1
廢帝諱昱，字德融，小字慧震，明帝長子也。 大明七年正月辛丑，生於衞尉府。 太宗諸子在孕，皆以周易筮之，即以所得之卦為小字，故帝字慧震，其餘皇子亦如之。 泰始二年，立為皇太子。 三年，始制太子改名昱。 安車乘象輅。 六年，出東宮。 又制太子元正朝賀，服袞冕九章衣。
Emperor Fei II, taboo name Yu, style name Derong, childhood name Huizhen, was Emperor Ming's eldest son. He was born on xinchou day in the first month of the seventh year of Daming, at the Chamberlain for the Imperial Clansman's residence. While Emperor Ming's sons were still in the womb, each was divined by hexagram with the Classic of Changes, and the resulting hexagram was taken as his childhood name. Hence the emperor received the childhood name Huizhen, and the other princes were treated the same way. In the second year of Taishi he was made crown prince. In the third year a decree first changed the crown prince's name to Yu. He was granted use of the State Coach and the Elephants' Carriage. In the sixth year he left the Eastern Palace. A further decree specified that at the crown prince's New Year's audience and ceremonial homage he should wear nine-patterned dragon robes and coronet.
2
泰豫元年四月己亥，太宗崩。 庚子，太子即皇帝位，大赦天下。 尚書令袁粲、護軍將軍褚淵共輔朝政。 乙巳，以護軍將軍張永為右光祿大夫，撫軍將軍安成王為揚州刺史。 己酉，特進、右光祿大夫劉遵考改為左光祿大夫。
Emperor Ming died on jihai day in the fourth month of the first year of Taiyu. On gengzi day the crown prince took the throne and a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. Yuan Can as Director of the Masters of Writing and Chu Yuan as General Who Protects the Army jointly assisted in running the government. On yisi day, General Who Protects the Army Zhang Yong was appointed Right Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, and the Prince of Ancheng, General Who Pacifies the Army, became Inspector of Yang Province. On jiyou day Liu Zunkao, Special Advance and Right Grand Master for Splendid Happiness, was transferred to Left Grand Master for Splendid Happiness.
3
五月丁巳，以吳興太守張岱為益州刺史。 戊辰，緣江戍兵老疾者，悉聽還。 班劍依舊入殿。
On dingsi day in the fifth month, Wuxing Administrator Zhang Dai was appointed Inspector of Yi Province. On wuchen day all aged and infirm garrison troops stationed along the river were permitted to return home. The ceremonial sword guard continued to enter the hall as before.
4
六月壬辰，詔曰：「夫興王經制，實先民隱，方求廣教，刑於四維。 朕以煢眇，夙膺寶歷，永言民政，未接聽覽，眷言乃顧，無忘鑒寐。 可遣大使分行四方，觀採風謠，問其疾苦。 令有咈民，法不便俗者，悉各條奏。 若守宰威恩可紀，廉勤允著，依事騰聞。 如獄訟誣枉，職事紕繆，惰公存私，害民利己者，無或隱昧。 廣納芻輿之議，博求獻藝之規。 巡省之道，務令精洽，深簡行識，俾若朕親覽焉。」 又詔曰：「夫寢夢期賢，往誥垂美，物色求良，前書稱盛。 朕以沖昧，嗣膺寶業，思仰述聖猷，勉弘政道，興言多士，常想得人。 可普下牧守，廣加搜採。 其有孝友聞族，義讓光閭，或匿名屠釣，隱身耕牧，足以整厲澆風，扶益淳化者，凡厥一善，咸無遺逸。 虛輪佇帛，俟聞嘉薦。」 京師雨水，詔賑卹二縣貧民。 乙巳，尊皇后曰皇太后，立皇后江氏。
On renchen day in the sixth month an edict declared: "Establishing a kingship and its enduring statutes truly come before the people's private concerns; teaching is now to be broadly extended and discipline imposed upon the four quarters. I, solitary and insignificant, long since received the precious throne. Though ever mindful of the people's affairs I have not yet taken up audiences, and my concern for them keeps me awake night and day. Let ambassadors be dispatched through the four quarters to observe folk songs, gather ballads, and inquire into people's hardships. Where ordinances offend the people or laws ill suit local custom, each case shall be reported in full detail. If a magistrate or prefect's authority and kindness deserve record, or his integrity and diligence are truly evident, report the matter up accordingly. Where prison cases involve false charges, official duties are botched, public office is neglected for private ends, or the people are harmed for personal gain, nothing shall be concealed. Broadly accept counsel from common folk and widely seek proposals for presenting talent and skill. Inspection tours must be thoroughly executed, with men of deep discernment chosen for the task, so that it is as if I review the results myself." A further edict declared: "Sleeping dreams anticipate worthy men; former injunctions have left fine examples; seeking out excellence was praised as a flourishing policy in earlier writings. Young and inexperienced, I have succeeded to the precious throne. I mean to follow the sage plan and strive to expand governance, and in speaking of the many scholars, I constantly long to find the right men. Let this be sent down to all prefects and governors for wide search and selection. Whoever is famed in his clan for filial piety and brotherly love, or whose righteousness and forbearance shine throughout his neighborhood; whoever hides among butchers and fishers or withdraws to farming and herding yet can rectify decadent customs and uphold pure transformation — every such virtue shall be reported without exception. With empty wheels awaiting silk offerings, I await word of worthy recommendations." Flooding from rain struck the capital region, and an edict ordered relief for the poor in two counties. On yisi day the empress was honored as empress dowager and Lady Jiang was installed as empress.
5
秋七月戊辰，崇拜帝所生陳貴妃為皇太妃。
On wuchen day in the seventh month of autumn, Consort Chen, the emperor's birth mother, was honored as grand imperial consort.
6
閏月丁亥，罷宋安郡還屬廣興。 己丑，割南豫州南汝陰郡屬西豫州，西豫州廬江郡屬豫州。 甲辰，以新除征西將軍、開府儀同三司、荊州刺史蔡興宗為中書監、光祿大夫，安西將軍、郢州刺史沈攸之為鎮西將軍、荊州刺史，南徐州刺史劉秉為平西將軍、郢州刺史，新除太常建平王景素為鎮軍將軍、南徐州刺史。
On dinghai day in the intercalary month Song'an Commandery was abolished and returned to Guangxing. On jichou day Nanrunyin Commandery was transferred from Southern Yu to Western Yu Province, and Lujiang Commandery was transferred from Western Yu to Yu Province. On jiachen day Cai Xingzong, who had just been relieved as General Who Campaigns against the West with honors equal to the Three Dukes and as Inspector of Jing Province, was appointed Supervisor of the Masters of Writing and Grand Master for Splendid Happiness. Shen Youzhi, General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Ying Province, became General Who Guards the West and Inspector of Jing Province. Liu Bing, Inspector of Southern Xu, became General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Ying Province. Liu Jingsu, Prince of Jianping and newly relieved Grand Steward, became General Who Guards the Army and Inspector of Southern Xu.
7
冬十月辛卯，[1]撫軍將軍劉韞有罪免官。 辛未，護軍將軍褚淵母憂去職。
On xinmao day in the tenth month of winter, [1] General Who Pacifies the Army Liu Yun was dismissed from office for a crime. On xinwei day General Who Protects the Army Chu Yuan left office to observe mourning for his mother.
8
十一月己亥，新除平西將軍、郢州刺史劉秉為尚書左僕射。 辛丑，護軍將軍褚淵還攝本任。 芮芮國、高麗國遣使獻方物。
On jihai day in the eleventh month Liu Bing, newly relieved as General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Ying Province, was appointed Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On xinchou day General Who Protects the Army Chu Yuan resumed acting in his original post. Envoys from Rouran and Goguryeo presented local products.
