1
叛臣中○李全上
Rebellious Officials (continued): Li Quan, Part One
2
李全者，濰州北海農家子，同產兄弟三人。 全銳頭蜂目，權譎善下人，以弓馬趫捷，能運鐵槍，時號“李鐵槍”。
Li Quan was a peasant's son from Beihai in Weizhou; he had three full brothers. He had a narrow, pointed head and prominent eyes, was shrewd and skilled at winning followers, excelled at archery and horsemanship, and could wield a heavy iron spear; people called him "Li the Iron Spear."
3
初，大元兵破中都，金主竄汴，賦斂益橫，遺民保岩阻思亂。 於是劉二祖起泰安，掠淄、沂。 二祖死，霍儀繼之。 彭義斌、石珪、夏全、時青、裴淵、葛平、楊德廣、王顯忠等附之。 楊安兒起，掠莒、密，展徽、王敏為謀主，母舅劉全為帥，汲君立、王琳、閻通、董友、張正忠、孫武正等附之，餘寇蜂起。 大元兵至山東，全母及其兄死焉。 全與仲兄福聚眾數千，劉慶福、國安用、鄭衍德、田四、于洋、洋弟潭等咸附之。
Earlier, when the Mongol armies took Zhongdu, the Jin emperor fled to Kaifeng, taxes and exactions grew ever harsher, and displaced people sheltering in mountain fastnesses began to turn against the regime. Then Liu Erzu rose in Tai'an and raided Zibo and Yizhou. After Erzu died, Huo Yi took his place. Peng Yibin, Shi Gui, Xia Quan, Shi Qing, Pei Yuan, Ge Ping, Yang Deguang, Wang Xianzhong, and others rallied to his banner. Yang An'er also rose, raiding Ju and Mi; Zhan Hui and Wang Min served as his strategists, his maternal uncle Liu Quan as commander, and Ji Junli, Wang Lin, Yan Tong, Dong You, Zhang Zhengzhong, Sun Wuzheng, and others attached themselves to him, while bandits erupted everywhere. When Mongol forces reached Shandong, Quan's mother and his elder brother were killed. Quan and his second brother Fu mustered several thousand followers; Liu Qingfu, Guo Anyong, Zheng Yande, Tian Si, Yu Yang, Yu Yang's younger brother Tan, and others all rallied to them.
4
大元兵退，金乃遣完顏霆為山東行省，黃摑為經曆官，將花帽軍三千討之，敗安兒於闌頭滴水，斷其南路。 安兒輕舸走即墨，金人募其頭千金，舟人斬以獻。 安兒無子，從子友偽稱“九大王”，不閑軍務。 安兒妹四娘子狡悍善騎射，劉全收潰卒奉而統之，稱曰“姑姑”，眾尚萬餘，掠食至磨旗山，全以其眾附，楊氏通焉，遂嫁之。 全合軍與霆戰，又敗。 霆驍將張惠望見全，躍馬赴之，槍及全，若有縶其馬足而止者。 全得收餘眾保東海，劉全分軍駐固上。 霍儀攻沂州不下，霆自清河出徐州，斬儀，潰其眾。 彭義斌歸李全。 黃摑者，即阿魯達。 霆即李二措，賜姓完顏。 惠號“賽張飛”，燕俠士也。 此數人者，出沒島固，寶貨山委而不得食，相率食人。
After the Mongols withdrew, the Jin court sent Wanyan Ting as Shandong commissioner and Huang Gui as his administrative officer with three thousand Flower-Cap troops to suppress the rebels; they defeated An'er at Lantou Dishui and severed his southern line of retreat. An'er fled in a light boat toward Jimo; the Jin posted a thousand-piece reward for his head, and a boatman killed him and turned it in. An'er had no son; his nephew You falsely styled himself the Ninth Great King and left military affairs unattended. An'er's younger sister, known as the Fourth Lady, was fierce and skilled with bow and horse; Liu Quan rallied scattered troops around her and had them call her "Auntie." Her force still numbered more than ten thousand, and they foraged as far as Mojishan. Quan brought his men under her banner, grew close to Lady Yang, and eventually married her. Quan united his forces and fought Ting again, only to be defeated once more. Ting's fierce general Zhang Hui spotted Quan, spurred his horse toward him, and drove his spear at him; yet it was as though something had seized the horse's legs and held him back. Quan rallied his survivors and held Donghai, while Liu Quan detached a force and encamped at Gushang. Huo Yi besieged Yizhou without success; Ting marched from Qinghe toward Xuzhou, executed Yi, and scattered his army. Peng Yibin then submitted to Li Quan. Huang Gui was in fact Aruda. Ting was Li Ercuo, to whom the Jin had granted the surname Wanyan. Hui was nicknamed "Rival to Zhang Fei" and was a warrior from Yan. These men lurked among the coastal islands and marshes; though treasure lay heaped like hills, they had nothing to eat and turned to cannibalism together.
5
有沈鐸者，鎮江武鋒卒也，亡命盜販山陽，誘致米商，斗米輒售數十倍，知楚州應純之償以玉貨，北人至者輒舍之。 又說純之以歸銅錢為名，弛度淮之禁，來者莫可遏。 安兒之未敗也，有意歸宋，招禮宋人。 定遠民季先者，嘗為大俠劉佑家廝養，隨佑部綱客山陽，安兒見而說之，處以軍職。 安兒死，先至山陽，寅緣鐸得見純之，道豪傑願附之意。 時江、淮制置李玨、淮東安撫崔與之皆令純之沿江增戍，恐不能禦，乃命先為機察，諭意群豪； 敘復鐸為武鋒軍副將，辟楚州都監，與高忠皎各集忠義民兵，分二道攻金。 先遂以李全五千人附忠皎，合兵攻克海州，糧援不繼，退屯東海。 全分兵襲破莒州，禽金守蒲察李家，別將于洋克密州，兄福克青州，始授全武翼大夫、京東副總管。 純之見北軍屢捷，密聞於朝，謂中原可復。 時頻歲小稔，朝野無事，丞相史彌遠鑒開禧之事，不明招納，密敕玨及純之慰接之，號“忠義軍”，就聽節制。 於是有旨依武定軍生券例，放錢糧萬五千人，名“忠義糧”。 於是東海馬良、高林、宋德珍等萬人輻湊漣水，鐸納之，全與劉全俱起羨心焉。
There was a man named Shen Duo, a soldier of Zhenjiang's Wufeng Army, who fled into outlawry and smuggled at Shanyang. He lured rice merchants in and sold a dou of rice for many times the usual price. Learning that Ying Chunzhi of Chuzhou paid in jade goods, he gave shelter to any northerner who arrived. He also persuaded Chunzhi, on the pretext of recovering copper cash, to relax restrictions on crossing the Huai, so that arrivals could no longer be checked. Before his defeat, An'er had intended to submit to the Song and treated Song subjects with courtesy. Ji Xian of Dingyuan had once served as a household retainer to the great knight Liu You and accompanied You's transport escort to Shanyang. An'er took a liking to him and gave him a military post. After An'er died, Xian went to Shanyang and, through Duo's connections, gained an audience with Chunzhi to convey the northern heroes' wish to submit. At the time the Jiang-Huai commissioner Li Jue and the Huaidong pacification commissioner Cui Yuzhi both ordered Chunzhi to strengthen riverine defenses, fearing they could not hold the line. They therefore appointed Xian as intelligence officer to convey their intent to the various heroes; restored Duo to deputy commander of the Wufeng Army, appointed him Chuzhou garrison commander, and had him and Gao Zhongjiao each raise loyalist militia to attack Jin along two routes. Xian then attached Li Quan's five thousand men to Zhongjiao; together they took Haizhou, but supplies failed to follow and they withdrew to Donghai. Quan detached troops and stormed Juzhou, capturing the Jin defender Pucha Li Jia; his lieutenant Yu Yang took Mizhou and his elder brother Fu took Qingzhou. Quan was then appointed Grandee for Exalted Martial Affairs and deputy overall commander of Jingdong. Seeing the northern armies win repeatedly, Chunzhi secretly reported to court that the Central Plains could be recovered. Several years of modest harvests had left court and countryside at ease. Chancellor Shi Miyuan, mindful of the Kaixi debacle, did not openly recruit them but secretly ordered Jue and Chunzhi to receive and reassure them. They were styled the Loyalist Army and placed under local command. An edict then followed the Wuding Army ration-certificate precedent and issued money and grain for fifteen thousand men under the name "Loyalist rations." Then Ma Liang, Gao Lin, Song Dezhen, and others from Donghai—ten thousand men in all—converged on Lianshui, and Duo took them in, stirring envy in both Quan and Liu Quan.
