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列傳第八朱齡石 〈弟超石〉 毛脩之傅弘之
Biographies 8: Zhu Lingshi 〈Younger brother Chaoshi〉 Mao Xiuzhi and Fu Hongzhi
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朱齡石
Zhu Lingshi
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朱齡石，字伯兒，沛郡沛人也。 家世將帥。 祖騰，建威將軍、吳國內史。 伯父憲及斌，竝為西中郎袁真將佐，憲為梁國內史，斌為汝南內史。 大司馬桓溫伐真於壽陽，真以憲兄弟與溫潛通，竝殺之。 齡石父綽逃走歸溫，攻戰常居先，不避矢石。 壽陽平，真已死，綽輒發棺戮尸； 溫怒，將斬之，溫弟沖苦請得免。 綽為人忠烈，受沖更生之恩，事沖如父。 參沖車騎軍事、西陽、廣平太守。 及沖薨，綽歐血死。 沖諸子遇齡石如兄弟。
Zhu Lingshi, whose courtesy name was Bo'er, was a native of Pei in Pei commandery. His family had for generations been a line of commanders and generals. His grandfather Teng served as General Who Establishes Might and Interior Minister of Wu. His uncles Xian and Bin both served Yuan Zhen as Western Staff Major's aides—Xian as Interior Minister of Liang and Bin as Interior Minister of Runan. Grand Marshal Huan Wen attacked Yuan Zhen at Shouyang; Zhen discovered that the Xian brothers were secretly in touch with Wen and executed them both. Lingshi's father Chuo defected to Huan Wen and in combat habitually led the charge, heedless of arrows and stones. After Shouyang fell and Zhen was dead, Chuo had the coffin opened and the corpse mutilated; Wen was enraged and meant to behead him, yet Wen's younger brother Huan Chong pleaded bitterly until he was spared. Chuo was a man of fierce loyalty; granted a second life by Chong, he served him with a son's devotion. He joined Chong's Chariots-and-Cavalry headquarters and held the prefectures of Xiyang and Guangping. When Chong passed away, Chuo vomited blood and died with him. Chong's sons treated Lingshi like a brother.
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齡石少好武事，頗輕佻，不治崖檢。 舅淮南蔣氏，人才儜劣，齡石使舅臥於聽事一頭，剪紙方一寸，帖著舅枕，自以刀子懸擲之，相去八九尺，百擲百中。 舅雖危懼戰慄，為畏齡石，終不敢動。 舅頭有大瘤，齡石伺舅眠，密往割之，舅即死。
As a youth he delighted in martial pursuits, was somewhat reckless, and cared little for propriety. His Huainan maternal kin were undistinguished; Lingshi made an uncle lie at one end of the hall, affixed a one-inch paper square to the pillow, and from eight or nine feet away, knife in hand, threw so that he hit the mark every time out of a hundred. The uncle quaked with fear yet, dreading Lingshi, never stirred. When the uncle developed a great lump on his head, Lingshi waited until he slept, stole in and cut it away—and the uncle died on the spot.
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初為殿中將軍，常追隨桓脩兄弟，為脩撫軍參軍。 在京口，高祖克京城，以為建武參軍。 從至江乘，將戰，齡石言於高祖曰：「世受桓氏厚恩，不容以兵刃相向，乞在軍後。」 高祖義而許之。 事定，以為鎮軍參軍，遷武康令，加寧遠將軍。
He first served as a palace guard general, constantly attending Huan Xiu and his brothers, and became a staff officer on Xiu's Pacifying Army. At Jingkou, after Emperor Wu seized the capital, Lingshi was appointed staff officer of Establishing Might. Marching to Jiangcheng on the eve of battle, he told the Gaozu: "My family has long owed the Huan house deep kindness; I cannot face them with weapons. Let me stay behind the line." The Gaozu, approving his loyalty, agreed. When the crisis ended he became staff officer of the Pacifying Army, then magistrate of Wukang with the additional rank of General Who Pacifies the Distant.
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喪亂之後，武康人姚係祖招聚亡命，專為劫盜，所居險阻，郡縣畏憚不能討。 齡石至縣，偽與係祖親厚，召為參軍。 係祖恃其兄弟徒黨強盛，謂齡石必不敢圖己，乃出應召。 齡石潛結腹心，知其居北塗徑，乃要係祖宴會，叱左右斬之。 乃率吏人馳至其家，掩其不備，莫有得舉手者，悉斬係祖兄弟，殺數十人，自是一郡得清。
In the wake of the rebellions, a Wukang man named Yao Xizu rallied outlaws and made a specialty of plunder; his refuge was rugged, and local officials were too afraid to move against him. On taking office Lingshi feigned close friendship with Xizu and invited him to join his staff. Trusting in his brothers' power, Xizu assumed Lingshi would never dare scheme against him and presented himself. Lingshi quietly recruited confidants, learned the trail by which Xizu lived on North Tu Road, then entertained him at a feast and had his guards strike off his head. He raced with officials to the house, took them unawares so none could resist, killed Xizu and his brothers—several dozen in all—and the district was cleared.