9
十二月，索虜寇義陽。 丁巳，司州刺史王瞻擊破之。
In the twelfth month the Northern Wei raided Yiyang. On dingsi day Si Province Inspector Wang Zhan attacked and defeated them.
10
元徽元年春正月戊寅朔，改元，大赦天下。 壬寅，詔曰：「夫緩法昭恩，裁風茂典，蠲憲貸眚，訓俗彝義。 朕臨馭宸樞，夤制氓宇，式存寬簡，思孚矜惠。 今開元肆宥，萬品惟新，凡茲流斥，宜均弘洗。 自元年以前貽罪徙放者，悉聽還本。」
On the first day of the first month of spring in the first year of Yuanhui, wuyin day, the era was changed and a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. On renyin day an edict declared: "Relaxing the law manifests kindness, restraining conduct is a flourishing standard, and remitting punishments to pardon offenses teaches the people enduring righteousness. As I preside over the throne and extend governance across the realm, I wish to preserve leniency and simplicity and inspire compassionate grace. Now that the new era opens with broad pardon and all things are made new, all who have been banished and expelled should equally receive this cleansing. All those exiled or banished for lingering crimes before this first year are permitted to return home."
11
二月乙亥，以晉熙王燮為郢州刺史。
On yihai day in the second month the Prince of Jinxi, Liu Xie, was appointed Inspector of Ying Province.
12
三月丙申，以撫軍長史何恢為廣州刺史。 婆利國遣使獻方物。 戊戌，以前淮南太守劉靈遺為南豫州刺史。
On bingshen day in the third month He Hui, chief clerk to the General Who Pacifies the Army, was appointed Inspector of Guang Province. Envoys from Varini presented local products. On wuxu day former Huainan Administrator Liu Lingyi was appointed Inspector of Southern Yu Province.
13
夏五月辛卯，以輔師將軍李安民為司州刺史。 丙申，河南王遣使獻方物。
On xinmao day in the fifth month of summer General Who Assists the Army Li Anmin was appointed Inspector of Si Province. On bingshen day envoys from the Prince of Henan presented local products.
14
六月壬子，以越州刺史陳伯紹為交州刺史。 [2]乙卯，特進、左光祿大夫劉遵考卒。 壽陽大水，己未，遣殿中將軍賑卹慰勞。 丙寅，以左軍將軍孟次陽為兗州刺史。
On renzi day in the sixth month Yue Province Inspector Chen Bishao was appointed Inspector of Jiao Province. [2] On yimao day Special Advance and Left Grand Master for Splendid Happiness Liu Zunkao died. After great flooding at Shouyang, on jiwei day a Palace Interior General was sent to grant relief and offer consolation. On bingyin day General of the Left Army Meng Ciyang was appointed Inspector of Yan Province.
15
秋七月丁丑，散騎常侍顧長康、長水校尉何翌之表上所撰諫林，上自虞、舜，下及晉武，凡十二卷。
On dingchou day in the seventh month of autumn Gu Kaizhi, Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry, and He Yizhi, Colonel Director of Retainers, submitted their compiled Forest of Remonstrance in twelve fascicles, covering rulers from Yu and Shun down to Emperor Wu of Jin.
16
八月辛亥，詔曰：「分方正俗，著自虞冊，川谷異制，煥乎姬典。 故井遂有辨，閭伍無雜，用能七教克宣，八政斯序。 雖綿代殊軌，沿革異儀，或民懷遷俗，或國尚興徙，漢陽列燕、代之豪，關西熾齊、楚之族，並通籍新邑，即居成舊。 洎金行委御，禮樂南移，中州黎庶，襁負揚、越。 聖武造運，道一閎區，貽長世之規，申土斷之制。 而夷險相因，盈晦遞襲，歲饉凋流，戎役惰散，違鄉寓境，漸至繁積。 宜式遵鴻軌，以為永憲，庶阜俗昌民，反風定保。 夷胥山之險，澄瀚海之波，括河圖於九服，振玉軔於五都矣。」 祕書丞王儉表上所撰七志三十卷。 京師旱。 甲寅，詔曰：「比亢序騫度，留熏燿晷，有傷秋稼，方貽民瘼。 朕以眇疚，未弘政道，囹圄尚繁，枉滯猶積，夕厲晨矜，每惻于懷。 尚書令可與執法以下，就訊眾獄，使寃訟洗遂，困弊昭蘇。 頒下州郡，咸令無壅。」 癸亥，鎮軍將軍、南徐州刺史建平王景素進號鎮北將軍。 庚午，陳留王曹銑薨。
On xinhai day in the eighth month an edict declared: "Assigning districts and rectifying custom was established in Yu's records, and differing institutions for valleys and rivers shine forth in the Zhou canon. Thus wells and paths were clearly distinguished and neighborhoods were not mixed, enabling the seven teachings to be fully proclaimed and the eight administrations properly ordered. Though ages followed different paths and institutions shifted with changing customs, sometimes peoples cherished migration and sometimes states valued resettlement. At Hanyang the great clans of Yan and Dai were enrolled, west of the Pass the families of Qi and Chu flourished — all registering in new settlements yet living as in their old homes. When the Jin dynasty yielded power, ritual and music moved south, and the common people of the central provinces migrated to Yang and Yue carrying infants on their backs. When sacred martial virtue established the dynasty, the Way unified the vast realm, bequeathing regulations for lasting generations and reasserting native land registration. Yet ease and hardship alternated, abundance and decline succeeded one another, famine years thinned and scattered the people, military service bred laxity, and residence away from one's native district in foreign jurisdictions gradually piled up. The great precedent should be followed as an eternal statute, so that customs may flourish, the people prosper, and transforming influence be settled and secure. Let the peril of Mount Xu be leveled, the waves of the vast sea clarified, the river charts gathered within the nine domains, and the jade chariot shafts resound in the five capitals." Secretary Wang Jian submitted his compiled Seven Records in thirty fascicles. There was drought in the capital. On jiayin day an edict declared: "Prolonged drought has disordered the seasonal sequence, lingering heat scorches the days, autumn crops have suffered harm, and the people's distress grows. Slight and afflicted, I have not yet broadened governance. Prisons remain crowded, wrongful detentions still accumulate, and morning and evening I feel compassion and sorrow in my heart. The Director of the Masters of Writing, together with judicial officials, should examine all prison cases so that unjust suits may be cleared and the distressed restored. Issue this to all provinces and commanderies with orders that nothing be obstructed." On guihai day the Prince of Jianping, General Who Guards the Army and Inspector of Southern Xu, was promoted to General Who Guards the North. On gengwu day the Prince of Chenliu, Cao Quan, died.
17
九月壬午，詔曰：「國賦氓稅，蓋有恒品，往屬戎難，務先軍實，徵課之宜，或乖昔准。 湘、江二州，糧運偏積，調役既繁，庶徒彌擾。 因循權政，容有未革，民單力弊，歲月愈甚。 永言矜歎，情兼宵寐。 可遣使到所，明加詳察。 其輸違舊令，役非公限者，並即蠲改，具條以聞。」 丁亥，立衡陽王嶷子伯玉為南平王。
On renwu day in the ninth month an edict declared: "State levies and people's taxes should have fixed standards, but in past times, owing to military hardship, military supplies took priority and collection sometimes departed from former norms. In Xiang and Jiang Provinces grain transport had piled up unevenly, corvée and service were already burdensome, and the common people were ever more harassed. Provisional policies carried forward may still leave reforms unfinished; the people grow ever weaker, and with each passing month the distress worsens. I sigh constantly in compassion, and the feeling fills my waking and sleeping hours. Let envoys be sent to each place for clear and thorough investigation. Deliveries that violate old ordinances or corvée that exceeds public limits shall all be remitted or corrected at once, with full details reported." On dinghai day Liu Boyu, son of the Prince of Hengyang Liu Yao, was installed as Prince of Nanping.
