Volume 45 Biographies 5: Wang Zhen E, Tan Shao, Xiang Jing, Liu Huaishen, Liu Cui

列傳第五王鎮惡檀韶向靖劉懷慎劉粹

Biographies 5: Wang Zhen'e, Tan Shao, Xiang Jing, Liu Huaishen, and Liu Cui

王鎮惡，北海劇人也。祖猛，字景略，苻堅僭號關中，猛為將相，有文武才，北土重之。父休，為河東太守。鎮惡以五月五日生，家人以俗忌，欲令出繼疏宗。猛見奇之，曰：「此非常兒，昔孟嘗君惡月生而相齊，是兒亦將興吾門矣！」故名之為鎮惡。年十三而苻氏敗亡，關中擾亂，流寓崤、澠之間。嘗寄食澠池人李方家，方善遇之。謂方曰：「若遭遇英雄主，要取萬戶侯，當厚相報。」方答曰：「君丞相孫，人才如此，何患不富貴。至時願見用為本縣令，足矣。」後隨叔父曜歸晉，客居荊州。頗讀諸子兵書，論軍國大事，騎乘非所長，關弓亦甚弱，而意略縱橫，果決能斷。

Wang Zhen'e was a native of Ju in Beihai commandery. His grandfather Wang Meng, styled Jinglüe, rose to power when Fu Jian seized authority in Guanzhong; Meng served as both general and chief minister, possessed civil and military gifts alike, and was held in the highest regard across the north. His father Wang Xiu was Administrator of Hedong. Zhen'e was born on the Double Fifth—the fifth day of the fifth month—a date regarded as inauspicious. His family wished to have him adopted into a distant branch of the clan to avert ill fortune. Meng, seeing the boy, was struck by his unusual quality and said, "This is no ordinary child. In former times Lord Mengchang was born in an ill-omened month yet rose to rule Qi; this boy too will bring glory to our house!" So he was given the name Zhen'e—"he who quells evil." At thirteen the Fu regime collapsed; Guanzhong fell into chaos, and he drifted as a refugee between the Xiao and Mian valleys. He once lived on charity at the home of Li Fang of Mianchi, who treated him with kindness. He told Fang, "If I ever meet a heroic lord and win a marquisate of ten thousand households, I shall repay you handsomely." Fang replied, "You are the grandson of a chief minister, and with talent such as yours, what need is there to worry about wealth and rank? When that day comes I would only ask to be made magistrate of this county—that would be enough for me." Later he followed his uncle Wang Yao in returning to Jin and lived as a guest in Jingzhou. He read widely in the military classics and debated affairs of state and army; horsemanship was not his strength, nor was archery, yet his strategic vision was bold and far-ranging, and he was resolute and decisive in action.

廣固之役，或薦鎮惡於高祖，時鎮惡為天門臨澧令，即遣召之。既至與語，甚異焉，因留宿。明旦謂諸佐曰：「鎮惡，王猛之孫，所謂將門有將也。」即以為青州治中從事史，行參中軍太尉軍事，署前部賊曹。拒盧循於查浦，屢戰有功，封博陸縣五等子。高祖謀討劉毅，鎮惡曰：「公若有事西楚，請賜給百舸為前驅。」義熙八年，劉毅有疾，求遣從弟兗州刺史藩為副貳，高祖偽許之。九月，大軍西討，轉鎮惡參軍事，加振武將軍。高祖至姑孰，遣鎮惡率龍驤將軍蒯恩百舸前發，其月二十九日也。戒之曰：「若賊知吾上，比軍至，亦當少日耳。政當岸上作軍，未辦便下船也。卿至彼，深加籌量，可擊，便燒其船艦，且浮舸水側，以待吾至。慰勞百姓，宣揚詔旨並赦文、及吾與衛軍府文武書。罪止一人，其餘一無所問。若賊都不知消息，未有備防，可襲便襲。今去，但云劉兗州上。」鎮惡受命，便晝夜兼行，於鵲洲、尋陽、河口、巴陵守風凡四日；十月二十二日，至豫章口，去江陵城二十里。

During the campaign at Guanggu, someone recommended Zhen'e to Emperor Wu of Song; at the time he was magistrate of Linli in Tianmen, and was immediately summoned. When he arrived and conversed with him, the emperor was greatly impressed and kept him overnight. The next morning he told his aides, "Zhen'e is the grandson of Wang Meng—as the saying goes, general's households produce generals." He was at once made Attending Clerk of the Secretariat for Qingzhou, acting staff officer to the Grand Marshal's central army, and appointed to the Front Section Bandit Office. In resisting Lu Xun at Zha Pu he fought repeatedly with distinction and was enfeoffed as Fifth-Rank Viscount of Bolu. When the emperor planned to campaign against Liu Yi, Zhen'e said, "If my lord has business in the western Chu region, please grant me a hundred warships as vanguard." In the eighth year of Yixi (412), Liu Yi fell ill and requested that his younger cousin Fan, Governor of Yanzhou, be sent as his deputy; the emperor pretended to agree. In the ninth month the main army marched west; Zhen'e was transferred to staff officer and given the additional title General Who Quells Martial Foes. When the emperor reached Gushu he sent Zhen'e ahead at the head of a hundred warships under the Dragon Soaring General Kuai En—it was the twenty-ninth day of that month. He admonished him, saying, "If the rebel learns that I am coming, even by the time our army arrives it will still be only a few days. He will surely be making camp on shore and will not yet be ready to board his ships. When you reach there, weigh matters carefully; if you can strike, burn his ships, and keep light boats afloat along the water to await my arrival. Comfort the people, proclaim the imperial edict and the amnesty, and my letters to the civil and military officials of the Guard Army headquarters. Guilt rests on one man alone; all others are not to be questioned. If the rebel capital does not yet know the news and has made no preparations, strike whenever you can. For now, when you go, say only that the Governor of Yanzhou is coming." Zhen'e accepted the command and pressed on day and night; at Quezhou, Xunyang, Hekou, and Baling he waited out the wind for four days in all; on the twenty-second day of the tenth month he reached the mouth of Yuzhang, twenty li from the city of Jiangling.

自鎮惡進路，揚聲劉兗州上，毅謂為信然，不知見襲。鎮惡自豫章口舍船步上，蒯恩軍在前，鎮惡次之。舸留一二人，對舸岸上豎六七旗，下輒安一鼓。語所留人：「計我將至城，便長嚴，令後有大軍狀。」又分隊在後，令燒江津船艦。鎮惡徑前襲城，語前軍：「若有問者，但云劉兗州至。」津戍及百姓皆言劉藩實上，晏然不疑。

From the time Zhen'e advanced, the report spread that the Governor of Yanzhou was coming; Yi believed it and did not know he was being attacked. Zhen'e left his boats at the mouth of Yuzhang and marched ashore; Kuai En's troops were in front, Zhen'e behind. On each boat one or two men were left; opposite each boat on shore six or seven banners were raised, and each time they disembarked a drum was set up. He told those left behind, "Calculate when I shall reach the city, then sound the long roll and make it appear that a great army follows." He also sent detachments to the rear with orders to burn the boats at the Jiang crossing. Zhen'e pressed straight on to storm the city and told the vanguard, "If anyone asks, say only that the Governor of Yanzhou has arrived." The ferry garrisons and common people all said Liu Fan had truly come, and remained at ease without suspicion.

未至城五六裡，逢毅要將朱顯之，與十許騎，步從者數十，欲出江津。問是何人，答云：「劉兗州至。」顯之馳前問藩在所，答云：「在後。」顯之既見軍不見藩，而見軍人擔彭排戰具，望見江津船艦已被燒，煙焰張天，而鼓嚴之聲甚盛，知非藩上，便躍馬馳去告毅：「外有大軍，似從下上，垂已至城，江津船悉被火燒矣。」行令閉諸城門。鎮惡亦馳進，軍人緣城得入，門猶未及下關，因得開大城東門。大城內，毅凡有八隊，帶甲千餘，已得戒嚴。蒯恩入東門，便北回擊射堂，前攻金城東門。鎮惡入東門，便直擊金城西門。軍分攻金城南門，毅金城，內東從舊將，猶有六隊千餘人，西將及能細直吏快手，復有二千餘人。食時就鬥，至中晡，西人退散及歸降略盡。鎮惡入城，便因風放火，燒大城南門及東門。又遣人以詔及赦文並高祖手書凡三函示毅，毅皆燒不視。金城內亦未信高祖自來。有王桓者，家住江陵，昔手斬桓謙，為高祖所賞拔，常在左右。求還西迎家，至是率十餘人助鎮惡戰。下晡間，於金城東門北三十步鑿城作一穴，桓便先眾入穴，鎮惡自後繼之，隨者稍多，因短兵接戰。鎮惡軍人與毅東來將士，或有是父兄子弟，中表親親者，鎮惡令且鬥且共語，眾並知高祖自來，人情離懈。一更許，聽事前陣散潰，斬毅勇將趙蔡。毅左右兵猶閉東西閣拒戰，鎮惡慮暗夜自相傷犯，乃引軍出，繞金城，開其南面，以為退路。毅慮南有伏兵，三更中，率左右三百許人開北門突出。初，毅常所乘馬在城外不得入，倉卒無馬，毅便就子肅民取馬，肅民不與。朱顯之謂曰：「人取汝父，而惜馬不與，汝今自走，欲何之？」奪馬以授毅。初出，政值鎮惡軍，衝之不得去；回衝蒯恩軍，軍人鬥已一日，疲倦，毅得從大城東門出奔牛牧佛寺，自縊死。鎮惡身被五箭，射鎮惡手所執矟，於手中破折。江陵平後二十日，大軍方至。

