1
初為冠軍孫無終司馬。 安帝隆安三年十一月，妖賊孫恩作亂於會稽，晉朝衞將軍謝琰、前將軍劉牢之東討。 牢之請高祖參府軍事。 十二月，牢之至吳，而賊緣道屯結，牢之命高祖與數十人覘賊遠近。 會遇賊至，眾數千人，高祖便進與戰。 所將人多死，而戰意方厲，手奮長刀，所殺傷甚眾。 牢之子敬宣疑高祖淹久，恐為賊所困，乃輕騎尋之。 既而眾騎並至，賊乃奔退，斬獲千餘人，推鋒而進，平山陰，恩遁還入海。
He began his career as marshal on the staff of Champion General Sun Wuzhong. In the eleventh month of the third year of Long'an (399), while Emperor An still reigned, the rebel Sun En broke out in Kuaiji. The Jin court sent Defender-in-Chief Xie Yan and Forward General Liu Laozhi east against him. Laozhi asked Gaozu to serve on his headquarters staff. That twelfth month Laozhi reached Wu. The rebels had set up camps all along the roads, and he sent Gaozu out with a few dozen men to scout their positions. They ran straight into the enemy: several thousand men. Gaozu charged to fight them on the spot. Most of his party fell, but he fought all the harder, swinging a long saber and cutting down a great number of the enemy. Laozhi's son Jingxuan worried that Gaozu had been gone too long and might be surrounded. He took a light escort and went to find him. Soon the rest of the cavalry came up. The rebels broke and ran. Over a thousand were killed or taken. The army pushed forward, pacified Shanyin, and En escaped back to sea.
2
四年五月，恩復入會稽，殺衞將軍謝琰。 十一月，劉牢之復率眾東征，恩退走。 牢之屯上虞，使高祖戍句章城。 句章城既卑小，戰士不盈數百人，高祖常被堅執銳，為士卒先，每戰輒摧鋒陷陣，賊乃退還浹口。 于時東伐諸帥，御軍無律，士卒暴掠，甚為百姓所苦。 唯高祖法令明整，所至莫不親賴焉。
In the fifth month of the fourth year (400), En invaded Kuaiji again and killed Xie Yan. In the eleventh month Laozhi marched east again, and En withdrew. Laozhi camped at Shangyu and left Gaozu to hold Goukou. Goukou was a mean little fortress with only a few hundred defenders. Gaozu always armed himself heavily and led from the front. In every fight he smashed the enemy line, until the rebels fell back to Jiakou. The eastern commanders as a rule kept no discipline, and their troops looted the countryside until the people were desperate. Only under Gaozu were regulations clear and troops orderly. Wherever he marched, people trusted him.
3
五年春，孫恩頻攻句章，高祖屢摧破之，恩復走入海。 三月，恩北出海鹽，高祖追而翼之，築城于海鹽故治。 賊日來攻城，城內兵力甚弱，高祖乃選敢死之士數百人，咸脫甲冑，執短兵，並鼓噪而出，賊震懼奪氣，因其懼而奔之，並棄甲散走，斬其大帥姚盛。 雖連戰剋勝，然眾寡不敵，高祖獨深慮之。 一夜，偃旗匿眾，若已遁者。 明晨開門，使羸疾數人登城。 賊遙問劉裕所在。 曰：「夜已走矣。」 賊信之，乃率眾大上。 高祖乘其懈怠，奮擊，大破之。 恩知城不可下，乃進向滬瀆。 高祖復棄城追之。 海鹽令鮑陋遣子嗣之以吳兵一千，請為前驅。 高祖曰：「賊兵甚精，吳人不習戰，若前驅失利，必敗我軍。 可在後為聲援。」 不從。 是夜，高祖多設伏兵，兼置旗鼓，然一處不過數人。 明日，賊率眾萬餘迎戰。 前驅既交，諸伏皆出，舉旗鳴鼓。 賊謂四面有軍，乃退。 嗣之追奔，為賊所沒。 高祖且戰且退，賊盛，所領死傷且盡。 高祖慮不免，至向伏兵處，乃止，令左右脫取死人衣。 賊謂當走反停，疑猶有伏。 高祖因呼更戰，氣色甚猛，賊眾以為然，乃引軍去。 高祖徐歸，然後散兵稍集。 五月，孫恩破滬瀆，殺吳國內史袁山松，死者四千人。 是月，高祖復破賊於婁縣。
In the spring of the fifth year (401) Sun En attacked Goukou again and again. Gaozu beat him back each time, and En once more took to sea. In the third month En came north from the sea toward Haiyan. Gaozu pursued and outflanked him, building a walled camp at the old Haiyan seat. The rebels attacked every day, and the garrison was desperately weak. Gaozu picked several hundred volunteers, stripped them of armor, armed them with short weapons, and sent them out yelling. The enemy panicked. He struck while they were still afraid; they threw down their armor and fled, and he killed their commander Yao Sheng. He won fight after fight, yet he was badly outnumbered, and the situation weighed on him. One night he furled the banners and hid his men, making it look as though he had abandoned the place. At dawn he opened the gates and put a few sick or feeble men on the ramparts. The rebels shouted from a distance, asking where Liu Yu was. The men on the wall answered, "He got away last night." The enemy believed them and stormed the walls in strength. Gaozu waited until they had grown careless, then hit them hard and routed them completely. Seeing the city could not be taken, En marched on toward Hudu. Gaozu again left the fort and pursued him. Bao Lou, magistrate of Haiyan, sent his son Sizhi with a thousand Wu soldiers and offered to lead the van. Gaozu said, "The rebels fight well, and Wu men are not used to war. If your van is broken, you will take our whole force with you. Stay behind us and lend support from the rear." They would not listen. That night he laid many ambushes and set out flags and drums, but at each point there were only a handful of men. The next day the enemy came out with more than ten thousand men. When the van clashed, every ambush party rose, raising banners and beating drums. The rebels thought they were surrounded on every side and pulled back. Sizhi chased the retreat and was cut off and destroyed. Gaozu fought a fighting retreat. The enemy pressed hard, and nearly all his men were killed or wounded. He thought he would not get away alive. When he reached the ambush ground he stopped and told his companions to strip clothing from the corpses. The enemy expected a rout, yet he had halted; they suspected another trap. Gaozu called for another charge, looking ferocious. The rebels took him at his word and drew off. He withdrew at an easy pace, and only then did his scattered men begin to gather again. In the fifth month Sun En overran Hudu and killed Yuan Shansong, interior minister of Wu; four thousand people died. That same month Gaozu beat the rebels again at Lou.
4
六月，恩乘勝浮海，奄至丹徒，戰士十餘萬。 劉牢之猶屯山陰，京邑震動。 高祖倍道兼行，與賊俱至。 于時眾力既寡，加以步遠疲勞，而丹徒守軍莫有鬭志。 恩率眾數萬，鼓噪登蒜山，居民皆荷擔而立。 高祖率所領奔擊，大破之，投巘赴水死者甚眾。 恩以彭排 〈音敗〉 自載，[2]僅得還船。 雖被摧破，猶恃其眾力，徑向京師。 樓船高大，值風不得進，旬日乃至白石。 尋知劉牢之已還，朝廷有備，遂走向鬱洲。 八月，以高祖為建武將軍、下邳太守，領水軍追討至鬱洲，[3]復大破恩。 恩南走。 十一月，高祖追恩於滬瀆，及海鹽，又破之。 三戰並大獲，俘馘以萬數。 恩自是饑饉疾疫，死者太半，自浹口奔臨海。
In the sixth month En sailed in on the momentum of his victories and suddenly appeared at Dantu with more than a hundred thousand warriors. Laozhi was still at Shanyin, and the capital was in uproar. Gaozu forced the march day and night and reached the scene as the enemy did. His force was small to begin with, and the long foot march had exhausted them. The Dantu garrison had no stomach for a fight. En brought tens of thousands up Garlic Hill with drums and war cries. The townspeople stood with bundles on their shoulders, ready to flee. Gaozu led his men in a charge and broke them completely. Huge numbers were killed falling into ravines or drowning. En boarded a pengpai 〈pronounced bai〉 He boarded a raft under his own power and barely made it back to his ship (source note 2). Though beaten, he still trusted his numbers and steered straight for the capital. His tower ships were huge, but contrary winds held them back, and ten days passed before they reached Baishi. Soon he learned that Laozhi had returned and the court was ready. He turned toward Yuzhou instead. In the eighth month Gaozu was appointed General Who Establishes Martial Might and administrator of Xiapi, commanding the navy in pursuit to Yuzhou.[3] He routed En again. En fled south. In the eleventh month Gaozu pursued En to Hudu and Haiyan and defeated him again. Three great victories in a row brought tens of thousands of prisoners and heads. After that famine and plague ravaged En's ranks; more than half died, and he fled from Jiakou toward Linhai.
5
元興元年正月，驃騎將軍司馬元顯西伐荊州刺史桓玄，玄亦率荊楚大眾，下討元顯。 元顯遣鎮北將軍劉牢之拒之，高祖參其軍事。 次溧洲。 玄至，高祖請擊之，不許，將遣子敬宣詣玄請和。 高祖與牢之甥東海何無忌並固諫，不從。 [4]遂遣敬宣詣玄。 玄剋京邑，殺元顯，以牢之為會稽內史。 懼而告高祖曰：「便奪我兵，禍其至矣。 今當北就高雅於廣陵舉事，卿能從我去乎？」 答曰：「將軍以勁卒數萬，望風降服。 彼新得志，威震天下。 三軍人情，都已去矣，廣陵豈可得至邪！ 裕當反服還京口耳。」 牢之叛走自縊死。 何無忌謂高祖曰：「我將何之？」 高祖曰：「鎮北去必不免，卿可隨我還京口。 桓玄必能守節北面，我當與卿事之； 不然，與卿圖之。 今方是玄矯情任算之日，必將用我輩也。」 桓玄從兄脩以撫軍鎮丹徒，以高祖為中兵參軍，軍、郡如故。
In the first month of Yuanxing 1 (402), General of Agile Cavalry Sima Yuanxian marched west against Jingzhou inspector Huan Xuan. Xuan answered with the full strength of Jing and Chu and came downriver against him. Yuanxian sent Defender of the North Liu Laozhi to block him. Gaozu served on Laozhi's staff. The army stopped at Lizhou. When Xuan arrived, Gaozu asked to attack and was refused. Laozhi meant to send Jingxuan to Xuan to negotiate peace. Gaozu and Laozhi's nephew He Wuji of Donghai both urged him against this, but he would not listen. [4] He sent Jingxuan to Xuan. Xuan seized the capital, killed Yuanxian, and appointed Laozhi interior minister of Kuaiji. Terrified, Laozhi told Gaozu, "He is going to strip me of my troops. Disaster is coming. I must go north to Gao Ya at Guangling and raise troops. Will you come with me?" Gaozu replied, "You had tens of thousands of elite soldiers, yet you surrendered the moment the enemy drew near. They have just seized power and their prestige fills the empire. Your army's loyalty is already gone. You will never reach Guangling! As for me, I shall put on mourning and go back to Jingkou." Laozhi rebelled, fled, and hanged himself. He Wuji asked Gaozu, "Where should I go?" Gaozu said, "If Laozhi leaves, he cannot live. Come back to Jingkou with me. Huan Xuan may yet observe proper loyalty to the throne, and then you and I can serve him. If not, we will plot against him together. This is the moment when Xuan is feigning virtue and scheming. He is bound to employ us." Xuan's cousin Xiu, holding the post of Pacifier of the Army at Dantu, appointed Gaozu middle-army staff officer with his former military and civil titles unchanged.