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高祖又召為參軍，補徐州主簿，遷尚書都官郎，尋復為參軍。 從征鮮卑，坐事免官。 廣固平，復為參軍。 盧循至石頭，領中軍。 循選敢死之士數千人上南岸，高祖遣齡石領鮮卑步矟，過淮擊之。 率厲將士，皆殊死戰，殺數百人，賊乃退。 齡石既有武幹，又練吏職，高祖甚親委之。 盧循平，以為寧遠將軍、寧蠻護軍、西陽太守。 義熙八年，高祖西伐劉毅，齡石從至江陵。 九年，遣諸軍伐蜀，令齡石為元帥，以為建威將軍、益州刺史，率寧朔將軍臧熹、河間太守蒯恩、下邳太守劉鍾、龍驤將軍朱林等，凡二萬人，發自江陵。 尋加節益州諸軍事。 初，高祖與齡石密謀進取，曰：「劉敬宣往年出黃虎，無功而退。 賊謂我今應從外水往，而料我當出其不意，猶從內水來也。 如此，必以重兵守涪城，以備內道。 若向黃虎，正陊其計。 今以大眾自外水取成都，疑兵出內水，此制敵之奇也。」 而慮此聲先馳，賊審虛實，別有函書，全封付齡石，署函邊曰：「至白帝乃開。」 諸軍雖進，未知處分所由。 至白帝，發書，曰：「眾軍悉從外水取成都，臧熹、朱林於中水取廣漢，使羸弱乘高艦十餘，由內水向黃虎。」 眾軍乃倍道兼行，譙縱果備內水，使其大將譙道福以重兵戍涪城，遣其前將軍、秦州刺史侯輝、尚書僕射、蜀郡太守譙詵等率眾萬餘屯彭模，夾水為城。
The Gaozu recalled him to staff duty, named him chief clerk of Xuzhou, advanced him to Director of the Ministry of Justice's Punishments Section, then soon restored him as a staff officer. He followed the expedition against the Xianbei but was removed from office for a fault. After Guanggu fell he was again made a staff officer. When Lu Xun reached Shitou, Lingshi took command of the Central Army. Xun landed several thousand shock troops on the south bank; the Gaozu dispatched Lingshi with Xianbei foot carrying long spears to cross the Huai and attack. He drove his soldiers to fight to the death, slew hundreds, and the enemy fell back. Skilled in arms and practiced in office work, Lingshi won the Gaozu's deep trust. After Lu Xun's defeat he was appointed General Who Pacifies the Distant, Protector of the Pacified Barbarians, and prefect of Xiyang. In Yixi year 8 the Gaozu marched west against Liu Yi; Lingshi accompanied him to Jiangling. In year 9 he launched the Shu campaign with Lingshi as commander-in-chief: General Who Establishes Might and Inspector of Yizhou, at the head of Zang Xi, Kuai En, Liu Zhong, Zhu Lin, and twenty thousand troops from Jiangling. Shortly afterward he received the staff of authority over all Yizhou military affairs. The Gaozu had confided his plan: "When Liu Jingxuan once marched on Huanghu he failed and withdrew. They will expect the outer river route yet fear we will surprise them on the inner river instead. Then they will surely mass troops at Fucheng to block the inner route. Marching on Huanghu would play straight into their hands. Send the main body up the outer water to Chengdu while a feint moves on the inner water—that is how to outwit them." Lest the plan leak and the foe discern truth from rumor, he also gave Lingshi a fully sealed letter marked on the margin: "Open at Baidi only." The columns marched on, yet none knew their instructions. At Baidi he broke the seal: every unit was to strike Chengdu by the outer water; Zang Xi and Zhu Lin were to seize Guanghan on the middle water; a light squadron of a dozen high ships was to probe Huanghu on the inner water. The hosts doubled their pace; Qiao Zong, as predicted, held the inner line, posting Qiao Daofu at Fucheng while Hou Hui, Qiao Shen, and over ten thousand men fortified Pengmo with a riverside wall.
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十年六月，齡石至彭模，諸將以賊水北城險阻眾多，咸欲先攻其南，齡石曰：「不然。 雖寇在北，今屠南城，不足以破北； 若盡銳以拔北壘，南城不麾而自散也。」 七月，齡石率劉鍾、蒯恩等攻城，詰朝戰，至日昃，焚其樓櫓，四面並登，斬侯輝、譙詵，仍回軍以麾，南城即時散潰。 凡斬大將十五級，諸營守以次土崩，眾軍乃舍船步進。
In the sixth month of year 10 Lingshi arrived at Pengmo; his officers, seeing the north bank strong and crowded, wanted to storm the south first, but he said: "No. Even with the rebels on the north bank, crushing the south today will not topple the north; concentrate every crack soldier on the north fort and the south will collapse without a signal." In the seventh month he stormed Pengmo with Liu Zhong and Kuai En, fought from dawn till late day, burned the towers, escaladed on every side, slew Hou Hui and Qiao Shen, wheeled his banner—and the south bank routed instantly. Fifteen senior rebel commanders fell; camp after camp crumbled; the army left its boats and pressed forward on foot.
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龍驤將軍臧熹至廣漢，病卒。 朱林至廣漢，復破譙道福，別軍乘船陷牛脾城，斬其大將譙撫。 譙縱聞諸處盡敗，奔於涪城，巴西人王志斬送。 偽尚書令馬耽封府庫以待王師。 道福聞彭模不守，率精銳五千兼行來赴，聞縱已走，道福眾亦散，乃逃於獠中。 巴西民杜瑤縛送之，斬於軍門。 桓謙弟恬隨謙入蜀，為寧蜀太守，至是亦斬焉。
Zang Xi reached Guanghan and died of sickness on the march. Zhu Lin took Guanghan, routed Qiao Daofu again, and a detached fleet seized Niupi and killed the general Qiao Fu. Hearing of total collapse, Qiao Zong fled toward Fucheng; Wang Zhi of Baxi cut him down and delivered his head. The rebel Chief Minister Ma Dan sealed the storehouses to await the imperial forces. Qiao Daofu, learning Pengmo was lost, rushed five thousand elite troops to relieve it; when he heard Zong had fled, his men dispersed and he hid among the Liao. Du Yao of Baxi captured him and sent him in; he was executed before the camp gate. Huan Qian's brother Tian, who had followed Qian into Shu as Pacifying-Shu prefect, was also executed.
