Volume 46 Biographies 6: Zhao Lunzhi, Wang Yi, Zhang Shao

列傳第六趙倫之到彥之〈闕〉王懿張邵

Biographies 6: Zhao Lunzhi and Dao Yanzhi 〈text missing〉 Wang Yi and Zhang Shao

趙倫之，字幼成，下邳僮人也。孝穆皇后之弟。幼孤貧，事母以孝稱。武帝起兵，以軍功封閬中縣五等侯，累遷雍州刺史。武帝北伐，倫之遣順陽太守傅弘之、扶風太守沈田子出嶢柳，大破姚泓於藍田。及武帝受命，以佐命功，封霄城縣侯，安北將軍，鎮襄陽。少帝即位，徵拜護軍。元嘉三年，拜鎮軍將軍，尋遷左光祿大夫，領軍將軍。

Zhao Lunzhi, styled Youcheng, was a native of Tong in Xiapi. He was the younger brother of Empress Xiaomu. Orphaned and poor from childhood, he was known for serving his mother with filial devotion. When Emperor Wu raised his army, Lunzhi was enfeoffed as fifth-rank Marquis of Langzhong County for military merit and was promoted repeatedly to Inspector of Yong Province. During Emperor Wu's northern campaign, Lunzhi sent Shunyang Administrator Fu Hongzhi and Fufeng Administrator Shen Tianzi out through Yao Willow Pass and they routed Yao Hong at Lantian. When Emperor Wu received the Mandate, Lunzhi was enfeoffed as Marquis of Xiaocheng County for his founding service, appointed General Who Pacifies the North, and stationed at Xiangyang. When the Young Emperor ascended the throne, Lunzhi was summoned and appointed Protector of the Army. In the third year of Yuanjia he was appointed General Who Guards the Army; soon after he was transferred to Left Grand Master for Splendid Happiness and made General Who Leads the Army.

倫之雖外戚貴盛，而以儉素自處。性野拙，人情世務，多所不解。久居方伯，頗覺富盛，入為護軍，資力不稱，以為見貶。光祿大夫范泰好戲謂曰：「司徒公缺，必用汝老奴。我不言汝資地所任，要是外戚高秩次第所至耳。」倫之大喜，每載酒肴詣泰。五年，卒。子伯符嗣。

Although Lunzhi was an exalted imperial in-law, he lived in frugal simplicity. By nature he was rough and unrefined, and understood little of human relations or worldly affairs. Having long served as a regional governor, he had grown accustomed to wealth and grandeur; when he entered the capital as Protector of the Army, his talents no longer matched his station, and he took this as a demotion. Grand Master for Splendid Happiness Fan Tai, joking, said to him: "The post of Minister over the Masses is vacant — they are sure to use you, old fellow. I am not speaking of your talents and the post you deserve — it is simply the usual progression for exalted in-laws to high rank, that is all." Lunzhi was greatly pleased and each time brought wine and delicacies when visiting Fan Tai. In the fifth year of Yuanjia he died. His son Bofu succeeded him.

伯符，字潤遠。少好弓馬。倫之在襄陽，伯符為竟陵太守。時竟陵蠻屢為寇，伯符征討，悉破之，由是有將帥之稱。後為寧遠將軍，總領義徒，以居宮城北，每有火起及賊盜，輒身貫甲胄，助郡縣赴討，武帝甚嘉之。文帝即位，累遷徐、兗二州刺史。為政苛暴，吏人畏之若豺虎，然而寇盜遠竄，無敢犯境。元嘉十八年，徵為領軍將軍。先是，外監不隸領軍，宜相統攝者，自有別詔，至此始統領焉。二十一年，轉豫州刺史。明年，為護軍將軍，復為丹陽尹。在郡嚴酷，吏人苦之，或至委叛被錄赴水而死；典筆吏取筆不如意，鞭五十。子倩，尚文帝第四女海鹽公主。初，始興王濬以潘妃之寵，故得出入後宮，遂與公主私通。及適倩，倩入宮而怒，肆詈搏擊，引絕帳帶。事上聞，有詔離婚，殺主所生蔣美人，伯符慚懼發病卒。諡曰肅。傳國至孫勖，齊受禪，國除。

Bofu, styled Runyuan. From youth he loved archery and horsemanship. While Lunzhi was stationed at Xiangyang, Bofu served as Administrator of Jingling. At the time the Man of Jingling raided repeatedly; Bofu campaigned against them and defeated them all, and thereby gained a reputation as a commander. Later he was made General of Distant Peace and commanded loyal followers, living north of the palace; whenever fire broke out or bandits appeared, he would don armor himself and help the commanderies and counties in pursuit, and Emperor Wu greatly praised him. When Emperor Wen ascended the throne, Bofu was promoted repeatedly to Inspector of Xu and Yan Provinces. His governance was harsh and cruel; officials and people feared him like wolves and tigers, yet bandits fled far away and none dared violate his borders. In the eighteenth year of Yuanjia he was summoned to serve as General Who Leads the Army. Previously the Outer Command did not fall under the General Who Leads the Army; whoever was to supervise them received a separate edict — only at this point did he begin to command them as a whole. In the twenty-first year he was transferred to Inspector of Yu Province. The next year he became Protector of the Army and again served as Governor of Danyang. In the commandery his rule was severe and cruel; officials and people suffered bitterly, and some were driven so far that they deserted, were arrested, and drowned themselves in the river; a clerk in charge of writing brushes selected one that did not please him, and Bofu had him flogged fifty strokes. His son Qian married Emperor Wen's fourth daughter, the Princess of Haiyan. At first Prince of Shixing Liu Jun, through the favor of Consort Pan, was allowed free entry to the inner palace, and thereupon carried on a secret affair with the princess. When she was married to Qian, Qian entered the palace in a rage, cursed and struck wildly, and tore apart the bed-curtain ties. The matter reached the throne; an edict ordered divorce and put to death Lady Jiang, the princess's birth mother. Bofu, ashamed and afraid, fell ill and died. His posthumous title was Su. The fief passed to his grandson Xu; when Qi received the abdication, the fief was abolished.

王懿，字仲德，太原祁人。自言漢司徒允弟幽州刺史懋七世孫也。祖宏，事石季龍；父苗，事苻堅，皆為二千石。

Wang Yi, styled Zhongde, was a native of Qi in Taiyuan. He claimed to be the seventh-generation descendant of Mao, younger brother of Han's Minister over the Masses Wang Yun and Governor of You Province. His grandfather Hong served Shi Jilong; his father Miao served Fu Jian; both held posts of the two-thousand-bushel rank.

