary capital to ask the emperor to resume direct control of state affairs. He also wrote Ma Rouji and Wang Junfu urging them to end the coup quickly and clear the confusion gripping the empire.
60
浚既遣轓，即檄諸路，約呂頤浩、劉光世會平江。 傅以堂帖趣張浚赴秦州，命趙哲領俊軍，哲不從； 改命陳思恭，思恭亦不從。
Once Feng Fan was dispatched, Zhang Shu circulated orders summoning Lu Yihao and Liu Guangshi to assemble at Pingjiang. Miao Fu sent a bureau summons ordering Zhang Shu to Qinzhou and tried to put Zhao Zhe in charge of Zhang Jun's army; Zhao Zhe refused. They replaced him with Chen Sigong, who likewise refused.
61
壬辰，以諫議大夫鄭瑴爲御史中丞。 賊以武功大夫王彥爲御營司統制，瑴面折二凶，彥佯狂，即日致仕。
On renchen Remonstrance Grandee Zheng Yao was appointed censor-in-chief. The mutineers installed Wang Yan, a Martial Achievement Grandee, as commander of the imperial guard bureau. Zheng Yao openly denounced the two ringleaders to their faces; Wang Yan pretended madness and retired the same day.
62
癸巳，韓世忠引兵至常熟。 辛道宗謂張浚曰：「賊萬一邀駕入海，何以爲計！」 浚乃聲言防遏海寇，奏道宗爲節制司參議官，措置海船以避賊。
On guisi Han Shizhong marched his army to Changshu. Xin Daozong warned Zhang Shu: "If the mutineers drag the emperor out to sea, what then?" Zhang Shu publicly claimed he was guarding against sea raiders, appointed Xin Daozong a staff officer on the pacification commission, and gathered ships—cover to move the emperor away from the rebels if needed.
63
甲午，貶曾擇、藍珪于嶺南，傅追斬擇。 賊欲以所部代禁衛守睿聖宮，又欲邀帝幸徽、越，張澄、勝非曲諭止之。
On jiawu Zeng Ze and Lan Gui were banished to Lingnan; Miao Fu had Ze hunted down and executed. The mutineers wanted their own troops to replace the palace guard at the emperor's residence and tried to drag him off to Huizhou and Yuezhou; Zhang Cheng and Zhu Shengfei talked them out of it.
64
馮轓說二凶反正，傅按劍瞋目視轓，正彥解之，曰：「須張侍郎來，乃可。」 即遣歸朝官趙休與轓共招浚。
Feng Fan urged the two ringleaders to end the coup. Miao Fu gripped his sword and glared at him. Liu Zhengyan intervened: "Nothing can be settled until Vice Director Zhang arrives." They then sent Zhao Xiu, a recalled court official, back with Feng Fan to fetch Zhang Shu.
65
乙未，呂頤浩勤王兵至丹陽，劉光世引所部來會。 丙申，韓世忠兵至平江，即欲進兵。 浚曰：「已遣馮轓甘言誘賊矣。 投鼠忌器，不可太亟。」
On yìwěi day, the relief army Lü Yihao had mustered reached Danyang, where Liu Guangshi marched in with his division to unite with them. The next day, bǐngshēn, Han Shizhong's force arrived at Pingjiang and at once pressed to march forward. Zhang Shu replied, "I've already sent Feng Fan to soften them with fair promises and draw the rebels out. Strike too hard and you may smash what you're trying to protect—we cannot move too quickly."
66
賊遣張彥、王德聲言防淮，德伺彥醉，並其軍，自採石濟江歸劉光世，彥尋爲人所殺。 戊戌，浚以世忠兵少，分張俊兵二千益之，發平江。
The rebels dispatched Zhang Yan and Wang De on the pretext of guarding the Huai frontier. Wang De waited until Yan was drunk, seized his command, crossed the Yangtze at Caishi, and rejoined Liu Guangshi; Zhang Yan was murdered shortly afterward. On wùxū day, finding Han Shizhong too lightly manned, Zhang Shu detached two thousand soldiers from Zhang Jun's command to reinforce him, then marched out of Pingjiang.