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高祖之伐蜀也，將謀元帥而難其人，乃舉齡石。 眾咸謂自古平蜀，皆雄傑重將，齡石資名尚輕，慮不克辦，諫者甚眾，高祖不從。 乃分大軍之半，猛將勁卒，悉以配之。 臧熹，敬皇后弟，咸服高祖之知人，又美齡石之善於其事。
Planning the Shu expedition, the Gaozu could find no commander—until he named Lingshi. Critics argued that conquering Shu had always required a towering general, while Lingshi's fame was still slight; many warned he would fail, but the Gaozu overruled them. He gave him half the main force—the finest generals and the hardest troops. Zang Xi was brother to the empress; the court marveled at the Gaozu's eye for talent and at Lingshi's mastery of the campaign.
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齡石遣司馬沈叔任戍涪，蜀人侯產德作亂，攻涪城，叔任擊破之，斬產德。 初，齡石平蜀，所戮止縱一祖之後，產德事起，多所連結，乃窮加誅剪，死者甚眾。 進號輔國將軍，尋進監益州之巴西、梓潼、宕渠、南漢中、秦州之安固、懷寧六郡諸軍事，以平蜀功，封豐城縣侯，食邑千戶。
Lingshi posted Shen Shuren at Fu; Hou Chande of Shu rebelled and attacked the city, but Shuren crushed him and slew him. At first he had killed only Qiao Zong's immediate kin; Chande's revolt drew in a wider web, and Lingshi's reprisals left a great multitude dead. Promoted to General Who Assists the State, he was soon made military governor of six commanderies and enfeoffed as Marquis of Fengcheng, fief of one thousand households, for conquering Shu.
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十一年，徵為太尉諮議參軍，加冠軍將軍。 十二年北伐，遷左將軍，本號如故，配以兵力，守衛殿省，劉穆之甚加信仗，內外諸事，皆與謀焉。 高祖還彭城，以齡石為相國右司馬。 十四年，安西將軍桂陽公義真被徵，以齡石持節督關中諸軍事、右將軍、雍州刺史。 敕齡石，若關右必不可守，可與義真俱歸。 齡石亦舉城奔走。 龍驤將軍王敬先戍曹公壘，齡石自潼關率餘眾就敬先，虜斷其水道，眾渴不能戰，城陷。 虜執齡石及敬先還長安，見殺，時年四十。
In year 11 he was recalled as consultative staff officer to the Grand Commandant with the additional rank of Champion General. In year 12, during the northern expedition, he became General of the Left, kept his former title, received troops to guard the palace, and joined Liu Muyi in counsel on every matter great and small. When the Gaozu went back to Pengcheng he appointed Lingshi Right Major of the Prime Ministerate. In year 14, when Prince of Guiyang Yizhen was recalled from the west, Lingshi received the staff of authority over the Passes as General of the Right and Inspector of Yong. His orders read: if Guanzhong could not be held, withdraw with Yizhen. Lingshi too abandoned his post and fled. Wang Jingxian held Cao Gong fortress; Lingshi marched the remnant from Tong Pass to join him, but the enemy severed the water supply, thirst broke their will to fight, and the fort fell. The enemy captured Lingshi and Jingxian, carried them to Chang'an, and executed them; he was forty.
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子景符嗣。 景符卒，子祖宣嗣，坐輒之封，八年不反，及不分姑國秩，奪爵。 更以祖宣弟隆紹封。 齊受禪，國除。
His son Jingfu inherited the title. Zuxuan succeeded Jingfu but lost the fief after eight years without the required court obeisance and for withholding his aunt's allotted income. The title passed to Zuxuan's younger brother Long. When Qi took the throne the marquisate was abolished.
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齡石弟超石，亦果銳善騎乘，雖出自將家，兄弟並閑尺牘。 桓謙為衛將軍，以補行參軍。 又參何無忌輔國右軍軍事。 徐道覆破無忌，得超石，以為參軍。 至石頭，超石說其同舟人乘單舸走歸高祖，高祖甚喜之，以為徐州主簿。 超石收迎桓謙身首，躬營殯葬。 遷車騎參軍事，尚書都官郎； 尋復補中兵參軍、寧朔將軍、沛郡太守。 西伐劉毅，使超石率步騎出江陵，未至而毅平。 及討司馬休之，遣冠軍將軍檀道濟及超石步軍出大薄，魯宗之聞超石且至，自率軍逆之，未戰而江陵平。 從至襄陽，領新野太守，追宗之至南陽而還。
His brother Chaoshi was daring and expert in horsemanship; though from a military clan, both brothers were literate. When Huan Qian served as Defender General, Chaoshi joined his staff in an acting capacity. He later served on He Wuji's Pacifying-State Right Army staff. Xu Daofu, having crushed Wuji, took Chaoshi prisoner and enrolled him on his staff. At Shitou he urged his boatmates to slip away in a light craft to the Gaozu, who delighted in him and named him chief clerk of Xuzhou. He retrieved Huan Qian's remains and oversaw the burial himself. He became staff officer of the Chariots-and-Cavalry and Director of the Punishments Section; He was then named Central Army staff officer, General Who Pacifies the North, and prefect of Pei. In the campaign against Liu Yi he dispatched Chaoshi with horse and foot from Jiangling, but Yi fell before he arrived. Against Sima Xiuzhi, Tan Daoji and Chaoshi marched on Dabo; Lu Zongzhi moved to intercept Chaoshi, yet Jiangling surrendered before they fought. He continued to Xiangyang as prefect of Xinye, chased Zongzhi to Nanyang, and withdrew.