仲德少沈審，有意略，通陰陽，解聲律。苻氏之敗，仲德年十七，與兄睿同起義兵，與慕容垂戰，敗；仲德被重創走，與家屬相失。路經大澤，不能前，困臥林中。忽有青衣童兒騎牛行，見仲德，問曰：「食未？」仲德告饑。兒去，頃之復來，攜食與之。仲德食畢欲行，會水潦暴至，莫知所如。有一白狼至前，仰天而號，號訖，銜仲德衣，因渡水；仲德隨之，獲濟，與睿相及。渡河至滑臺，復為翟遼所留，使為將帥。積年，仲德欲南歸，乃奔太山，遼遣騎追之急，夜行，忽有炬火前導，仲德隨之，行百許里，乃免。

From youth Zhongde was deep and careful in judgment, possessed strategic ability, understood yin and yang, and could interpret pitch and mode. When the Fu clan fell, Zhongde was seventeen; he and his elder brother Rui together raised a righteous army and fought Murong Chui — and were defeated; Zhongde, seriously wounded, fled and lost contact with his family. Passing through a great marsh, he could not go forward and, exhausted, lay down in the forest. Suddenly a boy in green robes riding an ox came along; seeing Zhongde, he asked: "Have you eaten yet? Zhongde told him he was starving. The boy left; before long he returned, carrying food and giving it to him. When Zhongde had finished eating and wished to go on, sudden flooding arrived and he knew not where to go. A white wolf came before him, lifted its head and howled to heaven; when it had finished howling, it took Zhongde's garment in its mouth and thus crossed the water; Zhongde followed it, succeeded in crossing, and rejoined Rui. Crossing the river to Huatai, he was again detained by Zhai Liao and made a commander. After years, Zhongde wished to return south, so he fled to Mount Tai; Liao sent cavalry in hot pursuit. Traveling by night, suddenly torches led the way before him — Zhongde followed them for about a hundred li and thus escaped.

晉太元末，徙居彭城。兄弟名犯晉宣、元二帝諱，並以字稱。睿字元德。北土重同姓，謂之骨肉，有遠來相投者，莫不竭力營贍；若不至者，以為不義，不為鄉里所容。仲德聞王愉在江南，是太原人，乃往依之；愉禮之甚薄，因至姑孰投桓玄。值玄篡，見輔國將軍張暢，言及世事，仲德曰：「自古革命，誠非一族，然今之起者，恐不足以成大事。」

At the end of the Jin Taixuan era, he moved his residence to Pengcheng. The brothers' personal names tabooed the posthumous names of Jin's Emperors Xuan and Yuan, so all were known by their style names. Rui's style name was Yuande. In the north kinsmen prized shared surnames and called one another "flesh and bone"; when distant kin came seeking refuge, none failed to exert themselves to provide for them; those who did not receive them were deemed unrighteous and could not be tolerated in their community. Zhongde heard that Wang Yu was in the Jiangnan region and was a man of Taiyuan, so he went to rely on him; Yu treated him very poorly, so he went to Gushu and attached himself to Huan Xuan. When Xuan usurped the throne, he met General Who Assists the State Zhang Chang and spoke of current affairs. Zhongde said: "Revolutions from ancient times have indeed not been the work of one clan alone, yet those who rise up now, I fear, are not enough to achieve a great enterprise."

元德果敢有智略，武帝甚知之，告以義舉，使於都下襲玄。仲德聞其謀，謂元德曰：「天下之事，不可不密，應機務速，不在巧遲。玄每冒夜出入，今若圖之，正須一夫力耳。」事泄，元德為玄所誅，仲德奔竄。會義軍克建業，仲德抱元德子方回出候武帝，帝於馬上抱方回，與仲德相對號泣，追贈元德給事中，封安復縣侯，以仲德為中兵參軍。

Yuande was bold, resolute, and possessed of strategy; Emperor Wu knew him well, told him of the righteous rising, and sent him to strike at Xuan in the capital. Zhongde heard of the plan and said to Yuande: "Affairs of the realm must be kept secret; one must seize the moment with speed — success does not lie in clever delay. Xuan goes out every night at dusk; if one means to take him now, it would take only the strength of a single man. The plot leaked; Yuande was executed by Xuan, and Zhongde fled. When the righteous army captured Jianye, Zhongde carried Yuande's son Fanghui out to meet Emperor Wu. The emperor, mounted on his horse, held Fanghui and wept face to face with Zhongde; Yuande was posthumously granted Palace Attendant and enfeoffed as Marquis of Anfu County, and Zhongde was made Army Aide of the Centre.

武帝伐廣固，仲德為前鋒，大小二十餘戰，每戰輒克。及盧循寇逼，敗劉毅於桑落，帝北伐始還，士卒創痍，堪戰者可數千人。賊眾十萬，舳艫百里，奔敗而歸者，咸稱其雄。眾議並欲遷都，仲德正色曰：「今天子當陽而治，明公命世作輔，新建大功，威震六合。妖賊豕突，乘我遠征，既聞凱入，將自奔散。今自投草間，則同之匹夫；匹夫號令，何以威物？義士英豪，當自求其主爾。此謀若行，請自此辭矣。」帝悅之，以仲德屯越城。及賊自蔡洲南走，遣仲德追之。賊留親黨范崇民五千人，高艦百餘，城南陵。仲德攻之，大破崇民，焚其舟艦，收其散卒，功冠諸將，封新淦縣侯。義熙十二年北伐，進仲德征虜將軍，加冀州刺史，為前鋒諸軍事。冠軍將軍檀道濟、龍驤將軍王鎮惡向洛陽，寧朔將軍劉遵考、建武將軍沈林子出石門，寧朔將軍朱超石、胡藩向半城，咸受統於仲德。仲德率龍驤將軍朱牧、寧遠將軍竺靈秀、嚴綱等開鉅野入河，乃總眾軍，進據潼關。長安平，以仲德為太尉諮議參軍。