67
馮轓至平江，浚復遣入責賊以大義，諭以禍福，期雖死無悔。 傅等初聞浚集兵，未之信，及得浚書，始悟見討。 奏請誅浚以令天下。 詔責浚黃州團練副使，郴州安置。 鄭瑴上疏謂浚不當責，密遣所親謝向變姓名告浚宜持重緩進，賊當自遁，浚然之。
After Feng Fan reached Pingjiang, Zhang Shu sent him back into the rebel camp to confront them with duty, warn them of the consequences, and declare he would accept death without regret. At first Miao Fu and his confederates refused to believe Zhang Shu was raising an army; the letter in his own hand finally convinced them they were marked for destruction. They submitted a memorial demanding Zhang Shu's execution as a warning to the empire. The court stripped Zhang Shu of rank, demoting him to vice military training commissioner of Huang Prefecture and banishing him to Chen Prefecture. Zheng Yao memorialized that Zhang Shu ought not be punished, and secretly sent his confidant Xie Xiang under an assumed name to urge restraint: advance slowly, and the rebels would collapse on their own. Zhang Shu accepted the counsel.
68
是日，賊遣苗瑀、馬柔吉將赤心隊及王淵舊部曲駐臨平，以拒勤王之師。 馮轓至臨平，見馬柔吉，同縋入城。 詰朝，與傅等議，傅曰：「爾尚敢來邪？」 欲拘轓。 浚逆知之，謬爲書遺轓，言客自杭來，知二公于朝廷初無異心，殊悔前書失於輕易。 賊得浚遺轓書，大喜，乃釋轓。
That same day the rebels posted Miao Yu and Ma Rouji at Linping with the Red Heart Corps and Wang Yuan's former troops to block the relief armies. At Linping, Feng Fan met Ma Rouji, and both men were hauled over the wall into the city by rope. At dawn, when Feng Fan met with Miao Fu and the rest, Fu snarled, "You still have the nerve to show your face?" He meant to hold Feng Fan prisoner. Forewarned, Zhang Shu forged a letter to Fan claiming a visitor from Hangzhou had sworn the two ringleaders had never meant disloyalty and now bitterly regretted their hasty earlier message. The rebels seized Zhang Shu's letter to Fan, rejoiced at the reassurance, and set Feng Fan free.
69
壬寅，浚得謫命，恐將士解體，紿曰：「趣召之命也。」 是日，呂頤浩至平江，與浚對泣曰：「事不諧，不過赤族。」 乃命幕客李承造草檄告四方討賊。 賊聞勤王之兵大集，即呼馮轓、勝非議復辟。 癸卯，張俊發平江，劉光世繼之。 賊亦遣兵三千屯湖州小林。 丙午，頤浩、浚以大兵發平江。 詔以浚爲知樞密院事。
On rén yín day Zhang Shu received his demotion; fearing his army would melt away, he lied that the order was an urgent recall to court. That day Lü Yihao reached Pingjiang. He and Zhang Shu faced each other in tears: "If this fails, our whole houses go to the block." He then ordered his aide Li Chengzao to draft a proclamation calling the realm to arms against the rebels. Learning that relief armies were massing in force, the rebels at once called in Feng Fan and Zhu Shengfei to negotiate the emperor's restoration. On guǐmǎo day Zhang Jun marched out of Pingjiang, with Liu Guangshi close behind. The rebels likewise posted three thousand men at Xiaolin in Huzhou. On bǐngwǔ day Lü Yihao and Zhang Shu led the main force out of Pingjiang. The court restored Zhang Shu as commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs.
70
丁未，勝非召二凶至都堂議復辟，率百官三上表以請。 夏四月戊申朔，帝還宮，都人大說。 帝御前殿，詔尊太后曰隆祐皇太后，立嗣君爲皇太子。 辛酉，徙傅淮西制置使，正彥副之。 庚戌，詔復建炎號。
On dīngwèi day Zhu Shengfei convened the two ringleaders at the chief council hall to settle the restoration; the full bureaucracy submitted three successive memorials begging the emperor's return. On the first day of the fourth month, wùshēn, the emperor returned to the palace, and the capital erupted in joy. The emperor appeared in the front hall and issued edicts elevating the empress dowager to Empress Dowager Longyou and naming the heir crown prince. On xīnyǒu day Miao Fu was posted as Huai West military commissioner, with Liu Zhengyan as his deputy. On gēngxū day the court restored the Jianyan reign era.
71
是日，頤浩、浚軍次臨平，苗翊、馬柔吉以兵阻河。 韓世忠率先鋒力戰，俊、光世乘之，翊敗走。 勤王兵進北關。 二凶詣都堂，趣得所賜鐵券，引精兵二千，夜開湧金門遁。 辛亥，頤浩、浚引勤王兵入城。 世忠手執王世修以屬吏。
That same day Lü Yihao and Zhang Shu encamped at Linping, where Miao Yi and Ma Rouji barred the river with their forces. Han Shizhong's vanguard smashed into the enemy line; Zhang Jun and Liu Guangshi piled on, and Miao Yi broke and ran. The relief army pushed on to the North Gate. The two ringleaders appeared at the chief council hall, seized the iron pardons granted them, mustered two thousand elite troops, and slipped out through the Yongjin Gate by night. On xīn hài day Lü Yihao and Zhang Shu marched the relief army into the capital. Han Shizhong himself seized Wang Shixiu and turned him over to the magistrates.
