1
太宗明皇帝諱彧，字休炳，小字榮期，文帝第十一子也。 元嘉十六年十月戊寅生。 二十五年，封淮陽王，食邑二千戶。 二十九年，改封湘東王。 元凶弒立，以為驍騎將軍，加給事中。 世祖踐阼，為祕書監，遷冠軍將軍、南蘭陵下邳二郡太守，領石頭戍事。 孝建元年，徙為南彭城、東海二郡太守，將軍如故，鎮京口。 其年，徵為中護軍。 二年，遷侍中，領游擊將軍。 三年，徙衞尉，侍中如故。 又為左衞將軍，衞尉如故。 大明元年，轉中護軍，衞尉如故。 三年，為都官尚書，領游擊將軍，衞尉如故。 七年，遷領軍將軍。 八年，出為使持節、都督徐兗二州豫州之梁郡諸軍事、鎮北將軍、徐州刺史，給鼓吹一部。 其年，徵為侍中、護軍將軍。 未拜，復為領軍將軍，侍中如故。
Emperor Ming, posthumous title Taizong, taboo name Yu, courtesy name Xiubing, childhood name Rongqi, was the eleventh son of Emperor Wen. He was born on wu-yin day in the tenth month of the sixteenth year of Yuanjia. In the twenty-fifth year he was enfeoffed as Prince of Huaiyang with a fief of two thousand households. In the twenty-ninth year his title was changed to Prince of Xiangdong. When the murderer-prince murdered his way to the throne, he was appointed General of Galloping Cavalry and given the additional post of Supervisor of Attendants. When Emperor Xiaowu took the throne, he was made Supervisor of the Palace Library, then promoted to General Who Conquers and Administrator of Nanlanling and Xiapi, with concurrent command of the Shitou garrison. In the first year of Xiaojian he was reassigned as Administrator of Nan Pengcheng and Donghai while keeping his general's rank, and he was posted at Jingkou. That same year he was recalled to serve as Colonel of the Garrison. In the second year he was promoted to Attendant-in-Ordinary and made General Who Attacks in Mobile Warfare. In the third year he was transferred to Minister of the Guard while retaining his post as Attendant-in-Ordinary. He was also appointed General of the Left Guard while continuing as Minister of the Guard. In the first year of Daming he was made Colonel of the Garrison while remaining Minister of the Guard. In the third year he was appointed Minister of Justice and General Who Attacks in Mobile Warfare while still serving as Minister of the Guard. In the seventh year he was promoted to General of the Palace Guard. In the eighth year he was sent out bearing the staff with full powers as Commander-in-Chief of military affairs for Xu and Yan provinces and Liang commandery in Yuzhou, appointed General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Xuzhou, and granted one set of drums and pipes. That year he was recalled as Attendant-in-Ordinary and General Who Protects the Army. Before he could take up the new post, he was again made General of the Palace Guard while remaining Attendant-in-Ordinary.
2
廢帝景和末，上入朝，被留停都。 廢帝誅害宰輔，殺戮大臣，恒慮有圖之者，疑畏諸父，並拘之殿內，遇上無禮，事在文諸王傳。 遂收上付廷尉，一宿被原。 將加禍害者，前後非一。 既而害上意定，明旦便應就禍。 上先已與腹心阮佃夫、李道兒等密共合謀。 于時廢帝左右常慮禍及，人人有異志。 唯有直閤將軍宗越、譚金、童太一等數人為其腹心，並虓虎有幹力，在殿省久，眾並畏服之，故莫敢動。 是夕，越等並外宿。 佃夫、道兒因結壽寂之等殞廢帝於後堂。 十一月二十九日夜也。
At the end of the Jinghe era under the Deposed Emperor, the Prince came to court for an audience and was kept in the capital. The Deposed Emperor killed chief ministers and slaughtered senior officials, always fearing conspirators. Suspicious of his uncles, he confined them within the palace halls and treated the Prince with gross disrespect; the full account appears in the biographies of the princes. The Prince was then handed over to the Court of Justice, but within a single night he was pardoned. More than once, before and after, he narrowly escaped plans to destroy him. Once the Deposed Emperor had settled on killing the Prince, he was to have been destroyed the very next morning. The Prince had already entered into a secret plot with his trusted followers Ruan Tianfu, Li Dao'er, and others. By then those close to the Deposed Emperor lived in constant fear for their lives, and each man nursed his own separate design. Only Direct Attendant-General Zong Yue, Tan Jin, Tong Taiyi, and a few others remained his trusted inner circle—men as fierce as tigers, strong in action, and long established in palace service, whom everyone feared and obeyed—so no one dared move against them. That night Yue and the others were all billeted outside the palace. Tianfu and Dao'er then joined Shou Jizhi and others in killing the Deposed Emperor in the rear hall. This took place on the night of the twenty-ninth day of the eleventh month.
3
事定，上未知所為。 建安王休仁便稱臣奉引升西堂，登御坐，召見諸大臣。 于時事起倉卒，上失履，跣至西堂，猶著烏帽。 坐定，休仁呼主衣以白帽代之，令備羽儀。 雖未即位，凡眾事悉稱令書施行。 己未，司徒揚州刺史豫章王子尚、山陰公主並賜死。 宗越、譚金、童太一謀反伏誅。
Once the deed was done, the Prince still did not know what he should do next. Prince Xiuren of Jian'an at once declared himself his subject, led him up to the Western Hall, seated him on the imperial throne, and summoned the senior ministers. The coup had erupted in sudden confusion: the Prince lost his shoes and ran barefoot to the Western Hall, still wearing a black cap. Once he was seated, Xiuren summoned the Master of Imperial Wardrobes to bring a white cap in its place and ordered the imperial guard of honor made ready. Although he had not yet formally ascended the throne, every affair was carried out under directoral orders in his name. On ji-wei day Minister and Inspector of Yangzhou Prince Zishang of Yuzhang and the Princess of Shanyin were both ordered to take their own lives. Zong Yue, Tan Jin, and Tong Taiyi plotted rebellion and were put to death.
4
十二月庚申朔，令書以司空東海王褘為中書監、太尉，鎮軍將軍、江州刺史晉安王子勛進號車騎將軍、開府儀同三司。 癸亥，以新除驃騎大將軍建安王休仁為司徒、尚書令、揚州刺史，鎮軍將軍、開府儀同三司山陽王休祐進號驃騎大將軍、荊州刺史。 崇憲衞尉桂陽王休範為鎮北將軍、南徐州刺史。 乙丑，改封安陸王子綏為江夏王。
On geng-shen day, the first of the twelfth month, a directoral order appointed Grand Minister of Works Prince Kui of Donghai Supervisor of the Secretariat and Grand Marshal, and promoted General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Jiangzhou Prince Zixun of Jin'an to General of Chariots and Cavalry with protocol equal to a three-division office. On gui-hai day newly appointed General-in-Chief Who Runs Fast Prince Xiuren of Jian'an was made Minister, Director of the Masters of Writing, and Inspector of Yangzhou, while General Who Pacifies the Army with protocol equal to a three-division office Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang was promoted to General-in-Chief Who Runs Fast and Inspector of Jingzhou. Minister of the Guard for Chongxian Prince Xiufan of Guiyang was appointed General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Southern Xuzhou. On yi-chou day Prince Zisui of Anlu was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Jiangxia.
5
泰始元年冬十二月丙寅，上即皇帝位。 詔曰：
On bing-yin day in the twelfth month of the first year of Taishi, the Prince ascended the imperial throne. An edict declared:
6
高祖武皇帝德洞四瀛，化綿九服。 太祖文皇帝以大明定基； 世祖孝武皇帝以下武寧亂。 日月所照，梯山航海； 風雨所均，削衽襲帶。 所以業固盛漢，聲溢隆周。 子業凶嚚自天，忍悖成性，人面獸心，見於齠日，反道敗德，著自比年。 其狎侮五常，怠棄三正，矯誣上天，毒流下國，實開闢所未有，書契所未聞。 再罹遏密，而無一日之哀； 齊斬在躬，方深北里之樂。 虎兕難匣，憑河必彰，遂誅滅上宰，窮釁逆之酷，虐害國輔，究孥戮之刑。 子鸞同生，以昔憾殄殪。 敬猷兄弟，以睚眦殲夷。 徵逼義陽，將加屠膾。 陵辱戚藩，檟楚妃主。 奪立左右，竊子置儲，肆酗于朝，宣淫于國。 事穢東陵，行汙飛走。 積釁罔極，日月滋深。 比遂圖犯玄宮，志窺題湊，將肆梟、鏡之禍，騁商、頓之心。 又欲鴆毒崇憲，虐加諸父，事均宮閫，聲遍國都。 鴟梟小豎，莫不寵暱，朝廷忠誠，必也戮挫。 收掩之旨，虓虎結轍； 掠奪之使，白刃相望。 百僚危氣，首領無有全地； 萬姓崩心，妻子不復相保。 所以鬼哭山鳴，星鉤血降，神器殆於馭索，景祚危於綴旒。
The High Ancestor Martial Emperor's virtue reached through the four seas, and his transforming influence spread across the nine domains. The Great Ancestor Civil Emperor established the dynasty's foundation in the Daming era; Emperor Xiaowu with martial power quelled the realm's disorder. Wherever sun and moon shone, men climbed mountains and crossed seas to submit; wherever wind and rain fell, they cut their lapels and bound up their sashes in obedience. Thus their achievement outshone the height of Han, and their fame surpassed the glory of Zhou. Ziye was savage and stupid from birth, cruelty and rebellion bred into his nature. Even as a child he showed a human face hiding a beast's heart; in recent years his perversity and moral ruin have become plain to all. He trampled the five constants, cast aside the three orthodoxies, deceived Heaven itself, and let poison seep through the realm—deeds unheard of since the world began and unrecorded in any chronicle. Twice he entered the curtained mourning seclusion, yet never mourned for a single day; even while the hempen garments of deepest mourning were upon him, he abandoned himself to the pleasures of the pleasure quarters. Like a tiger or rhinoceros that no cage could hold, his cruelty could not be concealed—so he slaughtered chief ministers in the full extremity of treason, abused the pillars of state, and carried punishments to the annihilation of whole clans. Ziluan was his own brother by the same mother, yet an old grievance moved him to destroy and kill him. The brothers Jingyou were wiped out over the smallest slight. He summoned and pressed the Prince of Yiyang, intending to butcher and mince him. He humiliated imperial princes related by marriage and flogged princesses and imperial consorts. He placed his favorites in office, installed a bastard as heir apparent, drank to excess at court, and spread debauchery throughout the realm. His conduct shamed even the licentious tales of Dongling; his deeds befouled bird and beast alike. His accumulated crimes knew no limit and deepened with every passing day. Recently he plotted to violate the imperial tombs and cast his eyes upon the throne itself; he would have unleashed punishments of dismemberment and boiling and indulged the cruelty of kings Shang and Li. He also planned to poison Prince Chongxian and extend his cruelty to his uncles; the plot touched the inner palace gates, and word of it filled the capital. Owls, fledglings, and petty lads were all favored intimates, while loyal court officials were slaughtered without exception. Orders for arrest and seizure went out in unbroken streams, like wheel tracks left by ravening tigers; and plundering envoys went forth until naked blades confronted one another on every road. Every official lived in terror, with no safe ground on which to keep his head; and the common people were heartsick, unable even to protect their wives and children. Ghosts wailed and mountains screamed, stars bent and blood rained down; the sacred vessel nearly slipped from the charioteer's grasp, and the dynasty's fortune hung by a thread from the imperial tassels.