When still five or six li from the city he met Yi's chief officer Zhu Xianzhi, with some ten horsemen and several dozen foot soldiers, intending to go out to the Jiang crossing. Asked who they were, they answered, "The Governor of Yanzhou has arrived." Xianzhi galloped forward to ask where Fan was; they answered, "In the rear." Xianzhi had already seen the army but not Fan, and saw the soldiers carrying rattan shields and battle gear; looking toward the Jiang crossing he saw the boats already burning, smoke and flame filling the sky, and the roll of drums very loud—knowing it was not Fan, he leapt on his horse and galloped off to tell Yi, "A great army is outside, as if coming up from below; it is almost at the city, and the boats at the Jiang crossing have all been set afire." He issued orders to close all the city gates. Zhen'e also galloped forward; his soldiers scaled the wall and entered, and the gates had not yet been fully shut—thus they were able to open the great city's east gate. Within the great city Yi had eight companies in all, over a thousand men in armor, already under full alert. Kuai En entered the east gate, turned north to strike the Archery Hall, and advanced to attack the east gate of the inner citadel. Zhen'e entered the east gate and pressed straight to attack the west gate of the inner citadel. The army split to attack the south gate of the inner citadel; Yi's inner citadel still had six companies of over a thousand former eastern officers, and western officers plus skilled clerks and quick hands numbered over two thousand more. Fighting began at mealtime and continued until mid-afternoon; the western troops scattered and surrendered, nearly all of them. Zhen'e entered the city and, taking advantage of the wind, set fire to the great city's south and east gates. He also sent men to show Yi three documents—the edict, the amnesty, and the emperor's own letter—but Yi burned them all unread. Within the inner citadel they still did not believe the emperor had come in person. There was one Wang Huan, whose family lived in Jiangling; he had once personally beheaded Huan Qian and was favored and promoted by the emperor, always at his side. He had asked to return west to fetch his family; now he led a dozen or more men to aid Zhen'e in battle. In the late afternoon they dug a hole in the wall thirty paces north of the inner citadel's east gate; Huan went ahead of the troops into the hole, Zhen'e followed, and as more joined they fought at close quarters. Among Zhen'e's soldiers and Yi's eastern officers some were fathers and sons, brothers, or close kin; Zhen'e ordered them to fight while speaking with one another, and all came to know the emperor had come in person—morale collapsed. Around the first watch the formation before the audience hall scattered; the brave officer Zhao Cai was beheaded. Yi's personal guards still held the east and west wings and resisted; Zhen'e feared that in the dark night they would wound one another, and led his army out, circling the inner citadel and opening its south side as a line of retreat. Yi feared an ambush to the south; in the third watch he led some three hundred of his personal followers and burst out the north gate. Earlier Yi's usual mount had been outside the wall and could not enter; in the emergency there was no horse, and Yi went to take his son Suimin's horse, but Suimin would not give it. Zhu Xianzhi said to him, "Men are taking your father, yet you begrudge your horse—where do you think you can flee on foot?" He seized the horse and gave it to Yi. Just as he came out he ran into Zhen'e's army and could not break through; turning back he charged Kuai En's troops; the soldiers had fought all day and were weary—Yi escaped through the great city's east gate to the Niumu Temple, where he hanged himself. Zhen'e himself took five arrows; one struck the spear he held in his hand and broke it in his grip. Twenty days after Jiangling was pacified the main army arrived.

署中兵，出為安遠護軍、武陵內史。以討劉毅功，封漢壽縣子，食邑五百戶。蠻帥向博抵根據阮頭，屢為兇暴，鎮惡討平之。初行，告刺史司馬休之，求遣軍以為聲援，休之遣其將朱襄領眾助鎮惡。會高祖西討休之，鎮惡乃告諸將曰：「百姓皆知官軍已上，朱襄等復是一賊，表裏受敵，吾事敗矣。」乃率軍夜下，江水迅急，倏忽行數百里，直據都尉治。既至，乃以竹籠盛石，堙塞水道。襄軍下，夾岸擊之，斬襄首，殺千餘人。鎮惡性貪，既破襄，因停軍抄掠諸蠻，不時反。及至江陵，休之已平，高祖怒，不時見之。鎮惡笑曰：「但令我一見公，無憂矣。」高祖尋登城喚鎮惡，鎮惡為人強辯，有口機，隨宜酬應，高祖乃釋。休之及魯宗之奔襄陽，鎮惡統蒯恩諸軍水路追之，休之等奔羌，鎮惡追躡，盡境而還。除游擊將軍。

He was appointed Central Army commander, then made General Who Pacifies the Distant and Interior Administrator of Wuling. For his merit in campaigning against Liu Yi he was enfeoffed as Viscount of Hanshou with a fief of five hundred households. The barbarian chief Xiang Bodi held Ruan Head and repeatedly committed violent outrages; Zhen'e campaigned and pacified him. At the outset of the campaign he informed the Inspector Sima Xiuzhi and asked for troops as support; Xiuzhi sent his officer Zhu Xiang with a force to assist Zhen'e. When the emperor marched west against Xiuzhi, Zhen'e told his officers, "The people all know the government army has come; Zhu Xiang and the rest are rebels too—we face enemies before and behind. Our cause is lost." He then led his army downstream by night; the river current was swift and in an instant they covered several hundred li, seizing the commandery seat directly. When they arrived they filled bamboo cages with stones and blocked the waterway. When Xiang's army came downstream they struck from both banks, beheaded Xiang, and killed over a thousand. Zhen'e was greedy by nature; having defeated Xiang he halted the army to plunder the various barbarian groups and did not return in time. By the time he reached Jiangling, Xiuzhi had already been pacified; the emperor was angry and would not see him for a time. Zhen'e laughed and said, "Just let me see my lord once and there will be nothing to worry about." Before long the emperor mounted the wall and called Zhen'e; Zhen'e was forceful in debate and quick of tongue, answering as the occasion required, and the emperor released him. Xiuzhi and Lu Zongzhi fled to Xiangyang; Zhen'e commanded Kuai En and the other armies in pursuit by water. They fled to the Qiang lands; Zhen'e pursued to the border and returned. He was made General of Mobile Warfare.

十二年，高祖將北伐，轉鎮惡為諮議參軍，行龍驤將軍，領前鋒。將發，前將軍劉穆之見鎮惡於積弩堂，謂之曰：「公愍此遺黎，志蕩逋逆。昔晉文王委伐蜀於鄧艾，今亦委卿以關中，想勉建大功，勿孤此授。」鎮惡曰：「不克咸陽，誓不復濟江而還也！」鎮惡入賊境，戰無不捷，邵陵、許昌，望風奔散；破虎牢及柏谷塢，斬賊帥趙玄。軍次洛陽，偽陳留公姚洸歸順。進次澠池，造故人李方家，升堂見母，厚加酬賚，即版授方為澠池令。遣司馬毛德祖攻偽弘農太守尹雅於蠡城，生擒之。仍行弘農太守。方軌長驅，徑據潼關。偽大將軍姚紹率大眾拒嶮，深溝高壘以自固。鎮惡懸軍遠入，轉輸不充，與賊相持久，將士乏食，乃親到弘農督上民租，百姓競送義粟，軍食復振。

In the twelfth year the emperor planned a northern campaign; Zhen'e was transferred to Advising Staff Officer, acting Dragon Soaring General, and commander of the vanguard. As they were about to depart, the Forward General Liu Muyi received Zhen'e at the Accumulated Crossbow Hall and said to him, "My lord pities these surviving people and is resolved to sweep away the fleeing rebels. In former times Jin Wendi entrusted the conquest of Shu to Deng Ai; today he entrusts you with Guanzhong—I trust you will strive to achieve great merit and do not betray this commission." Zhen'e said, "If I do not take Xianyang I swear not to cross the river again on my return!" Once Zhen'e entered enemy territory he was victorious in every battle; at Shaoling and Xuchang the enemy fled at the mere report of his approach; he stormed Hulao and the Boggu stockade and beheaded the rebel chief Zhao Xuan. When the army reached Luoyang the false Duke of Chenliu Yao Guang surrendered. Advancing to Mianchi he visited his old host Li Fang's home, went up to the hall to see Fang's mother, rewarded her generously, and at once appointed Fang magistrate of Mianchi. He sent the staff officer Mao Dezu to attack the false Administrator of Hongnong Yin Ya at Li City and took him alive. He then acted as Administrator of Hongnong. Advancing in measured columns he pressed straight to Tong Pass. The false Grand General Yao Shao led a great host to hold the defile, digging deep moats and raising high ramparts to hold firm. Zhen'e's army hung far in enemy territory and supplies did not suffice; locked in stalemate with the enemy, the troops lacked food—he went in person to Hongnong to oversee the people's grain tax; the common people vied to send grain as a gift, and army provisions were restored.

初，高祖與鎮惡等期，若克洛陽，須大軍至，未可輕前。既而鎮惡等徑向潼關，為紹所拒不得進，而軍又乏食，馳告高祖，求遣糧援。時高祖沿河，索虜屯據河岸，軍不得前。高祖呼所遣人開舫北戶，指河上虜示之曰：「我語令勿進，而輕佻深入。岸上如此，何由得遣軍？」鎮惡既得義租，紹又病死，偽撫軍姚贊代紹守險，眾力猶盛。高祖至湖城，贊引退。

Earlier the emperor had agreed with Zhen'e and the others that if Luoyang were taken they must wait for the main army before advancing lightly. But then Zhen'e and the others pressed straight for Tong Pass, were blocked by Shao and could not advance, and the army again lacked food; they sent urgent word to the emperor asking for grain and reinforcements. At the time the emperor was moving along the river; the Suo barbarians held the riverbank and the army could not advance. The emperor opened the north door of the dispatch boat and pointed to the barbarians on the river, saying to the messenger, "I told you not to advance, yet you rashly went deep. With the bank in this state, how am I to send troops?" Zhen'e had already obtained the donated grain; Shao also died of illness, and the false Pacification General Yao Zan replaced Shao in holding the defile—the enemy force was still strong. When the emperor reached Hucheng, Yao Zan pulled back.