72
苗傅犯富陽，統制官喬仲福追擊之。 癸丑，犯桐廬。 甲寅，斬吳湛。 時希孟編管吉陽軍。 丙辰，傅等至白沙渡，所過燔橋以阻官軍。 丁巳，犯壽昌縣，黥民充軍。 庚申，犯衢州，守臣胡唐老拒卻之。 丙寅，犯常山。 世忠請任討賊。 丁卯，以世忠爲江、浙制置使，自衢、信追擊賊。 戊辰，賊犯玉山縣。 辛未，賊屯沙溪鎮。 統制巨師古自江東討賊還，與喬仲福、王德會信州。 賊聞之，還屯衢、信間。
Miao Fu raided Fuyang; regimental commander Qiao Zhongfu gave chase. On guǐchǒu day the rebels struck Tonglu. On jiǎyín day Wu Zhan was beheaded. Shi Ximeng was struck from the rolls and exiled to Jiyang. On bǐngchén day Miao Fu's band reached Baisha Ford, burning bridges along the route to slow the imperial pursuit. On dīngsì day they overran Shouchang County and impressed the populace by facial tattoo into military service. On gēngshēn day they assaulted Qu Prefecture, but the prefect Hu Tanglao drove them back. On bǐngyín day they raided Changshan. Han Shizhong volunteered to lead the campaign against the fugitive rebels. On dīngmǎo day Han Shizhong was appointed Jiang-Zhe military commissioner and ordered to hunt the rebels through Qu and Xin. On wùchén day the rebels struck Yushan County. On xīnwèi day the rebels made camp at Shaxi Town. Regimental commander Ju Shigu, marching back from pacifying rebels in Jiangdong, linked up with Qiao Zhongfu and Wang De at Xin Prefecture. Hearing of the concentration, the rebels pulled back to the Qu-Xin corridor.
73
五月戊寅朔，世忠發杭州。 庚辰，賊党張翼斬鈞甫及柔吉父子首以降，江、浙制置使周望受之以聞。 賊寇浦城縣，夾溪而屯，據險設伏，以邀官軍，統制官馬彥溥死之。 賊乘勝犯中軍，世忠瞋目大呼，揮兵直前，正彥墮馬，生禽之。 賊將江池殺孟皋、禽苗翊降，衆悉解甲。 張逵收餘兵入崇安，喬仲福追殺之。
On the first day of the fifth month, wùyín, Han Shizhong marched out of Hangzhou. On gēngchén day the turncoat Zhang Yi slew Junfu and the Rouji family and sent their heads in surrender; Zhou Wang, Jiang-Zhe military commissioner, received the offer and reported upward. The rebels struck Pucheng County, lining both banks of a creek, fortifying the heights and laying ambushes to trap the imperial force; regimental commander Ma Yanpu fell in battle. Emboldened by victory, the rebels charged the center. Han Shizhong glared and roared, drove straight ahead, knocked Liu Zhengyan from his horse, and took him alive. Rebel officer Jiang Chi killed Meng Gao, seized Miao Yi, and capitulated; the rank and file threw down their weapons. Zhang Kui rallied the remnants and fled into Chong'an; Qiao Zhongfu ran him down and killed him.
74
傅棄軍變姓名夜遁建陽，土豪詹標覺之，執送世忠，檻車赴行在。 壬寅，詔班師。
Miao Fu deserted his troops, assumed a false name, and stole away by night toward Jianyang. Local magnate Zhan Biao recognized him, seized him, and delivered him to Han Shizhong, who sent him to the temporary capital in a prison cart. On rén yín day the court ordered the armies withdrawn.
75
秋七月辛巳，世忠軍還，俘傅、正彥以獻，磔于建康市。 張逵、苗瑀及傅二子俱已前死。 詔釋餘黨。
On xīnsì day in the seventh month, Han Shizhong returned in triumph with Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan as prisoners; both were torn apart in the Jiankang marketplace. Zhang Kui, Miao Yu, and Miao Fu's two sons had already perished before this. The court issued an amnesty for the remaining followers.