When Emperor Wu attacked Guanggu, Zhongde served as vanguard; in more than twenty engagements large and small, he prevailed in every battle. When Lu Xun's bandits pressed close, having defeated Liu Yi at Sangluo, the emperor had just returned from his northern campaign; the troops were wounded and weary, and those fit to fight numbered only a few thousand. The rebels numbered a hundred thousand, their ships stretched for a hundred li, and those who had fled in defeat upon returning all proclaimed their might. All in council wished to move the capital. Zhongde, with stern countenance, said: "Today the Son of Heaven governs from the yang position; my lord was born for this age to serve as chief minister, has newly built great merit, and his prestige shakes the six directions. These demonic bandits rush like swine; taking advantage of our distant campaign, once they hear of our triumphant return they will scatter of themselves. If we now cast ourselves into the grasslands, we become no different from common men; and what thing would obey the commands of a common man? Men of righteousness and heroic spirit will seek out their own lord in any case. If this plan is pursued, I must take my leave from here. The emperor was pleased and stationed Zhongde at Yuecheng. When the bandits fled south from Caizhou, he sent Zhongde in pursuit. The rebels left five thousand of their kin and partisans under Fan Chongmin, with more than a hundred tall ships, south of Nanling. Zhongde attacked them, routed Fan Chongmin, burned their ships, and gathered their scattered troops; his merit surpassed all the generals, and he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Xingan County. In the twelfth year of Yixi, during the northern campaign, Zhongde was promoted to General Who Conquers the Barbarians, given additional appointment as Inspector of Ji Province, and made Director of Campaign Affairs for the vanguard. Champion General Tan Daoji and Flying Dragon General Wang Zhen'e moved toward Luoyang; Pacifying the North General Liu Zunkao and General Who Establishes Martial Might Shen Linzi went out through Shimen; Pacifying the North General Zhu Chaoshi and Hu Fan moved toward Bancheng — all were under Zhongde's overall command. Zhongde led Flying Dragon General Zhu Mu, General of Distant Peace Zhu Lingxiu, Yan Gang, and others to open the route from Juye into the river, then commanded all the armies and advanced to occupy Tong Pass. When Chang'an was pacified, Zhongde was made Consulting Aide to the Grand Commandant.

武帝欲遷都洛陽，眾議咸以為宜。仲德曰：「非常之事，常人所駭。今暴師日久，士有歸心，固當以建業為王基，俟文軌大同，然後議之可也。」帝深納之，使衛送姚泓先還彭城。武帝受命，累遷徐州刺史，加都督。

Emperor Wu wished to move the capital to Luoyang; all in council deemed it fitting. Zhongde said: "An extraordinary undertaking alarms ordinary men. Our armies have been exposed in the field a long time; the soldiers yearn for home. We should surely take Jiankang as the royal foundation, wait until civilization and the imperial road are unified, and only then discuss it." The emperor deeply accepted this and had Yao Hong escorted back to Pengcheng first. When Emperor Wu received the Mandate, Zhongde was promoted repeatedly to Inspector of Xu Province with additional designation as Supervisor.

元嘉三年，進號安北將軍，與到彥之北伐，大破虜軍。諸軍進屯靈昌津。司、兗既定，三軍咸喜，仲德獨有憂色，曰：「胡虜雖仁義不足，而凶狡有餘，今斂戈北歸，并力完聚，若河冰冬合，豈不能為三軍之憂！」十月，虜於委粟津渡河，進逼金墉，虎牢、洛陽諸軍相繼奔走。彥之聞二城不守，欲焚舟步走，仲德曰：「洛陽既陷，則虎牢不能獨全，勢使然也。今賊去我千里，滑臺猶有強兵，若便舍舟奔走，士卒必散。且當入濟至馬耳谷口，更詳所宜。」乃回軍沿濟南歷城步上，焚舟棄甲，還至彭城。仲德與彥之並免官。尋與檀道濟救滑臺，糧盡而歸。

In the third year of Yuanjia his title was advanced to General Who Pacifies the North; with Dao Yanzhi he undertook a northern campaign and greatly routed the barbarian army. The armies advanced and encamped at Lingchang Ford. With Si and Yan provinces settled, all three armies rejoiced; Zhongde alone wore a look of concern and said: "The Hu barbarians, though lacking in benevolence and righteousness, have more than enough cunning and ferocity. Now they sheathe their blades and return north to gather their strength together — if the river freezes in winter and the ice joins, would that not become a worry for all three armies! In the tenth month the barbarians crossed the river at Weisu Ford and pressed toward Jinyong; the armies at Hulao and Luoyang fled one after another. Yanzhi, hearing that the two cities could not be held, wished to burn the ships and flee on foot. Zhongde said: "With Luoyang already fallen, Hulao cannot stand alone — such is the force of circumstances. The enemy is now a thousand li from us, and Huatai still has strong troops; if we abandon the ships and flee at once, the soldiers will surely scatter. For now we should enter the Ji and reach the mouth of Ma'er Valley, and then consider more carefully what is fit. They thereupon turned the army, marched by land along the Ji through Licheng, burned the ships and cast off their armor, and returned to Pengcheng. Zhongde and Yanzhi were both stripped of office. Before long, with Tan Daoji he went to relieve Huatai; when provisions were exhausted they returned.

九年，又為鎮北將軍、徐州刺史。明年，加領兗州刺史。仲德三臨徐州，威德著於彭城，立佛寺作白狼、童子像於塔中，以河北所遇也。十三年，進號鎮北大將軍。十五年，卒，諡曰桓侯。亦於廟立白狼、童子壇，每祭必祠之。子正脩嗣，為家僮所殺。

In the ninth year of Yuanjia he again became General Who Guards the North and Inspector of Xu Province. The following year he was also given concurrent appointment as Inspector of Yan Province. Three times Zhongde held command at Xuzhou, and his authority and virtue were felt at Pengcheng. He raised a Buddhist temple and set images of the White Wolf and the Boy in its pagoda, commemorating what he had met with in the lands north of the River. In the thirteenth year his title was advanced to General Who Guards the North. In the fifteenth year he died and was posthumously titled Marquis Huan. Altars to the White Wolf and the Boy were also set up in the temple, and every sacrifice included offerings to them. His son Zhengxiu succeeded him but was killed by a household servant.

張邵，字茂宗，會稽太守裕之弟也。初為晉琅邪內史王誕龍驤府功曹，桓玄徙誕於廣州，親故咸離棄之，惟邵情意彌謹，流涕追送。時變亂饑饉，又饋送其妻子。

Zhang Shao, styled Maozong, was the younger brother of Yu, Administrator of Kuaiji. He first served as Recorder in the Dragon-Charger office of Wang Dan, Interior Secretary of Langya under Jin. When Huan Xuan exiled Dan to Guangzhou, kin and friends alike deserted him; only Shao's devotion deepened, and he followed in tears to see him off. In those days of upheaval and famine, he also sent food and supplies to Dan's wife and children.