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義熙十二年北伐，超石為前鋒入河，索虜托跋嗣，姚興之婿也，遣弟黃門郎鵝青、冀州刺史安平公乙旃眷、襄州刺史托跋道生、青州刺史阿薄干，步騎十萬，屯河北，常有數千騎，緣河隨大軍進止。 時軍人緣河南岸，牽百丈，河流迅急，有漂渡北岸者，輒為虜所殺略。 遣軍裁過岸，虜便退走，軍還，即復東來。 高祖乃遣白直隊主丁旿，率七百人，及車百乘，於河北岸上，去水百餘步，為卻月陣，兩頭抱河，車置七仗士，事畢，使豎一白毦。 虜見數百人步牽車上，不解其意，並未動。 高祖先命超石馳往赴之，並齎大弩百張，一車益二十人，設彭排於轅上。 虜見營陣既立，乃進圍營。 超石先以軟弓小箭射虜，虜以眾少兵弱，四面俱至。 嗣又遣南平公托跋嵩三萬騎至，遂肉薄攻營。 於是百弩俱發，又選善射者叢箭射之，虜眾既多，弩不能制。 超石初行，別齎大錘並千餘張矟，乃斷矟長三四尺，以錘錘之，一矟輒洞貫三四虜，虜眾不能當，一時奔潰。 臨陣斬阿薄干首，虜退還半城。 超石率胡蕃、劉榮祖等追之，復為虜所圍，奮擊盡日，殺虜千計，虜乃退走。 高祖又遣振武將軍徐猗之五千人向越騎城，虜圍猗之，以長戟結陣。 超石赴之，未至，悉奔走。 大軍進克蒲阪，以超石為河東太守，戍守之。 賊以超石眾少，復還攻城，超石戰敗退走，數日乃及大軍。
In Yixi year 12 Chaoshi led the vanguard across the Yellow River; Tuoba Si—the Northern Barbarian and Yao Xing's son-in-law—sent E Qing, Yizhan Juan, Tuoba Daosheng, A Bogan, and a hundred thousand troops to the north bank, with thousands of horsemen dogging the army along the river. Men on the south bank towed hundred-fathom lines; the current was fierce, and anyone swept to the north bank was slaughtered by the enemy. Whenever a party crossed, the barbarians withdrew; the moment our men recrossed, they returned downstream. The Gaozu sent Ding Mao with seven hundred white guards and a hundred war carts to the north bank, a hundred paces from the water, in a crescent formation hugging the river—seven fighters per cart—and raised a white yak-tail pennant when ready. The enemy saw hundreds of foot soldiers hauling carts ashore, could not fathom the maneuver, and held still. He had already ordered Chaoshi forward with a hundred heavy crossbows, twenty extra men per cart, and mantlets on the shafts. Seeing the camp complete, the barbarians closed in on every side. Chaoshi opened with light bows and short bolts; the enemy, deeming him few and feeble, rushed in from every quarter. Si next dispatched Nanping Duke Tuoba Song with thirty thousand cavalry, who closed to hand-to-hand range and stormed the camp. A hundred crossbows loosed at once while picked marksmen poured arrows into them; the enemy horde was too vast for the bolts to check. Chaoshi had marched with heavy mauls and over a thousand pikes; he shortened the shafts to three or four feet, drove them in with the hammers, and each thrust skewered three or four foes—the enemy could not stand before him and routed in a moment. In the melee he took A Bogan's head; the enemy fell back to Bancheng. Chaoshi pursued with Hu Fan and Liu Rongzu, was encircled again, fought until nightfall killing thousands, and the barbarians finally drew off. The Gaozu sent Xu Yizhi, General Who Quells Barbarians, with five thousand troops toward Yueqi; the enemy ringed him, and he locked shields in a wall of long halberds. Chaoshi hurried to relieve him, but the barbarians had already scattered before he came up. The main force captured Puban; Chaoshi was named Administrator of Hedong and left to hold it. The enemy, thinking him weak, came back to storm the city; Chaoshi lost, fell back, and rejoined the main army only days later.
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高祖自長安東還，超石常令人水道至彭城，除中書侍郎，封興平縣五等侯。 關中擾亂，高祖遣超石慰勞河、洛。 始至蒲阪，值齡石自長安東走至曹公壘，超石濟河就之，與齡石俱沒，為佛佛所殺，時年三十七。
As the Gaozu marched east from Chang'an, Chaoshi kept couriers on the waterways to Pengcheng; he was made Palace Secretariat Attendant and enfeoffed fifth-rank Marquis of Xingping. When the Passes fell into disorder the Gaozu dispatched him to reassure the He and Luo districts. He had barely reached Puban when Lingshi fled east from Chang'an toward Cao Gong fortress; Chaoshi crossed the river to join him, and both were lost—killed by Helian Bobo—at the age of thirty-seven.
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毛脩之
Mao Xiuzhi
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毛脩之，字敬文，滎陽陽武人也。 祖虎生，伯父璩，並益州刺史。 父瑾，梁、秦二州刺史。
Mao Xiuzhi, whose courtesy name was Jingwen, came from Yangwu in Xingyang commandery. His grandfather Husheng and his uncle Quan had both been Inspectors of Yizhou. His father Jin held the Liang and Qin inspectorates.