6
孫恩自奔敗之後，徒旅漸散，懼生見獲，乃於臨海投水死。 餘眾推恩妹夫盧循為主。 桓玄欲且緝寧東土，以循為永嘉太守。 循雖受命，而寇暴不已。 五月，玄復遣高祖東征。 時循自臨海入東陽。 二年正月，玄復遣高祖破循於東陽。 循奔永嘉，復追破之，斬其大帥張士道，追討至于晉安，循浮海南走。 六月，加高祖彭城內史。
After his final defeat Sun En's followers melted away. Afraid of being taken alive, he drowned himself in the sea off Linhai. The survivors set up En's brother-in-law Lu Xun as their leader. Huan Xuan wanted peace in the east for the time being and named Xun administrator of Yongjia. Xun accepted the post, but his raids and violence never stopped. In the fifth month Xuan sent Gaozu east again. Xun had come from Linhai into Dongyang. In the first month of the second year (403) Xuan again sent Gaozu, who defeated Xun at Dongyang. Xun fled to Yongjia. Gaozu pursued, beat him again, and beheaded his commander Zhang Shidao, chasing as far as Jin'an before Xun escaped south by sea. In the sixth month Gaozu was promoted to interior minister of Pengcheng.
7
桓玄為楚王，將謀篡盜。 玄從兄衞將軍謙屏人問高祖曰：「楚王勳德隆重，四海歸懷。 朝廷之情，咸謂宜有揖讓，卿意以為何如？」 高祖既志欲圖玄，乃遜辭答曰：「楚王，宣武之子，勳德蓋世。 晉室微弱，民望久移，乘運禪代，有何不可。」 謙喜曰：「卿謂可爾，便當是真可爾。」 十二月，桓玄篡帝位，遷天子於尋陽。 桓脩入朝，高祖從至京邑。 玄見高祖，謂司徒王謐曰：「昨見劉裕，風骨不恒，蓋人傑也。」 每遊集，輒引接慇懃，贈賜甚厚。 高祖愈惡之。 或說玄曰：「劉裕龍行虎步，視瞻不凡，恐不為人下，宜蚤為其所。」 玄曰：「我方欲平蕩中原，非劉裕莫可付以大事。 關、隴平定，然後當別議之耳。」 玄乃下詔曰：「劉裕以寡制眾，屢摧妖鋒。 汎海窮追，十殄其八。 諸將力戰，多被重創。 自元帥以下至于將士，並宜論賞，以敍勳烈。」
Huan Xuan became Prince of Chu and prepared to seize the throne. Xuan's cousin Defender-in-Chief Qian sent everyone else away and asked Gaozu, "The Prince of Chu's achievements are immense, and the empire looks to him. Court opinion holds there should be a peaceful transfer of the mandate. What is your view?" Gaozu already meant to overthrow Xuan, but answered cautiously: "The Prince of Chu is son of Duke Xuanwu. His achievements tower over the age. The Jin dynasty is weak and popular allegiance has long since shifted. To accept the mandate when the moment comes—why not?" Qian was delighted. "If you say it is possible," he said, "then it truly is possible." In the twelfth month Huan Xuan seized the throne and moved the emperor to Xunyang. Huan Xiu went to court, and Gaozu went with him to the capital. When Xuan met Gaozu he told Minister of Education Wang Mi, "I saw Liu Yu yesterday. His presence is unlike ordinary men. He is a hero." Whenever they met at feasts Xuan drew him close with warm courtesy and heaped gifts on him. Gaozu only hated him the more. Someone warned Xuan, "Liu Yu moves like a dragon and tiger, and his eyes are unsettling. He will not stay subordinate. You should remove him early." Xuan said, "I mean to pacify the Central Plains. No one but Liu Yu can be entrusted with so great a charge. Once Guan and Long are settled, we can speak of this again." He then issued an edict: "Liu Yu, though outnumbered, has again and again broken the rebel spearhead. He chased them across the sea and destroyed eight in ten. His generals fought hard; many were badly wounded. From the commander down to the common soldier, rewards are due, that their deeds may be recorded."
8
先是高祖東征盧循，何無忌隨至山陰，勸於會稽舉義。 高祖以為玄未據極位，且會稽遙遠，事濟為難，俟其篡逆事著，徐於京口圖之，不憂不剋。 至是桓脩還京，高祖託以金創疾動，不堪步從，乃與無忌同船共還，建興復之計。 於是與弟道規、沛郡劉毅、平昌孟昶、任城魏詠之、高平檀憑之、琅邪諸葛長民、太原王元德、隴西辛扈興、東莞童厚之，並同義謀。 時桓脩弟弘為征虜將軍、青州刺史，鎮廣陵。 道規為弘中兵參軍，昶為州主簿。 乃令毅潛往就昶，聚徒於江北，謀起兵殺弘。 長民為豫州刺史刁逵左軍府參軍，謀據歷陽相應。 元德、厚之謀於京邑聚眾攻玄，並剋期齊發。
Earlier, on the eastern campaign against Lu Xun, He Wuji had gone with Gaozu to Shanyin and urged an uprising in Kuaiji. Gaozu thought Xuan had not yet seized the throne, and Kuaiji was too remote for a coup to succeed. Better wait until his treason was obvious, then strike from Jingkou. Victory was certain. When Huan Xiu went back to the capital, Gaozu claimed an old war wound had reopened and he could not keep pace on foot. He and Wuji took the same boat home and plotted to restore the Jin. He joined his brother Daogui, Liu Yi of Peijun, Meng Chang of Pingchang, Wei Yongzhi of Rencheng, Tan Pingzhi of Gaoping, Zhuge Changmin of Langye, Wang Yuande of Taiyuan, Xin Huxing of Longxi, and Tong Houzhi of Dongguan in a secret league. Xiu's brother Hong was then General Who Subdues the Barbarians and inspector of Qingzhou, stationed at Guangling. Daogui was on Hong's staff as middle-army officer; Chang was provincial chief clerk. They sent Yi secretly to Chang to raise men north of the Yangzi and kill Hong. Changmin, on the staff of Yuzhou inspector Diao Kui, planned to seize Liyang in concert. Yuande and Houzhi would rally supporters in the capital; every plot fixed the same day to strike.
9
三年二月己丑朔，乙卯，高祖託以遊獵，與無忌等收集義徒，凡同謀何無忌、魏詠之、詠之弟欣之、順之、檀憑之、憑之從子韶、韶弟祗、隆、道濟、[5]道濟從兄範之、高祖弟道憐、劉毅、毅從弟藩、孟昶、昶族弟懷玉、河內向彌、管義之、陳留周安穆、臨淮劉蔚、從弟珪之、東莞臧熹、[6]從弟寶符、從子穆生、童茂宗、陳郡周道民、漁陽田演、譙國范清等二十七人； 願從者百餘人。 丙辰，詰旦，城開，無忌服傳詔服，稱詔居前。 義眾馳入，齊聲大呼，吏士驚散，莫敢動，即斬脩以徇。 高祖哭甚慟，厚加殯斂。 孟昶勸弘其日出獵。 未明開門，出獵人，昶、道規、毅等率壯士五六十人因開門直入。 弘方噉粥，即斬之，因收眾濟江。
On yimao, the twenty-eighth day of the second month of the third year (404), Gaozu pretended to go hunting and mustered his allies with Wuji. Twenty-seven men shared the oath: He Wuji, Wei Yongzhi and his brothers Xinzhi and Shunzhi, Tan Pingzhi and his cousin Shao and Shao's brothers Zhi, Long, and Daoji,[5] Daoji's cousin Fanzhi, Gaozu's brother Daoling, Liu Yi and his cousin Fan, Meng Chang and his clansman Huaiyu, Xiang Mi of Henei, Guan Yizhi, Zhou Anmu of Chenliu, Liu Wei of Huaiyin and his cousin Guizhi, Zang Xi of Dongguan,[6] Xi's cousin Baofu and nephew Musheng, Tong Maozong, Zhou Daomin of Chenjun, Tian Yan of Yuyang, and Fan Qing of Qiaoguo; more than a hundred volunteers came with them. At dawn on bingchen the gates opened. Wuji dressed as if carrying an imperial order and marched at the head, proclaiming it. The rebels charged in with a great shout. Officials and soldiers scattered in terror. No one resisted. They beheaded Xiu at once and displayed his head. Gaozu wept bitterly and gave him a lavish funeral—his cousin, after all. Meng Chang persuaded Hong to go hunting that same day. Before dawn the gates opened for the hunt. Chang, Daogui, Yi, and fifty or sixty picked men slipped through and rushed in. Hong was at his morning porridge when they killed him. They gathered his troops and crossed the river.
10
義軍初剋京城，脩司馬刁弘率文武佐吏來赴。 高祖登城謂之曰：「郭江州已奉乘輿反正於尋陽，我等並被密詔，誅除逆黨，同會今日。 賊玄之首，已當梟於大航矣。 諸君非大晉之臣乎，今來欲何為？」 弘等信之，收眾而退。 毅既至，高祖命誅弘。
When the loyalists first seized the capital, Xiu's staff officer Diao Hong came with civil and military officials to submit. Gaozu mounted the wall and told him, "Inspector Guo of Jiangzhou has already received the emperor at Xunyang and declared for the restoration. We too hold secret orders to destroy the traitors. Today we act together. Xuan's head will soon hang at the Great Ferry. You are still ministers of Jin. Why have you come?" Hong believed him and led his men away. When Yi arrived, Gaozu had Hong executed.
11
毅兄邁先在京師，事未發數日，高祖遣同謀周安穆報之，使為內應。 邁外雖酬許，內甚震懼。 安穆見其惶駭，慮事必泄，乃馳歸。 時玄以邁為竟陵太守，邁不知所為，便下船欲之郡。 是夜，玄與邁書曰：「北府人情云何？ 卿近見劉裕何所道？」 邁謂玄已知其謀，晨起白之。 玄驚懼，封邁為重安侯； 既而嫌邁不執安穆，使得逃去，[7]乃殺之。 誅元德、扈興、厚之等。 召桓謙、卞範之等謀拒高祖。 謙等曰：「亟遣兵擊之。」 玄曰：「不然。 彼兵速銳，計出萬死。 若行遣水軍，不足相抗，如有蹉跌，則彼氣成而吾事敗矣。 不如屯大眾於覆舟山以待之。 彼空行二百里，無所措手，銳氣已挫，既至，忽見大軍，必驚懼駭愕。 我案兵堅陣，勿與交鋒，彼求戰不得，自然散走。 此計之上也。」 謙等固請，乃遣頓丘太守吳甫之、右衞將軍皇甫敷北拒義軍。
Yi's elder brother Mai was already in the capital. Days before the rising Gaozu sent Zhou Anmu to enlist him as an inside man. Mai agreed outwardly but was terrified within. Anmu saw his panic, feared a leak, and rode back at speed. Xuan had just made Mai administrator of Jingling. Mai, at a loss, boarded a boat for his post. That night Xuan wrote to Mai: "What is the mood in the Northern Headquarters? What did Liu Yu say when you saw him lately?" Mai thought Xuan already knew. At dawn he went to tell him. Xuan was terrified. He enfeoffed Mai as Marquis of Chong'an; then, angry that Mai had let Anmu escape,[7] killed him. He executed Yuande, Huxing, Houzhi, and others caught in the capital. He called in Huan Qian, Bian Fanzhi, and others to plan resistance. Qian urged an immediate attack. Xuan said, "No. Their men are fast and fierce, fighting with nothing to lose. A naval force might not stop them. One setback and their morale will soar while ours collapses. Better mass an army on Fuzhou Mountain and wait. They will march two hundred li on empty roads with nowhere to strike. Their edge will dull. When they see a great host, they will panic. Hold a solid line and refuse battle. Unable to fight, they will melt away. That is the best plan." They pressed him anyway. He sent Wu Fuzhi, administrator of Dunqiu, and Huangfu Fu, Right Defender-in-Chief, north against the loyalists.