大軍次潼關，謀進取之計，鎮惡請率水軍自河入渭。偽鎮北將軍姚強屯兵涇上，鎮惡遣毛德祖擊破之，直至渭橋。鎮惡所乘皆蒙衝小艦，行船者悉在艦內，羌見艦溯渭而進，艦外不見有乘行船人，北土素無舟楫，莫不驚惋，咸謂為神。鎮惡既至，令將士食畢，便棄船登岸。渭水流急，倏忽間，諸艦悉逐流去。時姚泓屯軍在長安城下，猶數萬人。鎮惡撫慰士卒曰：「卿諸人並家在江南，此是長安城北門外，去家萬里，而舫乘、衣糧，並已逐流去，豈復有求生之計邪？唯宜死戰，可以立大功，不然，則無遺類矣。」乃身先士卒，眾亦知無復退路，莫不騰踴爭先。泓眾一時奔潰，即陷長安城。泓挺身逃走，明日，率妻子歸降。城內夷、晉六萬餘戶，鎮惡宣揚國恩，撫尉初附，號令嚴肅，百姓安堵。

The main army halted at Tong Pass to plan the advance; Zhen'e asked to lead the fleet from the Yellow River into the Wei. The rebel General Who Guards the North Yao Qiang had troops on the Jing River; Zhen'e sent Mao Dezu to rout him and pushed on to the Wei Bridge. Zhen'e sailed only in small covered assault craft, with every rower hidden inside the hull. The Qiang watched the fleet move up the Wei yet could see no crew on deck; peoples of the north, unaccustomed to naval warfare, were thunderstruck and called it sorcery. Once he arrived, Zhen'e had his men eat their fill, then abandoned the boats and went ashore. The Wei ran swift; in a moment every boat was swept downstream. Yao Hong still had several tens of thousands encamped below the walls of Chang'an. Zhen'e rallied the troops: "Every one of you has kin in the south. We stand outside Chang'an's north gate, ten thousand li from home, and our boats, clothes, and grain are all gone downstream—what plan for survival remains? Fight to the death and you may win great merit; otherwise not one of you will survive." He led from the front; knowing there was no retreat, every man surged forward to be first into the fight. Hong's army broke at once, and Chang'an fell that day. Hong fled in person; the next day he brought his wife and children to surrender. More than sixty thousand Di and Jin households lived in the city; Zhen'e proclaimed imperial grace, reassured the newly submitted, enforced strict discipline, and the people lived in peace.

高祖將至，鎮惡於灞上奉迎。高祖勞之曰：「成吾霸業者，真卿也。」鎮惡再拜謝曰：「此明公之威，諸將之力，鎮惡何功之有焉！」高祖笑曰：「卿欲學馮異也。」是時關中豐全，倉庫殷積，鎮惡極意收斂，子女玉帛，不可勝計。高祖以其功大，不問也。進號征虜將軍。時有白高祖以鎮惡既克長安，藏姚泓偽輦，為有異志。高祖密遣人覘輦所在，泓輦飾以金銀，鎮惡悉剔取，而棄輦於垣側。高祖聞之，乃安。

As the emperor approached, Zhen'e went out to Ba to welcome him. The emperor praised him: "You are the man who has made my hegemony possible." Zhen'e bowed low and said, "This is your majesty and the other generals' doing—what merit is mine?" The emperor laughed: "So you mean to imitate Feng Yi." Guanzhong was then rich and full, storehouses overflowing; Zhen'e plundered without restraint—women, children, jade, and silks beyond reckoning. Given his great merit, the emperor let the matter pass without inquiry. He was promoted to General Who Campaigns Against Barbarians. Someone then informed the emperor that after taking Chang'an, Zhen'e had hidden Yao Hong's imperial carriage—a sign of rebellious intent. The emperor secretly sent men to find the carriage; Hong's equipage was plated in gold and silver, but Zhen'e had stripped it bare and left the shell by a wall. When the emperor learned this, his suspicions were laid to rest.

高祖留第二子桂陽公義真為安西將軍、雍、秦二州刺史，鎮長安。鎮惡以本號領安西司馬、馮翊太守，委以捍禦之任。時西虜佛佛強盛，姚興世侵擾北邊，破軍殺將非一。高祖既至長安，佛佛畏憚不敢動。及大軍東還，便寇逼北地。義真遣中兵參軍沈田子距之。虜甚盛，田子屯劉回堡，遣使還報鎮惡。鎮惡對田子使，謂長史王修曰：「公以十歲兒付吾等，當各思竭力，而擁兵不進，寇虜何由得平！」使還，具說鎮惡言，田子素與鎮惡不協，至是益激怒。二人常有相圖志，彼此每相防疑。鎮惡率軍出北地，為田子所殺，事在《序傳》。時年四十六。田子又於鎮惡營內殺鎮惡兄基、弟鴻、遵、淵及從弟昭、朗、弘，凡七人。是歲，十四年正月十五日也。

The emperor left his second son, the Duke of Guiyang Yizhen, as General of the Pacified West and Governor of Yong and Qin, to hold Chang'an. Zhen'e kept his rank as Pacified West staff officer and Administrator of Fengyi, charged with the defense of the region. The western barbarian Tufa Rutan was then at his height; for generations the Yao had raided the northern frontier, shattering armies and killing generals again and again. Once the emperor reached Chang'an, Rutan was too afraid to stir. When the main army marched east, he invaded Beidi. Yizhen sent the Central Army staff officer Shen Tianzi to hold him off. The enemy force was overwhelming; Tianzi held Liu Hui's fort and sent a messenger back to Zhen'e. Zhen'e, speaking to Tianzi's messenger before the chief clerk Wang Xiu, said, "We were entrusted with a ten-year-old lord—we should each give our utmost, yet you sit on your troops and will not advance; how are the barbarians ever to be beaten?" When the messenger returned and repeated Zhen'e's words, Tianzi, who had long been at odds with him, was further enraged. The two had long plotted against each other and constantly watched and distrusted one another. Zhen'e led his army into Beidi and was killed by Tianzi—the affair is recorded in the Prefatory Biographies. He was forty-six years old. Tianzi also slaughtered within Zhen'e's camp his elder brother Ji, his brothers Hong, Zun, and Yuan, and his cousins Zhao, Lang, and Hong—seven men in all. This was the fifteenth day of the first month of the fourteenth year (418).

高祖表曰：「故安西司馬、征虜將軍王鎮惡，志節亮直，機略明舉。自策名州府，屢著誠績。荊南遘釁，勢據上流，難興強藩，憂兼內侮。鎮惡輕舟先邁，神兵電臨，旰食之虞，一朝霧散。及王師西伐，有事中原，長驅洛陽，肅清湖、陝。入渭之捷，指麾無前，遂廓定咸陽，俘執偽后，克成之效，莫與為疇，實捍城所寄，國之方召也。近北虜游魂，寇掠渭北，統率眾軍，曜威撲討。賊既還奔，還次涇上，故龍驤將軍沈田子忽發狂易，奄加刃害，忠勳未究，受禍不圖，痛惜兼至，惋悼無已，伏惟聖懷，為之傷惻。田子狂悖，即已備憲。鎮惡誠著艱難，勳參前烈，殊績未酬，宜蒙追寵，願敕有司議其褒贈。」於是追贈左將軍、青州刺史。高祖受命，追封龍陽縣侯，食邑千五百戶，諡曰壯侯。配食高祖廟廷。

The emperor submitted a memorial: "The late Pacified West staff officer and General Who Campaigns Against Barbarians Wang Zhen'e was upright in will and integrity, clear and outstanding in stratagem. From his first appointment in provincial service he repeatedly proved his loyal merit. When rebellion broke out in southern Jing, the enemy held the upper Yangzi; a powerful frontier lord had risen, and internal strife compounded the danger. Zhen'e led the light boats ahead; his troops struck like lightning; the court's sleepless anxiety vanished in a morning. When the imperial army marched west against the central plains, it swept to Luoyang and cleared Hu and Shan. His triumph on the Wei was unmatched in command; he secured Xianyang and took the false empress captive. No one rivaled his achievement—he was the bulwark the realm relied upon, a Fang Shu or Zhao Gong of his age. Lately the northern barbarians had raided north of the Wei; he led the armies, showed his might, and drove them down. The enemy having fled, he returned and camped on the Jing; the former Dragon Soaring General Shen Tianzi suddenly went mad and struck him down—his loyal service unfinished, his end unforeseen. Grief and regret are boundless; we bow before Your Majesty's compassion, wounded to the heart. Tianzi's madness and treason have already been punished by law. Zhen'e proved his loyalty through hardship; his merit equals the worthies of old; his supreme service went unrewarded—he should receive posthumous honors. I ask the responsible offices to deliberate his encomium and gifts." He was posthumously made Left General and Governor of Qingzhou. When the emperor received the Mandate, Zhen'e was posthumously enfeoffed as Marquis of Longyang with a fief of fifteen hundred households and given the posthumous title Marquis Zhuang (the Valiant). He was granted a place in the offerings at the emperor's ancestral temple.

子靈福嗣，位至南平王鑠右軍諮議參軍。靈福卒，子述祖嗣。述祖卒，子睿嗣。齊受禪，國除。

His son Lingfu succeeded him and rose to be Right Army Advising Staff Officer to the Prince of Nanping Shuo. When Lingfu died, his son Shuzu succeeded. When Shuzu died, his son Rui succeeded. When Qi received the abdication, the marquisate was abolished.

鎮惡弟康，留關中，及高祖北伐，鎮惡為前鋒，康逃匿田舍。鎮惡次潼關，康將家奔之，高祖板為彭城公前將軍行參軍。鎮惡被害，康逃藏得免，攜家出洛陽，到彭城，歸高祖。即以康為相國行參軍。求還洛陽視母，尋值關、陝不守，康與長安徙民張旰醜、劉雲等唱集義徒，得百許人，驅率邑郭僑戶七百餘家，共保金墉城，為守戰之備。時有一人邵平，率部曲及并州乞活一千餘戶屯城南，迎亡命司馬文榮為主。又有亡命司馬道恭自東垣率三千人屯城西，亡命司馬順明五千人屯陵雲臺。順明遣刺殺文榮，平復推順明為主。又有司馬楚之屯柏谷塢，索虜野阪戍主黑弰公遊騎在芒上，攻逼交至，康堅守六旬。

Zhen'e's younger brother Kang had stayed in Guanzhong; when the emperor marched north and Zhen'e led the vanguard, Kang hid in a farmhouse. When Zhen'e reached Tong Pass, Kang brought his family to join him; the emperor appointed him acting staff officer to the Forward General of the Duke of Pengcheng. When Zhen'e was killed, Kang fled and survived; he brought his family from Luoyang to Pengcheng and rejoined the emperor. He was at once made acting staff officer to the Chancellor of State. He asked leave to return to Luoyang to see his mother; soon Tong Pass and Shan were lost. Kang, with displaced Chang'an men Zhang Gan'chou and Liu Yun, rallied a band of some hundred loyalists and led more than seven hundred refugee households to hold Jinyong city and prepare its defense. One Shao Ping then led his followers and more than a thousand Bingzhou refugee households to camp south of the city, installing the fugitive Sima Wenrong as their leader. The fugitive Sima Daogong led three thousand men from Dongyuan to camp west of the city; the fugitive Sima Shunming five thousand at Lingyun Terrace. Shunming had Wenrong assassinated; Ping then installed Shunming as leader in his place. Sima Chuzhi held Boggu stockade; Suo cavalry under the frontier commander Hei Shao raided on Mang Hill; assaults came one after another, and Kang held out for sixty days.