7
己巳，以安西將軍、南豫州刺史劉遵考為特進、右光祿大夫，輔國將軍、歷陽南譙二郡太守建平王景素為南豫州刺史。 庚午，以荊州刺史臨海王子頊為鎮軍將軍，南徐州刺史永嘉王子仁為中軍將軍，[1]左衞將軍劉道隆為中護軍。 辛未，改封臨賀王子產為南平王，晉熙王子輿為廬陵王。 壬申，以尚書左僕射王景文為尚書僕射。 新除中護軍劉道隆卒。 癸酉，[2]詔曰：「朕戡亂寧民，屬膺景祚。 鴻制初造，革道惟新。 而國故頻罹，仁澤偏壅。 每鑒寐疚心，罔識攸濟。 巡方問俗，弘政所先，可分遣大使，廣求民瘼，考守宰之良，採衡閭之善。 若獄犴淹枉，傷民害教者，具以事聞。 鰥寡孤獨，癃殘六疾，不能自存者，郡縣優量賑給。 貞婦孝子，高行力田，詳悉條奏。 [3]務詢輿誦，廣納嘉謀，每盡皇華之旨，俾若朕親覽焉。」 乙亥，追尊所生沈婕妤曰宣皇太后。 後軍將軍垣閎為司州刺史，前右將軍長史殷琰為豫州刺史。 丙子，詔曰：「皇室多故，糜費滋廣，且久歲不登，公私歉弊。 方刻意從儉，弘濟時艱，政道未孚，慨愧兼積。 太官供膳，可詳所減撤，尚方御府雕文篆刻無益之物，一皆蠲省，務存簡約，以稱朕心。」 戊寅，崇太后為崇憲皇太后。 立皇后王氏。 鎮軍將軍、江州刺史晉安王子勛舉兵反，鎮軍長史鄧琬為其謀主，雍州刺史袁顗率眾赴之。 辛巳，驃騎大將軍、前荊州刺史山陽王休祐改為江州刺史，荊州刺史臨海王子頊即留本任。 加領軍將軍王玄謨鎮軍將軍。 壬午，車駕謁太廟。 甲申，後將軍、郢州刺史安陸王子綏進號征南將軍，右將軍、會稽太守尋陽王子房進號安東將軍，前將軍、荊州刺史臨海王子頊進號平西將軍。 子綏、子房、子頊並不受命，舉兵同逆。 戊子，新除中軍將軍永嘉王子仁為護軍將軍。
On ji-si day General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Southern Yuzhou Liu Zunkao was appointed Special Grand Master and Right Grand Master of the Palace, and General Who Assists the State and Administrator of Liyang and Nan Qiao commanderies Prince Jingsu of Jianping was made Inspector of Southern Yuzhou. On geng-wu day Inspector of Jingzhou Prince Zixu of Linhai was appointed General Who Pacifies the Army; Inspector of Southern Xuzhou Prince Ziren of Yongjia was made General of the Center Army; [1] and General of the Left Guard Liu Daolong was appointed Colonel of the Garrison. On xin-wei day Prince Zichan of Linhe was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Nanping, and Prince Ziyu of Jinxi as Prince of Luling. On ren-shen day Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Jingwen was promoted to Director of the Masters of Writing. Liu Daolong, newly appointed Colonel of the Garrison, died. On gui-you day, [2] an edict declared: "I have quelled disorder and brought peace to the people, and have received Heaven's luminous mandate. A new order is being forged, and the Way itself is being remade. Yet the state has suffered repeated calamities, and benevolent grace has not reached everywhere equally. Each time I reflect on this I lie awake in guilt, not knowing how to set things right. Touring the realm and learning its customs must come first in good government. Let imperial envoys be sent out broadly to seek out the people's hardships, assess the merit of governors and magistrates, and gather reports of virtue from village lanes. Where prison cases long detain the innocent and harm both the people and public morals, let the facts be reported in full. Widowers, widows, orphans, the solitary, the disabled, and those suffering the six afflictions who cannot support themselves should receive generous measured relief from their commanderies and counties. Chaste wives, filial sons, persons of outstanding conduct, and diligent farmers should be reported in full, item by item. [3] Hear the songs of the common people, welcome good counsel from every quarter, and let the envoys carry out their mission fully, as though I myself were reviewing each report." On yi-hai day the Emperor's birth mother, Lady Shen, was posthumously honored as Empress Xuan. General of the Rear Guard Yuan Hong was appointed Inspector of Si, and former Chief Clerk of the General of the Right Yin Yan was appointed Inspector of Yu. On bing-zi day an edict declared: "The imperial house has endured many troubles; waste and expense grow ever greater; harvests have failed for years, and both public and private coffers are exhausted. We must now deliberately practice austerity to relieve the hardship of the age, yet government has not yet won the people's trust—a burden of sighs and shame weighs upon us. Let the Chief Steward's provision of meals be reviewed in detail for cuts; let carved ornament, seal engraving, and every useless item in the Imperial Workshop and Palace Storehouse be abolished or reduced. Preserve simplicity in all things, as my heart desires." On wu-yin day Empress Dowager Chong was elevated to Grand Empress Dowager Chongxian. Empress Wang was installed. Prince Zixun of Jin'an, General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Jiangzhou, rose in rebellion; Chief Clerk of the Pacifying Army Deng Wan was his chief strategist, and Inspector of Yong Yuan Yi marched to join him. On xin-si day Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang, General-in-Chief Who Runs Fast and former Inspector of Jingzhou, was reassigned as Inspector of Jiangzhou, while Inspector of Jingzhou Prince Zixu of Linhai remained in his original post. General of the Palace Guard Wang Xuamo was given the additional title General Who Pacifies the Army. On ren-wu day the Emperor visited the Imperial Ancestral Temple. On jia-shen day Rear General and Inspector of Ying Prince Zisui of Anlu was promoted to General Who Punishes the South; General of the Right and Administrator of Kuaiji Prince Zifang of Xunyang was promoted to General Who Pacifies the East; and General of the Van and Inspector of Jing Prince Zixu of Linhai was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West. Zisui, Zifang, and Zixu all refused their appointments and rose in joint rebellion. On wu-zi day newly appointed General of the Center Army Prince Ziren of Yongjia was made General Who Protects the Army.
8
二年春正月己丑朔，以軍事不朝會。 庚寅，以金紫光祿大夫王僧朗為左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司。 壬辰，驃騎大將軍、江州刺史山陽王休祐改為南豫州刺史，鎮歷陽。 鎮軍將軍、領軍將軍王玄謨為車騎將軍、江州刺史，平北將軍、徐州刺史薛安都進號安北將軍。 安都亦不受命。 癸巳，以左衞將軍巴陵王休若為鎮東將軍，新除安東將軍尋陽王子房為撫軍將軍，司徒左長史袁愍孫為領軍將軍。 甲午，中外戒嚴。 司徒建安王休仁都督征討諸軍事，統眾軍南討。 以青州刺史劉祗為南兗州刺史。 丙申，以征虜司馬申令孫為徐州刺史，義陽內史龐孟虯為司州刺史。 令孫、孟虯及豫州刺史殷琰、青州刺史沈文秀、冀州刺史崔道固、湘州行事何慧文、廣州刺史袁曇遠、益州刺史蕭惠開、梁州刺史柳元怙並同叛逆。 兗州刺史殷孝祖入衞京都，仍遣孝祖前鋒南伐。 甲辰，加孝祖撫軍將軍。 丙午，車駕親御六師，出頓中興堂。 辛亥，驃騎大將軍、南豫州刺史山陽王休祐改為豫州刺史，統眾軍西討。 吳郡太守顧琛、吳興太守王曇生、義興太守劉延熙、晉陵太守袁摽、山陽太守程天祚並舉兵反。 鎮東將軍巴陵王休若統眾軍東討。 壬子，崇憲皇太后崩。 是日，軍主任農夫、劉懷珍平定義興。 永世縣民史逸宗據縣為逆，殿中將軍陸攸之討平之。 丙辰，以新除左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司王僧朗為特進，左光祿大夫如故。
In the second year, on ji-chou day, the first of the first month of spring, the regular court audience was not held because of military affairs. On geng-yin day Grand Master of the Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon Wang Senglang was appointed Left Grand Master of the Palace with protocol equal to a three-division office. On ren-chen day Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang, General-in-Chief Who Runs Fast and Inspector of Jiangzhou, was reassigned as Inspector of Southern Yuzhou and posted at Liyang. General Who Pacifies the Army and General of the Palace Guard Wang Xuamo was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Jiangzhou, and General Who Levels the North and Inspector of Xuzhou Xue Andu was promoted to General Who Pacifies the North. Andu also refused the appointment. On the guisi day General of the Left Guard Prince Xiuofan of Baling was appointed General Who Guards the East; newly appointed General Who Pacifies the East Prince Zifang of Xunyang was made General Who Comforts the Army; and the Chancellor's Left Chief Clerk Yuan Minsun was appointed General of the Garrison. On the jiawu day martial law was proclaimed inside and outside the capital. Prince Xiuren of Jian'an, serving as Chancellor, was appointed Commander-in-Chief of Pacification and Punitive Forces and led all armies south to attack. Inspector of Qing Liu Zhi was appointed Inspector of Southern Yanzhou. On the bingshen day Chief Clerk of the General Who Conquers the Barbarians Shen Lingsun was appointed Inspector of Xu, and Interior Administrator of Yiyang Pang Mengjiao was appointed Inspector of Si. Lingsun, Mengjiao, and Inspectors Yin Yan of Yu, Shen Wenxiu of Qing, Cui Daogu of Ji, Acting Inspector He Huiwen of Xiang, Yuan Tanyuan of Guang, Xiao Huikai of Yi, and Liu Yuanhu of Liang all joined the rebellion. Inspector of Yan Yin Xiaozu entered the capital to defend it and was then dispatched as vanguard on the southern campaign. On the jiachen day Xiaozu was also made General Who Comforts the Army. On the bingwu day the Emperor personally took command of the Six Armies and advanced to encamp at the Hall of Central Revival. On the xinhai day General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Southern Yuzhou Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang was reassigned as Inspector of Yu and placed in command of all armies on the western campaign. Administrator of Wu Gu Chen, Administrator of Wuxing Wang Tansheng, Administrator of Yixing Liu Yanxi, Administrator of Jinling Yuan Biao, and Administrator of Shanyang Cheng Tianzuo all rose in rebellion. General Who Guards the East Prince Xiuofan of Baling took command of all armies on the eastern campaign. On the renzi day Grand Empress Dowager Chongxian died. That same day the army commanders Ren Nongfu and Liu Huaizhen brought Yixing back under control. A commoner of Yongshi county named Shi Yizong seized the county in rebellion; Palace General Lu Youzhi attacked and put down the rising. On the bingchen day newly appointed Left Grand Master of the Palace with protocol equal to a three-division office Wang Senglang was made Special Grand Master while retaining his post as Left Grand Master of the Palace.
9
二月乙丑，僧朗卒。 尚書僕射王景文父憂去職。 曲赦吳、吳興、義興、晉陵四郡。 吏部尚書蔡興宗為尚書左僕射，吳興太守張永、右軍將軍齊王東討，平晉陵。 癸未，曲赦浙江東五郡。 丁亥，鎮東將軍巴陵王休若進號衞將軍。 建武將軍吳喜公率諸軍破賊於吳、吳興、會稽，平定三郡，同逆皆伏誅。 輔國將軍齊王前鋒北討，輔國將軍劉勔前鋒西討。 [4]賊劉胡領眾四萬據赭圻。
In the second month, on the yichou day, Senglang died. Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Jingwen left office to observe mourning for his father. A partial amnesty was granted to the four commanderies of Wu, Wuxing, Yixing, and Jinling. Minister of Personnel Cai Xingzong was appointed Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; Administrator of Wuxing Zhang Yong and General of the Right Guard Prince of Qi marched east to attack and pacified Jinling. On the guiwei day a partial amnesty was granted to the five commanderies east of the Zhe River. On the dinghai day General Who Guards the East Prince Xiuofan of Baling was promoted to General of the Guard. General Who Establishes Might Wu Xi led the armies to defeat the rebels in Wu, Wuxing, and Kuaiji, pacified the three commanderies, and all who had joined the rebellion were put to death. General Who Assists the State Prince of Qi advanced as vanguard on the northern campaign; General Who Assists the State Liu Yan advanced as vanguard on the western campaign. [4] The rebel Liu Hu led forty thousand men and occupied Zheqi.