12
玄自聞軍起，憂懼無復為計。 或曰：「劉裕等眾力甚弱，豈辦之有成，陛下何慮之甚。」 玄曰：「劉裕足為一世之雄； 劉毅家無擔石之儲，摴蒲一擲百萬； 何無忌，劉牢之甥，酷似其舅。 共舉大事，何謂無成。」
From the moment he heard of the rising, Xuan was too frightened to think straight. Someone said, "Liu Yu's force is tiny. How can they succeed? Why such fear? Xuan answered, "Liu Yu is a hero of the age. Liu Yi has not a picul in his house yet will stake a million on one throw of dice. He Wuji is Laozhi's nephew and his very image. Together they attempt a great thing. How can you call them doomed?"
13
眾推高祖為盟主，移檄京邑，曰：
The allies made Gaozu their leader. He issued a proclamation to the capital:
14
夫治亂相因，理不常泰，狡焉肆虐，或值聖明。 自我大晉，陽九屢構，隆安以來，難結皇室，忠臣碎於虎口，貞良弊於豺狼。 逆臣桓玄，陵虐人鬼，阻兵荊郢，肆暴都邑。 天未亡難，凶力繁興，踰年之間，遂傾皇祚。 主上播越，流幸非所，神器沉淪，七廟毀墜。 夏后之罹浞、豷，有漢之遭莽、卓，方之於玄，未足為喻。 自玄纂逆，于今歷年，亢旱彌時，民無生氣。 加以士庶疲於轉輸，文武困於造築，父子乖離，室家分散，豈唯大東有杼軸之悲，摽梅有傾筐之塈而已哉。 仰觀天文，俯察人事，此而能久，孰有可亡。 凡在有心，誰不扼腕。 裕等所以叩心泣血，不遑啟處者也。 是故夕寐宵興，援獎忠烈，潛搆崎嶇，險過履虎。 輔國將軍劉毅、廣武將軍何無忌、鎮北主簿孟昶、兗州主簿魏詠之、寧遠將軍劉道規、龍驤將軍劉藩、振威將軍檀憑之等，忠烈斷金，精貫白日，荷戈奮袂，志在畢命。 益州刺史毛璩，萬里齊契，掃定荊楚。 江州刺史郭昶之，奉迎主上，宮于尋陽。 鎮北參軍王元德等，並率部曲，保據石頭。 揚武將軍諸葛長民，收集義士，已據歷陽。 征虜參軍庾賾之等，潛相連結，以為內應。 同力協規，所在蜂起，即日斬偽徐州刺史安城王脩、青州刺史弘首。 義眾既集，文武爭先，咸謂不有一統，則事無以輯。 裕辭不獲已，遂總軍要。 庶上憑祖宗之靈，下罄義夫之力，剪馘逋逆，蕩清京輦。
Order and chaos alternate; peace cannot last forever. When the wicked run rampant, a sage ruler may yet appear. Since the founding of Jin, disaster has struck again and again. Since Long'an the throne has been beset—loyal ministers torn by tigers, good men devoured by wolves. The traitor Huan Xuan oppressed heaven and earth, held Jing and Ying by force, and ravaged the capital. Heaven had not yet ended the ordeal, yet his brutal power waxed; within a year he stole the throne. The emperor was driven into exile; the sacred regalia sank in darkness; the ancestral temples fell in ruin. The woes of the Xia at Zhu and Yi, of Han at Mang and Zhuo—Xuan surpasses them all. Since his usurpation years have passed. Drought endures. The people barely breathe. Gentry and commoners break under transport corvée; officials and soldiers under forced labor. Families split, homes scattered. The eastern provinces weep at empty looms; maidens grieve that their baskets overflow with plums none will take. Heaven above and earth below—can such a reign endure? What could not fall? Every man with a heart clenches his fist. That is why we beat our breasts and weep blood and cannot sleep. We rise at night and sleep at dawn, rewarding the loyal, stealing along paths more dangerous than walking on tigers. Liu Yi, He Wuji, Meng Chang, Wei Yongzhi, Liu Daogui, Liu Fan, Tan Pingzhi, and the rest—loyalty that cuts metal, spirit that pierces the sun—take up arms resolved to die. Mao Jin, inspector of Yizhou, acts in concert from afar to sweep Jing and Chu. Guo Chaozhi of Jiangzhou receives the emperor and lodges him at Xunyang. Wang Yuande and others hold Shitou with their bands. Zhuge Changmin has gathered loyalists and already holds Liyang. Yu Zhenzhi and others conspire within as our allies. All rise together. That very day the false inspector of Xuzhou, Prince of Ancheng Xiu, and the inspector of Qingzhou Hong were beheaded. With the loyal host assembled, civil and military men insist that without one commander the cause cannot hold. Yu declined until he could refuse no longer, and took supreme command. We trust in the ancestors above and the courage of our men below to cut down the rebels and cleanse the capital.
15
公侯諸君，或世樹忠貞，或身荷爵寵，而並俛眉猾豎，自効莫由，顧瞻周道，寧不弔乎！ 今日之舉，良其會也。 裕以虛薄，才非古人，勢接於已踐之機，受任於既頹之運。 丹誠未宣，感慨憤躍，望霄漢以永懷，眄山川以增厲。 授檄之日，神馳賊廷。
You lords who for generations served in loyalty, or who yourselves received grace—yet bow to this usurper with no way to serve the throne—looking on the way of Zhou, do you not grieve? Today is the day to act. Yu is slight in talent, no match for the ancients. Fortune offers a path already half-won; the mandate comes when the dynasty is already failing. My heart is not yet spoken; I burn with anger, gaze at the Milky Way and long, look on mountains and rivers and harden my will. On the day this proclamation goes forth, my spirit flies to the traitor's court.
16
以孟昶為長史，總攝後事； 檀憑之為司馬。 百姓願從者千餘人。
Meng Chang was made chief of staff to manage the rear; Tan Pingzhi was made marshal. More than a thousand commoners joined them.
17
三月戊午朔，遇吳甫之於江乘。 甫之，玄驍將也，其兵甚銳。 高祖躬執長刀，大呼以衝之，眾皆披靡，即斬甫之。 進至羅落橋，皇甫敷率數千人逆戰。 寧遠將軍檀憑之與高祖各御一隊，憑之戰敗見殺，其眾退散。 高祖進戰彌厲，前後奮擊，應時摧破，即斬敷首。 初高祖與何無忌等共建大謀，有善相者相高祖及無忌等並當大貴，其應甚近，惟云憑之無相。 高祖與無忌密相謂曰：「吾等既為同舟，理無偏異。 吾徒咸皆富貴，則檀不應獨殊。」 深不解相者之言。 至是而憑之戰死，高祖知其事必捷。
On the first day of the third month they met Wu Fuzhi at Jiangcheng. Fuzhi was one of Xuan's fiercest generals; his men fought well. Gaozu took a long saber, shouted, and charged. The enemy broke. He cut down Fuzhi on the spot. They pushed on to Luoluo Bridge. Huangfu Fu met them with several thousand men. Tan Pingzhi and Gaozu each led a wing. Pingzhi was killed and his men scattered. Gaozu fought all the harder, striking on every side. The enemy shattered. Fu was beheaded. When the plot was first laid, a physiognomist had read Gaozu, Wuji, and the rest as all destined for great rank, and soon. Only Pingzhi, he said, lacked the signs. Gaozu and Wuji whispered together, "We share one boat. Fortune cannot favor some and not others. If we are all to rise, Tan cannot be left out." They could not understand the seer. When Pingzhi fell, Gaozu knew victory was certain.
18
玄聞敷等並沒，愈懼。 使桓謙屯東陵口，卞範之屯覆舟山西，眾合二萬。 己未旦，義軍食畢，棄其餘糧，進至覆舟山東，使丐士張旗幟於山上，以為疑兵。 玄又遣武騎將軍庾禕之，[8]配以精卒利器，助謙等。 高祖躬先士卒以奔之，將士皆殊死戰，無不一當百，呼聲動天地。 時東北風急，因命縱火，煙爓張天，鼓噪之音震京邑。 謙等諸軍，一時土崩。 玄始雖遣軍置陣，而走意已決，別使領軍將軍殷仲文具舟於石頭，仍將子姪浮江南走。
Learning that Fu was dead, Xuan grew more afraid. He posted Huan Qian at Dongling Pass and Bian Fanzhi west of Fuzhou Mountain—twenty thousand men between them. At dawn on jiwei the loyalists ate, left their spare grain, and marched east of Fuzhou Mountain, where beggars raised banners on the heights as a decoy. Xuan also sent Yu Yizhi, General of Martial Cavalry,[8] with picked troops and fine arms to reinforce Qian. Gaozu led the charge himself. His men fought as if death meant nothing, each worth a hundred. Their roar shook heaven and earth. A fierce northeast wind rose. He ordered the fire lit. Smoke blotted out the sky; drums and war cries shook the capital. Qian's lines collapsed at once. Xuan had drawn up his army, but he meant to run. He had Yin Zhongwen ready boats at Shitou, then fled south across the Yangzi with his kin.
19
庚申，高祖鎮石頭城，立留臺官，[9]焚桓溫神主於宣陽門外，造晉新主，立于太廟。 遣諸將帥追玄，尚書王嘏率百官奉迎乘輿。 [10]司徒王謐與眾議推高祖領揚州，固辭。 乃以謐為錄尚書事，領揚州刺史。 於是推高祖為使持節、都督揚、徐、兗、豫、青、冀、幽、并八州諸軍事、領軍將軍、徐州刺史。 [11]
On gengshen Gaozu held Shitou, set up a provisional government,[9] burned Huan Wen's tablet outside Xuanyang Gate, and installed a new spirit tablet for Jin in the Imperial Temple. He sent generals in pursuit. Wang Dan of the Ministry of the Interior led the officials to welcome the emperor. [10] Wang Mi and others urged Gaozu to take Yangzhou. He refused. Mi was made Recorder of the Masters of Writing and given Yangzhou. Gaozu was then appointed bearer of the staff, commander over eight provinces, Defender-in-Chief, and inspector of Xuzhou. Textual annotation marker 11.
20
先是朝廷承晉氏亂政，百司縱弛，桓玄雖欲釐整，而眾莫從之。 高祖以身範物，先以威禁內外，百官皆肅然奉職，二三日間，風俗頓改。 且桓玄雖以雄豪見推，而一朝便有極位，晉氏四方牧守及在朝大臣，盡心伏事，臣主之分定矣。 高祖位微於朝，眾無一旅，奮臂草萊之中，倡大義以復皇祚。 由是王謐等諸人時失民望，[12]莫不愧而憚焉。
The Jin court had long been corrupt and offices slack. Xuan tried to reform them, but none obeyed. Gaozu led by example, imposing discipline inside and out. Within days every office snapped to order and customs changed overnight. Xuan had risen in a day to supreme power; every governor and court minister had submitted. The hierarchy seemed settled. Gaozu had been a nobody with barely a company. He raised the banner of restoration from the grass roots. Wang Mi and the grandees, who had lost the people's trust,[12] were ashamed and afraid.
21
諸葛長民失期不得發，刁逵執送之，未至而玄敗。
Changmin missed his rendezvous and was seized by Diao Kui. Before he reached the field, Xuan was already beaten.
22
玄經尋陽，江州刺史郭昶之備乘輿法物資之。 玄收略得二千餘人，挾天子走江陵。 冠軍將軍劉毅、輔國將軍何無忌、振武將軍劉道規率諸軍追討。
Passing Xunyang, Xuan was supplied with imperial regalia by Guo Chaozhi, inspector of Jiangzhou. He scraped together two thousand more men, seized the emperor, and fled to Jiangling. Liu Yi, He Wuji, and Liu Daogui led the pursuit.
23
尚書左僕射王愉、愉子荊州刺史綏等，江左冠族。 綏少有重名，以高祖起自布衣，甚相凌忽。 綏，桓氏甥，亦有自疑之志。 高祖悉誅之。
Wang Yu, Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing, and his son Sui, inspector of Jingzhou, were great eastern clansmen. Sui was proud of his name and despised Gaozu as a man risen from the ranks. Sui was Huan Xuan's nephew by marriage and nursed his own suspicions. Gaozu had them all executed.