76
杜充，字公美，相人也。 喜功名，性殘忍好殺，而短于謀略。 紹聖間，登進士第，累遷考功郎、光祿少卿，出知滄州。 靖康初，加集英殿修撰，復知滄州。 時金人南侵，郡中僑寓皆燕人來歸者，充慮爲敵內應，殺之無噍類。
Du Chong, styled Gongmei, came from Xiang. He hungered for glory, was cruel and bloodthirsty by temperament, and lacked strategic depth. In the Shaosheng reign he earned his jinshi degree, rose through the Ministry of Personnel and the Imperial Household, and was posted prefect of Cangzhou. Early in the Jingkang crisis he was made a compiler of the Hall for Assembling Elegance and returned to Cang Prefecture as prefect. When the Jin swept south, Cangzhou sheltered many refugees from Yan who had fled to the Song. Du Chong feared they would act as fifth columns and slaughtered them to the last soul.
77
建炎元年，進天章閣待制、北京留守，遷樞密直學士。 提刑郭永嘗畫三策以獻充，充不省。 永誚之曰：「人有志而無才，好名而無實，驕蹇自用而得聲譽，以此當大任，鮮克有終矣。」 二年，宗澤卒，充代爲留守兼開封尹。 三年，以戶部尚書兼侍讀召，未至，改資政殿學士，節制淮南、京東西路，依前京城留守，尋知宣武軍節度使。
In Jianyan 1 he was made attendant of the Hall of Heavenly Writings and commandant of the Northern Capital, then direct academician of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Investigating censor Guo Yong once submitted three plans to Du Chong; Du Chong ignored them entirely. Guo Yong mocked him: "Ambitious but untalented, hungry for fame but hollow, arrogant and obstinate yet celebrated—men like that rarely end well in high command." In the second year, after Zong Ze died, Du Chong succeeded him as Kaifeng commandant and metropolitan magistrate. In the third year he was recalled as minister of revenue and imperial reader; before he reached court he was made academician of the Hall for Assisting Governance with authority over Huainan and the capital region, kept on as capital commandant, and soon given the Xuanwu army commission.
78
七月，以同知樞密院召還，至，即拜尚書右僕射、同平章事、御營使。 初，宗澤要結豪傑，圖迎二帝。 澤卒，充短於撫御，人心疑阻，兩河忠義之士往往皆引去，留守判官宗穎嘗疏其失。 朝廷謂充有威望，可屬大事，呂頤浩、張浚亦薦之，故有是命。 時諸路各擁重兵，率驕蹇不用命。 張俊方白事，謁未入，俊遽前，充怒戮其使，諸將稍稍慴服。
In the seventh month he was recalled as vice commissioner of military affairs; on arrival he was at once made right vice director of works, co-grand councilor, and commissioner of the imperial camp. Earlier Zong Ze had rallied local champions and plotted to recover the two captive emperors. After Zong Ze's death Du Chong proved unable to hold loyalty; morale collapsed across the north, loyalist bands in the two He regions drifted away, and his aide Zong Ying memorialized against his failures. The court believed Du Chong still commanded respect and could bear heavy responsibility; Lü Yihao and Zhang Shu recommended him as well, and so he received the post. Every circuit then fielded its own heavy armies, and most commanders were proud, unruly, and slow to obey. Once when Zhang Jun came to report, he pushed ahead before being announced; Du Chong flew into a rage and executed Jun's messenger, and the other generals began to fear him.
79
高宗將幸浙西，命韓世忠屯太平，王𤫉屯常州。 以充爲江、淮宣撫使，留建康，使盡護諸將。 光世、世忠憚充嚴急，不樂屬充。 詔移光世江州、世忠常州。 時江、浙倚充爲重，而充日事誅殺，無制敵之方，識者寒心。
As Gaozong prepared to move into western Zhe, he posted Han Shizhong at Taiping and Wang Yan at Changzhou. Du Chong was made Jiang-Huai pacification commissioner, left at Jiankang with authority over every field commander. Liu Guangshi and Han Shizhong dreaded Du Chong's harsh rule and resented serving under him. The court reassigned Liu Guangshi to Jiangzhou and Han Shizhong to Changzhou. Jiangnan and Zhejiang then rested their hopes on Du Chong, yet he spent his days in executions and offered no strategy against the Jin; thoughtful observers grew deeply alarmed.