19
脩之有大志，頗讀史籍，荊州刺史殷仲堪以為寧遠參軍。 桓玄克荊州，仍為玄佐，歷後軍、太尉、相國參軍。 解音律，能騎射，玄甚遇之。 及篡位，以為屯騎校尉。 隨玄西奔，玄敗於崢嶸洲，復還江陵，人情離散，議欲西奔漢川。 脩之誘令入蜀，馮遷斬玄於枚回洲，脩之力也。
He harbored large designs, steeped himself in historical works, and Yin Zhongkan appointed him Pacifying-the-Distant staff officer. Huan Xuan seized Jingzhou and kept him as aide, through the Rear Army, Grand Marshal, and Chancellor's offices in turn. He mastered pitch and horsemanship; Xuan favored him greatly. At Xuan's usurpation he became Commandant of the Escort Cavalry. He fled west with Xuan; after defeat at Zhengrong Isle they returned to Jiangling, the host melting away, and some urged flight into Hanzhong. Xiuzhi steered them into Shu; Feng Qian cut Xuan down at Meihui Isle on his counsel.
20
晉安帝反正於江陵，除驍騎將軍。 下至京師，高祖以為鎮軍諮議參軍，加寧朔將軍。 旬月，遷右衛將軍。 既有斬玄之謀，又伯、父並在蜀土，高祖欲引為外助，故頻加榮爵。 及父瑾為譙縱所殺，高祖表為龍驤將軍，配給兵力，遣令奔赴。 又遣益州刺史司馬榮期及文處茂、時延祖等西討。 脩之至宕渠，榮期為參軍楊承祖所殺，承祖自稱鎮軍將軍、巴州刺史。 脩之退還白帝，承祖自下攻之，不拔。 脩之使參軍嚴綱等收兵眾，漢嘉太守馮遷率兵來會，討承祖斬之。 時文處茂猶在巴郡，脩之遣振武將軍張季仁五百兵係處茂等。 荊州刺史道規又遣奮武將軍原導之領千人，受脩之節度。 脩之遣原導之與季仁俱進。
After Emperor An's restoration at Jiangling he was named General of Valiant Cavalry. Downriver at the capital the Gaozu gave him consultative staff rank on the Pacifying Army and the additional title General Who Pacifies the North. A month later he rose to General of the Right Guard. He had helped kill Xuan, and his father's and uncles' power still sat in Shu; the Gaozu courted him as a western lever and piled honors on him. After Qiao Zong slew his father Jin, the Gaozu petitioned for Dragon-Prancing General, gave him troops, and sent him west. He dispatched Sima Rongqi, Inspector of Yizhou, with Wen Chumao, Shi Yanzu, and others in the western expedition. At Dangqu, Rongqi fell to his aide Yang Chengzu, who proclaimed himself Pacifying-Army general and Inspector of Ba. Xiuzhi fell back to Baidi; Chengzu assailed from downstream and failed. He sent Yan Gang to rally the host; Feng Qian, Administrator of Hanjia, marched in, and they slew Chengzu. Chumao remained in Ba; Xiuzhi detached Zhang Jiren, General Who Quells Barbarians, with five hundred to coordinate with him. Inspector Daogui of Jingzhou added Yuan Daozhi, General Who Inspires Might, with a thousand men under Xiuzhi's command. Xiuzhi pushed Daozhi and Jiren ahead in concert.
21
時益州刺史鮑陋不肯進討，脩之下都上表曰：「臣聞在生所以重生，實有生理可保。 臣之情地，生途已竭，所以未淪於泉壤，借命於朝露者，以日月貞照，有兼映之輝，庶憑天威，誅夷仇逆。 自提戈西赴，備嘗時難，遂使齊斧停柯，狡豎假息。 誠由經路有暨，亦緣制不自己。 撫影窮號，泣望西路。 益州刺史陋始以四月二十九日達巴東，頓白帝，以俟廟略。 可乘之機宜踐，投袂之會屢愆。 臣雖效死寇庭，而理絕救援，是以束骸載馳，訴冤象魏。 昔宋害申丹，楚莊有遺履之憤，況忘家殉國，尠有臣門，節冠風霜，人所矜悼。 伍員不虧君義，而申包不忘國艱，俟會佇鋒，因時乃發。 今臣庸逾在昔，未蒙宵邁之旗，是以仰辰極以希照，眷西土以灑淚也。 公私懷恥，仰望洪恩，豈宜遂享名器，比肩人伍。 求情既所不容，即實又非所繼，但以方仗威靈，要須綜攝，乞解金紫寵私之榮，賜以鷹揚折衝之號。 臣之於國，理無虛請。 自臣涉道，情慮荒越，疹毒交纏，常慮性命隕越，要當躬先士卒，身馳賊庭，手斬凶醜，以攄莫大之釁。 然後就死之日，即化如歸，闔門靈爽，豈不謝先帝於玄宮。」 高祖哀其情事，乃命冠軍將軍劉敬宣率文處茂、時延祖諸軍伐蜀。 軍次黃虎，無功而退。 譙縱由此送脩之父、伯及中表喪，口累並得俱還。
Inspector Bao Lou refused to press the attack; Xiuzhi descended to the capital and memorialized: "I hear that the living may be reborn when a way to preserve life remains. My own road is spent; I linger above the grave only because the throne's light still falls on me, and I trust to imperial might to destroy the murderer. Since I marched west every trial of the campaign has left the axe idle and the traitor breathing still. The roads were barred—and I was not free to command. I clutch my shadow and cry toward the west. Inspector Lou reached Badong on the twenty-ninth of the fourth month and camped at Baidi awaiting the court's plan. Every chance to strike he let slip; every call to lash his sleeve he ignored. Though I would die in the enemy camp, no aid could reach me; I raced here with bound bones to cry injustice at the palace gate. When Song killed Shen Dan, King Zhuang of Chu raged over a sandal left behind; how much more a house that gives family for the realm—a gate rare in its season, a loyalty that outlasts frost and draws every man's grief. Wu Zixu kept faith with his prince; Shen Bao remembered the realm's peril—they waited the hour and struck when it came. My deeds are meaner than theirs, and no night-marching banner has been raised for me; I look to the pole star for light and to the west for tears. Shame grips court and camp; we beg imperial grace—how can I still wear golden purple and rank with the multitude? Feeling forbids it and fact cannot bear it; yet the campaign needs a single hand on the reins—I beg to shed gilded rank and take the hawk-banners of the shock commander. Toward the throne my plea is not hollow. On this path my mind reels and sickness knots me; I expect death daily, yet I will ride before the ranks, burst their camp, and with my own blade kill the arch-criminal to wash away the gravest stain. Then when death comes I shall go as to my own hearth, and the shades of my line will thank the late emperor in the hidden court. The Gaozu, grieving at his words, sent Champion General Liu Jingxuan with Chumao, Yanzu, and the host against Shu. The army camped at Huanghu and retreated empty-handed. Qiao Zong returned Xiuzhi's father, uncles, and cousins in their coffins, every bier permitted home.