檀韶，字令孫，高平金鄉人也，世居京口。初辟本州從事，西曹主簿，輔國司馬。高祖建義，韶及弟祗、道濟等從平京城，行參高祖建武將軍事。都邑既平，為鎮軍參軍，加寧遠將軍、東海太守，進號建武將軍，遷龍驤將軍、秦郡太守，北陳留內史。以平桓玄功，封巴丘縣侯，食邑五百戶；復參車騎將軍事，加龍驤將軍，遷驍騎將軍，中軍諮議參軍，加寧朔將軍。

Tan Shao, styled Lingsun, was a native of Jinxiang in Gaoping; his family had long lived at Jingkou. He was first summoned as Attending Clerk of his native province, Western Section Chief Clerk, and Pacification State Major. When the emperor raised his banner, Shao and his brothers Zhi and Daoji followed him in pacifying the capital and served on his staff as General Who Establishes Martial Might. After the capital was secured he became staff officer to the Pacification Army, was made General Who Pacifies the Distant and Administrator of Donghai, then General Who Establishes Martial Might, then Dragon Soaring General, Administrator of Qin, and Interior Minister of Northern Chenliu. For his role in overthrowing Huan Xuan he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Baqiu with five hundred households; he again served on the Cavalry General's staff, was made Dragon Soaring General, then Valiant Cavalry General, Advising Staff Officer of the Central Army, and General Who Pacifies the North.

從征廣固，率向彌、胡藩等五十人攻臨朐城，克之。及圍廣固，慕容超夜燒樓，當韶圍分，降號橫野將軍。城陷之日，韶率所領先登，領北琅邪太守，進號寧朔將軍、琅邪內史。從討盧循於左里，又有戰功，並論廣固功，更封宜陽縣侯，食邑七百戶，降先封一等為伯，減戶之半二百五十戶，賜祗子臻。坐六門內乘輿，白衣領職。義熙七年，號輔國將軍。八年，丁母憂，起為冠軍將軍。明年，復為琅邪內史，淮南太守，將軍如故。鎮姑孰。尋進號左將軍，領本州大中正。十二年，遷督江州、豫州之西陽、新蔡二郡諸軍事、江州刺史，將軍如故。有罪，免官。

On the Guanggu campaign he led Xiang Mi, Hu Fan, and fifty men to storm Linqu and took it. During the siege of Guanggu, Murong Chao burned the towers by night opposite Shao's sector; Chao surrendered with the title General of the Wild Expanse. On the day the city fell Shao's men were first over the wall; he was made Administrator of Northern Langye, then General Who Pacifies the North and Interior Minister of Langye. In the campaign against Lu Xun at Zuoli he won further distinction; counting his Guanggu service together, he was re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Yiyang with seven hundred households, his old marquisate reduced to a barony of two hundred fifty, and Zhi's son Zhen was granted a share. He was punished for riding the imperial carriage within the Six Gates and retained his post only in plain dress. In the seventh year of Yixi (411) he was made Pacification State General. In the eighth year he mourned his mother and was recalled from mourning as Champion General. The following year he resumed as Interior Minister of Langye and Administrator of Huainan, keeping his general's rank. He garrisoned Gushu. Soon he was promoted to Left General and made Grand Rectifier of his native province. In the twelfth year he was made overseer of military affairs for Jiangzhou and the Xiyang and Xincai districts of Yuzhou, and Governor of Jiangzhou, retaining his general's rank. He was found guilty of an offense and dismissed.

高祖受命，以佐命功，增八百戶，並前千五百戶。韶嗜酒貪橫，所蒞無績，上嘉其合門從義，弟道濟又有大功，故特見寵授。永初二年，卒於京邑，時年五十六。追贈安南將軍，加散騎常侍。子緒嗣。緒卒，無子，國除。祗子臻。臻卒，子遐嗣，齊受禪，國除。祗、弟道濟並別有傳。

When the emperor received the Mandate, his fief was increased by eight hundred households for his founding merit, bringing the total to fifteen hundred. Shao was a drunkard, greedy and overbearing, and achieved nothing in office; yet the emperor valued his clan's loyalty from the founding days, and his brother Daoji's great merit, and so favored him with special appointments. In the second year of Yongchu (421) he died in the capital at the age of fifty-six. He was posthumously made General Who Pacifies the South and Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. His son Xu succeeded. When Xu died without heirs, the marquisate was abolished. Zhi's son Zhen [held the reduced fief]. When Zhen died, his son Xia succeeded; when Qi received the abdication, the line ended. Zhi and his younger brother Daoji are each treated in separate biographies.

向靖，字奉仁，小字彌，河內山陽人也。名與高祖祖諱同，改稱小字。世居京口，與高祖少舊。從平京城，參建武軍事。進平京邑，板參鎮軍軍事，加寧遠將軍。京邑雖平，而群寇互起，彌與劉藩、孟龍符征破桓歆、桓石康、石綏於白茅，攻壽陽克之。義熙三年，遷建武將軍、秦郡太守，北陳留內史，戍堂邑。以平京城功，封山陽縣五等侯。從征鮮卑，大戰於臨朐，累月不決。彌與檀韶等分軍自間道攻臨朐城。彌擐甲先登，即時潰陷，斬其牙旗，賊遂奔走。攻拔廣固，彌又先登。盧循屯據蔡洲，以親黨阮賜為豫州刺史，攻逼姑孰。彌率譙國內史趙恢討之。時輔國將軍毛脩之戍姑孰，告急續至，彌兼行進討，破賜，收其輜重。除中軍諮議參軍，將軍如故。盧循退走，高祖南征，彌為前鋒，於南陵、雷池、左里三戰，並大捷。軍還，除太尉諮議參軍、下邳太守，將軍如故。

Xiang Jing, styled Fengren and known familiarly as Mi, was a native of Shanyang in Henei. His given name matched the emperor's grandfather's taboo, so he was addressed by his pet name. His family had long lived at Jingkou; he had known the emperor since youth. He followed the pacification of the capital and served on the staff of the General Who Establishes Martial Might. In the advance to secure the capital he was appointed staff officer to the Pacification Army and made General Who Pacifies the Distant. Though the capital was secure, rebels rose on every side; Mi, with Liu Fan and Meng Longfu, defeated Huan Xin, Huan Shikang, and Shi Sui at Baimao and stormed Shouyang. In the third year of Yixi (407) he was made General Who Establishes Martial Might, Administrator of Qin, Interior Minister of Northern Chenliu, and garrisoned Tangyi. For his role in securing the capital he was enfeoffed as Fifth-Rank Marquis of Shanyang. On the campaign against the Xianbei a great battle at Linqu dragged on for months without decision. Mi, with Tan Shao and others, detached a force by a side road and stormed Linqu. Mi armored himself and was first over the wall; the defenses collapsed instantly; he cut down the command pennant and the enemy fled. When Guanggu was taken, Mi was again first over the wall. Lu Xun held Cai Isle, made his ally Ruan Ci Governor of Yuzhou, and pressed the attack on Gushu. Mi led the Interior Minister of Qiao Zhao Hui against him. Pacification State General Mao Xiuzhi was garrisoned at Gushu; urgent dispatches kept arriving; Mi pressed the attack, routed Ci, and seized his baggage train. He was made Advising Staff Officer of the Central Army, retaining his general's rank. When Lu Xun retreated, the emperor marched south with Mi as vanguard; at Nanling, Leichi, and Zuoli he won three great victories. After the campaign he was made Advising Staff Officer to the Grand Marshal and Administrator of Xiapi, keeping his general's rank.

八年，轉游擊將軍，尋督馬頭、淮西諸郡軍事、龍驤將軍、鎮蠻護軍、安豐、汝陰二郡太守、梁國內史，戍壽陽。以平廣固、盧循功，封安南縣男，食邑五百戶。十年，遷冠軍將軍、高陽內史，臨淮太守，領石頭戍事。高祖西伐司馬休之，以彌為吳興太守，將軍如故。明年，高祖北伐，彌以本號侍從，留戍確磝，進屯石門、柏谷。遷督北青州諸軍事、北青州刺史，將軍如故。高祖受命，以佐命功，封曲江縣侯，食邑千戶。遷太子左衛率，加散騎常侍。二年，卒官，時年五十九。追贈前將軍。彌治身儉約，不營室宇，無園田商貨之業，時人稱之。

In the eighth year he became General of Mobile Warfare, then overseer of military affairs for Matou and Huaixi, Dragon Soaring General, General Who Guards the Barbarians, Administrator of Anfeng and Yuyin, Interior Minister of Liang, garrisoned at Shouyang. For pacifying Guanggu and Lu Xun he was enfeoffed as Baron of Annan with five hundred households. In the tenth year he was made Champion General, Interior Minister of Gaoyang, Administrator of Linhuai, and commander of the Stone City garrison. On the western campaign against Sima Xiuzhi, Mi was made Administrator of Wuxing, retaining his general's rank. The following year, on the northern campaign, Mi attended in his present rank, garrisoned Que'ao, and advanced to camp at Shimen and Boggu. He was made overseer of military affairs for Northern Qingzhou and Governor of Northern Qingzhou, keeping his general's rank. When the emperor received the Mandate, he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Qujiang with one thousand households for his founding merit. He was made Left Commandant of the Crown Prince's Guard and Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. In the second year of Yongchu he died in office at the age of fifty-nine. He was posthumously made Forward General. Mi lived frugally, built no mansions, and engaged in no landholding or trade—the age praised him for it.