80
金人窺江，充遣裨將王民、張超分守諸渡，乘高據岸，以神臂弓射卻之。 金人復逼采石，時以輕舟薄南岸，官軍奮擊，或沉其舟。 一日當晝，金人對江列陣而佯退，衆信之，守益懈。 敵諜知無備，夜乃乘數十舟橫江直濟，衆不能御，敵遂登岸。 充亟命統制官陳淬盡領岳飛諸裨校合二萬人邀擊于馬家渡，約王𤫉俱进。 敵氣銳甚，淬戰沒，𤫉引兵遁，充軍潰。
When Jin scouts probed the Yangtze, Du Chong posted Wang Min and Zhang Chao at the ferries, holding the high ground along the bank and driving them back with divine-arm crossbows. The Jin returned and pressed up against Caishi, sending light craft to skim the south bank; the Song fought back fiercely and sank several boats. One afternoon the Jin drew up in battle order across the river and pretended to withdraw; the defenders took the ruse at face value and slackened their guard. Enemy scouts found the line undefended; that night dozens of boats crossed the Yangtze at a stroke, the defenders could not stop them, and the Jin came ashore. Du Chong urgently ordered Chen Cui to gather Yue Fei's officers and twenty thousand men to intercept the Jin at Ma Jia Ford, with Wang Yan pledged to join the attack. The Jin struck with terrible force; Chen Cui was killed, Wang Yan fled with his command, and Du Chong's army disintegrated.
81
金人陷建康，充渡江保真州。 充嘗痛繩諸將，諸將銜之，伺其敗，衆將甘心焉。 充不敢歸，乃北約泗州劉位、徐州趙立，欲合兵邀敵歸路。 詔遣內侍任源賜親劄激厲，俾爲後圖。 源至常州，道阻未得進，募健士先達上意，充詭詞自飭以報源。
The Jin took Jiankang; Du Chong crossed the Yangtze and withdrew to Zhenzhou. Du Chong had long brutalized his officers; they nursed their grudges, watched him fail, and felt nothing but satisfaction. Afraid to face the court, Du Chong turned north and tried to link up with Liu Wei at Sizhou and Zhao Li at Xuzhou to cut the Jin line of retreat. The court sent the palace eunuch Ren Yuan with an autograph letter urging him on and bidding him regroup. Ren Yuan reached Changzhou but could not get through; he hired bold men to carry the emperor's message ahead, while Du Chong answered with self-rebuking lies.
82
充居真州長蘆寺，守臣向子忞勸充由通、泰入浙，欲與偕行，充畜異志，不聽。 始，京畿提刑淩唐佐在南京，守臣孟庾歸朝，以府事委之，唐佐遂降于金爲所用。 唐佐雅善充，以書招之。 完顏宗弼復遣人說充曰：「若降，當封以中原，如張邦昌故事。」 充遂叛降金。 事聞，高宗謂輔臣曰：「朕待充不薄，何乃至是哉？」 下制削充爵，徙其子嵩、岩、崐、婿韓汝惟于廣州。
Du Chong lodged at Changlu Temple in Zhenzhou. Prefect Xiang Zimin urged him to cross into Zhe by Tong and Tai and offered to go with him; Du Chong already had other designs and refused. Earlier, capital-region investigating censor Ling Tangzuo had remained at Nanjing when prefect Meng Geng returned to court and left the city in his hands; Tangzuo then surrendered to the Jin and entered their service. Ling Tangzuo, an old friend of Du Chong, wrote urging him to defect. Wanyan Zongbi sent envoys promising that if Du Chong surrendered he would be made ruler of the Central Plains, as Zhang Bangchang had been. Du Chong then crossed over and surrendered to the Jin. When word reached court, Gaozong told his ministers, "I treated Du Chong generously—how could he do this?" The throne stripped Du Chong of rank and exiled his sons Song, Yan, and Kun and his son-in-law Han Ruwei to Guangzhou.
83
是冬，充至雲中，粘罕薄之，久之，命知相州。 充猜阻肆威，同列多不協。 紹興二年，其孫自徙所間走歸充，其副胡景山誣充陰通朝廷。 粘罕下充吏，炮掠備至，不服，釋之，因問充曰：「汝欲復歸南朝邪？」 充曰：「元帥敢歸，充不敢也。」 粘罕哂之。 七年，命充爲燕京三司使。 八年，同簽書燕京行台尚書省事。 九年，遷行台右丞相。 十一年，和議成而充死矣。
That winter Du Chong reached Yunzhong. Nianhan treated him with contempt, but in time appointed him prefect of Xiangzhou. Du Chong was secretive, obstructive, and overbearing; most of his peers refused to work with him. In Shaoxing 2 his grandson fled banishment to rejoin him, and his deputy Hu Jingshan charged that Du Chong was in secret contact with the Southern Song court. Nianhan turned Du Chong over to the magistrates, who tortured him with fire and extortion to the limit. He would not confess and was released, whereupon Nianhan asked him, "Do you mean to go back to the Southern Song?" Du Chong replied, "If Your Excellency dares go back, I certainly do not." Nianhan gave a derisive laugh. In Shaoxing 7 he was made Commissioner of the Three Departments at Yanjing. In Shaoxing 8 he also served as co-signatory for the Yanjing Branch Secretariat. In Shaoxing 9 he was promoted to Right Grand Chancellor of the Branch Secretariat. In Shaoxing 11 the peace treaty was settled—and Du Chong died.