10
三月庚寅，撫軍將軍殷孝祖攻赭圻，死之。 以輔國將軍沈攸之代為南討前鋒。 [5]賊眾稍盛，袁顗頓鵲尾，聯營迄至濃湖，眾十餘萬。 壬辰，以新除太子詹事張永為青、冀二州刺史。 丙申，鎮北將軍、南徐州刺史桂陽王休範總統北討諸軍事。 丁酉，以尚書劉思考為徐州刺史。 戊戌，貶尋陽王子房爵為松滋縣侯。 乙巳，以奉朝請鄭黑為司州刺史。 辛亥，鎮北將軍、南徐州刺史桂陽王休範領南兗州刺史。 壬子，斷新錢，專用古錢。 癸丑，原赦揚、南徐二州囚繫，凡逋亡一無所問。
In the third month, on the gengyin day, General Who Comforts the Army Yin Xiaozu attacked Zheqi and was killed in battle. General Who Assists the State Shen Youzhi was appointed vanguard of the southern campaign in his place. [5] The rebel forces steadily grew stronger; Yuan Yan encamped at Quewei, and his linked camps stretched from there to Nonghu, numbering more than a hundred thousand men. On the renchen day newly appointed Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent Zhang Yong was appointed Inspector of Qing and Ji. On the bingshen day General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Southern Xuzhou Prince Xiufan of Guiyang was appointed overall commander of the northern punitive campaign. On the dingyou day Director of the Masters of Writing Liu Sikao was appointed Inspector of Xu. On the wuxu day Prince Zifang of Xunyang was degraded in rank to Marquis of Songzi county. On the yisi day Court Gentleman-for-the-Duration Zheng Hei was appointed Inspector of Si. On the xinhai day General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Southern Xuzhou Prince Xiufan of Guiyang was also made Inspector of Southern Yanzhou. On the renzi day new coin was abolished and only old coin was permitted in circulation. On the guichou day prisoners in Yang and Southern Xu were pardoned, and all fugitives were granted full amnesty without inquiry.
11
夏四月壬午，以散騎侍郎明僧暠為青州刺史。
In summer, the fourth month, on the renwu day Gentleman Cadet of Scattered Cavalry Ming Senghao was appointed Inspector of Qing.
12
五月壬辰，以輔國將軍沈攸之為雍州刺史。 丁酉，曲赦豫州。 丁未，新除尚書僕射王景文為中軍將軍，以青、冀二州刺史張永為鎮軍將軍。 庚戌，以寧朔將軍劉乘民為冀州刺史。 甲寅，葬崇憲皇太后於修寧陵。 [6]冠軍將軍、益州刺史蕭惠開進號平西將軍。
In the fifth month, on the renchen day General Who Assists the State Shen Youzhi was appointed Inspector of Yong. On the dingyou day a partial amnesty was granted to Yu province. On the dingwei day newly appointed Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Wang Jingwen was made General of the Center Army, and Inspector of Qing and Ji Zhang Yong was appointed General Who Guards the Army. On the gengxu day General Who Pacifies the North Liu Chengmin was appointed Inspector of Ji. On the jiayin day Grand Empress Dowager Chongxian was buried at Xiuning Mausoleum. [6] General Who Conquers the Champions and Inspector of Yi Xiao Huikai was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West.
13
六月辛酉，鎮軍將軍張永領徐州刺史。 京師雨水，丁卯，遣殿中將軍檢行賜卹。 以左軍將軍垣恭祖為梁、南秦二州刺史。
In the sixth month, on the xinyou day General Who Guards the Army Zhang Yong was also made Inspector of Xu. Rain fell heavily in the capital; on the dingmao day palace generals were sent out to inspect the damage and grant relief. General of the Left Army Yuan Gongzu was appointed Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin.
14
秋七月己丑，鎮北將軍、南徐兗二州刺史桂陽王休範進號征北大將軍。 辛卯，鎮軍將軍、徐州刺史張永改為南兗州刺史。 丁酉，以仇池太守楊僧嗣為北秦州刺史、武都王。 壬寅，以男子時朗之為北豫州刺史。 乙巳，龍驤將軍劉道符平山陽。 辛亥，又以義軍主鄭叔舉為北豫州刺史，鎮軍將軍、南兗州刺史張永復領徐州刺史。 甲寅，復以冀州刺史崔道固為徐州刺史。
In the seventh month, on the jichou day General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Southern Xu and Yan Prince Xiufan of Guiyang was promoted to General Who Campaigns North. On the xinmao day General Who Guards the Army and Inspector of Xu Zhang Yong was reassigned as Inspector of Southern Yanzhou. On the dingyou day Defender of Chouchi Yang Sengsi was appointed Inspector of Northern Qin and enfeoffed as Prince of Wudu. On the renyin day the commoner Shi Langzhi was appointed Inspector of Northern Yu. On the yisi day General of the Flying Dragons Liu Daofu pacified Shanyang. On the xinhai day Volunteer Army Commander Zheng Shuju was again appointed Inspector of Northern Yu, and General Who Guards the Army and Inspector of Southern Yanzhou Zhang Yong was again made Inspector of Xu. On the jiayin day Inspector of Ji Cui Daogu was again appointed Inspector of Xu.
15
八月己卯，司徒建安王休仁率眾軍大破賊，斬偽尚書僕射袁顗，進討江、郢、荊、雍、湘五州，平定之。 晉安王子勛、安陸王子綏、臨海王子頊、邵陵王子元並賜死，同黨皆伏誅。 諸將軍帥封賞各有差。 甲申，以護軍將軍、永嘉王子仁為平南將軍、湘州刺史。
In the eighth month, on the jimao day Chancellor Prince Xiuren of Jian'an led the armies to a crushing defeat of the rebels, beheaded the rebel Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Yuan Yan, and advanced against the five provinces of Jiang, Ying, Jing, Yong, and Xiang, bringing them all to submission. Prince Zixun of Jin'an, Prince Zisui of Anlu, Prince Zixu of Linhai, and Prince Ziyuan of Shaoling were all ordered to take their own lives, and all their partisans were put to death. The various generals and commanders received enfeoffments and rewards in proportion to their merit. On the jiashen day General Who Protects the Army Prince Ziren of Yongjia was appointed General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Xiang.
16
九月乙酉，曲赦江、郢、荊、雍、湘五州； 守宰不得離職。 壬辰，驃騎大將軍、豫州刺史山陽王休祐改為荊州刺史。 分豫州立南豫州。 癸巳，六軍解嚴。 大赦天下，賜民爵一級。 甲午，以中軍將軍王景文為安南將軍、江州刺史。 戊戌，以車騎將軍、江州刺史王玄謨為左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司、護軍將軍。 庚子，以建安王休仁世子伯融為豫州刺史。 [7]辛丑，衞將軍巴陵王休若即本號為雍州刺史。 雍州刺史沈攸之為郢州刺史。 庚戌，以太子左衞率建平王景素為南兗州刺史。
In the ninth month, on the yiyou day a partial amnesty was granted to the five provinces of Jiang, Ying, Jing, Yong, and Xiang; and local governors and magistrates were forbidden to leave their posts. On the renchen day General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Yu Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang was reassigned as Inspector of Jing. Southern Yu province was carved out from Yu. On the guisi day the Six Armies stood down from martial law. A general amnesty was proclaimed throughout the realm, and the common people were granted one rank of nobility. On the jiawu day General of the Center Army Wang Jingwen was appointed General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Jiang. On the wuxu day General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Jiang Wang Xuanmo was appointed Left Grand Master of the Palace with protocol equal to a three-division office and General Who Protects the Army. On the gengzi day Borong, heir of Prince Xiuren of Jian'an, was appointed Inspector of Yu. [7] On the xinchou day General of the Guard Prince Xiuofan of Baling, while retaining his original rank, was appointed Inspector of Yong. Inspector of Yong Shen Youzhi was appointed Inspector of Ying. On the gengxu day Leader of the Left Guard of the Heir Apparent Prince Jingsu of Jianping was appointed Inspector of Southern Yanzhou.
17
十月乙卯，永嘉王子仁、始安王子真、淮南王子孟、南平王子產、廬陵王子輿、松滋侯子房並賜死。 丁卯，以郢州刺史沈攸之為中領軍，與張永俱北討。 庚午，以吳郡太守顧覬之為湘州刺史。 [8]戊寅，立皇子昱為皇太子。 曲赦揚、南徐二州。 [9]以輔國將軍劉勔為廣州刺史，左軍將軍張世為豫州刺史。
In the tenth month, on the yimao day Prince Ziren of Yongjia, Prince Zizhen of Shian, Prince Zimeng of Huainan, Prince Zichan of Nanping, Prince Ziyu of Luling, and Marquis Zifang of Songzi were all ordered to take their own lives. On the dingmao day Inspector of Ying Shen Youzhi was made General of the Garrison and marched north to campaign together with Zhang Yong. On the gengwu day Administrator of Wu Gu Jizhi was appointed Inspector of Xiang. [8] On the wuyin day the imperial son Yu was established as Crown Prince. A partial amnesty was extended to Yang and Southern Xu provinces. [9] General Who Assists the State Liu Yan was appointed Inspector of Guang, and General of the Left Army Zhang Shi was appointed Inspector of Yu.
18
十一月甲申，以安成太守劉襲為郢州刺史。 壬辰，詔曰：「治崇簡易，化疾繁侈，遠關隆替，明著軌跡者也。 朕拯斯墜運，屬此屯極，仍之以凋耗，因之以師旅，而識昧前王，務艱昔代。 俾夫舊賦既繁，為費彌廣，鑒寐萬務，每思弘革。 方欲緩繇優調，愛民為先，有司詳加寬惠，更立科品。 其方物職貢，各順土宜，出獻納貢，[10]敬依時令。 凡諸蠹俗妨民之事，趣末違本之業，雕華靡麗，奇器異技，並嚴加裁斷，務歸要實。 左右尚方御府諸署，供御制造，咸存儉約。 庶淳風至教，微遵太古，阜財興讓，少敦季俗。」 又詔曰：「夫秉機詢政，[11]立教之攸本； 舉賢聘逸，弘化之所基。 故負鼎進策，殷代以康； 釋釣作輔，周祚斯乂。 朕甫承大業，訓道未敷，雖側席忠規，竚夢巖築，而良圖莫薦，奇士弗聞，永鑒通古，無忘宵寐。 今藩隅克晏，敷化維始，屢懷存治，實望箴闕。 王公卿尹，羣僚庶官，其有嘉謀直獻，匡俗濟時，咸切事陳奏，無或依隱。 若乃林澤貞栖，丘園耿潔，博洽古今，敦崇孝讓，四方在任，可明書搜揚，具即以聞，隨就褒立。」 以建平王景素子延年為新安王。 以新除左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司王玄謨為車騎將軍、南豫州刺史。 丙申，制使東土經荒流散，並各還本，蠲眾調二年。
In the eleventh month, on the jiashen day Administrator of Ancheng Liu Xi was appointed Inspector of Ying. An edict said: "Good government rests on simplicity; reform of the people requires cutting off extravagance—through rise and fall, near and far, the lesson is written plain in history. I have rescued a dynasty in collapse and inherited an age of extremity; upon that came further ruin, and upon that came endless campaigning—yet my understanding falls short of the former kings, and my burdens exceed those of past ages. The old levies were already crushing, and expense grew ever greater; waking or sleeping, I reflect on the myriad affairs of state and constantly seek broad reform. I now intend to ease corvée labor and lighten tax assessments, putting the welfare of the people first; let the offices review the levies in detail, grant further lenience, and establish new categories of assessment. Local products and official tribute should each suit the land that produces them; what is presented and what is delivered as tribute [10] must respectfully follow the seasons. Whatever corrupt customs harm the people, whatever pursuits of luxury betray the fundamentals, whatever carved ornament, extravagant display, strange vessels, or exotic skills—all must be strictly forbidden, so that affairs may return to what is essential and real. The various offices of the Left and Right Imperial Workshop and the Palace Storehouse, in supplying and manufacturing for the court, must all preserve thrift. May the pure wind of highest teaching draw somewhat nearer to Grand Antiquity; may wealth abound through yielding, and the customs of our age grow somewhat more restrained." A second edict said: "To hold the pivot of power and inquire into government [11] is the root of establishing teaching; to raise the worthy and invite the reclusive is the foundation of spreading civilizing influence. When men bore the cauldron and advanced counsel, the Yin dynasty was thereby made secure; when Jiang Ziya cast off his fishing hook and became chief minister, the fortune of Zhou was set right. I have only just inherited the great enterprise; instruction and the Way are not yet spread abroad—though I sit sideways awaiting loyal counsel and stand in dream beside Yanfu and Fuqiu, yet no excellent plan is presented and no extraordinary man comes to my ear; taking antiquity as my mirror, I do not forget vigilance through the night. Now the frontier regions are at peace and the work of spreading transformation is only beginning; again and again I cherish the hope of good order and truly look to my ministers for admonition on what is lacking. Princes, dukes, directors, ministers, and the multitude of officials—whoever has excellent counsel to offer, correcting customs and aiding the age, let all set forth the matter urgently in memorial, without concealment or evasion. As for those of chaste dwelling in forests and marshes, of upright purity in hill and garden retirement, broadly versed in past and present, earnestly honoring filial piety and yielding—officials in office throughout the realm may memorialize clearly to search them out and raise them up, report them fully at once, and enfeoff and establish them according to merit. Yannian, son of Prince Jingsu of Jianping, was enfeoffed as Prince of Xin'an. Newly appointed Left Grand Master of the Palace with protocol equal to a three-division office Wang Xuanmo was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Southern Yu. On the bingshen day an order was issued that those who had wandered and scattered through famine in the eastern lands should each return to their native places, and the people's levies were remitted for two years.