子植嗣，多過失，不受母訓，奪爵。更以植次弟楨紹封，又坐何殺人，國除。植弟柳，字玄季，有學義才能，立身方雅，無所推先，諸盛流並容之。太尉袁淑、司空徐湛之、東揚州刺史顏竣皆與友善。歷始興王濬征北中兵參軍，始興內史，南康相。臧質為逆，召柳至尋陽，與之俱下。質敗歸降，下獄死。

His son Zhi succeeded but committed many faults, defied his mother's teaching, and lost the title. Zhi's younger brother Zhen then inherited the title; he too was punished for killing a man named He, and the marquisate was abolished. Zhi's younger brother Liu, styled Xuanji, was learned, principled, and talented; upright and refined in conduct, he deferred to no one in precedence, yet all the leading circles of the age welcomed him. Grand Marshal Yuan Shu, Minister of Works Xu Fanzhi, and Governor of Eastern Yangzhou Yan Jun were all his friends. He served as Central Army staff officer to the Prince of Shixing Jun, then Interior Minister of Shixing, then Chancellor of Nankang. When Zang Zhi rebelled he summoned Liu to Xunyang and marched downstream with him. When Zhi was defeated Liu surrendered; he was imprisoned and executed.

彌弟劭，永初中，為宣城太守。劭弟子亮，以私忿殺彌妻施氏，託云奴客所殺，劭輒於墓所殺亮及彌妾並奴婢七八人，匿不聞官，為有司所奏，詔無所問。元嘉初，卒於義興太守。

Mi's younger brother Shao served as Administrator of Xuancheng in the early Yongchu era. Shao's nephew Liang killed Mi's wife Lady Shi in a private grudge and blamed a slave; Shao then killed Liang at the tomb, along with Mi's concubines and seven or eight servants, and concealed the matter. When officials reported it, an edict ordered no further inquiry. At the start of Yuanjia he died in office as Administrator of Yixing.

劉懷慎，彭城人，左將軍懷肅弟也。少謹慎質直。始參高祖鎮軍將軍事，振威將軍、彭城內史。從征鮮卑，每戰必身先士卒，及克廣固，懷慎率所領先登。從高祖距盧循於石頭，屢戰克捷，加輔國將軍。義熙八年，以本號監北徐州諸軍事，鎮彭城，尋加徐州刺史。為政嚴猛，境內震肅。九年，亡命王靈秀為寇，討平之。十一年，進北中郎將。以平廣固、盧循功，封南城縣男，食邑五百戶。十三年，高祖北伐，以為中領軍、征虜將軍，衛輦轂。坐府中相殺，免官。雖名位轉優，而恭恪愈至，每所之造位任不逾己者，皆束帶門外下車，其謹退類如此。

Liu Huaishen was from Pengcheng, younger brother of the Left General Liu Huaisu. From youth he was cautious, earnest, and plainspoken. He first served on the emperor's Pacification Army staff as General Who Quells Martial Foes and Interior Minister of Pengcheng. On the Xianbei campaign he always led from the front; when Guanggu fell, Huaishen's men were first over the wall. He fought Lu Xun at Stone City under the emperor, won repeated victories, and was made Pacification State General. In the eighth year of Yixi (412) he oversaw military affairs for Northern Xuzhou and garrisoned Pengcheng, soon becoming Governor of Xuzhou. His rule was stern and fierce; the whole region was awed into order. In the ninth year he suppressed the outlaw Wang Lingxiu. In the eleventh year he was promoted to Northern Central Army Commander. For pacifying Guanggu and Lu Xun he was enfeoffed as Baron of Nancheng with five hundred households. In the thirteenth year, on the northern campaign, he was made Central Army Commander and General Who Campaigns Against Barbarians, guarding the imperial train. He was dismissed after a killing within his headquarters. Though his rank rose ever higher, his deference only deepened: whenever he called on someone of equal or lower station, he would belt himself outside the gate and dismount from his carriage—such was his habitual modesty.

子德願嗣。世祖大明初，為游擊將軍，領石頭戍事。坐受賈客韓佛智貨，下獄，奪爵土。後復為秦郡太守。德願性粗率，為世祖所狎侮。上寵姬殷貴妃薨，葬畢，數與群臣至殷墓。謂德願曰：「卿哭貴妃若悲，當加厚賞。」德願應聲便號慟，撫膺擗踴，涕泗交流。上甚悅，以為豫州刺史。又令醫術人羊志哭殷氏，志亦嗚咽。他日有問志：「卿那得此副急淚？」志時新喪愛姬，答曰：「我爾日自哭亡妾耳。」志滑稽，善為諧謔，上亦愛狎之。德願善御車，嘗立兩柱，使其中劣通車軸，乃於百餘步上振轡長驅，未至數尺，打牛奔從柱間直過，其精如此。世祖聞其能，為之乘畫輪車，幸太宰江夏王義恭第。德願岸著籠冠，短朱衣，執轡進止，甚有容狀。永光中，為廷尉，與柳元景厚善。元景敗，下獄誅。

His son Deyuan succeeded him. Early in the Daming era he was General of Mobile Warfare and commander of the Stone City garrison. He was imprisoned and stripped of title and fief for accepting bribes from the merchant Han Fozhi. He was later restored as Administrator of Qin. Deyuan was coarse and blunt by nature, and the emperor treated him as a familiar butt of jokes. After the burial of his favored consort Noble Consort Yin, the emperor often took his ministers to her tomb. He told Deyuan, "If you weep for the noble consort with real grief, you shall have a rich reward." Deyuan instantly burst into wailing lament, beating his breast and stamping his feet, tears streaming down his face. The emperor was delighted and made him Governor of Yuzhou. He also ordered the physician Yang Zhi to weep for Lady Yin, and Zhi sobbed as well. Another day someone asked Zhi, "Where did you get tears on demand like that?" Zhi had just lost a beloved concubine and answered, "That day I was weeping for my own dead concubine." Zhi was witty and skilled at banter, and the emperor favored him as a familiar companion. Deyuan was a master charioteer: he once set two posts barely wider than an axle apart, then from over a hundred paces whipped his team at full gallop and, within feet of the posts, drove the oxen straight through the gap—such was his skill. Hearing of this skill, Emperor Xiaowu rode in a painted carriage driven by him to visit the Grand Tutor, the Prince of Jiangxia Yigong. Deyuan wore a tall official cap and short vermilion coat, managing the reins with stately poise. In the Yongguang era he was Minister of Justice and a close friend of Liu Yuanjing. When Yuanjing fell, he was imprisoned and executed.

懷慎庶長子榮祖，少好騎射，為高帝所知。及盧循攻逼，時賊乘小艦，入淮拔柵。武帝宣令三軍，不得輒射賊。榮祖不勝憤怒，冒禁射之，所中應弦而倒，帝益奇焉。以戰功參太尉軍事。從討司馬休之，彭城內史徐逵之敗沒，諸將意沮，榮祖請戰愈厲，高祖乃解所著鎧以授之。榮祖率所領陷陣，身被數創，會賊破走。加振威將軍，尋參世子征虜軍事，領遂成令。高祖北伐，轉鎮西中兵參軍，寧遠將軍。水軍入河，與朱超石大破索虜於半城，又攻劉度壘克之。高祖大饗戰士，謂榮祖曰：「卿以寡克眾，攻無堅城，雖古名將，何以過此。」轉為太尉中兵參軍，加建威將軍。既破長安，姚泓女婿徐眾率其餘眾連營叛走，榮祖與檀道濟等攻營破之，斬首擒馘，不可稱計。十四年，除彭城內史，又補相國參軍。其年，遣榮祖還都，為世子中兵參軍。

Huaishen's eldest son by a concubine, Rongzu, loved riding and archery from youth and came to Emperor Gao's notice. During Lu Xun's assault, the rebels used small boats to enter the Huai and tear up the palisades. Emperor Wu ordered the three armies not to shoot at the enemy without permission. Rongzu, unable to contain his rage, defied the order and shot; every arrow found its mark, and the emperor was all the more impressed. For his battle merit he joined the Grand Marshal's staff. On the campaign against Sima Xiuzhi, when Xu Daizhi of Pengcheng was defeated and killed, the generals' spirits sank; Rongzu pressed all the harder for battle, and the emperor took off his own armor and gave it to him. Rongzu led his men in breaking the enemy line, took several wounds himself, and the enemy broke and fled. He was made General Who Quells Martial Foes, then staff officer to the Heir Apparent as General Who Campaigns Against Barbarians, and magistrate of Suicheng. On the northern campaign he became Central Army staff officer of the Pacified West and General Who Pacifies the Distant. The fleet entered the Yellow River; with Zhu Chaoshi he routed the Suo barbarians at Bancheng and stormed Liu Du's stockade. At a great feast for the warriors the emperor told Rongzu, "You beat many with few and took every stronghold you assaulted—even the famous generals of antiquity could hardly match this." He was made Central Army staff officer to the Grand Marshal and General Who Establishes Martial Might. After Chang'an fell, Hong's son-in-law Xu Zhong led the remnant forces in flight; Rongzu, with Tan Daoji and others, stormed their camps and broke them, taking heads and captives beyond count. In the fourteenth year he was made Interior Minister of Pengcheng and staff officer to the Chancellor of State. That year he was sent back to the capital as Central Army staff officer to the Heir Apparent.

懷慎弟懷默，冠軍將軍、江夏內史，太中大夫。懷默子道球，巴東、建平二郡太守。道球弟孫登，武陵內史。孫登子亮，世祖大明中，為武康令。時境內多盜鑄錢，亮掩討無不禽，所殺以千數。太宗泰始初，為巴陵王休若鎮東中兵參軍，北伐南討，功冠諸將，封順陽縣侯，食邑六百戶，歷黃門郎，梁、益二州刺史。在任廉儉，不營財貨，所餘公祿，悉以還官。太宗嘉之，下詔褒美。亮在梁州，忽服食修道，欲致長生。迎武當山道士孫道胤，令合仙藥。至益州，泰豫元年藥始成，而未出火毒。孫不聽亮服，亮苦欲服，平旦開城門取井華水服，至食鼓後，心動如刺，中間便絕。後人逢見，乘白馬，將數十人，出關西行，共語分明，此乃道家所謂尸解者也。追贈冠軍將軍，諡曰剛侯。

Huaishen's younger brother Huaimo was Champion General, Interior Minister of Jiangxia, and Grand Master of the Palace. Huaimo's son Daoqiu was Administrator of Badong and Jianping. Daoqiu's younger brother Sundeng was Interior Minister of Wuling. Sundeng's son Liang served as magistrate of Wukang in the Daming era. Counterfeit coiners were rife in his district; Liang's secret raids captured every one, and he executed thousands. Early in Taishi he served as Central Army staff officer to the Prince of Baling Xiuruo; on northern and southern campaigns his merit topped all generals; he was enfeoffed as Marquis of Shunyang with six hundred households, became Attendant at the Yellow Gate, and Governor of Liang and Yi. In office he was incorrupt and frugal, amassed no wealth, and returned all surplus salary to the treasury. Emperor Ming praised this conduct and issued an edict of commendation. In Liangzhou Liang suddenly took up alchemy and Daoist cultivation, seeking immortality. He brought in the Wudang Daoist Sun Daoyin to compound an elixir of immortality. Reaching Yizhou in the first year of Taiyu, the elixir was ready but still carried its toxic heat. Sun forbade him to take it, but Liang insisted; at dawn he drew fresh well water and swallowed the dose; by the meal drum his heart stabbed with pain and he died. Later men claimed to meet him riding a white horse with several dozen followers, passing west through the pass and speaking clearly—what Daoists call corpse liberation. He was posthumously made Champion General with the posthumous title Marquis Gang (the Firm).