84
吳曦，信王璘之孫，節度挺之中子。 以祖任補右承奉郎。 淳熙五年，換武德郎，除中郎將，後省言其太驟，改武翼郎。 累遷高州刺史。 紹熙四年，挺卒，起復濠州團練使。 慶元元年冬，由建康軍馬都統制除知興州兼利西路安撫使。 四年，憲聖園陵成，以勞遷武甯軍承宣使。 六年，光宗攢陵成，遷太尉。
Wu Xi was grandson of the Trustworthy Prince Wu Lin and the second son of the military commissioner Wu Ting. By his grandfather's privilege he entered service as Right Recipient of Favors. In Chunxi 5 he transferred to Wude Lang and was made Central Court Gentleman-General, but the Secretariat protested that the promotion was too rapid and he was reduced to Wuyi Lang. He rose by stages to prefect of Gaozhou. In Shaoxi 4, when Wu Ting died, Xi was recalled from mourning to serve as regimentation commissioner of Haozhou. In the winter of Qingyuan 1 he left his post as Jiankang horse commandant to become prefect of Xingzhou and pacification commissioner of Lixi Circuit. In Qingyuan 4, when Empress Xiaosheng's mausoleum was finished, he was rewarded with the honorary title of Martial Tranquility Army Bearer. In Qingyuan 6, after Guangzong's provisional tomb was completed, he was promoted to Grand Marshal.
85
會韓侂胄謀開邊，曦潛畜異志，因附侂胄求還蜀。 樞密何澹覺其意，力沮之。 陳自強納曦厚賂，陰贊侂胄，遂命曦興州駐紮御前諸軍都統制，兼知興州、利州西路安撫使。 從政郎朱不棄上侂胄書，謂曦不可主西師，侂胄不報。 曦至鎮，譖副都統制王大節，罷之，更不除副帥，而兵權悉歸於曦。 開禧二年，朝廷議出師，詔曦爲四川宣撫副使，仍知興州，聽便宜行事。 自紹興末，王人出總蜀賦，移牒宣司，勢均禮敵。 而侂胄以總計隸宣司，副使得節制按劾，而財賦之權又歸於曦。 未幾，兼陝西、河東招撫使。
When Han Tuozhou began plotting a frontier war, Wu Xi secretly nursed other ambitions and curried favor with him, asking to be sent back to Sichuan. Grand Councilor He Dan saw through his design and fought hard to block the appointment. Chen Ziqiang took Wu Xi's heavy bribes and quietly urged Tuozhou on, and Wu Xi was made overall commander of the imperial armies at Xingzhou, with concurrent posts as prefect of Xingzhou and pacification commissioner of Lizhou West Circuit. Zhu Buqi, an associate gentleman, wrote to Tuozhou warning that Wu Xi was unfit to command the western armies; Tuozhou ignored him. Once at his command, Wu Xi denounced his deputy Wang Dajie and had him removed; he never named another second-in-command, and kept every lever of military power in his own hands. In Kaixi 2, as the court debated going to war, Wu Xi was named deputy military commissioner of Sichuan while retaining Xingzhou, with authority to act as he saw fit. Since the late Shaoxing era Wang Ren had overseen Sichuan's finances and dealt with the military commissioner's office as an equal in rank and ceremony. Tuozhou then subordinated the chief fiscal officer to the military commission, giving the deputy commissioner power to supervise and investigate—and with that, control of revenue passed back to Wu Xi. Soon afterward he was also made commissioner for pacification of Shaanxi and Hedong.
86
曦與從弟晛及徐景望、趙富、米修之、董鎮共爲反謀，陰遣客姚淮源獻關外階、成、和、鳳四州于金，求封爲蜀王。 侂胄日夜望曦進兵，曦陽爲持重，按兵河池不進，潛爲金人地以困王師，侂胄不之覺。 會正使程松至，曦不庭參，松不敢詰； 曦復多摘取松衛兵，松亦不悟。
Wu Xi, his cousin Wu Xian, and Xu Jingwang, Zhao Fu, Mi Xiuzhi, and Dong Zhen formed a treasonous conspiracy; secretly he sent Yao Huaiyuan to surrender the four border prefectures of Jie, Cheng, He, and Feng to the Jin in exchange for the title King of Shu. Tuozhou waited day and night for Wu Xi to march, but Wu Xi feigned caution, kept his army at Hechi, and quietly yielded ground to the Jin to cripple the Song forces—while Tuozhou noticed nothing. When chief envoy Cheng Song arrived, Wu Xi refused the formal audience, and Song did not dare press the matter; Wu Xi also stripped away many of Song's guards, and Song still failed to understand.