24
四月，奉武陵王遵為大將軍，承制。 大赦天下，唯桓玄一祖後不在赦例。
In the fourth month Prince Zun of Wuling was made Grand General with power to act by imperial commission. The empire was amnestied, except for the house of Huan Xuan.
25
初高祖家貧，嘗負刁逵社錢三萬，經時無以還。 逵執錄甚嚴，王謐造逵見之，密以錢代還，由是得釋。 高祖名微位薄，盛流皆不與相知，唯謐交焉。 桓玄將篡，謐手解安帝璽紱，為玄佐命功臣。 及義旗建，眾並謂謐宜誅，唯高祖保持之。 劉毅嘗因朝會，問謐璽紱所在，謐益懼。 及王愉父子誅，謐從弟諶謂謐曰：「王駒無罪，而義旗誅之，此是剪除勝己，以絕民望。 兄既桓氏黨附，名位如此，欲求免得乎？」 駒，愉小字也。 謐懼，奔于曲阿。 高祖牋白大將軍，深相保謐，迎還復位。 光祿勳卞承之、[13]左衞將軍褚粲、游擊將軍司馬秀役使官人，為御史中丞王禎之所糾察，謝牋言辭怨憤。 承之造司宜藏。 高祖與大將軍牋，白「粲等備位大臣，所懷必盡。 執憲不允，自應據理陳訴，而橫興怨忿，歸咎有司。 宜加裁當，以清風軌」。 並免官。
Gaozu had once been poor and owed Diao Kui thirty thousand in community funds, long unpaid. Kui pressed him hard. Wang Mi secretly repaid the debt for him and secured his release. Gaozu was unknown to the elite; only Mi befriended him. When Xuan prepared to usurp, Mi himself removed the emperor's seal and cord and served as his chief accomplice. When the loyalists rose, all demanded Mi's death. Gaozu alone shielded him. At court Liu Yi once demanded where the imperial seal was. Mi grew terrified. After Wang Yu and his son died, Mi's cousin Zhen warned him: "Ju was innocent, yet they killed him—to cut down any rival. You are Huan's man, with rank like yours—do you think you can escape? You are Huan's ally at such rank. Do you expect mercy?" Ju was Yu's childhood name. Mi fled in terror to Qu'e. Gaozu memorialized the Grand General, vouched for Mi, and brought him back to office. Bian Chengzhi,[13] Chu Can, and Sima Xiu abused subordinates. Wang Zhen the censor exposed them; their apologies were full of resentment. Chengzhi was sent to prison. Gaozu wrote the Grand General: "Can and the others are great ministers and should speak plainly. If the censors were wrong they should argue the law, not rage at the bench. Discipline them and restore order." All were dismissed.
26
桓玄兄子歆，[14]聚眾向歷陽，高祖命輔國將軍諸葛長民擊走之。 無忌、道規破玄大將郭銓等于桑落洲，[15]眾軍進據尋陽。 加高祖都督江州諸軍事。 玄既還荊郢，大聚兵眾，召水軍造樓船、器械，率眾二萬，挾天子發江陵，浮江東下，與冠軍將軍劉毅等相遇於崢嶸洲，眾軍下擊，大破之。 [16]玄棄眾，復挾天子還復江陵。 玄黨殷仲文奉晉二皇后還京師。 玄至江陵，因西走。 南郡太守王騰之、荊州別駕王康產奉天子入南郡府。 初征虜將軍、益州刺史毛璩，遣從孫祐之與參軍費恬送弟喪下，有眾二百。 璩弟子脩之時為玄屯騎校尉，[17]誘玄以入蜀。 至枚回洲，恬與祐之迎射之。 益州督護馮遷斬玄首，傳京師。 又斬玄子昇於江陵市。
Xuan's nephew Xin[14] raised troops toward Liyang. Gaozu sent Changmin and routed him. Wuji and Daogui destroyed Guo Qian at Sangluo Isle.[15] The army took Xunyang. Gaozu was made commander over Jiangzhou. Back in Jing and Ying, Xuan built a fleet, mustered twenty thousand men, seized the emperor, and sailed east. Liu Yi met him at Zhengrong Isle and destroyed him. [16] Xuan abandoned his army, seized the emperor again, and fled back to Jiangling. Yin Zhongwen, Xuan's ally, sent the two empresses back to the capital. At Jiangling Xuan turned west and ran. Wang Tengzhi of Nanjun and Wang Kangchan welcomed the emperor into the Nanjun yamen. Mao Jin of Yizhou had sent his cousin Youzhi and Fei Tian with two hundred men to escort a coffin downstream. Jin's nephew Xiuzhi, Xuan's colonel,[17] urged him into Shu. At Meihui Isle Tian and Youzhi ambushed him with bowshot. Feng Qian, Jin's supervisor, cut off Xuan's head and sent it to the capital. Xuan's son Sheng was beheaded in the Jiangling market.
27
初玄敗於崢嶸洲，義軍以為大事已定，追躡不速。 玄死幾一旬，眾軍猶不至。 玄從子振逃於華容之涌中，[18]招聚逆黨數千人，晨襲江陵城，居民競出赴之。 騰之、康產皆被殺。 桓謙先匿於沮川，亦聚眾以應。 振為玄舉哀，立喪廷。 謙率眾官奉璽綬于安帝。 無忌、道規既至江陵，與桓振戰于靈溪。 玄黨馮該又設伏于楊林，義軍奔敗，退還尋陽。
After Zhengrong Isle the loyalists thought the war was won and pursued slowly. Nearly ten days passed after Xuan's death before the army came up. Xuan's nephew Zhen hid in the Huarong marshes,[18] gathered thousands of rebels, and at dawn stormed Jiangling. The people rushed to join him. Tengzhi and Kangchan were killed. Huan Qian, in hiding at Juchuan, also raised men. Zhen mourned Xuan and set up a funeral hall. Qian led the officials to return the seal and cord to Emperor An. Wuji and Daogui fought Zhen at Lingxi. Feng Gai ambushed them at Yanglin. The loyalists were beaten back to Xunyang.
28
兗州刺史辛禺懷貳。 會北青州刺史劉該反，禺求征該，次淮陰，又反。 禺長史羊穆之斬禺，傳首京師。 十月，高祖領青州刺史。 甲仗百人入殿。
Xin Yu, inspector of Yanzhou, wavered in his loyalty. When Liu Gai of Qingzhou rebelled, Yu asked to suppress him, stopped at Huaiyin, and rebelled in turn. His chief clerk Yang Muzhi killed him and sent his head to the capital. In the tenth month Gaozu took Qingzhou as well. A hundred armored guards entered the palace hall.
29
劉毅諸軍復進至夏口。 毅攻魯城，道規攻偃月壘，皆拔之。 十二月，諸軍進平巴陵。
Liu Yi advanced again to Xiakou. Yi took Lucheng; Daogui took Yanyue fortress. In the twelfth month they pacified Baling.
30
義熙元年正月，毅等至江津，破桓謙、桓振，江陵平，天子反正。 三月，天子至自江陵。 詔曰：
In the first month of Yixi 1 (405) the army reached Jiangjin, defeated Qian and Zhen, pacified Jiangling, and the emperor was restored. In the third month the emperor returned from Jiangling. An edict proclaimed:
31
古稱大者天地，其次君臣，所以列貫三辰，神人代序，諒理本於造昧，而運周於萬葉。 故盈否時襲，四靈通其變，王道或昧，貞賢拯其危，天命所以永固，人心所以攸穆。 雖夏、周中傾，賴靡、申之績，莽、倫載竊，實二代是維。 或乘資藉號，或業隆異世，猶詩書以之休詠，記策用為美談。 未有因心撫民，而誠發理應，援神器於已淪，若在今之盛者也。
The ancients ranked Heaven and Earth first, lord and minister next. Thus the three lights run their course and gods and men take turns in rule—reason lies in the beginning of darkness, yet fortune turns through endless generations. Fortune and ruin come in seasons; the four spirits shift with them. When the royal way fails, loyal men save it—the Mandate endures and hearts find peace. Xia and Zhou faltered yet were saved by Mi and Shen; usurpers Mang and Lun stole the throne yet the dynasties survived. Some seized the moment, some flourished in another age—yet poetry praises them and histories tell their tales. Never has one who truly comforted the people and restored the sacred vessel from ruin shone as brightly as today.
32
朕以寡昧，遭家不造，越自遘閔，屬當屯極。 逆臣桓玄，乘釁縱慝，窮凶恣虐，滔天猾夏。 遂誣罔人神，肆其篡亂。 祖宗之基既湮，七廟之饗胥殄，若墜淵谷，未足斯譬。
We are slight and unlucky, born to a house in ruin, brought to the depths of calamity. The traitor Huan Xuan seized his chance and ran wild, cruel beyond measure, drowning the realm in blood. He deceived gods and men and usurped the throne. The ancestral foundation sank; the seven temples went hungry—like falling into an abyss, words fail.
33
皇度有晉，天縱英哲，使持節、都督揚徐兗豫青冀幽并江九州諸軍事、鎮軍將軍、徐青二州刺史，忠誠天亮，神武命世，用能貞明協契，義夫響臻。 故順聲一唱，二溟卷波，英風振路，宸居清翳。 暨冠軍將軍毅、輔國將軍無忌、振武將軍道規，舟旗遄邁，而元凶傳首，回戈疊揮，則荊、漢霧廓。 俾宣、元之祚，永固於嵩、岱，傾基重造，再集於朕躬。 宗廟歆七百之祜，皇基融載新之命。 念功惟德，永言銘懷。 固已道冠開闢，獨絕終古，書契以來，未之前聞矣。 雖則功高靡尚，理至難文，而崇庸命德，哲王攸先者，將以弘道制治，深關盛衰。 故伊、望膺殊命之錫，桓、文饗備物之禮，況宏徵不世，顧邈百代者，宜極名器之隆，以光大國之盛。 而鎮軍謙虛自衷，誠旨屢顯，朕重逆仲父，乃所以愈彰德美也。 鎮軍可進位侍中、車騎將軍、都督中外諸軍事，使持節、徐、青二州刺史如故。 顯祚大邦，啟茲疆宇。
Yet Jin has Heaven's favor and a hero: bearer of the staff, commander of nine provinces, General Who Pacifies the Army—loyal as daylight, martial as fate—men of righteousness flocked to him. At his call the realm surged like the sea; his fame cleared the throne of shadow. Yi, Wuji, and Daogui swept downriver; the traitor's head was taken; Jing and Han were cleared. The fortunes of Jin are secured again on sacred mountains; the throne is rebuilt in our hands. The temples breathe again; the throne receives a new Mandate. His merit will be remembered forever. His achievement crowns the age, unmatched since records began. Though words cannot compass such merit, wise kings reward virtue to bind fortune to the state. Yi and Wang received extraordinary gifts; Huan and Wen full honors—how much more this man, who spans the ages—should receive the highest rank to glorify the realm. The Pacifier of the Army is modest, refusing again and again; by pressing him we only show his virtue the brighter. Let the Pacifier of the Army be Palace Attendant, General of Chariots and Cavalry, commander of all armies, bearer of the staff, inspector of Xu and Qing, as before. May his fortune enlarge the state and open new borders.
34
高祖固讓。 加錄尚書事，又不受，屢請歸藩。 天子不許，遣百僚敦勸，又親幸公第。 高祖惶懼詣闕陳請，天子不能奪。 是月，旋鎮丹徒。 天子重遣大使敦勸，又不受。 乃改授都督荊、司、梁、益、寧、雍、涼七州，并前十六州諸軍事，本官如故。 於是受命解青州，加領兗州刺史。
Gaozu refused. They made him Recorder of the Masters of Writing; he refused again and asked to retire to his fief. The emperor would not allow it, sent officials to urge him, and visited his house in person. Gaozu went to court in feigned alarm to plead his case; the emperor could not refuse him. That month he withdrew to Dantu. The emperor sent another grand envoy; again Gaozu refused. He was given command over seven more provinces on top of his sixteen, with all other titles unchanged. He accepted, gave up Qingzhou, and took Yanzhou as well.