6
嘉定十一年五月己丑，全軍至漣水，邀先白事楚城，取器甲金穀，議再攻海州，純之厚勞全金玉器用及其下有差。 六月，全圍海城，金經略阿不罕、納不刺等固守不下。 七月，合鄆、單、邳、徐兵來援，全與戰於高橋，不勝，退守石秋，分兵襲密州，禽黃摑，械至楚城。 是冬，徙屯淮陰之龜山。
On the jichou day of the fifth month in the eleventh year of Jiading, Quan's army reached Lianshui. He invited Xian to report at Chucheng, took weapons, armor, gold, and grain, and discussed another assault on Haizhou. Chunzhi richly rewarded Quan with gold, jade, and utensils and gave graded gifts to his subordinates. In the sixth month Quan besieged Haicheng, but the Jin commissioners Abuhan, Nabuci, and others held firm and would not yield. In the seventh month relief forces from Yan, Shan, Pi, and Xu arrived; Quan fought them at Gaoqiao, was beaten, withdrew to Shiqiu, detached troops to raid Mizhou, captured Huang Gui, and sent him in chains to Chucheng. That winter he shifted his camp to Guishan in Huaiyin.
7
十二年，山東來歸者不止，權楚州梁丙無以贍。 先懇丙請預借兩月，然後帥所部五千並良等萬人往密州就食，不許； 請速遣全代領其眾，又不許。 丙以石珪權軍務，珪乃奪運糧之舟，二月庚辰，率軍二萬度淮大掠。 丙調王顯臣、高友、趙邦永以兵逆之，至南度門，顯臣敗，友、邦永遇珪，下馬與作山東語，皆不復戰。 丙窘，乃遣全出諭之。 時金人圍淮西急，馬司都統李慶宗戍濠，出戰，喪騎三千，珪及張春皆有亡失。 帥司調全與先、珪軍援盱眙。 全亦欲自試，親往東海點軍赴之。 癸亥，遇金人於嘉山，戰小捷。 三月，先軍進駐天長，全進駐盱眙，鼎立以待金人。 乙酉，全至渦口，值金將乞石烈牙吾答名“盧鼓槌”者將濟，全與其將鹿仙掩之，金兵溺淮者數千，俘獲甚眾。 壬辰，與阿海戰於化陂湖，大捷，殺金數將，得其金牌，追至曹家莊而還。 三圍俱解，全喪失亦眾。 阿海者，金所謂四駙馬也。 全進達州刺史，妻楊氏封令人。
In the twelfth year submitters from Shandong kept arriving, and Acting Chuzhou prefect Liang Bing could not feed them all. Xian pleaded with Bing to advance two months' rations so he could lead his five thousand men, together with Liang's ten thousand, to Mizhou for provisions; Bing refused; he then asked that Quan be sent at once to take command of his force, and that too was refused. Bing placed Shi Gui in charge of military affairs. Gui seized grain-transport boats and, on the gengchen day of the second month, led twenty thousand troops across the Huai on a great raid. Bing sent Wang Xianchen, Gao You, and Zhao Bangyong to oppose him. At Nandu Gate Xianchen was defeated; You and Bangyong met Gui, dismounted, and spoke with him in Shandong dialect, and none of them fought again. Bing, hard pressed, sent Quan out to reason with him. The Jin were then pressing hard on western Huai. Horse Bureau commander Li Qingzong, garrisoning Hao, went out to fight and lost three thousand horsemen; Gui and Zhang Chun also suffered losses. The commandery staff ordered Quan, together with the armies of Xian and Gui, to relieve Xuyi. Quan also wished to prove himself and went in person to Donghai to muster troops for the relief. On the guihai day he met Jin troops at Jiashan and won a minor victory. In the third month Xian advanced to Tianchang and Quan to Xuyi, forming a tripod of positions to await the Jin. On the yiyou day Quan reached Wokou and found the Jin general Qishilie Yayuda, nicknamed "Lu the Drum-Mallet," about to cross the river. Quan and his general Lu Xian ambushed him; several thousand Jin soldiers drowned in the Huai, and the captives were many. On the renchen day he fought Ahai at Huabihu in a great victory, killed several Jin generals, seized his gold plaque, and pursued as far as Caojiazhuang before returning. All three sieges were lifted, though Quan's own losses were heavy as well. Ahai was one of the Jin's Four Imperial Sons-in-Law. Quan was promoted to prefect of Dazhou, and his wife Lady Yang was enfeoffed as Lady Lingren.
8
六月，金元帥張林以青、莒、密、登、萊、濰、淄、濱、棣、寧海、濟南十二州來歸。 始，林心存宋，及摑敗，意決而未能達。 會全還濰州上塚，揣知林意，乃薄兵青州城下，陳說國家威德，勸林早附。 林恐全誘己，猶豫未納。 全約挺身入城，惟數人從，林乃開門納之，相見甚歡，謂得所托，置酒結為兄弟。 全既得林要領，附表奉十二州版籍以歸。 表辭有云：“舉諸七十城之全齊，歸我三百年之舊主。 ”表，馮垍所作也。 秋，授林武翼大夫、京東安撫兼總管，其餘授官有差。 進全廣州觀察使、京東總管，劉慶福、彭義斌皆為統制，增放二萬人錢糧，徙屯楚州。 先是，制置使賈涉以朝命督戰，許殺金太子者，賞節度使； 殺親王，承宣使； 殺駙馬，觀察使。 全致所得金牌於涉，云殺四駙馬所獲者。 涉上於朝，乞如約賞之，故全有是受，而四駙馬實不死也。
In the sixth month the Jin commander Zhang Lin submitted twelve prefectures—Qing, Ju, Mi, Deng, Lai, Wei, Zi, Bin, Di, Ninghai, and Jinan. Lin had long favored returning to the Song; when Gui was captured his resolve hardened, but he could not yet act on it. When Quan returned to Weizhou to tend his family's graves, he sensed Lin's intent, drew up his troops beneath Qingzhou's walls, expounded the Song's majesty and virtue, and urged Lin to submit at once. Lin feared Quan was trying to trap him and hesitated to admit him. Quan offered to enter the city alone with only a few followers. Lin opened the gates and received him; they met with great warmth, Lin saying he had found someone to rely on, and they shared wine and became sworn brothers. Once Quan had won Lin over completely, he submitted a memorial with the registers of the twelve prefectures. The memorial declared: "Raising all seventy cities of complete Qi, we return to our lord of three hundred years." The memorial was composed by Feng Yong. That autumn Lin was appointed Grandee for Exalted Martial Affairs and Jingdong pacification commissioner and overall commander; the others received offices according to rank. Quan was promoted to surveillance commissioner of Guangzhou and overall commander of Jingdong; Liu Qingfu and Peng Yibin were made controllers; rations were increased for twenty thousand more men; and the army was shifted to Chuzhou. Earlier, commissioner Jia She, by court order supervising the campaign, had promised that whoever killed a Jin crown prince would receive the rank of military governor; whoever killed a prince of the blood, the rank of palace commissioner; and whoever killed an imperial son-in-law, the rank of surveillance commissioner. Quan presented the gold plaque he had taken to She, claiming he had killed one of the Four Imperial Sons-in-Law. She memorialized court to grant the promised reward, and Quan received the appointment—yet the Four Imperial Sons-in-Law were in fact still alive.
9
十一月，大雨雪，淮冰合。 全請於制府曰：“每恨泗州阻水，今如平地矣，請取東西城自效。 ”制府遣就盱眙劉卓議，卓集諸將燕全，時青、夏全咸願以長槍三千人從。 夜半度淮，潛向泗之東城，將踏濠冰傅城下，掩金人不備。 俄城上荻炬數百齊舉，遙謂曰：“賊李三！ 汝欲偷城耶？ ”天黑，故以火燭之。 全知有備，引去。
In the eleventh month heavy rain and snow fell, and the Huai froze solid. Quan asked the commandery staff: "I have always resented that Sizhou was cut off by water; now it is like open ground. Let me take its eastern and western cities to prove my worth." The commandery staff sent him to consult Liu Zhuo at Xuyi. Zhuo gathered the generals to feast Quan; Shi Qing and Xia Quan both offered three thousand long-spear troops to follow. At midnight they crossed the Huai and stole toward Si's eastern city, intending to cross the frozen moat to the wall and catch the Jin unprepared. Soon hundreds of reed torches blazed along the wall, and voices called from afar: "Bandit Li the Third! Do you mean to steal the city? " It was dark, so they lit torches to show him. Quan saw they were ready and withdrew.