22
盧循逼京邑，脩之服未除，起為輔國將軍，尋加宣城內史，戍姑孰。 為循黨阮賜所攻，擊破之。 循走，劉毅還姑孰，脩之領毅後軍司馬，坐長置吏僮，免將軍、內史官。 毅西鎮江陵，以為衛軍司馬、輔國將軍、南郡太守。 脩之雖為毅將佐，而深自結高祖。 高祖討毅，先遣王鎮惡襲江陵，脩之與諮議參軍任集之等竝力戰，高祖宥之。
Lu Xun threatened the capital; though still in mourning, Xiuzhi was made General Who Assists the State, then Interior Minister of Xuancheng to hold Gushu. Ruan Ci, a partisan of Xun, attacked him; he broke them. Xun fled; Liu Yi came back to Gushu and Xiuzhi became his Rear-Army Major, then lost general and interior-minister titles for retaining clerks and bondsmen overlong. Yi took the west at Jiangling; Xiuzhi became Staff Major of the Guards, General Who Assists the State, and Administrator of Nan. Though he served Yi, he secretly courted the Gaozu. The Gaozu's campaign against Yi opened with Wang Zhen'e's surprise on Jiangling; Xiuzhi battled beside Ren Jizhi and the rest, and the Gaozu spared him.
23
時遣朱齡石伐蜀，脩之固求行，高祖慮脩之至蜀，必多所誅殘，士人既與毛氏有嫌，亦當以死自固，故不許。 還都，除黃門侍郎，復為右衛將軍。
Zhu Lingshi was marching on Shu; Xiuzhi begged to join, but the Gaozu feared wholesale slaughter in Shu and that local gentry, hostile to the Maos, would resist to the death—so he refused. Back at court he became Palace Gate Attendant and again General of the Right Guard.
24
脩之不信鬼神，所至必焚除房廟。 時蔣山廟中有佳牛好馬，脩之並奪取之。 高祖討司馬休之，以為諮議參軍、冠軍將軍、領南郡相。
He denied ghosts and gods and burned every shrine he found. Jiangshan Temple kept excellent cattle and horses; he took them all. In the campaign against Sima Xiuzhi he was consultative staff officer, Champion General, and acting Nan commandery administrator.
25
高祖將伐羌，先遣脩之復芍陂，起田數千頃。 及至彭城，又使營立府舍，轉相國右司馬，將軍如故。 時洛陽已平，即本號為河南、河內二郡太守，行西州事，戍洛陽，修治城壘。 高祖既至，案行善之，賜衣服玩好，當時計直二千萬。 先是，劉敬宣女嫁，高祖賜錢三百萬，雜綵千匹，時人竝以為厚賜。 王鎮惡死，脩之代為安西司馬，將軍如故。 值桂陽公義真已發長安，為佛佛虜所邀，軍敗。 脩之與義真相失，走將免矣。 始登一阪，阪甚高峻，右衛軍人叛走，已上阪，嘗為脩之所罰者，以戟擲之，傷額，因墜阪，遂為佛佛所擒。 佛佛死，其子赫連昌為索虜托跋燾所獲，脩之並沒。
Before the Qiang campaign the Gaozu sent him to restore Quepi and open thousands of acres. At Pengcheng he raised government halls, became Right Major of the Chancellorate, and kept his general's rank. Luoyang secure, he held Henan and Hennei, acted as western overseer, garrisoned the city, and rebuilt its walls. The Gaozu came, commended his governance, and gave robes and luxuries worth twenty million in current coin. When Liu Jingxuan's daughter wed, the Gaozu had given three million cash and a thousand bolts of silk—then thought munificent. Wang Zhen'e's death put Xiuzhi in the Anxi major's post, rank unchanged. Prince of Guiyang Yizhen had left Chang'an when Helian Bobo's Xia forces ambushed him and broke the army. Xiuzhi was separated from Yizhen and almost free. He mounted a steep ridge when Right Guards who had fled above—men he had once punished—cast halberds that gashed his brow; he tumbled down and Helian Bobo took him. Helian Bobo died; his son Chang fell to the Northern Wei ruler Tuoba Tao, and Xiuzhi was carried off with the captives.