孫登弟道隆，元嘉二十二年，為廬江太守。世祖舉義，棄郡來奔，以補南中郎參軍事，加龍驤將軍。時世祖分麾下以為三幢，道隆與中兵參軍王謙之、馬文恭各領其一。大明中，歷黃門侍郎，徐、青、冀三州刺史。前廢帝景和中，以為右衛將軍，永昌縣侯，食邑五百戶，委以腹心之任。泰始初，為太守盡力，遷左衛將軍，中護軍。尋賜死，事在建安王休仁傳。

Sundeng's younger brother Daolong was Administrator of Lujiang in the twenty-second year of Yuanjia. When Emperor Xiaowu raised his banner, Daolong abandoned his post and joined him, was made staff officer to the Southern Central Army Commander, and Dragon Soaring General. The emperor divided his personal guard into three banners; Daolong, Wang Qianzhi, and Ma Wengong each commanded one. In the Daming era he served as Attendant at the Yellow Gate and Governor of Xu, Qing, and Ji in turn. Under the Deposed Former Emperor in the Jinghe era he was made Right Guard General and Marquis of Yongchang with five hundred households, entrusted with the emperor's innermost confidence. Early in Taishi he served his posts with full loyalty, was made Left Guard General and Central Army Protector. He was soon ordered to take his own life—the affair is recorded in the biography of the Prince of Jian'an Xiuren.

王謙之，字休光，琅邪臨沂人，晉司州刺史胡之曾孫也。世祖初，歷驍騎將軍，御史中丞，吳興太守。以南下之功，封石陽縣子，食邑五百戶。大明三年卒，贈前將軍，諡曰肅。子應之嗣。大明末，為衡陽內史。晉安王子勛反，應之起義拒湘州行事何慧文，為慧文所殺，事在《鄧琬傳》，追贈侍中。應之弟雲之，順帝昇明中貴達。

Wang Qianzhi, styled Xiuguang, was from Linyi in Langye, great-great-grandson of the Jin Governor of Sizhou Wang Hu Zhi. Early in Emperor Xiaowu's reign he served as Valiant Cavalry General, Imperial Censor, and Administrator of Wuxing. For his merit in the southern advance he was enfeoffed as Viscount of Shiyang with five hundred households. He died in the third year of Daming, was posthumously made Forward General, and given the posthumous title Su (the Stern). His son Yingzhi succeeded him. Late in the Daming era he served as Interior Minister of Hengyang. When the Prince of Jin'an Zixun rebelled, Yingzhi rose in loyal resistance against Xiangzhou's acting commissioner He Huiwen and was killed by him—the affair is recorded in the Biography of Deng Wan; he was posthumously made Palace Attendant. Yingzhi's younger brother Yunzhi rose to high favor in the Shengming era under Emperor Shun.

馬文恭，扶風人也。亦以功封泉陵縣子，食邑五百戶。世祖即位，為游擊將軍。頃之，卒。

Ma Wengong was a native of Fufeng. He too was enfeoffed as Viscount of Quanling with five hundred households for his merit. When Emperor Xiaowu took the throne he was made General of Mobile Warfare. He died soon after.

劉粹，字道沖，沛郡蕭人也。祖恢，持節、監河中軍事，征虜將軍。粹家在京口。少有志幹，初為州從事。高祖克京城，參建武軍事。從平京邑，轉參鎮軍事，尋加建武將軍、沛郡太守；又領下邳太守，復為車騎中軍參軍。從征廣固，戰功居多。以建義功，封西安縣五等侯。軍還，轉中軍諮議參軍。盧循逼京邑，京口任重，太祖時年四歲，高祖使粹奉太祖鎮京城。轉游擊將軍。遷建威將軍、江夏相。

Liu Cui, styled Daochong, was a native of Xiao in Pei commandery. His grandfather Liu Hui had held the staff of authority, overseen central army affairs on the Yellow River, and served as General Who Campaigns Against Barbarians. The Cui family lived at Jingkou. From youth he showed resolve and ability; he began as a provincial Attending Clerk. When the emperor seized the capital he joined the staff of the General Who Establishes Martial Might. After the capital was secured he became staff officer to the Pacification Army, then General Who Establishes Martial Might and Administrator of Pei; he also held Xiapi, then served again as Central Army staff officer to the Cavalry General. On the Guanggu campaign his battle merit was among the foremost. For his founding merit he was enfeoffed as Fifth-Rank Marquis of Xi'an. After the campaign he was made Advising Staff Officer of the Central Army. When Lu Xun threatened the capital, Jingkou's role was critical; the future Founding Emperor was only four, and the emperor entrusted Cui to guard him at the capital. He was made General of Mobile Warfare. He was made General Who Establishes Martial Might and Chancellor of Jiangxia.

衛將軍毅，粹族兄也，粹盡心高祖，不與毅同。高祖欲謀毅，眾並疑粹在夏口，高祖愈信之。及大軍至，粹竭其誠力。事平，封灄陽縣男，食邑五百戶。母憂去職。俄而高祖討司馬休之，起粹為寧朔將軍、竟陵太守，統水軍入河。明年，進號輔國將軍，遷相國右司馬、侍中、中軍司馬、冠軍將軍，遷左衛將軍。永初元年，以佐命功，改封建安縣侯，食邑千戶。二年，以役使監吏，免官。尋督江北淮南郡事、征虜將軍、廣陵太守。三年，以本號督豫、司、雍、并四州、南豫州之梁郡、弋陽、馬頭三郡諸軍事、豫州刺史，領梁郡太守，鎮壽陽，治有政績。少帝景平二年，譙郡流離六十餘家叛沒虜，趙炅、秦剛等六家悔倍，還投陳留襄邑縣，頓謀等村，粹遣將苑縱夫討叛戶不及，因誅殺謀等三十家，男丁一百三十七人，女弱一百六十二口，收付作部。粹坐貶號為寧朔將軍。時索虜南寇，粹遣將軍李德元襲許昌，殺偽潁川太守庾龍，於是陳留人董邈自稱小黃盟主，斬偽征虜將軍、廣州刺史司馬世賢，傳首京都。

The Guard General Liu Yi was Cui's elder clansman; Cui gave his loyalty to the emperor and would not join Yi. When the emperor plotted against Yi, many suspected Cui at Xiakou, yet the emperor trusted him all the more. When the main army arrived, Cui gave his utmost loyal service. After the affair was settled he was enfeoffed as Baron of Fanyang with five hundred households. He left office to mourn his mother. Soon, on the campaign against Sima Xiuzhi, Cui was recalled as General Who Pacifies the North and Administrator of Jingling, leading the fleet into the Yellow River. The following year he was promoted to Pacification State General, then Right Major to the Chancellor of State, Palace Attendant, Central Army Major, Champion General, and Left Guard General. In the first year of Yongchu he was re-enfeoffed as Marquis of Jian'an with one thousand households for his founding merit. In the second year he was dismissed for misusing supervisory clerks as forced labor. He soon oversaw Jiangbei and Huainan, became General Who Campaigns Against Barbarians, and Administrator of Guangling. In the third year he oversaw military affairs for Yu, Si, Yong, and Bing and the Liang, Yiyang, and Matou districts of Southern Yu; he was Governor of Yu and Administrator of Liang, garrisoned Shouyang, and governed with distinction. In the second year of Jingping, more than sixty refugee households of Qiao rebelled and went over to the barbarians; six households including Zhao Jiong and Qin Gang repented and fled back to Xiangyi in Chenliu. Cui sent Yuan Zongfu after the rebels but arrived too late, and instead executed thirty households at Dunmou's village—137 men and 162 women and children—and consigned them to forced labor. Cui was demoted to General Who Pacifies the North for the offense. When the Suo barbarians raided south, Cui sent Li Deyuan to strike Xuchang and kill the rebel Administrator of Yingchuan Yu Long; Dong Miao of Chenliu then styled himself alliance leader of Xiaohuang, beheaded the rebel General Who Campaigns Against Barbarians and Governor of Guangzhou Sima Shixian, and sent the head to the capital.

曠之嗣，官至晉熙太守。曠之卒，子琛嗣。琛卒，無子，國除。琛弟亮，順帝昇明末，尚書駕部郎。粹庶長子懷之，為臨川內史，與臧質同逆，伏誅。

His son Kuangzhi succeeded him and rose to Administrator of Jinxi. When Kuangzhi died, his son Chen succeeded. When Chen died without heirs, the marquisate was abolished. Chen's younger brother Liang served as Secretary of the Imperial Carriage Section at the end of the Shengming era. Cui's eldest son by a concubine, Huaizhi, was Interior Minister of Linchuan; he joined Zang Zhi's rebellion and was executed.

粹弟道濟，尚書起部郎，王弘車騎從事中郎，江夏王義恭撫軍司馬，河東太守，仍遷振武將軍、益州刺史。長史費謙、別駕張熙、參軍楊德年等，並聚斂興利，而道濟委任之，傷政害民，民皆怨毒。太祖聞之，與道濟詔，戒之曰：「聞卿在任，未盡清省，又頗為殖貨，若萬一有此，必宜改之。比傳人情不甚緝諧，當以法御下，深思自警，以副本望。」道濟雖奉此旨，政化如初。

Cui's younger brother Daoji served as Secretary of the Establishment Section, staff officer to Wang Hong's Cavalry General, Pacification Army Major to the Prince of Jiangxia Yigong, and Administrator of Hedong, then became General Who Quells Martial Foes and Governor of Yi. Chief Clerk Fei Qian, Administrative Aide Zhang Xi, staff officer Yang Denian, and others all extorted and profiteered, yet Daoji entrusted them—his rule harmed the people, and resentment ran deep. The Founding Emperor heard of this and sent Daoji an edict of warning: "I hear that in your post you have not been fully upright and frugal, and have pursued profit—if this is so, you must reform at once. Reports say relations below you are troubled—you must govern your subordinates by law, reflect deeply, and live up to what I expect of you." Daoji received the edict but governed as before.