10
十三年，趙拱以朝命諭京東，過青厓固，嚴實求內附。 拱與定約，奉實款至山陽，舉魏、博、恩、德、懷、衛、開、相九州來歸。 涉再遣拱往諭，配兵二千，全亦請往，涉不能止，乃帥楚州及盱眙忠義萬餘人以行。 拱說全曰：“將軍提兵度河，不用而歸，非示武也，今乘勢取東平，可乎？ ”於是全合林軍得數萬，襲東平之城南。 金參政蒙古剛帥眾守東平，全以三千人金銀甲、赤幟，繞濠躍馬索戰。 時大暑，全見城阻水，矢石不能及，乃與林夾汶水而砦，中通浮梁來往。 一夕，汶水溢，漂大木，斷浮梁，全首尾幾絕，蓋金人堰汶水而決之也。 詰旦，金騎兵三百奄至，全欣然上馬，帥帳前所有騎赴之，殺數人，奪其馬，逐北抵山谷。 上有龍虎上將軍者，貫銀甲，揮長槊，盛兵以出，旁有繡旗女將馳槍突鬥。 會諸將至，拔全以出，乃退保長清縣，精銳喪失太半，統制陳孝忠死焉。 林兵還青州。 全所攜鎮江軍五百人多怨憤，全乃分隸拱，使先歸，而以餘眾道滄州，假鹽利以慰贍之。 龍虎上將軍者，東平副帥幹不搭； 女將者，劉節使女也。
In the thirteenth year Zhao Gong went to Jingdong on court orders; passing Qingyagu, Yan Shi sought to submit to the Song. Gong made a pact with him, escorted Shi's submission to Shanyang, and presented nine prefectures—Wei, Bo, En, De, Huai, Wei, Kai, and Xiang—in submission. She sent Gong again with two thousand troops. Quan also asked to go, and She could not refuse; he led more than ten thousand loyalist troops from Chuzhou and Xuyi on the expedition. Gong urged Quan: "General, you led troops across the river and came back unused—that hardly shows your prowess. Why not seize Dongping while the moment is ripe?" Quan then combined with Lin's army to muster tens of thousands and struck the southern wall of Dongping. The Jin Grand Councilor Menggu Gang held Dongping. Quan led three thousand men in gilded armor with red banners, circled the moat on horseback, and challenged battle. In the height of summer Quan saw the city protected by water so that arrows and stones could not reach it. He and Lin encamped on either side of the Wen River, linked by a floating bridge. One night the Wen overflowed, carrying off great timbers and breaking the bridge; Quan was nearly cut off at both ends—the Jin had dammed the Wen and breached it. At dawn three hundred Jin horsemen suddenly appeared. Quan mounted gladly, led every horseman before his tent against them, killed several, seized their mounts, and pursued north into the hills. Above stood the Dragon-Tiger General in silver armor, wielding a long spear, leading a great force out; beside him a female general with embroidered banners charged with spear in fierce combat. When the other generals arrived they pulled Quan free and withdrew to Changqing County. More than half his elite troops were lost, and the controller Chen Xiaozhong was killed. Lin's troops returned to Qingzhou. Many of the five hundred Zhenjiang troops Quan had brought were resentful. He assigned them to Gong, sent Xian back first, and led the rest by way of Cangzhou, using salt profits to support them. The Dragon-Tiger General was Ganbuda, deputy commander of Dongping; the female general was Commissioner Liu's daughter.
11
全至楚州，屬召先赴行在。 全自渦口之捷，有輕諸將心，獨先嘗策戰勳，威望不下己，患之。 乃陰結制帥所任吏莫凱，使譖先，先卒，全喜而心益貳。 涉乘先死，欲收其軍，輟統制陳選往漣水以總之。 先黨裴淵、宋德珍、孫武正及王義深、張山、張友拒而不受，潛迎石珪於盱眙，奉為統帥。 珪道楚城，涉不知覺，及選還，涉恥之，乃謀分珪軍為六，請於朝，出修武、京東路鈐轄印告各六授淵等，使之分統，謂可散其縱。 淵等陽受命，涉即聞於朝，謂六人已順從，珪無能為矣。 其後有教令皆不納，然後知淵等猶主珪，涉恐甚。 全結府吏伺知之，乃見涉，請討珪，涉未有處。 議者請以全軍布南度門，移淮陰戰艦陳於淮岸，以示珪有備，然後命一將招珪軍，來者增錢糧，不至罷支，眾心一散，珪黨自離。 涉用其策，珪技果窮。 珪素通好於大元，至是殺淵而挾武正、德珍與其謀主孟導歸大元。 漣水軍未有所屬，全求並將之。 客有請以附淮將者，曰：“使南將主北軍，則淮、楚為一。 ”涉然之，且曰：“先在時有三千虛籍，今當遣明亮核實，因可省費。 ”全聞之即獻計曰：“全若朝將此軍，夕與核除虛籍。 ”因卑辭獻珍具以自結，涉不能卻，遂以付全。 翼日，復命曰：“初謂有虛額，昨夕細點，萬五千人之外尚溢十數名。 ”涉始悟全見紿，他日議更遣幕屬點之。 吏亟報全，全忽狀白涉：“昨夕三鼓，漣水告警，云金人萬餘在邳州。 全思漣水去邳咫尺，既無險阻，城壁復弊，一被攻劫，則直臨淮面，罪在全矣。 深夜不敢驚制使，已調七千人迎敵矣。 ”涉知全詐，因寢點軍之議。 全又白制府請於朝，以劉全為總管駐揚州，分數千兵從之，而將其眾。 十一月丁未，全遊金山，作佛事，以薦國殤。 知鎮江府喬行簡方舟逆之，大合樂以饗之。 總領程覃迭為主禮，務訁誇北人以繁盛。 全請所狎娼，覃不與，全歸，語其徒曰：“江南佳麗無比，須與若等一到。 ”始造舭達舟，謀爭舟楫之利焉。
When Quan reached Chuzhou, orders arrived summoning Xian to the imperial camp. Since his victory at Wokou Quan had grown contemptuous of the other generals. Only Xian had planned campaigns and won merit, and his prestige rivaled Quan's—Quan resented him. He secretly enlisted Mo Kai, an official appointed by the commissioner, to slander Xian. When Xian died, Quan rejoiced and his loyalty grew ever more doubtful. Taking advantage of Xian's death, She sought to take over his army and sent the controller Chen Xuan to Lianshui to assume overall command. Xian's partisans Pei Yuan, Song Dezhen, Sun Wuzheng, Wang Yishen, Zhang Shan, and Zhang You refused to accept Chen and secretly welcomed Shi Gui at Xuyi as their commander. Gui passed through Chucheng without She's knowledge. When Xuan returned, She was shamed and plotted to divide Gui's army into six parts, petitioning court for six seals of the Xiuzhou and Jingdong circuit military commissioner to give Yuan and the others separate commands, hoping thus to break their power. Yuan and the others outwardly accepted the orders. She immediately reported to court that the six had submitted and Gui was finished. Afterward they refused every order from headquarters, and only then did She realize Yuan and the others still followed Gui. She was deeply alarmed. Quan had enlisted a staff official to spy on the situation, then came to She and asked to campaign against Gui. She had no answer. Advisers proposed posting Quan's army at Nandu Gate and lining Huaiyin warships along the Huai to show Gui they were ready, then sending a general to recruit his troops—more pay for those who came, none for those who did not—so morale would collapse and Gui's followers would drift away. She adopted the plan, and Gui's options ran out. Gui had long been friendly with the Mongols. Now he killed Yuan and took Wuzheng, Dezhen, and his strategist Meng Dao with him to submit to them. The Lianshui army lacked a commander, and Quan asked to take it over as well. A guest suggested placing it under a Huai general, saying: "If a southern officer commands the northern troops, Huai and Chu become one." She agreed and added: "When Xian was alive there were three thousand phantom rolls on the books. Send Ming Liang to verify them and we can save money." When Quan heard this he immediately offered: "If I take command in the morning, I will purge the phantom rolls by evening." He also sent rare gifts with humble words to win her over. She could not refuse and handed the army to Quan. The next day he reported: "We expected phantom quotas, but last night's count found more than ten men beyond the fifteen thousand already on the rolls." She then realized Quan had deceived her and planned to send a staff officer to recount the rolls. The official quickly warned Quan, who suddenly memorialized She: "Last night at the third watch Lianshui reported more than ten thousand Jin at Pizhou." Lianshui lies only a short march from Pi, with no natural defenses and crumbling walls. If it falls, the enemy will be on the Huai at once—and the blame will be mine. I dared not wake the commissioner at this hour and have already mobilized seven thousand men to meet them. She saw through the ruse and dropped the plan to recount the troops. Quan also petitioned court through the commandery to make Liu Quan overall commander at Yangzhou with several thousand detached troops, while he retained command of the main force. On the dingwei day of the eleventh month Quan visited Jinshan and held Buddhist rites for the nation's war dead. Zhenjiang prefect Qiao Xingjian met him in a fleet of boats and staged a lavish musical feast. Fiscal intendant Cheng Tan took turns as host, straining to impress the northerners with southern prosperity. Quan asked for a courtesan he favored; Tan refused. On returning, Quan told his men: "Jiangnan's beauties are beyond compare—you must come with me there." He then began building boda boats, plotting to seize control of river shipping profits.