18
冬十月壬子，以撫軍司馬王玄載為梁、南秦二州刺史。 癸酉，割南兗州之鍾離、豫州之馬頭，又分秦郡、梁郡、歷陽置新昌郡，立徐州。
On renzi day in the tenth month of winter Wang Xuanzai, major to the General Who Pacifies the Army, was appointed Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin Provinces. On guiyou day Zhongli was detached from Southern Yan Province and Matou from Yu Province; Qin, Liang, and Liyang were further divided to form Xinchang Commandery, and Xu Province was established.
19
十一月丙子，以散騎常侍垣閎為徐州刺史。 丁丑，尚書令袁粲母喪去職。
On bingzi day in the eleventh month Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry Yuan Hong was appointed Inspector of Xu Province. On dingchou day Director of the Masters of Writing Yuan Can left office to observe mourning for his mother.
20
十二月癸卯朔，日有蝕之。 乙巳，司空、江州刺史桂陽王休範進位太尉，尚書令袁粲還攝本任，加號衞將軍。 癸亥，立前建安王世子伯融為始安縣王。 丙寅，河南王遣使獻方物。
On the first day of the twelfth month, guimao day, there was a solar eclipse. On yisi day the Prince of Guiyang Liu Xiufan, Minister of Works and Inspector of Jiang Province, was promoted to Grand Commandant; Yuan Can, Director of the Masters of Writing, resumed acting in his original post and was additionally made General of the Guard. On guihai day Liu Borong, former heir of the Prince of Jian'an, was installed as Prince of Shian. On bingyin day envoys from the Prince of Henan presented local products.
21
二年春正月庚子，以右光祿大夫張永為征北將軍、南兗州刺史。
On gengzi day in the first month of spring of the second year Right Grand Master for Splendid Happiness Zhang Yong was appointed General Who Campaigns against the North and Inspector of Southern Yan Province.
22
二月己巳，加護軍將軍褚淵中軍將軍。
On jisi day in the second month General Who Protects the Army Chu Yuan was additionally appointed General of the Center Army.
23
三月癸酉，以左衞將軍王寬為南豫州刺史。
On guiyou day in the third month General of the Left Guard Wang Kuan was appointed Inspector of Southern Yu Province.
24
夏四月癸亥，詔曰：「頃列爵敍勳，銓榮酬義，條流積廣，又各淹闕。 歲往事留，理至逋壅，在所參差，多違甄飭。 賞未均洽，每疚厥心。 可悉依舊准，並下注職。」
On guihai day in the fourth month of summer an edict declared: "Recently, in listing ranks and recounting merit, and weighing honor to repay righteousness, the categories have piled up ever broader, yet each suffers delays and gaps. Years pass while cases linger, justice is deferred and obstructed, local practice is inconsistent, and much departs from proper review and correction. Rewards have not been evenly applied, and this afflicts my heart each time. Let all follow the former standards and record rank and office accordingly."
25
五月壬午，[3]太尉、江州刺史桂陽王休範舉兵反。 庚寅，內外戒嚴。 加中領軍劉勔鎮軍將軍，加右衞將軍齊王平南將軍，前鋒南討，出屯新亭。 征北將軍張永屯白下，前南兗州刺史沈懷明戍石頭，衞將軍袁粲、中軍將軍褚淵入衞殿省。 壬辰，賊奄至，攻新亭壘。 齊王拒擊，大破之。 越騎校尉張敬兒斬休範。 賊黨杜黑蠡、丁文豪分軍向朱雀航，[4]劉勔拒賊敗績，力戰死之。 右軍將軍王道隆奔走遇害。 張永潰於白下，沈懷明自石頭奔散。 甲午，[5]撫軍典籤茅恬開東府納賊，[6]賊入屯中堂。 羽林監陳顯達擊大破之。 丙申，張敬兒等破賊於宣陽門、莊嚴寺、小市，進平東府城，梟擒羣賊。 賞賜封爵各有差。 丁酉，詔京邑二縣埋藏所殺賊，并戰亡者，復同京城。 是日解嚴，大赦天下，文武賜位一等。 戊戌，原除江州逋債，其有課非常調、役為民蠹者，悉皆蠲停。 詔曰：「頃國賦多騫，公儲罕給。 近治戎雖淺，而軍費已多，廩藏虛罄，難用馭遠。 宜矯革淫長，務在節儉。 其供奉服御，悉就減撤，雕文靡麗，廢而勿修。 凡諸游費，一皆禁斷，外可詳為科格。」 荊州刺史沈攸之、南徐州刺史建平王景素、郢州刺史晉熙王燮、湘州刺史王僧虔、雍州刺史張興世並舉義兵赴京師。 己亥，以第七皇弟友為江州刺史。 芮芮國遣使獻方物。
On renwu day in the fifth month, [3] Grand Commandant and Jiang Province Inspector Liu Xiufan, Prince of Guiyang, raised troops in rebellion. On gengyin day martial alert was proclaimed inside and outside the palace. Liu Mian as Central Palace Guard Commander was additionally made General Who Guards the Army, and the Prince of Qi as General of the Right Guard was additionally made General Who Pacifies the South. The vanguard marched south to campaign and encamped at Xinting. General Who Campaigns against the North Zhang Yong encamped at Baixia, former Southern Yan Inspector Shen Huaiming garrisoned Stone City, and General of the Guard Yuan Can together with General of the Center Army Chu Yuan entered to guard the palace offices. On renchen day the rebels suddenly arrived and attacked the fort at Xinting. The Prince of Qi met the attack and inflicted a crushing defeat. Zhang Jinger, Commandant of Elite Cavalry, beheaded Liu Xiufan. Rebel partisans Du Heili and Ding Wenhao split their forces and marched on the Zhuque ferry. [4] Liu Mian met the rebels, was defeated, and died fighting to the last. General of the Right Army Wang Daolong was cut down while fleeing. Zhang Yong was routed at Baixia, and Shen Huaiming broke and fled from Stone City. On jiawu day, [5] Mao Tian, Army Aide of the Pacification Commissioner, opened the Eastern Palace to the rebels. [6] The rebels entered and encamped in the Central Hall. Chen Xianda, Supervisor of the Feathered Forest Guard, attacked and routed them completely. On bingshen day Zhang Jinger and others defeated the rebels at Xuanyang Gate, Zhuangyan Monastery, and Xiaoshi, then advanced to pacify the Eastern Palace city, putting rebel heads on display and capturing the rest. Rewards, gifts, and ennoblements were distributed according to merit. On dingyou day an edict ordered the two capital-district counties to bury slain rebels and those who fell in battle, following the same practice as the capital city. That same day martial alert was lifted, a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm, and civil and military officials were promoted one rank. On wuxu day all overdue debts in Jiang Province were remitted, and irregular taxes and corvée that had become a scourge on the people were abolished. An edict declared: "Of late state revenues have fallen far short and the public granaries scarcely suffice. Though recent campaigns have been brief, military costs have already mounted; the storehouses stand empty, and it is hard to govern distant regions. Extravagance and excess must be corrected, and the effort must lie in austerity. Palace provisions and imperial furnishings should all be reduced; ornate and lavish decoration should be abandoned and not restored. All miscellaneous recreational spending is forbidden without exception; detailed regulations may be drafted outside the palace accordingly." Jiang Province Inspector Shen Youzhi, Southern Xu Inspector Liu Jingsu Prince of Jianping, Ying Province Inspector Liu Xie Prince of Jinxi, Xiang Province Inspector Wang Sengqian, and Yong Province Inspector Zhang Xingshi all raised loyal armies and marched to the capital. On jihai day the seventh imperial younger brother, You, was appointed Inspector of Jiang Province. The state of Rouran sent envoys bearing tribute.