有司馬飛龍者，自稱晉之宗室，晉末走仇池。元嘉九年，聞道濟綏撫失和，遂自仇池入綿竹，崩動群小，得千餘人，破巴興縣，殺令王貞之。進攻陰平，陰平太守沈法興焚城遁走。道濟遣軍擊飛龍，斬之。初，道濟以五城人帛氐奴、梁顯為參軍督護，費謙固執不與。遠方商人多至蜀土資貨，或有直數百萬者，謙等限布絲綿各不得過五十斤，馬無善惡，限蜀錢二萬。府又立冶，一斷民私鼓鑄，而貴賣鐵器，商旅吁嗟，百姓咸欲為亂。氐奴既懷恚忿，因聚黨為盜賊。其年七月，道濟遣羅習為五城令，氐奴等謀曰：「羅令是使君腹心，而卿猶有作賊盜不止者，一旦髮露，則為禍不測。宜結要誓，共相禁檢。」乃殺牛盟誓。俄而氐奴及趙廣等唱曰：「官禁殺牛，而村中公違法禁，脫使羅令白使君，疑吾徒更欲作賊，則無餘類矣。」因詐言司馬殿下猶在陽泉山中，若能共建大事，則功名可立，不然，立滅不久。眾既樂亂，因相率從之，得數千人，復向廣漢。道濟遣參軍程展會、治中李抗之五百人擊之，並為所殺。賊於是徑向涪城，巴西人唐頻聚眾應之，寧遠將軍、巴西、梓潼二郡太守王懷業再遣軍拒之，戰敗失利。懷業及司馬、南漢中太守韋處伯並棄城走。涪陵太守阮惠、江陽太守杜玄起、遂寧太守馮遷聞涪城不守，並委郡出奔。蜀土僑舊，翕然並反。道濟惶懼，乃免吳兵三十六營以為平民，分立宋興、宋寧二郡，又招集商賈及免道俗奴僮，東西勝兵可有四千人。賊眾數萬屯城西及城北，道濟嬰城自守。

One Sima Feilong claimed descent from the Jin imperial house and had fled to Qiuchi at the end of Jin. In the ninth year of Yuanjia, hearing that Daoji's rule had lost the people's trust, he marched from Qiuchi into Mianzhu, rallied more than a thousand followers, stormed Baixing county, and killed Magistrate Wang Zhenzhi. He advanced on Yinping; Administrator Shen Faxing burned the city and fled. Daoji sent troops against Feilong and beheaded him. Earlier Daoji had appointed Bo Dinu and Liang Xian of Wucheng as staff officer supervisors, but Fei Qian stubbornly opposed it. Distant merchants often brought goods to Shu worth millions; Qian and his circle capped cloth and silk at fifty jin each and horses at twenty thousand Shu coins regardless of quality. The prefecture also set up state ironworks, banned private casting, and sold ironware at inflated prices—merchants groaned and the people seethed with rebellion. Dinu, already full of resentment, gathered followers and turned to banditry. That seventh month Daoji sent Luo Xi as magistrate of Wucheng; Dinu and his fellows plotted: "Magistrate Luo is our lord's trusted man, yet you still rob without cease—once exposed, none of us will survive. We should swear an oath and keep one another in check." They slaughtered an ox and swore their pact. Soon Dinu and Zhao Guang cried: "The government forbids cattle slaughter, yet the village head broke the law openly—if Magistrate Luo reports us and the lord suspects we mean to rebel again, not one of us will survive." They falsely claimed a Sima prince still hid on Yangquan Mountain: join a great enterprise and win glory, or be destroyed at once. The people, eager for trouble, followed in thousands and marched again on Guanghan. Daoji sent Cheng Zhanhui and Li Kangzhi with five hundred men against them; both were killed. The rebels pressed on Fucheng; Tang Pin of Baxi rallied supporters; Wang Huaiye, General Who Pacifies the Distant and Administrator of Baxi and Zitong, sent troops twice and was defeated. Huaiye and his major, Wei Chubo, Administrator of Southern Hanzhong, all abandoned their posts and fled. When they heard Fucheng had fallen, the administrators of Fuling, Jiangyang, and Suining all abandoned their posts and fled. The old refugee families of Shu rose as one. Terrified, Daoji disbanded thirty-six Wu garrison camps into civilians, created the commanderies Songxing and Songning, and mustered merchants and freed clerical and lay slaves—he could field some four thousand fighting men. Tens of thousands of rebels encamped west and north of the city; Daoji held the walls.

道濟遣中兵參軍裴方明、任浪之各將千餘人出西門戰，皆失利。十一月，方明等復出戰，破賊營，焚其積聚。賊黨江陽人楊孟子領千餘人，屯城南。道濟參軍梁俊之統南樓，屢與孟子交言，因投書曉以禍福，要使入城。孟子許諾，入見道濟；道濟大喜，即板為主簿，遣子為任，克期討賊。趙廣知其謀，孟子懼，將所領奔晉原。晉原太守文仲興拾合得二千餘人，與孟子并力自固。廣遣同黨袁玄子攻晉原，為仲興所殺。廣又遣帛氐奴攻之，連戰，仲興軍敗，及孟子並死。

Daoji sent Pei Fangming and Ren Langzhi, each with over a thousand men, out the west gate to fight; both were beaten. In the eleventh month Fangming attacked again, broke the rebel camps, and burned their stores. The rebel Yang Mengzi of Jiangyang held over a thousand men south of the city. Daoji's officer Liang Junzhi, commanding the south tower, spoke repeatedly with Mengzi and sent a letter urging him with threats and promises to enter the city. Mengzi agreed and came in to see Daoji; Daoji was delighted, appointed him Chief Clerk, took his son as hostage, and set a date to attack the rebels. Zhao Guang learned of the plot; Mengzi fled with his men to Jinyuan. Wen Zhongxing, Administrator of Jinyuan, rallied more than two thousand men and joined Mengzi in defense. Guang sent Yuan Xuanzi against Jinyuan; Zhongxing killed him. Guang sent Bo Dinu against them; after repeated battles Zhongxing was defeated, and he and Mengzi were killed.

方明復出東門，破賊三營，斬首數百級。賊雖敗，已復還合。方明復偽出北門，仍回軍擊城東大營，殺千餘人，斬偽僕射蔡滔。時天大霧，方明等復揚聲出東門，而潛自北門出攻城北、城西諸營，賊眾大潰，於是奔散。道養收合得七千人還廣漢，趙廣以別卒五千餘人還涪城。

Fangming sallied from the east gate again, broke three rebel camps, and took several hundred heads. Though beaten, the rebels regrouped. Fangming feigned a sortie from the north gate, then wheeled to strike the great camp east of the city, killed over a thousand, and beheaded the rebel Vice Director Cai Tao. A heavy fog fell; Fangming made a noisy demonstration at the east gate while slipping out the north to strike the camps north and west of the city; the rebels broke and fled. Dao Yang rallied seven thousand men and withdrew to Guanghan; Zhao Guang took five thousand separately back to Fucheng.

初，別駕張熙說道濟令糶太倉穀，賊以九月末圍城，至十二月末，廩糧便盡。方明將二千人出城求食，為賊所敗，匹馬獨還。賊因追之，眾復大集。方明夜於城西縋上，道濟為設食，饐不能飡，唯泣涕而已。道濟時有疾已篤，自力慰勉之曰：「卿非大丈夫，小敗何苦。賊勢既衰，臺兵垂至，但令卿還，何憂於賊。」即減左右數十人配之。賊城外云：「方明已死，可來取喪。」城中大恐。道濟夜列炬火，方明自出，眾見之乃安。道濟悉出財物於北射堂，令方明募人。時城中或傳道濟已亡，莫有至者。梁俊之說道濟曰：「將軍氣息綿綿，而外論互有同異。今軍師屢敗，妖寇未殄，若一旦不虞，則危禍立至。宜稱小損，聽左右給使暫出，不然，敗矣。」道濟從之，即喚左右三十餘人告之曰：「吾疾久，汝等扶侍疲勞。今既小損，各聽歸家休息，喚復還。」給使既出，其父兄皆問：「使君亡來幾日？」子弟皆言：「君漸差，誰言亡者！」傳相告語，城內乃安，由是應募者一日千餘人。十年正月，賊眾大至，攻逼成都。道濟卒，梁俊之與方明等，及其故舊門生數人，共埋屍於後齋。使書與道濟相似者為教命，酬答籤疏，不異常日，故雖母、妻，不知也。

Earlier Zhang Xi had urged Daoji to sell grain from the state granary; the rebels besieged the city from late ninth month, and by late twelfth month the stores were gone. Fangming led two thousand men out to forage, was routed, and returned alone on one horse. The rebels pursued him and their forces massed again. Fangming was hauled up the west wall by rope at night; Daoji set food before him, but it was spoiled and he could not eat—he could only weep. Daoji was himself gravely ill; forcing himself upright he said, "Are you no man at all, to grieve over one defeat? The rebels are weakening and imperial troops are near—go back out, and what have you to fear?" He detached several dozen of his own attendants to accompany him. Outside the walls the rebels shouted, "Fangming is dead—come claim his body." Panic seized the city. Daoji lit torches along the walls; Fangming showed himself, and the garrison was reassured. Daoji brought out all his valuables at the North Archery Hall and had Fangming recruit men. Rumors spread that Daoji was dead, and no one came forward. Liang Junzhi urged Daoji: "Your breath grows faint, yet outside the walls rumors fly in every direction. Our strategist has lost again and again, the rebels are not destroyed—if anything should happen to you, disaster will come at once. Claim a slight illness and let your attendants go out among the people for a time—or all is lost." Daoji agreed, summoned thirty attendants, and said, "My illness is long, and your service has worn you out. I am somewhat better now; go home and rest, and I will call you back." Once the servants were out, their kin asked, "How many days has the governor been dead?" They answered, "The lord is recovering—who says he is dead?" Word spread from mouth to mouth; the city calmed, and more than a thousand men enlisted in a single day. In the first month of the tenth year the rebel army descended in force on Chengdu. When Daoji died, Liang Junzhi, Fangming, and several of his old friends and students buried the body in the rear study. They had a man whose hand resembled Daoji's issue orders and answer documents as on any other day, so that even his mother and wife did not know he was dead.