19
十二月己未，以尚書金部郎劉善明為冀州刺史。 乙丑，詔曰：「近眾藩稱亂，多染釁科。 或誠係本朝，事緣逼迫，混同證錮，良以悵然。 夫天道尚仁，德刑並用，雷霆時至，雲雨必解。 朕眷言靜念，思弘風澤，凡應禁削，皆從原蕩。 其文武堪能，隨才銓用。」 辛未，以新除廣州刺史劉勔為益州刺史，前巴西、梓潼二郡太守費混為廣州刺史。 劉勔克壽陽，豫州平。 辛巳，以輔國將軍劉靈遺為梁、南秦二州刺史。 [12]薛安都要引索虜，張永、沈攸之大敗，於是遂失淮北四州及豫州淮西地。
In the twelfth month, on the jiwei day Director of the Gold Section Liu Shanming was appointed Inspector of Ji. An edict said: "Recently many princes rose in disorder, and many were stained by criminal guilt. Some were truly loyal to the dynasty, yet were driven by compulsion; lumped together in chains and imprisonment, I am deeply grieved. The Way of Heaven esteems benevolence; virtue and punishment are employed together—when thunder arrives in season, the rain clouds must surely break. I cherish words in silent reflection, seeking to spread grace across the realm; all who should have been forbidden or stripped of rank are pardoned and cleared. Men of civil and military ability shall be appointed according to their talents." On the xinwei day newly appointed Inspector of Guang Liu Yan was appointed Inspector of Yi, and former Administrator of Baxi and Zitong commanderies Fei Hun was made Inspector of Guang. Liu Yan took Shouyang, and Yu Province was brought under control. On the xinsi day General Who Assists the State Liu Lingyi was appointed Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin. [12] Xue Andu was preparing to bring in the northern barbarians; Zhang Yong and Shen Youzhi were routed, and the dynasty thereby lost the four provinces north of the Huai and the Huai-west portion of Yu.
20
三年春正月庚子，以農役將興，太官停宰牛。 癸卯，曲赦豫、南豫二州。 衞將軍巴陵王休若降號鎮西將軍。
In the third year, on the gengzi day of the first month of spring, because the farming season was about to begin, the Imperial Butcher suspended cattle slaughter. On the guimao day a partial amnesty was extended to Yu and Southern Yu provinces. General of the Guard Prince Xiuofan of Baling was demoted to General Who Guards the West.
21
閏月庚午，京師大雨雪，遣使巡行，賑賜各有差。 戊寅，以游擊將軍垣閎為益州刺史。 [13]
In the intercalary month, on the gengwu day, heavy rain and snow struck the capital; envoys were sent out on relief tours, and aid was distributed in graded amounts. On the wuyin day General Who Attacks in Mobile Warfare Yuan Hong was appointed Inspector of Yi. [13] (End of note.)
22
二月甲申，以御史中丞羊希為廣州刺史。 [14]是日，車駕為戰亡將士舉哀。 己丑，以鎮西司馬劉亮為梁、南秦二州刺史。 索虜寇汝陰，太守張景遠擊破之。 丙申，曲赦青、冀二州。
In the second month, on the jiashen day Supervisor of the Censorate Yang Xi was appointed Inspector of Guang. [14] That same day the emperor held mourning rites for officers and soldiers killed in battle. On the jichou day Chief Clerk of the General Who Guards the West Liu Liang was appointed Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin. Northern barbarians raided Ruyin; Administrator Zhang Jingyuan drove them off. On the bingshen day a partial amnesty was extended to Qing and Ji provinces.
23
三月丙子，以尚書左僕射蔡興宗為安西將軍、郢州刺史。 戊寅，以冠軍將軍王玄載為徐州刺史，寧朔將軍崔平為兗州刺史。
In the third month, on the bingzi day Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Cai Xingzong was appointed General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Ying. On the wuyin day General Who Conquers the Champions Wang Xuanzai was appointed Inspector of Xu, and General Who Pacifies the North Cui Ping was made Inspector of Yan.
24
夏四月癸巳，以前司州刺史鄭黑為司州刺史。 乙未，冠軍將軍、北秦州刺史楊僧嗣進號征西將軍。 庚子，立桂陽王休範第二子德嗣為廬陵王，立侍中劉韞第二子銑為南豐王。 丙午，安西將軍蔡興宗降號平西將軍。
In the fourth month of summer, on the guisi day former Inspector of Si Zheng Hei was reappointed Inspector of Si. On the yiwei day General Who Conquers the Champions and Inspector of Northern Qin Yang Sengsi was promoted to General Who Campaigns West. On the gengzi day Desi, second son of Prince Xiufan of Guiyang, was enfeoffed as Prince of Luling, and Xian, second son of Attendant-in-Ordinary Liu Yun, as Prince of Nanfeng. On the bingwu day General Who Pacifies the West Cai Xingzong was demoted to General Who Levels the West.
25
五月丙辰，宣太后崇寧陵禁內墳屋瘞遷徙者，給葬直，蠲復家丁。 戊午，以車騎將軍、南豫州刺史王玄謨為左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司。 辛酉，罷南豫州并豫州。 壬戌，以太子詹事袁粲為尚書僕射。
In the fifth month, on the bingchen day, those whose tombs within the prohibited precinct of Empress Dowager Xuan's Chongning Mausoleum had been relocated for burial were granted funeral expenses and exempted from household corvée. On the wuwu day General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Southern Yu Wang Xuanmo was appointed Left Grand Master of the Palace with protocol equal to a three-division office. On the xinyou day Southern Yu was abolished and merged into Yu Province. On the renxu day Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent Yuan Can was appointed Director of the Masters of Writing.
26
六月乙酉，以侍中劉韞為湘州刺史。
In the sixth month, on the yiyou day Attendant-in-Ordinary Liu Yun was appointed Inspector of Xiang.
27
秋七月壬子，以左光祿大夫、開府儀同三司王玄謨為特進、左光祿大夫、護軍將軍。 薛安都子伯令略據雍州四郡，刺史巴陵王休若討斬之。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the renzi day Left Grand Master of the Palace with protocol equal to a three-division office Wang Xuanmo was appointed Special Grand Master and General Who Protects the Army while retaining his rank as Left Grand Master of the Palace. Bo Ling, son of Xue Andu, seized four commanderies in Yong; Prince Xiuofan of Baling, as inspector, attacked and killed him.
28
八月丁酉，詔曰：「古者衡虞置制，蝝蚳不收； 川澤產育，登器進御。 所以繁阜民財，養遂生德。 頃商販逐末，競早爭新，折未實之菓，收豪家之利，籠非膳之翼，為戲童之資。 豈所以還風尚本，捐華務實。 宜修道布仁，以革斯蠹。 自今鱗介羽毛，肴核眾品，非時月可採，器味所須，可一皆禁斷，嚴為科制。」 壬寅，以中領軍沈攸之行南兗州刺史，率眾北討。 癸卯，詔曰：「法網之用，期世而行，寬惠之道，因時而布。 況朕尚德戡亂，依仁馭俗，宜每就弘簡，以隆至治。 而頻罹兵革，繇賦未休，軍民巧偽，興事甚多，蹈刑入憲，諒非一科。 至乃假名戎伍，竊爵私庭，因戰散亡，託懼逃役。 且往諸淪逼，雖經累宥，逋竄之黨，猶為實繁。 宵言永懷，良兼矜疚。 思所以重播至澤，覃被區宇。 可大赦天下。」 加新除左光祿大夫王玄謨車騎將軍。 丙午，遣吏部尚書褚淵慰勞緣淮將帥，隨宜量賜。 戊申，以新除右衞將軍劉勔為豫州刺史。
In the eighth month, on the dingyou day an edict declared: "In antiquity, the forest officers Heng and Yu set down regulations by which even the larva of the mantis was left untouched; What rivers and marshes yielded in season was placed on vessels and sent up to the court. This was how the people's wealth was made to flourish and the virtue of nurturing life was fulfilled. Lately merchants have chased profit over substance, vying for the earliest pickings and the newest luxuries—plucking fruit before it ripens, reaping gains for great households, caging birds unfit for the imperial table, and turning living things into toys for child performers. How can this restore respect for fundamentals, cast off ornament, and pursue what is real? We must cultivate the Way and spread benevolence to root out this corruption. From this day forward, fish, shellfish, feathered creatures, fruits, and every delicacy not proper to the season, along with all flavors demanded for the table, are entirely forbidden; strict regulations shall govern this." On the renyin day General of the Garrison Shen Youzhi was appointed Acting Inspector of Southern Yan and marched north at the head of the army. On the guimao day an edict declared: "The law's net is meant to hold through the ages, but mercy and grace must be meted according to the times. Moreover, as I hold to virtue in quelling disorder and govern the people through benevolence, I ought always to favor magnanimity and simplicity, so that the highest form of rule may flourish. Yet repeated warfare has not ended corvée and levies; soldiers and civilians alike have grown cunning, lawsuits multiply, and those who fall under the statutes belong to more than one class of offense. Some have falsely enrolled in the ranks, usurped titles in private, exploited the chaos of battle to vanish, or feigned terror to evade service. And those who were coerced into rebellion in the past, though repeatedly pardoned, still include a great many who remain in flight. My thoughts keep me awake at night, and my heart is full of compassion and guilt. I seek to spread grace once more until it reaches every corner of the realm. Let a general amnesty be proclaimed." Newly appointed Left Grand Master of the Palace Wang Xuanmo was also made General of Chariots and Cavalry. On the bingwu day Minister of Personnel Chu Yuan was sent to console the generals along the Huai and reward them as circumstances warranted. On the wushen day newly appointed General of the Right Guard Liu Yan was appointed Inspector of Yu.
29
九月癸丑，鎮西將軍、雍州刺史巴陵王休若進號衞將軍，平西將軍、郢州刺史蔡興宗進號安西將軍。 乙卯，以越騎校尉周寧民為兗州刺史。 戊午，以皇后六宮以下雜衣千領，金釵千枚，班賜北征將士。 庚申，前將軍兼冀州刺史崔道固進號平北將軍。 甲子，曲赦徐、兗、青、冀四州。
In the ninth month, on the guichou day General Who Guards the West and Inspector of Yong Prince Xiuofan of Baling was promoted to General of the Guard, and General Who Levels the West and Inspector of Ying Cai Xingzong was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West. On the yimao day Colonel of Fast Cavalry Zhou Ningmin was appointed Inspector of Yan. On the wuwu day one thousand assorted garments from the empress and the inner palaces and one thousand gold hairpins were distributed among the soldiers on the northern campaign. On the gengshen day General of the Van and Inspector of Ji Cui Daogu was promoted to General Who Levels the North. On the jiazi day a partial amnesty was extended to Xu, Yan, Qing, and Ji provinces.
30
冬十月壬午，改封新安王延年為始平王。 戊子，芮芮國遣使獻方物。 辛丑，復郡縣公田。 鎮西大將軍、西秦河二州刺史吐谷渾拾寅進號征西大將軍。
In the tenth month of winter, on the renwu day Prince Yannian of Xin'an was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Shiping. On the wuzi day the state of Rouran sent envoys with tribute. On the xinchou day the commandery and county public fields were restored. General Who Guards the West and Inspector of Western Qin and He Tuyuhun Shibin was promoted to General Who Campaigns West.