12
十四年正月，金人將南來，全請於涉，欲與劉卓共圖泗州，以伐其謀，涉許之。 全兵至盱眙度淮，攻克泗州之西城，入城布守。 卓徙盱眙芻粟以實之，防城之具俱撤以往，為必守之計。 未幾，盧鼓槌來取西城，全盛兵出戰，大敗，統制賴興死，全閉城自守。 明日復戰，不勝，全遁歸，資糧器械悉以委敵。 金人既陷蘄州，扈再興、趙範及其弟葵邀擊於天長。 全隨行襲金人後，謁而賀曰：“二監軍已立大功，乞以餘寇付全追之。 ”然全追之不甚力，亦以是進承宣使。
In the first month of the fourteenth year, as the Jin prepared to march south, Quan asked She to let him and Liu Zhuo take Sizhou and thwart their plan. She agreed. Quan's troops reached Xuyi, crossed the Huai, took Sizhou's western city, and garrisoned it. Zhuo stripped Xuyi of fodder and grain to stock the city and sent all defensive equipment there, planning to hold it at all costs. Before long Lu the Drum-Mallet came to retake the western city. Quan led his full force out, was routed, and the controller Lai Xing was killed. Quan shut the gates and held on. The next day he fought again and lost. Quan fled, abandoning all supplies, grain, and weapons to the enemy. After the Jin took Qizhou, Hu Zaiying, Zhao Fan, and Fan's younger brother Kui intercepted them at Tianchang. Quan followed and struck the Jin rear, then called on them and said: "You two have already won great merit. Give me the remnant enemy to pursue." Yet he pursued halfheartedly and was nevertheless promoted to palace commissioner.
13
十五年二月，卓再取西城，盧鼓槌背城力戰，戒惠必獲全，不獲則斬。 惠數嘗敗全於山東，而不能獲，每歎曰：“天假此賊，事未可量。 ”及聞盧鼓槌言，自度進未必獲，退復受戮，即陳躍馬奔全壁，棄所執兵請降。 全掖而起之，相與歡甚。 不數日，惠戲下數千人皆潛至，全與惠歸，請於制置司官之，令自總一軍。
In the second month of the fifteenth year Zhuo retook the western city. Lu the Drum-Mallet fought with his back to the wall and warned Hui that he must capture Quan or be beheaded. Hui had defeated Quan several times in Shandong but never captured him, and would sigh: "Heaven lends this bandit life—the outcome is still uncertain." When he heard Lu's warning, he judged that advancing might not bring a capture and retreat would mean death. He spurred his horse to Quan's camp, cast aside his weapons, and surrendered. Quan raised him by the arm and they rejoiced together. Within days several thousand of Hui's followers slipped in. Quan returned with Hui, had him commissioned, and gave him command of his own army.
14
膠西當登、寧海之衝，百貨輻湊，全使其兄福守之，為窟宅計。 時互市始通，北人尤重南貨，價增十倍。 全誘商人至山陽，以舟浮其貨而中分之，自淮轉海，達於膠西。 福又具車輦之，而稅其半，然後從聽往諸郡貿易，車、夫皆督辦於林，林不能堪。 林財計仰六鹽場，福恃其弟有大造於林，又欲分其半，林許福恣取鹽，而不分場。 福怒曰：“若背恩耶？ 待與都統提兵取若頭爾！ ”林懼，訴於制置司。 涉密召林戲下問之，福伏兵於途以伺，林覺不追。 於是李馬兒說林歸大元，福狼狽走楚州。 冬，加全招信軍節度。 林猶遺涉書詆全，明己非叛。 涉以咎全，全請為朝廷取之，乃提師駐海州以迫林。 涉間道遣黥胥王翊、閻瓊勞林，林泣涕道其故。 翊歸，全使人殺諸塗。 全攻林急，林走，全遂入青州。
Jiaoxi lay on the route between Deng and Ninghai, where goods of every kind converged. Quan stationed his elder brother Fu there as his base of operations. Border trade had just opened, and northerners prized southern goods so highly that prices rose tenfold. Quan lured merchants to Shanyang, shipped their goods by boat and took half, then sent them from the Huai by sea to Jiaoxi. Fu provided carts and taxed half again before allowing trade in the prefectures. Carts and drivers were all requisitioned from Lin, who could not endure the burden. Lin's finances depended on six salt yards. Fu, relying on his brother's great service to Lin, also demanded half. Lin let Fu take salt freely but would not share the yards themselves. Fu raged: "Do you betray our kindness? Wait until I bring the overall commander's troops to take your head!" Lin was terrified and appealed to the commissionerate. She secretly summoned Lin's followers for questioning. Fu set an ambush on the road; Lin sensed the trap and did not go. Then Li Ma'er persuaded Lin to submit to the Mongols, and Fu fled in disarray to Chuzhou. That winter Quan was made military governor of the Zhaoxin Army. Lin still sent She a letter denouncing Quan and insisting he was no rebel. She blamed Quan, who offered to recover the territory for the court and marched to Haizhou to pressure Lin. She sent the tattooed clerk Wang Yi and Yan Qiong by a secret route to comfort Lin, who wept as he explained what had happened. On their return, Quan had them killed on the road. Quan pressed the attack; Lin fled, and Quan entered Qingzhou.
15
十六年二月，涉勸農出郊，暮歸入門，忠義軍遮道，涉使人語楊氏，楊氏馳出門，佯怒忠義而揮之，道開，涉乃入城。 自是以疾求去甚力。 五月被召。 卒。 秋，全新置忠義軍籍。 初，涉屯鎮江副司八千人於城中，翟朝宗統之； 分帳前忠義萬人，屯五千城西，趙邦永、高友統之； 屯五千淮陰，王暉及於潭統之，所以制北軍也。 全輕鎮江兵，且以利啖其統制陳選及趙興，使不為己患； 唯忌帳前忠義，乃數稱高友等勇，遇出軍必請以自隨，涉不許。 全每燕戲下，並召涉帳前將校，帳前亦願隸焉，然未能合也。 及丘壽邁攝帥事，全忽請曰：“忠義烏合，尺籍鹵莽。 莫若別置新籍，一納諸朝，一申制閫，一留全所，庶功過有考，請給無弊。 ”壽邁善而諾之。 全乃合帳前忠義悉籍之，盡統其軍，時人莫悟。
In the second month of the sixteenth year She went out to encourage farming. At dusk on her return the Loyalist Army blocked the road. She sent word to Lady Yang, who rushed out, feigned anger at the loyalists and waved them aside, clearing the way for She to enter. From then on she urgently sought leave on grounds of illness. In the fifth month she was summoned to court. She died. That autumn Quan established new Loyalist Army rolls. Earlier She had stationed eight thousand men of the Zhenjiang deputy office in the city under Zhai Chaozong; she split ten thousand loyalists from her personal guard, posting five thousand west of the city under Zhao Bangyong and Gao You; and five thousand at Huaiyin under Wang Hui and Yu Tan—all to keep the northern army in check. Quan despised the Zhenjiang troops and bribed their controllers Chen Xuan and Zhao Xing so they would not trouble him; but he feared She's personal loyalists. He repeatedly praised Gao You and others and always asked to take them on campaign—She refused. Whenever Quan feasted his followers he also invited She's guard officers, who wished to join him, but the merger had not yet happened. When Qiu Shoumai took interim command, Quan suddenly proposed: "The loyalists are a mob and the rolls are a mess." Better to create new rolls—one for court, one for headquarters, one for my command—so merit and fault can be tracked and pay issued without fraud. Shoumai approved the plan. Quan then enrolled all of She's personal loyalists and took command of their entire force. No one yet saw what he was doing.