桓玄篡位，父敞先為尚書，以答事微謬，降為廷尉卿。及武帝討玄，邵白敞表獻誠款，帝大說，命署其門曰：「有犯張廷尉者，以軍法論。」後以敞為吳郡太守。王謐為揚州，召邵為主簿。劉毅為亞相，愛才好士，當世莫不輻湊，獨邵不往。或問之，邵曰：「主公命世人傑，何煩多問。」劉穆之聞以白，帝益親之，轉太尉參軍，署長流賊曹。盧循寇迫京師，使邵守南城。時百姓臨水望賊，帝怪而問邵，邵曰：「若節鉞未反，奔散之不暇，亦何能觀望。今當無復恐耳。」尋補州主簿。

When Huan Xuan usurped the throne, Shao's father Chang, who had previously served as Minister of the Masters of Writing, was demoted to Minister of Justice for slight errors in handling official business. When Emperor Wu marched against Xuan, Shao persuaded Chang to submit a memorial pledging loyalty. The Emperor was greatly pleased and ordered these words posted on his gate: "Whoever offends Minister of Justice Zhang shall be dealt with by military law. Later Chang was appointed Administrator of Wu Commandery. When Wang Mi served as Inspector of Yang Province, he summoned Shao to be his Chief Clerk. Liu Yi served as Vice Prime Minister, loved talent, and honored scholars; everyone in the age flocked to him, yet Shao alone did not go. When someone asked why, Shao said: "Our lord is a towering figure of the age — why bother asking so much? When Liu Muzhi heard this and reported it, the Emperor drew still closer to him, transferred him to staff officer under the Grand Commandant, and put him in charge of the Office for Bandits on the Long Rivers. When Lu Xun's forces threatened the capital, the Emperor sent Shao to defend the South Wall. The common people were lining the waterside to watch the bandits. The Emperor found this strange and questioned Shao. Shao said: "If the imperial insignia had not yet returned, they would have been fleeing in every direction with no time to spare — how could they have stood watching? Now they surely have nothing left to fear. Soon afterward he was appointed provincial Chief Clerk.

邵悉心政事，精力絕人。及誅劉藩，邵時在西州直廬，即夜誡眾曹曰：「大軍當大討，可各修舟船倉庫，及曉取辦。」旦日，帝求諸簿署，應時即至；怪問其速，諸曹答曰：「昨夜受張主簿處分。」帝曰：「張邵可謂同我憂慮矣。」九年，世子始開征虜府，補邵錄事參軍，轉號中軍，遷諮議參軍，領記室。十二年，武帝北伐，邵請見，曰：「人生危脆，必當遠慮。穆之若邂逅不幸，誰可代之？尊業如此，苟有不諱，事將如何？」帝曰：「此自委穆之及卿耳。」青州刺史檀祗鎮廣陵，時滁州結聚亡命，祗率眾掩之。劉穆之恐以為變，將發軍。邵曰：「檀韶據中流，道濟為軍首，若疑狀發露，恐生大變。宜且遣慰勞，以觀其意。」既而祗果不動。及穆之卒，朝廷恇懼，便欲發詔以司馬徐羨之代之，邵對曰：「今誠急病，任終在徐，且世子無專命，宜須北咨。」信反，方使世子出命曰：「朝廷及大府事，悉咨徐司馬，其餘啟還。」武帝重其臨事不撓，有大臣體。十四年，以世子鎮荊州，邵諫曰：「儲貳之重，四海所係，不宜處外，敢以死請。」從之。

Shao gave himself wholly to administration, and his energy surpassed all others. When Liu Fan was executed, Shao was then on duty at the West Province quarters. That very night he warned all the bureaus: "The great army is about to launch a major campaign — each of you should ready boats, ships, and storehouses, and have everything prepared by dawn. The next morning the Emperor called for the various registers and offices, and they were delivered at once; Astonished, he asked how they had come so quickly; the bureaus answered: "Last night we received Chief Clerk Zhang's orders. The Emperor said: "Zhang Shao may truly be said to share my anxieties. In the ninth year, when the Crown Prince first opened the office of the General Who Campaigns Against Captives, Shao was appointed Recording Officer; his title was changed to Central Army, then he was promoted to Advisory Officer and put in charge of the Secretariat. In the twelfth year, during Emperor Wu's northern campaign, Shao requested an audience and said: "Human life is fragile and precarious — one must plan far ahead. If Muzhi should meet with unexpected misfortune, who could replace him? Your great enterprise stands as it does; if anything should befall you, how will affairs proceed? The Emperor said: "That I entrust to Muzhi and to you. The Inspector of Qing Province, Tan Zhi, was stationed at Guangling. At the time fugitives had gathered at Chuzhou, and Zhi led troops to take them by surprise. Liu Muzhi feared this might spark a rebellion and was about to dispatch troops. Shao said: "Tan Shao holds the middle Yangtze, and Dao Ji is chief of the army — if suspicions are exposed, I fear a great upheaval may arise. It would be best first to send envoys to console and reassure them, and observe their intentions. Before long Zhi indeed made no move. When Muzhi died, the court was filled with alarm and wanted at once to issue an edict appointing Marshal Xu Xianzhi to replace him. Shao replied: "Though the situation is truly urgent, the appointment ultimately belongs to Xu — and moreover the Crown Prince has no authority to act on his own; we should first consult the north. When the messenger returned, only then did they have the Crown Prince issue an order: "In matters of the court and the grand office, consult Marshal Xu on all points; report back on everything else. Emperor Wu valued his steadfastness in action and his bearing as a great minister. In the fourteenth year, when the Crown Prince was to garrison Jing Province, Shao remonstrated: "The heir apparent bears weight on which all within the four seas depend — he should not be stationed abroad. I venture to plead with my life. The Emperor heeded him.

文帝為中郎將、荊州刺史，以邵為司馬，領南郡相，眾事悉決於邵。武帝受命，以佐命功，封臨沮伯。分荊州立湘州，以邵為刺史。將署府，邵以為長沙內地，非用武之國，置署妨人，乖為政要。帝從之。謝晦反，遺書要邵，邵不發函，馳使呈帝。

When Emperor Wen served as General of the Guard and Inspector of Jing Province, he appointed Shao as Marshal and concurrent Administrator of Nan Commandery; all affairs were decided by Shao. When Emperor Wu received the Mandate, Shao was enfeoffed as Marquis of Linju for his founding service. Jing Province was divided to establish Xiang Province, and Shao was appointed its Inspector. When offices were about to be established there, Shao argued that the interior of Changsha was no country for military deployment — setting up a command would burden the people and run against the essentials of governance. The Emperor agreed. When Xie Hui rebelled, he sent a letter inviting Shao to join; Shao did not open the envelope but sent a messenger posthaste to present it to the Emperor.