35
盧循浮海破廣州，獲刺史吳隱之。 即以循為廣州刺史，以其同黨徐道覆為始興相。
Lu Xun sailed in, seized Guangzhou, and captured Inspector Wu Yinzhi. He made Xun inspector of Guangzhou and his ally Xu Daofu administrator of Shixing.
36
二年三月，督交、廣二州。 十月，高祖上言曰：「昔天禍皇室，巨狡縱篡，臣等義惟舊隸，豫蒙國恩，仰契信順之符，俯厲人臣之憤，雖社稷之靈，抑亦事由眾濟。 其翼獎忠懃之佐，文武畢力之士，敷執在己之謙，用虧國體之大。 輒申攝眾軍先上，[19]同謀起義，始平京口、廣陵二城，臣及撫軍將軍毅等二百七十二人，并後赴義出都緣道大戰，所餘一千五百六十六人，又輔國將軍長民、故給事中王元德等十人，合一千八百四十八人，乞正封賞。 其西征眾軍，須論集續上。」 於是尚書奏封唱義謀主鎮軍將軍裕豫章郡公，食邑萬戶，賜絹三萬匹。 其餘封賞各有差。 鎮軍府佐吏，降故太傅謝安府一等。
In the third month of the second year he was made commander over Jiao and Guang. In the tenth month Gaozu memorialized: "When heaven struck the throne, the great traitor usurped power. We old servants of Jin, grateful for grace, rose in loyal fury. The altars helped us, but the people carried the day. We have been too modest about rewarding the loyal, to the state's hurt. We beg leave to register first the armies of the rising:[19] the two hundred seventy-two who took Jingkou and Guangling, including Yi and myself; the one thousand five hundred sixty-six who fought along the road; Changmin and Yuande and ten more—one thousand eight hundred forty-eight in all—deserving enfeoffment and reward. The western armies will be listed in a later memorial. The Masters of Writing recommended enfeoffing Yu, chief of the plot, as Duke of Yuzhang with ten thousand households and thirty thousand bolts of silk. Others were rewarded in due proportion. His staff were ranked one grade below Xie An's former grand tutorship.
37
十一月，天子重申前令，加高祖侍中，進號車騎將軍、開府儀同三司。 固讓。 詔遣百僚敦勸。
In the eleventh month the emperor again offered him Palace Attendant, General of Chariots and Cavalry, and the Three Excellencies rites. He refused again. The court sent officials to press him.
38
三年二月，高祖還京師，將詣廷尉，天子先詔獄官不得受，詣闕陳讓，乃見聽。 旋于丹徒。
In the second month of the third year he returned to the capital. He pretended to submit to the Minister of Justice; the emperor forbade the prison to accept him. He declined at court and was excused. He went back to Dantu.
39
閏月，府將駱冰謀作亂，將被執，單騎走，追斬之。 誅冰父永嘉太守球。 球本東陽郡史，孫恩之亂，起義於長山，故見擢用。 初桓玄之敗，以桓冲忠貞，署其孫胤。 至是冰謀以胤為主，與東陽太守殷仲文潛相連結。 乃誅仲文及仲文二弟。 凡桓玄餘黨，至是皆誅夷。
In the intercalary month his officer Luo Bing rebelled, fled on horseback, and was run down and killed. His father Qiu, administrator of Yongjia, was executed. Qiu had been a Dongyang clerk who rose against Sun En at Changshan and was promoted for it. After Xuan's first defeat he had appointed Chong's grandson Yin, honoring Chong's loyalty. Bing meant to set Yin on the throne and conspired with Yin Zhongwen of Dongyang. Zhongwen and his two brothers were executed. The last of Xuan's faction were wiped out.
40
天子遣兼太常葛籍授公策曰：「有扈滔天，夷羿乘釁，亂節干紀，實橈皇極。 賊臣桓玄，怙寵肆逆，乃摧傾華、霍，倒拔嵩、岱，五嶽既夷，六地易所。 公命世英縱，藏器待時，因心資敬，誓雪國恥，慨憤陵夷，誠發宵寐。 既而歲月屢遷，神器已遠，忠孝幽寄，實貫三靈。 爾乃介石勝機，宣契畢舉，訴蒼天以為正，揮義旅而一驅。 奔鋒數百，勢烈激電，百萬不能抗限，制路日直植城。 [20]遂使衝鯨潰流，暴鱗江漢，廟勝遠加，重氛載滌，二儀廓清，三光反照，事遂永代，功高開闢，理微稱謂，義感朕心。 若夫道為身濟，猶縻厥爵，況乃誠德俱深，勳冠天人者乎。 是用建茲邦國，永祚山河，言念載懷，匪云足報。 往欽哉！ 俾屏余一人，長弼皇晉，流風垂祚，暉烈無窮。 其降承嘉策，對敭朕命。」
The emperor sent Ge Ji with the ducal mandate: "Youhu defied heaven; Yi of Xia seized his chance—they overturned order and shook the throne. The traitor Xuan, drunk on favor, overthrew the pillars of state as if uprooting sacred mountains. You, hero of the age, hid your talent until the hour came, swore to wipe out national shame, and burned with loyalty night and day. Years passed; the throne was lost; your loyalty reached heaven itself. You seized the moment, appealed to heaven, and swept the traitors in one charge. Your spears charged like lightning; a million men could not stop you; the road to the capital lay open. [20] You broke the rebel flood, cleared the Jiang and Han, restored the realm, and lit the three lights again—merit greater than the founding of an age. Our heart is moved. If even lesser service wins rank, how much more yours, which crowns heaven and earth. We establish this state upon you forever; no reward can repay you. Go forth in reverence! Support us, uphold Jin, and let your glory endure without end. Receive this mandate and answer Our command."
41
十二月，司徒、錄尚書、揚州刺史王謐薨。
In the twelfth month Wang Mi died.
42
四年正月，徵公入輔，授侍中、車騎將軍、開府儀同三司、揚州刺史、錄尚書，徐兗二州刺史如故。 表解兗州。 先是遣冠軍劉敬宣伐蜀賊譙縱，無功而返。 九月，以敬宣挫退，遜位，不許。 乃降為中軍將軍，開府如故。
In the first month of the fourth year the Duke was called to court as Palace Attendant, General of Chariots and Cavalry, with Three Excellencies rites, Yangzhou, and the recorder's post. He resigned Yanzhou. Earlier Liu Jingxuan had failed in an expedition against Qiao Zong in Shu. In the ninth month Jingxuan offered to resign after his defeat; the court refused. He was demoted to General of the Central Army with his staff unchanged.
43
初偽燕王鮮卑慕容德僭號於青州，德死，兄子超襲位，前後屢為邊患。 五年二月，大掠淮北，執陽平太守劉千載、濟南太守趙元，驅略千餘家。 三月，公抗表北討，以丹陽尹孟昶監中軍留府事。 四月，舟師發京都，泝淮入泗。 五月，至下邳，留船艦輜重，步軍進琅邪。 所過皆築城留守。 鮮卑梁父、莒城二戍並奔走。
The Xianbei Murong De had set up as Yan king in Qingzhou. When he died, his nephew Chao succeeded and raided the borders repeatedly. In the fifth month of the fifth year Chao raided north of the Huai, taking two administrators and more than a thousand families. In the third month the Duke memorialized for a northern campaign and left Meng Chang to guard the capital. In the fourth month the fleet left the capital and sailed up the Huai into the Si. In the fifth month they reached Xiapi, left the ships, and marched into Langye. They fortified every place they passed and left garrisons. The garrisons at Liangfu and Ju fled.
44
慕容超聞王師將至，其大將公孫五樓說超：「宜斷據大峴，刈除粟苗，堅壁清野以待之。 彼僑軍無資，求戰不得，旬月之間，折棰以笞之耳。」 超不從，曰：「彼遠來疲勞，勢不能久，但當引令過峴，我以鐵騎踐之，不憂不破也。 豈有預芟苗稼，先自䠞弱邪。」 初公將行，議者以為賊聞大軍遠出，必不敢戰，若不斷大峴，當堅守廣固，刈粟清野，以絕三軍之資，非唯難以有功，將不能自反。 公曰：「我揣之熟矣。 鮮卑貪，[21]不及遠計，進利剋獲，退惜粟苗。 謂我孤軍遠入，不能持久，不過進據臨朐，退守廣固。 我一得入峴，則人無退心，驅必死之眾，向懷貳之虜，何憂不剋。 彼不能清野固守，為諸君保之。」 公既入峴，舉手指天曰：「吾事濟矣！」
Chao's general Wulou advised: "Hold the Great Pass, burn the crops, and starve them out. They have no supplies. In ten days you can whip them with a stick." Chao refused: "They are tired from the march. Let them through the pass, then my cavalry will crush them. Why burn our own grain first and weaken ourselves?" Before the march, advisers warned that the enemy would hold Guanggu, burn the fields, and starve the army out. The Duke said, "I have weighed it carefully. The Xianbei are greedy[21] and shortsighted. They want booty now and hate to burn their own fields. They think we cannot endure a long campaign—only advance to Linqu or fall back to Guanggu. Once we are through the pass, our men will not retreat. We will drive desperate soldiers against wavering foes. How can we fail? They will not burn the fields. I stake my word on it." Inside the pass he pointed to heaven: "Victory is mine!"
45
六月，慕容超遣五樓及廣寧王賀賴盧先據臨朐城。 既聞大軍至，留羸老守廣固，乃悉出。 臨朐有巨蔑水，去城四十里。 超告五樓曰：「急往據之，晉軍得水，則難擊也。」 五樓馳進。 龍驤將軍孟龍符領騎居前，奔往爭之，五樓乃退。
In the sixth month Chao sent Wulou and Helai Lu to hold Linqu. Hearing the army had come, he left the weak in Guanggu and marched out in force. Forty li from Linqu lay the Jumie River. Chao told Wulou, "Seize the river. If the Jin army gets water, they are hard to fight." Wulou raced ahead. Meng Longfu led the cavalry vanguard to seize it first. Wulou fell back.
46
眾軍步進，有車四千兩，分車為兩翼，方軌徐行，車悉張幔，御者執矟。 又以輕騎為遊軍。 軍令嚴肅，行伍齊整。 未及臨朐數里，賊鐵騎萬餘，前後交至。 公命兗州刺史劉藩、弟并州刺史道憐、諮議參軍劉敬宣、陶延壽、參軍劉懷玉、慎仲道、索邈等，齊力擊之。 日向昃，公遣諮議參軍檀韶直趨臨朐。 詔率建威將軍向彌、參軍胡藩馳往，即日陷城，斬其牙旗，悉虜超輜重。 超聞臨朐已拔，引眾走，公親鼓之，賊乃大奔。 超遁還廣固。 獲超馬、偽輦、玉璽、豹尾等，送于京師。 斬其大將段暉等十餘人，其餘斬獲千計。
Four thousand carts advanced on foot in two wings, curtains drawn, drivers gripping spears. Light cavalry screened the flanks. Discipline was iron; the ranks never broke. Several li short of Linqu, ten thousand enemy horsemen struck front and rear. The Duke sent Liu Fan, Daoling, Jingxuan, Huaiyu, and others to hit them with everything they had. Toward evening he sent Tan Shao straight at Linqu. Shao with Xiang Mi and Hu Fan took the city that day, struck down its banner, and seized Chao's baggage train. Chao fled when he heard Linqu had fallen. The Duke beat the drums himself and the enemy broke. Chao ran back to Guanggu. They took his horses, false imperial carriage, seal, and regalia and sent them to the capital. They killed General Duan Hui and ten others; thousands more were killed or captured.