16
十一月，許國自武階換朝議大夫、淮東安撫制置使，命下，聞者驚異。 先是，國奉祠家食，數言全必反，欲傾涉而代之。 會召國奏事，國疏全奸謀甚深，反狀已著，非有豪傑不能消弭，蓋自鬻也。 至是，喬行簡為吏部侍郎，上疏論國望輕，不宜帥淮，不報。 山陽參幕徐晞稷雅意開閫，及聞國用，晞稷闕望，乃譽國奏注釋以寄全，全得報，不樂。 是冬，金將李二措及邳州守致書海州，欲附宋，全戲下周岊得之，即以報全。 全喜，遣王喜兒以兵二千應接，而己繼之。 二措納喜兒而囚之。 全兵欲攻邳，四面阻水，二措積勁弩備之，全不得進，合兵索戰。 全敗，欲還楚州，會濱、棣有亂，乃引兵趨山東。
In the eleventh month Xu Guo was transferred from Wujie to Court Gentleman for Discussion and Huaidong pacification commissioner—an appointment that startled everyone who heard it. Earlier Guo had lived at home on temple stipend and repeatedly warned that Quan would rebel, hoping to replace She. When summoned to court he memorialized that Quan's treachery ran deep, rebellion was already evident, and only a hero could stop him—effectively selling himself for the post. Qiao Xingjian, now vice minister of Personnel, memorialized that Guo's standing was too slight to command Huai, but received no reply. Xu Xiji, a staff officer at Shanyang, had long hoped for a command post himself. When Guo was appointed, Xiji sent Quan a memorial praising Guo with annotations. Quan was not pleased. That winter the Jin general Li Ercuo and the Pizhou defender wrote to Haizhou offering to submit to the Song. Quan's follower Zhou Yi obtained the letter and reported at once. Quan rejoiced and sent Wang Xi'er with two thousand men to meet them, following with the main force. Ercuo received Xi'er and imprisoned him. Quan tried to attack Pi but found it surrounded by water on all sides. Ercuo had massed powerful crossbows; Quan could not advance and challenged battle with his full force. Quan was defeated and meant to return to Chuzhou, but unrest in Bin and Di drew him instead toward Shandong.
17
十七年正月，國之鎮，楊氏郊迓，國辭不見，楊氏慚以歸。 國既視事，痛抑北軍，有與南軍競者，無曲直偏坐之，犒賚十裁七八。 全自山東致書於國，國誇於眾曰：“全仰我養育，我略示威，即奔走不暇矣。 ”全固留青州，國不能致。 四月，全遣小吏致再書，國喜，曲加勞接，即日真補承信郎，冀結其心。 小吏曰：“小吏奉書而遽得命，諸將校謂何？ ”不受，歸語其徒以為笑。 國見全無來朝，數致厚饋，邀全議事。 會劉慶福亦使人覘國意向，國左右知之，語覘者曰：“制置無害汝等意。 ”慶福以報全，全集將校曰：“我不參制閫，則曲在我。 今不計生死必往見。 ”八月，全上謁，賓讚戒全曰：“節使當庭趨，制使必免禮。 ”及庭趨，國端坐納全拜，不為止。 全退，怒曰：“庭參亦常禮，全歸本朝，拜人多矣，但恨汝非文臣，本與我等。 汝向以淮西都統謁賈制帥，亦免汝拜。 汝有何勳業，一旦位我上，便不相假借耶？ 全赤心報朝廷，不反也。 ”國繼設盛會宴全，遺勞加厚，全終不樂。 國之客章夢先主幕議，慶福謁見，夢先責客將，令隔簾貌喏，慶福不能堪。 國以名馬十餘噭遺全，不受。 國固遣，全俟其充斥階庭，伺候移時，而復卻之。 如是者半月，卒不受。
In the first month of the seventeenth year Guo took up his post. Lady Yang went out to welcome him; Guo refused to see her, and she returned in shame. Once in office Guo harshly suppressed the northern army. In any dispute with southern troops he punished the northerners regardless of fault, and paid them only seven or eight tenths of their due rewards. Quan wrote from Shandong. Guo boasted to his staff: "Quan lives on my favor. Show a little authority and he will come running." Quan stayed in Qingzhou, and Guo could not summon him. In the fourth month Quan sent a clerk with another letter. Guo was delighted, treated him with special courtesy, and that same day appointed him Gentleman for Fostering Trust, hoping to win Quan over. The clerk said: "I merely delivered a letter and received an appointment at once—what will the generals say?" He refused and returned to tell his men, who laughed at Guo. Seeing Quan would not come, Guo repeatedly sent rich gifts and invited him to discuss affairs. Liu Qingfu also sent someone to probe Guo's intentions. Guo's attendants told the spy: "The commissioner means you no harm." Qingfu reported this to Quan, who told his officers: "If I do not visit headquarters, the fault will be mine." I will go regardless of the risk. In the eighth month Quan went to pay his respects. The usher warned him: "Perform the court advance—the commissioner is sure to waive the ceremony." Quan performed the advance, but Guo sat upright and accepted his bow without waiving it. Quan withdrew in anger: "Court audience is ordinary courtesy. I have bowed to many since returning to the Song—only I regret you are not a military man like us." When you called on Commissioner Jia as Huaidong commander, he waived your bow too. What merit do you have to sit above me overnight and refuse even this courtesy? I serve the court loyally and am no rebel. Guo then held a grand feast and sent ever richer gifts, but Quan remained displeased. Guo's adviser Zhang Mengxian directed staff affairs. When Qingfu came to call, Mengxian had him bow from behind a screen. Qingfu was humiliated. Guo sent more than ten fine horses as gifts; Quan refused them. Guo insisted. Quan waited until the horses filled the courtyard, watched for a long while, and sent them back. This continued for half a month, and in the end he never accepted.
18
全欲往青州，懼國苛留，自計曰：“彼所爭者拜也，拜而得志，吾何愛焉！ ”更折節為禮。 因會，席間出劄白事，國見其細故，判從之，全即席再拜謝。 自是動息必請，得請必拜，國大喜，語家人曰：“吾折伏此虜矣。 ”義斌求趙邦永來山東，全為白之，國諾。 邦永乘間告國曰：“邦永若去，制使誰與處？ ”國曰：“我自能兵，爾毋過慮。 ”邦永泣而辭之。 全遂往青州。 十一月，國集兩淮馬步軍十三萬，大閱楚城之外，以挫北人之心。 楊氏及軍校留者恐其圖己，內自為備。
Quan wished to go to Qingzhou but feared Guo would detain him. He reckoned: "What he wants is the bow. If bowing secures my purpose, what do I lose?" He redoubled his deference and courtesy. At a banquet, Quan submitted a memorial on a minor matter. Guo approved it, and Quan bowed twice in thanks right there at the table. From then on Quan sought permission for every move; each time it was granted, he bowed. Guo was delighted and told his household, "I have broken this fellow." Yibin asked that Zhao Bangyong be sent to Shandong. Quan interceded for him, and Guo agreed. Bangyong took a moment alone with Guo and said, "If I leave, who will you have to work with?" Guo replied, "I can manage the army on my own. You worry too much." Bangyong wept as he bade farewell. Quan then departed for Qingzhou. In the eleventh month, Guo mustered 130,000 cavalry and infantry from the two Huai circuits and held a grand military review outside Chuzhou to crush northern morale. Lady Yang and the officers left behind feared a plot against them and quietly made their own preparations.