26
初，脩之在洛，敬事嵩高山寇道士，道士為燾所信敬，營護之，故得不死，遷于平城。 脩之嘗為羊羹，以薦虜尚書，尚書以為絕味，獻之於燾； 燾大喜，以脩之為太官令。 稍被親寵，遂為尚書、光祿大夫、南郡公，太官令、尚書如故。 其後朱脩之沒虜，亦為燾所寵。 脩之相得甚歡。 脩之問南國當權者為誰，朱脩之答云：「殷景仁。」 脩之笑曰：「吾昔在南，殷尚幼少，我得歸罪之日，便應巾韝到門邪！」 經年不忍問家消息，久之乃訊訪，脩之具答，并云：「賢子元矯，甚能自處，為時人所稱。」 脩之悲不得言，直視良久，乃長歎曰：「嗚呼！」 自此一不復及。 初，荒人去來，言脩之勸誘燾侵邊，并教燾以中國禮制，太祖甚疑責之。 脩之後得還，具相申理，上意乃釋。 脩之在虜中，多畜妻妾，男女甚多。 元嘉二十三年，死於虜中，時年七十二。 元矯歷宛陵、江乘、溧陽令。
In Luoyang he had cultivated a Songshan outlaw priest; Tao trusted the man, sheltered Xiuzhi, spared his life, and sent him to Pingcheng. He once cooked mutton broth for a Xia Director of the Masters of Writing, who called it unmatched and set it before Tao; Tao delighted and named him Grand Provisioner. Favor grew; he rose to Director of the Masters of Writing, Household Minister of the Imperial Clan, and Duke of Nan, keeping Provisioner and Director. Later Zhu Xiuzhi was also captured and won Tao's favor. The two men grew intimate. Mao Xiuzhi asked who ruled the south; Zhu Xiuzhi said, "Yin Jingren. Mao Xiuzhi laughed: "When I was in the south Yin was a boy—when I come home to settle scores, shall I not rein up at his very gate? Years passed before he dared ask after kin; Zhu Xiuzhi told him all and added, "Your son Yuanjiao bears himself admirably and men praise him. Mao Xiuzhi could not speak for grief; he stared a long while and sighed, "Alas! After that he never spoke of it again. Frontier travelers said he had urged Tao to raid the borders and taught him Chinese rites; the founding emperor suspected and rebuked him. On his return he laid out the truth and the emperor's anger lifted. In captivity he took many wives and fathered many children. In the twenty-third year of Yuanjia he died in captivity, aged seventy-two. Yuanjiao held the magistracies of Wanling, Jiangcheng, and Liyang.
27
傅弘之
Fu Hongzhi
28
傅弘之，字仲度，北地泥陽人。 傅氏舊屬靈州，漢末郡境為虜所侵，失土寄寓馮翊，置泥陽、富平二縣，靈州廢不立，故傅氏還屬泥陽。 晉武帝太康三年，復立靈州縣，傅氏悉屬靈州。 弘之高祖晉司徒祗，後封靈州公，不欲封本縣，故祗一門還復泥陽。 曾祖暢，秘書丞，沒胡，生子洪，晉穆帝永和中，胡亂得還。 洪生韶，梁州刺史，散騎常侍。 韶生弘之。
Fu Hongzhi, whose courtesy name was Zhongdu, came from Niyang in Beidi. The Fu line once belonged to Lingzhou; at Han's end barbarians overran the district, they lost their lands and settled in Fengyi, where Niyang and Fuping were founded and Lingzhou abolished—so the Fu returned to Niyang. In Taikang year 3 of Emperor Wu, Lingzhou was restored and all the Fu reverted to it. His great-grandfather Zhi, Jin Minister of Works, was later made Duke of Lingzhou but refused a fief in his home county, so that branch alone returned to Niyang. Grandfather Chang, Secretariat Director, died among the barbarians and left Hong; in Emperor Mu's Yonghe era he came back through the chaos. Hong fathered Shao, Inspector of Liang and Regular Attendant of the Scattered Cavalry. Shao fathered Hongzhi.
29
少倜儻有大志，為本州主簿，舉秀才，不行。 桓玄將篡，新野人庾仄起兵於南陽，襲雍州刺史馮該，該走。 弘之時在江陵，與仄兄子彬謀殺荊州刺史桓石康，以荊州刺史應仄。 彬從弟宏知其謀，以告石康，石康收彬殺之，繋弘之於獄。 桓玄以弘之非造謀，又白衣無兵眾，原不罪。
Young, he was daring and ambitious; chief clerk of his province, nominated Outstanding Talent, he declined. As Huan Xuan prepared to seize the throne, Yu Ze of Xinye rose in Nanyang, struck Inspector Feng Gai of Yong, and Gai fled. Hongzhi was in Jiangling at the time and joined Ze's nephew Bin in a plot to kill Jingzhou inspector Huan Shikang and hand the province to Ze's cause. Bin's cousin Hong uncovered the scheme and reported it to Shikang, who arrested and executed Bin and threw Hongzhi into prison. Huan Xuan judged that Hongzhi had not masterminded the plot and, being a private citizen without soldiers, spared him punishment.
30
義旗建，輔國將軍道規以為參軍、寧遠將軍、魏興太守。 盧循作亂，桓石綏自上洛甲口自號荊州刺史，徵陽令王天恩自號梁州刺史，襲西城。 時韶為梁州，遣弘之討石綏等，竝斬之。 除太尉行參軍。 從征司馬休之，署後部賊曹，仍為建威將軍、順陽太守。 高祖北伐，弘之與扶風太守沈田子等七軍自武關入，偽上洛太守囗脫奔走，進據藍田，招懷戎、晉。 晉人龐斌之、戴養、胡人康橫等各率部落歸化。 弘之素善騎乘，高祖至長安，弘之於姚泓馳道內，緩服戲馬，或馳或驟，往反二十里中，甚有姿制。 羌胡聚觀者數千人，並驚惋歎息。 初上馬，以馬鞭柄策，挽致兩股內，及下馬，柄孔猶存。
After the loyalist cause was raised, Liu Daogui, general who pacifies the state, appointed him staff officer, general who pacifies the distant, and administrator of Weixing. During Lu Xun's revolt, Huan Shisui emerged from the Shangluo pass to declare himself inspector of Jingzhou, while Wang Tian'en, magistrate of Zhengyang, claimed the Liangzhou inspectorship and attacked Xicheng. His father Shao was then inspector of Liangzhou and dispatched Hongzhi to suppress Shisui and his allies; he cut them all down. He was made acting staff officer to the grand marshal. In the campaign against Sima Xiuzhi he was placed in charge of the rear bureau for bandit suppression, then promoted to general who establishes might and administrator of Shunyang. During the Gaozu's northern campaign, Hongzhi and Shen Tianzi of Fufeng led seven columns through Wuguan; the puppet prefect of Shangluo fled, and they seized Lantian and rallied the tribal and Han populations. Han leaders Pang Binzhi and Dai Yang, together with the non-Han chief Kang Heng, each brought their clans to allegiance. A superb horseman, Hongzhi when the Gaozu entered Chang'an rode for sport along Yao Hong's imperial track in plain clothes, alternately cantering and charging over twenty li with memorable poise. Several thousand Qiang and Hu spectators gathered, every one of them astonished and sighing in admiration. As he mounted he wedged the whip-handle between his thighs and drew it tight; when he dismounted, the grip-marks still showed on the handle.