二月，道養於毀金橋升壇郊天，方就柴燎，方明將三千人出擊之。賊列陣營前死戰，日夕乃大敗。臨陣斬偽征虜將軍趙石之等八百餘級，道養等退保廣漢。是月，平西將軍臨川王義慶，以揚武將軍、巴東太守周籍之即本號督巴西、梓潼、宕渠、遂寧、巴郡五郡諸軍事、巴西、梓潼二郡太守，率平西參軍費淡、龍驤將軍羅猛二千人援成都。廣等屯據廣漢，分守郫川，連營百數，處處屯結。籍之與方明及費淡等攻郫，克之。廣等退據郡城，傍竹自固。羅猛率隊主王盱等并力追討。張尋自涪城率眾二萬來助廣等，方明、淡斬竹開逕邀之，戰敗，退還郫縣。廣等又移營屯箭竿橋，方明等破其六營，乘勝追奔，逕至廣漢。廣等走還涪及五城。四月十日，發道濟喪。五月，方明進軍向涪城。張尋、唐頻渡水拒戰，方明擊破之，生擒偽驃騎將軍、雍、秦二州刺史司馬龍伸，斬之。龍伸，道助也。州吏嚴道度斬嚴遐首，廣等並奔散，涪、蜀皆平。俄而張尋攻破陰平，復與道養合。帛氐奴攻廣漢，費淡督將軍种松等與戰，斬其梁州刺史杜承等百餘級。九月，益州刺史甄法崇至成都，誅費謙之，道濟喪及方明等竝東反。道養等領二千餘家逃於郪山，其餘群賊，亦各擁戶藏竄，出為寇盜不絕。

In the second month Dao Yang sacrificed to Heaven at Huijin Bridge; as the fire was kindled, Fangming sallied with three thousand men. The rebels formed battle lines before the camp and fought to the death; by evening they were routed. They took over eight hundred heads in the fight, including the rebel General Who Campaigns Against Barbarians Zhao Shizhi; Dao Yang withdrew to Guanghan. That month the Pacified West General, the Prince of Linchuan Yiqing, sent General Who Quells Martial Foes Zhou Jizhi, now overseer of military affairs for five Ba commanderies and Administrator of Baxi and Zitong, with staff officer Fei Dan and Dragon Soaring General Luo Meng and two thousand men to relieve Chengdu. Guang and his followers held Guanghan, garrisoned Pixian, and set up hundreds of linked camps throughout the region. Jizhi, Fangming, and Fei Dan stormed Pi and took it. Guang withdrew into the commandery seat and fortified himself among bamboo thickets. Luo Meng led company commander Wang Yu and others in pursuit. Zhang Xun marched from Fucheng with twenty thousand men to aid Guang; Fangming and Dan cut paths through the bamboo to intercept him, were beaten, and fell back to Pixian. Guang moved camp to Jiangan Bridge; Fangming broke six of his camps, pursued the victory, and pressed on to Guanghan. Guang fled back to Fu and Wucheng. On the tenth day of the fourth month Daoji's funeral was held. In the fifth month Fangming marched on Fucheng. Zhang Xun and Tang Pin crossed the river to resist; Fangming routed them, captured the rebel Valiant Cavalry General and Governor of Yong and Qin Sima Longshen alive, and beheaded him. Longshen was Dao Zhu. Commandery clerk Yan Daodu beheaded Yan Xia; Guang and the rest scattered; Fu and Shu were pacified. Soon Zhang Xun took Yinping and rejoined Dao Yang. Bo Dinu attacked Guanghan; Fei Dan led generals including Zhong Song against him and took over a hundred heads, including the rebel Governor of Liang Du Cheng. In the ninth month Governor of Yi Zhen Fachong reached Chengdu, executed Fei Qian, and Daoji's funeral cortege with Fangming and the others all returned east. Dao Yang led more than two thousand households into the Qishan hills; other rebel bands hid with their families in the mountains and raided without cease.

十三年六月，太祖遣寧朔將軍蕭汪之統軍討之。軍次郪口，帛氐奴斬偽衛將軍司馬飛燕歸降。汪之擊破道養，道養還入郪山。十四年四月，趙廣、張尋、梁顯各率部曲歸降，偽輔軍將軍王道恩斬道養，送首，餘黨悉平。遷趙廣、張尋等於京師。十六年，廣、尋復與國山令司馬敬琳謀反，伏誅。

In the sixth month of the thirteenth year the Founding Emperor sent General Who Pacifies the North Xiao Wangzhi to campaign against them. At Qikou, Bo Dinu killed the rebel Guard General Sima Feiyan and surrendered. Wangzhi defeated Dao Yang, who retreated into the Qishan hills. In the fourth month of the fourteenth year Zhao Guang, Zhang Xun, and Liang Xian surrendered with their followers; the rebel Pacification Army General Wang Daoen beheaded Dao Yang and sent his head—the remaining rebels were all pacified. Zhao Guang, Zhang Xun, and the others were moved to the capital. In the sixteenth year Guang and Xun plotted again with Magistrate of Guoshan Sima Jinglin and were executed.

先是，道濟振武司馬、蜀郡太守任薈之雖不任軍事，事寧，以為正員郎。裴方明虎賁中郎將，仍為義慶平西中兵參軍、龍驤將軍、河東太守。費淡，太子屯騎校尉。周籍之後為益州刺史。

Earlier, though Ren Huizhi, Daoji's staff major and Administrator of Shu, had held no military role, after the rebellion he was made a regular court gentleman. Pei Fangming was made Tiger Guard Central Army Commander and became Central Army staff officer to Yiqing's Pacified West, Dragon Soaring General, and Administrator of Hedong. Fei Dan was made Commandant of the Crown Prince's Escort Cavalry. Zhou Jizhi later became Governor of Yi.

粹族弟損，字子騫，衛將軍毅從父弟也。父鎮之，字仲德，以毅貴，歷顯位，閒居京口，未嘗應召。常謂毅：「汝必破我家。」毅甚憚之，每還京，未嘗敢以羽儀人從入鎮之門。左光祿大夫徵，不就。元嘉二年，年九十餘，卒於家。損，元嘉中歷職義興太守。東土殘饑，太祖遣揚州治中沈演之東入賑恤，以損綏撫有方，稱為良守。官至吳郡太守，追贈太常。

Cui's clansman Sun, styled Ziqian, was a paternal cousin of the Guard General Liu Yi. His father Zhenzhi, styled Zhongde, rose through eminent posts when Yi gained power, but lived in retirement at Jingkou and never answered a summons. He often told Yi, "You will surely destroy our house." Yi feared him deeply; whenever he returned to the capital he never dared enter Zhenzhi's gate with his full retinue. He was summoned as Left Grand Master of Splendid Happiness but declined. In the second year of Yuanjia he died at home, aged over ninety. Sun served as Administrator of Yixing during the Yuanjia era. When famine ravaged the east, the Founding Emperor sent Yangzhou Chief Clerk Shen Yanzhi to relieve the suffering; Sun's orderly governance won him praise as an excellent administrator. He rose to Administrator of Wu and was posthumously made Minister of Ceremonies.

史臣曰：帝王受命，自非以功靜亂，以德濟民，則其道莫由也。自三代以來，醇風稍薄，成功濟務，尊出權道，雖復負扆南面，比號軒、犧，莫不自謝王風，率由霸德。高祖崛起布衣，非藉民譽，義無曹公英傑之響，又闕晉氏輔魏之基，一旦驅烏合，不崇朝而制國命，功雖有餘，而德未足也。是故王謐以內懼流奔，王綏以外侮成釁，若非樹奇功於難立，震大威於四海，則不能承配天之業，一異同之心。義熙以後，大功仍建，自桓溫旍斾所臨，莫不獻珍受朔。及金墉請吏，元勳將舉，九命之禮既行，代終之符已及。方復觀兵函、渭，用師天險，獨克之舉，振古難稱。若使閉門反政，置兵散地，後敗責其前功，一眚虧其盛業，豈復得以黃屋朱戶，為衰晉之貞臣乎？及其靈威薄震，重關莫守，故知英算所苞，先勝而後戰也。王鎮惡推鋒直指，前無強陳，為宋方叔，壯矣哉！

The historiographer remarks: Emperors receive the Mandate only when merit stills chaos and virtue succors the people—without these there is no path to the throne. Since the Three Dynasties, pure custom has thinned; success and practical achievement have been honored through expedient power—even rulers who sat facing south, styled like the sage-kings, have declined true kingship and ruled by hegemonic virtue. The emperor rose from common cloth without popular renown, lacked Cao Cao's heroic reputation, and lacked the Jin clan's foundation in assisting Wei—yet in a morning he drove a rabble to seize the nation's mandate. His merit was abundant, but his virtue was not yet sufficient. Hence Wang Mi fled in fear, Wang Sui's insults from abroad became the spark—had he not won strange merit where it was hard to win and shaken his majesty across the four seas, he could not have undertaken the enterprise of matching Heaven or unified divided hearts. After Yixi, great merit was still won; wherever Huan Wen's banners went, rulers presented tribute and accepted the new calendar. When Jinyong submitted to imperial officers and the founding ministers moved, the rites of nine bestowals were performed and the tokens of dynastic change had arrived. Then he reviewed troops at Hangu and on the Wei, campaigned through heaven's defiles—a solo conquest unmatched since antiquity. Had he shut the gates, returned power, and scattered his armies, a later defeat would have erased his earlier merit and one fault would have marred his great enterprise—how then could he have kept the imperial canopy as a loyal minister of a dying Jin? When his prestige waned and the great passes could not be held, it proved that true strategic genius wins before the battle is fought. Wang Zhen'e drove his spear straight ahead; no strong enemy line stood before him. He was Song's Fang Shu—how magnificent!

Cite this Chapter