19
寶慶元年，湖州人潘甫與其從弟丙、壬起兵，密告全黨於山陽，全黨欲坐致成敗，然其謀而不助之力。 甫歸，陰勒部曲及聚販鹽盜至千餘，結束如北軍，率眾揚言自山陽來擁立濟王，事見《竑傳》。 時全圖國之意已決，遣慶福還楚城，使為亂。 或教楊氏畜一妄男子，間指謂人曰：“此宗室也。 ”至語郡僚曰：“會令汝為朝士。 ”潛約盱眙四軍相應。 忠義統領王文信有眾八百，涉徙刺揚州強勇軍。 國之聚兵大閱，文信在焉，慶福與謀，令歸襲揚州，別遣將劫寶應，事濟即揮眾度江。 盱眙四將不從，於是慶福等謀中輟，止欲快意於許國焉。 計議官苟夢玉知之，以告國，國曰：“但使反，反即殺，我豈文儒不知兵耶？ ”夢玉懼禍及己，求檄往盱眙，復告慶福曰：“制帥欲圖汝。 ”兩為自結之計。 乙卯，國晨起蒞事，忽露刃充庭，客駭走，國厲聲曰：“不得無禮！ ”矢已及顙，流血蔽面，國走。 亂兵悉害其家，大縱火，焚官寺，兩司積蓄盡入賊。 親兵數十人翼國登城樓，縋城走，伏道堂中宿焉。 時四明人姚翀通判青州，全豫令還山陽，及漣水而復止之。 至是，擁翀入城，與通判宋恭喝犒南北軍，使歸營。 是日，慶福首殺夢先以報貌喏之辱，戒諸軍毋害苟夢玉家，護以五十兵。 初，國倚揚州強勇軍統制彭興及淮西親兵將趙社、朱虎等為腹心，至是首降賊，且助為亂。 惟丁勝、張世雄、沈興、杜靖毗、富道不屈，或與賊巷戰，興手殺賊將馬良。 賊黨得志，更相賀，獨張正忠歎曰：“若曹不識事體，朝廷豈置汝耶？ ”王文信復獻計慶福曰：“我偽作重傷，提本部軍歸揚州，揚守必不疑，我生縛守，以其城獻。 ”慶福喜，夜飲而遣之。 丙辰，許國縊於途。
In the first year of Baoqing, Pan Fu of Huzhou and his cousins Bing and Ren took up arms and secretly notified Quan's allies at Shanyang. The rebels hoped to reap the outcome without lifting a finger, but though they knew of the plot, they sent no help. Pan Fu returned home, secretly rallied his followers and salt smugglers until they numbered more than a thousand, outfitted them like Jin troops, and marched under the banner of coming from Shanyang to enthrone the Prince of Ji. The affair is treated in Hong's biography. By then Quan had settled on moving against Guo and sent Qingfu back to Chuzhou to stir up trouble. Some counseled Lady Yang to keep a stray young man on hand and now and then point him out, saying, "This is a member of the imperial clan." She also told the prefectural staff, "When the time comes, I will make you court officials." She secretly arranged for the four Xuyi garrisons to rise in support. Wang Wenxin, commander of the Loyalty-and-Righteousness force, commanded eight hundred men and had lately been transferred to garrison Yangzhou's Strong-and-Brave Army. Wenxin was present at Guo's grand review. Qingfu conspired with him to turn back and seize Yangzhou while other generals raided Baoying; once that succeeded, they would cross the Yangtze with the whole force. The four Xuyi commanders refused to cooperate, so Qingfu's wider scheme collapsed. They settled for settling scores with Xu Guo alone. Planning officer Gou Mengyu found out and reported it to Guo. Guo said, "Let them rebel. The moment they do, I'll kill them. Do you take me for some bookish official who knows nothing of war?" Fearing he would be implicated, Mengyu asked for orders to go to Xuyi and then warned Qingfu, "The commissioner is plotting against you." Both sides then began scheming to save themselves. On the yimao day, Guo came out in the morning to handle business when armed men suddenly filled the courtyard. Guests fled in panic. Guo shouted, "Show some respect!" An arrow struck his forehead; blood streamed down his face, and Guo ran. The mutineers slaughtered his family, set fires across the city, burned government temples, and looted everything the two bureaus had stockpiled. A few dozen personal guards escorted Guo up the city tower. He was lowered over the wall by rope and spent the night hiding at Daotang. Yao Chong of Siming was then assistant prefect of Qingzhou. Quan had already ordered him back toward Shanyang, then halted him again when he reached Lianshui. Now they ushered Chong into the city. He and Assistant Prefect Song Gong announced rewards for the northern and southern troops and sent them back to their camps. That same day Qingfu killed Mengxian first to pay back the humiliation of the bow from behind the screen. He forbade anyone to touch Gou Mengyu's household and posted fifty men to guard them. Guo had trusted Peng Xing, commander of Yangzhou's Strong-and-Brave Army, and his Huaidong personal commanders Zhao She and Zhu Hu above all others. Now they were the first to defect and helped carry out the mutiny. Only Ding Sheng, Zhang Shixiong, Shen Xing, Du Jingpi, and Fu Dao held out. Some fought the rebels in the alleys, and Shen Xing personally killed the rebel officer Ma Liang. The rebels exulted and congratulated one another. Only Zhang Zhengzhong sighed and said, "You fools don't grasp what you've done. Do you think the court will let you live?" Wang Wenxin proposed another scheme to Qingfu: "I'll pretend to be badly wounded and march my unit back to Yangzhou. The prefect won't suspect a thing. I'll take him alive and hand over the city." Qingfu was delighted, feasted him through the night, and sent him on his way. On the bingchen day, Xu Guo hanged himself along the road.
20
丁巳，文信將至揚州，其徒有亡入城告變者。 時揚之兵皆在楚，知州兼提點刑獄汪統會同官議，鈐轄趙拱曰：“若不納，則文信必曰：‘我歸營，何故見拒？ ’將借是以魚肉城外之民。 拱素善文信，請說止其兵，而以單騎入，俟入城而殺之，然後撫其兵，領往盱眙，分隸張、范戲下。 ”統喜，遣之。 遇文信於十里頭，置酒相勞苦，文信偽為裹創狀。 拱曰：“忠義反楚州，揚州人見忠義暮歸，豈不相疑？ 不若暫駐兵城外，然後同見提刑，提刑急欲知楚州事也。 ”文信不疑，聯騎入城，坐客次。 拱先入，勸統收戮之，統躊躇不敢發。 劉全知其謀，帥甲士突入郡堂，厲聲曰：“王統領好人，提刑不必疑，請出受參。 ”統不得已，出而犒之。 劉全以兵翼之出，館其家。 詰旦，統未有處。 拱又請引文信出城，與議回屯楚州。 文信知事泄，拱就出，劉全亦請從。 至平山堂，文信責拱賣己，欲殺之，拱曰：“爾謀如此，三城人命何辜！ 我已存三城人，身死無憾。 然我死，汝八百家老幼在城，豈得生耶？ ”文信及其眾動色，文信、劉全遂還楚州。
On the dingsi day, as Wenxin neared Yangzhou, some of his men slipped into the city and reported what had happened. Yangzhou's troops were all at Chuzhou. Prefect and Judicial Intendant Wang Tong met with his staff. Commandant Zhao Gong said, "If we refuse him entry, Wenxin will claim he was only returning to camp and ask why we turned him away." He'll use that excuse to prey on the people outside the walls. Gong, who had long been on good terms with Wenxin, volunteered to talk him into halting his men and entering the city alone. Once inside, they would kill him, calm his troops, and march them to Xuyi to be placed under Zhang and Fan. Tong agreed and sent him off. He met Wenxin at Shilitou, set out wine, and Wenxin played the part of a man wrapped in bandages. Gong said, "The Loyalty-and-Righteousness force rebelled at Chuzhou. When Yangzhou folk see them riding in at dusk, won't they panic?" Better to leave your men outside for now and come in with me to see the judicial intendant. He is desperate for news from Chuzhou. Wenxin saw no trap. The two rode in together and waited in the reception hall. Gong went in first and pressed Tong to seize and kill Wenxin, but Tong wavered and could not bring himself to act. Liu Quan, who knew the plan, burst into the prefectural hall at the head of armored men and shouted, "Commander Wang means well! Prefect, there is nothing to fear—please come out and receive our salute." Tong had no choice but to come out and treat them to refreshments. Liu Quan surrounded him with soldiers, escorted him out, and kept him at his own house. By dawn the next day, Tong still had not settled on a course of action. Gong again asked to take Wenxin outside the walls to discuss sending the troops back to Chuzhou. Wenxin realized the plot had leaked. Gong went out, and Liu Quan asked to go along. At Pingshan Hall, Wenxin accused Gong of selling him out and tried to kill him. Gong cried, "With a scheme like yours, what did the people of three cities do to deserve this?" I have already saved the people of three cities. If I die for it, I have no regrets. But if you kill me, what becomes of the eight hundred families—young and old—still inside the city? Wenxin and his men fell silent. Wenxin and Liu Quan then withdrew to Chuzhou.
21
時盱眙總管夏全聞山陽得志，亦懷異圖，劉卓厚賂之，乃止。 及文信亂，卓懼夏全復動，乃使卞整將兵三千視之，使不敢動。 整以邀文信為辭，引兵還揚州，因偽言盱眙失守，卞整為亂，於是揚州復震，城門晝閉。
When Xuyi commander Xia Quan heard that the rebels had succeeded at Shanyang, he too began nursing rebellious designs. Liu Zhuo bribed him heavily, and he held back. After Wenxin's revolt, Zhuo feared Xia Quan might move again and sent Bian Zheng with three thousand men to keep an eye on him and prevent any action. Bian Zheng used the excuse of meeting Wenxin to march back to Yangzhou and spread the false report that Xuyi had fallen and that he himself had rebelled. Yangzhou was thrown into panic again, and the gates were shut even in daylight.