47
明日，大軍進廣固，即屠大城，超退保小城。 於是設長圍守之，圍高三丈，外穿三重塹。 停江、淮轉輸，館穀於齊土。 撫納降附，華戎歡悅，援才授爵，因而任之。 七月，詔加公北青、冀二州刺史。 超大將垣遵、遵弟苗並率眾歸順。 公方治攻具，城上人曰：「汝不得張綱，何能為也。」 綱者，超偽尚書郎，其人有巧思。 會超遣綱稱藩於姚興，乞師請救。 興偽許之，而實憚公，不敢遣。 綱從長安還，泰山太守申宣執送之。 及升綱於樓車，[22]以示城內，城內莫不失色。 於是使綱大治攻具。 超求救不獲，綱反見虜，轉憂懼。 乃請稱藩，求割大峴為界，獻馬千疋。 不聽，圍之轉急。 河北居民荷戈負糧至者，日以千數。
The next day they reached Guanggu, stormed the outer city, and Chao shut himself in the inner citadel. They laid a siege with a three-zhang wall and three rings of ditches. They cut the Jiang-Huai supply line and stored grain in Qi. Surrenders were welcomed; Chinese and barbarians alike rejoiced; talent was promoted and employed. In the seventh month he was given northern Qing and Ji as well. Chao's generals Yuan Zun and Miao submitted with their troops. While siege engines were being built, men on the wall mocked: "Without Zhang Gang, what can you do?" Gang was Chao's engineering officer, a man of ingenious skill. Chao sent Gang to Yao Xing to beg for aid. Xing promised falsely but feared the Duke and sent no one. Gang was returning from Chang'an when Shen Xuan of Taishan seized him. They raised Gang on a siege tower[22] for the garrison to see. The city went pale. Then they set Gang to building assault machines. Rescue never came; Gang was captured; Chao grew desperate. He offered to submit, cede the Great Pass, and send a thousand horses. The Duke refused. The siege tightened. Each day thousands from north of the He came with arms and grain to help.
48
錄事參軍劉穆之，有經略才具，公以為謀主，動止必諮焉。 時姚興遣使告公云：「慕容見與隣好，又以窮告急，今當遣鐵騎十萬，逕據洛陽。 晉軍若不退者，便當遣鐵騎長驅而進。」 公呼興使答曰：「語汝姚興，我定燕之後，息甲三年，當平關、洛。 今能自送，便可速來。」 穆之聞有羌使，馳入，而公發遣已去。 以興所言并答，具語穆之。 穆之尤公曰：「常日事無大小，必賜與謀之。 此宜善詳之，云何卒爾便答。 公所答興言，未能威敵，正足怒彼耳。 若燕未可拔，羌救奄至，不審何以待之？」 公笑曰：「此是兵機，非卿所解，故不語耳。 夫兵貴神速，彼若審能遣救，必畏我知，寧容先遣信命。 此是其見我伐燕，內已懷懼，自張之辭耳。」
Liu Muzhi, a gifted strategist, became his chief adviser; every move passed through him. Yao Xing sent word: "Chao is my ally and begs help. I will send a hundred thousand horsemen to take Luoyang. If your army does not withdraw, they will ride straight for you." The Duke had the messenger told: "Tell Yao Xing: when Yan falls I shall rest three years, then take Guan and Luo. If he wants to save himself, let him come at once." Muzhi heard of the envoy and rushed in, but the Duke had already dismissed him. The Duke told Muzhi what had been said and answered. Muzhi reproached him: "You always consult me on every matter. This deserved careful thought. Why answer in haste? Your words will not frighten him—only provoke him. If Yan holds out and Qiang aid comes, what then?" The Duke smiled. "That is military craft—not for you. That is why I did not tell you. War prizes speed. If he meant to send troops, he would not announce it first. He sees us on Yan and is already afraid. This is bluster."
49
九月，進公太尉、中書監，固讓。
In the ninth month he was offered Grand Marshal and Supervisor of the Masters of Writing. He refused.
50
偽徐州刺史段宏先奔索虜，十月，自河北歸順。 [23]
Duan Hong, false inspector of Xuzhou, had fled north; in the tenth month he submitted. Textual annotation marker 23.
51
張綱治攻具成，設諸奇巧，飛樓木幔之屬，莫不畢備。 城上火石弓矢，無所用之。 六年二月丁亥，屠廣固。 超踰城走，征虜賊曹喬胥獲之，殺其王公以下，[24]納口萬餘，馬二千疋，送超京師，斬于建康市。
Gang finished the siege machines—flying towers, screens, every device. Stones and arrows on the walls availed nothing. On dinghai in the second month of the sixth year Guanggu fell. Chao fled over the wall and was taken by Qiaoxu. The royal clan was slaughtered;[24] ten thousand captives and two thousand horses were taken. Chao was sent to Jiankang and beheaded.
52
公之北伐也，徐道覆仍有窺窬之志，勸盧循乘虛而出，循不從。 道覆乃至番禺說循曰：「本住嶺外，豈以理極於此，正以劉公難與為敵故也。 今方頓兵堅城之下，[25]未有旋日。 以此思歸死士，掩襲何、劉之徒，如反掌耳。 不乘此機而保一日之安，若平齊之後，小息甲養眾，不過一二年間，必璽書徵君。 若劉公自率眾至豫章，遣銳師過嶺，雖復將軍神武，恐必不能當也。 今日之機，萬不可失。 既剋都邑，傾其根本，劉公雖還，無能為也。」 循從之，乃率眾過嶺。 是月，寇南康、廬陵、豫章，諸郡守皆委任奔走。 于時平齊問未至，即馳使徵公。 公之初剋齊也，欲停鎮下邳，清盪河、洛，既而被徵使至，即日班師。
While the Duke campaigned north, Xu Daofu urged Lu Xun to strike the empty south. Xun refused. Daofu went to Panyu and said: "We came from beyond the ranges. Liu is too strong to fight while he sits on Yan. He is stuck before a strong wall[25] with no quick end in sight. Rally the homesick soldiers and strike He and Liu—it would be easy. Miss this chance and when Qi falls he will rest, then summon you within a year or two. If Liu comes to Yuzhang and sends veterans over the mountains, even you cannot stand. This day will not come again. Take the capital and cut their root, and Liu can do nothing even if he returns." Xun agreed and crossed the mountains. That month they ravaged Nankang, Luling, and Yuzhang. Every administrator fled. Before news of victory in Qi arrived, messengers raced to recall the Duke. After taking Qi he had meant to hold Xiapi and sweep the north; the summons came and he marched back the same day.
53
鎮南將軍何無忌與徐道覆戰于豫章，敗績，無忌被害。 內外震駭。 朝廷欲奉乘輿北走就公，尋知賊定未至，人情小安。 公至下邳，以船運輜重，自率精銳步歸。 至山陽，聞無忌被害，則慮京邑失守，乃卷甲兼行，與數十人至淮上，問行旅以朝廷消息。 人曰：「賊尚未至，劉公若還，便無所憂也。」 公大喜，單船過江，逕至京口，眾乃大安。 四月癸未，公至京師，解嚴息甲。
He Wuji fought Daofu at Yuzhang, was beaten, and killed. Court and country were terrified. The court thought of fleeing north to the Duke; then learned the rebels had not reached the capital and hearts steadied slightly. At Xiapi he sent baggage by boat and marched home with elite infantry. At Shanyang he heard Wuji was dead and feared the capital had fallen. He forced the march to the Huai and asked travelers for news. They said, "The rebels have not taken the city. If the Duke returns, all is well." He rejoiced, crossed in one boat to Jingkou, and the people took heart. On guimao in the fourth month he reached the capital, ended the alarm, and rested the troops.
54
撫軍將軍劉毅抗表南征，公與毅書曰：「吾往習擊妖賊，曉其變態，新獲姦利，其鋒不可輕。 宜須裝嚴畢，與弟同舉。」 又遣毅從弟藩往止之。 毅不從，舟師二萬，發自姑孰。 循之初下也，使道覆向尋陽，自寇湘中諸郡。 荊州刺史道規遣軍至長沙，為循所敗。 逕至巴陵，將向江陵。 道覆聞毅上，馳使報循曰：「毅兵眾甚盛，成敗事係之於此，宜并力摧之。 若此克捷，天下無復事矣。 根本既定，不憂上面不平也。」 循即日發巴陵，與道覆連旗而下。 別有八艚艦九枚，起四層，高十二丈。 公以南藩覆沒，表送章綬，詔不聽。 五月，劉毅敗績于桑落洲，棄船步走，餘眾不得去者，皆為賊所擒。
Liu Yi asked to march south. The Duke wrote: "I know these rebels. Fresh from victory, they are dangerous. Wait until you are ready and go with your cousin." He sent Yi's cousin Fan to restrain him. Yi would not listen. Twenty thousand men sailed from Gushu. Xun sent Daofu to Xunyang and raided Hunan himself. Daogui sent troops to Changsha and was beaten. Xun pushed on to Baling and aimed at Jiangling. Daofu heard Yi was coming and urged Xun: "Yi is strong. Everything hangs on beating him now. Win here and the realm is yours. Secure the base and the upper Yangzi will follow." Xun left Baling the same day and sailed down with linked banners. Eight nine-deck tower ships rose four stories, twelve zhang high. After the southern disaster he offered to resign; the emperor refused. In the fifth month Yi was destroyed at Sangluo Isle. Survivors were taken.
55
初循至尋陽，聞公已還，不信也。 既破毅，乃審凱入之問，並相視失色。 循欲退還尋陽，進平江陵，據二州以抗朝廷。 道覆謂宜乘勝徑進，固爭之。 疑議多日，乃見從。
At Xunyang Xun heard the Duke had returned and did not believe it. After beating Yi he learned it was true. Faces fell. Xun wanted to fall back to Xunyang and hold Jing with Jiangling. Daofu insisted they press the attack. After days of argument Xun agreed.
56
毅敗問至，內外洶擾。 于時北師始還，多創痍疾病。 京師戰士，不盈數千。 賊既破江、豫二鎮，戰士十餘萬，舟車百里不絕。 奔敗還者，並聲其雄盛。 孟昶、諸葛長民懼寇漸逼，欲擁天子過江，公不聽，昶固請不止。 公曰：「今重鎮外傾，強寇內逼，人情危駭，莫有固志。 若一旦遷動，便自瓦解土崩，江北亦豈可得至！ 設令得至，不過延日月耳。 今兵士雖少，自足以一戰。 若其克濟，則臣主同休； 苟厄運必至，我當以死衞社稷，橫尸廟門，遂其由來以身許國之志，不能遠竄於草間求活也。 我計決矣，卿勿復言！」 昶恐其不濟，乃為表曰：「臣裕北討，眾並不同，唯臣贊裕行計，致使強賊乘間，社稷危逼，臣之罪也。 今謹引分以謝天下。」 封表畢，乃仰藥而死。
News of Yi's defeat threw the court into panic. The northern army had just returned, wounded and sick. The capital had only a few thousand fit fighters. The rebels had a hundred thousand men and a hundred li of ships. Fugitives magnified their strength. Chang and Changmin wanted to move the emperor across the river. The Duke refused. He said, "The borders have fallen and a great enemy is at the gates. Panic would destroy us. Flee now and we collapse. We would never reach the north bank. Even if we did, it would only buy days. We are few but enough for one fight. Win, and lord and minister survive together. If fate turns against us, I die at the temple gates as I always vowed. I will not skulk in the grass for life. My mind is made. Say no more." Chang, fearing defeat, memorialized: "I alone urged the northern campaign. The realm is in peril through my fault. I beg leave to atone with my life." He sealed the memorial and took poison.