26
六月庚子，以平南將軍齊王為中領軍、鎮軍將軍、南兗州刺史。 癸卯，晉熙王燮遣軍剋尋陽，江州平。 戊申，以淮南太守任農夫為豫州刺史，右將軍、南豫州刺史王寬進號平西將軍。 壬戌，改輔師將軍還為輔國。
On gengzi day in the sixth month the Prince of Qi, General Who Pacifies the South, was made Central Palace Guard Commander and General Who Guards the Army, and appointed Inspector of Southern Yan Province. On guimao day Liu Xie, Prince of Jinxi, sent troops to take Xunyang, and Jiang Province was pacified. On wushen day Ren Nongfu, Administrator of Huainan, was appointed Inspector of Yu Province, and Wang Kuan, General of the Right and Inspector of Southern Yu Province, was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West. On renxu day the title General Who Assists the Army was restored to General Who Assists the State.
27
秋七月庚辰，立第七皇弟友為邵陵王。 辛巳，以撫軍司馬孟次陽為兗州刺史。 乙酉，鎮西將軍、荊州刺史沈攸之進號征西大將軍，鎮北將軍、南徐州刺史建平王景素進號征北將軍，[7]並開府儀同三司。 征虜將軍、郢州刺史晉熙王燮進號安西將軍，前將軍、湘州刺史王僧虔進號平南將軍。
On gengchen day in the seventh month of autumn the seventh imperial younger brother, You, was invested as Prince of Shaoling. On xinsi day Meng Ciyang, Army Aide of the Pacification Commissioner, was appointed Inspector of Yan Province. On yiyou day Shen Youzhi, General Who Guards the West and Jiang Province Inspector, was promoted to Grand General Who Campaigns against the West, and Liu Jingsu, Prince of Jianping, General Who Guards the North and Southern Xu Inspector, was promoted to General Who Campaigns against the North. [7] Both were granted Grand Marshal status with ceremonial insignia equal to the Three Excellencies. Liu Xie, Prince of Jinxi, General Who Subdues Barbarians and Ying Province Inspector, was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West, and Wang Sengqian, General of the Forward and Xiang Province Inspector, was promoted to General Who Pacifies the South.
28
八月辛酉，以征虜行參軍劉延祖為寧州刺史。
On xinyou day in the eighth month Liu Yanzu, Acting Army Aide of the General Who Subdues Barbarians, was appointed Inspector of Ning Province.
29
九月壬辰，以游擊將軍呂安國為兗州刺史。 丁酉，以尚書令、新除衞將軍袁粲為中書監，即本號開府儀同三司，領司徒，加護軍將軍褚淵尚書令，撫軍將軍、揚州刺史安成王進號車騎將軍。
On renchen day in the ninth month Lu Anguo, General of Mobile Strikes, was appointed Inspector of Yan Province. On dingyou day Yuan Can, Minister Over the Masses and newly appointed General of the Guard, was made Supervisor of the Masters of Writing and granted Grand Marshal status with ceremonial insignia equal to the Three Excellencies under his existing title, while also serving as Minister of State. Chu Yuan, General Who Protects the Army, was additionally made Minister Over the Masses, and the Prince of Ancheng, Pacification Commissioner and Yang Province Inspector, was promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry.
30
冬十月庚申，以新除侍中王蘊為湘州刺史。 甲子，以游擊將軍陳顯達為廣州刺史。
On gengshen day in the tenth month of winter Wang Yun, newly appointed Palace Attendant, was appointed Inspector of Xiang Province. On jiazi day Chen Xianda, General of Mobile Strikes, was appointed Inspector of Guang Province.
31
十一月丙戌，御加元服，大赦天下。 賜民男子爵一級； 為父後及三老孝悌力田者爵二級； 鰥寡孤獨篤癃不能自存者，穀人五斛； [8]年八十以上，加帛一匹。 大酺五日； 賜王公以下各有差。
On bingxu day in the eleventh month the emperor underwent the capping ceremony and a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. Common men were granted one rank of nobility; heads of households, the Three Elders, the Filial and Brotherly, and Merit Farmers received two ranks of nobility; widowers, widows, orphans, the solitary, and the severely disabled who could not support themselves received five hu of grain each; [8] those eighty years of age and above received an additional bolt of silk. a grand public feast was granted for five days; princes, dukes, and officials of all ranks received gifts according to station.
32
十二月癸亥，立第八皇弟躋為江夏王，第九皇弟贊為武陵王。
On guihai day in the twelfth month the eighth imperial younger brother, Ji, was invested as Prince of Jiangxia and the ninth, Zan, as Prince of Wuling.
33
三年春正月辛巳，車駕親祠南郊、明堂。
In the spring of the third year, on xinsi day of the first month, the emperor personally sacrificed at the Southern Altar and Bright Hall.
34
三月丙寅，河南王遣使獻方物。 己巳，以車騎將軍張敬兒為雍州刺史。 其日，京師大水，遣尚書郎官長檢行賑賜。
On bingyin day in the third month the King of Henan sent envoys bearing tribute. On jisi day Zhang Jinger, General of Chariots and Cavalry, was appointed Inspector of Yong Province. That same day the capital was struck by severe flooding; Palace Gentlemen of the Masters of Writing were sent out to inspect the damage and grant relief.
35
閏月戊戌，詔曰：「頃民俗滋弊，國度未殷，歲時屢騫，編戶不給。 且邊虞尚警，徭費彌繁，永言夕惕，寢興增疚。 思弘豐耗之制，以惇約素之風，庶偫蓄拯民，以康治道。 太官珍膳，御府麗服，諸所供擬，一皆減撤，可詳為其格，務從簡衷。」
In the intercalary month, on wuxu day, an edict declared: "Of late popular custom has grown ever more debased, the state treasury is not full, revenues fall short year after year, and registered households cannot make ends meet. Moreover the frontier still warns of danger and corvée levies grow ever heavier; evening and night I speak of it in vigilance, and waking or sleeping my distress only grows. I mean to enlarge the system of plenty and frugality and foster a spirit of simplicity, hoping to build reserves, relieve the people, and set governance at ease. Delicate fare from the Grand Kitchen and sumptuous robes from the Imperial Wardrobe — all provisions and supplies are to be reduced; detailed regulations may be drafted accordingly, with every effort kept to simplicity and moderation."
36
夏四月，遣尚書郎到諸州檢括民戶，窮老尤貧者，蠲除課調； 丁壯猶有生業，隨宜寬申； 貲財足以充限者，督令洗畢。 丙戌，車駕幸中堂聽訟。
In the fourth month of summer Palace Gentlemen of the Masters of Writing were sent to the provinces to inspect and register households; for the desperately old and poorest, tax levies were remitted; for able-bodied men who still had livelihoods, leniency was applied as appropriate; for those whose assets met the required quotas, they were pressed to complete payment in full. On bingxu day the emperor visited the Central Hall to hear legal cases.
37
六月癸未，北國使至。 兼司徒袁粲、尚書令褚淵並固讓。
On guiwei day in the sixth month envoys from the Northern State arrived. Yuan Can, Acting Minister of State, and Chu Yuan, Minister Over the Masses, both firmly declined office.