元嘉五年，轉征虜將軍，領寧蠻校尉、雍州刺史，加都督。初，王華與邵有隙，及華參要，親舊為之危心。邵曰：「子陵方弘至公，必不以私仇害正義。」是任也，華實舉之。及至襄陽，築長圍，修立堤堰，開田數千頃，郡人賴之富贍。丹、淅二川蠻屢為寇，邵誘其帥，因大會誅之，悉掩其徒黨。既失信群蠻，所在並起，水陸斷絕。子敷至襄陽定省，當還都，群蠻伺欲取之。會蠕蠕國遣使朝貢，賊以為敷，遂執之，邵坐降號揚烈將軍。

In the fifth year of Yuanjia he was transferred to General Who Subdues Barbarians, concurrently Colonel Who Pacifies Barbarians and Inspector of Yong Province, with added status as Area Commander. Earlier Wang Hua and Shao had been at odds; when Hua took part in important affairs, relatives and friends feared for Shao. Shao said: "Ziling is now extending the highest fairness — he will certainly not let a private grudge harm what is right. As it turned out, Hua himself recommended him for the post. When he reached Xiangyang, he built a long encirclement wall, constructed dikes and weirs, and opened fields of several thousand qing; the people of the commandery relied on this and grew prosperous. The barbarians along the Dan and Xi rivers had repeatedly raided. Shao lured their chiefs and, at a great assembly, executed them, then swept up all their followers. Having forfeited the trust of the barbarian groups, they rose everywhere at once, and land and water routes were cut off. His son Fu came to Xiangyang to visit his parents and was about to return to the capital; the barbarians watched for an opportunity to seize him. It happened that Rouran sent envoys with tribute; the bandits took them for Fu's party and seized them. Shao was demoted to General Who Raises Martial Valor for the fault.

江夏王義恭鎮江陵，以邵為撫軍長史，持節、南蠻校尉。坐在雍州營私蓄取贓貨二百四十五萬，下廷尉，免官，削爵土。後為吳興太守，卒，追復爵邑，諡曰簡伯。邵臨終，遺命祭以菜果，葦席為轜車，諸子從焉。子敷、演、鏡，有名於世。

When the Prince of Jiangxia, Yigong, garrisoned Jiangling, he appointed Shao Chief of Staff to the Pacifying Army, with staff of authority as Colonel of Southern Barbarians. He was convicted of private profiteering while in Yong Province and amassing bribes of 2.45 million; he was sent to the Minister of Justice, dismissed from office, and stripped of title and fief. Later he served as Administrator of Wu Xing; he died, and his title and fief were posthumously restored. His posthumous title was Marquis Jian. As Shao lay dying, he left instructions that sacrifices be offered with vegetables and fruit only, and that a reed mat serve as his bier; his sons complied. His sons Fu, Yan, and Jing were renowned in their time.

敷字景胤。生而母亡，年數歲，問知之，雖童蒙，便有感慕之色。至十歲許，求母遺物，而散施已盡，唯得一扇，乃緘錄之。每至感思，輒開笥流涕。見從母，悲戚嗚咽。性整貴，風韻端雅，好玄言，善屬文。初，父邵使與南陽宗少文談《繫》、《象》，往復數番，少文每欲屈，握麈尾歎曰：「吾道東矣。」於是名價日重。武帝聞其美，召見奇之，曰：「真千里駒也。」以為世子中軍參軍，數見接引。累遷江夏王義恭撫軍記室參軍。義恭就文帝求一學義沙門，會敷赴假江陵，入辭，文帝令以後車載沙門往，謂曰：「道中可得言晤。」敷不奉詔，上甚不說。遷正員中書郎。敷小名查，父邵小名梨，文帝戲之曰：「查何如梨？」敷曰：「梨為百果之宗，查何可比。」

Fu, styled Jingyin. His mother died when he was born; when he was only a few years old and learned of it, though still a small child he already showed the look of longing and grief. At about ten he sought his mother's keepsakes, but they had all been given away in charity; he obtained only a fan, which he sealed away and preserved. Whenever remembrance overcame him, he would open the box and weep. When he saw his aunt, he grieved and sobbed. By nature he was upright and noble; his bearing was refined and graceful. He loved metaphysical discourse and was skilled at literary composition. At first his father Shao had him discuss the Appended Remarks and the Images with Zong Shaowen of Nanyang. After several exchanges, Shaowen was repeatedly on the verge of defeat; gripping his fly-whisk, he sighed: "My Way has gone east. From then on Fu's reputation and esteem grew daily. Emperor Wu heard of his excellence, summoned him, and found him remarkable, saying: "Truly a thousand-li colt. He was appointed Staff Officer of the Crown Prince's Central Army and was often received and guided by the Emperor. He was promoted repeatedly to Recording Officer on the staff of the Pacifying Army under the Prince of Jiangxia, Yigong. Yigong asked Emperor Wen for a monk learned in doctrine. It happened that Fu was on leave en route to Jiangling; when he came to take leave, Emperor Wen ordered the monk carried in the rear carriage and said: "On the road you two may converse and meet. Fu did not obey the edict, and the sovereign was greatly displeased. He was promoted to Regular Secretariat Gentleman. Fu's childhood name was Cha and his father Shao's was Li. Emperor Wen teased him: "How does Cha compare with Li? Fu said: "The pear is sovereign among all fruits — how can Cha be compared?"

中書舍人狄當、周赳並管要務，以敷同省名家，欲詣之。赳曰：「彼恐不相容接，不如勿往。」當曰：「吾等並已員外郎矣，何憂不得共坐。」敷先設二床，去壁三四尺，二客就席，敷呼左右曰：「移我遠客！」赳等失色而去。其自標遇如此。善持音儀，盡詳緩之致，與人別，執手曰：「念相聞。」餘響久之不絕。張氏後進皆慕之，其源起自敷也。遷黃門侍郎、始興王濬後將軍司徒左長史。未拜，父在吳興亡，成服凡十餘日，方進水漿，葬畢，不進鹽菜，遂毀瘠成疾。伯父茂度每譬止之，敷益更感慟，絕而復續。茂度曰：「我比止汝，而乃益甚。」自是不復往，未期年而卒。孝武即位，旌其孝道，追贈侍中，改其所居為孝張里。