57
於是大開賞募，投身赴義者，一同登京城之科。 發居民治石頭城，建牙戒嚴。 時議者謂宜分兵守諸津要。 公以為：「賊眾我寡，若分兵屯，則人測虛實。 且一處失利，則沮三軍之心。 今聚眾石頭，隨宜應赴，既令賊無以測多少，又於眾力不分。 若徒旅轉集，徐更論之耳。」 移屯石頭，乃柵淮斷查浦。 既而羣賊大至，公策之曰：「賊若於新亭直進，其鋒不可當，宜且回避，勝負之事，未可量也。 若回泊西岸，此成擒耳。」
Rewards were posted; volunteers won the same honors as storming the wall. Citizens repaired Shitou; the army was called to arms. Advisers wanted to split forces among the passes. The Duke said, "They are many, we few. Split forces and they see our weakness. One defeat breaks every heart. Mass at Shitou and strike where needed. They cannot count us, and we stay strong. When more troops gather, we can adjust." He moved to Shitou and fortified the Huai line at Zhapu. When the rebels came he judged: "If they land at Xinting we cannot stop them. If they moor west of the river, we take them. If they moor west of the river, they are ours."
58
道覆欲自新亭、白石焚舟而上。 循多疑少決，每欲以萬全為慮，謂道覆曰：「大軍未至，孟昶便望風自裁，大勢言之，自當計日潰亂。 今決勝負於一朝，既非必定之道，且殺傷士卒，不如按兵待之。」 公于時登石頭城以望循軍，初見引向新亭，公顧左右失色。 既而回泊蔡洲。 道覆猶欲上，循禁之。 自是眾軍轉集，修治越城，築查浦、藥園、廷尉三壘，皆守以實眾。 冠軍將軍劉敬宣屯北郊，輔國將軍孟懷玉屯丹陽郡西，建武將軍王仲德屯越城，廣武將軍劉懷默屯建陽門外。 [26]使寧朔將軍索邈領鮮卑具裝虎班突騎千餘匹，皆被練五色，自淮北至于新亭。 賊並聚觀，咸畏憚之； 然猶冀京邑及三吳有應之者。 遣十餘艦來拔石頭柵，公命神弩射之，發輒摧陷，循乃止不復攻柵。 設伏兵於南岸，使羸老悉乘舟艦向白石。 公憂其從白石步上，乃率劉毅、諸葛長民北出拒之，留參軍徐赤特戍南岸，命堅守勿動。 公既去，賊焚查浦步上，赤特軍戰敗，死沒有百餘人。 赤特棄餘眾，單舸濟淮。 賊遂率數萬屯丹陽郡。 公率諸軍馳歸。 眾憂賊過，咸謂公當徑還拒戰。 公先分軍還石頭，眾莫之曉。 解甲息士，洗浴飲食之，乃出列陳於南塘。 以赤特違處分，斬之。 命參軍褚叔度、朱齡石率勁勇千餘人過淮。 [27]羣賊數千，皆長刀矛鋋，精甲曜日，奮躍爭進。 齡石所領多鮮卑，善步矟，並結陳以待之。 賊短兵弗能抗，死傷者數百人，乃退走。 會日莫，眾亦歸。
Daofu wanted to land at Xinting and Baishi and burn their boats. Xun was timid. He told Daofu: "The capital will collapse on its own. Why fight today and waste men? Better wait than gamble a morning battle." The Duke watched from Shitou. When the fleet turned toward Xinting, his officers paled. Then they swung to Caizhou. Daofu still wanted to land. Xun forbade it. Reinforcements gathered. They fortified Yuecheng, Zhapu, Yaoyuan, and Tingwei. Jingxuan held the north suburb, Huaiyu west of Danyang, Zhongde Yuecheng, Huaimo Jianyang Gate. [26] He sent Suo Miao with a thousand armored Xianbei lancers in five-colored white silk from the north to Xinting. The rebels watched in awe; yet still hoped the capital and Wu would rise for them. They tried to pull up the Shitou stakes. Crossbows smashed their ships. Xun gave up. He hid troops on the south bank and sent weak men in boats toward Baishi. Fearing a landing at Baishi, he took Yi and Changmin north, leaving Xu Chite on the south bank with orders to hold. Once he left, the rebels burned Zhapu and crossed. Chite was beaten; a hundred died. Chite fled alone across the Huai. The rebels camped tens of thousands at Danyang. The Duke raced his army back. Men thought the rebels had passed and urged him to turn and fight at once. He sent part of the force back to Shitou first. No one understood. He let the men rest, wash, and eat, then formed them on the south embankment. He executed Chite for disobeying orders. He sent Chu Shudu and Zhu Lingshi with a thousand picked men across the Huai. [27] Several thousand rebels came with long blades and bright armor, charging in the sun. Lingshi's men were mostly Xianbei spearmen in tight formation. Short weapons failed them. Hundreds fell. They fled. At dusk both sides withdrew.
59
劉毅之敗，豫州主簿袁興國反叛，據歷陽以應賊。 琅邪內史魏順之遣將謝寶討斬之。 興國司馬襲寶，順之不救而退，公怒斬之。 順之，詠之之弟也。 於是功臣震懾，莫敢不用命。
After Yi's defeat, Yuan Xingguo of Yuzhou rebelled and held Liyang for the rebels. Wei Shunzhi sent Xie Bao, who killed him. Xingguo's officer struck Bao; Shunzhi would not help and retreated. The Duke had Shunzhi executed. Shunzhi was Yongzhi's brother. The great ministers were terrified into obedience.
60
六月，更授公太尉、中書監，加黃鉞。 受黃鉞，餘固辭。 以司馬庾悅為建威將軍、江州刺史，自東陽出豫章。
In the sixth month he was again offered Grand Marshal, supervisor of the Masters of Writing, and the yellow axe. He took the axe but refused the rest. Yu Yue was sent as inspector of Jiangzhou from Dongyang toward Yuzhang.
61
七月庚申，羣賊自蔡洲南走，還屯尋陽。 遣輔國將軍王仲德、廣川太守劉鍾、河間太守蒯恩追之。 公還東府，大治水軍，皆大艦重樓，高者十餘丈。 盧循遣其大將荀林寇江陵，[28]桓謙先於江陵奔羌，又自羌入蜀，偽主譙縱以為荊州刺史。 謙及譙道福率軍二萬，出寇江陵，適與林會，相去百餘里。 荊州刺史道規斬謙于枝江，破林於江津，追至竹町斬之。
On gengshen in the seventh month the rebels left Caizhou and camped again at Xunyang. He sent Zhongde, Liu Zhong, and Kuai En in pursuit. Back at headquarters he built a great fleet of tower ships ten zhang high. Xun sent Xun Lin against Jiangling.[28] Huan Qian had fled to the Qiang and then to Shu, where Qiao Zong made him inspector of Jingzhou. Qian and Qiao Daofu marched twenty thousand men on Jiangling and met Lin a hundred li away. Daogui killed Qian at Zhijiang, beat Lin at Jiangjin, and hunted him down at Zhuting.
62
初循之走也，公知其必寇江陵，登遣淮陵內史索邈領馬軍步道援荊州。 又遣建威將軍孫季高率眾三千，自海道襲番禺。 江州刺史庾悅至五畝嶠，賊遣千餘人據斷嶠道，悅前驅鄱陽太守虞丘進攻破之。 公治兵大辦。 十月，率兗州刺史劉藩、寧朔將軍檀韶等舟師南伐。 以後將軍劉毅監太尉留守府，後事皆委焉。
Knowing Xun would threaten Jiangling, he had sent Suo Miao overland to aid Jingzhou. He sent Sun Jigao with three thousand men by sea against Panyu. Yu Yue reached Wumu Pass; rebels blocked the road; Jin broke through. Preparations for the campaign were complete. In the tenth month he sailed south with Fan, Shao, and the fleet. Liu Yi was left to guard the capital with full authority.
63
是月，徐道覆率眾三萬寇江陵。 荊州刺史道規又大破之，斬首萬餘級，道覆走還盆口。 初公之遣索邈也，邈在道為賊所斷，道覆敗後方達。 自循東下，江陵斷絕京邑之問，傳者皆云已沒。 及邈至，方知循走。
That month Daofu struck Jiangling with thirty thousand men. Daogui routed him again, took ten thousand heads, and drove Daofu back to Penkou. Suo Miao had been cut off on the road and arrived only after Daofu's defeat. While Xun was downstream, word said Jiangling had fallen. Miao's arrival brought the truth: Xun had fled.
64
循初自蔡洲南走，留其親黨范崇民五千人，高艦百餘，戍南陵。 王仲德等聞大軍且至，乃進攻之。 十一月，大破崇民軍，焚其舟艦，收其散卒。
Fleeing south, Xun left Fan Chongmin with five thousand men and a hundred ships at Nanling. Zhongde attacked when the main fleet approached. In the eleventh month they destroyed Chongmin, burned his fleet, and gathered survivors.
65
循廣州守兵，不以海道為防。 是月，建威將軍孫季高乘海奄至，而城池峻整，兵猶數千。 季高焚賊舟艦，悉力而上，四面攻之，即日屠其城。 循父以輕舟奔始興。 季高撫其舊民，戮其親黨，勒兵謹守。 初公之遣季高也，眾咸以海道艱遠，必至為難； 且分撤見力，二三非要。 公不從。 敕季高曰：「大軍十二月之交，必破妖虜。 卿今時當至廣州，傾其巢窟，令賊奔走之日，無所歸投。」 季高受命而行，如期剋捷。
Guangzhou never expected an attack by sea. That month Jigao appeared by sea. The city was strong, with thousands of defenders. Jigao burned the fleet, stormed on every side, and took the city the same day. Xun's father escaped by boat to Shixing. Jigao pacified the people, killed Xun's kin, and held the city. When Jigao was sent, all said the sea route was too risky. Splitting forces seemed unwise. The Duke refused to listen. He told Jigao: "By mid-twelfth month I will break the rebels. Reach Guangzhou on time and destroy their base so they have nowhere to run." Jigao obeyed and took the city on schedule.
66
循方治兵旅舟艦，設諸攻備。 公欲御以長算，乃屯軍雷池。 賊揚聲不攻雷池，當乘流逕下。 公知其欲戰，且慮賊戰敗，或於京江入海，遣王仲德以水艦二百於吉陽下斷之。 十二月，循、道覆率眾數萬，方艦而下，前後相抗，莫見舳艫之際。 公悉出輕利鬭艦，躬提幡鼓，命眾軍齊力擊之。 又上步騎於西岸。 右軍參軍庾樂生乘艦不進，斬而徇之。 於是眾軍並踊騰爭先。 軍中多萬鈞神弩，所至莫不摧陷。 公中流蹙之，因風水之勢，賊艦悉泊西岸。 岸上軍先備火具，[29]乃投火焚之，煙爓張天，賊眾大敗，追奔至夜乃歸。 循等還尋陽。 初分遣步軍，莫不疑怪，及燒賊艦，眾乃悅服。 召王仲德，請還為前驅。 留輔國將軍孟懷玉守雷池。 循聞大軍上，欲走向豫章，乃悉力柵斷左里。 大軍至左里，將戰，公所執麾竿折，折幡沈水，眾並怪懼。 公歡笑曰：「往年覆舟之戰，幡竿亦折，今者復然，賊必破矣。」 即攻柵而進。 遁兵雖殊死戰，弗能禁。 諸軍乘勝奔之，循單舸走。 所殺及投水死，凡萬餘人。 納其降附，宥其逼略。 遣劉藩、孟懷玉輕軍追之。 循收散卒，尚有數千人，逕還廣州。 道覆還保始興。 公旋自左里。 天子遣侍中、黃門勞師于行所。
Xun was still fitting out ships and siege gear. The Duke camped at Leichi to wear them down. The rebels claimed they would sail past Leichi downstream. He knew they meant to fight. Fearing a escape to sea, he posted Zhongde at Jiyang with two hundred ships. In the twelfth month Xun and Daofu came downriver with tens of thousands in a forest of masts. He sent light warships, took the drum himself, and ordered a mass attack. Infantry and cavalry lined the west bank. Yu Lesheng hung back; he was beheaded as an example. The army surged forward. Ten-thousand-jun crossbows smashed everything they touched. A stray arrow struck the Duke. Wind and current drove the enemy ships to the west bank. Shore troops had fire ready[29] and burned the fleet. Smoke filled the sky. The enemy was destroyed. Pursuit lasted until night. Xun fled back to Xunyang. The separate infantry march had puzzled men; burning the fleet won their trust. He recalled Zhongde as vanguard. Huaiyu was left at Leichi. Hearing the army was coming, Xun fortified Zuoli on the road to Yuzhang. At Zuoli his banner pole snapped and the pennant sank. Men were alarmed. He laughed: "The pole snapped at the river battle too. The rebels will break." He attacked the palisade at once. The enemy fought desperately but could not hold. The army chased. Xun escaped in one boat. More than ten thousand were killed or drowned. Surrenders were accepted; the coerced were forgiven. Fan and Huaiyu pursued with light troops. Xun regrouped a few thousand and ran for Guangzhou. Daofu held Shixing. The Duke withdrew from Zuoli. The emperor sent envoys to congratulate the army on campaign.