87
金人犯西和，王喜、魯翼拒之。 戰方急，曦傳令退保黑穀，軍遂潰。 乃焚河池，退壁青野原。 曦時已布腹心于金，將士未之知，猶力戰，敵人竊笑之。 曦退壁魚關，招集忠義，厚賜以收衆心。 興元都統制毋思以重兵守大散關，曦因撤驀關之戍，敵由版閘穀繞出思後，思遁。 金遂陷大散關，曦退屯罝口。 舉人陳國飾投匭上書，言曦必叛，侂胄不省。
When the Jin attacked Xihe, Wang Xi and Lu Yi held them off. Just as the fighting grew fierce, Wu Xi ordered a retreat to Black Valley, and the army broke and fled. He burned Hechi and fell back to entrench himself on Qingye Plain. Wu Xi had already placed his agents with the Jin, though his troops knew nothing and still fought hard—while the enemy quietly mocked them. Wu Xi withdrew to Yu Pass, rallied loyal volunteers, and paid out lavish rewards to win the troops over. Mu Si, overall commander at Xingyuan, held Dasan Pass with a large force; Wu Xi pulled the garrison from Mokan Pass, and the Jin slipped through Banzhang Valley to get behind him—whereupon Mu Si fled. The Jin then took Dasan Pass, and Wu Xi fell back to Zhakou. The degree-holder Chen Guoshi dropped a memorial into the petition box warning that Wu Xi would rebel, but Tuozhou paid no attention.
88
十二月，興州見兩日相摩。 金遣吳端持詔書、金印至罝口，封曦蜀王，曦密受之。 李好義敗金人于七方關，曦不上其捷，還興州。 是夜，天赤如血，光燭地如晝。 翌日，曦召幕屬諭意，謂東南失守，車駕幸四明，今宜從權濟事，衆失色。 王翼、楊騤之抗言曰：「如此，則相公八十年忠孝門戶，一朝掃地矣！」 曦曰：「吾意已決。」 即詣甲仗庫，集兵將官語故，祿禧、褚青、王喜、王大中等皆稱賀聽命。 曦北向受印。 遣徐景望爲四川都轉運使、褚青爲左右軍統制，趨益昌，奪總領所倉庫。 程松聞變，棄興元去。
In the twelfth month a double sun appeared at Xingzhou, the disks seeming to grind against each other. The Jin dispatched Wu Duan to Zhakou with an edict and a golden seal making Wu Xi King of Shu, and Wu Xi accepted them in secret. Li Haoyi routed the Jin at Qifang Pass, but Wu Xi suppressed the report of victory and returned to Xingzhou. That night the sky turned blood-red, and the glow lit the ground bright as noon. The next day Wu Xi called his staff together and declared that the southeast had fallen, the emperor had fled to Siming, and extraordinary measures were now required; everyone turned pale. Wang Yi and Yang Xunzhi protested boldly: "Do this, and eighty years of your family's loyalty and honor will be destroyed in a single day!" Wu Xi replied, "My decision is made." He went straight to the armory, assembled the officers, and laid out his plan; Lu Xi, Chu Qing, Wang Xi, Wang Zhong, and the rest congratulated him and fell in line. Wu Xi turned north to receive the Jin seal. He dispatched Xu Jingwang as chief transport commissioner of Sichuan and Chu Qing as commander of the left and right armies to rush to Yichang and seize the supply depots. When Cheng Song learned of the revolt, he abandoned Xingyuan and fled.
89
三年正月，曦遣將利吉引金兵入鳳州，以四郡付之，表鐵山爲界。 曦乘黃屋左纛，僭王位於興州，即治所爲行宮，稱是月爲元年。 使人告其伯母趙氏，趙怒絕之。 叔母劉晝夜號泣，罵不絕口，曦扶出之。 族子僎爲興元統制，見偽檄，色甚不平。
In the first month of Kaixi 3 Wu Xi sent his general Li Ji to bring Jin troops into Fengzhou, handed over the four prefectures, and fixed Iron Mountain as the border. Wu Xi took the yellow imperial canopy and left banner, declared himself king at Xingzhou, turned his headquarters into a palace, and proclaimed that month the first year of his reign. He sent word to his aunt, Lady Zhao, who in fury renounced him. His uncle's wife, Lady Liu, wept and cursed without cease day and night until Wu Xi had her removed by force. His clansman Wu Pu, overall commander at Xingyuan, read the usurper's proclamation and could barely contain his anger.