38
秋七月庚戌，以粲為尚書令。 壬戌，以給事黃門侍郎劉懷珍為豫州刺史。
On gengxu day in the seventh month of autumn Yuan Can was appointed Minister Over the Masses. On renxu day Liu Huaizhen, Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate in the Palace Secretariat, was appointed Inspector of Yu Province.
39
八月庚子，[9]加護軍將軍褚淵中書監。
On gengzi day in the eighth month, [9] Chu Yuan, General Who Protects the Army, was additionally made Supervisor of the Masters of Writing.
40
九月丙辰，征西大將軍河南王吐谷渾拾夤進號車騎大將軍。
On bingchen day in the ninth month Tuyuhun Shibin, King of Henan and Grand General Who Campaigns against the West, was promoted to Grand General of Chariots and Cavalry.
41
冬十月丙戌，高麗國遣使獻方物。
On bingxu day in the tenth month of winter the state of Goguryeo sent envoys bearing tribute.
42
十二月乙丑，以冠軍將軍姚道和為司州刺史。
On yichou day in the twelfth month Yao Daohé, General Who Quells the Enemy, was appointed Inspector of Si Province.
43
四年春正月已亥，車駕躬耕籍田，大赦天下。 賜力田爵一級； 貸貧民糧種。 壬子，以梁、南秦二州刺史王玄載為益州刺史。
In the spring of the fourth year, on jihai day of the first month, the emperor personally plowed the sacrificial fields and a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm. Merit farmers were granted one rank of nobility; seed grain was loaned to impoverished commoners. On renzi day Wang Xuanzai, Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin provinces, was appointed Inspector of Yi Province.
44
二月壬戌，以步兵校尉范栢年為梁、南秦二州刺史。 丁卯，加金紫光祿大夫王琨特進。
On renxu day in the second month Fan Bonian, Commandant of Footsoldiers, was appointed Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin provinces. On dingmao day Wang Kun, Grand Master of the Golden Bell and Purple Radiance, was granted Special Advancement.
45
夏五月，以寧朔將軍武都王楊文度為北秦州刺史。 乙未，尚書右丞虞玩之表陳時事曰：
In the fifth month of summer Yang Wende, Prince of Wudu and General Who Pacifies the Northlands, was appointed Inspector of Northern Qin Province. On yiwei day Yu Wanzhi, Right Assistant Director of the Masters of Writing, submitted a memorial on current affairs, saying:
46
天府虛散，垂三十年。 江、荊諸州，稅調本少，自頃以來，軍募多乏。 其穀帛所入，折供文武。 豫、兗、司、徐，開口待哺，西北戎將，裸身求衣。 委輸京都，蓋為寡薄。 天府所資，唯有淮、海。 民荒財單，不及曩日。 而國度弘費，[10]四倍元嘉。 二衞臺坊人力，五不餘一； 都水材官朽散，十不兩存。 備豫都庫，材竹俱盡； 東西二𡍒，塼瓦雙匱。 敕令給賜，悉仰交市。 尚書省舍，日就傾頹，第宅府署，類多穿毀。 視不遑救，知不暇及。 尋所入定調，用恒不周，既無儲畜，理至空盡。 積弊累耗，鍾於今日。 昔歲奉敕，課以揚、徐眾逋，凡入米穀六十萬斛，錢五千餘萬，布絹五萬匹，雜物在外，賴此相贍，故得推移。 即今所懸轉多，興用漸廣，深懼供奉頓闕，軍器輟功，將士飢怨，百官騫祿。 署府謝雕麗之器，土木停緹紫之容，國戚無以贍，勳求無以給。 如愚管所慮，不月則歲矣。
The imperial treasury has stood empty and depleted for nearly thirty years. Jiang and Jing provinces already yielded scant tax revenue, and of late military recruiting has often fallen short. What grain and cloth do come in are diverted to supply civil and military officials. In Yu, Yan, Si, and Xu provinces people wait with open mouths for food, while northwestern frontier generals go naked seeking clothes. What reaches the capital is, in all, scant and thin. The imperial treasury depends on nothing but the Huai region and the sea coast. The people are destitute and resources thin, falling far short of former days. Yet state expenditures are enormous, [10] four times what they were in the Yuanjia era. Manpower in the Two Guards' platform offices: fewer than one in five remain; timber officers of the Directorate of Waterways are rotten and scattered; not two in ten survive. in the reserve capital stores timber and bamboo are entirely exhausted; the eastern and western kilns — stores of brick and tile alike stand empty. imperial grants and gifts all depend on purchases from the market. The Masters of Writing offices daily draw nearer to ruin; mansions and government bureaus are for the most part riddled with damage. One sees it but has no leisure to rescue it; one knows it but has no time to attend to it. Looking to the fixed annual levies, their use is perpetually insufficient; with no reserves stored up, the treasury must inevitably run empty. Accumulated abuses and layered waste have brought us to the present crisis. Last year, by imperial order, overdue levies from Yang and Xu provinces were collected; in all there came six hundred thousand hu of grain, more than fifty million in coin, fifty thousand bolts of cloth and silk, and miscellaneous goods besides. Relying on this to make ends meet, the state has barely kept going. But now what is owed grows ever greater and expenditures steadily widen; I deeply fear palace provisions will suddenly run out, military armaments will halt mid-work, officers and soldiers will hunger and grow resentful, and all officials will see their salaries cut. Government offices would lack carved and lavish implements; building works would cease their purple-trimmed splendor; imperial kin would have nothing to live on; and those owed merit rewards would receive nothing. As this humble office foresees, the crisis will come not in months but within a year.
47
經國遠謀，臣所不敢言，朝夕祗勤，心存於匪懈。 起伏震遽，事屬冒聞。 伏願陛下留須臾之鑒，垂永代之計，發不世之詔，施必行之典。 則氓隸齊歡，[11]高卑同泰。
Grand statecraft and long-range planning — your subject dares not speak of these; morning and evening I strive in reverent service, keeping in mind tireless diligence. Rising and bowing in haste, I report what may be presumptuous to bring before you. I humbly wish Your Majesty would pause for a moment's scrutiny, bestow a plan for generations to come, issue an edict without parallel in the age, and enact regulations that must be carried out. Then commoners and servants alike would rejoice, [11] high and low sharing in peace.
48
帝優詔答之。 庚戌，以驍騎將軍曹欣之為徐州刺史。
The emperor replied with a gracious edict. On gengxu day Cao Xinzhi, General of Valiant Cavalry, was appointed Inspector of Xu Province.
49
六月乙亥，加鎮軍將軍齊王尚書左僕射。
On yihai day in the sixth month the Prince of Qi, General Who Guards the Army, was additionally made Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing.
50
八月丁卯，立第十皇弟翽為南陽王，第十一皇弟嵩為新興王，第十二皇弟禧為始建王。 庚午，以給事黃門侍郎阮佃夫為南豫州刺史。 乙酉，以行青、冀二州刺史劉善明為青、冀二州刺史。
On dingmao day in the eighth month the tenth imperial younger brother, Hui, was invested as Prince of Nanyang, the eleventh, Song, as Prince of Xinxing, and the twelfth, Xi, as Prince of Shijian. On gengwu day Ruan Tianfu, Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate in the Palace Secretariat, was appointed Inspector of Southern Yu Province. On yiyou day Liu Shanming, who had been acting Inspector of Qing and Ji provinces, was confirmed as Inspector of Qing and Ji provinces.