22
彌遠懼激他變，欲姑事涵忍而後圖之。 謀帥莫可，以徐晞稷嘗倅楚州、守海州，得全歡心，晞稷亦勇往，乃授淮東制置使，令出屈撫全。 時慶福以事濟報全，全又牒義斌等曰：“許國謀反，已伏誅矣，爾軍並聽我節制。 ”義斌得牒大罵曰：“逆賊背國厚恩，擅殺制使。 此事皆因我起，我必報此仇。 ”呼趙邦永曰：“趙二，汝南人，正須爾明此事。 ”乃斬齎牒人，南向告天誓眾，見者憤激。 全自青州至楚城，佯責慶福不能彈壓，致忠義之哄，斬數人，請待罪，朝廷未之詰。 趙範時知揚州兼提點刑獄，得制置印於潰卒中，以授晞稷。 全遣騎逆晞稷。 己卯，晞稷入楚城。 劉全躍馬登郡廳，晞稷迎之，全及門下馬，拜庭下，晞稷降等止之，賊眾乃悅。
Shi Miyuan feared setting off further upheaval and decided to swallow the insult for the moment and plan his response later. No obvious choice emerged for overall command. Xu Xiji had once served as vice prefect at Chuzhou and prefect at Haizhou, had won Quan's goodwill, and was bold enough to take the post. He was therefore made Huaidong commissioner and sent out to placate Quan. Qingfu reported their success to Quan, who then issued a dispatch to Yibin and the others: "Xu Guo plotted rebellion and has been put to death. All your forces are now under my command." When Yibin received the dispatch he raged, "That traitor has thrown away the state's great kindness and murdered the commissioner on his own authority." This whole disaster started because of me. I will have my revenge. He summoned Zhao Bangyong: "Zhao the Second—you're a man of the south. You're the one who must make this plain to the world." He beheaded the messenger who had brought the dispatch, turned south toward Heaven, and swore an oath before the troops. All who witnessed it burned with outrage. Quan returned from Qingzhou to Chuzhou, pretended to rebuke Qingfu for failing to keep order and letting the Loyalty-and-Righteousness force run riot, executed several men, and asked to be punished. The court did not press the matter. Zhao Fan was then prefect and judicial intendant of Yangzhou. He recovered the commissioner's seal from fleeing soldiers and handed it to Xiji. Quan sent horsemen out to welcome Xiji. On the jimao day, Xiji entered Chuzhou. Liu Quan galloped up to the prefectural hall, where Xiji received him. Quan dismounted at the gate and bowed in the courtyard. Xiji stepped down to raise him up, and the rebel troops were satisfied.
23
四月，潘壬變姓名至楚州，將度淮而北，小校明亮獲之，械送行在伏誅。
In the fourth month, Pan Ren assumed a false name and reached Chuzhou, planning to cross the Huai northward. Junior Officer Ming Liang seized him, put him in chains, and sent him to the capital for execution.
24
甲午，時青使人偽為金兵，道邳州，出漣水，奪全田租而伏騎八百。 翼旦，全引二百騎度淮與鬥。 伏發，全敗，圍之，慶福以兵往拔全出。 全與慶福俱重傷，歸楚州。 丁勝、張世雄欲乘全敗舉兵追北軍，晞稷止之。 全後知其謀，對晞稷詰之，二人不為屈。 然懼禍及己，晞稷乃潛授世雄雄勝軍統制，教使逃而陽索之。 北軍追世雄，世雄且戰且走，得達揚州。 晞稷初至楚，緩急相濟，如囚趙社，逐朱虎，賊尚知畏。 屢令全還戰馬、軍器於制司，全唯唯。 退招姚翀及將校飲，酒酣，全曰：“制司追我戰馬、軍器，若何？ ”忽有將校曰：“當時忠義隻百十人，其他軍皆南軍乘勢將帶，若潰將何以還？ ”一人曰：“制司必欲追之，不若有官者棄官，無官者歸山東為百姓。 ”一人抵掌憤然，使全反，全陽罵之。 翀以告晞稷。 翼日，全見晞稷求納官，晞稷撫之而去。 自是不復誰何，其後至以“恩府”稱全、“恩堂”稱楊氏，而手足倒置矣。 軍器庫止餘槍幹數千，全復取去。 全欲戰艦，晞稷使擇二艘。 全移出淮河，使軍習之。
On the jiawu day, Shi Qing sent men disguised as Jin soldiers through Pizhou and out at Lianshui, where they seized Quan's collected land rents and hid eight hundred cavalry in ambush. The next morning Quan crossed the Huai with two hundred horsemen to give battle. The ambush sprang; Quan was beaten and surrounded until Qingfu marched out and fought his way in to pull him free. Quan and Qingfu were both badly wounded and limped back to Chuzhou. Ding Sheng and Zhang Shixiong wanted to exploit Quan's defeat, raise troops, and chase the northern force. Xiji forbade it. Quan later learned of the plan and confronted Xiji about it. Ding and Zhang refused to back down. Fearing reprisals, Xiji secretly made Shixiong commander of the Xiongsheng Army, told him to flee, and then pretended to hunt for him. Northern troops pursued Shixiong, but he fought a fighting retreat all the way to Yangzhou. When Xiji first reached Chuzhou, he and Quan still cooperated in a pinch—imprisoning Zhao She, driving out Zhu Hu—and the rebels still showed some fear. He repeatedly demanded that Quan return war horses and arms to the commissionerate. Quan murmured agreement. Later he invited Yao Chong and his officers to drink. When the wine was deep, Quan asked, "The commissionerate wants my horses and weapons back. What do we do?" One officer blurted out, "The Loyalty-and-Righteousness force was only a hundred-odd men. Every other unit was a southern officer who grabbed a command when the moment came. If we break up now, how do the generals go home?" Another said, "If the commissionerate insists on taking them back, let men with rank resign and the rest go home to Shandong as farmers." A third man slapped his knee in fury and urged Quan to rebel. Quan pretended to rebuke him. Chong reported the conversation to Xiji. The next day Quan visited Xiji and offered to resign his commission. Xiji soothed him and let the matter drop. After that no one dared hold Quan to account. Before long they were calling him "Benefactor's Mansion" and Lady Yang "Benefactor's Hall"—superior and subordinate turned upside down. The arms depot held only a few thousand spear shafts; Quan took those too. Quan asked for warships, and Xiji let him pick two. Quan had them moved onto the Huai and put his men through drills on the water.
25
初，楚城之將亂也，有吏竊許國書篋二以獻慶福，皆機事。 慶福賞盜篋者五百千，未之閱。 全始發緘，使家僮讀之，有廟堂遺國書令圖全者，全大怒； 又有苟夢玉書，即以慶福謀告國者，全始惡夢玉反覆。 夢玉知之，時已被堂召，亟辭全如京。 己卯，全饋餞夢玉如平時，潛殪諸十里之郊，復出榜捕害夢玉者。 全往青州。
Before the Chuzhou mutiny, a clerk stole two of Xu Guo's document cases and handed them to Qingfu. They were full of confidential business. Qingfu gave the thief five hundred strings of cash and never opened the cases. Only then did Quan break the seals and have a household servant read them aloud. One letter from court to Guo ordered a plot against Quan. Quan flew into a rage. There was also a letter from Gou Mengyu showing he had warned Guo about Qingfu's conspiracy. Quan now despised Mengyu as a double-dealer. When Mengyu learned of this, he had already received a summons to court and hurried to take his leave of Quan for the capital. On the jimao day, Quan saw him off with gifts as if nothing were amiss, then had him killed in secret ten li outside the city and posted a reward for whoever had murdered Mengyu. Quan departed for Qingzhou.