31
十一月，立建安王休仁第二子伯猷為江夏王，改封義陽王昶為晉熙王。 乙卯，分徐州置東徐州，以輔國將軍張讜為刺史。 高麗國、百濟國遣使獻方物。
In the eleventh month Boyou, second son of Prince Xiuren of Jian'an, was enfeoffed as Prince of Jiangxia, and Prince Chang of Yiyang was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Jinxi. On the yimao day Eastern Xu was established from Xu Province, and General Who Assists the State Zhang Dan was appointed its inspector. Goguryeo and Baekje sent envoys with tribute.
32
十二月庚辰，以寧朔將軍劉休賓為兗州刺史。
In the twelfth month, on the gengchen day General Who Pacifies the North Liu Xiubin was appointed Inspector of Yan.
33
四年春正月己未，車駕親祠南郊，大赦天下。 庚午，衞將軍巴陵王休若降號左將軍。 乙亥，零陵王司馬勗薨。
In the fourth year, on the jiwei day of the first month of spring, the emperor sacrificed at the Southern Suburb in person and proclaimed a general amnesty. On the gengwu day General of the Guard Prince Xiuofan of Baling was demoted to General of the Left. On the yihai day Prince of Lingling Sima Xu died.
34
二月辛丑，以前龍驤將軍常珍奇為平北將軍、司州刺史，珍奇子超越為北冀州刺史。 [15]乙巳，右光祿大夫、車騎將軍、護軍將軍王玄謨薨。 [16]
In the second month, on the xinchou day former General of the Flying Dragons Chang Zhenqi was appointed General Who Levels the North and Inspector of Si, and his son Chaoyue was made Inspector of Northern Ji. [15] On the yisi day Right Grand Master of the Palace, General of Chariots and Cavalry, and General Who Protects the Army Wang Xuanmo died. [16] (End of note.)
35
三月己未，[17]以游擊將軍劉懷珍為東徐州刺史。 戊辰，以軍司馬劉靈遺為梁、南秦二州刺史，[18]南譙太守孫奉伯為交州刺史，[19]交州人李長仁據州叛。 妖賊攻廣州，殺刺史羊希，[20]龍驤將軍陳伯紹討平之。
In the third month, on the jiwei day, [17] General Who Attacks in Mobile Warfare Liu Huaizhen was appointed Inspector of Eastern Xu. On the wuchen day Army Chief Clerk Liu Lingyi was appointed Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin; [18] Administrator of Nanqiao Sun Fengbo was made Inspector of Jiao; [19] and Li Changren of Jiao seized the province in rebellion. Rebel bandits attacked Guang, killed Inspector Yang Xi, [20] and General of the Flying Dragons Chen Boshao suppressed and pacified them.
36
夏四月己卯，復減郡縣田祿之半。 [21]丙申，東海王褘改封廬江王，[22]山陽王休祐改封晉平王，改晉安郡為晉平郡。 辛丑，芮芮國及河南王並遣使獻方物。 甲辰，以豫章太守張辯為廣州刺史。
In the fourth month of summer, on the jimao day the field stipends of commanderies and counties were again cut in half. [21] On the bingshen day Prince Hui of Donghai was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Lujiang; [22] Prince Xiuyou of Shanyang was re-enfeoffed as Prince of Jinping, and Jin'an commandery was renamed Jinping commandery. On the xinchou day Rouran and the King of Henan both sent envoys with tribute. On the jiachen day Administrator of Yuzhang Zhang Bian was appointed Inspector of Guang.
37
五月乙巳，[23]曲赦廣州。 癸亥，以行雍州刺史巴陵王休若行湘州刺史，會稽太守張永為雍州刺史，湘州刺史劉韞為南兗州刺史。
In the fifth month, on the yisi day, [23] a partial amnesty was extended to Guang Province. On the guihai day Acting Inspector of Yong Prince Xiuofan of Baling was appointed Acting Inspector of Xiang, Administrator of Kuaiji Zhang Yong was made Inspector of Yong, and Inspector of Xiang Liu Yun was appointed Inspector of Southern Yan.
38
八月戊子，以南康相劉勃為交州刺史。 [24]辛卯，分青州置東青州，以輔國將軍沈文靖為東青州刺史。 [25]丁酉，安南將軍、江州刺史王景文進號鎮南將軍。
In the eighth month, on the wuzi day Chancellor of Nankang Liu Bo was appointed Inspector of Jiao. [24] On the xinmao day Eastern Qing was established from Qing Province, and General Who Assists the State Shen Wenjing was appointed Inspector of Eastern Qing. [25] On the dingyou day General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Jiang Wang Jingwen was promoted to General Who Guards the South.
39
九月丙辰，以驃騎長史張悅為雍州刺史。 戊辰，詔曰：「夫愆有小大，憲隨寬猛，故五刑殊用，三典異施。 而降辟次網，便暨鉗撻，求之法科，差品滋遠。 朕務存欽卹，每有矜貸。 尋劫制科罪，[26]輕重同之大辟，即事原情，未為詳衷。 自今凡竊執官仗，拒戰邏司，或攻剽亭寺，及害吏民者，凡此諸條，悉依舊制。 五人以下相逼奪者，可特賜黥刖，投畀四遠，仍用代殺，方古為優，全命長戶，施同造物。 庶簡惠之化，有孚羣萌，好生之德，無漏幽品。」 庚午，曲赦揚、南徐、兗、豫四州。
In the ninth month, on the bingchen day Chief Clerk of the Agile Cavalry Zhang Yue was appointed Inspector of Yong. On the wuchen day an edict declared: "Crimes vary in gravity, and the law must vary between lenience and severity—hence the five punishments are applied differently and the three canons enforced in different ways. Yet under secondary statutes one soon sinks to shackles and flogging; measured against the written code, the gradations have grown far too coarse. I have sought to govern with reverent compassion and have often granted clemency. Examining the robbery statutes, [26] light and grave offenses alike receive capital punishment; judged case by case, this is neither precise nor fair. From this day forward, all who steal official weapons, resist arrest, raid courier stations and temples, or harm officials and commoners—in every such case the old regulations shall apply. For groups of fewer than five who jointly robbed by force, special tattooing and amputation may be imposed and the offenders exiled to the remotest regions, still using commutation for execution—more merciful than antiquity, preserving life and household, a grace like that of Heaven itself. May the rule of simplicity and mercy win the people's trust, and the virtue of cherishing life reach even those hidden from sight." On the gengwu day a partial amnesty was extended to Yang, Southern Xu, Yan, and Yu provinces.
40
冬十月癸酉朔，日有蝕之。 發諸州兵北討。 南康、建安、安成、宣城四郡，昔不同南逆，並不在徵發之例。 甲戌，割揚州之義興郡屬南徐州。
On the first day of the tenth month of winter, guiyou, there was a solar eclipse. Troops were mobilized from the provinces for the northern campaign. The four commanderies of Nankang, Jian'an, Ancheng, and Xuancheng had never joined the southern rebellion and were all exempt from the levy. On the jiaxu day Yixing commandery was detached from Yang and placed under Southern Xu.
41
五年春正月癸亥，車駕躬耕藉田。 大赦天下，賜力田爵一級。
In the fifth year, on the guihai day of the first month of spring, the emperor personally plowed the sacred field. A general amnesty was proclaimed, and diligent farmers received one step in rank.
42
二月丙申，分豫州、揚州立南豫州，以太尉廬江王褘為車騎將軍，開府儀同三司、南豫州刺史。
In the second month, on the bingshen day Southern Yu was established from Yu and Yang, and Grand Marshal Prince Hui of Lujiang was appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry with protocol equal to a three-division office and Inspector of Southern Yu.
43
三月乙卯，於南豫州立南義陽郡。 丙寅，車駕幸中堂聽訟。 己巳，河南王遣使獻方物。
In the third month, on the yimao day Southern Yiyang commandery was established within Southern Yu. On the bingyin day the emperor visited the Central Hall to hear cases. On the jisi day the King of Henan sent envoys with tribute.
44
夏四月辛未，割雍州隨郡屬郢州。 乙酉，割豫州義陽郡屬郢州，郢州西陽郡屬豫州。 戊子，以寧朔將軍崔公烈為兗州刺史。 戊戌，新除給事黃門侍郎杜幼文為梁、南秦二州刺史。
In the fourth month of summer, on the xinwei day Sui commandery was detached from Yong and placed under Ying Province. On the yiyou day Yiyang commandery was transferred from Yu to Ying, and Xiyang commandery from Ying to Yu. On the wuzi day General Who Pacifies the North Cui Gonglie was appointed Inspector of Yan. On the wuxu day newly appointed Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate in the Palace Secretariat Du Youwen was appointed Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin.
45
六月辛未，立晉平王休祐子宣曜為南平王。 [27]壬申，以安西將軍、郢州刺史蔡興宗為鎮東將軍。 癸酉，以左衞將軍沈攸之為郢州刺史。 以軍興已來，百官斷俸，並給生食。 丁丑，車騎將軍、南豫州刺史廬江王褘免官爵。 戊寅，以左將軍、行湘州刺史巴陵王休若為征南將軍、湘州刺史。 壬午，罷南豫州。 丙戌，以新除給事黃門侍郎劉亮為益州刺史。
In the sixth month, on the xinwei day Xuanyao, son of Prince Xiuyou of Jinping, was enfeoffed as Prince of Nanping. [27] On the renshen day General Who Pacifies the West and Inspector of Ying Cai Xingzong was appointed General Who Guards the East. On the guiyou day General of the Left Guard Shen Youzhi was appointed Inspector of Ying. Since the outbreak of war, official salaries had been suspended and officials were given uncooked provisions instead. On the dingchou day General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Southern Yu Prince Hui of Lujiang was deprived of his posts and titles. On the wuyin day General of the Left and Acting Inspector of Xiang Prince Xiuofan of Baling was appointed General Who Campaigns South and Inspector of Xiang. On the renwu day Southern Yu Province was abolished. On the bingxu day newly appointed Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate in the Palace Secretariat Liu Liang was appointed Inspector of Yi.
46
秋七月己酉，以輔國將軍王亮為徐州刺史，東莞太守陳伯紹為交州刺史。 甲寅，以山陽太守李靈謙為兗州刺史。 壬戌，改輔國將軍為輔師將軍。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the jiyou day General Who Assists the State Wang Liang was appointed Inspector of Xu, and Administrator of Dongguan Chen Bozhao was made Inspector of Jiao. On the jiayin day Administrator of Shanyang Li Lingqian was appointed Inspector of Yan. On the renxu day the title General Who Assists the State was redesignated General Who Assists the Army.
47
八月己丑，以右將軍行豫州刺史劉勔為平西將軍、豫州刺史。 壬辰，以海陵太守劉崇智為冀州刺史。
In the eighth month, on the jichou day General of the Right and Acting Inspector of Yu Liu Mian was appointed General Who Levels the West and Inspector of Yu. On the renchen day Administrator of Hailing Liu Chongzhi was appointed Inspector of Ji.
48
九月甲寅，立長沙王纂子延之為始平王。 戊午，中領軍王琨遷職。 己未，詔曰：「夫箕、潁之操，振古所貴，沖素之風，哲王攸重。 朕屬橫流之會，接難晦之辰，龕暴剪亂，日不暇給。 今雖關、隴猶靄，區縣澄氛，偃武修文，於是乎在。 思崇廉耻，用靜馳薄，固已物色載懷，寢興竚歎。 其有貞栖隱約，息事衡樊，[28]鑿坏遺榮，負釣辭聘，志恬江海，行高塵俗者，在所精加搜括，時以名聞。 將賁園矜德，茂昭厥禮。 羣司各舉所知，以時授爵。」 乙丑，以新除平西將軍、豫州刺史劉勔為中領軍。
In the ninth month, on the jiayin day Yanzhi, son of Prince Zuan of Changsha, was enfeoffed as Prince of Shiping. On the wuwu day General of the Garrison Wang Kun was transferred from office. On the jiwei day an edict declared: "The integrity of the hermits of Ji and Ying has been honored through the ages; the unadorned way of life is what wise rulers have always esteemed. I came to the throne in an age of turmoil and inherited rule in dark and difficult days; though I have pacified the violent and suppressed rebellion, I have scarcely had a moment to rest. Though Guan and Long still remain unsettled, local districts are beginning to calm; the time to sheathe weapons and foster culture is now at hand. I wish to promote a sense of honor and shame and thereby restrain reckless indulgence; I have long kept this search in mind, rising and sleeping with sighs of concern. Those who live in steadfast seclusion, withdraw to quiet homesteads, [28] break down their doors and renounce rank, fish by the waterside and refuse summons, whose hearts find peace in rivers and seas and whose conduct towers above the vulgar—in every region they shall be diligently sought out and promptly brought to fame. We shall grace their estates and honor their virtue, making their due rites splendidly manifest. Every department shall recommend men of its acquaintance, and enfeoffments shall be conferred at the proper time." On the yichou day newly appointed General Who Levels the West and Inspector of Yu Liu Mian was appointed General of the Garrison.