The Secretariat Attendants Di Dang and Zhou Qiu both managed important affairs; because Fu was from a distinguished family in the same department, they wished to call on him. Qiu said: "He probably will not receive us — better not go. Dang said: "We are already supplementary gentlemen — why worry that we cannot sit together? Fu had two beds set out three or four chi from the wall. When the two guests took their seats, Fu called to his attendants: "Move my distant guests farther away! Qiu and the others turned pale and departed. Such was the esteem in which he held himself. He was skilled at maintaining tone and bearing, achieving to the full the quality of leisurely grace; when parting from others he would clasp their hands and say: "Think of me when you hear word of me. The resonance of his words lingered long after. The younger members of the Zhang clan all admired this; its source began with Fu. He was promoted to Palace Attendant and Left Chief Clerk to the Secretariat under the Rear General, Prince of Shixing Jun. Before he could assume office, his father died in Wu Xing. He wore mourning garments for more than ten days before taking even water or gruel; after the burial he ate no salt or vegetables, and thus wasted away into illness. His uncle Maodu repeatedly admonished him to stop, but Fu only grieved the more deeply, fainting and reviving. Maodu said: "I came to stop you, and yet you only grow worse. From then on he never visited again; before a full year had passed, Fu died. When Emperor Xiaowu ascended the throne, he commended Fu's filial devotion, posthumously granted him Attendant-in-Ordinary, and renamed his residence Filial Zhang Lane.

敷弟柬，襲父封，位通直郎。柬有勇力，手格猛獸，元兇以為輔國將軍。孝武至新亭，柬出奔，墜淮死。子式嗣。

Fu's younger brother Dong inherited their father's enfeoffment and held the post of Direct-and-Upright Gentleman. Dong had courage and strength and could grapple fierce beasts bare-handed; Yuan Xiong appointed him Assistant State General. When Emperor Xiaowu reached Xinting, Dong fled and fell into the Huai River and drowned. His son Shi succeeded him.

暢字少微，邵兄偉之子也。偉少有操行，為晉琅邪王國郎中令，從王至洛，還京都，武帝封藥酒一罌付偉，令密加鴆毒，受命於道，自飲而卒。

Chang, styled Shaowei, was the son of Shao's elder brother Wei. Wei from youth had integrity of conduct; he served as Chief Commandant of Palace Attendants in the Kingdom of Langya under Jin. When he followed the prince to Luoyang and returned to the capital, Emperor Wu sealed a jar of medicinal wine and entrusted it to Wei, ordering him secretly to add poison; Wei received the order on the road, drank it himself, and died.

暢少與從兄敷、演、鏡齊名，為後進之秀。起家為太守徐佩之主簿，佩之被誅，暢馳出奔赴，制服盡哀，時論美之。弟牧嘗為猘犬所傷，醫者云食蝦蟇可療，牧難之。暢含笑先嘗，牧因此乃食，由是遂愈。累遷太子中庶子。

Chang in youth shared renown with his cousins Fu, Yan, and Jing, and was outstanding among the rising generation. He began his career as Chief Clerk to Administrator Xu Peizhi; when Peizhi was executed, Chang galloped out to attend the body, donned mourning and grieved to the full — contemporaries praised him for it. His younger brother Mu was once bitten by a mad dog; the physician said eating toads could cure it, but Mu balked at the remedy. Chang smiled and tasted the toads first; only then did Mu eat, and he recovered. He rose through successive appointments to Crown Prince Vice-Councillor.

孝武鎮彭城，暢為安北長史、沛郡太守。元嘉二十七年，魏主托跋燾南征，太尉江夏王義恭統諸軍出鎮彭城。虜眾近城數十里，彭城眾力雖多，而軍食不足，義恭欲棄彭城南歸，計議彌日不定。時歷城眾少食多，安北中兵參軍沈慶之議欲以車營為函箱陣，精兵為外翼，奉二王及妃媛直趨歷城，分城兵配護軍將軍蕭思話留守。太尉長史何勖不同，欲席捲奔鬱洲，自海道還都。二議未決，更集群僚議之。暢曰：「若歷城、鬱洲可至，下官敢不高贊。今城內乏食，人無固心，但以關扃嚴密，不獲走耳。若一搖動，則潰然奔散，雖欲至所在，其可得乎！今食雖寡，然朝夕未至窘乏，豈可舍萬全之術，而即危亡之道。此計必行，下官請以頸血污君馬跡！」孝武聞暢議，謂義恭曰：「張長史言，不可違也。」義恭乃止。

While Emperor Xiaowu held Pengcheng, Chang was Chief Clerk to the General Who Pacifies the North and Administrator of Pei Commandery. In Yuanjia twenty-seven the Wei ruler Tuoba Tao marched south; Grand Commandant Yigong, Prince of Jiangxia, took overall command and moved out to garrison Pengcheng. The enemy drew to within a few dozen li of the walls. Pengcheng had numbers enough, but grain for the army ran short; Yigong wanted to abandon the city and flee south, and for days the council could not settle on a plan. Licheng then had little force but plenty of food. Shen Qingzhi, middle army staff officer to the Pacifying North command, urged a wagon-fort formation: elite troops as outer wings, the two princes and their ladies rushed straight to Licheng, and the city garrison split off under Defensive Corps General Xiao Sihua to hold Pengcheng. Grand Commandant Chief Clerk He Xu dissented: he wanted to pack up and bolt for Yuzhou, then take the sea route home. With the two plans still unresolved, they convened the staff once more. Chang said: "If Licheng and Yuzhou were truly within reach, I would be the first to applaud. Food inside the walls is low and hearts are unsteady; men stay only because the gates are locked tight and there is nowhere to run. Stir them once and they will break and flee in panic — even if you mean to reach your goal, how could you? Provisions are thin, yes, but we are not yet starving day to day. Why cast aside a course that still keeps us whole and choose the road to ruin? If you take this road, I ask only to die under your horse's hooves! When Emperor Xiaowu heard Chang, he told Yigong: "Chief Clerk Zhang is right — do not go against him. Yigong dropped the plan.