26
五月丁卯，全取東平，不克。 戊寅，劉全以券易制司錢，不如欲，復謀亂，楊氏出二千緡解之，乃止。 全引兵攻恩州。 明日，義斌出兵與全鬥，全敗。 義斌以千五百騎追之，獲馬二千匹，皆揚州強勇軍馬也。 慶福往救，又敗。 全退保山崮，抽山陽忠義以北。 楊氏及劉全皆欲親赴之，會全遣人求晞稷書與義斌連和，乃止。 義斌納全降兵，兵勢大振，進攻真定，降金將武仙，眾至數十萬，致書沿江制置使趙善湘曰：“不誅逆全，恢復不成。 但能遣兵扼淮，進據漣、海以蹙之，斷其南路，如此賊者，或生禽，或斬首，惟朝廷所命。 賊平之後，收復一京三府，然後義斌戰河北，盱眙諸將、襄陽騎士戰河南，神州可復也。 ”時四總管亦各遣計議官致書，乞助討賊，範亦以為言，不報。 全貽書制置司，誣義斌叛，晞稷繳達之。 時朝廷知義斌之功，憚全，未欲行賞。 未幾，義斌俟命不至，拓地而北，與大元兵戰於內黃之五馬山。 大元兵說之降，義斌厲聲曰：“我大宋臣，且河北、山東皆宋民，義豈為他臣屬耶！ ”遂死之。 戲下王義深等復歸全。
On the dingmao day of the fifth month, Quan attacked Dongping but failed to capture it. On the wuyin day, Liu Quan tried to cash vouchers at the commissionerate for more than he was owed. When he was refused, he plotted rebellion again. Lady Yang paid out two thousand strings to smooth things over, and the crisis passed. Quan led troops to attack Enzhou. The next day Yibin marched out to fight Quan and defeated him. Yibin pursued with fifteen hundred horsemen and seized two thousand horses—all from Yangzhou's Strong-and-Brave Army. Qingfu went to relieve him and was beaten again. Quan withdrew to a mountain stronghold and pulled the Shanyang loyalists north. Lady Yang and Liu Quan both wanted to go in person, but Quan sent for a letter from Xiji to reconcile with Yibin, and they held back. Yibin took in Quan's surrendered troops, and his army swelled to hundreds of thousands. He advanced on Zhending, won over the Jin general Wu Xian, and wrote to riverine commissioner Zhao Shanxiang: "Unless the traitor Quan is put to death, the Central Plains cannot be recovered." Send troops to hold the Huai, seize Lian and Hai to squeeze him, and cut his southern line of retreat. Then this bandit may be taken alive or beheaded—as the court commands. Once the rebels are crushed and the capital and three prefectures retaken, Yibin can fight in Hebei, the Xuyi generals and Xiangyang cavalry can fight in Henan, and the empire can be restored. The four overall commanders also sent planning officers begging help against the rebels. Fan made the same plea. The court did not respond. Quan wrote the commissionerate claiming Yibin had rebelled, and Xiji forwarded the letter to court. The court knew Yibin's merit but feared Quan and held back his rewards. When orders still did not come, Yibin pushed north and fought the Mongols at Wuma Mountain in Neihuang. The Mongols urged him to submit. Yibin declared sternly: "I am a Song subject, and Hebei and Shandong are Song lands—how could I serve another master!" He died fighting. Wang Yishen and others among his followers returned to Quan.
27
全使人說時青附己，饋金五百兩。 青見義斌死，乃附全，自移屯淮陰。 全招青入城飲，折俎銅券二千，他饋稱是，恩遍麾下，人人喜悅。 晞稷宴青，全饋折俎如前。 全將往山東，以南軍九百從，官犒鐵錢券人五千，全犒銅錢三倍，許攜南貨免稅。 於是請行者不已，得千人以俱，晞稷又以千八百人繼之。
Quan sent envoys to win Shi Qing over with five hundred taels of gold. After Yibin's death, Qing submitted to Quan and shifted his camp to Huaiyin on his own. Quan feasted Qing in the city, gave him two thousand copper vouchers at table and comparable gifts besides, and spread favors through the ranks until every man was pleased. Xiji also feasted Qing, and Quan again gave gifts at table as before. Quan prepared to go to Shandong with nine hundred southern troops. The government paid five thousand iron-cash vouchers per man; Quan paid triple that in copper cash and let them carry southern goods tax-free. Volunteers kept coming until he had a thousand men to take along, and Xiji sent another eighteen hundred after them.
28
二年春，趙範奉祠，林珙知揚州、權提點刑獄。 全北剽山東，南假宋以疑大元，且仰食。 會金與大元爭大名，全得往來經理。 三月丙辰朔，大元兵攻青州，全大小百戰，終不利，嬰城自守。 大元築長圍，夜布狗砦，糧援路絕。 全遣小校周興祖縋城，雜樵采者走楚州發援兵，終不能支。 全與福謀，福曰：“二人俱死無益也，汝身係南北輕重，我當死守孤城，汝間道南歸，提兵赴援，可尋生路。 ”全曰：“數十萬敵，未易支也。 全朝出則城夕陷，不如兄歸。 ”於是全止而福行。
That spring Zhao Fan retired on temple stipend; Lin Qi became prefect of Yangzhou and acting judicial intendant. Quan raided Shandong in the north, used the Song in the south to keep the Mongols guessing, and lived off Song provisions. While Jin and the Mongols fought over Daming, Quan slipped back and forth managing his affairs. On the bingchen day, the first of the third month, the Mongols attacked Qingzhou. Quan fought a hundred engagements, lost ground, and shut himself inside the walls. The Mongols built a long encirclement, ringed the city with chevaux-de-frise at night, and cut off all supply routes. Quan sent Junior Officer Zhou Xingzu over the wall on a rope, mingling with woodcutters to reach Chuzhou for relief, but the city could not be held. Quan consulted Fu, who said: "If we both die, it helps nothing. You matter to north and south alike. I'll die holding this city. You slip south by a hidden route, raise relief, and may yet survive." Quan replied, "We cannot hold against hundreds of thousands of enemies." If I leave in the morning, the city falls by evening. Better you go back, brother. Quan stayed; Fu went.
29
朝廷初以力未能討，故用晞稷調護，及傳全被圍，稍欲圖賊。 晞稷畏懦，幸全未歸以苟歲月。 朝廷方謀易帥，劉卓久在盱眙，雅意建閫； 又見賊勢稍孤，意功名可立，使鎮江副都統彭忄乇延譽京師，自謂：“素撫鎮江，三萬人足用，且得四總管歡心，討賊有餘力。 ”朝廷信之，忄乇亦垂涎代卓，從臾尤力。 九月，以卓知楚州兼淮東制置使，
At first the court, unable yet to crush him, had used Xiji to manage affairs. When word came that Quan was besieged, they began to plan against the rebel. Xiji was timid and cowardly, relieved that Quan had not returned so he could scrape by month by month. The court planned to replace the commander. Liu Zhuo had long served at Xuyi and coveted a command of his own; seeing the rebels somewhat isolated, he thought glory was within reach. He had Zhenjiang deputy commander Peng Zhen praise him at court, claiming: "I have long governed Zhenjiang; thirty thousand men are enough, the four overall commanders will follow me, and I have force to spare against the rebels." The court believed him. Peng Zhen also coveted Zhuo's post and pressed the case hard. In the ninth month Zhuo was made prefect of Chuzhou and Huaidong pacification commissioner,
30
忄乇代知盱眙，晞稷不知也。 己亥，晞稷以戶部侍郎召，未幾，出知袁州。
and Zhen replaced him at Xuyi—without Xiji's knowledge. On the jihai day Xiji was recalled as vice minister of Revenue; soon after he was sent out as prefect of Yuanzhou.
31
十一月壬子朔，卓至楚州，心知不能制馭四總管，惟以鎮江兵自隨。 時青在淮陰，卓怨其移屯叛己，不召也。 夏全請從，卓素畏全狡，亦俾留盱眙。 忄乇自揣資望視卓更淺，曰：“卓之止夏全，是欲遺患盱眙也。 卓猶憚夏全，我何能用？ ”乃激夏全曰：“楚城賊黨不滿三千，健將又在山東，劉制使圖之，收功在旦夕。 太尉曷不往赴事會，何端坐為？ ”夏全欣然領兵徑入楚城，青亦自淮陰復移屯城內。 卓且駭且恐，勢不容卻，復就二人謀焉。 時傳全已死，福欲分兵赴援，兵少，卒不往。 甲子，卓令夏全盛陳兵楚城，賊黨震恐，楊氏遣人賂夏全求緩師，乃
On the renzi day, the first of the eleventh month, Zhuo reached Chuzhou. He knew he could not control the four overall commanders and brought only his Zhenjiang troops. Shi Qing was at Huaiyin. Zhuo resented his unsanctioned move and did not summon him. Xia Quan asked to accompany him, but Zhuo, who had long feared Xia's cunning, kept him at Xuyi as well. Zhen judged his own standing even lower than Zhuo's and said, "Zhuo is leaving Xia Quan at Xuyi to plant trouble there." If Zhuo still fears Xia Quan, how can I be of use? He goaded Xia Quan: "The rebels in Chuzhou number fewer than three thousand, their best generals are in Shandong, and Commissioner Liu is closing in. Victory is only days away." Grand Marshal, why not seize the moment instead of sitting idle? Xia Quan gladly marched straight into Chuzhou, and Qing shifted back into the city from Huaiyin. Zhuo was alarmed and afraid, unable to turn them back, and consulted the two men again. Rumors said Quan was dead. Fu wanted to send a relief detachment, but his force was too small and he never went. On the jiazi day Zhuo had Xia Quan parade his full strength before Chuzhou. The rebels were terrified. Lady Yang sent bribes asking Xia Quan to ease the pressure, and then