67
校勘記
Collation Notes
68
彭城縣綏輿里人各本並奪去「輿」字。 御覽一二八引徐爰宋書作「彭城綏輿里人」。 符瑞志中附會祥瑞，云：元嘉二十一年，「甘露降彭城綏輿里」。 南史亦有「輿」字。 今據補。
Regarding Suirenyu li in Pengcheng: all editions drop the character yu (the cited text). Imperial Readings 128 quotes Xu Ai's Song Shu: "of Suirenyu li, Pengcheng." The Records of Portents records that in the twenty-first year of Yuanjia sweet dew fell on Suirenyu li in Pengcheng. The Southern History also has yu (the cited text). The character is restored here on that authority.
69
恩以彭排自載「彭排」各本並作「鼓排」。 御覽三五七引晉安帝紀作「彭排」，今據改。 王鎮惡傳亦有「見軍人擔彭排戰具」語，釋名：「彭排，彭，旁也。 在旁排敵禦攻也。」
En boarded a pengpai raft-the text reads "drum-pai" (the cited text) in all editions. Imperial Readings 357 has pengpai in the Jin Annals; the text is emended to match. Wang Zhen'e's biography also mentions soldiers carrying pengpai equipment. Explaining Names: "Pengpai—peng means at the side; it is placed alongside to fend off attack."
70
領水軍追討至鬱洲「討」各本作「罰」，據元龜一八四改。 通鑑亦作「討孫恩於鬱洲」。
Leading the navy in pursuit to Yuzhou: editions read "punish" (the cited text) instead of "pursue" (the cited text); emended per Yuance 184. Zizhi Tongjian likewise has "campaign against Sun En at Yuzhou."
71
高祖與牢之甥東海何無忌並固諫不從「諫」各本並作「請」，據南史改。
Gaozu and He Wuji remonstrated together: editions read "request" (the cited text) for "remonstrate" (the cited text); emended per the Southern History.
72
憑之從子韶韶弟祗隆道濟各本不疊「韶」字，又「道濟」上有「與叔」二字。 孫虨宋書考論云：「祗、隆、道濟並韶弟，依文義當疊『韶』字。」 今據孫說補。 張熷讀史舉正云：「韶、祗、道濟並兄弟，此云『與叔』，誤。」 今據張說刪。
Shao, Zhi, Long, and Daoji: editions omit the repeated "Shao," and insert "and uncle" before Daoji. Sun Fen notes that Zhi, Long, and Daoji are Shao's brothers and the name Shao should be repeated. The repeated "Shao" is restored on Sun Fen's authority. Zhang Sheng: "Shao, Zhi, and Daoji are brothers; 'and uncle' is wrong." Deleted on Zhang Sheng's authority.
73
東莞臧熹「熹」各本並作「喜」，據臧質傳改。
Zang Xi of Dongguan: editions read xi (the cited text) for xi (the cited text); emended per Zang Zhi's biography.
74
既而嫌邁不執安穆使得逃去「嫌」各本並作「廉」，據通鑑晉安帝元興三年改。
Resenting that Mai let Anmu escape: editions read "Lian" (the cited text) for "resent" (the cited text); emended per Zizhi Tongjian.
75
玄又遣武騎將軍庾禕之晉書桓玄傳作「武衞將軍庾頤之」。
Yu Yizhi, General of Martial Cavalry: Jin Shu has Defender-in-Chief Yu Yizhi.
76
立留臺官三朝本、毛本作「立留臺官」。 北監本、殿本、局本作「立留臺總百官」。 通鑑作「立留臺百官」。 按時晉安帝尚在尋陽，故建康稱留臺。 據下文眾欲推劉裕領揚州，裕固辭，則此時劉裕必無總百官之事。 以此知作「總百官」者，誤。
Establishing rear-court officials: Sanchao and Mao editions have this reading. Other editions read "establish the rear court to oversee all offices." Zizhi Tongjian has "establish the rear court and the hundred offices." Emperor An was still at Xunyang, so the capital was termed the rear court. Since Liu Yu later refused Yangzhou, he could not yet have overseen all offices. Therefore "oversee the hundred offices" is incorrect.
77
尚書王嘏率百官奉迎乘輿「王嘏」各本並作「王假」，據南史及通鑑改。 晉書王導傳：「嗣孫嘏，歷領軍、尚書。」
Wang Dan welcomed the emperor: editions read Wang Jia; emended per Southern History and Zizhi Tongjian. Jin Shu, Wang Dao: his descendant Dan held Defender-in-Chief and Minister of the Interior.
78
領軍將軍徐州刺史御覽一二八引徐爰宋書、魏書島夷劉裕傳、建康實錄並作「鎮軍將軍」。 孫虨宋書考論云：「領軍與都督刺史異職，晉書及宋本紀同卷後進位侍中詔皆作『鎮軍將軍』，則都督刺史加號也。 當從之。 然高祖時蓋兼領軍，南史書領軍在徐州刺史下。」
Defender-in-Chief and inspector of Xuzhou: other sources read General Who Pacifies the Army. Sun Fen: Defender-in-Chief and provincial commander differ; later promotions read General Who Pacifies the Army. That reading should be preferred. Gaozu likely held Defender-in-Chief as well; the Southern History lists it under inspector of Xuzhou.
79
由是王謐等諸人時失民望「時失民望」，北監本、殿本作「時眾民望」。 三朝本、毛本、局本作「時失民望」。 李慈銘宋書札記云：「當作時失人望」。 今從三朝本、毛本、局本。
Wang Mi and others had lost popular regard: some editions read "the multitude's regard." Sanchao, Mao, and Palace editions have "lost the people's regard." Li Ciming: read "lost popular regard" (the cited text). The Sanchao/Mao/Palace reading is followed.
80
光祿勳卞承之「卞承之」各本並作「丁承之」。 據晉書桓玄傳改。 按通鑑晉安帝義熙三年殺殷仲文時，並誅卞承之，蓋即其人。
Bian Chengzhi: editions read Ding; emended per Jin Shu. Zizhi Tongjian executes Bian Chengzhi with Yin Zhongwen in Yixi 3—likely the same man. Zizhi Tongjian executes Bian Chengzhi with Yin Zhongwen in Yixi 3—likely the same man.
81
桓玄兄子歆「兄子歆」各本並作「兒子韶」。 據通鑑晉安帝元興三年改。
Huan Xuan's nephew Xin: editions read "son Shao"; emended per Zizhi Tongjian. Emended per Zizhi Tongjian, Yuanxing 3 under Emperor An.
82
道規破玄大將郭銓等于桑落洲「郭銓」各本作「鄭鈐」，舊本臨川王道規傳 (新本已改正) 及御覽一二八引徐爰宋書作「郭鈐」，本書劉懷肅傳及晉書桓玄傳、通鑑作「郭銓」。 按作「郭銓」是，今改正。
Guo Qian at Sangluo Isle: editions read Zheng Ling; the biography of Prince Daogui of Linchuan (already corrected in the new edition) other sources read Guo Ling or Guo Qian; Guo Qian is correct. Guo Qian is adopted.
83
眾軍下擊大破之「眾軍」各本並作「眾驚」，據元龜一八四改。
"The armies" was written "the masses were alarmed" in editions; emended per Yuance 184.
84
璩弟子脩之時為玄屯騎校尉「脩之」各本並譌「循之」，據南史及通鑑改。
Xiuzhi miswritten Xunzhi in editions; emended per Southern History and Zizhi Tongjian.
85
玄從子振逃於華容之涌中「涌中」各本作「浦中」，據南史及晉書桓彝傳曾孫振附傳改。 按杜預左傳莊十八年注：「涌水在南郡華容縣。」 水經江水注：「江水又東，涌水注之。 水自夏水南通於江，謂之涌口。」
Fled into the Huarong marshes: editions read "ford"; emended per Southern History and Jin Shu. Du Yu: the Yong River is in Huarong, Nan commandery. Water Classic: the Yong enters the Yangzi. Its mouth is called Yongkou."
86
輒申攝眾軍先上「申」字三朝本空白，各本作「輒攝眾軍」，不空白。 今據元龜一八四補。
Thereupon reported the armies first—"thereupon" in the Sanchao edition is blank; all editions read "thereupon gathering the armies" without blank space. Now supplemented according to Yuance 184.
87
制路日直植城句有譌。
The phrase about the road to the capital is corrupt.
88
鮮卑貪南史作「鮮卑性貪」。 通鑑作「鮮卑貪婪」。
Southern History: "the Xianbei nature is greedy." Zizhi Tongjian: "greedy and grasping."
89
乃升綱於樓車「樓車」各本並作「樓上」，據通鑑改。
Raised on a tower cart: editions read "on the tower"; emended per Zizhi Tongjian.
90
十月自河北歸順各本並無「自」字。 通鑑晉義熙五年作「段宏自魏奔於裕」。 孫虨宋書考論云：「河北上當有自字」。 按孫說是，今補。
Returned from north of the He: editions omit "from." Zizhi Tongjian: "Duan Hong fled from Wei to Yu." Sun Fen's Discussion of the Song Shu says: "Above Hebei there should be the character from." According to Sun, this is correct; now supplemented.
91
殺其王公以下「王公」各本作「亡命」，據南史、元龜一八四、通鑑晉安帝義熙六年改。
Killed the royal clan: editions read "fugitives"; emended per Southern History and Zizhi Tongjian.
92
今方頓兵堅城之下「頓」各本並作「領」，據建康實錄、通鑑晉安帝義熙六年改。
Stalled beneath a stout wall: editions read "led"; emended per Jiankang shilu and Zizhi Tongjian.
93
廣武將軍劉懷默屯建陽門外「劉懷默」各本並作「劉默」，據晉書安帝紀、建康實錄補。 懷默見劉懷慎傳。
Liu Huaimo at Jianyang Gate: editions read Liu Mo; restored per Jin Shu and Jiankang shilu. Huaimo appears in Liu Huaishen's biography.
94
命參軍褚叔度朱齡石率勁勇千餘人過淮「褚叔度」各本並譌「諸葛叔度」。 據通典兵典改。 又見本書褚叔度傳，時為中軍諮議參軍。
Chu Shudu miswritten Zhuge Shudu in editions. Emended per Tongdian, Military Institutions. See Chu Shudu's biography; he was then middle-army staff adviser.
95
盧循遣其大將荀林寇江陵臨川王道規傳作「荀林」。 晉書姚興載記及通鑑作「苟林」。 今本書一律作「荀林」。
Xun Lin: Daogui's biography agrees. Jin Shu and Zizhi Tongjian read Gou Lin. This book consistently uses Xun Lin.
96
岸上軍先備火具各本並奪「岸」字，據南史、通典兵典、通鑑晉安帝義熙六年補。
Shore troops had fire ready: editions omit "shore"; restored per Southern History, Tongdian, and Zizhi Tongjian.