49
冬十月丁卯朔，日有蝕之。
On the first day of the tenth month of winter, dingmao, there was a solar eclipse.
50
十一月丁未，索虜遣使獻方物。
In the eleventh month, on the dingwei day, the northern barbarians sent envoys with tribute.
51
閏月戊子，驃騎大將軍、荊州刺史晉平王休祐以本號為南徐州刺史，征南將軍、湘州刺史巴陵王休若為征西將軍、荊州刺史，輔師將軍孟次陽為兗州刺史，[29]義陽太守呂安國為司州刺史。
In the intercalary month, on the wuzi day Prince Xiuyou of Jinping, General-in-Chief Who Runs Fast and Inspector of Jing, was appointed Inspector of Southern Xu while retaining his original rank; Prince Xiuofan of Baling, General Who Campaigns South and Inspector of Xiang, was made General Who Campaigns West and Inspector of Jing; General Who Assists the Army Meng Ciyang was appointed Inspector of Yan; [29] and Administrator of Yiyang Lu Anguo was made Inspector of Si.
52
十二月戊戌，司徒建安王休仁解揚州刺史。 己未，以征北大將軍、南徐州刺史桂陽王休範為中書監、中軍將軍、揚州刺史，[30]吳興太守建平王景素為湘州刺史，輔師將軍建安王世子伯融為廣州刺史。 [31]庚申，分荊、益州五郡置三巴校尉。
In the twelfth month, on the wuxu day Minister Prince Xiuren of Jian'an stepped down as Inspector of Yang. On the jiwei day Grand General Who Campaigns North and Inspector of Southern Xu Prince Xiufan of Guiyang was appointed Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, General of the Center Army, and Inspector of Yang; [30] Administrator of Wuxing Prince Jingsu of Jianping was made Inspector of Xiang; and Boyong, heir of Prince Xiuren of Jian'an and General Who Assists the Army, was appointed Inspector of Guang. [31] On the gengshen day five commanderies from Jing and Yi were split off to establish the post of Commandant of Sanba.
53
六年春正月乙亥，初制間二年一祭南郊，間一年一祭明堂。
In the sixth year, on the yihai day of the first month of spring, a new rule was established: sacrifice at the Southern Suburb every second year and at the Bright Hall every year.
54
二月壬寅，司徒建安王休仁為太尉，領司徒。 癸丑，皇太子納妃。 甲寅，大赦天下。 巧注從軍，不在赦例。 班賜各有差。
In the second month, on the renyin day Minister Prince Xiuren of Jian'an was appointed Grand Marshal while retaining the post of Minister. On the guichou day the Crown Prince received his bride. On the jiayin day a general amnesty was proclaimed. Men entered for service through fraudulent annotation were not included in the amnesty. Bounty was distributed in graded amounts.
55
三月乙亥，中護軍劉襲卒。 丁丑，以太子詹事張永為護軍將軍。
In the third month, on the yihai day General Who Protects the Army Liu Xi died. On the dingchou day Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent Zhang Yong was appointed General Who Protects the Army.
56
夏四月癸亥，立第六皇子燮為晉熙王。
In the fourth month of summer, on the guihai day the sixth prince, Xie, was enfeoffed as Prince of Jinxi.
57
五月丁丑，以前軍將軍陳胤宗為徐州刺史。 丁亥，以冠軍將軍吐谷渾拾虔為平西將軍。 戊子，奉朝請孔玉為寧州刺史。
In the fifth month, on the dingchou day former General of the Van Chen Yinzong was appointed Inspector of Xu. On the dinghai day General Who Conquers the Champions Tuyuhun Shipian was appointed General Who Levels the West. On the wuzi day Court Gentleman-for-the-Duration Kong Yu was appointed Inspector of Ning.
58
六月己亥，以第五皇子智井繼東平沖王休倩。 庚子，以侍中劉韞為撫軍將軍、雍州刺史，前將軍、郢州刺史沈攸之進號鎮軍將軍，揚州刺史桂陽王休範為征南大將軍、江州刺史。 癸卯，以鎮南將軍、江州刺史王景文為尚書左僕射、揚州刺史，尚書僕射袁粲為尚書右僕射。 己未，改臨賀郡為臨慶郡，追改東平王休倩為臨慶沖王。
In the sixth month, on the jihai day the fifth prince, Zhijing, succeeded to the line of Chong Prince Xiuxian of Dongping. On the gengzi day Attendant-in-Ordinary Liu Yun was appointed General Who Comforts the Army and Inspector of Yong; General of the Van and Inspector of Ying Shen Youzhi was promoted to General Who Pacifies the Army; and Inspector of Yang Prince Xiufan of Guiyang was made Grand General Who Campaigns South and Inspector of Jiang. On the guimao day General Who Pacifies the South and Inspector of Jiang Wang Jingwen was appointed Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and Inspector of Yang, and Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Yuan Can was made Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. On the jiwei day Linhe commandery was renamed Linqing commandery, and Prince Xiuxian of Dongping was posthumously retitled Chong Prince of Linqing.
59
七月丙戌，第五皇子智井薨。
In the seventh month, on the bingxu day the fifth prince, Zhijing, died.
60
九月乙丑，中領軍劉勔加平北將軍。 戊寅，立總明觀，徵學士以充之。 置東觀祭酒。 癸未，以第八皇子智渙繼臨慶沖王休倩。
In the ninth month, on the yichou day General of the Garrison Liu Mian was also made General Who Levels the North. On the wuyin day the Zongming Hall was founded and scholars were recruited to staff it. A Director of the Eastern Pavilion was appointed. On the guiwei day the eighth prince, Zhihuan, succeeded to the line of Chong Prince Xiuxian of Linqing.
61
冬十月辛卯，立第九皇子贊為武陵王。 乙巳，以前右軍馬詵為北雍州刺史。 己酉，車駕幸東堂聽訟。
In the tenth month of winter, on the xinmao day the ninth prince, Zan, was enfeoffed as Prince of Wuling. On the yisi day former General of the Right Army Ma Shen was appointed Inspector of Northern Yong. On the jiyou day the emperor visited the Eastern Hall to hear cases.
62
十一月己巳，高麗國遣使獻方物。
In the eleventh month, on the jisi day the state of Goguryeo sent envoys with tribute.
63
十二月癸巳，以邊難未息，制父母陷異域，悉使婚宦。 戊戌，以始興郡為宋安郡。 丙辰，護軍將軍張永遷職。
In the twelfth month, on the guisi day, because frontier warfare had not yet ended, an edict ordered that wherever parents remained captive in enemy territory, their children should marry and accept official posts. On the wuxu day Shixing commandery was renamed Song'an commandery. On the bingchen day General Who Protects the Army Zhang Yong was transferred from office.
64
三月辛酉，索虜遣使獻方物。 壬戌，芮芮國遣使奉獻。
In the third month, on the xinyou day the northern barbarians sent envoys with tribute. On the renxu day the state of Rouran sent envoys bearing tribute.
65
夏四月辛丑，減天下死罪一等，凡敕繫悉遣之。 甲辰，於南兗州置新平郡。 癸丑，金紫光祿大夫張永領護軍。
In the fourth month of summer, on the xinchou day capital punishment was commuted one degree throughout the realm, and everyone detained by imperial order was set free. On the jiachen day Xinping commandery was created within Southern Yan Province. On the guichou day Grand Master of the Golden Seal and Purple Ribbon Zhang Yong was additionally placed in charge as General Who Protects the Army.
66
五月戊午，司徒建安王休仁有罪，自殺。 辛酉，以寧朔長史孫超之為廣州刺史，尚書左僕射、揚州刺史王景文以刺史領中書監。 庚午，以尚書右僕射袁粲為尚書令，新除吏部尚書褚淵為尚書右僕射。 [32]辛未，監吳郡王僧虔行湘州刺史。 丙戌，追免晉平王休祐為庶人。
In the fifth month, on the wuwu day Minister Prince Xiuren of Jian'an, found guilty of an offense, took his own life. On the xinyou day Chief Clerk of the General Who Pacifies the North Sun Chaozhi was appointed Inspector of Guang; Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing and Inspector of Yang Wang Jingwen served concurrently as Supervisor of the Masters of Writing while remaining inspector. On the gengwu day Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Yuan Can was appointed Director of the Masters of Writing, and newly appointed Minister of Personnel Chu Yuan was made Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing. [32] On the xinwei day Wang Sengqian of Wu commandery was placed in supervisory charge as Acting Inspector of Xiang. On the bingxu day Prince Xiuyou of Jinping was retroactively degraded to commoner status.
67
六月丁酉，以征南大將軍、江州刺史桂陽王休範為驃騎大將軍、南徐州刺史，征北大將軍巴陵王休若為車騎大將軍、江州刺史。 甲辰，芮芮國遣使獻方物。
In the sixth month, on the dingyou day Grand General Who Campaigns South and Inspector of Jiang Prince Xiufan of Guiyang was appointed General-in-Chief Who Runs Fast and Inspector of Southern Xu, and Grand General Who Campaigns North Prince Xiuofan of Baling was made General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Jiang. On the jiachen day the state of Rouran sent envoys with tribute.
68
秋七月丁巳，罷散騎奏舉郎。 乙丑，新除車騎大將軍、江州刺史巴陵王休若薨，桂陽王休範以新除驃騎大將軍，還為江州。 庚午，以第三皇子準為撫軍將軍。 辛未，以太子詹事劉秉為南徐州刺史。 戊寅，以寧朔將軍沈懷明為南兗州刺史。 乙酉，於冀州置西海郡。
In the seventh month of autumn, on the dingsi day the post of Scattered Cavalry Presenter of Memorials Attendant was abolished. On the yichou day newly appointed General of Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector of Jiang Prince Xiuofan of Baling died; Prince Xiufan of Guiyang, having just been made General-in-Chief Who Runs Fast, returned to serve as inspector of Jiang. On the gengwu day the third prince, Zhun, was appointed General Who Comforts the Army. On the xinwei day Grand Mentor of the Heir Apparent Liu Bing was appointed Inspector of Southern Xu. On the wuyin day General Who Pacifies the North Shen Huaiming was appointed Inspector of Southern Yan. On the yiyou day Xihai commandery was created within Ji Province.
69
八月戊子，第八皇子躋繼江夏文獻王義恭。 庚寅，以疾愈大赦天下。 冀州刺史劉崇智加青州刺史。 戊戌，立第三皇子準為安成王。
In the eighth month, on the wuzi day the eighth prince, Ji, succeeded to the line of Prince Yigong of Jiangxia, posthumous title Wen. On the gengyin day, upon recovery from illness, a general amnesty was proclaimed. Inspector of Ji Liu Chongzhi was also made Inspector of Qing. On the wuxu day the third prince, Zhun, was enfeoffed as Prince of Ancheng.
70
九月辛未，以越騎校尉周寧民為徐州刺史。
In the ninth month, on the xinwei day Colonel of Fast Cavalry Zhou Ningmin was appointed Inspector of Xu.
71
冬十一月戊午，[33]百濟國遣使獻方物。
In the eleventh month of winter, on the wuwu day, [33] the state of Baekje sent envoys with tribute.
72
十二月丁酉，分豫州、南兗州立南豫州，以歷陽太守王玄載為南豫州刺史。
In the twelfth month, on the dingyou day Southern Yu was established from Yu and Southern Yan, and Administrator of Liyang Wang Xuanzai was appointed its inspector.