魏主既至，登城南亞父塚，於戲馬臺立氈屋。先是，隊主蒯應見執，其日晡時，遣送應至小市門，致意求甘蔗及酒。孝武遣送酒二器，甘蔗百挺。求駱駝。明日，魏主又自上戲馬臺，復遣使至小市門，求與孝武相見，遣送駱駝，並致雜物，使於南門受之。暢於城上與魏尚書李孝伯語，孝伯問：「君何姓？」答曰：「姓張。」孝伯曰：「張長史乎？」暢曰：「君何得見識？」孝伯曰：「君名聲遠聞，足使我知。」城內有具思者，嘗在魏，義恭使視，知是孝伯，乃開門餉物。魏主又求酒及甘橘，孝武又致螺杯雜物，南土所珍。魏主復令孝伯傳語曰：「魏主有詔借博具。」暢曰：「博具當為申致，有詔之言，正可施於彼國，何得施之於此？」孝伯曰：「以鄰國之臣耳。」孝伯又言：「太尉、鎮軍，久闕南信，殊當憂邑。若遣信，當為護送。」暢曰：「此中間道甚多，亦不須煩魏。」孝伯曰：「亦知有水路，似為白賊所斷。」暢曰：「君著白衣，故號白賊也。」孝伯笑曰：「今之白賊，亦不異黃巾、赤眉，但不在江南耳。」又求博具，俄送與。魏主又遣送氈及九種鹽並胡豉，云：「此諸鹽，各有宜。白鹽是魏主所食；黑者療腹脹氣滿，刮取六銖，以酒服之；胡鹽療目痛。柔鹽不用食，療馬脊創；赤鹽、駁鹽、臭鹽、馬齒鹽四種，並不中食。胡豉亦中啖。」又求黃甘，並云：「魏主致意太尉、安北，何不遣人來問，觀我儀貌，察我為人。」暢又宣旨答曰：「魏主形狀才力，久為來往所見。李尚書親自銜命，不忍彼此不盡，故不復遣。」又云「魏主恨向所送馬殊不稱意，安北若須大馬，當送之，脫須蜀馬，亦有佳者。」暢曰：「安北不乏良駟，送在彼意，此非所求。」義恭又送炬燭十挺，孝武亦致錦一匹。又曰：「知更須黃甘，若給彼軍，即不能足；若供魏主，未當乏絕，故不復致。」孝伯又曰：「君南土膏粱，何為著屩？君且如此，將士云何？」暢曰：「膏粱之言，誠以為愧。但以不武，受命統軍，戎陣軍間，不容緩服。」魏主又遣就二王借箜篌、琵琶等器及棋子，孝伯足詞辯，亦北土之美。暢隨宜應答，甚為敏捷，音韻詳雅，魏人美之。

Once the Wei ruler arrived, he climbed Ya Fu's tomb south of the city and pitched a felt pavilion on the Playhorse Platform. Earlier, squad leader Kuai Ying had been taken prisoner; that afternoon they sent him to the Small Market Gate with a request for sugarcane and wine. Emperor Xiaowu sent two jars of wine and a hundred stalks of sugarcane. They asked for a camel. The next day the Wei ruler again mounted the Playhorse Platform and sent envoys to the Small Market Gate asking to meet Emperor Xiaowu; they delivered a camel and other gifts, to be received at the South Gate. From the ramparts Chang spoke with Li Xiaobo, Minister of the Masters of Writing of Wei. Xiaobo asked: "What is your surname? He answered: "Zhang. Xiaobo said: "Chief Clerk Zhang? Chang said: "How do you know me? Xiaobo said: "Your name carries far — that is enough for me to know. Inside the city was Ju Si, who had once served Wei; Yigong sent him to look and, recognizing Xiaobo, opened the gate to send provisions. The Wei ruler asked again for wine and sweet oranges; Emperor Xiaowu replied with conch cups and other treasures of the south. The Wei ruler had Xiaobo pass word: "The Wei ruler decrees that gaming pieces be lent. Chang said: "We can relay a request for gaming pieces — but an 'edict' belongs to your realm; how can it be spoken here? Xiaobo said: "I speak only as a minister of a neighboring state. Xiaobo added: "The Grand Commandant and the Pacifying Army General have had no news from the south for so long — they must be sick with worry. Send couriers and we will see them safely through. Chang said: "There are plenty of paths between us; we need not trouble Wei. Xiaobo said: "We know the water road too — but the White Bandits seem to have cut it. Chang said: "You dress in white — that is why they are called White Bandits. Xiaobo laughed: "Today's White Bandits are no different from the Yellow Turbans and Red Eyebrows — only they are not in Jiangnan. They asked again for gaming pieces, and soon received them. The Wei ruler sent felt, nine kinds of salt, and Hu fermented beans, saying: "Each salt has its use. White salt is the Wei ruler's table salt; black salt treats bloating and gas — scrape six zhu and take it in wine; Hu salt treats sore eyes. soft salt is not eaten; it heals wounds along a horse's back; red, mottled, foul, and horsetooth salt — four kinds — are not fit to eat. The Hu fermented beans may be eaten as well. They asked again for sweet oranges and added: "The Wei ruler sends regards to the Grand Commandant and the Pacifying North commander — why not send someone to visit, see his bearing, and learn his character? Chang answered in turn: "The Wei ruler's looks and strength have been plain enough in all our back-and-forth. Minister Li has come in person; we would not have either side stint in courtesy — so we need not send anyone else. They added: "The Wei ruler was displeased with the horses sent before — if the Pacifying North commander wants tall horses, we will send them; if he prefers Shu mounts, we have good ones too. Chang said: "The Pacifying North commander lacks no fine horses; your gift is kind, but it is not what we asked for. Yigong sent ten bundles of torch-candles; Emperor Xiaowu sent a bolt of brocade. He added: "We know you want more sweet oranges — if we fed your whole army, we could not fill the need; but for the Wei ruler alone we would not run short — so we send no more. Xiaobo said again: "You are southern nobility — why wear straw sandals? If even you go like this, what of your officers and men? Chang said: "Your talk of noble breeding does shame me. But I am no fighter, yet I was ordered to command an army — in camp and on the field one cannot dress at ease. The Wei ruler sent again to borrow from the two princes the konghou, pipa, and other instruments, and chess pieces. Xiaobo was quick with words — a northern wit in his own right. Chang matched him point for point, swift and supple; his diction was polished and graceful, and the northerners admired him.