31
進為桂陽公義真雍州治中從事史，除西戎司馬、寧朔將軍。 略陽太守徐師高反叛，弘之討平之。 高祖歸後，佛佛偽太子赫連瓌率眾三萬襲長安，弘之又領步騎五千，於池陽大破之，殺傷甚眾。 瓌又抄掠渭南，弘之又於寡婦人渡破瓌，獲賊三百，掠七千餘口。 又義真東歸，佛佛傾國追躡，於青泥大戰，弘之身貫甲胄，氣冠三軍。 軍敗，陷沒，佛佛逼令降，弘之不為屈。 時天寒，裸弘之，弘之叫駡見殺。 時年四十二。
He rose to registrar of Yongzhou under Prince Guiyang Yizhen and was made major of the western barbarian command and general who calms the north. When Xu Shigao, administrator of Lueyang, rebelled, Hongzhi crushed the uprising. After the Gaozu withdrew east, Helian Bobo's puppet heir Gui struck Chang'an with thirty thousand men; Hongzhi led five thousand infantry and cavalry and shattered them at Chiyang, inflicting heavy casualties. Gui raided the south bank of the Wei once more; Hongzhi beat him at Widow's Ford, killing three hundred of the enemy and capturing more than seven thousand people. When Yizhen withdrew east, Helian Bobo pursued with his entire kingdom; at the great battle of Qingni, Hongzhi fought armored from head to foot and his courage outshone the whole army. The army was beaten and he was taken; Helian Bobo demanded his submission, but Hongzhi refused to bend. It was bitter cold; they stripped him bare; he railed and cursed until they killed him. He was forty-two years old.
32
【評】
Appraisal
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史臣曰：三代之隆，畿服有品，東漸西被，無遺遐荒。 及漢氏闢土，通譯四方，風教淺深，優劣已遠。 晉室播遷，來宅揚、越，關、朔遙阻，隴、汧遐荒，區甸分其內外，山河判其表裏，而羌、戎雜合，久絕聲教，固宜待以荒服，羈縻而已也。 若其懷道畏威，奉王受職，則通以書軌，班以王規。 若負其岨遠，屈強邊垂，則距險閉關，禦其寇暴。 桓溫一世英人，志移晉鼎，自非兵屈西湖，戰衂枋頭，則光宅之運，中年允集。 高祖無周世累仁之基，欲力征以君四海，實須外積武功，以收天下人望。 止欲掛斾龍門，折衝冀、趙，跨功桓氏，取高昔人，地未闢於東晉，威獨振於江南，然後可以變國情，愜民志，撫歸運而膺寶策。 豈不知秦川不足供養，百二難以傳後哉！ 至舉咸陽而棄之，非失筭也。 此四將藉歸眾難固之情，已至於俱陷，為不幸矣。
The historian writes: In the glory of the Three Dynasties, capital domains and outer territories each had their proper rank; civilization spread east and west until no distant wilds lay beyond its reach. When the Han opened their empire, translators reached the four quarters, yet the depth of culture and instruction already varied sharply from place to place. The Jin court was driven into exile and made its home in the Yang and Yue region; the passes of Guan and the northern frontier stood remote, Long and Qian were distant wastes; territories divided inner from outer, mountains and rivers marked the borderlands, while Qiang and Rong peoples had long been cut off from imperial instruction—proper treatment was the loose rein reserved for the outer wilds. If they embraced the civilized order and feared imperial might, accepted the throne's mandate and received office, then they were brought within the realm of writing and law and granted the court's regulations. If they relied on rugged distance and defied the court on the frontier, then passes were held and gates closed to repel their raids. Huan Wen, a hero of his generation, meant to move the Jin throne; but for defeat at West Lake and rout at Fangtou, the fortune of ruling the realm would have been his in mid-career. The Gaozu lacked the Zhou dynasty's generations of accumulated benevolence and sought to rule the realm by force of arms; he truly needed victories abroad to win the world's esteem. He intended merely to raise his banners at Longmen, to repel the foe in Ji and Zhao, to outdo the house of Huan and stand higher than the heroes of old; though Eastern Jin had not expanded its territory, his prestige alone resounded south of the Yangtze—only then could he reshape the nation's temper, satisfy popular will, embrace the returning mandate, and accept the imperial succession. Did he not know that the Qin plain could not feed his armies, that even the most defensible terrain could not secure his line! To seize Xianyang and then withdraw was no error of strategy. These four commanders were caught by the soldiers' longing for home, a sentiment impossible to hold firm; that they all perished together was sheer misfortune.