90
曦既僭位，議行削髮左衽之令。 遣董鎮至成都治宮殿，將徙居之。 曦所統軍七萬並程松軍三萬，分隸十統帥。 遣祿祁、房大勳戍萬州，泛舟下嘉陵江，聲言約金人夾攻襄陽。 祁尋至夔，遣兵扼巫山得勝、羅護等砦，以遏王師。 侂胄聞曦反，不知所爲，或勸不如因而封之，侂胄納其說。 吳晛爲曦謀，宜收用蜀名士以系民心。 於是陳鹹自髡其發，史次秦塗其目，楊震仲飲藥卒，王翊、家拱辰皆不受偽命，楊修年、詹久中、家大酉、李道傳、鄧性善、楊泰之悉棄官去。 薛九齡謀舉義兵。
After seizing the throne, Wu Xi debated imposing Jurchen customs—shaved heads and left-lapelled dress. He sent Dong Zhen to Chengdu to refurbish the palace, planning to move his court there. His own seventy thousand troops plus Cheng Song's thirty thousand were reorganized under ten commanders. He posted Lu Qi and Fang Daxun at Wanzhou and sent them down the Jialing by boat, loudly proclaiming a planned joint strike on Xiangyang with the Jin. Lu Qi soon reached Kuizhou and sent men to seize the Wushan strongpoints at Desheng, Luohu, and elsewhere, blocking the Song advance. When Tuozhou learned of the rebellion he was at a loss until someone suggested simply recognizing Wu Xi as a vassal king—advice he accepted. Wu Xian urged Wu Xi to recruit eminent Sichuan scholars in order to hold the people's loyalty. Chen Xian shaved his head in protest; Shi Ciqin gouged out his eyes; Yang Zhenzhong took poison and died; Wang Yi and Jia Gongchen refused the false appointments; and Yang Xiunian, Zhan Jiuzhong, Jia Dayou, Li Daochuan, Deng Xingshan, and Yang Taizhi all resigned and fled. Xue Jiuling began planning a loyalist uprising.
91
興州合江倉官楊巨源倡義討逆，未有以發，遂與隨軍轉運安丙共謀誅曦。 會李好義與兄好古、李貴等皆有謀，交相結納。 二月甲戌夜，漏盡，巨源、好義首率勇敢七十人斧門以入。 李貴即曦室斬其首，裂其屍。 丙分遣將士收其二子及叔父柄、弟晫、从弟晛、賊党姚淮源、李珪、郭仲、米修之、郭澄等皆誅之。 時吳端猶臥後閣，亦伏誅。 徐景望、趙富、吳曉、董鎮、郭榮、祿禧等皆在外，遣人就誅之。 函曦首獻於朝。
Yang Juyuan, a warehouse clerk at Hejiang in Xingzhou, called for armed resistance but lacked the means until he joined the camp transport commissioner An Bing in a plot to assassinate Wu Xi. Li Haoyi, his brother Li Haogu, Li Gui, and others were already conspiring, and the groups joined forces. On the night of jiaxu in the second month, after the watch had ended, Yang Juyuan and Li Haoyi led seventy determined men and hacked their way through the gate. Li Gui burst into Wu Xi's chamber, struck off his head, and mutilated the body. An Bing sent troops to seize Wu Xi's two sons, his uncle Wu Bing, his brother Wu Zhuo, his cousin Wu Xian, and the conspirators Yao Huaiyuan, Li Gui, Guo Zhong, Mi Xiuzhi, and Guo Cheng—all were put to death. Wu Duan was still resting in the rear hall and was killed as well. Xu Jingwang, Zhao Fu, Wu Xiao, Dong Zhen, Guo Rong, Lu Xi, and others were away at the time; assassins were sent after each of them. Wu Xi's head was boxed and sent to the capital.
92
詔曦妻子處死，親昆弟除名勒停，吳璘子孫並徙出蜀，吳玠子孫免連坐，通主璘祀。 曦敗時年四十六。
An edict condemned Wu Xi's wife and children to death, struck his brothers from the rolls and barred them from office, exiled all descendants of Wu Lin from Sichuan, exempted the line of Wu Jie from collective punishment, and ordered that Wu Lin's ancestral rites be maintained. Wu Xi was forty-six when his rebellion collapsed.