73
泰豫元年春正月甲寅朔，上有疾不朝會。 以疾患未痊，故改元。 賜孤老貧疾粟帛各有差。 戊午，皇太子會萬國於東宮，并受貢計。
In the first year of Taizong, on the first day of the first month of spring, jiayin, the emperor was ill and did not attend court. Because his illness had not yet fully recovered, the reign title was changed. Grain and cloth were granted to orphans, the elderly, the poor, and the sick in graded amounts. On the wuwu day the Crown Prince received the tribute-bearing states at the Eastern Palace and took in their tribute registers.
74
二月辛丑，以給事黃門侍郎王瞻為司州刺史。
In the second month, on the xinchou day Attendant Gentleman of the Yellow Gate in the Palace Secretariat Wang Zhan was appointed Inspector of Si.
75
三月癸丑朔，林邑國遣使獻方物。 己未，中書監、揚州刺史王景文卒。
On the first day of the third month, guichou, the state of Linyi sent envoys with tribute. On the jiwei day Supervisor of the Masters of Writing and Inspector of Yang Wang Jingwen died.
76
夏四月辛卯，以撫軍司馬蔡那為益州刺史。 癸巳，以右衞將軍張興世為雍州刺史。 [34]己亥，上大漸。 驃騎大將軍、江州刺史桂陽王休範進位司空，尚書右僕射褚淵為護軍將軍，中領軍劉勔加尚書右僕射，鎮東將軍蔡興宗為征西將軍、開府儀同三司、荊州刺史，鎮軍將軍、郢州刺史沈攸之進號安西將軍。 詔曰：「朕自臨御億兆，仍屬戎寇，雖每存弘化，而惠弗覃遠，軍國凋弊，刑訟未息。 今大漸維危，載深矜歎。 可緩徭優調，去繁就約。 因改之宜，詳有簡衷。 務以愛民為先，以宣朕遺意。」 袁粲、褚淵、劉勔、蔡興宗、沈攸之同被顧命。 是日，上崩于景福殿，時年三十四。 五月戊寅，葬臨沂縣莫府山高寧陵。
In the fourth month of summer, on the xinmao day Chief Clerk of the General Who Comforts the Army Cai Na was appointed Inspector of Yi. On the guisi day General of the Left Guard Zhang Xingshi was appointed Inspector of Yong. [34] On the jihai day the emperor grew deathly ill. Prince Xiufan of Guiyang, General-in-Chief Who Runs Fast and Inspector of Jiang, was promoted to Minister of Works; Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Chu Yuan was appointed General Who Protects the Army; General of the Garrison Liu Mian was also made Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing; General Who Guards the East Cai Xingzong was appointed General Who Campaigns West with protocol equal to a three-division office and Inspector of Jing; and General Who Pacifies the Army and Inspector of Ying Shen Youzhi was promoted to General Who Pacifies the West. An edict declared: "Since I ascended the throne to govern the myriad people, we have still been harried by enemy armies; though I have constantly sought broad reform, my kindness has not reached far enough; the army and state are exhausted, and lawsuits have not yet ended. Now, as my end draws near and danger is acute, my compassionate grief is profound. Corvée labor should be relaxed and tax levies eased; cast off what is burdensome and keep what is essential. In keeping with the needs of this change of reign, review matters carefully and choose what is truly essential. Put the welfare of the people first, and thereby give expression to my final wishes. 」Yuan Can, Chu Yuan, Liu Yan, Cai Xingzong, and Shen Youzhi were all entrusted with the testamentary charge. That same day the emperor died in the Hall of Blessed Felicity, at the age of thirty-four. In the fifth month, on the wuyin day, he was interred at Gaoning Mausoleum on Mount Mofu in Linyi county.
77
帝少而和令，風姿端雅。 早失所生，養於太后宮內。 大明世，諸弟多被猜忌，唯上見親，常侍路太后醫藥。 好讀書，愛文義，在藩時，撰江左以來文章志，又續衞瓘所注論語二卷，行於世。 及即大位，四方反叛，以寬仁待物，諸軍帥有父兄子弟同逆者，並授以禁兵，委任不易，故眾為之用，莫不盡力。 平定天下，逆黨多被全，其有才能者，並見授用，有如舊臣。 才學之士，多蒙引進，參侍文籍，應對左右。 於華林園含芳堂講周易，[35]常自臨聽。 末年好鬼神，多忌諱，言語文書，有禍敗凶喪及疑似之言應回避者，數百千品，有犯必加罪戮。 改「騧」為馬邊瓜，[36]亦以「騧」字似「禍」字故也。 以南苑借張永，云「且給三百年，期訖更啟」。 其事類皆如此。 宣陽門，民間謂之白門，上以白門之名不祥，甚諱之。 尚書右丞江謐嘗誤犯，上變色曰：「白汝家門！」 謐稽顙謝，久之方釋。 太后停屍漆牀先出東宮，上嘗幸宮，見之怒甚，免中庶子官，職局以之坐者數十人。 [37]內外常慮犯觸，人不自保。 宮內禁忌尤甚，移牀治壁，必先祭土神，使文士為文詞祝策，如大祭饗。 泰始、泰豫之際，更忍虐好殺，左右失旨忤意，往往有斮刳斷截者。 時經略淮、泗，軍旅不息，荒弊積久，府藏空竭。 內外百官，並日料祿俸； [38]而上奢費過度，務為彫侈。 每所造制，必為正御三十副，御次、副又各三十，須一物輒造九十枚，天下騷然，民不堪命。 其餘事迹，列見眾篇。 [39]親近讒慝，剪落皇枝，宋氏之業，自此衰矣。
From childhood the emperor was mild and gracious, with a stately and elegant bearing. His birth mother died when he was young, and he was raised in the Empress Dowager's inner palace. During the Daming era many of his younger brothers fell under suspicion, yet the emperor alone remained in favor and regularly attended Empress Dowager Lu in her illness. He loved books and literary pursuits; while still a prince he compiled a catalogue of writings since the Jiangzuo period and continued Wei Guan's two-fascicle commentary on the Analects, both of which circulated widely. After he took the throne rebellions erupted everywhere, yet he treated people with generous forbearance; even commanders whose fathers, brothers, or sons had joined the rebels were still given command of the palace guard without change of appointment, and so his armies served him wholeheartedly. Once the realm was pacified, many rebels were spared, and men of talent were appointed to office as if they had long served the dynasty. Scholars and men of letters were frequently promoted to attend on literary matters and converse at the emperor's side. Lectures on the Book of Changes were held at the Hall of Fragrant Blossoms in the Hualin Garden, [35] and the emperor often listened in person. In his final years he grew obsessed with spirits and taboos; speech and official writing had to avoid hundreds of words associated with disaster, defeat, mourning, and death, and offenders were put to death. He replaced the taboo character gua (written for piebald horse) with 「horse beside melon」, [36] because gua resembled the character for calamity. He lent the Southern Park to Zhang Yong, saying, 「This grant is only for three hundred years; when the term expires, you must apply again.」 His dealings were all of this sort. The Xuanyang Gate was commonly called the White Gate; the emperor regarded the name as ill-omened and strictly forbade it. Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing Jiang Mi once accidentally used the forbidden word; the emperor flushed with anger and said: 「May your family gate be whitened! 」Mi kowtowed in apology and was not dismissed until some time had passed. The Empress Dowager's body was placed on a lacquered couch and removed from the Eastern Palace ahead of the proper rites; when the emperor visited the palace and saw this he was enraged, dismissed the Palace Attendant, and punished several dozen officials in the responsible office. [37] At court and beyond, people lived in constant fear of giving offense and could not feel safe. Palace taboos were especially strict: moving beds or repairing walls required sacrifice to the Earth Spirit and ritual compositions by literary men, as at a major state sacrifice. At the transition from Taishi to Taiyu he grew more brutal and bloodthirsty; attendants who missed his meaning or displeased him were often hacked apart, disemboweled, or mutilated. Campaigns along the Huai and Si kept the armies constantly in the field; after years of devastation the treasury was exhausted. Officials throughout the court and provinces were paid their salaries and stipends by the day; [38] yet the emperor spent extravagantly and insisted on ornate luxury. Every object he ordered was made in thirty sets for primary imperial use, thirty for secondary use, and thirty for tertiary use—ninety pieces for a single item—throwing the realm into turmoil and crushing the people. His other deeds are recorded in detail elsewhere in the work. [39] Favorites spread slander and cut down the imperial clan; from that point the Song dynasty began to decline.
78
史臣曰：聖人立法垂制，所以必稱先王，蓋由遺訓餘風，足以貽之來世也。 太祖負扆南面，實有君人之懿焉，經國之義雖弘，而隆家之道不足。 彭城王照不窺古，本無卓爾之資，[40]徒見昆弟之義，未識君臣之禮，冀以此家情，行之國道，主猜而猶犯，恩薄而未悟，致以呵訓之微行，遂成滅親之大禍。 開端樹隙，垂之後人。 雖天倫之重，義殊凡戚，而中人以下，情由恩變。 至於易衣而出，分苦而食，與夫別宮異門，形疎事隔者，宜有降矣。 太宗因易隙之情，據已行之典，剪落洪枝，願不待慮。 既而本根無庇，幼主孤立，神器以勢弱傾移，靈命隨樂推回改。 斯蓋履霜有漸，堅冰自至，所從來遠也。
The historian writes: Sages establish laws and transmit institutions, and therefore invoke the former kings—their surviving instructions and enduring influence are enough to bequeath to posterity. The Founding Emperor, seated facing south with the screen at his back, truly possessed the virtues of a ruler; though his statecraft was far-reaching, he did not sufficiently strengthen the royal house. Prince Zhao of Pengcheng did not study antiquity and lacked outstanding talent, [40] understanding only brotherly affection and not the rites between ruler and minister; he tried to govern the state by family sentiment—the suspicious sovereign was provoked, slender grace went unheeded, and a minor rebuke became the great catastrophe of kin destroyed. He opened the breach and planted discord for those who came after. Though the bonds of kin are weightier in principle than ordinary affection, for men of middling character feeling follows favor. Between sharing clothes and food in hardship on the one hand and living in separate palaces behind different gates on the other, affection ought naturally to decline. Emperor Taizong, exploiting the rift thus opened, followed precedent already in force and pruned the great branches of the clan without hesitation. Thereafter the dynasty lost its foundation, the young emperor stood alone, the throne shifted as power weakened, and the mandate changed with the tide of popular acclaim. This is the gradual treading of frost until solid ice forms—the cause lies far in the past.
79
校勘記
Textual collation notes
80
南徐州刺史永嘉王子仁為中軍將軍各本並脫「南」字，據永嘉王子仁傳補。
「Liu Ziren, Prince of Yongjia, Inspector of Southern Xuzhou, was made General of the Central Army」: all editions omit 「Southern」; restored from the biography of Liu Ziren, Prince of Yongjia.
81
癸酉各本並作「壬午」，據建康實錄改。 按是月庚申朔，十三日壬申，十六日乙亥。 宋書本紀此詔在十三日壬申後，十六日乙亥前，則作壬午誤，作癸酉是。
「Guiyou day」: all editions read 「renwu」; emended per the Veritable Records of Jiankang. That month's gengshen was the first day; the thirteenth was renshen and the sixteenth yihai. In the Book of Song Basic Annals this edict falls between renshen (the thirteenth) and yihai (the sixteenth); 「renwu」 is wrong and 「guiyou」 is correct.
82
詳悉條奏「詳」各本並作「許」，據元龜二一三改。
「Report the details item by item in memorial」: all editions read 「permit」 for 「detail」; emended per Yuan Gui 213.
83
輔國將軍劉勔前鋒西討「西討」各本作「南討」，據南史改。 按劉勔時攻壽陽，當云「西討」。
「Liu Yan, vanguard on the western campaign」: all editions read 「campaign south」 for 「campaign west」; emended per the Southern History. Liu Yan was then attacking Shouyang; the text should read 「campaign west」.
84
撫軍將軍殷孝祖攻赭圻死之以輔國將軍沈攸之代為南討前鋒「撫軍」下脫文十三字，據南史補。 時殷孝祖為撫軍將軍。 史事參沈攸之傳、殷孝祖傳。
「Yin Xiaozu attacked Zhihu and died, and Shen Youzhi replaced him as vanguard of the southern campaign」: thirteen characters are missing after 「General Who Pacifies the Army」; restored from the Southern History. At that time Yin Xiaozu held the rank of General Who Pacifies the Army. See the biographies of Shen Youzhi and Yin Xiaozu for the historical background.