時魏聲云當出襄陽，故以暢為南譙王義宣司空長史、南郡太守。元兇弑逆，義宣發哀之日，即便舉兵。暢為元佐，舉哀畢，改服著黃袴褶，出射堂簡人，音儀容止，眾皆矚目，見者皆為盡命。事平，徵為吏部尚書，封夷道縣侯。及義宣有異圖，蔡超等以暢人望，勸義宣留之，乃解南蠻校尉以授暢，加冠軍將軍，領丞相長史。暢遣門生荀僧寶下都，因顏竣陳義宣釁狀。僧寶有私貨，止巴陵不時下。會義宣起兵，津路斷絕，遂不得前。義宣將為逆，使嬖人翟靈寶告暢，暢陳必無此理，請以死保之。靈寶還白義宣，云暢必不可回，請殺以徇眾，賴丞相司馬竺超民得免。進號撫軍，別立軍部，以收人望。暢雖署文檄，飲酒常醉，不省其事。及義宣敗於梁山，暢為軍人所掠，衣服都盡。遇右將軍王玄謨乘輿出營，暢已得敗衣，遂排玄謨上輿，玄謨甚不悅。諸將請殺之，隊主張榮救之得免。執送都下，付廷尉，見原。

Rumor then had Wei marching on Xiangyang, so Chang was made chief clerk to Minister of Works Yixuan, Prince of Nanqiao, and Administrator of Nan Commandery. When Yuan Xiong murdered his father, Yixuan raised an army the very day he began mourning. Chang was his chief aide. When mourning ended he put on yellow battle dress, went to the archery hall to choose men, and by voice and bearing held every eye; all who saw him pledged their lives. After the revolt was crushed he was recalled as Minister of Personnel and enfeoffed as Marquis of Yidao. When Yixuan turned toward rebellion, Cai Chao and others, valuing Chang's standing, urged Yixuan to keep him close; he stripped Chang of the Southern Barbarians command and gave it to him again with the title Champion General and concurrent chief clerk to the chancellor. Chang sent his student Xun Sengbao to the capital to lay Yixuan's rebellious intent before Yan Jun. Sengbao carried private merchandise and halted at Baling instead of going on at once. Yixuan then rose in arms, the river routes were severed, and Sengbao could not get through. When Yixuan was on the verge of rebellion he sent his favorite Zhai Lingbao to tell Chang; Chang insisted there was no such plan and offered his life as pledge. Lingbao reported back that Chang would never be swayed and asked to kill him to terrify the host; only Chancellor Marshal Zhu Chaomin saved him. He was promoted Pacifying Army General and given a separate staff, to win back popular regard. Chang signed the proclamations, but drank himself drunk day after day and paid no attention to business. When Yixuan fell at Liangshan, soldiers stripped Chang bare. He met Right General Wang Xuamo leaving camp in a carriage. Chang, having scavenged rags, shoved Xuamo aside and climbed in; Xuamo was furious. The generals wanted him dead, but squad leader Zhang Rong saved him. He was taken to the capital, handed to the Court of Judicial Review, and pardoned.

起為都官尚書，轉侍中。孝武宴朝賢，暢亦在坐。何偃因醉曰：「張暢信奇才也，與義宣作賊，而卒無咎。苟非奇才，安能致此！」暢曰：「太初之時，誰黃其閣？」帝曰：「何事相苦。」初，尚之為元兇司空，及義師至新林門，人皆逃，尚之父子共洗黃閣，故暢以此譏之。孝建二年，出為會稽太守。卒，諡曰宣。暢愛弟子輯，臨終遺命與輯合墳，時議非之。

He was restored as Minister of the Court of Judicial Review, then moved to Attendant-in-Ordinary. Emperor Xiaowu feasted the court's eminent men; Chang was among the guests. He Yan, drunk, said: "Zhang Chang is a marvel: he joined Yixuan in rebellion and still walked away unscathed. If he were not a marvel, how could that happen? Chang said: "In the Taichu reign, who scrubbed the Yellow Pavilion clean? The Emperor said: "Must you rake each other over the coals? Earlier Shangzhi had been Minister of Works under Yuan Xiong; when the righteous army reached Xinlin Gate and all fled, Shangzhi and his son washed the Yellow Pavilion together — hence Chang's barb. In Xiaojian two he was sent out as Administrator of Kuaiji. He died and was posthumously titled Xuan. Chang adored his nephew Ji and on his deathbed ordered that they share one tomb — opinion condemned it.

弟悅，亦有美稱，歷侍中、臨海王子頊前將軍長史、南郡太守。晉安王子勛建偽號，召拜為吏部尚書，與鄧琬共輔偽政。及事敗，悅殺琬歸降，復為太子中庶子。後拜雍州刺史。泰始六年，明帝於巴郡置三巴校尉，以悅補之，加持節、輔師將軍，領巴郡太守。未拜，卒。

His brother Yue, also well regarded, served as Attendant-in-Ordinary, chief clerk to Vanguard General Zixu, Prince of Linhai, and Administrator of Nan Commandery. When Prince of Jin'an Zixun set up a pretender court, Yue was summoned as Minister of Personnel and joined Deng Wan in serving the false government. When the cause collapsed, Yue killed Wan and surrendered; he was again made Crown Prince Vice-Councillor. Later he was made Inspector of Yong Province. In Taishi six Emperor Ming created the Three Ba Commander in Ba Commandery and appointed Yue, with Staff of Authority and the title Assistant Master General, concurrently Administrator of Ba Commandery. Before he took up the post, he died.

暢子浩，官至義陽王昶征北諮議參軍。浩弟淹，黃門郎，封廣晉縣子，太子右衛率，東陽太守。逼郡吏燒臂照佛，百姓有罪，使禮佛贖刑，動至數千拜。免官禁錮。起為光祿勳，與晉安王子勛同逆，軍敗見殺焉。

Chang's son Hao reached the post of consulting officer on the staff of the Prince of Yiyang's northern campaign command. Hao's brother Yan was Gentleman at the Yellow Gate, Viscount of Guangjin, Right Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard, and Administrator of Dongyang. He made county clerks burn their arms as lamp-offerings before the Buddha; for commoners' crimes he ordered Buddhist worship in lieu of punishment — often thousands of bows. He was removed from office and placed under house arrest. Restored as Grand Master of Splendid Happiness, he rebelled with Prince of Jin'an Zixun and was killed when their army was routed.

臣穆等案《高氏小史》，《趙倫之傳》下有《到彥之傳》，而此書獨闕。約之史法，諸帝稱廟號，而謂魏為虜。今帝稱帝號，魏稱魏主，與《南史》體同，而傳末又無史臣論，疑非約書。然其辭差與《南史》異，故特存焉。

Your subjects Mu and others observe that Gao's Brief History places the Biography of Dao Yanzhi after that of Zhao Lunzhi, but this book alone omits it. By Yue's historiographic rules, emperors are named by temple titles and Wei is called "the barbarians." Here emperors are called by reign titles and Wei by "Wei ruler," as in the Nanshi — yet there is no historians' appraisal at the end; it is doubted to be Yue's original text. Still, its language diverges in places from the Nanshi, and so it is kept here on that account.

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