51
九月丁亥，割郢州之隨郡屬司州。 戊子，驍騎將軍高道慶有罪，賜死。 己丑，車騎將軍、揚州刺史安成王進號驃騎大將軍、開府儀同三司，安西將軍、郢州刺史晉熙王燮進號鎮西將軍。
In the ninth month, on dinghai day, Suo commandery was detached from Ying Province and placed under Si Province. On wuzi day Gao Daoqing, General of Valiant Cavalry, was found guilty and ordered to take his own life. On jichou day the Prince of Ancheng, General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Yang Province, was promoted to Grand General of Agile Cavalry with Bountiful Court, Opening Office with ritual equal to the Three Excellencies, and the Prince of Jinxi, Xie, General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Ying Province, was promoted to General Who Guards the West.
52
冬十月辛酉，以吏部尚書王僧虔為尚書右僕射。 宕昌王梁彌機為安西將軍、河涼二州刺史。 丙寅，中書監、護軍將軍褚淵母憂去職。 十一月庚戌，詔攝本任。
On xinyou day in the tenth month of winter Wang Sengqian, Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, was appointed Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. Liang Miji, King of Dangchang, was appointed General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of He and Liang provinces. On bingyin day Chu Yuan, Director of the Central Secretariat and General Who Protects the Army, resigned to observe mourning for his mother. In the eleventh month, on gengxu day, an edict ordered him to serve in his former post on an acting basis.
53
五年春二月壬申，以建寧太守柳和為寧州刺史。
In the fifth year, on renshen day in the second month of spring, Liu He, Administrator of Jianning, was appointed Inspector of Ning Province.
54
四月甲戌，豫州刺史阮佃夫、步兵校尉申伯宗、朱幼謀廢立，佃夫、幼下獄死，伯宗伏誅。
In the fourth month, on jiaxu day, Ruan Tianfu, Inspector of Yu Province, and the Footsoldier Regiment Commanders Shen Bozong and Zhu You plotted to depose the emperor and enthrone another. Tianfu and You died in prison, and Bozong was executed.
55
五月己亥，以左軍將軍沈景德為交州刺史，驍騎將軍全景文為南豫州刺史。 [12]丙午，以屯騎校尉孫曇瓘為越州刺史。
On jihai day in the fifth month Shen Jingde, General of the Left Army, was appointed Inspector of Jiao Province, and Quan Jingwen, General of Valiant Cavalry, was appointed Inspector of Southern Yu Province. [12] On bingwu day Sun Tanjun, Regiment Commander of Hubian Cavalry, was appointed Inspector of Yue Province.
56
六月甲戌，誅司徒左長史沈勃、散騎常侍杜幼文、游擊將軍孫超之、長水校尉杜叔文，大赦天下。
On jiaxu day in the sixth month Shen Bo, Left Chief Clerk of the Minister over the Masses, Du Youwen, Attendant-in-Ordinary at the Palace Secretariat, Sun Chaozhi, General of Uprooting Attack, and Du Shuwen, Regiment Commander of the Long River, were put to death, and a general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm.
57
七月戊子夜，帝殞於仁壽殿，時年十五。 己丑，皇太后令曰：
On the night of wuzi day in the seventh month the emperor died in the Hall of Human Longevity at the age of fifteen. On jichou day the empress dowager issued an order, saying:
58
衞將軍、領軍、中書監、八座：昱以冢嫡，嗣登皇統，庶其體識日弘，社稷有寄。 豈意窮凶極悖，自幼而長，善無細而不違，惡有大而必蹈。 前後訓誘，常加隱蔽，險戾難移，日月滋甚。 棄冠毀冕，長襲戎衣，犬馬是狎，鷹隼是愛，皁歷軒殿之中，韝緤宸扆之側。 至乃單騎遠郊，獨宿深野，手揮矛鋋，躬行刳斮，白刃為弄器，斬害為恒務。 捨交戟之衞，委天畢之儀，趨步闤闠，酣歌壚肆，宵遊忘反，宴寢營舍，奪人子女，掠人財物，方筴所不書，振古所未聞。 沈勃儒士，孫超功臣，幼文兄弟，並豫勳効，四人無罪，一朝同戮。 飛鏃鼓劍，孩稚無遺，屠裂肝腸，以為戲謔，投骸江流，以為歡笑。 又淫費無度，帑藏空竭，橫賦關河，專充別蓄，黔庶嗷嗷，厝生無所。 吾與其所生每厲以義方，遂謀酖毒，將騁凶忿。 沈憂假日，慮不終朝。 自昔辛、癸，爰及幽、厲，方之於此，未譬萬分。 民怨既深，神怒已積，七廟阽危，四海褫氣。
To the General of the Guard, the Director of Affairs for the Palace Army, the Director of the Central Secretariat, and the Eight Ministers: Yu, as eldest legitimate heir, had succeeded to the imperial line, and we hoped his understanding would grow day by day and that the altars of state would find their support in him. Who could have imagined such boundless wickedness and perversity? From childhood onward, no small good that he did not violate, no great evil that he did not commit. Time and again he was admonished and guided, yet this was constantly concealed from view. Vicious and unyielding, he could not be changed, and day by day he grew worse. He cast off cap and crown and constantly wore military dress; he doted on dogs and horses and loved hawks and falcons. He walked in ink-black shoes through the palace halls and carried hawk's gloves beside the imperial screen. He even rode alone to distant suburbs and slept alone in deep wilderness, wielding spear and iron-shafted blade with his own hands and personally performing dismemberment. Naked blades were his toys; killing was his daily work. He abandoned the crossed-halberd guard and cast off the ritual canopy, hurried through market streets and caroused in taverns, went out at night and forgot to return, feasted and slept in barracks, seized people's sons and daughters, and plundered their goods — things the records do not record and that have never been heard since antiquity. Shen Bo was a scholar, Sun Chao a meritorious minister, and the Youwen brothers had all shared in meritorious service. Four innocent men were executed together in a single morning. He shot arrows and brandished swords until no child was left alive; he butchered and tore out livers and guts for sport and cast corpses into the river for amusement. Moreover he spent without limit until the treasury was empty; he levied harsh taxes across the passes and rivers solely to fill private stores, and the common people cried out in distress with nowhere to turn for their livelihood. His birth mother and I each sternly urged him in the way of righteousness, whereupon he plotted poison to vent his vicious rage. Deep sorrow borrowed me days; I feared I would not live to see another morning. From Xin and Gui of old down to You and Li of Zhou — compared with this, not one part in ten thousand can describe it. The people's resentment had deepened and divine wrath had accumulated; the seven temples stood on the brink of peril, and the four seas lost their breath.
59
廢昏立明，前代令範，況迺滅義反道，天人所棄，釁深牧野，理絕桐宮。 故密令蕭領軍潛運明略，幽顯協規，普天同泰。 驃騎大將軍安成王體自太宗，天挺淹叡，風神凝遠，德映在田。 地隆親茂，皇曆攸歸，億兆係心，含生屬望。 宜光奉祖宗，臨享萬國。 便依舊典，以時奉行。 未亡人追往傷懷，永言感絕。
Deposing the dim and enthroning the bright was the worthy precedent of former ages; how much more when he extinguished righteousness and rebelled against the Way, abandoned by heaven and men — an offense as deep as at Muye, a case as closed as the Palace of Tong. Therefore I secretly charged Commandant Xiao to carry out a bright design in secret; the hidden and the manifest joined in counsel, and all under heaven would share in peace. The Grand General of Agile Cavalry, the Prince of Ancheng, by descent came from Emperor Ming; heaven had endowed him with deep wisdom, his spirit and bearing were concentrated and far-reaching, and his virtue shone even in the fields. His position was lofty and his kin flourishing; the imperial succession was destined for him. The hundred millions bound their hearts to him, and all living beings turned their hopes to him. He should brightly serve the ancestors and preside over the myriad states. Let the established regulations be followed and carried out in due season. I who survive grieve for what is past and am wounded at heart; speaking of it forever, I am cut off by sorrow.