85
葬崇憲皇太后於修寧陵「修」各本並譌「攸」，據南史、通鑑改。 通鑑胡三省注曰：「修寧陵，在孝武陵東南。」
「Burial at Xiuning Mausoleum」: all editions corrupt 「xiu」 as 「you」; emended per the Southern History and Comprehensive Mirror. Hu Sanxing's note in the Comprehensive Mirror: 「Xiuning Mausoleum lies southeast of Emperor Xiaowu's mausoleum.」
86
以建安王休仁世子伯融為豫州刺史「豫州」建安王休仁傳作「南豫州」。
「Bo Rong was made Inspector of Yuzhou」: the biography of Prince Xiuren of Jian'an reads 「Southern Yuzhou」.
87
以吳郡太守顧覬之為湘州刺史「覬」各本並作「顗」，據覬之傳改。
「Gu Guanzhi was made Inspector of Xiangzhou」: all editions read 「yi」 for 「guan」; emended per his biography.
88
曲赦揚南徐二州各本並脫「南」字，據建康實錄補。
「Partial amnesty for Yang and Southern Xu provinces」: all editions omit 「Southern」; restored from the Veritable Records of Jiankang.
89
出獻納貢「出」元龜一九八作「來」。
「Present tribute for submission」: Yuan Gui 198 reads 「come」 for 「present」.
90
夫秉機詢政「秉」各本並作「矢」，據元龜二一二改。
「To hold the reins and inquire into government」: all editions read 「arrow」 for 「hold」; emended per Yuan Gui 212.
91
以輔國將軍劉靈遺為梁南秦二州刺史「劉靈遺」各本並作「劉靈道」。 張森楷校勘記云：「當作『劉靈遺』，鄧琬傳可證。 下四年亦作『劉靈遺』。」 按張說是，今改正。
「Liu Lingyi was made Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin」: all editions read 「Liu Lingdao」 for 「Liu Lingyi」. Zhang Senkai's collation notes: 「The name should read 「Liu Lingyi」, as Deng Wan's biography confirms. The fourth year below also has 「Liu Lingyi」. 」Zhang is correct; the text is emended accordingly.
92
以游擊將軍垣閎為益州刺史「垣閎」各本並作「垣閬」。 張森楷校勘記云：「垣閬，大明三年已為竟陵王誕所殺，見垣護之傳。 此為垣閎之誤。」 按張說是，今改正。
「Yuan Hong was made Inspector of Yizhou」: all editions read 「Yuan Lang」 for 「Yuan Hong」. Zhang Senkai's collation notes: 「Yuan Lang had already been killed by Prince Xiuofan of Jingling in the third year of Daming, per the biography of Yuan Huzhi. This is an error for Yuan Hong. 」Zhang is correct; the text is emended accordingly.
93
以御史中丞羊希為廣州刺史「羊希」各本並作「羊南」，據羊玄保傳，兄子希時由御史中丞出為廣州刺史。 「南」字誤，今改正。
「Yang Xi was made Inspector of Guangzhou」: all editions read 「Yang Nan」 for 「Yang Xi」; Yang Xuanbao's biography shows his nephew's son Xi leaving the censorate for Guangzhou at this time. 「Nan」 is erroneous; corrected here.
94
珍奇子超越為北冀州刺史孫虨宋書考論云：「劉勔傳，超越為北豫州刺史，非北冀州。」
「Chaoyue was made Inspector of Northern Jizhou」: Sun Bin's Critical Study notes that Liu Yan's biography makes him Inspector of Northern Yuzhou, not Northern Jizhou.
95
右光祿大夫車騎將軍護軍將軍王玄謨薨三朝本、北監本、毛本、殿本作「右光祿大夫」，局本及王玄謨傳作「左光祿大夫」。
「Wang Xuamo died as Right Grand Master of the Palace, General of Chariots and Cavalry, and General Who Protects the Army」: the Three-Dynasties, Beijian, Mao, and Palace editions read 「Right Grand Master of the Palace」; the Bureau edition and his biography read 「Left Grand Master of the Palace」.
96
三月己未下有戊辰。 按是月丙子朔，無己未、戊辰。 二十日乙未，二十三日戊戌。 己未或乙未之譌，戊辰或戊戌之譌。
「Third month, jiwei day」: the text below also has wuchen. That month's bingzi was the first day; neither jiwei nor wuchen occurred. The twentieth day was yiwei and the twenty-third wuxu. 「Jiwei」 is likely a corruption of 「yiwei」, and 「wuchen」 of 「wuxu」.
97
以軍司馬劉靈遺為梁南秦二州刺史孫虨宋書考論云：「軍上脫一字。」
「Liu Lingyi was made Inspector of Liang and Southern Qin」: Sun Bin's Critical Study notes one missing character before 「Army」.
98
南譙太守孫奉伯為交州刺史「南譙」各本並作「譙南」，據州郡志訂正。
「Sun Fengbo was made Inspector of Jiaozhou」: all editions read 「Qiaonan」 for 「Nanqiao」; corrected per the Treatise on Provinces and Commanderies.
99
殺刺史羊希「羊希」各本並譌「羊南」，據南史、建康實錄、通鑑及本書羊玄保傳兄子希附傳改正。
「Inspector Yang Xi was killed」: all editions corrupt 「Yang Xi」 as 「Yang Nan」; corrected per the Southern History, Veritable Records of Jiankang, Comprehensive Mirror, and Yang Xuanbao's biography in this book.
100
復減郡縣田祿之半「田祿」各本及通鑑並作「田租」。 按普減國內田租之半，決非專制帝王之所肯為，當是減削郡縣官吏田祿之半。 建康實錄作「田祿」，是。 今據改。
「Field stipends … again reduced by half」: all editions and the Comprehensive Mirror read 「field rent」. A general halving of land rent empire-wide is not something an autocratic ruler would do; this must mean halving officials' field stipends in commanderies and counties. The Veritable Records of Jiankang reads 「field stipends」, which is correct. Corrected accordingly.
101
丙申東海王褘改封廬江王各本並脫去「丙申」二字，據南史、建康實錄補。
「On bingshen, Prince Hui of Donghai was changed to Prince of Lujiang」: all editions omit 「bingshen」; restored from the Southern History and Veritable Records of Jiankang.
102
五月乙巳各本並作「乙未」，按是月乙巳朔，無乙未。 下有十九日癸亥。 此乙未當是乙巳之誤，今改正。
「Fifth month, yisi day」: all editions read 「yiwei」; that month's yisi was the first day, so 「yiwei」 is impossible. The nineteenth day below is guihai. 「Yiwei」 is an error for 「yisi」; corrected here.
103
以南康相劉勃為交州刺史張森楷校勘記云：「劉勔傳，有弟斅，泰始中，為寧朔將軍、交州刺史，於道遇病卒。 勃、斅形近，當即一人。」
「Liu Bo was made Inspector of Jiaozhou」: Zhang Senkai's collation notes: 「Liu Yan's biography mentions a younger brother Jiao who in the Taishi era was General Who Pacifies the North and Inspector of Jiaozhou and died en route. 「Bo」 and 「Jiao」 are graphically similar and must denote the same person.」
104
以輔國將軍沈文靖為東青州刺史「沈文靖」沈文秀傳及通鑑作「沈文靜」。
「Shen Wenjing was made Inspector of Eastern Qingzhou」: Shen Wenxiu's biography and the Comprehensive Mirror write the name with a different final character.
105
尋劫制科罪「劫」各本並作「剏」。 孫虨宋書考論云：「當云劫制，剏字誤。」 按孫說是，今改正。
「Soon afterward plundering was punished by statute」: all editions read 「create」 for 「plunder」. Sun Bin's Critical Study: 「The text should read plundering by statute; 「create」 is wrong. 」Sun is correct; the text is emended accordingly.
106
立晉平王休祐子宣曜為南平王各本並脫「立」字，據南史、建康實錄補。
「Xuanyao was established as Prince of Nanping」: all editions omit 「establish」; restored from the Southern History and Veritable Records of Jiankang.
107
息事衡樊「息」各本並作「自」，據元龜二一三及六四五改正。
「Rest the affairs of Heng and Fan」: all editions read 「self」 for 「rest」; corrected per Yuan Gui 213 and 645.
108
輔師將軍孟次陽為兗州刺史各本並脫「次」字，據阮佃夫傳、殷琰傳補。
「Meng Ciyang was made Inspector of Yanzhou」: all editions omit 「ci」; restored from the biographies of Ruan Tainfu and Yin Yan.
109
以征北大將軍南徐州刺史桂陽王休範為中書監中軍將軍揚州刺史「中軍將軍」各本並作「中將軍」，據桂陽王休範傳補。
「Prince Xiufan of Guiyang was made Supervisor of the Masters of Writing, General of the Central Army, and Inspector of Yangzhou」: all editions read 「Central General」 for 「General of the Central Army」; restored from his biography.
110
輔師將軍建安王世子伯融為廣州刺史各本並脫「伯」字。 據始安王休仁傳補。
「Bo Rong, heir of Prince Xiuren of Jian'an, was made Inspector of Guangzhou」: all editions omit 「Bo」. Restored from the biography of Prince Xiuren of Shian.
111
新除吏部尚書褚淵為尚書右僕射「右僕射」各本及通鑑並作「左僕射」。 今據南齊書褚淵傳、南史、建康實錄改。
「Chu Yuan was made Right Vice Director of the Masters of Writing」: all editions and the Comprehensive Mirror read 「Left Vice Director of the Masters of Writing」. Emended per Chu Yuan's biography in the Book of Qi, the Southern History, and the Veritable Records of Jiankang.
112
冬十一月戊午「十一月」各本並作「十月」。 據建康實錄改。 按十月丙戌朔，無戊午。 十一月乙卯朔，初四日戊午。
「Winter, eleventh month, wuwu day」: all editions read 「tenth month」 for 「eleventh month」; emended per the Veritable Records of Jiankang. Emended per the Veritable Records of Jiankang. The tenth month's bingxu was the first day; wuwu did not occur. The eleventh month's yimao was the first day; the fourth day was wuwu.
113
以右衞將軍張興世為雍州刺史各本並脫「世」字。 據張興世傳補。
「Zhang Xingshi was made Inspector of Yongzhou」: all editions omit 「shi」. Restored per Zhang Xingshi's biography.
114
於華林園含芳堂講周易各本並脫「含」字，據元龜一九二補。
「Lectures on the Classic of Changes in Hanfang Hall, Hualin Garden」: all editions omit 「han」; restored from Yuan Gui 192.
115
改騧為馬邊瓜三朝本、北監本、毛本、殿本無「馬」字，今據局本及魏書島夷傳、南史補。
「Changing gua to horse-beside-melon」: the Three-Dynasties, Beijian, Mao, and Palace editions lack 「horse」; supplied per the Bureau edition, the Book of Wei, and the Southern History.
116
職局以之坐者數十人魏書島夷傳、南史、建康實錄「坐」下有「死」字。
「Several tens in the office staff were punished」: the Book of Wei, Southern History, and Veritable Records of Jiankang add 「die」 after 「punished」.
117
並日料祿俸各本並同。 魏書島夷傳作「普斷祿奉」。 南史及通鑑作「並斷祿奉」。
「Daily allotments of stipend salary」: all editions agree. The Book of Wei reads 「stipends and salaries were cut off universally」. The Southern History and Comprehensive Mirror read 「stipends and salaries were cut off alike」.
118
列見眾篇三朝本作「列」。 北監本、毛本、殿本、局本作「別」。 張元濟校勘記云：「所見處不止一篇，故云列見眾篇。」
「Set forth separately in the various chapters」: the Three-Dynasties edition reads 「set forth」. The Beijian, Mao, Palace, and Bureau editions read 「separately」. Zhang Yuanji's collation notes: 「The deeds appear in more than one chapter, hence the phrase about the various chapters.」
119
本無卓爾之資「資」各本作「姿」，據南史改。
「Fundamentally lacked outstanding talent」: all editions read 「bearing」 for 「talent」; emended per the Southern History.