60
太后又令曰：「昱窮凶極暴，自取灰滅，雖曰罪招，能無傷悼。 棄同品庶，顧所不忍。 可特追封蒼梧郡王。」 葬丹陽秣陵縣郊壇西。
The empress dowager issued another order: "Yu was wicked to the utmost and violent to the extreme; he brought ruin on himself. Though it is said his guilt summoned this, how could there be no grief? To abandon the way we share with commoners is what I cannot bear to contemplate. Let him be specially posthumously enfeoffed as Prince of Cangwu commandery." He was buried west of the suburban altar in Moling county, Danyang.
61
初昱在東宮，年五六歲時，始就書學，而惰業好嬉戲，主帥不能禁。 好緣漆帳竿，去地丈餘，如此者半食久，乃下。 年漸長，喜怒乖節，左右有失旨者，輒手加撲打。 徒跣蹲踞，以此為常。 主帥以白太宗，上輒敕昱所生，嚴加捶訓。 及嗣位，內畏太后，外憚諸大臣，猶未得肆志。 自加元服，變態轉興，內外稍無以制。 三年秋冬間，便好出遊行，太妃每乘青篾車，隨相檢攝。 昱漸自放恣，太妃不復能禁。 單將左右，棄部伍，或十里、二十里，或入市里，或往營署，日暮乃歸。 四年春夏，此行彌數。 自京城剋定，意志轉驕，於是無日不出。 與左右人解僧智、張五兒恒相馳逐，夜出，開承明門，夕去晨反，晨出暮歸。 從者並執鋋矛，行人男女，及犬馬牛驢，值無免者。 民間擾懼，晝日不敢開門，道上行人殆絕。 常著小袴褶，未嘗服衣冠。 或有忤意，輒加以虐刑。 有白棓數十枚，各有名號，鍼椎鑿鋸之徒，不離左右。 嘗以鐵椎椎人陰破，左右人見之有斂眉者，昱大怒，令此人袒胛正立，以矛刺胛洞過。 於耀靈殿上養驢數十頭，所自乘馬，養於御牀側。 先是民間訛言，謂太宗不男，陳太妃本李道兒妾，道路之言，或云道兒子也。 昱每出入去來，常自稱劉統，或自號李將軍。 與右衞翼輦營女子私通，每從之遊，持數千錢，供酒肉之費。 阮佃夫腹心人張羊為佃夫所委信。 佃夫敗，叛走，後捕得，昱自於承明門以車轢殺之。 杜延載、沈勃、杜幼文、孫超，皆躬運矛鋋，手自臠割。 執幼文兄叔文於玄武湖北，昱馳馬執矟，自往刺之。 制露車一乘，其上施篷，乘以出入，從者不過數十人。 羽儀追之恒不及； 又各慮禍，亦不敢追尋，唯整部伍，別在一處瞻望而已。 凡諸鄙事，過目則能，鍛鍊金銀，裁衣作帽，莫不精絕。 未嘗吹篪，執管便韻。 天性好殺，以此為歡，一日無事，輒慘慘不樂。 內外百司，人不自保，殿省憂遑，夕不及旦。
When Yu was in the Eastern Palace, at five or six years of age he first began formal study, yet he was idle in his lessons and fond of play, and his tutors could not restrain him. He liked to climb lacquered curtain poles more than a zhang above the ground and would remain there for half a meal before coming down. As he grew older his joy and anger lost all proper measure; attendants who displeased him he would beat with his own hands. Going barefoot and squatting became his constant habit. The tutors reported to Emperor Ming, who would then order Yu's birth mother to beat and discipline him severely. When he succeeded to the throne he still feared the empress dowager within and dreaded the ministers without, and had not yet been able to indulge his will fully. From the time he received the capping ceremony his perverse conduct grew ever worse, and gradually none within or without the palace could control him. Between autumn and winter of the third year he took to going out on excursions; the imperial consort would each time ride in a green bamboo-ribbed carriage to follow and keep watch over him. Yu gradually gave himself over to license, and the imperial consort could no longer restrain him. He led only his attendants and abandoned formation, going sometimes ten or twenty li, sometimes into the market wards, sometimes to military camps, and returning only at day's end. In spring and summer of the fourth year these outings became ever more frequent. Once the capital had been secured his will grew ever prouder, and from then on there was not a day when he did not go out. With his men Jie Sengzhi and Zhang Wu'er he constantly raced about: going out at night, opening Chenming Gate, leaving in the evening and returning at dawn, or leaving at dawn and returning in the evening. Those who followed him all carried iron-shafted spears. Men and women on the road, and dogs, horses, cattle, and donkeys — none who encountered them escaped. The people were disturbed and afraid; in broad daylight they dared not open their doors, and travelers on the roads nearly disappeared. He constantly wore short jacket and trousers and never put on cap and gown. If anyone displeased him, he at once inflicted cruel punishment. He kept several dozen white clubs, each with its own name, and awls, mallets, chisels, saws, and the like never left his side. Once he smashed a man's groin with an iron mallet. When an attendant who saw this knit his brows, Yu flew into a rage and ordered the man stripped to the shoulders and made to stand upright while a spear was thrust through his shoulder blade and out the other side. In the Hall of Glorious Spirit he kept several dozen donkeys, and the horse he himself rode was stabled beside the imperial couch. Earlier there had been a popular rumor that Emperor Ming was not virile. The Chen imperial consort had originally been a concubine of Li Dao'er, and street talk sometimes said that Yu was Li's son. Whenever Yu went out or came in he often called himself Liu Tong or styled himself General Li. He secretly consorted with women of the Right Guard Palanquin Camp and would go roaming with them, carrying several thousand cash for wine and meat. Zhang Yang, a man in whom Ruan Tianfu placed his inner trust, was entrusted by Tianfu. When Tianfu fell, Yang fled in rebellion. Later, when he was captured, Yu personally ran him over with a cart at Chenming Gate. For Du Yanzai, Shen Bo, Du Youwen, and Sun Chao he personally wielded spear and blade and cut them apart with his own hands. He seized Youwen's elder brother Shuwen north of Xuanyuan Lake. Yu spurred his horse, grasped his long spear, and went himself to stab him. He devised an open carriage with an awning on it and used it for his comings and goings, with no more than several tens of followers. The ceremonial guard that pursued him could never catch up; and each feared disaster, so none dared pursue him. They only kept their formation in one place apart and watched from afar. Of all vulgar crafts, whatever passed before his eyes he could do — forging and refining gold and silver, cutting cloth and making hats — and none but was done to consummate skill. He had never studied the chi pipe, yet when he took up a tube he at once found the proper tones. By nature he loved killing and took his delight in it. A day without such business left him gloomy and joyless. Inside and outside the palace, in the hundred offices, no one could feel safe. The palace departments lived in dread, and evening did not seem to reach dawn.
62
齊王順天人之心，潛圖廢立，與直閤將軍王敬則謀之。 七月七日，昱乘露車，從二百許人，無復鹵簿羽儀，往青園尼寺，晚至新安寺就曇度道人飲酒。 醉，夕扶還於仁壽殿東阿氈幄中臥。 時昱出入無恒，省內諸閤，夜皆不閉。 且羣下畏相逢值，無敢出者。 宿衞並逃避，內外無相禁攝。 王敬則先結昱左右楊玉夫、楊萬年、呂欣之、湯成之、陳奉伯、張石留、羅僧智、鍾千載、嚴道福、雷道賜、戴昭祖、許啟、戚元寶、盛道泰、鍾千秋、王天寶、公上延孫、俞成、錢道寶、馬敬之、陳寶直、吳璩之、劉印魯、唐天寶、俞孫等二十五人，謀共取昱。 其夕，敬則出外，玉夫見昱醉熟無所知，乃與萬年同入氈幄內，以昱防身刀斬之。 奉伯提昱首，依常行法，稱敕開承明門出，以首與敬則，馳至領軍府，以首呈齊王。 王乃戎服，率左右數十人，稱行還，開承明門入。 昱他夕每開門，門者震懾不敢視，至是弗之疑。 齊王既入，曉，乃奉太后令奉迎安成王。
The Prince of Qi followed the hearts of heaven and men and secretly plotted to depose the emperor and enthrone another, taking counsel with Colonel Director Wang Jingze. On the seventh day of the seventh month Yu rode his open carriage with some two hundred men, no longer with imperial guard or feathered insignia. He went to Qingyuan Nunnery and in the evening arrived at Xin'an Temple to drink with the Daoist adept Tandu. Drunk, he was helped back in the evening to lie in the felt tent east of the Hall of Human Longevity. At that time Yu's comings and goings had no fixed pattern, and within the palace the various pavilions were left unclosed at night. Moreover the courtiers feared encountering him, and none dared go out. The night guards all fled, and inside and outside the palace none restrained or seized anyone. Wang Jingze had first won over Yu's attendants Yang Yufu, Yang Wannian, Lü Xinzi, Tang Chengzhi, Chen Fengbo, Zhang Shiliu, Luo Sengzhi, Zhong Qianzai, Yan Daofu, Lei Daoci, Dai Zhaozu, Xu Qi, Qi Yuanbao, Sheng Daotai, Zhong Qianqiu, Wang Tianbao, Gong Shangyansun, Yu Cheng, Qian Daobao, Ma Jingzhi, Chen Baozhi, Wu Qunzhi, Liu Yinlu, Tang Tianbao, Yu Sun, and twenty-five others in all, and they plotted together to seize Yu. That evening Jingze went out. Yufu, seeing that Yu was drunk and insensible, entered the felt tent with Wannian and struck him with Yu's own guard sword. Fengbo took Yu's head and, following the usual procedure, claimed an imperial command to open Chenming Gate and go out. He gave the head to Jingze, who rode to the headquarters of the Army Director and presented it to the Prince of Qi. The prince put on military garb, led several tens of his men, claimed to be returning on circuit, opened Chenming Gate, and entered. On other nights when Yu opened the gate the gatekeepers were awed and did not dare look up; this time they suspected nothing. Once the prince had entered, at dawn he then carried out the empress dowager's order to welcome the Prince of Ancheng.
63
史臣曰：喪國亡家之主，雖適末同途，發軫或異也。 前廢帝卑遊褻幸，皆龍駕帝飾，傳警清路； 蒼梧王則藏璽懷紱，魚服忘反，危冠短服，匹馬孤征。 至於殞身覆祚，其理若一。 姬、夏之隆，質文異尚，亡國之道，其亦然乎。
The historian says: Rulers who lose their states and destroy their families, though at the end their paths are the same, may differ in how they set out. The Former Deposed Emperor's base roaming and illicit favors all used the dragon carriage and imperial adornment, with cleared roads and posted guards; the King of Cangwu hid the seal and wore the ribbon, dressed in fish-skin garb and forgetting to return, tall crown and short coat, a lone horse on a solitary journey. As for the destruction of their persons and the overturning of their fortunes, the principle is the same. At the greatness of Ji and Xia, substance and ornament differed in what was honored; is the way of losing a state likewise?
64
校勘記
Collation Notes
65
冬十月辛卯下有辛未。 按是月庚戌朔，二十二日辛未，無辛卯。
Below "In the tenth month of winter, on xinmao day" the editions have "on xinwei day." According to this, the first day of the month was gengxu; the twenty-second day was xinwei — there was no xinmao.
66
以越州刺史陳伯紹為交州刺史張森楷校勘記云：「按明帝紀，泰始五年，伯紹為交州刺史。 七年，置越州。 南齊書州郡志云，元徽二年，陳伯紹為越州刺史，當即指此。 此當是以交州刺史陳伯紹為越州刺史，刻譌互倒。」
Chen Bozhao, Inspector of Yue Province, was made Inspector of Jiao Province — Zhang Senkai's collation note says: "According to the Annals of Emperor Ming, in the fifth year of Taishi, Bozhao was Inspector of Jiao Province. In the seventh year Yue Province was established. The Treatise on Provinces and Commanderies in the Book of Southern Qi says that in the second year of Yuanhui Chen Bozhao was Inspector of Yue Province — this must refer to the present passage. Here it should read that Chen Bozhao, Inspector of Jiao Province, was made Inspector of Yue Province — the characters were transposed in carving."
67
五月壬午「壬午」各本並作「壬子」，據南史、建康實錄、通鑑改。 按是月辛未朔，十三日壬午，無壬子。
In the fifth month, "renwu" — all editions read "renzi"; corrected according to the History of Southern Dynasties, the Veritable Records of Jiankang, and the Comprehensive Mirror. According to this, the first day of the month was xinwei; the thirteenth day was renwu — there was no renzi.
68
賊黨杜黑蠡丁文豪分軍向朱雀航「杜黑蠡」魏書作「杜黑騾」。
The rebel band under Du Heili and Ding Wenhao divided their forces toward Zhuque Ford — "Du Heili" in the Book of Wei is written "Du Heilü."
69
甲午各本並作「戊午」，據局本及南史、建康實錄改。 是月辛未朔，二十四日甲午，無戊午。
"jiawu" — all editions read "wuwu"; corrected according to the Bureau edition, the History of Southern Dynasties, and the Veritable Records of Jiankang. That month the first day was xinwei; the twenty-fourth day was jiawu — there was no wuwu.
70
撫軍典籤茅恬開東府納賊「撫軍」南史作「車騎」，建康實錄作「護軍」。
Mao Tian, Registrar of the Army Who Pacifies the Rebels, opened the Eastern Palace to admit the rebels — "Army Who Pacifies the Rebels" in the History of Southern Dynasties is written "General of Chariots and Cavalry," and in the Veritable Records of Jiankang "General Who Protects the Army."
71
鎮北將軍南徐州刺史建平王景素進號征北將軍各本並脫「南」字，據景素傳補。
The Prince of Pingping, Jingsu, General Who Guards the North and Inspector of Southern Xu Province, was promoted to General Who Campaigns North — all editions omit the character "Southern"; supplied according to Jingsu's biography.
72
穀人五斛各本並脫「人」字，據元龜二０七補。
five hu of grain per person — all editions omit the character "person"; supplied according to the Yuan Gui, fascicle 207.
73
八月庚子按是月癸亥朔，無庚子，初三日庚午，庚子或是庚午之譌。
In the eighth month, on gengzi day — according to this, the first day of the month was guihai; there was no gengzi day. The third day was gengwu; gengzi may be a corruption of gengwu.
74
而國度弘費「弘」各本並作「引」，據元龜四七一改。
yet state expenditures are vast — "vast" in all editions is written "drawn"; corrected according to the Yuan Gui, fascicle 471.
75
則氓隸齊歡「隸」各本並作「祇」，據元龜四七一改。
then commoners and servants alike would rejoice — "commoners" in all editions is written "only"; corrected according to the Yuan Gui, fascicle 471.
76
驍騎將軍全景文為南豫州刺史「驍騎」各本並作「驃騎」，據南齊書呂安國傳全景文附傳改。
Quan Jingwen, General of Valiant Cavalry, was appointed Inspector of Southern Yu Province — "Valiant Cavalry" in all editions is written "Agile Cavalry"; corrected according to the biography of Quan Jingwen appended to Lü Anguo's biography in the Book of Southern Qi.